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Current status and overview of farm mechanization in Pakistan – A review CIGR Journal
Rehman, Tanzeel ur; Usman Khan, Muhammad; Tayyab, Muhammad; Waqar Akram, Muhammad; Faheem, Muhammad.
Economic growth in Pakistani agricultural sector lags behind growth in industry and services, creating an ever widening rural-urban income fissure.  Agricultural mechanization plays a strategic role in improving agricultural production and productivity in developing countries. The average farm size in Pakistan is small (2.5 acres) and small and marginal land holdings (less than 2.0 ha) account for 85% of land holdings.  Mechanizing small and non-contiguous group of small farms is against ‘economies of scale’ for individual ownership of farm machinery. It was observed that there was a direct correlation between farm power availability and productivity during the past six decades. Being an agrarian country, mechanization can be called as back bone of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Machinery farm mechanization tractor population farm power agricultural machinery.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3650
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ICT monitoring and mathematical modelling of dairy cows performances in hot climate conditions: a study case in Po valley (Italy) CIGR Journal
Bonora, Filippo; Pastell, Matti; Benni, Stefano; Tassinari, Patrizia; Torreggiani, Daniele.
Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) measure and record specific data about milk production and cow behaviour, providing farmers with useful real-time information for each animal. At the same time, indoor climatic conditions in terms of temperature and humidity within a dairy livestock barn represent a well-known crucial issue in farm building design and management, since these parameters can remarkably influence cows behaviour, milk yield and animal welfare.The goal of the study is to develop and test an innovative procedure for the comprehensive analysis of AMS-generated multi-variable time-series, with a focus on the analysis of the relationship between milk production and indoor climatic conditions. The specific purpose of the study is to develop and test a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Structures and Environment Precision Livestock Farming; THI (Temperature Humidity Index); Productivity; Dairy Cow.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4679
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Performance evaluation of a bush mango (irvingia gabonensis) nut cracking machine CIGR Journal
AVIARA, NDUBISI A.; Iyilade, Idowu J.; Oyeniyi, Samuel K.; Aremu, Ademola K..
A bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) nut handling machine was developed to ease the tedium involved in the cracking operation and enhance the efficiency of separating the kernels from hulls. The machine consists of a hopper, cracking unit barrel, electric motor, blower, tool frame, hull outlet and kernel outlet. It operates on the principle of impact using centrifugal force from the baffles on a spinning disc. Results of performance tests carried out using nuts at four moisture levels in the range of 7.52-20.6% (d.b) showed that percent effective cracking decreased, while percentage kernel breakage increased with increase in feed rate, moisture content and resident time of nuts in the cracking chamber. Winnowing efficiency increased with feed rate and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Post harvest Technology; Crop Processing Bush mango nut; Design and construction; Performance evaluation; Cracking; Efficiency.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5093
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Prevention aspects for avoiding run-over incidents with self-propelled agricultural machinery CIGR Journal
Mayrhofer, Hannes; Quendler, Elisabeth; Boxberger, Josef.
Run-overs are one of the most common incident scenarios with tractors, self-propelled harvesting and load transportation machines in Austrian agriculture.  The aim of the study was to describe sustainable prevention measures against these kinds of incidents.  For this purpose, the compliance with safety standards and directives in new machinery was investigated, currently available prevention equipment was identified and manufacturers were asked about the difficulties in the implementation of prevention measures against run-overs in new vehicles.  In addition, a literature and internet research was done.  The evaluation of new machines showed that self-propelled harvesting machines and tractors tended to be more frequently equipped with relevant safety...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Accident Prevention agricultural machinery; Run-over; Incident; Prevention.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2853
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Development and evaluation of nitrogen (liquid Urea) applicator for straw mulched no-till wheat CIGR Journal
Dixit, Jagvir Singh; Mahal, Jaskarn Singh; Manes, Gursahib Singh; Singh, Manjeet.
The broadcasting of urea under high straw no-till farming often exhibit suppressed yields because of lesser nitrogen availability due to slower soil mineralization and greater N immobilization, de-nitrification and ammonia volatilization.  Prior to development of nitrogen (liquid urea) applicator, appropriate machines were not available for application of urea into the soil surface in a directly sown high straw mulched wheat crop.  To solve the problems of urea application in high straw no-till farming, self-propelled nitrogen (liquid urea) applicator was developed and evaluated under actual field conditions.  Average field capacity and efficiency of the applicator were found to be 0.33 ha/h and 80.49%, respectively.  Total plant N uptake at maturity was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Power Machinery Nitrogen (liquid urea) applicator broadcasting straw load field capacity nitrogen uptake yield.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2646
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Effect of spade angle and spading frequency of spading machine on specific soil resistance and pulverization CIGR Journal
Dogra, Ritu.
The effect of spade angle and spading frequency on various dependent variables, i.e. specific soil resistance encountered, energy consumed per unit volume of soil moved, weighted mean clod size, soil bulk density, soil cone index and cone index ratio were studied.  The experiments were conducted in soil having 15.7% clay, 53.6% silt, and 30.7% sand.  During experimentation, moisture content of soil was maintained between 13% and 14%.  The spade angles used were A1 (0°), A2 (15°) and A3 (30°).  Four levels of bite lengths viz. 4, 6, 8 and 10 cmat travel speed of 18.47 cms-1 were selected for the study.  These corresponded to four levels of spading frequencies namely F1 (1.85 cycles s-1), F2 (2.31 cycles s-1), F3 (3.08 cycles s-1) and F4 (4.62 cycles s-1). ...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Machinery and power Engineering spading machine; Spade angle; Spading frequency; Degree of pulverization.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3580
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Wear on circular orifice plate of hollow-cone type agrochemical spray nozzles CIGR Journal
KUMAR SINGH, AKSHAY; Bhatt, Yogesh Chandra.
An orifice plate of spray nozzles changes pressurized agrochemical liquid spray into the finer droplets in order to accomplish application of pesticide on to the field crops. Application rate of pesticide per unit area (L/ha) is an important pre-defined parameter for a particular crop which is governed by the combined effect of flow rate per unit of time (L/min.) and the time of cover the unit area (hr/ha). The study has revealed the failures of orifices of hollow-cone nozzles, due to wear, to obey the constant rate of discharge of liquid pesticides with the usage of time. Hollow-cone nozzles with different materials of constructions (plastic, stainless steel and ceramic) were tested under the pressure of 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 kg-cm-2 respectively. Material...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Machinery and Power Engineering circular orifice plate; Material of construction; Flow rate; Liquid spraying pressure.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4535
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Development of a support mechanism for the use of motorized oil palm fruit bunch cutter CIGR Journal
Aramide, Basiru Philip; Owolarafe, Oseni Kehinde; Adeyemi, Nabeel A.
In this study a support mechanism (SP) for a palm fruit bunch harvester was designed, fabricated and tested on a plantation. This was with a view to adapting the cutter for harvesting tall oil palm trees in Nigeria. The design concept for the support mechanism was conceived as a mast pyramid which simulates an adjustable ladder pivoted on wheels comprising three segments, namely: the wheels which facilitate easy movement within the plantation; the lower segment, which comprises the stands and the upper segment which comprises the chamber (equipped with a platform) in which the operator (the climber) stands. The support mechanism was tested in comparison with the existing rope-and-knife (RK) method. The harvesting parameters used are time to climb up the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Machinery and Processing oil palm harvesting motorized-harvester support-mechanism.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3493
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Characterisation of Small Scale Feed Mills in a Developing Country CIGR Journal
Adetifa, Babatunde Olusola; Okewole, Oyewole Titilope.
There are many cottage scale animal farms in Nigeria that are sustained by the existence of small scale feed mills. The growth of these small scale feed mills is affected by some problems. A study to investigate some of the technical problems in small scale feed mills was conducted using Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria as a case study. Ten feed mills were randomly selected and investigated while thirty workers were assessed. The characteristics of the feed mills were investigated in terms of capacity, number of workers, mill operations and equipment used and the problems were investigated by studying four different areas which include; power source; unit operations/equipment; energy utilization pattern and workplace safety/hygiene. A questionnaire was designed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Agricultural Processing; Feed milling; Management Capacity Energy use Grower’s mash Hygiene Layer’s mash Power source Unit operations.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3012
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Production of biodiesel from groundnut (Arachis hypogea, L.) oil CIGR Journal
Oniya, Oluwatoyin Oluwole; Bamgboye, A. Isaac.
Biodiesel is an environmental-friendly substitute for fossil fuel.  Research on the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils has concentrated on Jatropha, soybean, palm kernel, sunflower and rapeseed oils with scarce information on groundnut oils.  This study focussed on the production of biodiesel from groundnut oil.  Oil was mechanically extracted from groundnut seeds that were bought from Sabo market in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.  The extracted oil was trans-esterized with ethanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst in a two-step trans-esterification process to yield ethyl esters and glycerol.  The fuel properties of groundnut oil and its ethyl ester were determined according to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard methods and compared...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Energy Groundnut oil Automotive Gas Oil Transesterification Ethyl esters Biodiesel Fuel Diesel engine Nigeria..
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2318
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Effect of Moisture Content and Loading Orientation on Mechanical Properties of Bush Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) Nut CIGR Journal
AVIARA, NDUBISI A.; Iyilade, Idowu J.; Oyeniyi, Samuel K.; Aremu, Ademola K..
The use of inappropriate equipment to crack bush mango nut and obtain the kernel has adversely affected the efficiency of its processing operations. The manual method, which involves cracking the nut with stone or pestle and mortar, is not only slow and risky, but also wasteful. In order to develop appropriate processing equipment for the nut, knowledge of its mechanical properties is necessary. This study was undertaken to determine some strength properties of the nut at different moisture contents under lateral and longitudinal loading orientations, using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). In the moisture range of 7.52% - 20.6% (d.b) under both lateral and longitudinal loading orientations, results of tests showed that all the strength properties (bioyield...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Post harvest Technology; Crop Processing Mechanical properties; Bush mango nut; Irvingia gabonensis; Moisture content; Loading orientation; Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5092
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Assessment of the CERES-Rice model for rice production in Ibadan, Nigeria CIGR Journal
Christopher Oluwakunmi Akinbile; FUTA.
CERES-Rice model was used to simulate growth and yield of a new rice variety in Nigeria with the attention on rates of water application, one major factor that retards crop’s grain yield. The rates were full irrigation (100%ET), medium (75% ET), average (50% ET) and low (25% ET) irrigation intervals. The NEw RIce for AfriCA (acronym for NERICA) 2 variety was grown at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Experimental agronomic values of parameters such as plant height, root depth, canopy shading, Leaf area index (LAI), biomass and grain yield in relation to water use were obtained and compared with simulated modelled values from CERES and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The model predicted...
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Rice; Model; Water; Simulation; Production; Food security..
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2405
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Modeling energy efficiency during dehydration process of cooked yam CIGR Journal
Akinoso, Rahman; Edun, Kolade.
Studies on drying have focused on developing mathematical models and kinetics of drying crops, but literature is sparse on energy and exergy analysis of cooked yam used for instant-pounded yam flour production.  This work presents the effect of drying temperature and size on energy consumption during cooked yam dehydration, a major unit operation in instant-pounded yam production.  Cooked yam with uniform surface area but different thickness (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm,    20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm) were dried in a cabinet dryer at varying temperatures (60oC, 70oC and 80oC) and constant air velocity of 1.5 m s-1.  During the drying process, parameters including inside chamber temperature, outside chamber temperature, ambient temperature, drying time and power output...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Food Engineering; Agricultural Engineering; Post-Harvest Drying Cooked yam Energy analysis Exergy efficiency Instant-pounded yam flour.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2568
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Determination of Force Acting on the Rice Transplanter Finger CIGR Journal
Kumar, Uttam; Thomas, E V.
In order to measure the forces acting on a fixed fork type transplanting finger during separation of rice seedlings a laboratory model transplanter was developed. It was equipped with transducers to measure the forces and to measure the speed of rotation of the crank that give motion to the finger. The nursery seed rate was varied from 0.35 to 1.15 kg/m2. Planting velocity varied from 0.29 to 0.55 m/s. Average tangential force on the finger had minimum and maximum magnitudes of 3.68 N and 4.70 N, respectively for 15 mm mat and 3.10 N and 5.32 N, respectively for 20 mm mat. However, one millisecond peak value of the resultant forces had a maximum value of 28.3 N and 29.7 N for 15 mm and 20 mm mats respectively. These values can be used for calculating the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm Implements and Equipments Rice Transplanter Fixed Fork Type Finger Seedling Mat Planting Velocity Seedling Separation Force.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2980
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An improved IAR sorghum thresher CIGR Journal
Sale, Nura Alhaji; Muhammed, U. S; Dalha, I. B.; Idris, S. I..
Nigeria is the one of the major sorghum producing countries in the world with annual yield over Six million tons, however, threshing and cleaning of sorghum have remain serious problems to farmers due to high drudgery involve in traditional method. This shows that a little mechanization exist in post- harvest operation of such crop and affect the production. To address such problems, IAR sorghum thresher was developed at the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Samaru, Zaria. Complete randomize design was used as the experimental design with three replications. The effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables was determined using ANOVA. The results showed that the moisture content is highly significance on the threshing and cleaning...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Farm power and Machinery development; IAR; Sorghum thresher.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3901
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Productivity and quality analysis of selected boreholes in Osun and Kwara States, Nigeria CIGR Journal
Kamorudeen Olaniyi Yusuf; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abdulkabir Mobolaji Ibrahim; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; John Olutobi Famakinwa; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
A study was conducted on the productivity and quality analysis of borehole water in Offa and Erin-Ile in Kwara State, and in Ilesa and Osogbo in Osun State, Nigeria.  Productivity of the borehole was carried out by pumping test to determine the discharge from the boreholes sampled.  Data about the boreholes were obtained from Hydrology Department of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority Ilorin, Kwara State (LNRBDA) and Rural Water and Environmental Sanitation Agency in Osun State (RUWESA).  Ten boreholes were sampled in Offa out of which seven were working.  Five boreholes in Erin – Ile were sampled out of which four were functional.  21 boreholes were sampled in Ilesa but only thirteen were working and three boreholes in Osogbo but only one...
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Borehole; Water quality; Productivity of borehole; Aquifers; Transmissibility.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2141
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Development and evaluation of metal rolling machine for small-scale manufacturers CIGR Journal
Bello, Segun Raphael.
 The global drive toward intermediate technology and sustainable development motivated the development of sheet metal rolling machines for small-scale artisanal manufacturers.  This paper presents the design, construction and evaluation of a sheet metal rolling machine for small-scale enterprises.  The machine consists of three rollers; a rigid forming roller, a free floating roller and a drive roller arranged triangularly with two handles for shape-rolling.  The rollers were made of galvanized metal pipe, 1,050 mm long, 76 mm diameter, each approximately, 3 mm thickness; a driving shaft 1,220 mm long, 16.6 mm diameter and 4 pieces of mild steel washers to provide support to shaft and also to limit the bending stress on the rollers.  The entire system is...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Wood products.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1759
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Soil water storage and its temporal association with other water-atmospheric variables in a tomato field under different irrigation regimes CIGR Journal
Abegunrin, Toyin Peter; Adesina, Adetunji Emmanuel; Awe, Gabriel Oladele; Ojo, Olumiyiwa Idowu.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimes on soil water dynamics and temporal associations with other water-atmospheric variables in a tomato field under different drip irrigation regimes in southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was 3 x 3 randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot arrangement of treatments in three replicates. Irrigation frequencies of applying water every 7, 5 and 3 days designated as F1, F2, and F3, respectively serve as the main plot of the experiment while irrigation depth of 100, 75 and 50% of crop water requirement ( ) designated as D1, D2 and D3 are the sub-plots. During the growing season, soil water storage (SWS) was monitored in soil depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm using...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Irrigation Engineering; Soil Science; Soil Physics Agriculture Soil water status; Classical regression; State-time analysis; Irrigation frequency irrigation depth.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4726
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SOME ENERGY PROPERTIES OF NON-TIMBER FOREST TREE RESIDUES FOR FUEL CIGR Journal
Simoyan, Kayode Joshua; Egbu, Chibuzor P.; Fasina, Oladiran O.
A study was undertaken to determine some energy properties of three non-timber forest tree residues: Bush Mango (Irvingia), Achi (Brachystegia eurycoma) and Para Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) shells for fuel. The ultimate properties (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur and Nitrogen contents) of the ground shells were determined. The proximate properties determined were volatile matter, ash and fixed Carbon contents, and calorific values. The shells for the three samples were reduced with a hammer mill to 1.00 mm, 2.00 mm and 4.75 mm particle sizes. The mean of the energy properties of the samples were compared using the New Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine if there were significant differences at (P ≤ 0.05). Results obtained showed that Irvingia...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Bioenergy Biomass; Biomass fuel; Calorific value; Residues and energy properties.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/4075
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Effect of different tillage and residue management practices on growth and yield of corn cultivation in Thailand CIGR Journal
Sornpoon, Wlaiwan; Jayasuriya, Hemantha P. W..
The tillage and residue management during soil bed preparation need to be in appropriate manner for sustainable farming practice.  The effects of tillage and residue management methods on corn cropping were studied on loamy soil in Bangrakum district, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.  The effects of five commonly used tillage methods: subsoiler tillage (ST), three methods of conventional tillage (CT1, CT2 and CT3), no-tillage (NT), as main factors and two corn residue management methods; burned (R1) and unburned (R2), as sub-factors were studied in a randomized strip plot configuration.  Tillage treatment showed significant effect on physical and chemical soil properties, plant growth and development, grain yield, total aboveground biomass and most...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Tillage optimization Tillage; No-tillage; Emergence; Compaction; Subsoiler; Biomass.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2235
Registros recuperados: 70
Primeira ... 1234 ... Última
 

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