Consulta: creatorFacets:"Boisvert,   Richard N."
Registros recuperados: 47
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 06:33:48

Multifunctional Agriculture and Domestic/International Policy Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Boisvert,   Richard N.
The concept of multifunctionality, in which agriculture is viewed as a source of both commodity and non-commodity outputs, has stimulated debate on the desirability of further trade liberalization. We explore the economics of multifunctionality and its policy implications. We argue for a new policy approach in which land and natural resource managers are remunerated for positive non-commodity outputs and penalized for negative outputs. This would require devolution in policy implementation from the centre to the local level. Such an approach would permit countries to achieve broader social objectives, while at the same time continuing to pursue trade liberalization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic policy; Multifunctionality; Trade policy; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23910

A HEDONIC APPROACH TO ESTIMATING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS FOR NEW YORK MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A hedonic cost function is used to isolate the operation and maintenance costs for water treatments.  For small systems, costs are substantial for some technologies, but not for others.  When regional differences in input costs are accounted for, small systems located in rural areas may have a cost advantage over similar systems closer to urban centers; however, costs of water treatment to meet Safe Drinking Water Act amendments may still be substantial.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31560

A COMPARISON OF RISK EFFICIENCY CRITERIA IN EVALUATING GROUNDNUT PERFORMANCE IN DROUGHT-PRONE AREAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Elizabeth; Boisvert,   Richard N.
This paper contributes to an evaluation of the performance of ground nuts in drought-prone areas by estimating yield response functions to water from experimental data. They are combined with meteorological data to simulate yields by location. Efficient genotypes are identified by several risk criteria. Genotype rankings based on these risk criteria and simulated yields are different from those based on experimental data and plant scientists' traditional methods of evaluation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22997

DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES WITH EMPHASIS ON SIZE, WATER PRODUCTION, OWNERSHIP, AND TREATMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Schmit,   Todd M.
An understanding of the diversity of community water systems (CWS) in the United States is essential when evaluating the financial implications of the 1986 and subsequent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This diversity, in terms of size, primary water source, ownership, and existing levels of treatment, shape the nature of the technical, institutional, and financial issues that must be confronted in moving these systems toward compliance with SDWA regulations. This report provides a descriptive summary of these operating and design characteristics ofCWS's across the country. The data are organized to help provide a typology of representative public water systems that can be examined to better understand the regional effects of policy...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122989

“Open Markets” v. “Structured Bilateral Trades”: Results of Economic Modeling of Point-to-Point Source Water Quality Trading in the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Tianli; Sado,   Yukako; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Poe,   Gregory L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49509

ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY IN IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF THE EL ANGEL WATERSHED, CARCHI, ECUADOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Elizabeth M.; Lee,   David R.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
The objective of this paper is to address the problems of inefficiency and inequity in water allocation in the El Angel watershed, located in Ecuador's Sierra region.  Water is captured in a high-altitude region of the watershed and distributed downstream to producers in four elevation-defined zones via a system of canals.  Upstream and downstream producers face radically different conditions with respect to climate and terrain.  A mathematical programming model was created to study the consequences of addressing chronic water scarcity problems in the watershed by shifting water resources between the four zones.  The model captures the nature of water use by humans, crops and dual purpose cattle.  Its objective function maximizes producer welfare as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Water allocation; Efficiency; Equity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19742

Multifunctional agricultural policy, reduced domestic support and liberalized trade: An empirical assessment for Taiwanese rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Rice; Groundwater; Recharge; Taiwan; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91820

OPTIMAL LAND CONVERSION AT THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTERNALITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Jeffrey M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Bid-rent curves are incorporated in a stochastic dynamic programming model of land development around a city when farmland generates both positive and negative externalities. The model delineates how the quantities of land in various uses over time should depend on the relative social weights assigned to the competing agricultural externalities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21722

ALLOCATING LAND TO NEW YORK'S CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM TO MAXIMIZE NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaroszewski,   Laura; Poe,   Gregory L.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A programming model is used to assess the welfare effects of regional and practice specifications contained in New York State's Draft Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) proposal.  Net social benefits are nearly 75% lower than options that explicitly account for opportunity costs of production, environmental benefits, and participation response functions. Keywords: benefit cost analysis, conservation programs, participation, linear programming
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Conservation programs; Participation; Linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21882

The Conservation Reserve Program, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Household Technical Efficiencies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Using data from a national survey of farm households in the United States, this paper examines the effects of farm households’ decisions to participate in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and to work off the farm on the technical efficiency of farm household production. After controlling for the self selection bias in estimating the multiple output-oriented distance functions, results show that operators’ decisions to work off the farm (both separately and combined with participation in CRP) lead to higher technical efficiencies for farm household production— implying improvements in the resource allocation between farm and other productive activities by farm households. The technical efficiencies of household production of those farm households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Off-farm work; Household technical efficiency; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57034

CONTROL OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION THROUGH VOLUNTARY INCENTIVE-BASED POLICIES: AN APPLICATION TO NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN NEW YORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Peterson,   Jeffrey M.
A voluntary program is developed to achieve environmental goals through the self-interested choices of farmers under environmental risk and asymmetric information.  Farmers behave to maximize expected net returns, and environmental quality standards are formulated through chance constraints.  Because the government may not know each farmer's soil type, policy options must be self-selecting.  The model is applied empirically to nitrate leaching and runoff from corn production in three New York regions.  Asymmetric information between producers and the government would impose additional cost burdens on society, but these costs are modest in the context of other farm programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31421

CONTROL IN A DYNAMIC ECONOMY: MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CHINESE VILLAGE LEADER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Village leaders in the Chinese reform economy are assumed to maximize a multiple-attribute utility function; their behavior is modeled in a dynamic control framework. Using village data, structural and control equations for industrial output, grain yields, capital, non-farm employment and hybrid rice are estimated. Results confirm hypotheses that village leaders are preoccupied with rural industrialization but are also concerned about maintaining high agricultural productivity to meet grain obligations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6330

Analysis of a Re-Focused Agricultural Policy within a Farm-Household Framework Some Data Requirements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15727

A MODEL TO EXPLAIN PARTICIPATION IN NEW YORK'S AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS AND USE-VALUE ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Bills,   Nelson L.; Bailey,   Elizabeth.
Logit regression models are estimated to identify factors affecting decisions to enroll farmland in New York's agricultural districts program and participate in the use-value assessment program.  The results suggest that the districts law is consistent with preserving the best farmland at the rural-urban fringe and that the decision to enroll in agricultural districts affects in a recursive fashion the decision to participate in the use-value assessment program.  Short-term monetary gains are the overriding considerations in applying for use-value exemptions.  This may lead to additional erosion of the tax base via tax preferences for agricultural land.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28836

Does Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and/or Off-Farm Work Affect the Level and Distribution of Farm Household Income?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Since both release resources from agricultural production, it is not surprising that decisions to work off the farm and to participate in the U. S. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) are correlated. By incorporating these decisions into a heteroskedastic specification of a farm household income function, we identify their effects on mean income, as well as on the variability in income for groups of farm households participating in combinations of these activities. Our results indicate participation in CRP and off-farm work by the operator and the spouse increase farm household income, but these choices also decrease the variability in household income among participant households relative to that of other farm households with otherwise similar...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program; Farm household income; Income distribution; Off-farm work; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57035

VARIABILITY OF NEW YORK'S AGRICULTURAL USE VALUES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Bills,   Nelson L.
This paper compares two alternative estimates of agricultural use values in New York, one based on comparable sales information and the other on capitalized yearly income.  Emphasis is placed on the variability of the values over the 1973-83 period and its implications for taxpayer equity and the financing of local governments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28898

The Budgetary Implications of Reducing U.S. Income Inequality Through Income Transfer Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Ranney,   Christine K.
In this paper, we have recognized that the relatively constant inequality in the distribution of U.S. family income masks dramatic changes in the structure of the income distribution and the composition of personal incomes. Using relatively new procedures for decomposing the Gini measure of income inequality, we have gained a better understanding of the relationships among changes in the sources of income and the income distribution. This is facilitated through the use of data collected by the Census Bureau in the Survey of Income and Program Participation, which is the only set of data currently available that contains exhaustive lists of income and asset information at the household level. The empirical results are used in conjunction with data on...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123104

NY Pollution Discharge Elimination Permits for CAFOs, Management Adjustments and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Enahoro,   Dolapo K.; Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Weakening demand for livestock and dairy produce, historically high prices for feed ingredients and increasingly strict regulations on animal waste management continue to put significant pressure on livestock and dairy operating margins. In this paper, we use representative farm mathematical programming models to analyze important linkages between farm management adjustments and changes in farm income due to recent changes in relevant agricultural prices and restrictions on land application of nutrients.  We account explicitly for new restrictions on land application of nitrogen and phosphorus, and specifically applied to confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs).  Our mathematical methods and the distinctive data available allows for the assessment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAFO regulations; Nutrient management; Manure disposal; Mathematical programming; Environmental quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61143

Payments for Watershed Services: An Application to Irrigation Pricing in the El Angel Watershed, Carchi, Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vega,   J.; Lee,   David R.; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Steenhuis,   Tammo S.; Proano,   M.; Poats,   S.
Water scarcity is increasingly viewed as the principal constraint limiting agricultural production and human livelihood improvement in the rural areas of many developing countries. Policies that encourage more efficient and equitable water use - including the introduction of incentive-based water pricing systems - are an important challenge. This paper reports the results of a mathematical programming model which was constructed for the El Angel watershed in northern Ecuador with the goal of exploring the effects of several water pricing alternatives. The model incorporates farmers' crop and pasture planting and resource allocation decisions, based on maximizing regional gross margin subject to land, water, labor, seasonal, food security and other...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25655

TRADEOFF BETWEEN ECONOMIES OF SIZE IN TREATMENT AND DISECONOMIES OF DISTRIBUTION FOR RURAL WATER SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Schmit,   Todd M.
This paper outlines a method to determine the tradeoff between economies of size in water treatment and diseconomies of distribution.  Cost equations are estimated for several treatment technologies and distribution extensions.  Empirical results are used to identify optimal system size where average total costs are minimized.  Regardless of treatment, most costs are due to distribution.  As water systems expand service territories, only in the most densely populated areas would remaining economies of size in treatment outweigh the diseconomies in distribution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31572

THE EFFECTS OF TIME-OF-USE ELECTRICITY RATES ON NEW YORK DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schenkel,   Mark; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Recent concern among New York dairy farmers has grown regarding potential increases in energy costs as upstate utilities, under mandate from the New York Public Service Commission, move to time-of-use electricity rates. Furthermore, since it is often desirable to maintain relatively fixed intervals between daily milkings, farmers have expressed further concern about their ability to shift electricity consumption from expensive peak period hours to relatively inexpensive off-peak hours. To determine the effects of time-of-use electricity rates on New York dairy farms and to gain a better understanding of methods farmers can adopt to save energy, an empirical model estimating the time-of-day demand for electricity is developed. The parameters from this model...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123007

Does Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and Off-Farm Work Affect the Level and Distribution of Farm Household Incomes?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Using a national survey of U.S farm households, this paper investigates the interrelationship among the decisions to work off the farm by the operator and the spouse, and participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The effects of these three decisions on farm household income are also examined. By estimating a heteroscedastic household income function, we identify the effects of participating in these activities on the average level of farm household income and its variation within each sub-group of farms involved in the several combinations of activities.   Our empirical results support the hypothesis that participation in the CRP and decisions to work off the farm by the operator and the spouse are made jointly rather than independently. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21277

Achieving Environmental Objectives Under Reduced Domestic Agricultural Support and Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Application to Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
We focus on rice policy reform required for Taiwan's admission to the WTO, and examine the effects, theoretically and empirically, of the re-instrumentation of domestic policy needed to achieve environmental objectives when both positive and negative environmental externalities exist. Policies that treat non-commodity attributes in agriculture as secondary to existing aims, such as income support, are unlikely to result in the desired supplies of environmental goods. Those supplies can be achieved at lower government and social costs using policy instruments to achieve environmental goals directly. Results are relatively insensitive to the social values assigned to environmental goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO policy reform; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; Rice policy; Agricultural trade policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10201

Explaining Changes in the Distribution of Annual Dairy Farm Income over Time
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hung-Hao,   Chang; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Tauer,   Loren W.
This paper identifies factors affecting the distribution of farm income among dairy producers over time. Using data from participants in Cornell's Dairy Farm Record Program, we decompose differences of farm income distributions into those due to: differences in means of observable farm characteristics, differential marginal effects of characteristics and unobserved random error. The distribution of farm income is affected by factors reflecting the operators' experience and investment in human capital and indicators of management efficiency and level of capital investment. The marked changes in marginal contributions of these factors explain most of the total change in the distribution of income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farm income distribution; Decomposition; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6544

Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and Off-Farm Work: Implications for Farm and Farm Household Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Using a national survey of U.S farm households, we investigate the interrelationship between participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the decision to work off the farm. We go on examine the effects of these two decisions on farm and farm household efficiency and productivity by estimating stochastic frontier productions for farm output and multiple output-orientated distance functions that consider income from agricultural sales, the CRP and off-farm work as outputs of the farm household. We control for the effects of self selection in estimating both the frontier production and distance functions.   It appears that operators'’ decisions to work off the farm have led to significant improvements in household resource allocation between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21147

Explaining Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and its Effects on Farm Productivity and Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Chang,   Hung-Hao.
Using a three-stage sample selection model, we identify factors affecting the probability and level of participation in CRP. Statistical tests support hypotheses that off-farm work and participation in other farm programs are exogenous to the CRP decision. We compare the relative technical and scale efficiencies for CRP participants and non-participants.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CRP; Choice Modeling; Productivity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19321

Potential Cost Savings from Discharge Permit Trading to meet TDMLs for Phosphorus in the Passic River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sado,   Yukako; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Poe,   Gregory L.
We use the non-tidal Passaic River Watershed as a case study to investigate the size of potential cost savings associated with allowing phosphorus emissions trading amongst Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) to achieve a significant reduction in ambient phosphorus levels. To measure the cost saving, we specify a trading-ratio system similar to that proposed recently by Hung and Shaw (JEEM, 2005) that minimizes the abatement cost of meeting environmental standards. Because there are relatively few potential traders and abatement costs are relatively homogeneous across firms, the cost savings to the 22 municipal waste water treatment plants relative to the base case will be on the order of 7%.  We believe that these results fail to support efforts to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9758

BIOECONOMICS OF REGULATING NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER: TAXES, QUANTITY RESTRICTIONS, AND POLLUTION PERMITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Arthur C.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Soil specific, chance constrained, dynamic models of agricultural production and nitrate leaching are developed to assess the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer taxes, quantity restrictions on fertilizer or leachate, and leachate permits. A programming model uses the solutions of these bioeconomic models to determine regional impacts of the regulations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6850

Rural Utilities Service's Water and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant Program and its Contribution to Small Public Water System Improvements in New York State
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
TIrroughout the debate over re-authorization of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), it has been clear that members of both Houses of Congress are keenly aware of the financial burden facing the owners of small water systems in their efforts to comply with the 1986 and future amendments to the SDWA. The most reliable source of funds for drinking water and wastewater improvements for small systems has been the Water and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant Program administered through the Rural Utilities Service (RUS) of the USDA's Rural Development mission area. This report provides some background of the RUS loan and grant program. Specific attention is directed towards New York's Rural Development efforts where we develop small system cost models related to...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122990

MEASURING THE RISKS OF NEW YORK DAIRY FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Tauer,   Loren W.
Decomposition methods suggest major contributors to variability in returns to New York dairy farms are purchased feed quantities and milk production; milk price variability contributes substantially less.  Decomposing the Gini measure of income inequality indicates that milk revenues and purchased feed expenditures contribute most to farm return inequality over time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Variance decomposition; Gini income inequality; Dairy farm net returns; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21549

VALIDATING OPERATIONAL FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS AGAINST A DYNAMIC BENCHMARK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christiaensen,   Luc J.M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Food security indicators used in practice are static in nature, thereby foregoing the key dimension of food security.  This study develops an explicitly forward-looking food insecurity indicator and relative to this dynamic benchmark, we evaluate the performance of three readily available indicators: an agricultural production, a dietary diversity, and a coping strategy index.  Calculation of our "gold standard" indicator, using panel data of 274 households from Mali, shows that neglecting the future may lead to substantial underestimation of a population's food insecurity. However, when compared to our "gold standard", the alternative indicators all identify most of the food insecure, with the coping strategy index displaying the most predictive power....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21781

The Implications of Geographic Heterogeneity for Multifunctional Rice Policy in Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
Through empirical simulations of the Taiwanese rice market, we estimate the effects of agricultural policies designed to ensure optimal levels of two multifunctional outputs, groundwater recharge and methane emissions. The settings of policy instruments differ by region to reflect land quality and the conditions of the aquifers. The effects on rice production, resource allocation, and returns to farm assets also differ. Welfare gains are highest if transboundary costs of methane emissions are taken into account. National payments set as a weighted average of optimal regional payments may result in similar welfare gains at lower administrative costs. The costs of assistance measures to help farmers adapt to the impact of lower asset values are shown to be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25254

Selected Economic Aspects of Water Quality Trading: A Primer and Interpretive Literature Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Sado,   Yukako.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121835

NON-TRADE CONCERNS AND DOMESTIC/INTERNATIONAL POLICY CHOICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Boisvert,   Richard N.
In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on a range of "non-trade" concerns and their implications for the move towards freer trade. We review the basis of several of these concerns, focusing particularly on multifunctionality. The simple view of a fixed proportions relationship between agricultural production and non-commodity outputs, such as landscape amenities, is shown to be untenable. Nevertheless, policies to internalize the effects of multiple externalities and public goods must be selected jointly to account for any interrelationships among them, and/or the market goods from agricultural production. We argue that this requires a shift away from traditional agricultural policies with their commodity orientation, towards a new policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Non-trade concerns; Multifunctionality; Agricultural policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14615

INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION, AND LAND USE IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Mount,   Timothy D.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Rapid industrial development and urbanization transfer more and more land away from agricultural production, threatening China’s capability to feed itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of land use by modeling arable land and sown area separately. An inverse U-shaped relationship between land use intensity and industrialization is explored both theoretically and empirically. The findings highlight the conflict between the two policy goals of industrialization and grain self-sufficiency in the end. Several policy recommendations are offered to reconcile the conflict.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16051

DESIGNING NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION POLICIES WITH LIMITED INFORMATION ABOUT BOTH RISK ATTITUDES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Jeffrey M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A pollution reduction program is designed where information about both technology and risk preferences is asymmetric.  Program costs and the distribution of payments depend on the amount of information known to the policy maker.  Empirically testable conditions for self-selection are derived; the method is applied to reducing nitrate contamination.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20720

Optimal Voluntary "Green" Payment Programs To Limit Nitrate Contamination Under Price and Yield Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Jeffrey M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
A model of a voluntary "green" payment program is developed to control nitrate leaching and runoff from corn production in New York. The program achieves environmental goals through self-interested choices of farmers, grouped by the productive and environmental characteristics of soils. It considers randomness in prict}~, production, and environmental damage. Farmers are assumed to maximize expected utility subject to chance constraints on severe levels of nitrate contamination. This program compensates farmers for applying environmentally safe levels of nitrogen fertilizer. If information is symmetric, program participation conditions require that the post-policy expected utility is at least as large as pre-policy expected utility. Under asymmetric...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122687

Are Farmers' Decisions to Work off the Farm and Participate in the Conservation Reserve Program Independent, Joint or Sequential?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.
There is statistical evidence that decisions to participate in CRP and work off-farm are made simultaneously. Characteristics of households, farm operations other farm programs, and the local economies affect both decisions; some factors affect only one. Policy changes that affect one decision may affect another directly and/or indirectly.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CRP; Off-farm labor; Choice Structure; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19474

U.S. Policy for Agricultural Adjustment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Domestic and international factors may combine to stimulate change in US agricultural policies and reductions in the costs of support. This would create additional pressures for economic adjustment in the sector. Current U.S. agricultural policies are not oriented to facilitating such adjustment. A trade adjustment program for agriculture, recently included as part of U.S. trade legislation, continues the traditional focus on income support. We discuss the reorientation of existing agricultural policies to facilitate economic adjustment resulting from the reform of domestic agricultural and trade policies. We focus on measures to address three key areas: 1. asset value reductions; 2. human capital issues; and 3. persistent poverty. Estimates of costs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adjustment assistance; International trade policy; U.S. agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15771

ACCOUNTING FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF NONFARM INCOME ON FARM FAMILY INCOME INEQUALITY IN NEW YORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Ranney,   Christine K.
As the proportion of farm family income due to nonfarm sources continues to grow nationally, it is important to understand how farm families in various regions or states are affected.  This paper develops a better understanding of the contribution of income from nonfarm sources to the level and distribution of income among farm families in New York.  In analyzing income distribution, the Gini ratio is decomposed to determine the effects of  marginal changes in income by source to overall inequality.  The results are compared with the simulated changes in income inequality due to changes in income by source as measured by an "adjusted" Gini ratio which accounts specifically for negative farm incomes.  Differences in the policy implications from both...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28965

Quantifying the Contributions to Dairy Farm Business Risk: Implications for Producer's Risk Management Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Tauer,   Loren W.
The major sources of variability in net farm income on New York dairy farms over the past 10 years are identified using Dairy Farm Business Summary records. The most important source of income variability is the fluctuation in milk prices, followed closely by year-to-year variation in the quantity of purchased feeds. These results suggest that forward pricing of milk and feed purchases may be effective risk reduction strategies. Since a few farms have large cull cow sales, probably due to disease or other production problems, new insurance products to insure against disease may be useful to dairy farmers. It appears that older farmers are more successful in engaging in activities that increase diversification and reduce the variability in reductions in...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121879

Time-of-Use Rates and Electricity Costs of Representative New York Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisvert,   Richard N.; Bills,   Nelson L.; Middagh,   Mark C.; Schenkel,   Mark.
Electric utilities throughout the Nation are experimenting with strategies to reduce total electricity consumption or to alter the timing of electrical power use by their customers. This report focuses on one such strategy, time-of-use (TaU) electric rates, and the likely effect of this pricing option on the New York dairy sector. The purpose of the study is to assess the change in farm electrical energy costs when power is sold to dairymen at higher rates for periods of peak power demand and at substantially lower rates for off-peak periods. This study is based on the results derived from a farm-level, computer decision model which calculates farm energy consumption by major end uses--such as milk cooling and feeding--and by time of day. The model...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123083

THE DEMAND FOR FOOD GRAIN IN CHINA : NEW INSIGHTS INTO A CONTROVERSY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Mount,   Timothy D.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
There is a substantial controversy in the economics literature over the magnitude of the expenditure elasticity for food grain in China that is caused, to a large extent, by whether time-series or cross-section data are used in the analysis.  A set of reasonable elasticities for a complete demand system is estimated by using a panel of county level data in Guangdong Province for the last ten years.  The results show that food grain has a small positive income elasticity, implying that food grain is not an inferior good in China.  The reason that consumption per capita has not increased during a period of rapid economic growth in income is that the relative prices of the food and non-food substitutes for food grain have decreased.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31606

THE BIOECONOMICS OF REGULATING NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER FROM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION THROUGH TAXES, QUANTITY RESTRICTIONS, AND POLLUTION PERMITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Arthur C.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Agricultural production in the United States, through its intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer, has contributed to nitrate accumulation in groundwater. Concern over this contamination has led to increased public interest in schemes designed to reduce nitrate leachate from agricultural lands. This research compares the costs of alternative regulatory policies in an area of the Com Belt with those for an area of the Northeast. The bioeconomic models of agricultural production and nitrate leaching are used to compare alternative policy instruments. They include soil-specific leaching and productivity characteristics, variables for management response, the dynamic nature of nitrogen movement through the soil, and the stochastic influence of precipitation on...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122999

FACTORS AFFECTING PARTICIPATION IN THE MILK DIVERSION PROGRAM IN THE U.S. AND NEW YORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   David R.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Participation in the 1984-85 Milk Diversion Program (MDP) is examined through the analysis of aggregate state level data for the U.S. and county level data from New York.  Linear probability, logit and probit models of participation are estimated.  The empirical results are highly similar across models and identify the important determinants of farmer participation in the MDP.  Models explaining contracted diversion levels are also estimated but do not have the explanatory power of the participation models.  The implications of the results for the analysis of U.S. dairy policy alternatives are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28948

Dairy Farm Management Adjustments to Biofuels-Induced Changes in Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmit,   Todd M.; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Enahoro,   Dolapo K.; Chase,   Larry.
A mathematical programming model of a representative New York dairy farm is developed to identify optimal management adjustments to increased availability of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). While at current prices DDGS feeding is limited to dry cows and young stock, as prices decrease, DDGS in lactating cow rations increase from 7.4% to 20% on a dry matter basis. While expected changes in net farm returns are modest, more important is the consideration of changes in nutrient management practices necessary to deal with increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the animal waste.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production; Management; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51155

EXPLAINING THE DISTRIBUTION OF QUOTA RENTS FROM US CHEESE IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hornig,   Ellen; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
A theoretical model is outlined to illustrate how rents are generated from import quotas. The model is used to estimate rents from US cheese import quotas; rents are substantial. Relative rent capture by importers and exporters is explained by estimating an industrial organisation-type model. Unequal market power is important in explaining the distribution of rents between importers and exporters. Exporters tend to maintain price-cost margins and let importers capture a larger share as rent size increases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22500