Consulta: creatorFacets:"Sheldon,   Ian M."
Registros recuperados: 41
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 06:36:39

THE NON-NEUTRALITY OF WTO BORDER TAX ADJUSTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCISE TAXES UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Border tax adjustments for environmental taxes should leave imports of final goods unchanged.  If intermediate and final goods markets are imperfectly competitive though, non-neutrality can result.  Under Cournot behavior, an import tax equal to the environmental tax is too high, and under Bertrand, an import subsidy is the appropriate policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19673

Vertical Market Structure, Commodity Exports and Trade Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In the analysis of commodity markets, comparatively little attention is paid to the fact that commodity exports are intermediates that form inputs into the food processing and retail sectors in developed countries. Exporting countries correspondingly argue that access to developed country markets are determined by market structure characteristics of the downstream food sector. Given the vertical nature of these markets, they are most appropriately characterised by successive oligopoly and/or oligopsony. We explore trade policy issues facing commodity exporters, and show that the impact of tariff reform on commodity exporters is determined by the market structure characteristics of the downstream sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical market structure; Trade reform; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F12; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24754

TARIFF ESCALATION AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: HOW CAN MARKET ACCESS BE IMPROVED IN THE DOHA ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper explores the issue of market access where some developing countries export high-value processed goods and others export raw commodities. The results show that market access issues for goods entering at different stages of the marketing chain should take into consideration the potential existence of successively oligopolistic markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20156

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE IN PROCESSED FOODS: PATTERNS AND CURIOSITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Pick,   Daniel H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51211

VALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL PATENT RIGHTS FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Uncertainty of returns from marketing is an extremely important factor affecting the diffusion of a wide range of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Biotech companies face complicated choices in making decisions about whether to enter agricultural markets in different countries with their agricultural products. In this paper, we model these choices as a real option problem of entry decision solved at a micro-level by individual firms. The model is aggregated in order to reflect the heterogeneity of different genetic events, as well as different markets, in terms of their profitability. The solution to the model produces distributions of entry probabilities as functions of the functional forms (and parameter values) that govern the evolution of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Patent values; Agricultural biotechnology; Real options; Numerical simulation.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21982

ANALYZING VERTICAL MARKET STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve; Wang,   Humei.
A model is developed to characterize the vertically linked and concentrated nature of developed country food markets. This model is then parameterized and used to simulate the effects of varying food market structures on the benefits to developing country exporters of agricultural commodities from trade liberalization by developed countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20060

A CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE U.S. PROCESSED FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartman,   Darcy A.; Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper analyzes the determinants of variation across industries in levels of intra-industry trade (IIT) for a sample of 36 U.S. processed food and beverage industries in 1987, previous studies of intra-industry trade having focused on industry characteristics in the manufacturing sectors. The determinants predicted by IIT theory are measures of product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition; the results of this analysis indicate that IIT variation across the food and beverage industries is positively related to product differentiation, U.S. total trade, similarity of tariff barriers among trade partners, and economies of scope, but negatively related to industry concentration.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26561

EXCHANGE RATE MISALIGNMENT AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Guedae; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
Using a sample consisting of bilateral trade flows across 10 developed countries between 1974 and 1995, this paper explores the effect of exchange rate misalignment on the growth of agricultural trade as compared to other sectors.  Controlling for other factors likely to determine the growth in bilateral agricultural trade, the results show that long-run real exchange rate variability has had a significant negative effect on the growth of agricultural trade over this period. Keywords:  Exchange rates, misalignment, agricultural trade
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Misalignment; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21824

SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEANS IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
The paper models the distributional effects of partial adoption of genetically modified soybeans under the assumptions of imperfectly competitive markets and identity preservation requirements. Our results show the welfare costs of market imperfections and improve understanding the diffusion of innovation in agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20734

MARKET POWER IN THE WORLD MARKET FOR SOYMEAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Satish Y.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this article, the degree of imperfect competition in the world market for soymeal exports is estimated using a structural econometric model. The procedure consists of estimating a demand function and the industry first-order profit-maximization condition, from which an estimate of the degree of market power can be retrieved. Using a nonlinear three-stage least squares procedure, the estimate of market power shows that the world market for soymeal exports is perfectly competitive. The empirical results also indicate that this market was competitive even prior to entry by Argentinean firms in the mid-1970s.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31010

LOCATION OF VERTICALLY LINKED INDUSTRIES UNDER FREE TRADE: CASE STUDIES OF ORANGE JUICE AND TOMATO PASTE IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartman,   Darcy A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Tweeten,   Luther G.
The objective of this study was to determine the economic impact on the United States of removing tariff barriers on imports of concentrated orange juice and tomato paste from South America.  The study highlighted an agglomeration model of industry location recognizing imperfect competition and increasing returns.  The results were contrasted with those from a competitive model with conventional estimates of supply and demand elasticities.  Because the assumptions of the models differed, the results also differed.  The agglomeration model indicated that the United States would gain market share of production and processing with the removal of tariffs.  In contrast, the competitive model indicated that the United States would lose market share in production...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oranges; Tomatoes; Juice; Paste; Model; Agglomeration; Competitive; Comparative advantage.; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14580

A Model of Endogenous Market Structure, Innovation, and Licensing in Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Benjamin; Sheldon,   Ian M.
We develop a model of endogenous market structure and sunk cost R&amp;D investment that allows for the licensing of technology among competitors. Our theoretical model predicts both a greater lower bound to market concentration and higher levels of quality compared to the case without licensing. These result simply that in markets in which licensing and a symmetric R&amp;D costs are prevalent, such as the agricultural biotechnology sector, the ability to license technology generates more concentration among firms but also improves consumer welfare by incentivizing the production of higher quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61786

Climate Policy, Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness: How Might Border Tax Adjustments Help?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
In this paper, analysis is presented relating to the impact of border tax adjustments for climate policy on the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, and the related problem of carbon leakage.  While many of the economic and legal issues are not particularly new, climate policy does present some possible twists to the analysis of border tax adjustments when vertically-related markets can be characterized as a successive oligopoly.  Specifically, an appropriate border tax adjustment will depend on the incidence of a domestic carbon tax, the nature of competition in upstream and downstream sectors, as well as the basis for assessing the trade neutrality of any border tax adjustment.  If trade neutrality is defined in terms of market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon leakage; Border tax adjustments; Imperfect competition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; H87; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103207

THE IMPORTANCE OF AND ECONOMIC MOTIVATION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LICENSING OF BRANDED FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Casual empiricism suggests that the international licensing of the production and marketing of branded food and related products may become an increasingly important aspect of the globalization of the food industry, particularly in sectors such as soft drinks, brewing and confectionery products.  For example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola both license the canning and distribution of their final products in overseas markets, Anheuser-Busch and Miller license production of various of their beer brands whilst Nestle chocolate products are manufactured under license in the United States by Hershey.  The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, in Section 1 empirical evidence on the extent of international licensing is presented and evaluated.  In particular, due to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26487

ISSUES IN REFORMING TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Abbott,   Philip C.; Barichello,   Richard R.; Boughner,   Devry S.; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Choi,   Jung-Sup; Coleman,   Jonathan R.; Herrmann,   Roland; Kramb,   Marc Christopher; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Liapis,   Peter S.; MacLaren,   Donald; Moennich,   Christina; Morse,   B. Adair; Skully,   David W.; Sumner,   Daniel A.; Tangermann,   Stefan.
Contents:  The Economics of Tariff Rate Quotas and the Effects of Trade Liberalization; TRQs and GATT Rules; An Overview of Tariffs, Quotas and Imports Worldwide; TRQs in the European Union; U.S. TRQs for Sugar, Tobacco and Peanuts; Dairy TRQs in the United States; Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries; Management of Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan; Tariff Rate Quota Administration in Canadian Agriculture; The Case of Australia and New Zealand Facing TRQs; The 1999 WTO Panel Report on the EU's Common Market Organization for Bananas; Assessment
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14617

Pricing to Market, (Seasonal) Cointegration and US Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Yun; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper, we examine whether US exporters of agricultural commodities price to market.  Specifically, we estimate the fixed-effects model of Knetter (1989; 1995), and alternative specifications based on the use of cost indices, and seasonal and vector error correction models that account for the time-series properties of the data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pricing to market; Cointegration; US agricultural exports; International Relations/Trade; F12; L13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19377

EXPORT COMPETITION AND THE REMISSION OF DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper we consider the use of border adjustments to compensate exporters for domestic environmental taxes even when the environmental tax is imposed on an intermediate good.  Although GATT/WTO rules allow for border adjustments, there has been little analysis of them. A model of successive oligopoly is used to consider the appropriate border adjustments since many industries where environmental excise taxes are applied can be characterised as imperfectly competitive. We show that the border adjustment currently allowed for in GATT/WTO rules is, under certain circumstances, likely to be too low to maintain the competitiveness of exporters. In some cases, an export tax would be justified.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21994

EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE EXPORT PROMOTION STRATEGIES FOR BRANDED FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brenes,   Jose R.; Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This study examines the impact on export sales of various promotional strategies for branded food products in foreign markets. It is an empirical analysis using data obtained from organizations that administer the High Value Export Incentive Program (HVEIP) for branded food products, part of USDA's Targeted Export Assistance (TEA) program and its successor, the Marketing Assistance Program (MAP). To respect the proprietary nature of the data, the identity of individual firms and brand names has been deleted and products have been combined into two groups: (1) consumer ready and (2) intermediate.   Economic analysis reveals positive and statistically significant impacts of expenditures on television advertising and advertising in consumer-orientated print...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27180

ESTIMATION OF IMPERFECT COMPETITION IN FOOD MARKETING: A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN BANANA MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Satish Y.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Several studies have estimated the welfare effects of recent changes in the European Union's common policy on banana imports, based upon the assumption that the market is perfectly competitive. However, if the market is imperfectly competitive, predictions about changes in banana policy may be inaccurate. The objective of this paper is to estimate the degree of market imperfection in the German market for banana imports using dynamic methods. The hypothesis that this market is perfectly competitive is rejected, and, in addition, the degree of market imperfection is estimated to be higher using a dynamic model compared to previous static estimates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27899

THE SOURCE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Sources of heterogeneity within the process of R&amp;D investment, such as international differences in the maximum per-period rate of investment and level of regulatory uncertainty, offer a plausible explanation for US comparative advantage in biotechnology. Using dynamic stochastic simulation, the results presented in this paper suggest US biotechnology firms may initiate more R&amp;D projects, innovate earlier and more rapidly, persevere longer in the face of mounting R&amp;D costs, and successfully complete more R&amp;D projects than European firms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Biotechnology; Real options; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21508

A Model of Diffusion of Genetically Modified Crop Technology in Concentrated Agricultural Processing Markets - The Case of Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In the paper, a dynamic model of diffusion of genetically modified crop technology is developed and simulated using the U.S. soybean market data. The model accounts for factors specific to agricultural markets, such as oligopsony power and strategic interaction among crop processors, growers' characteristics such as adoption behavior, and identity preservation requirements. Simulation results show how these factors affect the magnitude and distribution of the potential gains from genetically modified crops.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology in agriculture; Soybeans; Innovation diffusion; Oligopsony; Genetically modified crop; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24872

ISSUES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO: AN INTRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31331

Climate Policy and Border Tax Adjustments: Some New Wine Mixed with Old Wine in New Green Bottles?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594

THE SOURCE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26019

The Biotechnology Sector: "Bounds" to Market Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper examines whether it makes sense to consider Sutton's "bounds" approach as a candidate theory for explaining the recent evolution of market structure in the biotechnology sector, and to speculate whether market structure will change if the industry begins to introduce second-generation GM products that are of more direct benefit to consumers.  A key result is that the market structure is bounded in the presence of endogenous sunk costs, implying care should be taken when inferring any correlation between R&amp;D expenditure and seller concentration in the biotechnology sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market structure; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6078

The Impacts of Labeling on the Production and Trade of Vertically Differentiated Goods with Process Attributes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Brian E.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
A model of vertical quality differentiation is used to analyze the introduction of continuous and binary labeling in a market for credence goods with process attributes under autarky and free trade.  The results indicate that continuous labeling increases welfare under autarky and free trade so long as labeling is not too expensive.  With binary labeling, consumer welfare is increased if the standard is set above the level that would be chosen under continuous labeling under autarky.  In the case of free trade, the effects depend on whether binary labeling is harmonized or whether there is mutual recognition of different standards.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20451

IMPERFECT COMPETITION, TRADE POLICY AND PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: SOME INITIAL RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper applies some recent developments in international trade theory to processed agricultural product markets.  Theoretical results are derived showing that when such markets are characterized by imperfect competition, there may be a case for government intervention in the form of subsidies and tariffs.  In order to provide some empirical background, a simulation model is used to assess the level of an optimal tariff on U.S. cheese imports.  The implications of this analysis for the liberalization of agricultural trade are also considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26549

ANALYZING VERTICAL MARKET STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND MARKET ACCESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve; Wang,   Humei.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14600

THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON MICROENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Safavian,   Mehnaz S.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Graham,   Douglas H.; Gonzalez-Vega,   Claudio.
Over the past decade, the repressive legal and regulatory environment in transition economies has received considerable attention in the literature.  In Russia, this framework has resulted in an environment in which rules and regulations govern almost all aspects of economic activity.  The elaborate system of regulations with which firms must comply, in combination with a lack of accountability for regulatory enforcers, has created a corrupt cadre of government officials who frequently engage in rent-seeking behavior while monitoring and enforcing firm compliance.  The objective of this paper is to investigate the manner in which corruption affects micro and small enterprises in Russia.  Empirical evidence suggests that micro and small enterprises vary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20495

Estimating the Effects of U.S. Distortions in the Ethanol Market Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez-Gonzalez,   Ariadna; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Thompson,   Stanley R.
In this paper we assess the impact of the elimination of trade distortions on imports from Brazil to the U.S. For this purpose, we estimate a partial equilibrium trade model – an ethanol export supply function for Brazil and an ethanol import demand function for the U.S.-, based on annual data from 1975 to 2006, and use the results to compute a “back-of-the-envelope” measure of the deadweight loss derived from those trade distortions as well as one derived from producing the 35 billion gallons proposed in the “Twenty in Ten” 2007 State of the Union Policy Initiative assuming the distortions are not eliminated. Two-stage least squares is used to estimate both functions, the world price of ethanol being treated as endogenous. This paper supports the idea...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9802

EXPORT SUBSIDIES AND PROFIT-SHIFTING IN VERTICAL MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Pick,   Daniel H.; McCorriston,   Steve.
This study examines the interaction between export subsidies and profit-shifting in a vertical production system consisting of agricultural commodity production, and intermediate and final good processing, where the latter two stages may be characterized by imperfect competition.  Using a model with general functional forms for demand, comparative statics indicate that an export subsidy to an unprocessed agricultural commodity, under certain circumstances, can have greater profit-shifting effects at the final processing stage compared to an export subsidy targeted at the final processed good.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31151

THE ECONOMICS OF TWO-TIER TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughner,   Devry S.; de Gorter,   Harry; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper analyzes the economics of two-tier tariff import quotas (TRQs) and implications of alternative trade liberalization scenarios. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture had tariffs replace nontariff barriers as the protective mechanism while quotas ensured minimum trade flows. Our framework isolates the effects of changes either in the second-tier tariff, and first-tier tariff, or the quota. We show how market conditions or relative policy instrument levels determine which tariff or quota affects trade and domestic and world prices. Whether or not exporting countries have been allocated export quotas and the procedures for the distribution of the rights to export and import also influences the efficiency of TRQs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31326

Vertical Differentiation and Credence Goods: Harmonized Labeling and Gains from International Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Roe,   Brian E.
Using a model of vertical product differentiation, we show under what institutional circumstances welfare gains will be maximized as economies integrate and harmonize labeling and certification policies for credence goods.  Specifically, we show that harmonized mandatory, exclusive discrete labeling will not maximize the gains from economic integration, i.e., the choice of labeling regime can have a negative effect on market structure if firms choose to exit, reducing the range and quality of goods in the integrated market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical differentiation; Credence goods; Harmonized labeling; Economic integration; International Relations/Trade; F12; F21; L13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6340

MARKET STRUCTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONG-RUN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
A country specializing in a high technology industry may find that excess returns stemming from innovation are reallocated overseas as foreign-based multinationals access ongoing domestic R&amp;D through alliances with or acquisition of established domestic start-ups. Computer simulation illustrates this process in the context of the current US specialization in biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, market structure, comparative advantage
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market structure; Comparative advantage; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21835

Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade: Implications for Agricultural and Food Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopinath,   Munisamy; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Echeverria,   Rodrigo.
This article summarizes key insights from the firm heterogeneity and trade literature, the theme-day topic of the 2006 IATRC Annual Meeting, and draws their implications for the agricultural and food industries
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9349

BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS AND THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper examines the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite rapid adoption of GMOs by a few exporters, many importers have developed relatively restrictive procedures for pre-market approval of GMOs, and are introducing mandatory labeling. While exporters have yet to seek a ruling from the WTO on these regulations, a trade dispute over GMOs is likely to occur before too long. Exporting countries will likely argue that importing countries' regulations are too restrictive, given existing scientific knowledge of the safety of current GM crops, and that labeling of GM foods is unnecessary due to the fact that they are typically similar to their conventional counterparts. In response,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Regulation; Trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14594

THE ROLE OF PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES IN THE AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Donna; Unnevehr,   Laurian J.; Caswell,   Julie A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Wilson,   John S.; Otsuki,   Tsunehiro; Orden,   David.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14620

Off-Farm Employment Opportunities and Educational Attainment in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGuire,   William; Fleisher,   Belton; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55029

A MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: PATENT POLICY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper, peculiarities of the process of development of agricultural biotechnological innovations are considered, in particular the distinction between R&amp;D races for gene discoveries and subsequent competition for developing their marketable applications in the form of genetically modified (GM) crops, the results of which determine the payoffs of discovering a gene. A formal two-stage model is specified and analyzed with regard to how different patent protection regimes and other government policies affect firm's’ R&amp;D strategies and the welfare realized from an innovation. We find that different policy measures affect the outcomes of the two stages of biotechnological innovation differently, which leaves some ambiguity as to which patent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19802

Endogenous R&amp;D Investment and Market Structure: A Case Study of the Agricultural Biotechnology Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Benjamin; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Over the past three decades, the agricultural biotechnology sector has been characterized by rapid innovation, market consolidation, and a more exhaustive definition of property rights. The industry attributes consistently identified by the literature and important to this analysis include: (i) endogenous sunk costs in the form of expenditures on R&amp;D; (ii) seed and agricultural chemical technologies that potentially act as complements within firms and substitutes across firms; and (iii) property rights governing plant and seed varieties that have become more clearly defined since the 1970s. This paper adds to the stylized facts of the agricultural biotechnology industry to include the ability of firms to license technology, a phenomenon observed only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Licensing; Market structure; R&amp;D; Agricultural biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L22; L24; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107832

A CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE U.S. PROCESSED FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartman,   Darcy A.; Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper analyzes the determinants of variation across industries in levels of intra-industry trade (IIT) for a sample of thirty-six U.S. processed food and beverage industries in 1987, previous studies of intra-industry trade having focused on industry characteristics in the manufacturing sectors.  The determinants predicted by IIT theory are measures of product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition; the results of this analysis indicate that IIT variation across the food and beverage industries is positively related to product differentiation, economies of scope, and similarity of tariff barriers among trade partners, but negatively related to industry concentration.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31555