Consulta: subjectFacets:"C6"
Registros recuperados: 41
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 14:51:06

Implicaciones de NAFTA, TLCUEM y de la integración de China a la OMC en el mercado de la berenjena: una perspectiva de equilibrio espacial
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guajardo,   Ramon; Rios,   Maricela.
Este artículo estudia el impacto de NAFTA, TLCUEM y de la integración de China a la OMC en el mercado mundial de la berenjena. Los impactos son medidos en términos de cambios en los flujos comerciales y en los precios. Se especificó y estimó un modelo de equilibrio espacial con precios endógenos y se simularon escenarios alternativos: con y sin la operación de los tratados y la integración de China a la OMC. Los resultados mostraron que la operación de estos tratados crea desviación de comercio. Además, la integración de China a la OMC aun con libre comercio mundial no impacta al mercado mundial de la berenjena.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Modelos de equilibrio espacial; Mercado de la berenjena; Programación cuadrática; Liberación comercial.; Agricultural and Food Policy; C6; D4; F1; N5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57282

Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments – A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Ruben,   Ruerd.
Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Less-favored areas; Farm households; Poverty; Erosion; Micro-simulation; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q12; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25340

Food Quality Standards in Equilibrium Models: A Discussion of Current Modeling Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolte,   Stephan; Rau,   Marie-Luise.
Throughout recent year food quality standards have become a ubiquitous phenomenon that nationally and globally influences agri-food markets. With equilibrium models commonly used in the quantitative analysis of market and trade effects, we review possible approaches to modeling standards existent in the literature, elaborate the reasoning behind them and discuss their suitability to reflect "real world" situations. While the modeling approaches identified may respectively depict a specific situation, they may not be appropriate in others. That is they capture certain effects of standards only. With increasing ability to account for the various effects of standards, the modeling approaches become more complex and the data requirements increase.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality; Standards; Modeling approaches; Equilibrium models; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; F1; C6; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25653

Modelling the Impact of Decoupling on Structural Change in Farming: Integrating Econometric Estimation and Optimisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   Thia C.; Rehman,   Tahir.
Implementation of the Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy on farming in Europe is expected, and intended, to initiate structural changes in European agriculture. This impact of the agricultural policy reform will be triggered at the farm level with both up- and down-stream effects for agriculture in Europe. Modelling such a phenomenon is challenging. An integrated modelling approach, involving farm level optimisation models and exogenously estimated econometric models of farmer behaviour, is developed for Ireland; this framework is a general one and is applicable elsewhere. Entry and exit from farming, postulated as the main consequences of the policy reform, are estimated exogenously to determine their role in the allocation of farm labour....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Farm Level Modelling; Linear Programming; Succession; Labour Allocation; Agricultural and Food Policy; C6; Q12; Q15; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25271

Generating Global Crop Distribution Maps: From Census to Grid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Wood,   Stanley; Wood-Sichra,   Ulrike.
In order to evaluate food security, technology potential and the environmental impacts of production in a strategic and regional context, it is critical to have reliable information on the spatial distribution and coincidence of people, agricultural production, and environmental services. This paper proposes a spatial allocation model for generating highly disaggregated, crop-specific production data by a triangulation of any and all relevant background and partial information. This includes national or sub-national crop production statistics, satellite data on land cover, maps of irrigated areas, biophysical crop suitability assessments, population density, secondary data on irrigation and rainfed production systems, cropping intensity, and crop prices....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global; Cross entropy; Satellite image; Spatial allocation; Agricultural production; Crop suitability; Crop Production/Industries; C6; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25737

Applying Optimization to the Conservation Project Selection Process: A Case Study of Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Zhuo; Messer,   Kent D.; Korch,   Mary A.; Bounds,   Thomas.
This study presents a thorough discussion of the efficiency and effectiveness improvement from optimization models (Binary Linear Programming and Goal Programming), as applied to the Department of Defense’s Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative. The OM models can yield 21% and 19.1% higher benefit scores respectively, spending $13,013,473 and $31,463,473 less total acquisition costs. To achieve the same level of conservation benefits for the current rank based approach, the REPI would spend additional $20.1 million and approximate 50% of the budget. A counterpart of OM- the cost-effective analysis is observed to be inefficient when the problem becomes complex. In a real world of political environment of the conservation programs, we suggest a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103997

Prescriptive use of Environmental Indices: A "How To" Guide for Conservation Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cattaneo,   Andrea.
A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; H57; Q21; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24764

CAP Reforms and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Belgian Agriculture: A Malmquist Index Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coelli,   Tim J.; Perelman,   Sergio; Van Lierde,   Dirk.
Have the 1992 and 2000 CAP reforms had any discernable effect upon agricultural productivity? In this study we derive detailed information on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of arable farms in Belgium over a 16-year period from 1987 to 2002. Calculations are based on a carefully constructed high-quality detailed farm-level data set containing 1728 observations, involving over 100 farms in most years. Three output variables (cereals, other crops, other outputs) and four input variables (land, labour, capital and other inputs) are constructed, using multilateral Fisher index numbers where crop aggregation is required. The TFP measures are calculated using a Malmquist TFP index relative to a series of data envelopment analysis (DEA) frontiers....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reforms; Belgian agriculture; Total factor productivity; Malmquist index; Shadow shares; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; C6; D2; O4; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25472

Land Transactions in the North of Vietnam: A Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Hung,   Pham; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
The use of mathematical models to describe the interactions of variables is useful in modern management. In this paper, a 'mixed' model combining the knapsack problem, a household model and a form of spatial equilibrium model into a modelling framework is developed. The impacts of changes in off-farm wage rates, transaction costs in the rental market, the output prices of paddy crops, and land transactions were examined in the model. The simulation has led to the conclusion that the real benefits to farm households from land consolidation may not be apparent until the real opportunity cost of farm labour begins to rise. In addition, a reform policy in the administrative sector which encourages, not only the process of land accumulation and the rental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land transactions; Modelling; Knapsack problem; Vietnam; Land Economics/Use; C6; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25601

OPTIMAL MARKETING DECISIONS FOR FEEDER CATTLE UNDER PRICE AND PRODUCTION RISK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xuecai; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.; McKissick,   John C.; Turner,   Steven C.
In many parts of the U.S., beef cattle production is a large sector of the agricultural economy, yet few of the cattle are stockered; instead the production is focused on cow-calf operations only.  Restricting their operation to only the first phase of beef production may be limiting the cattle owners' profit potential.  This paper examines the opportunities for operators to earn additional profit from stockering cattle.  Using a representative risk-averse producer, a decision set with seven possible marketing strategies is elevated for the optimal decision in a Bayesian framework which allows for price and production risk.  We find that in many instances retaining the cattle for stockering is a superior decision when done in conjunction with specific...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle; Decision science; Estimation risk; Marketing; Livestock Production/Industries; C6; D2; Q1.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15442

An ex-ante analysis of distributional effects of the CAP on western German farm incomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deppermann,   Andre; Grethe,   Harald; Offermann,   Frank.
This study is concerned with measuring impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on farm income distribution of western Germany. Not only the sheer contribution of market price support and direct payments as a proportion of income is taken into account, but also the impact of support on production incentives. For this purpose, we apply a modelling system consisting of a partial equilibrium model and a programming model. Based on a comparison of Gini coefficients and a decomposition of overall inequality effects we conclude that liberalization of the agricultural sector leads to a more unequal distribution of family farm income in relative terms, whereas a liberalized market provides a more equal situation in absolute terms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income distribution; CAP; Farm Group Model; Equilibrium Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q12; Q18; C54; C6; D31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99428

Controlling Ozone and Fine Particulates: Cost Benefit Analysis with Meteorological Variability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Bergin,   Michelle S.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Russell,   Armistead G.
In this paper, we develop an integrated cost-benefit analysis framework for ozone and fine particulate control, accounting for variability and uncertainty. The framework includes air quality simulation, sensitivity analysis, stochastic multi-objective air quality management, and stochastic cost-benefit analysis. This paper has two major contributions. The first is the development of stochastic source-receptor (S-R) coefficient matrices for ozone and fine particulate matter using an advanced air quality simulation model (URM-1ATM) and an efficient sensitivity algorithm (DDM-3D). The second is a demonstration of this framework for alternative ozone and PM2.5 reduction policies. Alternative objectives of the stochastic air quality management model include...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambient air; Ozone; Particulate matter; Risk management; Public policy; Cost-benefit analysis; Variability and uncertainty; Stochastic simulation; Stochastic multi-objective programming; Decision-making; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q2; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10735

Optimal crop protection against climate risk in a dynamic cost-loss decision-making model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Sonia; Cerda,   Emilio.
Extreme meteorological events have increased over the last decade and it is widely accepted that it is due to climate change. Some of these extremes like drought or frost episodes largely affect agricultural outputs that could face a serious decline. Therefore, additional efforts on technology and adaptation become crucial to reduce the effect of climate change on agricultural production. Protection against adverse weather extremes is a significant component of risk management and large protection decisions need dynamic treatment, such as the vineyards or citrus protection against frost (Murphy et al., 1985), the water management for cereals irrigation in drought shortage contexts, the “options and futures” exchange markets decisions for major crops in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information value; Cost-loss ratio; Dynamic decision models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C6; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51702

Theoretical frameworks for a productivity and efficiency analysis of agricultural enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Babitcheva,   Tamara.
Das Hauptziel des vorliegenden "Discussions Paper" ist es, den russischsprachigen Leser mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Produktivitäts- und Effizienzanalyse der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen vertraut zu machen. In der russischsprachigen Literatur wurden und werden bis zu heutigem Zeitpunkt in der Regel bei der Analyse der Effizienz der Unternehmen, die Kennzahlen der Rentabilität verwendet, deren Bedeutungen nach den einzelnen Unternehmen oder ihren Gruppen verglichen werden. In dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Darstellung der im englischsprachigem Raum weitverbreiteten Methoden zur Effizienz und Produktivitätsanalyse. Die Arbeit ist so aufgebaut, dass zuerst die Unterschiede zwischen der Produktivität und Effizienz aus theoretischen Sicht erklärt und...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Produktivität; Effizienz; Indexzahlentheorie; Malmquist; Törnkvist; Fisher Index; Productivity; Efficiency; Index Number Theory; Продуктивность; Эффективность; Теория индексов; Малмквист; Торнквист и Фишер индексы.; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B4; C6; D2; O3; O4.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92170

A 2004 Social Accounting Matrix for Israel: Documentation of an Economy-Wide Database with a Focus on Agriculture, the Labour Market, and Income Distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.; Flaig,   Dorothee; Luckmann,   Jonas; Grethe,   Harald.
This document describes the Israeli Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year 2004, developed by the Agricultural and Food Policy Group at the University of Hohenheim. The SAM is a part of a larger research project which aims to analyse several economic, trade, and labour policies in the context of economic integration of agriculture between Israel and the West Bank. Data are obtained from various sources in Israel. Sources include the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS), the Central Bank of Israel (CBI), and the Israeli Tax Authority (ITA). Data from sources outside of Israel are used to fill-in some gaps in the domestic reports. External sources include the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SAM; IO Table; CGE; Database; Israel.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; C6; C8; D1; D3; D5; D6; E2; E6; F1; F2; H2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110156

Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez,   Ramon.
Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734

Forecasting World Crop Yields as Probability Distributions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferris,   John N.
Traditionally, agricultural forecasts, whether for the coming year or several years into the future, have been based on assumptions of normal weather and trend crop yields. That weather is seldom normal and that yields seldom fit trends are well recognized. However, relatively little attention has been given to projecting crop yields stochastically even though computer capacity and software programs are available to do so. One reason is that the task is more challenging than to assign standard deviations to various crop yields and simulate normal distributions using random number generators. For one, deviations of crop yields from trends may be correlated especially if the locations of the crops overlap such as is the case with US corn and soybeans. To...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop yields Crop yield correlations; Stochastic forecasting Econometric modeling; Non-normal crop yield distribution Risk assessment; Crop Production/Industries; C6; Q11.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25649

Impacts of labour on interactions between economics and animal welfare in extensive sheep farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosough Ahmadi,   Bouda; Dwyer,   Cathy M.; Erhard,   H.W.; Morgan-Davies,   Claire; Waterhouse,   A.; Milne,   Catherine E.; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata; Ringrose,   Sian; Goddard,   Pete; Phillips,   Kate; Stott,   Alistair W.
This study quantified interactions between animal welfare and farm profitability in British extensive sheep farming systems. Qualitative welfare assessment methodology was used to assess welfare from the animal's perspective in 20 commercial extensive sheep farms and to estimate labour demand for welfare, based on the assessed welfare scores using data collected from farm inventories. The estimated labour demand was then used as a coefficient in a linear program based model to establish the gross margin maximising farm management strategy for given farm situations, subject to constraints that reflected current resource limitations including labour supply. Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the qualitative welfare assessment...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sheep; Labour; Animal Welfare; Linear Programme; Livestock Production/Industries; C6; Q10; Q19; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91803

INCORPORATING RISK IN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem; Helmers,   Glenn A.
Using a non-parametric linear programming approach, our contribution is (1) to examine the impact of incorporating risk in efficiency analysis and (2) to compare the efficiency measures with and without risk for continuous and rotation cropping systems.  The model uses Nebraska cropping system data for the period, 1986-2000.  Results indicate lower efficiency gains are realized with the incorporation of risk.  The t-test at the 5% level of significance examining if efficiency measures are significantly different from one is also reported.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Efficiency; Non-parametric; Cropping Systems; Risk and Uncertainty; O3; C6; Q1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35063

The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.
The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome.  This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Devaluation; Sudan; CGE analysis; Inflation; Sudanese pound; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; A1; C6; C8; D1D5; D6E6; F1H3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112971

A Dynamic Risk Optimization Model for Evaluating Profitable and Feasible Water Management Plans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grove,   Bennie; Oosthuizen,   L.K.; Backeberg,   G.R.
Currently the South African government is advocating the cultivation of high valued crops and more efficient use of available water resources through the adoption o f more efficient irrigation technology and irrigation scheduling. A requirement of the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) is the compilation of water management plans. The main objective of this paper is to develop a multiperiod mathematical risk programming model able of assisting water user associations with the compilation of water management plans that are both profitable and feasible. Special care was taken to represent canal capacities and irrigation system application rates in the model. Risk simulation procedures are used to generate an appropriately correlated inter- and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Linear Programming; Risk; Irrigation; Feasibility; South Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25554

Abatement Cost Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Selection under a Stringent Climate Policy.  A Dynamic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper investigates the relative economic and environmental outcomes of price versus quantity mechanisms to control GHG emissions when abatement costs are uncertain. In particular, we evaluate the impacts on policy costs, CO2 emissions and energy R&amp;D for a stringent mitigation target of 550 ppmv CO2 equivalent (i.e. 450 for CO2 only) concentrations. The analysis is performed in an optimal growth framework via Monte Carlo simulations of the integrated assessment model WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid). Results indicate that the price instrument stochastically dominates the quantity instrument when a stringent stabilization policy is in place.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement Costs; Climate Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; C6; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6383

PMP and Uniqueness of the Calibrating Solution - Revision
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino.
This paper demonstrates the existence of a unique solution of the PMP problem when both observed output quantities and limiting input prices are taken as calibrating benchmarks. This version of PMP avoids the use of a user-determined small positive number ε originally introduced for guaranteeing that the dual (shadow) price of binding input constraints be positive. Furthermore, the paper shows how to obtain endogenous output supply and input demand elasticities that match available information about them in the form of previously estimated parameters for an entire region or sector. The framework is applied to a sample of farms also for the case that admits no production for some of the crop activities. The calibrating solution is very close to the observed...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming; Solution uniqueness; Supply elasticities; Calibrating model; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C6.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/200491

SOCIAL AND SCALE EFFICIENCY GAINS DUE TO VERTICAL INTEGRATION IN THE U.S. HOG SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helmers,   Glenn A.; Shaik,   Saleem; Atwood,   Joseph A.
Using a non-parametric linear programming approach, our contribution is (1) to examine if efficiency gains in hog production are realized due to vertical integration and (2) to demonstrate the efficiency gains that are realized are a product of economies of scope and scale.  The model uses U.S. hog sector data for the period, 1982-1997.  Results indicate efficiency gains are realized due to vertical integration and can be explained by scope and scale efficiency gains.  The t-test at the 5% level of significance indicates the mean overall efficiency gains; scope efficiency gains and scale efficiency gains are significantly different from one.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonparametric linear programming approach; Vertical integration; Scale; Scope; Efficiency gains; U.S. Hog sector; Industrial Organization; O3; C6; Q1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35143

AGGREGATION ISSUES IN THE ESTIMATION OF MALMQUIST PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaik,   Saleem.
The paper contributes by demonstrating the sensitivity of nonparametric programming productivity measures to the choice of model –time series versus panel models of Malmquist productivity, and to various levels of commodity aggregation compared to the traditional Tornqvist-Theil index approach employing U.S. state-level data from 1960-96.  To illustrate the sensitive of nonparametric programming productivity measures, we compare the implicit shadow shares recovered from the dual values of the Malmquist productivity and total factor productivity methods to the observed shares of the Tornqvist-Theil index for U.S level data from 1948-1994.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tornqvist-Theil Index; Time series; And Panel models; Malmquist productivity and Malmquist total factor productivity programming; Share-weights.; Productivity Analysis; O3; C6; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46553

Productivity Change in Polish Agriculture: An Application of a Bootstrap Procedure to Malmquist Indices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balcombe,   Kelvin George; Davidova,   Sophia; Latruffe,   Laure.
This paper employs bootstrapping to correct for bias and to construct confidence intervals for Malmquist TFP indices derived with DEA. It uses these results to investigate the productivity change in Polish agriculture during a crucial period of the country's transition to a market economy, 1996-2000, when Poland was preparing for accession to the European Union. The bias corrected estimates show regress in productivity at an annual rate of 4 percent. The confidence intervals suggest that between two-thirds and four-fifths of the sample farms (250) in different years might have experienced no change in productivity. The cluster analysis based on confidence bounds reveals three paths of productivity change. Farms which recorded an increase in productivity at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist indices; Bootstrapping; Poland; Farms; Productivity change; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12; C6.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24572

Calibration of an Agricultural Sector Model for the Region Khorezm (Uzbekistan) based on Survey Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mueller,   Marc; Djanibekov,   Nodir.
The paper describes the approach used for the calibration of a price-endogenous programming model, developed for the agricultural sector of the region Khorezm in Uzbekistan. Extensive datasets from farm surveys were used to parameterize the model, which nevertheless tended to over-specialization and failed in general to replicate the observed levels of primal model variables. Calibration of the model with “Positive Mathematical Programming” approaches was not satisfying as the additional cost terms introduced to replicate the observed situation were in many cases not plausible and deviated substantially from any available information on cost structure of the agricultural production activities in the study region. After revising the survey data it became...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply model calibration; Positive mathematical programming; Technology coefficient estimation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C6; C8; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50354

The 2005 episodes of the "banana war" serial. An empirical assessment of the introduction by the European Union of a tariff-only import regime for bananas.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The EU Common Market Organization for bananas has been generating international controversies since its introduction in 1992.  Many thought the 'banana war' had come to an end when, at the 2001 WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, a Decision was taken for the EU to introduce, no later than 1 January 2006, a 'tariff-only regime' which ' would result in at least maintaining total market access for MFN banana suppliers'.  However, proposals by the EU for a tariff-only regime have been rejected in a two-step WTO arbitration in 2005 because they were found not to satisfy this requirement.  On 1 January 2006 the EU unilaterally introduced a tariff-only regime.  The paper presents the main results of a modelling effort aimed at analyzing this policy issue.  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Q17; Q18; F13; C21; C6; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18854

EX ANTE NON-MARKET VALUATION FOR NOVEL PRODUCT: LITERATURE REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dofonsou,   Sika Gbegbelegbe; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
This paper provides a critical review of the literature on non-market valuation methods to estimate the welfare impact of novel products; it is the first study to assess both observed data- and perception-based methods as non-market valuation methods. Observed databased methods include budgets, regression, mathematical programming, and simulation. Perceptions-based methods include the contingent valuation method, choice-based conjoint analysis and experimental methods. Findings imply that the preferred observed data-based method to estimate the ex ante economic impact of a new technology on the welfare of the farm household is a combination of simulation and mathematical programming. The preferred perception-based method for estimating the ex ante impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Staff working papers; Dept. of Agricultural Economics; Internet publications; Purdue University; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B0; B4; C0; C6; R2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6327

Sequencing Renewables: Groundwater, Recycled Water, and Desalination
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roumasset,   James A.; Wada,   Christopher.
Optimal recycling of minerals can be thought of as an integral part of the theory of the mine. In this paper, we consider the role that wastewater recycling plays in the optimal extraction of groundwater, a renewable resource.  We develop a two-sector dynamic optimization model to solve for the optimal trajectories of groundwater extraction and water recycling. For the case of spatially increasing recycling costs, recycled water serves as a supplemental resource in transition to the steady state. For constant unit recycling cost, recycled wastewater is eventually used as a sector-specific backstop for agricultural users, while desalination supplements household groundwater in the steady state. In both cases, recycling water increases welfare by shifting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Renewable resources; Dynamic optimization; Groundwater allocation; Wastewater reuse; Recycling; Reclamation; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; C6.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103753

The diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in northern Thailand: Combining econometrics and agent-based modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schreinemachers,   Pepijn; Berger,   Thomas; Sirijinda,   Aer; Praneetvatakul,   Suwanna.
This paper studies the diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in a watershed in the northern uplands of Thailand by applying econometrics and agent-based modeling in combination. Adoption has been rapid by farmers in the central valley of the watershed, while farmers at higher altitudes, lacking transferable land titles that could serve as mortgage collateral, have been unable to obtain loans for greenhouse investment. The objectives of the paper are both methodological and empirical. On the methodological side, it shows that econometrically estimated models of farm household behavior are useful to design and to parameterize an agent-based model. On the empirical side, simulation results show that if mortgage collateral would not be required, then adoption in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation diffusion; Technology adoption; Multi-agent systems; MP-MAS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q16; C6.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50899

Modeling Risk Behavior of Agricultural Production in Chinese Small Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lu,   Wencong C.; Xi,   Aiqin; Ye,   Jian.
This paper analyzed Chinese small-scale farmer's response to agricultural risks by using MOTAD model. Based on the household's data from the two villages Wangjia and Damao in Zhejiang province, we established "representative rural household" for each of the sampling villages. The results show that farmers in Zhejiang are quite sensitive to agricultural risks. However, different farming systems, the ratio of agricultural income to total family income, as well as the size of arable land, differentiates their risk response. The decision maker's risk preference not only affects the type of agricultural activities and corresponding scales they selected, but also have further effects on the micro agricultural production structure and stable growth of household's...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farming household; Agricultural risks; Risk response; MOTAD Model; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; D1; C6; D2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25656

Optimal Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Multi-cell Aquifers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athanassoglou,   Stergios; Sheriff,   Glenn; Siegfried,   Tobias; Tim Huh,   Woonghee.
Standard economic models of groundwater management impose restrictive assumptions regarding perfect transmissivity (i.e., the aquifer behaves as a bathtub), no external effects of groundwater stocks, observability of individual extraction rates, and/or homogenous agents. In this article, we derive regulatory mechanisms for inducing the socially optimal extraction path in Markov perfect equilibrium for aquifers in which these assumptions do not hold. In spite of the complexity of the underlying system, we identify an interesting case in which a simple linear mechanism achieves the social optimum. To illustrate potential problems that can arise by erroneously imposing simplifying assumptions, we conduct a simulation based on data from the Indian state of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Property Resource; Differential Games; Groundwater Extraction; Imperfect Monitoring; Markov Perfect Equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; D0.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102502

A Watershed-Based Economic Model of Alternative Management Practices in Southern Agricultural Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Hite,   Diane; Intarapapong,   Walaiporn; Susanto,   Dwi.
We investigated the environmental impacts of alternative cultural practices within a watershed under different water quality standards.  We used experimental data on nutrient runoff to determine the optimal amount of broiler litter application in hay production in Louisiana.  To compensate for the lack of experimental data, we used biophysical simulation models to find the optimal combination of agricultural best-management practices in a watershed in Mississippi.  The results indicated that stricter environmental standards lower total profit potential and litter utilization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broiler litter; Cropping systems; Optimization; Watershed level modeling; Water quality; C6; Q1; Q25; D21.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43213

How Smart Should Farms Be Modeled? Behavioral Foundation of Bidding Strategies in Agent-Based Land Market Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kellermann,   Konrad; Balmann,   Alfons.
Land markets play a crucial role in agricultural structural change. Because the dynamics of structural change and land markets, respectively, mainly depend on the interactions between individual farms, agent-based modeling (ABM) has been established as a tool for understanding and explaining structural change and land market dynamics. This is particularly so because of ABM's ability to capture heterogeneity, non-convexity and dynamics. Unfortunately, the behavioral foundation of economic actors in ABM, i.e., of the farms, is often specified as ad hoc or simply based on "expert knowledge". In this contribution, the highly-detailed ABM AgriPoliS - which uses a myopic normative behavioral foundation - is coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Genetic algorithms; Land markets; Behavioral economics; Land Economics/Use; Q12; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25446

Aggregation and Calibration of Agricultural Sector Models Through Crop Mix Restrictions and Marginal Profit Adjustments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiborg,   Torben; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Rasmussen,   Svend; Schneider,   Uwe A.
All agricultural sector models must deal with aggregation and calibration somehow. The aggregation problem involves treating a group of producers as if they all responded in the same way as a single representative unit. The calibration problem concerns making a model reproduce as closely as possible an empirically observed set of decision maker actions. This paper shows how both calibration and aggregation are addressed through crop mix restrictions combined with marginal profit adjust-ments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Aggregation; Calibration; Crop mix; Marginal cost; Agricultural sector model; Agribusiness; C6; C61; Q1; Q11; Q17; Q18; R12; R13; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24567

Financing Agri-Environmental Programs in Poland: The Importance of Regional Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ziolkowska,   Jadwiga; Kirschke,   Dieter.
The main objective of the paper is to study the importance of regional preferences in financing agri-environmental programs. The analysis is based on results of a case study conducted in South-eastern Poland. As environmental protection in agriculture is complex and often considered in political strategies, it is worth analyzing the differences in perception of the respective environmental objectives from a regional perspective. Taking into account natural conditions and the economic situation in agriculture in the voivodship Podkarpackie, the question is, how regional objectives could be achieved effectively with a given budget. Using linear programming, we discuss in this paper, how regional preferences would guide budget allocation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programs; Environmental objectives; Linear programming; Budget allocation; Poland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q14; Q57; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25658

Oil and Agriculture in the Post-Separation Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which was signed by the government of Sudan and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) ended more than 20 years of civil war. According to the CPA, the Sudan’s government has 50% of the oil exploited from the wells existing in the south in addition to the oil produced from the northern wells. The latter represents about 30% of the total oil production in Sudan. In January 2011, the people in southern Sudan have voted for separation from the Sudan and in July 2011 the Republic of South Sudan was officially announced as Africa’s newest state.  Now the CPA period is over and the south possesses its entire production of oil, but need to use the export infrastructure that exists in the north to export it. For...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil; Agriculture; Sudan; South Sudan; Separation; CGE modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; C6; D5; D6; F1; F2; H5; N5.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122341

Who Replaces Agriculture's Contribution to Settlement in Lagging Rural Areas? An Integrated Input-Output and Dynamic Simulation Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopainsky,   Birgit; Buser,   Benjamin; Rieder,   Peter.
This paper develops an integrated model for analysing regional economic development and structural change in agriculture. The input-output method allows the detailed description of a regional economy. Based on this description, regional growth pole sectors can be identified that are potential leverage points for growth oriented development strategies. Dynamic simulation tests the long term effects of such a development strategy. Model results show that external demand is the main driving force behind regional economic growth. However, development strategies for lagging rural areas have to be coupled to development strategies for regional centres. Only if the rural areas surrounding regional centres become an important asset for the development of these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural regions; Economic development; Input-output; Dynamic simulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C6; R11; R15; R23; R58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24586

A Multifunctional Comparison of Conventional versus Alternative Olive Systems in Spain by Using AHP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parra-Lopez,   Carlos; Calatrava-Requena,   Javier.
Sustainability of agriculture is strongly related to the multifunctional role implicitly or explicitly recognized to it in the framework of the European Union CAP. This multifunctional role entails a multicriteria approach when assessing the performance and value for society of farming systems. Multicriteria assessment of agricultural systems is characterized by the existence of many criteria often conflicting among then, many stakeholders and decision-makers with competing interests, and lack of information. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multicriteria methodology that allows dealing with these problems, in a relatively easy, flexible and economical manner, and therefore it is a potentially useful tool in this field, although its application with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Integrated farming; Olive-growing systems; AHP; Multicriteria analysis.; Crop Production/Industries; Q50; Q57; Q51; Q56; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25417

Exploring Environmental-Economic Benefits from Agri-Industrial Diversification in the Sugar Industry: An Integrated Land Use and Value Chain Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roebeling,   Peter C.; Smith,   D. Mark; van Grieken,   Martijn.
The sugar industry in Queensland (Australia) is confronted with increasing economic pressure and environmental constraints. To explore whether agri-industrial diversification of the sugar industry provides a sustainable development pathway for the region, we develop a spatial environmental-economic approach that integrates a land use and value chain model with a hydrological model. Results indicate that agri-industrial diversification can lead to substantial increases in regional income, while at the same time increasing the resilience of a sugar industry facing decreasing sugar prices. Agri-industrial diversification drives land use diversification, which under current sugar prices does not lead to a reduction in sugarcane production. Water quality...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial economics; Environmental economics; Value chains; Agri-industries; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C6; O18; Q13; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25755