Consulta: subjectFacets:"Crops"
Registros recuperados: 124
Data/hora: 13/06/2024 03:42:04

Programa en Basic para la estimación del rendimiento climático máximo = Program in basic to estimate the maximum climatic yield
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Campos Aranda, Daniel Francisco.
En este trabajo se presenta un algoritmo computacional desarrollado para hacer expedita la aplicación del método propuesto por la FAO para la estimación del rendimiento climático máximo de cualquiera de los cinco cultivos siguientes: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), maíz (Zea mays L.), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) y trigos de invierno y de primavera (Triticum spp.). Tal método está basado en el criterio desarrollado por el Instituto Internacional de Mejoramiento y Recuperación de Tierras, de Wageningen, Holanda. El método se aplica mediante un procedimiento que estima variables y parámetros climáticos y del cultivo, por medio de una serie de tabulaciones; por ello, éstas se representaron mediante ecuaciones de tipo polinomial y senoidal obtenidas por...
Tipo: Artículo
Palavras-chave: Agroclimatología; Rendimiento potencial; Cultivos; Agroclimatology; Crops; Potential yield.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1754

Co-evolution of domesticated crops and associated weeds
Provedor de dados: 67
Autores: Guglielmini,Antonio C; Ghersa,Claudio M; Satorre,Emilio H.
Crops and weeds co-evolve in particular plant communities that are assembled in agro-ecosystems. In this essay we discuss the mechanisms determining this co-evolution and the processes regulating the success of individual populations within crop-weed communities as a starting point to evaluate and interpret which are the risks of promoting invasive species due to technological changes introduced into cropping activities. We follow a framework considering co-evolutionary mechanisms (namely, genetic variation, breeding system and selective forces) and demographical processes (namely, establishment, competition, dispersion) as a way to predict, not only how weeds will evolve in agricultural land, and thus how new problems for production of food and fibre...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary mechanisms; Demographical processes; Weeds; Crops.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2007000100016

Ocorrência de micorrizas vesicular-arbuscular em solos tropicais I: levantamento em latossolo amarelo.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: OLIVEIRA, E. de; SOUZA, P. de; DANTAS, M.; MULLER, N. R. M.
bitstream/item/60129/1/CPATU-PA48.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Planta de interesse econômico; Vesicular-arbuscular micorriza; Indigenous organisms.; Espécie Nativa; Latossolo Amarelo.; Ferralsols; Crops; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/379484

Avaliação de genótipos de sorgo cultivados em solo acido sob estresse hídrico.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MAGALHAES, P. C.; PAIVA, E.; ALBUQUERQUE, P. E. P. de.
bitstream/item/30643/1/Pesq.And.-11.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cultivo; Estresse hidrico; Acid soil.; Stress.; Sorghum Bicolor; Sorgo; Solo Ácido; Drought.; Crops.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/477087

Informações preliminares sobre a vegetação e espécies vegetais de valor econômico na área do Novo Paraíso-RR - Pólo Roraima.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RODRIGUES, I. A.
bitstream/item/57633/1/CPATU-PA140.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Planta de interesse econômico; Novo Paraíso; Roraima; Brasil.; Vegetação.; Amazonia; Crops; Vegetation.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/383512

Desempenho agronômico de hídridos e variedades de milho em diferentes épocas e espaçamentos: opções de plantio para a Região Sul
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MACHADO, J. R. de A.; GUIMARAES, L. J. M.; GUIMARAES, P. E. de O.; TRINDADE, R. dos S.
O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental da Embrapa Trigo, na safra 2017/2018, na forma de Unidades de Observação (UOs), com o objetivo de avaliar híbridos e variedades experimentais e comerciais em dois espaçamentos entre linhas e duas épocas de semeadura. As UOs foram implantadas em espaçamento de 80 cm e 45 cm, em duas épocas de semeadura, sendo a primeira em 19/09/2017 (semeadura do cedo) e a segunda em 24/10/2017 (semeadura do tarde) com colheita realizada, respectivamente, em 28/03/2018 e 25/04/2018. Foram considerados neste trabalho dados de produtividade de grãos (Kg ha-1). Por se tratarem de parcelas maiores, não houve repetição por tratamento, pois a intenção foi simular ao cultivo em área de agricultor. Observou-se que os híbridos...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Zea Mays; Rendimento; Grão; Produtividade; Crops; Grain yield.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1124593

Cultura da bananeira.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: GONZAGA NETO, L.
Apresenta a importância da cultura da banana na região Nordeste, seu manejo e pratica do cultivo.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Grande naine; Gros michel; Nanica; Nanicao; Pirua; Robusta; Valery; Pacovan; Cultivation.; Banana; Sistema de cultivo; Adubação; Desbaste; Manejo; Pratica Cultural.; Bananas; Fruits; Crops; Planting.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/132125

Processamento de aipim e mandioca-brava.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: OLIVEIRA, L. A. de; MOTTA, J. da S.; JESUS, J. L. de; SASAKI, F. F. C.; VIANA, E. de S.
bitstream/item/208034/1/CARTILHA-AIPIM-Luciana-AINFO.pdf
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Mandioca; Mandioca Brava; Colheita; Pós-Colheita; Harvesters; Postharvest systems; Crops.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1117995

Relatório técnico anual do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados 1979-1980.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: EMBRAPA. Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria dos Cerrados (Planaltina, DF).
bitstream/item/131339/1/relatorio-04.pdf
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: CPAC; Aspecto socio-economico; Cultura agricola; Brasil; Socioeconomic organization; Drought stress; Plant diseases; Diffusion of research.; Conservação do Solo; Deficiência Hídrica; Cerrado; Doença de Planta; Difusão de Tecnologia; Fertilidade do Solo; Manejo do Solo; Pastagem; Pesquisa; Recurso Natural.; Crops; Brazil; Pastures; Natural resources; Research; Soil management.; Soil conservation; Soil fertility.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/548378

Coleta de plantas de cultura pré-colombiana na Amazônia brasileira.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: LIMA, R. R.; COSTA, J. P. C. da.
pt. I: Metodologia de expedições realizadas para coleta de germoplasma: pr. 2: Trabalhos realizados na sede da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Coleta de planta; Cultura pré-colombiana; Coleta de germoplasma; Brasil.; Botânica.; Amazonia; Botany; Crops; Germplasm; Plant collections.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/385792

Recomendações para o plantio de sorgo sacarino.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BORGONOVI, R. A.; SANTOS, F. G.; SANTOS, H. L. dos; FERREIRA, A. da S.; WAQUIL, J. M.; SILVA, J. B. da; CRUZ, I.
Cultivares; Praticas culturais; Controle de pragas e doencas; Colheita.
Tipo: Circular Técnica (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Sorgo sacarino; Cultivo.; Crops; Sweet sorghum.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/476458

Níveis de tolerância das culturas e teores de sais no solo e na água de irrigação.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CORDEIRO, G. G.
bitstream/CPATSA/8761/1/INT38.pdf
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Tolerância ao sal; Soils.; Água; Irrigação; Planta; Salinidade; Solo.; Soil; Crops; Irrigation; Salinity; Salt tolerance; Water.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134096

Crops monitoramento de doenças: uma nova ferramenta para o manejo de míldio na cultura da videira.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: EMBRAPA UVA E VINHO; JAHDE TECNOLOGIA.
O Sistema Crops é uma tecnologia que apresenta, dentre outras funcionalidades, um módulo para manejo do míldio da videira desenvolvido em parceria entre a Jahde Tecnologia e a Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Este módulo, validado e aprovado pela equipe técnica da Cooperativa Vinícola Aurora, altera de forma inovadora a maneira de se monitorar e fazer o controle do míldio nos vinhedos. Os equipamentos utilizados permitem monitorar as doenças fúngicas, coletando informações através de sensores diretamente no vinhedo. Isso permite a tomada de decisão no momento exato para aplicar os defensivos. Conheça em tempo real, qual a probabilidade das plantas de videira serem prejudicadas pelo principal fungo que causa prejuízos na cultura da videira.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Manejo míldio; Doenças da videira; Monitoramento; Videira; Controle de doenças; Softpla; Sisalert; Fitopatologia; Míldio; Agricultura de Precisão; Fungo; Manejo; Crops.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1135197

Crop residues in sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: C.
Palavras-chave: Crop residues; Crops; Cowpeas; Grain; Agroecology; Cereals; Intercropping; Mixed farming; Soil amendments.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4194

Dryland Management Alternatives and Research Needs for Alfisols in the Semi-Arid Tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.A.
Palavras-chave: Tillage; Runoff; Sole cropping; Intercropping; Supplemental irrigation; Cropping systems; Genetic soil types; Crops; Infiltration; Minimum tillage.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4024

ICRISAT annual report 1981
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Millets; Chickpeas; Sorghum; Intercropping; Genotypes; Hybrids; Genetic soil types.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3975

Evaluation of chickpea genotypes for resistance to Fusarium wilt in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Neupane, R.K.
Palavras-chave: Genotypes; Chickpeas; Humus; Fungi; Legumes; Tropical zones; Diseases; Crops; Mass media; Land resources.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3337

Managing AGLN Crops in Rice-based Cropping Systems
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.G.
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Groundnuts; Grain legumes; Cropping patterns; Legumes; Cropping systems; Genotypes; Intercropping; Crops.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4101

Proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research needs and strategies for control of sorghum root and stalk rot diseases
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Tropical zones; Sorghum; Drought stress; Fungi; Pathogens; Genotypes; Carbon; Fungicides.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4164

Chickpea Variety Nabin (ICCL 81248)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Millets; Yields; Plant habit; Selection; Location; Tropical zones; Crossing over; Crops; Thinning.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4652

Occurrence of white grubs in groundnut crop in uplands of south Vietnam: a new report
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: G.V.R. Rao.
Palavras-chave: Animal developmental stages; Groundnuts; Integrated pest management; Biological interaction; Pesticides; Mangoes; Crops; Oilseeds; Castor (genus); Intercropping.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3179

Proceedings of the International Workshop of Pigeonpeas,Volume 1
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.( Editor ).
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Crops; Tropical zones; Grain legumes; Intercropping; Genotypes; Sole cropping; Root nodulation; Photoperiodicity.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4157

Proceedings of the international workshop on pigeonpeas
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.( Editor ).
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Crops; Tropical zones; Grain legumes; Intercropping; Genotypes; Sole cropping; Root nodulation; Photoperiodicity.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3972

ICRISAT annual report 1978-1979
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Intercropping; Sole cropping; Genetic soil types; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4153

Productivity of semi-spreading and bunch type varieties of groundnut as influenced by sowing dates
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Virender Sardana.
Palavras-chave: Sowing date; Rice; Groundnuts; Unsaturated fatty acids; Oilseeds; Transplanting; Yields; Summer; Fruits; Crops.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3354

Drought Research Priorities for the Dryland Tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: F.R.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Soil water; Transpiration (animals); Water balance; Weather hazards; Drought stress; Harvest index; Leaf area; Water potential.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4045

Diagnosis de Algunos marchitamientos del garbanzo
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.
Palavras-chave: Tropical zones; Crops.
Ano: 2023
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3939

Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Flours; Amino acids; Soyfoods; Proteins; Legumes; Groundnuts.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4088

ICRISAT annual report 1981
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Millets; Chickpeas; Sorghum; Intercropping; Genotypes; Hybrids; Genetic soil types.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4158

Pearl Millet Variety ICMV 2
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Millets; Grain; Tropical zones; Crossing over; Dormancy; Yields; Tillage equipment; Diseases; Crops; Resources.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3760

Distribution of relief seed and fertilizer in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.D.
Palavras-chave: Retail marketing; Weather hazards; Farm inputs; Tropical zones; Marketing; Methods; Crops; Biological phenomena; State.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3690

RELIEF OR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT?
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Longley, C.( editor ).
Palavras-chave: Cowpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Technological changes; Sampling; Tillage equipment; Early maturation; Weather hazards; Crops.
Ano: 2023
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3753

Crops of the West African Semi -Ar id Tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: A.H.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Photoperiodicity; Millets; Sorghum; Sole cropping; Sowing date; Potatoes; Curing (processing); Cowpeas; Yields.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3961

Chickpea Kabuli Variety ICCV 2
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Fungi; Tolerance; Tillage equipment; Tropical zones; Performance; Crops; Land resources; Yields; Quality.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3790

Collaboration on Genetic Resources
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Germplasm; Pigeonpeas; Millets; Genetic resources; Chickpeas; Genes; Quarantine; Gene banks; Germplasm collections.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4052

Diagnosis of some wilt-like disorders of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.
Palavras-chave: Fungi; Chickpeas; Rhizobium; Tropical zones; Diseases; Environmental factors; Dormancy; Stages; Crops; Harvesting.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4244

Plant Resistance to Insects in Sorghum
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: H.C.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Sorghum; Biological interaction; Animal developmental stages; Genotypes; Genes; Grain; Antibiosis; Eggs.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4662

Field Screening for Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants with Emphasis on Rice
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Weather hazards; Phenotypes; Tolerance; Drought stress; Genotypes; Breeds (animals); Pigeonpeas; Heritability.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3716

Future challenges and opportunities for agricultural R&amp;D in the semi-arid tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: J.G.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Policies; Private sector; Coarse grains; Genes.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4225

Fertilizer Use in Semi-Arid Tropical India
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Organic fertilizers; Crops; Area; Mixed cropping; Wheats; Rice; Millets; Fertilizer application.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4032

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT1983
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Tropical zones; Pigeonpeas; Genotypes; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Genetic soil types; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 1984
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3993

Rust of groundnut
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Groundnuts; Genotypes; Allelochemicals; Genes; Fungicides; Fungi; Pathogens; Diseases.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4166

Climate prediction for sustainable production of rainfed groundnuts in sat: crop establishment risks in the Anantapur region
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.M.
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Sowing date; Precipitation; Products; Cropping systems; Agroclimatic zones; Weather data; Soil water content; Yields; Crops.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4214

Grain Legumes in Asia
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Grain legumes; Groundnuts; Legumes; Rhizobium; Germplasm; Soybeans.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4023

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1978-1979
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Intercropping; Sole cropping; Genetic soil types; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3933

Sorghum root and stalk rots: basic disease problems. Summary and synthesis
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: L.K.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Tropical zones; Sorghum; Drought stress; Fungi; Pathogens; Genotypes; Carbon; Fungicides.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3171

International agricultural research on diseases caused by nematodes needs and constraints
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.B.
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Parasites; Biological interaction; Chickpeas; Yield losses; Millets; Plant production; Crop losses; Crops; Potatoes.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4179

Proceedings of the Planning Workshop of Regional Stakeholders on Increasing Livestock Productivity in Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems in South Asia
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Milk; Mixed farming; Crops; Farming systems; Milk products; Products; Statistics; Veterinary services; Land management; Livestock.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4199

Sorghum in the Eighties
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Crops; Tropical zones; Husking; Grain; Hybrids; Cereals; Intercropping; Amino acids.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3997

Legumes entomology
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Insecticides; Groundnuts; Natural enemies; Intercropping; Postharvest control; Breeds (animals); Crops; Legumes.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4087

Chickpea Kabuli Variety ICCV 5
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Proteins; Fungi; Tropical zones; Yields; Performance; Land resources; Quality; Research methods; Crops.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3792

Guidelines for planning local seed system interventions
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: R.
Palavras-chave: Advisory services; Seed treatment; Seed production; Seed storage; Cowpeas; Systems; Seed quality; Crops; Grain; Markets.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4149

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1982
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Research methods; Crops; Tropical zones; Pigeonpeas; Rhizobium; Chickpeas; Crossing over; Cooperation.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3992

Groundnut bacterial wilt in Asia
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.L.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Groundnuts; Genotypes; Bacteria; Germplasm; Breeds (animals); Pathogens; Yield losses; Electrophoresis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4204

Training Needs for Dryland Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Watershed management; Genetic soil types; Technology transfer; Tea (plant); Arid zones; Watersheds; On-farm research; Tropical zones.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4044

Towards Sustainable Sorghum Production, Utilization, and Commercialization in West and Central Africa
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Akintayo, I.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Sorghum; Grain; Genotypes; Cereals; Genes; Millets; Brewing; Biological interaction.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3711

RAINFALL PROBABILITY ESTIMATES FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS OF SEMI-ARID INDIA
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.M.
Palavras-chave: Precipitation; Selection; Seasons; Dry season; Wet season; Purification; Phenomena; Crops; Farming systems; Weather hazards.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3982

GIS Analysis of Cropping Systems
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.
Palavras-chave: Remote sensing; Cropping systems; Pigeonpeas; Wheats; Land resources; Systems; Crops; Land management; Hydrology; Crop modelling.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4666

Pearl Millet Variety ICMV 3
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Millets; Grain; Tropical zones; Dormancy; Yields; Tillage equipment; Diseases; Crops; Resources; Products.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3762

Chickpea Desi Variety ICCV 7
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Grain legumes; Breeds (animals); Tropical zones; Fungi; Yields; Research methods; Selection; Crops; Resources.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3776

Fertilizer Use in Semi-Arid Tropical India
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Jha, D.
Palavras-chave: Millets; Sorghum; Nitrogen; Crops; Hybrids; Organic fertilizers; Area; Mixed cropping; Arid zones.
Ano: 2023
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3755

Farmers' Perceptions of the Effects of Plant Diseases on the Yield and Nutritive Value of Crop Residues used for Peri-Urban Dairy Production on the Deccan plateau: Findings from Participatory Rural Appraisals
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: K. Rama.
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Groundnuts; Milk; Crop residues; Pigeonpeas; Rice; Grain; Millets; Feed crops; Crops.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4668

GIS application in cropping system analysis
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.
Palavras-chave: Remote sensing; Cropping systems; Pigeonpeas; Wheats; Land resources; Systems; Crops; Land management; Hydrology; Crop modelling.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4200

Diagnosis de Algunos marchitamientos del garbanzo
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.
Palavras-chave: Tropical zones; Crops.
Ano: 2023
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4154

ON-FARM IPM OF CHICKPEA IN NEPAL
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Pande, S.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Chickpeas; Integrated pest management; Boron; Pigeonpeas; Grain legumes; Legumes; Fungi; Cropping systems; Lentils.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3709

Proceedings of the International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Crops; Root nodulation; Grain legumes; Genotypes; Breeds (animals); Segregation; Photoperiodicity; Harvest index.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4161

Farm and village production systems in the semi-arid tropics of West Africa
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.W.
Palavras-chave: Sole cropping; Millets; Mixed cropping; Land resources; Tillage equipment; Manpower; Crops; Groundnuts; Sorghum.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4152

FARM AND VILLAGE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS OF WEST AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: D.W.
Palavras-chave: Sole cropping; Millets; Mixed cropping; Land resources; Tillage equipment; Manpower; Crops; Groundnuts; Sorghum.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3900

Crops of the West African semi-arid tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: A.H.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Photoperiodicity; Millets; Sorghum; Sole cropping; Sowing date; Potatoes; Curing (processing); Cowpeas; Yields.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4155

The use of crop combinations in reducing
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: K.G.K.
Palavras-chave: Soil degradation; Runoff; Watersheds; Land resources; Crops; Soil management; Investment; Precipitation; Solutions; Resources.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3156

Indian Prime Minister's Visit to ICRISAT Center 29 Aug 1992
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Public sector; Land resources; Crops; Wood.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4108

Performance of ICRISAT pigeonpeas in China
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Yang, S.
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Germplasm; Biomass; Soil conservation; Intercropping; Forestry; Wet season; Cropping systems; Legumes; Crops.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3339

An annotated bibliography of chickpea diseases
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Y.L.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Chickpeas; Fungi; Pathogens; Peas; Fungicides; Soil amendments; Diseases; Grain legumes; Biological interaction.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4151

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1983
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Tropical zones; Pigeonpeas; Genotypes; Chickpeas; Millets; Sorghum; Genetic soil types; Breeds (animals).
Ano: 1983
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3137

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1979/80
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Sorghum; Chickpeas; Millets; Intercropping; Genetic soil types; Genotypes; Sole cropping.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3974

Chickpea Variety Nabin (ICCL 81248)
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Millets; Yields; Plant habit; Selection; Location; Tropical zones; Crossing over; Crops; Thinning.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3850

Socioeconomic Constraints to Development of Semi-Arid Tropical Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: J.G.
Palavras-chave: Crops; Tropical zones; Genetic soil types; Millets; Sorghum; Manpower; Pigeonpeas; Grain; Markets.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3915

Agrometeorology of Groundnut
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Groundnuts; Drought stress; Mycotoxins; Genotypes; Weather hazards; Agrometeorology; Intercropping; Sole cropping.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4039

Rainfall probability estimates for selected locations of semi-arid India
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: S.M.
Palavras-chave: Precipitation; Selection; Seasons; Dry season; Wet season; Purification; Phenomena; Crops; Farming systems; Weather hazards.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4160

ICRISAT Annual Report 1982
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Groundnuts; Research methods; Crops; Tropical zones; Pigeonpeas; Rhizobium; Chickpeas; Crossing over; Cooperation.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4162

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PIGEONPEA
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: B.S.
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Crops; Legumes; Genes; Peas; Mutants; Grain legumes; Fungi; Cowpeas.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3959

Groundnut Rust Disease
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Groundnuts; Genotypes; Allelochemicals; Genes; Fungicides; Fungi; Pathogens; Diseases.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4048

Agricultural Markets in the Semi-Arid Tropics
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: M o h a n.
Palavras-chave: Tropical zones; Crops; Groups; Advisory services; Markets; Retail marketing; Grain; Market regulations; Millets.
Ano: 2023
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4657

ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1977 - 1978
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Crops; Pigeonpeas; Chickpeas; Sorghum; Millets; Genetic soil types; Root nodulation; Grain; Intercropping.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3918

Identification of photoperiod insensitive sources in the world collection of pigeonpea at ICRISAT
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Upadhyaya, H.D.,( Hari D. Upadhyaya ).
Palavras-chave: Photoperiodicity; Pigeonpeas; Germplasm; Gene banks; Field crops; Cropping systems; Humus; Tropical zones; Crops; Sets.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3286

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FARMING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 30
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Systems; Fallow systems; Cropping patterns; Millets; Runoff; Crops; Tropical zones; Precipitation.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3968

Implications of weeds of genus euphorbia for crop production: a review
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Tanveer,A.; Khaliq,A.; Javaid,M.M.; Chaudhry,M.N.; Awan,I.
The genus Euphorbia comprises about 2000 species ranging from annuals to trees, including C3, C4, and CAM species. Euphorbia species widely studied in agriculture includes E. antiquorum, E. carollata, E. dentata, E. dracunculoides, E. esula, E. geniculata, E. granulata, E. helioscopia, E. heterophylla, E. hierosolymitana, E. hirta, E. maculata, E. microphylla, E. nerifolia, E. piluifera, E. pulcherrima, E. royleana, E. supine, and E. thiamifolia. These species have been reported mainly in field crops/vegetables, orchards, pastures, and rangelands. Euphorbia plants may present allelopathic effect over desirable cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, forage plants, and nitrifying bacteria, posing a serious threat to livestock production on open range lands...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competition; Allelopathy; Crops; Pastures; Livestock; Plant protection.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582013000300024

Adoption of Maize Production Technologies in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wekesa,   E.; Mwangi,   Wilfred; Verkuijl,   Hugo; Danda,   Milton Kengo; De Groote,   Hugo.
Maize is the major food crop grown in the coastal region of Kenya and constitutes a major component of the diet of the population in the region. However, average yields are far below the potential for the region and low production levels create serious food deficits. Over the years, new technologies have been introduced but adoption has remained low, especially for fertilizer. This paper examined current maize-farming practices and technological and socioeconomic factors that influenced adoption in the Kilifi and Kwale Districts of the Coast Province, that together account for half of maize production in the region. The study found low adoption levels for improved maize varieties and technology, especially fertilizer, among farmers in the area. Farmers...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Maize; Crops; Innovation adoption; Technology transfer; Food production; Production economics; Production factors; Plant breeding; Fertilizers; Yields; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; E14; E16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56109

Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets examines the potential role that land ownership might play in determining the agricultural sector’s involvement in carbon sequestration programs. By estimating the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural producers who own most of the land they operate, this report finds that land ownership should not be a constraining factor in agriculture’s ability to provide carbon offsets.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Climate change; Carbon sequestration; Carbon offsets; Cap and trade programs; Farmland ownership; Tenure; Farming practices; Conservation practices; Conservation Reserve Program; Crops; Livestock; Environmental services; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58994

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market, multi-commodity international FAPRI (Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute) model. The model incorporates the trade-offs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48598

Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurukulasuriya,   Pradeep; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This paper examines the impact of climate change on primary crops grown in Africa. An innovative approach is presented that bridges the gap between agro-economic and traditional Ricardian models. We label it a ‘structural Ricardian model’. It first captures the type of crop a farmer will select and then examines the conditional net revenue of that crop. The model is estimated using a sample of over 5000 farmers across 11 countries in Africa. The analysis finds that farmers shift the crops they plant to match the climate they face. Studies that fail to account for crop switching will overestimate the damages from climate change and underestimate the benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Crops; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56970

Drought impacts and potential for their mitigation in southern and western Afghanistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharyya, Kamal; Azizi, Pir Mohammad; Shobair, Sayed Sharif; Mohsini,   Mohammad Yasin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Rain; Water scarcity; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Crops; Forests; Pastures; Watersheds; Water harvesting; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92659

PESTICIDE TAX, CROPPING PATTERNS, AND WATER QUALITY IN SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shumway,   C. Richard; Chesser,   Rayanne R.
The impact of an ad valorem pesticide tax on cropping patterns and pesticide use was examined in the South Central Texas Crop Reporting District.  Output supply equations were econometrically estimated and used in the simulation.  A 25 percent tax on pesticide was estimated to have major impacts on cropping patterns and on pesticide use.  Assuming other input and output prices were unaffected, the supply of one important crop would fall by more than half.  Demand for some of the highly soluble and persistent pesticides, which present the greatest threat to groundwater quality, would also decrease substantially (some as much as 50 percent).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crops; Dual model; Pesticides; Water quality; Supply; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15433

Projeções do Agronegócio no Brasil – 2007/08 a 2017/18
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasques,   Jose Garcia; Bastos,   Eliana Teles; Dossa,   Derli; Silva,   Lucille Freire Da; Paula,   Ricardo De Almeida.
Este trabalho é uma atualização resumida do trabalho de projeções do agronegócio Mundial e Brasil que tem sido feita pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) nestes últimos quatro anos. O período do estudo é 2007/2008 a 2017/2018. O trabalho de projeções tem por objetivo fornecer subsídios aos formuladores de políticas públicas quanto as principais tendências de produtos agropecuários, para a tomada de decisão e para o delineamento de linhas de atuação, embasando e fortalecendo os instrumentos de política agrícola nacionais. Para o setor privado a importância do trabalho se dá no sentido de indicar como o governo visualiza o futuro das principais cadeias do agronegócio, além de oferecer os resultados das projeções a partir dos quais...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agronegócio; Brasil; Grãos; Carnes; Etanol; Agribusiness; Brazil; Crops; Meat; Ethanol; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108153

A financial analysis of the effect of the mix of crop and sheep enterprises on the risk profile of dryland farms in south-eastern Australia – Part 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hutchings,   Timothy R.
This study presents a method of simulating longer-term cash flows that reflect the cumulative effects of variation in seasons, prices, enterprise sequences and mixes and other management decisions. It can be used to develop full risk profiles on a whole-farm or individual-component enterprise basis for most dryland farms in southern Australia, at gross margin, profit or cash flow levels. This analysis concentrates on the cash flow implications of these various scenarios because cash flow is the indicator which includes all costs, and therefore demonstrates affordability and the long-term viability of the farm business entity. This study shows that the role of sheep in the mixed farming enterprise in south-eastern Australia is to reduce the exposure of the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Whole-farm planning; Cash flow; Sheep; Crops; Risk; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121467

Successful Community-Based Seed Production Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Designed to address the issues that limit the access of small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan Africa to quality, affordable seed of the crops on which they depend for food security and livelihoods, this collection of articles describes successful principles for and experiences in community-based seed production. Among other things, the manuscripts analyze current seed production systems and models; propose ways to design successful community-based seed production schemes; describe proper seed production practices for selected cereals, vegetatively propagated plants, and other crops; and outline basic business practices for seed producers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Seed production; Food security; Quality; Plant propagation; Crops; Models; Farmers; Partnerships; Small farms; Business management; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; F03; E10.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56188

Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive – particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392

Evidence of Scope Economies in the Australian Wheat-Sheep Zone
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Pauline.
Scope economies can be used in studies of farming systems to provide a measure of synergies between different farm enterprises and between activities within farm enterprises. In this paper, they are reported for farms in a benchmarking group in the Wheat-Sheep Zone in New South Wales, Australia, by estimating a stochastic input distance function and calculating an ‘economies of scope parameter’. Evidence is presented of scope economies between sheep and beef enterprises, sheep and crop enterprises, and beef and crop enterprises.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Australia; Crops; Livestock; Scope economies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36849

PREÇOS DA TERRA NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasques,   Jose Garcia; Bastos,   Eliana Teles; Valdes,   Constanza.
Este trabalho analisa o preço da terra no período 1975 a 2006, mas ocupa-se principalmente com o período mais recente, de 2000 a 2006. Para que o leitor tenha uma melhor dimensão dos preços de terras no Brasil, comparações serão realizadas com os preços de terras nos Estados Unidos em anos recentes. As principais fontes de informação são a Fundação Getúlio Vargas – FGV que fornece as informações sobre preço de venda de terras de lavouras, pastagens e preços de arrendamentos por estados, Regiões e Brasil e o Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA) que publica os preços de terras por regiões e estados. Complementarmente, são utilizadas outras fontes como a Secretaria da Agricultura e do Abastecimento do Paraná - Seab, através de seu...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Preço de Terra; Lavouras; Pastagens; Brasil; Price; Land; Crops; Pasture; Brazil; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106106

A hedonic approach to estimating the supply of variety attributes of a subsistence crop
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edmeades,   Svetlana.
The paper extends the household hedonic model, as a non-market valuation tool, by estimating a supply function for variety attributes of a subsistence crop in a developing country. The model is applied to bananas in Uganda, making use of disaggregated data on variety-specific farm-gate banana bunch prices and attributes. The hedonic analysis is applied at the farm-gate, the first link in the market chain, while accounting for the semi-subsistence nature of banana producing households. Within the framework of the agricultural household, where consumption and production decisions are non-separable, prices reflect the implicit marginal valuation of both consumption and production attributes jointly. The paper is motivated by the need to quantify the value of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Small farms; Households models; Agricultural sector; Crops; Economic aspects; Crop diversification; Variety attributes; Decision making; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55424

The Economics of Nested Insurance: The Case of SURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooper,   Joseph C.; Sproul,   Thomas W.; Zilberman,   David.
Traditionally, disaster assistance was available on an ad hoc basis, but the 2008 Farm Act provides a standing disaster assistance program known as Supplemental Revenue Assistance (SURE). This paper introduces a theory of nested insurance to evaluate the impact on of SURE on intensification, acreage and adoption. The results suggest that parameters of a government program like SURE may enhance the adoption and value of crop insurance to the farm sector. A quantitative understanding of the interdependencies between programs like SURE and crop insurance, taking into account the nature of the ad hoc alternative, is important in assessing the welfare impacts on farmers, as well as insurance companies. Both our theory and simulation exercise suggest that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nested insurance; SURE; Crops; Adoption; Ad hoc; Disaster assistance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61579

KRAM - A Sector Model of Danish Agriculture - Background and Framework Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiborg,   Torben.
A model of the Danish agricultural sector named KRAM (KVL's Regionalized Agricultural Model) is developed in this paper. KRAM can be described as a spatial, dynamic, nonlinear, programming sector model. KRAM's purpose is to make policy analysis in the complex market conditions Danish agriculture is working under today. In order to do this in the best possible way the model optimizes the production functions on a very disaggregated level. This allows for analysis of changes in physical constraints to production, as well as price changes. The model is capable of calculating some environmental effects of agricultural production, and provides detailed spatial description of the agricultural economy and production. The time horizon is 10 years, and the model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Positive mathematical programming; Dynamic agricultural sector model; Regions; Markov chain; Structural development; Crops; Pigs; Cows; GAMS; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18322

An assessment of crop water productivity in the Indus and Ganges River Basins: current status and scope for improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Xueliang; Sharma,   Bharat R.; Matin,   Mir Abdul; Sharma,   Devesh; Gunasinghe,   Sarath.
The Indus and Ganges River Basin, being the most populous in the world, is under extreme pressure to sustain food security. Production resources including water are being exploited to various levels from underdevelopment to heavy overexploitation. This report provides a bird’s eye view of the basin and focuses on the nexus between agricultural production and water consumption, making it possible to pinpoint the areas with high/low water productivity and identify the factors behind this, which helps to promote informed decision making in light of environmental sustainability.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water productivity; Crops; Yields; Rice; Wheat; River basins; Models; Remote sensing; Evapotranspiration; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112970

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ON LIVESTOCK AND LAND-USE MANAGEMENT: THE BORANA PLATEAU, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Kamara,   Abdul B.; Kirk,   Michael.
The Borana people are the predominant ethnic group on the Borana Plateau in southern Ethiopia. Though traditionally transhumant pastoralists, they have recently increased their reliance on crops. Rainfall in the region averages between 353 mm to 873 mm; variability is high, with coefficients of variation ranging from .21 to .68. Anectdotal evidence implies that the vulnerability of pastoralist households to drought is increasing; stock levels increase dramatically during good rainfall years but plummet when rainfall is poor, indicating that the drought cycle is becoming more pronounced. In recent years, there has also been a dramatic increase in land allocated to crops, and land allocated to pastures that are either privatized or accessible to only a small...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Borana Plateau; Land-Use Management; Southern Ethiopia; Livestock; Crops; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16083

Evidence of Scope Economies in Australian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Pauline; Fleming,   Euan M.
Scope economies can be used in studies of farming systems to provide a measure of synergies between different farm enterprises and between activities within farm enterprises. In this paper, they are reported for farms in three benchmarking groups in Australia by estimating stochastic input distance functions and calculating an 'economies of scope parameter'. Evidence of significant scope economies between sheep and crop enterprises, and between beef and crop enterprises, is presented and discussed. Similar evidence is reported between wool and lamb activities and wool and mature sheep trading activities within the sheep enterprise.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Australia; Crops; Livestock; Sheep; Scope Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5996

EVOLUÇÃO DA REMUNERAÇÃO  DAS PESSOAS EMPREGADAS NA CANA-DE-AÇUCAR E EM OUTRAS LAVOURAS, NO BRASIL E EM SÃO PAULO.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Rodolfo; Oliveira,   Fabiola Cristina Ribeiro De.
Este artigo analisa a evolução, no período 1992-2006, do rendimento das pessoas empregadas em empreendimentos cuja atividade principal é uma lavoura, destacando-se  cana-de-açúcar, banana, café, soja e milho, utilizando dados da PNAD. Verifica-se que o crescimento do rendimento dessas pessoas no período 2001-2006 está fortemente correlacionado com a variação do salário mínimo real. Em seguida, usando dados do IEA/CATI, analisa-se a evolução da remuneração obtida no estado de São Paulo, de 1995 a 2007, nas empreitas de colheita de cana, laranja, limão, tangerina, café em coco, café cereja e algodão. Esses dados também indicam crescimento das remunerações por dia a partir de 2001. Para a maioria das culturas analisadas observa-se uma tendência de crescimento...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rendimento de empregados; Lavouras; Cana-de-açucar; Café; Soja; Brasil; Earnings; Employees; Crops; Sugar cane; Coffee; Soybean; Brazil; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108922

Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability mapping
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriyagama,   Nishadi; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Chandrapala,   Lalith; Fernando,   Karin.
There is ample evidence to suggest that Sri Lanka’s climate has already changed. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared the country is to face such changes. This report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The study also developed a pilot level CC Vulnerability Index, which was subsequently mapped at district level. The maps indicate that typical farming districts such as Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Moneragala, Ratnapura and Anuradhapura are the most vulnerable to CC due to their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Rain; Water resource management; Crops; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94787

Land Allocation Effects of the Global Ethanol Surge: Predictions from the International FAPRI Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
We quantify the emergence of biofuel markets and its impact on U.S. and world agriculture for the coming decade using the multi-market multi-commodity international FAPRI model. The model incorporates the tradeoffs between biofuel, feed, and food production and consumption and international feedback effects of the emergence through world commodity prices and trade. We examine land allocation by type of crop, and pasture use for countries growing feedstock for ethanol (corn, sorghum, wheat, sugarcane, and other grains) and major crops competing with feedstock for land resources such as oilseeds. We shock the model with exogenous changes in ethanol demand, first in the United States, then in Brazil, China, EU, and India, and compute shock multipliers for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage; Area; Biofuel; Corn; Crops; Ethanol; FAPRI model; Feedstock; Land; Sugar; Sugarcane; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q17; Q15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6183

An Economic Valuation of Pollination Services in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barfield,   Ashley; Bergstrom,   John C.; Ferreira,   Susana.
The production of many crops depends on biotic pollination. As pollinator populations decline, assessments of the potential consequential loss of economic value are critical. We estimate the economic value of pollination services ($608 million), crop vulnerability ratio (21 percent), and pollination’s contribution to agricultural production value (5 percent) for Georgia.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Colony Collapse Disorder; Georgia; Bioeconomic; Value; Vulnerability; Ecosystem Services; Crops; Honeybees; Pollinators; Pollination Dependency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119780

A financial analysis of the impact of sheep on the risks and returns associated with mixed enterprise dryland farming in south-eastern Australia: Part II
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hutchings,   Timothy R.
This paper extends the long-term cash-flow simulations reported in Part I (Hutchings 2009) to include a range of seasonal scenarios at four representative dryland sites in south-eastern Australia. The effect of varying the proportion of sheep and cropping in the enterprise mix at each site on cash surpluses is discussed. The analysis shows that, for most sites, the cropping enterprises require better than average seasons, prices and water-use efficiencies to generate a positive cash flow and are subject to substantial variability and risk of loss. In contrast, the sheep enterprises show small but stable cash flows in all but extreme drought conditions. This paper emphasises the need to include site-specific, long-term variability and whole-farm costs in...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Whole-farm planning; Cash flow; Sheep; Crops; Risk; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121495

Yield Variability and Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Li,   Man.
We examine how changes in yield variability affect the welfare of cereal grain and oilseed buyers and producers around the  world. We simulate trade patterns and welfare for 21 countries with a Ricardian trade model that incorporates bilateral trade costs and crop yield distributions. The model shows that world trade volumes would need to increase substantially if crop yield variability were to rise. Net welfare effects, however, are moderate so long as countries do not resort to policies that inhibit trade, such as export restrictions or measures to promote self-sufficiency in crops. Low-income countries suffer the most from increases in yield variability, due to higher bilateral trade costs and lower-than-average productivity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crops; Geography; Grains; Trade liberalization; Yield variability; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55543

Importance of irrigated agriculture to the Ethiopian economy: Capturing the direct net benefits of irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagos,   Fitsum; Makombe,   Godswill; Namara,   Regassa E.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele.
Irrigation development has been identified as a means to stimulate economic growth and rural development in Ethiopia. However, little attempt has been made to quantify the contribution of irrigation to national income. Using data from selected irrigation schemes, representing small, medium and large-scale schemes of modern or traditional typologies; the present coverage and planned growth of irrigation, actual and expected contributions of irrigation to the national economy were quantified following the approach of adjusted gross margin analysis. Our results show that irrigation yields 219.7% higher income compared to the rainfed system while its current and future contribution to agricultural GDP is estimated to be about 5.7 and 12% although irrigation...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; National income; Economic growth; Crops; Prices; Sensitivity analysis; Crop management; Irrigation schemes; Ethiopia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61100

Retornos à escala e mercado competitivo: teoria e evidências empíricas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alves,   Eliseu Roberto de Andrade.
The paper develops the concept of return to scale at an elementary level, but rigorously. It is argued that constant and increasing returns are incompatible with competitive markets, because they imply the convergence to few firms, and this is not the case for the real world. The main point is that average cost curve has the shape of a U, and, without restrictions, the firms converge to the branch of decreasing returns. If on the real world is detected increasing or constant returns, it suggests that it should be looked for the market imperfection that are the base of them. And results of increasing or constant returns of econometric models must be taken as a sign of market imperfections. Yet the knowledge of the market imperfections is crucial to design...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Return to scale; Market structure; Crops; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56784

Programa de Extensionismo Agropecuario de la Secretaría de Fomento Agropecuario del Gobierno del Estado de Coahuila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez Aguirre,   Hector; Perez Mata,   Luz Elena; Godoy Avila,   Salvador; Reyes Lopez,   Alfonso; Valdes Rodriguez,   Victor M.; Prado Delgado,   Alberto; Lagarda Murrieta,   Angel; Castro Medina,   Ruben; Ramirez Contreras,   Carlos Efren.
The Secretaria de Fomento Agropecuario del Estado de Coahuila created at the express request of rural producers, the program of agricultural and rural extension, in order to lead the field a comprehensive system of technical assistance, supported by technology that generate research institutions , and backed by highly trained technicians, committed to sustainable rural development. Among the main objectives of the program in the case of crops, is raising yields and improve their quality, and in the case of livestock, increase productivity and maintain the health of cattle ranches. The extension program, began in 2006 with two specific programs: one in Cotton, in the laguna region, and another in Bovine, in 23 municipalities of the entity; for 2007, are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and rural extension program; Yields; Productivity; Health; Cattle; Crops; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48603

An Agricultural Statistical Profile of Bangladesh, 1947-1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Mohammad A.T.; Zulfikar,   Harry.
This is the seventh in the series of the Centre's publications providing specific and wide-ranging data on coarse grains, pulses, roots and tuber (CGPRT) crops in the humid tropics of Asia and the Pacific. The crop sub-sector dominates the agricultural scenario in Bangladesh. The greater uniformity of the landmass, the fertile alluvial soil and the tropical monsoon climate provide excellent conditions for crop production. If other things remain unchanged, agriculture will continue to play the main role in the growth and stability of the economy of Bangladesh for many years to come. This volume covers time-series statistics of Bangladesh on seventeen CGPRT crops plus two major cereals (rice and wheat) reporting area, production and yield at both national...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Crops; Farm area; Production; Crop yield; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32668

Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India Series 5; Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Strategies Issues in Indian Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Institutional reform; Surface irrigation; River basin management; Water transfer; Investment; Irrigation programs; Policy; Water users associations; Groundwater management; Groundwater recharge; Water supply; Drinking water; Watershed management; Crops; Crop Production/Industries; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118413

Final Estimates of Arkansas Crop Losses from Poor Harvest Conditions in 2009--January 25, 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hignight,   Jeffrey A.; Stiles,   Scott; Wailes,   Eric J.; Watkins,   Brad; Miller,   Wayne P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Arkansas; Crops; Disaster; Revenue; Loss; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q10; Q11; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57087

Sources of Agricultural Growth in India: Role of Diversification towards High-Value Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Joshi,   P.K.; Birthal,   Pratap Singh; Minot,   Nicholas.
This study examines the sources of crop income growth in Indian agriculture over the 1980s and 1990s. Using a method developed by Minot (2003), the analysis decomposes crop income growth into the contribution of yield increases, area expansion, price increases, and diversification from low-value crops to higher-value crops. The results confirm that at the national level, technology (higher yield) was the main source of crop income growth during 1980s, while rising prices and diversification emerged as the dominant sources of growth in agriculture during 1990s. Diversification towards higher-value crops such as fruits and vegetables accounted for about 27% of crop income growth in the 1980s and 31% in the 1990s. However, these national averages hide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crops; Income growth; Agriculture; Grain production; Agricultural research; Research and development; High value commodities; Crop yields; Prices; High-value crops; Decomposition; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58572

Use of crops and livestock futures contracts in portfolios: an analysis of feasibility
Provedor de dados: 123
Autores: Mattos,Fabio L.; Ferreira Filho,Joaquim Bento de Souza.
According to Portfolio Theory, by combining assets that show a correlation inferior to one (1) among their individual returns, it becomes possible to create portfolios that reduce risk without damaging expected return. Crop and livestock futures contracts and company stocks show such a characteristic, which signals potential benefits when forming portfolios combining these two types of assets. This investment strategy is not often utilized in Brazil. The purpose of our research was to assess whether such an asset combination is actually advantageous to those creating investment portfolios in the Brazilian market. Our evaluation used instruments of analysis developed by Markowitz in Portfolio Theory and data about the return from crop and livestock futures...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Portfolio; Crops; Livestock futures contracts; Markowitz.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032003000100001

Copper and zinc quantification in contaminated soil as evaluated by chemical extractants
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Silva,Maria Ligia de Souza; Trevizam,Anderson Ricardo; Vitti,Godofredo César.
Trace elements are potentially toxic to the environment. Their toxicity in soils relies on their type of chemical associations. Hence it is important to determine the chemical form they occur in the soils in order to assess their quantities. The objective the present work was to evaluate the possibility of using the concentrations of Cu and Zn in different soil fractions and the total concentration as predictors of their quantification by comparing the classical extractants DTPA, Mehlich-1 and HCl. Comparisons were made also with the concentrations of absorbed by rice and soybean in contaminated soil. Seven soil samples with a different degree of contamination were studied using a randomized experimental design, with four replicates. By using an ICP-OES we...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: DTPA; HCl; Crops; Mehlich-1; Sequential extraction.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162008000600015

Comparison of projection of distance techniques for genetic diversity studies
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Sant'Anna, Isabela de Castro; Silva, Gabi Nunes; Carneiro, Vinicius Quintão; Pontes, Daiana Salles; Nascimento, Moyses; Cruz, Cosme Damião.
The objective of this study was to compare different graphical dispersion analysis techniques in two- or three-dimensional planes. In this study, the data from different published works were used in order to determine the best methodology for analyzing the genetic diversity of different species. In this study, efficiency is measured by the amount of original distance absorbed by the projection of distances technique, which in the case of major components is equal to the amount of total variation originally available and retained by the principal components used for dispersion purposes. The projection of dissimilarity measurement technique, principal component analysis (PCA), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used. Considering the analysis by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive methods; Dissimilarity; Multivariate; Crops; Statistical.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/42483

Comparison of the Energy and Economic Balance of Crop Production
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Voltr, Vaclav.
The article deals with the connection between energy and economic indicators of crop production in the Czech Republic. Herein, a procedure for the determination of energy inputs and outputs from production based on soil-climatic conditions is outlined. For basic arable crops, other possibilities using the production in the energy sector as well as in relation to soil-climatic conditions are evaluated. The article reviews the production and economic parameters of crop production for potential energy use, such as natural production, energy production, electricity and operational profit. The maximum production parameters are achieved by sugar beet and, consequently, maize for silage. Other energy-efficient crops are alfalfa and clover, but with technological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Energy; Crops; Operating margin; Soil-climatic condition; Maise; Alfalfa.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5502

Development of a Multipurpose Small Scale Dryer for Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Owolarafe, Oseni Kehinde; Bello, Taiwo Kolade; Ogunsina, Babatunde Sunday; Falana, Olumide Babatope; Adetifa, Babatunde Olusola; Ogunseeyin, Obafemi.
A multipurpose cabinet dryer was designed, constructed and tested using locally available materials. The system comprises a heating chamber, heat exchanger, drying trays, 3-phase blower, three heating elements of 1800 W each, and a control box, which consists of temperature control, contactor, thermocouple, and circuit breaker. The dryer was evaluated based on power consumed, moisture removal, drying rate, and drying efficiency. The result showed that the energy consumed when drying plantain chips, moringa leaves, okra, and locust beans are 346.55, 55.92, 110.63 and 49.64 kJ, respectively. The energy consumed increased with an increase in the moisture removed and drying time. Similarly, the drying rate for plantain chips, moringa leaves, okra, and locust...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Small-scale dryer; Crops; Moisture content; Drying rate; Drying efficiency.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6687

Interference of soybean and corn with Chloris distichophylla
Provedor de dados: 64
Autores: Wandscheer,Alana Cristina Dorneles; Rizzardi,Mauro Antônio.
In nature, plants interact with each other and establish positive, negative, and neutral interference relationships. In agricultural ecosystems, crops are usually affected by competition with weeds, and the effects of this process are influenced by the plant population density and proportional abundance and by the species involved. The present study evaluates the competitive interactions of soybean and corn with Chloris distichophylla. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the University of Passo Fundo during the 2011/12 crop season: one experiment involving corn and C. distichophylla and another involving soybean and C. distichophylla. The experimental units were plastic pots, and the treatments were based on a replacement series,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Weeping fingergrass; Competition; Crops.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542013000400003