Consulta: subjectFacets:"F11"
Registros recuperados: 42
Data/hora: 02/06/2024 07:46:07

Effects of Price and Quality Differences in Source Differentiated Beef on Market Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
In order to estimate demand elasticities of source differentiated beef in South Korea, this study used the quantity of an endogenous demand system derived through maximizing the economic welfare of market participants including local beef consumers and local and foreign beef suppliers. The demand system is then weighted with respect to quality adjustment parameters to identify the effects of quality differences in source differentiated beef on market demand. As implied by the high relative price of locally produced ‘‘Hanwoo’’ beef, substitutability between local and imported beef is shown to be very weak and the own price elasticity of South Korean beef is shown to be inelastic. Related to quality differences between source differentiated beef, South...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; Quality complement; Quality difference; Quality substitute; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48752

STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE EFFECTS OF EXHCHANGE RATE ON IMPORT DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact the exchange rate has on local prices and import demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Direct and indirect effects; Korean beef market; International Relations/Trade; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56415

GROWTH PATTERN, SUSTAINABILITY AND TRADE IN A LAND CONSTRAINED ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irz,   Xavier T.; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper develops a two-sector model of growth where agriculture is considered explicitly.  Key features of the model include: the reliance of agricultural production on a fixed but degrading resource base, the use by the farm sector of industrially produced inputs and differing rates of technological progress in the two sectors.  On the demand side, the low income elasticity for food as well as the life-sustaining function of food consumption are recognized. In this simplified framework, the sustainability of growth can be related to the existence of a steady state reflecting the ability of the economy to feed its population.  This property is used to identify the characteristics within and outside of agriculture conducive to the sustainability of a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture and growth; Dynamic general equilibrium model; International Development; O41; O13; F11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21762

Determinants of Argentina’s External Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catao,   Luis; Falcetti,   Elisabetta.
Following the liberalization reforms of the late 80s and early 90s, several emerging market economies have experienced large and persistent trade deficits. This paper focuses on the Argentine experience, examining the extent to which trade imbalances in the 1990s resulted from income and relative price movements, as well as from shifts in foreign trade elasticities associated with structural changes. New estimates of export and import equations are presented using a broader set of variables than previous studies and distinguishing between intra and extra MERCOSUR trade. We find that considerable export sensitivity to world commodity prices, domestic absorption, and economic activity in Brazil, combined with a high income elasticity of imports, are key...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Foreign trade elasticities; International competitiveness; MERCOSUR; International Relations/Trade; F11; F14; F31.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44427

Enlargement of Trade Blocs: National Welfare Effects If Trade Is Liberalized
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Salhofer,   Klaus.
Small countries may benefit from the formation of a trade bloc, since their combined market power will enable them to manipulate the terms of trade. The question of interest is whether countries will benefit from the enlargement of a trading bloc, if trade liberalization induces countries to substitute domestic support measures for conventional border protection. The paper deals with this question by analyzing the conditions for positive welfare effects resulting from the enlargement of a trade bloc. Based on a partial equilibrium trade model, we consider a game in production taxes/subsidies between two trade blocs. The tax/subsidy instrument may capture the production effect which can be induced by a combination of environmental, health or safety rules....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalization; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D6; F11; Q17; C7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25529

The Export-Production Decision of Chilean Farmers: The Case of Blueberry Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Moreira,   Victor H.; Cortes,   Pedro.
This article analyzes the relative importance of producers’ attributes and farms’ geographical characteristics in the decision to produce an exportable good (blueberries) in the southern region of Chile. Using farm-level data, a logit model is estimated to identify factors influencing the export-production decision.  Results show that the probability of producing blueberries increases with the educational level of producers (a proxy for productivity), the presence of irrigation and drainage systems, and the availability of labor.  The last factor, which arises from the proximity to large and urbanized regions, has a stronger effect on the export-production decisions of Chilean farms than either farmers’ education or farms’ physical characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Export Production; Geography; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F11; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51025

An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516

A Dynamic CGE Model: An Application of R&amp;D- Based Endogenous Growth Model Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
An R&amp;D based endogenous growth - applied general equilibrium model is developed from an underlying analytical model which combines Romer's capital variety with Grossman and Helpman's multi-sector open economy model. The transitional dynamics of the analytical model are derived. For numerical implementation, a time discrete empirical model, with an Armington structure, is fit to East Asian data of the social accounting matrix variety. Simulations of trade reform are performed and their static and dynamic effects compared. The transition paths of the state variables are found to have a half-life of five to six periods. A solution of the Social Planner's problem, and interventions which seek to obtain this outcome from the decentralized model are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Applied General Equilibrium; Trade; Growth; International Relations/Trade; F11; 031; 041.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7461

Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gawande,   Kishore; Hoekman,   Bernard.
This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy of trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50300

Analyzing Drivers of World Food Prices: Weather, Growth, and Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Kaye-Blake,   William; Cagatay,   Selim.
The recent rise of food cost in world markets has accelerated the research examining the underlying factors for this rise. The present research investigated the separate and combined impacts of three factors thought to contribute to the price rise: adverse weather events, strong and sustained growth in high populated countries, and increased biofuels production. The research further analysed the effects of these price rises on consumption expenditures in Brazil, China and India. Analyses were carried out using a partial equilibrium trade model with a focus on the 2004 to 2007 period. The modelling suggests that the most important factor behind the price rise depends on the commodity, with maize/corn, oilseeds, and sugar most affected by biofuels, while...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Partial equilibrium model; Biofuel; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51460

The Doha Agenda and Agricultural Trade Reform: The Role of Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   William J.; Anderson,   Kym.
This paper shows that research on international agricultural trade reform can make much greater contributions to understanding than was feasible in earlier trade negotiations. Part of this is due to improvements in the basic data on production, consumption and trade associated with the development of the GTAP database and part due to the greater availability of disaggregated data on applied and bound rates of protection. Unfortunately, the framework in which we operate means that we are reduced to measuring gains that are substantially less than one percent of GDP. New developments in theory and method provide the potential for our quantitative analysis to be improved in at least six areas, including improvements in: the measurement of protection;...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade negotiations; Multilateral; Agricultural trade; Welfare evaluation; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; F11; F12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25628

Can a Preferential Trade Agreement Benefit Neighbor Countries without Compensating Them?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Endoh,   Masahiro; Hamada,   Koichi; Shimomura,   Koji.
PTAs are generally negotiated without any tariff concessions or transfers to non-member countries. Can such a PTA benefit the neighbors’ welfare? In a two-good competitive equilibrium model in the absence of an entrepot, a PTA without concessions to the outsider will hurt the outsider’s welfare when goods are normal. If one of the member countries is an entrepot, however, it definitely improves the neighbors’ welfare. In a multiple-good model, a PTA without concessions deteriorates the neighbors’ welfare, provided that all the goods are normal and substitutes, and that initial tariff levels are small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: PTA; Neighbor’s Welfare; Kemp-Wan Theorem; WTO; GATT Article 24; Entrepot; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13; F15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6334

Trade, Technique and Composition Effects: What is Behind the Fall in World-Wide SO2 Emissions 1990-2000?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grether,   Jean-Marie; Mathys,   Nicole A.; de Melo,   Jaime.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Growth; Environment; Decomposition; Embodied Emissions in Trade; Transport; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7448

Explaining Agricultural Distortion Patterns : The Roles of Ideology, Inequality, Lobbying and Public Finance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutt,   Pushan; Mitra,   Devashish.
In this paper, we examine the political economy drivers of the variation in agricultural protection, both across countries and within countries over time. The paper starts by listing the key insights provided by both the theoretical and empirical literature on the political economy of trade policy formulation. We then set out a basic framework that allows us to put forth various testable hypotheses on the variation and evolution of agricultural protection. We find that both the political ideology of the government and the degree of income inequality are important determinants of agricultural protection. Thus, both the political-support-function approach as well as the median-voter approach can be used in explaining the variation in agricultural protection...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural protection; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50299

Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and Strategic Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
We use an extended partial equilibrium trade model to derive optimal environmental policy responses to tariff reduction requirements and assess the impact of such policies on the welfare of trading partners. We find that countries which attribute preferential political weights to farmers' welfare have an incentive to implement environmental policies that deviate from the Pigouvian solution - even if production is not de facto linked to environmental externalities. We clarify the conditions under which trading partners do not gain from unilateral trade liberalisation if trade concessions are accompanied by strategic environmental policy changes. We postulate a role for the WTO in overseeing the process of domestic policy formulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Strategic environmental policy; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; F11; F18; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24609

An EU-Canada bilateral trade agreement: A DefraTAP application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kitou,   Elisavet; Philippidis,   George.
The first round of negotiations held in Ottawa on the 19th October, 2009, heralded the opening of bilateral trade talks intent on reaching a Canadian-European Union (EU27) free trade area (FTA) agreement. A second round of negotiations were staged in Brussels in January, whilst further rounds are scheduled for 2010, with the longer term aim of ratifying an agreement within 24-30 months. Although stumbling blocs will be encountered, the divergent political interests of each region are compatible. In Canada, a FTA with its second largest trading partner offers a viable alternative to its current overdependence on the US. Similarly, the EU27 sees an opportunity to regain a competitive foothold in the North American market. This paper re-examines the long run...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU27; Canada; Economic integration; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; C68; F11; F15; F17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91679

On Trade Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Institutional Quality: The Case of Central European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a gravity model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo-Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate volatility on trade.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity model; Exchange rate volatility; Institutions.; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; G10; F11; O17; Q17; P29.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122510

Enlargement of the European Union: A movement towards the optimal trade bloc size?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.
This paper analyses how the enlargement of a trade bloc will affect national welfare.  We establish a partial equilibrium model of a trade bloc either operating as a monopoly  with a competitive fringe or facing a duopolistic game in production taxes/subsidies.  Given this framework, we demonstrate how member countries’ welfare effects depend  on their trade flow and the market power of the trade bloc. A numerical estimation of  the effects of EU enlargement on the major grain crop markets suggests that welfare  effects are negligible. Economic reasons are therefore unlikely to be a motivating force  for further enlargement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalisation; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D42; F11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58061

Agricultural Trade and Freshwater Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reimer,   Jeffrey J.
Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally.  This study formally models how this works in the case of crop agriculture, making use of recent advances in international trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture.  The strength of the model lies in its ability to predict, when there is a shock to the system, how trade between pairs of specific countries changes for products that use water intensively.  In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown to be a means for countries to deal with short- and long-run shocks to water resources that are too big for one country to handle by itself in isolation.  In...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Simulation; Trade liberalization; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F11; F18; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123944

On Endogenous Growth: The Implications of Environmental Externalities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper uses an endogenous growth model to examine the interaction between trade, economic growth, and the environment. We find that whether trade enhances or retards growth depends on the relation between factor intensities of exportable, importable, and R&amp;D and the relative abundance of the factor R&amp;D uses more intensively. Depending on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, the long-run rate of economic growth changes with environmental externalities. Concerns about the environment can explain a significant part of cross-country difference in growth rates. For the empirically reported range of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, countries which care more about the environment grow faster. The effects of trade on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; F11; O31; O41; Q20.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7493

Updated Arkansas Global Rice Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The Arkansas Global Rice Model is based on a multi-country statistical simulation and econometric framework. The model consists of six sub regions. These regions are the U.S., South Asia, North Asia and the Middle East, the Americas, Africa and Europe. Each region comprises of several countries and each country model has a supply sector, a demand sector, a trade, stocks and price linkage equations. All equations used in this model were estimated using econometric procedures or identities. Estimates are based upon a set of explanatory variables including exogenous macroeconomic factors such as income, population, inflation rate, technology development, and especially, government determined policy variables which reflect the various mechanisms by which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade model; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; C02; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94347

Atelier sur la transformation de l'agriculture en Afrique: Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire, September 26-29, 1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ba,   Moussa Batchily; Staatz,   John M.; Farrelly,   Laura L.; Camara,   Youssouf; Dimithe,   Georges.
À l'initiative de l'USAID, la BAD, MSU et l’INSAH, une quarantaine de chercheurs, de décideurs politiques et d’opérateurs-terrain venus de 19 pays et représentants une vingtaine d'institutions Africaines ou internationales se sont retrouvés à Abidjan dans le cadre d'un atelier continental pour débattre sur le thème de la transformation de l'agriculture Africaine. Cet atelier a été parrainé par le Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique de la Côte d'Ivoire. L'atelier d'Abidjan s'est basé sur les réflexions précédentes portant sur les défis à relever (insécurité alimentaire, pauvreté, et dégradation de l’environnement) au cours du processus de stimulation de la transformation structurelle de l'agriculture en Afrique, notamment...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural transformation; Africa; International Development; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 21; F11.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54669

Path Interdependence Among Early and Late Bloomers in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaitan,   Beatriz; Roe,   Terry L.
The closed economy neoclassical growth model predicts convergence to a capital stock level that is independent of its initial level, suggesting that discrepancies in per capita income among the world’s economies should largely disappear in the long-run. This paper shows that international trade among countries differing only in their level of initial capital is sufficient to generate long-run income differences across countries. The long-run level of capital of the country most initially endowed with capital is shown to exceed the level of capital otherwise obtained in autarchy while the country least endowed converges to a capital stock lower than would otherwise be obtained in autarchy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International trade; Development; Multiple Equilibria; International Relations/Trade; O41; F43; F11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7183

TRADE AND TRADABILITY: EXPORTS, IMPORTS, AND FACTOR MARKETS IN THE SALTER-SWAN MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
We extend the Salter-Swan model to include both factor markets and semi-traded goods. In our model, changes in relative factor prices depend on changes in world commodity prices, factor endowments, and the trade balance. In contrast, only changes in world commodity prices can affect factor prices in the neoclassical trade model. The inclusion of semi-traded goods weakens the magnification effect of both the Stolper-Samuelson and Rybczynski theorems. When imports and domestic goods are poor substitutes, a characteristic of some commodities in developing countries, the sign of the Stolper-Samuelson effect is reversed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Semi-traded goods; Two-way trade; Salter-Swan Model; Stolper-Samuelson Theorem; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16298

A Demand System Analysis of the U.S. Trout Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
The objective of this study is to analyze how imported trout affects the domestic U.S. trout industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trout; Demand System; Import; International Relations/Trade; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56414

Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.; Garcia,   Andres F.
This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50301

Two Ways of Estimating a Transport Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansson,   Torbjorn.
In this article, it is shown how the parameters of a transport model can be estimated in a way that, in contrast to previously used methods, utilizes observations of regional prices as well as of trade costs. The proposed method uses bi-level programming to minimize a weighted least squares’ criterion under the restriction that the estimated parameters satisfy the Kuhn-Tucker conditions for an optimal solution of the transport model. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to trace out some properties of the estimator and compare it with a traditional calibration method. The analysis shows that the proposed technique estimates prices as well as trade costs more efficiently.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial equilibrium; Transport model; Bi-level programming; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C15; F11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18787

The Impact of Financial Crises on Trade Flows: A Developing Country Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macias,   Jose Brambila; Massa,   Isabella; Salois,   Matthew J.
The global financial crisis has hit hard international trade that dropped below levels not seen since the Great Depression with disastrous consequences for the developing world. This paper estimates an extended gravity model of trade on a sample of 83 developing countries over the period 1990-2007 to shed light on how banking crises and global economic downturns affect bilateral exports flows from developing countries. In addition to traditional variables, we include a trade finance variable and foreign aid among the regressors. Differences between developing regions are taken into account. Our results show that (i) trade finance has a positive and significant impact on bilateral export flows in all developing regions except Latin America; (ii) foreign aid...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Banking Crises; Developing Countries; Foreign Aid; Global Downturn; International Trade; Trade Finance; Mixed Effects Panel Data; Random Coefficients.; Agricultural and Food Policy; C23; F11; F12; F34; F35; G01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91831

Productivity, Geography, and the Export Decision of Chilean Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This article analyzes the export participation of Chilean farms and the relative importance of farm-specific and geographic characteristics in this decision. An export behavior model is estimated using data on 8,284 Chilean farms and a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood procedure. Farm efficiency has a relatively stronger effect than the combined effect of geographic characteristics in increasing the probability of export participation. Farms with skilled (managerial) labor and in regions with higher human capital also have a relatively higher probability of producing for the export market. However, for geographic characteristics to positively affect export participation, farms must achieve a minimum level of efficiency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Chile; Export Participation; Geography; Productivity.; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; F11; O13; O18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25687

Gender Discrimination and the International Division of Labour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Spielmann,   Christian.
The paper empirically explores the international economic effects of gender discrimination, namely the linkages of gender inequality with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses different forms and the extent of gender discrimination across countries and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results indicate that gender inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of gender bias is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with gender inequality. These results even hold for relatively poor developing countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender Discrimination; Trade; Comparative Advantage; FDI; Labor and Human Capital; F23; J71; J82; F11.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26151

The application of spatial models in the analysis of bilateral trade flows: An alternative to the Armington approach for the world sugar market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolte,   Stephan.
This paper suggests spatial models as an alternative to the Armington approach to model bilateral trade. While the use of spatial models has been accepted for decades, they are rarely chosen for such analyses. However, problems inherent in the application of the Armington approach can be overcome through the use of spatial models. To demonstrate, a simple spatial model of the world sugar market is built and used to simulate a multilateral liberalization scenario. Additionally, an identical model is constructed, applying the Armington approach. The results of the spatial model of the sugar market are found to be more plausible than those generated by the Armington-based model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral trade; Trade preferences; Partial equilibrium models; Armington approach; Sugar; International Relations/Trade; F11; F15; C69.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10288

A expansão da União Européia em 2004 e seus impactos no agronegócio brasileiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Samuel Jose de Magalhaes; Ferreira Filho,   Joaquim Bento de Souza.
International trade has acquired increasing importance for the Brazilian economy, especially for agribusiness. In this way, understanding other countries policies that affects international trade and its impacts in this country is equally important. The European Union (EU) is one of the most important Brazilian trade partners and it is known by strong interference on its agricultural sector. The recent European enlargement and the last Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform have been studied at different regions of the World but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of this on Brazilian rural sectors. This paper aims to assess the impacts of the 2004 EU enlargement on Brazilian agribusiness using the general equilibrium model Global Trade...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International economics; International trade; General equilibrium; Economic integration.; Political Economy; F11; F15; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61192

TRADE AND SKILLED-UNSKILLED WAGE GAP IN A MODEL WITH DIFFERENTIATED GOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
There is a continuing debate about whether international trade is responsible for the observed skilled-unskilled wage gap. In this paper we present a general equilibrium trade model with differentiated goods. We begin with an analytical model and show how changes in relative factor returns can be decomposed into changes in commodity prices, changes in the trade balance, and changes in the factor endowment Then we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) trade model calibrated to the U.S. economy in 1982 to analyze the effects of these shocks, as well as technology changes, observed in the U.S. in the 1980's.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; F11; F14; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16280

Efficient choice among domestic and trade policies in the Grossman-Helpman Interest-Group Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schleich,   Joachim; Orden,   David.
This paper generalizes the recent political economy model of Helpman and Grossman in which contributions by producer lobbies and government decisions about trade policies are modeled as a common agency game.  We allow the government to choose among domestic as well as trade interventions.  When production and trade policies are available, the equilibrium production policies serve the lobbies while the trade policies reflect the country's international market power.  When consumption and trade policies are available, tariffs and export subsidies are applied in a small-country model to serve the special interests, and the domestic policies are selected to restore consumer prices to world levels.  In a large-country model, the optimal consumption and trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political economy; Trade policies; Domestic subsidies and taxes; Efficient policies; Common agency; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7458

A small nation’s comparative advantage: The case of Latvia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fedotovs,   Aleksandrs.
Problem of comparative advantage in international trade is important in theoretical and practical aspect. Theoretical models in this area are periodically re-examined in search for empirical evidence. The aim of the paper is to verify the two fundamental theories in the case of a small European country - Latvia - and disclose problems in the country’s trade specialization. In Latvia’s trade with “old” EU countries, the Ricardian model and the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem can be corroborated. After 2000, however, share of EU-15 countries in Latvia’s exports steadily declines. Instead, share of regional (Baltic) market increases, while the potential of CIS markets remains underexploited. Problem of identifying new areas of comparative advantage has become...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Сomparative advantage; Competitive advantage; Wood exports; EU; Economy of Latvia.; International Development; F11; F14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95940

2011 Updated Arkansas Global Rice Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The Arkansas Global Rice Model is based on a multi-country statistical simulation and econometric framework.  The model is disaggregated by five world regions: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.  Each region includes country models which have a supply sector, a demand sector, a trade, stocks and price linkage equations.  All equations used in this model are estimated using econometric procedures or identities.  Estimates are based upon a set of explanatory variables including exogenous macroeconomic factors such as income, population, inflation rate, technology development, and especially, government determined policy variables which reflect the various mechanisms by which countries intervene in their rice sector economy.  Individual country...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade model; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; CO2; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102650

Global Coffee Import Demand in a New Era: Implications for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feleke,   Shiferaw T.; Walters,   Lurleen M.
With coffee prices at their lowest in a century, producing countries, which are mostly developing countries, are facing the worst crisis in history. The International Coffee Organization (ICO) acknowledges that poverty and unemployment are growing so rapidly that the consequences would be dire if nothing is done to halt the decline. This study draws welfare implications for producing countries based on import demand analysis for coffee in the three largest importers – the United States, European Union, and Japan. A differential production approach is employed. Results imply that coffee-producing countries will continue to be worse off with the expansion of exports. Hence, we suggest that they attempt new marketing strategies that include consistent...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Import; Marketing strategies; International Relations/Trade; F10; F11; Q10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50274

Gender Inequality and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Spielmann,   Christian.
The paper empirically explores the international linkages between gender inequality and trade flows of a sample of 92 developed and developing countries. The focus is on comparative advantage in labour-intensive manufactured goods. The results indicate that gender wage inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, that is, countries with a larger gender wage gap have higher exports of these goods. Also, gender inequality in labour force activity rates and educational attainment rates are negatively linked with comparative advantage in labour-intensive commodities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender Inequality; Trade; Comparative Advantage; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F11; F16; J70; J80.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26218

Outward-Orientation and Development: Are Revisionists Right?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.; Bhagwati,   Jagdish.
The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in shifting policies in several developing countries away from the IS strategy. Recently there has been a proliferation of cross country regressions as a methodology of analysis of issues relating to growth, trade and other issues. Both proponents (e.g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher growth have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Economic development; Economic growth; International trade; Openness; Import substitution; Export promotion; Cross-country regressions; International Development; E13; F11; F14; F43; 041; 057.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28476

Comparative Advantage: From an Individual to the Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rajsic,   Predrag.
This paper identifies an internal inconsistency in the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) models of international exchange. The inconsistency stems from assuming homogeneity of inputs within a population. This assumption annihilates individual comparative advantage, benefits from exchange and, consequently, existence of autarky prices. In order to remove this inconsistency, I build a two-good multi-individual model by using the microeconomic concept of individual comparative advantage stemming from differences in endowments of qualitatively heterogeneous inputs. The model shows how differences in the distribution of individual production possibilities result in individual specialization, exchange and differences in autarky prices between hypothetically isolated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Heckscher-Ohlin model; Input heterogeneity; Microeconomic foundations; International Relations/Trade; F11; D51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61299

Riceflow: a Multi-region, Multi-product, Spatial Partial Equilibrium Model of the World Rice Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice; Spatial trade model; Bilateral trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C02; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92010

Trade Liberalisation with Costly Adjustment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forteza,   Alvaro; Patron,   Rossana.
The paper analyses the efficiency and the distributional effects of eliminating a tariff in a protected sector, in a Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade with costs of adjustment. The tariff can be eliminated at the onset or after a while. In case of postponing it the government may pre-announce the policy change or may not do it and surprise the private sector. It is shown that while large adjustment costs reduce the efficiency gains from trade liberalisation, small to moderate adjustment costs may raise the efficiency gains from a pre-announced liberalisation. The adjustment costs reduce the effects on factor returns from a sudden unanticipated liberalisation. The distributional effects of trade liberalisations are more complex when the policy is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adjustment costs; Trade liberalisation; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44058