Consulta: subjectFacets:"International Relations/Trade"
Registros recuperados: 4.619
Máximo de registros impressos: 2500
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 02:43:50

DEVELOPING REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS FROM THE U.N. FORMAT ADOPTED BY THE U.S. IN THE NEW 1972 INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dipietre,   Dennis; Walker,   Rodney L.; Martella,   David R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29404

Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs) in the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babili,   Mahmoud.
INRs as an important card in the game of WTO accession
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: INRs; WTO; Concessions; Article XXVIII; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48938

KÉNYSZERŰ ÉRTÉKVESZTÉS A MEZŐGAZDASÁGI TERMÉKEK PIACÁN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varga,   Tibor.
Witnessing the long-standing resource insufficiency in Hungarian agriculture, the question arises: aside from obviously low efficiencies, to what extent have unfavorable prices led to this situation. In my presentation I will try to answer the question whether, assuming some kind of value-categories or other as given and measured against this, the permanent erosion of agricultural prices can be established. If so, could declining prices be connected to specific features of the agricultural sector? These answers may be useful for experts in make arrangements for decisions of agricultural policy. Research on micro-economic principles, shows that for an analysis of the value-distortion of our prices the equilibrium prices of the so-called “Walras market” (a...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Forráshiány; Ár értékaránytalanság; Támogatás; Élelmiszerláncok; Lack of sources; Price - value unballane; Subsidies; Food-chain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43333

ASYMMETRIC PRICE TRANSMISSION IN THE ISRAELI CITRUS EXPORT SECTOR IN THE AFTERMATH OF LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Linde; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
The Israeli citrus export sector was liberalized in 1991 with the aim to increase citrus growers’ income and to improve overall efficiency of the international citrus marketing channel. However, the former government export monopoly’s activities were mainly taken over by four large companies accounting for over 90% of total Israeli citrus market exports. In addition, citrus exporters maintained the monopoly’s consignment system, substantially limiting transparency on how the grower price is determined. This lead the government to intervene in the newly liberalized market by implementing a minimum price agreement in the 1994/95 season to protect citrus growers against exporters’ abuse of market power. In this paper we analyze whether market power was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7594

Die Märkte für Getreide, Ölsaaten und Kartoffeln
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uhlmann,   Friedrich.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98693

Price Linkage between International Price of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Cooking Oil Price in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rifin,   Amzul.
Cooking oil in Indonesia is considered to be one of the staple food of Indonesian people. In the beginning of 2008, the price of cooking oil in Indonesia has increased significantly. One of the reasons is the increase of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price in the international market. The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of international price of CPO on the domestic price of CPO and cooking oil. Three specific objectives are included (1) To test whether international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil are related through cointegration tests, (2) To test the causal relationships between international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil and (3) To analyze how domestic price of CPO and cooking oil food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crude palm oil; Vector autoregression (VAR); Granger response; Impulse response; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50828

Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution Havens: Evaluating the Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dean,   Judith M.; Lovely,   Mary E.; Wang,   Hua.
One of the most contentious debates today is whether pollution-intensive industries seek locations with weak environmental standards, turning these locations into  'pollution havens." Empirical studies to date show little evidence to support the pollution haven hypothesis, but suffer potentially from omitted variable bias, specification, and measurement errors. This paper estimates the strength of pollution-haven behavior by examining the location choices of equity joint venture (EJV) projects in China. We derive a location choice model from a theoretical framework that incorporates the firm's production and abatement decision, agglomeration and factor abundance. We estimate conditional logit and nested multinomial logit models using new data sets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15854

A JOINT TEST OF PRICING-TO-MARKET, MENU COST AND CURRENCY INVOICING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Larue,   Bruno.
This paper investigates PTM behaviour and currency invoicing decisions of Canadian pork exporters in the presence of menu costs. It is shown that when export prices are negotiated in the exporter'’s currency, menu costs cause threshold effects in the sense that there are bounds within (outside of) which PTM is not (is) observed. Conversely, PTM is not interrupted by menu costs when export prices are denominated in the importer'’s currency. The empirical model focuses on pork meat exports from Canada to the U.S. and Japan. Hansen’'s (2000) threshold estimation procedure is used to jointly test for currency invoicing and PTM in the presence of menu costs. Inference is conducted using bootstrap methods. PTM effects are smaller when accounting for currency...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20295

Food Safety in Agricultural International Trade: The Spanish experience in Mediterranean products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briz,   Julian; de Felipe,   Isabel; Garca,   Marian.
Food international trade between developed and developing countries is increasing as a consequence of the worldwide liberalization movement. Tariffs and technical barriers are decreasing and many exporters in developing countries are ready to supply to developed markets. However there are non-tariff barriers, some of them related to food safety. The goal of this paper is to analyse how some food safety and quality control measures may be overcome by Less Developed Countries following some indications, such as a benchmarking analysis. The identification of “best practice” in operating firms may be useful to others.  We describe the evolution of international trade, the situation at destination and origin markets through the international channel. It is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Food safety; Benchmarking; Spanish export supply chain; Traceability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7898

SELECTED TRADE RULES, STATUTES, REGULATIONS AND PRACTICES AFFECTING GRAIN PRODUCER MARKETING TRANSACTIONS IN LOUISIANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Susan Dale; Traylor,   Harlon D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26944

"GREEN BOX" MEASURES FOR AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT: HOW DECOUPLED CAN THEY REALLY BE? AN INVESTIGATION WITHIN SAM AND CGE FRAMEWORKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sayan,   Serdar; Tin,   Ela.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture classified some subsidies as "Green Box" measures and presuming that they would not distort production/trade patterns, kept them outside the AMS reduction commitments.  This study investigates the validity of this view through simulation results from SAM multiplier and CGE analyses for the US economy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20852

Protektion passe?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasse,   Rolf H.
Die Frage nach dem Stand und der Entwicklung des Handelsprotektionismus wird vielfach vereinfachend beantwortet: Danach haben die GATT-Runden einen kontinuierlichen Abbau bewirkt. Diese Aussage wird überprüft. Dabei wird von vier Thesen ausgegangen: (1) Protektionismus ist ein integraler Bestandteil der internationalen Arbeitsteilung. (2) Die internationale Arbeitsteilung hat stetig zugenommen, ebenso aber auch die Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen zugunsten der nationalen Wertschöpfung. (3) Die Analyse der GATT-Runden klammert wesentliche Protektionswirkungen der Währungspolitik aus. (4) Die Ausweitung der GATTPrinzipien auf den Dienstleistungshandel (GATS) sowie den Handel mit geistigem Eigentum (TRIPS) wird einen Zuwachs an (neuem) Protektionismus hervorrufen,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; Commercial Policy; Trade Negotiations; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26239

Der Weinmarkt in der Welt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Dieter.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97531

Analyzing the Impacts of the Proposed North American Free Trade Agreement on European-North American Dairy Trade Using a Joint-Input, Multi-Product Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   Phillip M.; Pratt,   James E.; Novakovic,   Andrew M.
Mathematical programming models, as typically formulated for international trade applications, may contain certain implied restrictions limiting price responsiveness, intermediate product flows, and arbitrage possibilities. These restrictions are especially important in the case of dairy, and may lead to results which are technically infeasible, or if feasible, not consistent with market equilibrating behavior. The difficulties encountered when modeling dairy trade are described, and an alternative formulation of a spatial model is presented. This formulation allows joint-inputs, multi-products, intermediate markets, and pure transshipment and product substitution forms of arbitrage.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121341

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23425

EXPANDING OUTLETS FOR FARM PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES IN THE DOMESTIC FIELD ILLUSTRATED BY DAIRY PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartlett,   Roland W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1954
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17402

Live Cattle Imports by Port of Entry from Mexico into the United States: Data and Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guinn,   Christie; Skaggs,   Rhonda K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23940

The Economic Effects of State Trading Enterprises: Market Access and Market Failure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; MacLaren,   Donald.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25326

Live Cattle Exports from Mexico into the United States: Where Do the Cattle Come From and Where Do They Go?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skaggs,   Rhonda K.; Acuna,   Rene; Torell,   L. Allen; Southard,   Leland W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93698

Can Canada's Supply Managed Dairy Industry Survive the Doha Round?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gifford,   Michael N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24147

INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NO BRASIL: AS INDICAÇÕES DE PROCEDÊNCIAS JÁ OUTORGADAS E AS ÁREAS E PRODUTOS COM POTENCIAL DE CERTIFICAÇÃO.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollo,   Silvana Saionara; Castro,   Alberto William Viana de.
Este artigo trata do tema das Indicações Geográficas, as quais se constituem numa das formas especiais de proteção aos produtos, que visam, principalmente, destacar seus aspectos distintivos, através da identificação e uso dos fatores naturais e humanos. A temática da indicação geográfica é uma área do direito de propriedade intelectual bastante discutida e aplicada em regiões da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, mais ainda pouco difundida no Brasil. Neste país existem quatro Indicações Geográficas na modalidade de Indicação de Procedência, envolvendo os vinhos fino da região do Vale dos Vinhedos – RS, o café do Cerrado de Minas Gerais, a carne do Pampa Gaúcho e a Cachaça de Paraty no Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro registro de Indicação Geográfica, na categoria de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indicação Geográfica. Indicação de Procedência; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109648

Egypt: The Environment for Adjustment to Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elshennawy,   Abeer.
This paper investigated the potential effect of market failures in labor and capital markets in addition to market failure due to high transaction costs on the transitional path to trade liberalization. All three types of market failure were found to reduce the speed of adjustment to free trade and contribute to high adjustment costs. The paper also examined the consistency of the macroeconomic environment with the objectives of trade liberalization. It is postulated that a macroeconomic environment that is basically recessionary is likely to lead to high adjustment costs
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13895

Identifying National and International Vacuums Potentially Impacting NAFTA and Indigenous Peoples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Valerie J.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was made among three nation-states, Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Each of these nation-states has indigenous populations within its borders. Each has chosen different legal mechanisms for interacting with indigenous peoples. For example, the United States has an extensive web of treaties with the tribes within its borders while Canada, in contrast, has relatively few. All three nation-states have grappled with armed conflicts with indigenous peoples well into the 20th century. Indigenous peoples within each have long social, cultural, economic, and political histories which cross the borders of these countries. Within the provisions of NAFTA, each nation-state reserved the right to deny investors...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: FTAA; Indigenous; Investor; NAFTA; Nation-state; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23875

MACROECONOMIC, TRADE AND SECTORAL ISSUES IN THE AGRICULTURE OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32921

Antidumping and Market Power in the Agriculture Sector, with a Special Case Study of the Fresh Tomato Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.
In this article we highlight the anticompetitive nature of antidumping (AD) legislation. Antidumping legislation was set up to protect domestic firms from predatory pricing by foreign firms. We argue that protecting highly concentrated industries drastically reduces competition at home. In cases where the industry consists only of one or two firms, import restriction may breed monopolies at the expense of domestic consumers. This article looks at cases filed by the agriculture sector, and at the market concentration of industries in this sector, to illustrate the above possibility. We study the case of fresh tomatoes in detail to further demonstrate the anticompetitive nature of AD legislation. We show the effect of AD legislation on imports, as well as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Antidumping legislation; Competition; Fresh tomato industry; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6320

Competitive Advantages and Disadvantages in Romania’s Agri-Food Trade -Trends and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rusali,   Mirela; Gavrilescu,   Camelia.
The paper is part of the studies concerning trade patterns and agri-food foreign trade policies in the EU enlargement context, aiming to assess the competitive trade advantages and disadvantages of the Romania’s agri-food products in the foreign trade relations. The analysis focuses on the challenges of the trade liberalization and its influence on the intensification of the commercial exchanges, the supply diversification and on the trade balance equilibrium, faced by Romania’s agri-food sector over the transition and pre-accession period. The structural reforms of the transition and EU accession preparations induced paramount changes in Romania’s agri-food trade pattern, i.e. a fluctuating evolution of the agri-food foreign trade, either in correlation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; Competitiveness; Comparative trade advantage index.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44118

Reform of Agricultural Trade Policies: Continuum or Stalemate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51599

The Iowa State University FAPRI Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyers,   William H.; Devadoss,   Stephen; Helmar,   Michael.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50638

Implications of the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement for Agriculture and other Sectors of the Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Renan; Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
This paper examines the effects of the U.S.-Korea free trade agreement (KORUS FTA) on various sectors of the economy in the two countries using a general equilibrium model. Additional analysis focuses on the agricultural sector.  Our analysis indicates that the increase in U.S.-Korea bilateral trade volume in recent years has been through intra-industry trade of high-technology products.  Under the KORUS FTA, the bilateral trade volume would increase for virtually all the sectors, and GDP and social welfare would improve for both countries.  However, producers of textile products in the United States and producers of agricultural and food products in South Korea would suffer from the FTA.  This agreement could benefit U.S. agriculture, but the benefits...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Korea; Free trade agreement; Trade creation; Trade diversion; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7636

Reforming the European Union Sugar Program: What Are the Market and Trade Implications?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Umstaetter,   Johannes.
The European Union sugar policies, in place for over 49 years, underwent a first major reform in 2005, yielding to mounting pressures coming from the EU 2004 enlargement, the recent EBA initiative to least developed countries and the recent WTO-panel ruling on EU sugar export subsidies. The reform package consists of lowering administrative prices as well as modifying the structure of production quotas leading to lower sugar production and bringing down subsidized export to within WTO limits. However, these reforms do not address other components of the EU sugar policies such as non-preferential tariffs, quota reallocation across regions, or opening up the competitive structure of the EU sugar industry. This makes it difficult to assess the economic and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21398

NATIONAL ADMINISTERED PROTECTION AGENCIES: THEIR ROLE IN THE POST-URUGUAY ROUND WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Sarker,   Rakhal.
This paper reviews the role of national administered protection agencies, whose responsibility is the enforcement of national trade remedy laws. After reviewing four recent trade remedy cases we argue that the role of the national administered protection agencies should be changed. Given the additional responsibilities the WTO has assumed in administering the Agreement on Agriculture, the growth of regional integration agreements and the increasing use of anti-dumping and countervailing duty actions against fairly traded imports, we argue that all trade actions should be taken to the WTO for settlement. The role of the national administered protection agencies should be changed to make them agents for trade liberalization. This would involve them taking on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51212

Local and Sustainable Food Supply: The Role of European Retail Consumer Co-operatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hingley,   Martin; Mikkola,   Minna; Canavari,   Maurizio; Asioli,   Daniele.
This paper investigates the rationale for local and sustainable food systems and retailer co-operatives as their entry points within local conditions. Emphasis is on localised food networks and connection between socially as well as environmentally sustainable production, distribution and consumption. Investigated is the premise that co-operative organisational structures, for reasons of their long-term socially responsible origins are at the forefront of development of local and sustainable food systems and are thereby in a position to offer a specific contribution to market development. Two key research questions are proposed: Firstly, is there a pre-determination of co-operatives to issues of sustainable and local food sourcing given the historical and...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Local and sustainable food; Retailer co-operatives; Europe; Social responsibility; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121953

Potential Effects of FTAA on US/CARICOM Fish Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keefe,   Alison M.; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Areas of the Americas(FTAA); US/CARICOM Fish Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45797

The Future of Rice Production, Consumption and Seaborne Trade: Synthetic Prediction Method
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Purevdorj,   Minjmaa; Kubo,   Masayoshi.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26751

Where is Canada in Global Farm Talks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helmer,   Jesse; Wolfe,   Robert.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24151

DISCUSSION: AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, TRADE AGREEMENTS AND DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16905

DISCUSSION: THE ROLE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pagoulatos,   Emilio.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30076

International trade and competitiveness analysis in the European Union: the case of prepared meat sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banterle,   Alessandro; Carraresi,   Laura.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the competitive performance of the EU countries for the prepared swine meat sector during the period 1990- 2003. This sector has been chosen for the role that traditional products play in most EU countries. To assess competitiveness, the analysis evaluates several trade indices to compare the trends over the last fifteen years: Revealed Comparative Advantage, the Vollrath indices, Net Export Index, and Grübel - Lloyd index. The data source was the Eurostat data base, considering intra - EU export and import data referred to 17 sub- sectors with 8 digit codes. Moreover, cluster analysis has been applied to highlight groups of countries with similar features. Good competitive performance in the prepared swine meat...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; International Trade; EU; Prepared Meat; RCA.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10058

Trends in Sudanese Cereal Production, Consumption, and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdelrahman,   Ali H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18365

International marketing developments and the effects on South African agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Merwe,   A.; Otto,   Rolf-Joachim.
The global agricultural marketing environment is changing rapidly. Coupled with the advance in technology, a borderless society is emerging that necessitates a rethinking of traditional agricultural policies. This paper analyses this trend by presenting an overview of issues currently affecting agricultural trade, both globally and in South Africa. The latter has undergone a significant deregulation and liberalisation process of its own. Coupled with global trends towards even further deregulation, especially during the 1999 round of multilateral trade negotiations, agricultural industries and economists will be required to focus their attention in this direction. While the former need to devise strategies that will enhance their international...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54436

Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, Volume 2, Number 2, Fall 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Content: (1) Diersen, Matthew A., William W. Wilson, and Bruce L. Dahl. "Additionality of Credit Guarantees for Wheat Exports." (pp. 165-184); (2) Kinnucan, Henry W. and Myrland Oystein. "Welfare Effects of Supply Expansion with Trade Restrictions: The Case of Salmon." (pp. 185-204); (3) Lee, Dae-Seob, Yiqian Wang, and P. Lynn Kennedy. "Implication of U.S. Rice Export Promotion Programs: The Case of Selected Latin American Countries." (205-220); (4) Marshal, Maria I. and Thomas L. Marsh. "Endogenous Trade Protection in the Mexican Corn Market." (pp. 221-249); (5) Babula, Ronald A., Robert A. Rogowsky, and Robert F.J. Romain. "Exploitation and Analysis of Long Run Cointegration Properties of a Quarterly System of U.S. Wheat Related Product Markets." (pp....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49167

International Dairy Notes, June 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
Major Foreign Markets for U.S. Dairy Products--Spotlight on Japan
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Japanese Dairy Market; U.S. Dairy Exports; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37737

Is the Turkish Agri-Food Sector Ready for EU Entry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Berkum,   Siemen.
Joining the EU's single market would subject the Turkish food supply chain to competition from mature industries and highly efficient, well-organised companies in the rest of the Union. To be ready for this competition, the Turkish agri-food chain has to tackle a number of serious bottlenecks, requiring modernisation and restructuring of the farm and food sector, and a more efficient marketing system, which provides for quality improvement incentives and price transparency. The rise of modern retail chains in the country and the inflow of FDI are two important factors that help preparing the Turkish food supply chain for the competitive pressures implied by the EU single market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU integration; Agri-food chain; Market structure and performance; Turkey; International Relations/Trade; F15; P27; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24626

TWO-STAGE UTILITY MAXIMIZATION AND IMPORT DEMAND SYSTEMS REVISITED: LIMITATIONS AND AN ALTERNATIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   George C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.
Two-stage utility maximization theory has been widely used in the literature to estimate import demand for agricultural commodities that are often inputs. This article examines the overlooked conceptual and empirical limitations of applying two-stage utility maximization theory to model the demand for imported commodities that are inputs. A discussion is presented about how the underutilized theory of two-stage profit maximization overcomes these limitations. Also discussed are the conditions under which errors illustration of the two-stage profit maximization procedure is provided.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30757

Is There a Role for Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents in Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwartz,   Nancy E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50675

THE CONTROVERSY REGARDING DEVALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parish,   Ross M.
Australia's balance of payments problems have, understandably enough, received a good deal of attention in the pages of the Economic Record in recent years. Some articles have proposed diagnoses of, and/or remedies for our "shortage" of foreign exchange. (1) Numerous references to the problem are also to be found in the series of articles dealing with the state of the national economy. (2) Furthermore, Australia's foreign trade difficulties have undoubtedly helped to inspire a number of articles dealing with general theoretical aspects of the problem of achieving external balance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1960
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22420

IMPACTS OF LIBERALIZING THE JAPANESE PORK MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wahl,   Thomas I.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Johnson,   Stanley R.
The Japanese pork market is protected by a complex set of restrictions, including a variable levy and an import tariff. The combination of these policies distorts the quantity, price, and form of Japanese pork imports. An important issue relevant to the liberalization of the Japanese pork market is the accurate measurement of the price wedge between Japanese and world pork prices. The analysis indicates that the tariff equivalent of the price wedge over the 1986-88 period was 44%. If the tariff equivalent of the price wedge is reduced over a ten-year period, Japanese pork imports are projected to increase by over 39% initially and by over 215% compared to baseline projections by the year 2000. Producer welfare can be maintained by a deficiency payment...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30735

EU Food Safety Standards, Traceability and Other Regulations: A Growing Trade Barrier to Developing Countries' Exports?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grote,   Ulrike; Frohberg,   Klaus; Winter,   Etti Maria.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25668

THE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS OF HUNGARIAN WINES IN EUROPEAN UNION MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bozsik,   Norbert.
In the case of homogeneous goods (corn, eggs, milk, etc.) the price differential between products is the strongest determinant of success in market competition. In these days, however, it is more and more the highly processed foodstuffs that land on the consumer’s table. Wine is one of these. This study appraises the price competitiveness of Hungarian wines on EU markets. The question is to what extent do price differences determine the competitiveness of wine on potential markets? Or does a lower price give a real advantage to a special product like wine? Or is the demand for a product due to factors other than price? Our findings show that most Hungarian wines, except bottled white quality wines, are compatible on EU markets as far as prices are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Wine market competition; Price advantage; Quantity; Borpiaci verseny; Árelőny; Értékesítési mennyiség; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54410

Impacts of U.S. Sugar Policy and the North American Free Trade Agreement in North American Sugar Containing Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pruitt,   J. Ross; Tilley,   Daniel S.
Sugar is one of the most protected agricultural commodities in the United States and other countries around the world through the use of production allotments, preferential marketing agreements, and tariffs.  These protectionist measures lead to increased input costs for manufacturers of candies and soft drinks.  The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has in part altered the nature of sugar trade throughout the North American continent.  This paper presents a game theoretical Cournot model which illustrates how trade in sugar containing products and the location of sugar containing product manufacturers in North America is likely to be impacted by the combined effects of U.S. sugar policy and NAFTA. Current international agreements which affect...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21084

COMPLIANCE WITH EUREPGAP STANDARDS: DETERMINANTS, COSTS AND IMPLICATIONS ON PROFITABILITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER FRENCH BEANS EXPORTERS IN KIRINYAGA DISTRICT, KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muriithi,   Beatrice Wambui.
Horticulture provides many developing countries with opportunities for export diversification, poverty alleviation and rural development. However, stringent public and private-sector food-safety standards, for example EurepGap, pose a challenge especially to small export farmers. Compliance with these standards entails costly investments that may be a burden to smallholder farmers, failure to which might lead to their exclusion in the global market. A number of questions which require empirical research arise to confirm or refute these concerns. The study assesses awareness of the EurepGap standards among smallholder farmers and analyzes the critical factors influencing their compliance. It also identifies the costs of complying with these standards and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117712

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: SUBSTITUTES OR COMPLEMENTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Cornell,   Dyana N.; Koo,   Won W.
International agricultural trade has evolved over time.  Processed foods and developing countries have become major growth markets for U.S. agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) has become even more important than exports as a means of accessing foreign markets.  The critical question is whether FDI is a substitute for or a complement of exports.  This research builds upon an existing theoretical FDI model and contributes to the literature through the development of a simultaneous equation system for FDI and exports, which is estimated using two-stage least squares.  Empirical analyses were used to examine the relationship between U.S. FDI and exports of processed foods into East Asian countries - China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: East Asia; Exports; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Processed foods; International Relations/Trade; F47; Q17; C3; F17.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15471

Learning by Doing – Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sultan,   Tursinbek; Huang,   Zuhui; Larsen,   Karin.
In many of the developing (transition) countries, government is promoting the use of cooperatives as organizations that can help enhance the development of farmers and other communities. Agricultural cooperatives are believed to function as a tool for the government in promoting the economic and social development, in particular by creating employment, generating income, eradicating poverty and strengthen farmers’ (market) power within the modern value chain. As for most transitional countries, Chinese government played a primary important role in agricultural cooperatives development. The government attempted to restructure the agro-food system to a modernized and industrialized one by supporting farmer cooperatives and producer organizations. Since the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Farm Management; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122025

IMPACTS OF GATT/URUGUAY ROUND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS ON U.S. BEEF AND CATTLE PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.; Wohlgenant,   Michael K.
The GATT/Uruguay Round trade negotiations have resulted in a multilateral relaxation of beef trade restrictions. A linear elasticity model of the U.S. beef industry is developed using log differentials equations. Beef consumption, production, and trade are disaggregated into appropriate ground and table cut components. The model predicts that GATT/Uruguay Round will cause asymmetric effects on ground and table cut beef consumers. In general, fed cattle and cow/calf producers will benefit from trade liberalization because of increases in fed and feeder cattle prices. However, nonfed cattle price will decrease.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31006

Cereal Marketing and Household Market Participation in Ethiopia: The Case of Teff, Wheat and Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Hoekstra,   Dirk.
Teff, wheat and rice are becoming important market oriented crops in Ethiopia. This study aims at analyzing the market participation of farm households, market actors, market channels and determinants of household market participation for these crops. Results are based on analysis of data collected from community and household surveys in three districts in three regional states of the country in 2005. Analysis of descriptive information and econometric analysis are used. About 65 - 77% of households produce these market oriented commodities, on about 27 – 44% of the total cultivated area. About 47 – 60% of the produce of these market oriented commodities is sold.  The important market places for producers of these commodities are the district town markets...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52102

As exportações brasileiras: um enfoque de portfólio eficiente
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Gilca Garcia de; Carvalho,   Fatima Marilia Andrade de.
A seleção de uma pauta eficiente de exportação permite ao país melhor adequação ao planejamento de médio e longo prazo, com maior estabilidade e menores riscos, o que dá sustentabilidade ao desenvolvimento. O modelo de portfólio, de Markowitz, permite avaliar a pauta de exportação de um país por uma análise de retorno e risco, possibilitando a seleção de uma carteira ótima. Nesse contexto, foram avaliadas as pautas de exportação do Brasil em 6-dígitos da Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul. Verificou-se que a pauta nacional foi se diversificando com participações cada vez mais eqüitativas dos produtos componentes. As seções Matérias Têxteis, Indústrias Alimentares e Metais Comuns e Suas Obras foram selecionadas dentre as mais importantes, em todos os três...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exportações; Markowitz; Portfólio; Risco; Mercosul; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56841

NAFTA Sweetener Markets: The Transition Towards Integration (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cropley,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8115

Economic Implications Of International Wheat Reserves
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zwart,   A.C.; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123581

The Development of the Solomon Islands: An Analysis of Trends, Issues and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The Solomon Islands is one of the five least developed Pacific island nations according to the classification of the United Nations. This article reviews the situation of the Solomon  Islands in relation to its development generally but paying particular attention to: • Public and private finance; • Social issues such as education and health; • Its trade and external balance; and  • Economic infrastructure. Policy suggestions are made in relation to each of these matters and an assessment given of the development status of the Solomon Islands.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Solomon Islands; Pacific Island nations; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100033

Price Developments on the World Markets for Milk Products: The Case of Butter
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Voneki,   Eva.
A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. It can be expected that similar relationships exists for other milk products as well. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. However, price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F15; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25491

Editorial - International Wheat Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1948
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8724

Seafood Trade and Market Access: Threats and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leadbitter,   Duncan.
Humans have been trading seafood and seafood products since time immemorial. This trade has commonly crossed national boundaries, but the scale of trade has increased markedly in the past twenty years. By and large the distilled view of nations is that trade is good and there has been considerable international pressure to encourage and facilitate trade. As trade has increased, so too have the debates over the costs and benefits due to the changes to incomes, wealth distribution, cultures and social cohesion that this trade has driven. Whilst trade has undeniable impacts on natural resources such as fisheries, it is not the sole and ultimate reason for the perilous state of many fisheries in the world. The sustainability of fisheries is ultimately...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124075

A survey of the assessments of the effectiveness of Preferential Trade Agreements using gravity models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardamone,   Paola.
This paper reviews the empirical literature using a gravity model to assess the impact on trade of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and provides a critical analysis of the choices made to carry out the estimations. With respect to the effectiveness of PTAs, the main result that emerges from the review is that PTAs tend to foster trade between the countries involved. However, two empirical issues appear relevant. First, the use of dummy variables to proxy PTAs does not adequately describe the preferences granted and can be misleading. Indeed, the use of dummies does not allow to discern among the different preferential trade policy instruments used as well as to measure the level of the trade preferences granted. As a result, dummies do not allow to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7282

FOOD SAFETY IN FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD TRADE: OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unnevehr,   Laurian J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16572

THE PATTERN OF BILATERAL TRADE USING A DYNAMIC GRAVITY EQUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Mina; Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
Using a dynamic gravity equation, we show that the national product differentiation model explains food and agricultural trade, while the product differentiation model explains large-scale manufacturing trade for both short- and long-run.  We provide reasons of discrepancy from Head and Ries (2001) in the short-run, and illustrate the positive impacts of world income growth on bilateral trades.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20248

THE TRANSFORMATION OF MARKET PLAYERS ON THE DEMAND-SIDE OF THE GRAIN MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kemenyne Horvath,   Zsuzsanna.
The aim of the study is to review the vertical and horizontal reshuffling that took place in a specific area of the Hungarian grain product cycle, i.e. raw material production, and its effect on the demand-side power structure. The answers derived from questionnaires and in-depth interviews allowed the classification of buyers using cluster analysis, and also the modeling of their decisions during the price negotiation. The completed analysis shows us that on the grain market, price leaders are primarily among the large trading companies and holdings, which can be attributed to their size, storage capacity, logistical capabilities and strategy. Processing (mills, feed mixers, seed-sellers), integrator, retail and other companies on the grain market are...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Grain sector; Process chain; Price leaders; Cluster analyses; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43242

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL CROPS TRADE SECTOR OF SUDAN UNDER THE INCREASING WORLD FOOD PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elgali,   Mohamed B.; Mustafa,   Rajaa H.; Bauer,   Siegfried.
The agricultural trade of the Sudan is expected to develop under the recent dramatic increase of world food prices. Sudan as one of the developing countries and as price taker on the world agricultural market has been affected greatly by the world price increase. This paper aims at studying the impact of the increasing world food prices on developments of the agricultural crops trade sector of Sudan. In this paper a multimarket model is used as the main tool to estimate the increase of the world food prices on the crop trade sector. Multi-market analysis is a tool for simulating the effects of agricultural price policies on outcomes considered of interest to policy makers. The model under consideration takes the normal specification of a standard partial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Multi-market model; Sudan; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97067

EMU and Transatlantic Economic Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kenen,   Peter B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26164

CANADA-U.S. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: A VIEW FROM CANADIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Duren,   Erna; Martin,   Larry J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17834

Foreign Trade and the National Export Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuzum,   Janet.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106127

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE AUSTRALIA-U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FOR U.S. DAIRY MARKETS AND DOMESTIC DAIRY FARM PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Sumner,   Daniel A.; Balagtas,   Joseph Valdes; Brunke,   Henrich.
We develop a simulation model to analyze the effects on U.S. milk markets of an Australia-U.S. free trade agreement.  An important contribution to the literature is the derivation of explicit supply and demand relationships for milk components, which allows an analysis of long-term production, consumption, and trade patterns that is not tied to specific products.  Simulations indicate that increased imports from Australia, resulting from bilateral trade liberalization, would result in modest reductions in U.S. milk prices and production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20164

Exchange Rate Volatility and Bilateral Agricultural Trade Flows: The Case of the United States and OECD Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kafle,   Kashi R.; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This study documents the effect of exchange rate volatility and the real exchange rate on bilateral agricultural exports, imports and total trade (exports + imports) flows between the United States and OECD countries. The effect of exchange rate volatility is estimated both separately from and in combination with the real exchange rate. In addition, implementation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and use of the Euro as a national currency (Euro) are included as dummy variables and their effects on trade flows are also determined. A panel data set, which contains 28 cross-sections and 1148 observations, is used for bilateral trade flows between the United States and OECD countries from 1970 to 2010. With an empirical model based on a gravity equation, the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bilateral agricultural trade; Exchange rate volatility; OECD¬ countries; Gravity equation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119736

Euro-Mediterranean Supply Chain Developments and Trends in Trade Structures, in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzis,   Prodromos; van Dijk,   Gert; Baourakis,   George.
Supply chains for fresh fruit and vegetables, are going through considerable re-shaping phase worldwide. This study analyses the trends which impose those changes and focuses mainly at the wholesale and export trading of the Euro-Mediterranean supply chain (namely, on how fruit and vegetable producer, wholesale and export firms react to the market forces that direct them). Producer organizations and wholesale firms one the one hand of The Netherlands, Germany and other EU member countries, and of Non- EU Member Mediterranean countries, on the other hand, are the subject of this study. Two graphical representation of the Dutch and the German supply chains respectively are presented here as the main instrument to demonstrate the dynamics of the sectors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Euro-Med Free Trade analysis; Supply chain restructure; Supply chain efficiency; Fresh fruit and vegetables trade; Vertical coordination; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9428

Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerlach,   Sabine; Spiller,   Achim; Wocken,   Christian.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97173

The NAFTA Panel on Dairy and Poultry: What Will They Decide?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123566

Law of One Price in International Commodity Markets: A Fractional Cointegration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Smith,   Darnell B.; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.; Meyers,   William H.
This paper examine the Law of One Price (LOP) in the International Commodity markets using a fractional cointegration analysis.  Out of nine pairs of price series examined, fractional cointegration supports the existence of the LOP in eight cases as compared to three cases as in standard cointegration process.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18400

FONTES DE CRESCIMENTO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DO COMPLEXO SOJA BRASILEIRO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Carvalho,   Fatima Marilia Andrade de; Machado,   Joao Armando Dessimon.
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as principais fontes de crescimento das exportações brasileiras de soja em grão, farelo e óleo de 1995 a 2004. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo de comércio internacional Constant-Market-Share, que permitiu decompor as fontes de crescimento em quatro efeitos, quais sejam, crescimento do comércio mundial, composição da pauta, destino das exportações e competitividade. Os dados para o cálculo do modelo Constant-Market-Share foram coletados junto ao Sistema de Análise das Informações de Comércio Exterior (ALICE), da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior (SECEX), que possui os dados de exportações brasileiras Free on Board (FOB) em dólares, à Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) e à Organização Mundial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Complexo Soja; Constant-Market-Share; Comércio Internacional; Soy Complex; Constant-Market-Share; International Commerce; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103128

BALANCING FOOD SAFETY AND RISK: DO DRUG RESIDUE LIMITS AFFECT INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN BEEF?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   John S.; Otsuki,   Tsunehiro; Majumdar,   Baishali.
There have been a number of high profile food safety disputes in trade over the past decade.  These include the widely publicized dispute at the World Trade Organization between the U.S. and EU over hormone treated beef.   Consumers in some industrialized countries have also expressed concern over the health implications of consuming beef produced with antibiotics and other artificial supplements.  Developing countries are affected in a significant way in both how disputes are settled, as well as the balance between risk and safety reflected in how standards are set.  This paper examines the impact of drug residue standards on trade in beef and trade affect of setting harmonized international standards.  We find that if international standards set by Codex...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21971

Japan-New Zealand Trade and Fishery Frictions:  Some Characteristics and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okada,   Yoshinori.
The greatest friction in trade and fishery between Japan and New Zealand was the Total Economic Relationship, which was insisted by the PM of NZ. NZ wanted to export dairy foods in exchange for admitting fishing. Both governments experienced a long and tough negotiation. Recently frictions have happened in various sectors, such as Environmental and Food Customs. The friction looks broad and dangerous. In spite of the emotional reactions, however, I don't think that is a serious problem. Both sides should know the importance and the character. If both sides do not respond correctly, trade will stagnate in the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and Fishery Friction; Total Economic Relationship; Trade negotiation; Environmental Friction; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31967

Growing Demand for Animal-Protein-Source Products in Indonesia: Trade Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
New elasticities were estimated from Indonesia's 1996, 1999, and 2002 National Socio-Economic Survey, or SUSENAS, data using a double-hurdle demand specification. The estimates suggest that major changes in Indonesian household diets are expected in the coming years, as income growth is sustained and as urbanization proceeds at a fast pace. The consumption 'trading-up' pattern for animal-protein source products observed in many countries may also occur in Indonesia. In this particular case, households will shift from fish to dairy and meat products. The trade impacts of this emerging consumption pattern will be determined by the cost of adjustment in Indonesia's domestic productive capacity and the influence of the country's predominantly Islamic tradition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand; Household consumption; Trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18502

Sécurité alimentaire en Afrique de l’Ouest : Enjeux et Eléments Stratégique pour sa Réalisation.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dembele,   Niama Nango; Staatz,   John M.
The situation analysis and perspectives on food security West Africa shows a widening gap between the needs of consumption and nutrition and food availability at Global countries, households and individuals. Low gains productivity in food production and import capacity are the major constraints to the achievement of security Food in the region. The agricultural growth becomes the prerequisite for improving the food situation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; West Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q18; Q17; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58546

Nontariff Agricultural Trade Barriers Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hillman,   Jimmye S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50695

THE EFFECTS OF TRADE PROMOTION ON CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunjal,   Kisan R.
Canadian agricultural trade promotion expenditures have dramatically increased from C$.4 million in 1969/70 to C$26.5 million in 1981/82.  To evaluate the effect of these expenditures on agricultural exports an econometric analysis is presented in this study.  The extended distributed lag model for export demand is developed and estimated using an iterative autoregressive least squares with instrumental variable (IALSI) method of estimation.  The results reveal that the trade promotion programs (aggregate expenditure levels) have had a statistically significant effect on agricultural exports.  The analysis of dynamic multipliers indicates that the effect of trade promotion expenditure on export levels is likely to decline gradually and last for about a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28947

FREE TRADE IMPACTS ON THE U.S. AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Paggi,   Mechel S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30367

Britain's Foreign Trade Problem and Its Effect on British Food Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruen,   Fred H.G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1947
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8307

Monetary Impacts and Overshooting of Agricultural Prices in a Transition Economy: The Case of Slovenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper focus on the time adjustment paths of the exchange rate and agricultural producer and industrial prices in response to unanticipated monetary shocks following model developed by Saghaian et al. (2002). Results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster than industrial prices to innovations in the money supply, affecting relative prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold. The impulse response analysis shows that an exogenous shock to the money supply has a significant and volatile effect on the three price variables. The extent of overshooting in agricultural prices is twice as large as for exchange rates or industrial prices. This indicates that in the case of monetary shocks the sectors associated with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Exchange rates; Monetary shocks; Overshooting; Transition economy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9422

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Popp,   Alexander; Beringer,   Tim; Muller,   Christoph; Lucht,   Wolfgang.
Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Technologies In Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makokha,   Stella Nabwile; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Staal,   Steven J.; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis.
Indicators of poverty in western Kenya show high poverty levels. The area has low dairy development yet the potential for dairy development is quite high. Dairy farming has the potential to reduce poverty by increasing incomes and reducing unemployment. This paper reports factor interrelationships in dairy adoption with a view to understanding factors that influence adoption. The binary probit model was used to analyse data from 1575 households. Contrary to findings from similar studies elsewhere, some factors had a negative association with adoption, thus unfolding a unique adoption process. The association between the factor interactive affects and technology adoption highlighted the importance of exploring factor interrelationships. The widely held...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Factor interrelationship; Spatial factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52094

The Complexities of the Interface between Agricultural Policy and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tariff and non-tariff barriers are widespread as applied to agricultural trade. The theory of gains from trade considers the impacts of free trade relative to no trade and to non-tariff barriers, while the theory of agricultural policy generally places little weight on the international trading sector. However, it is necessary to combine agricultural policy with the international trading sector so that agricultural policy instruments such as price supports are considered together with barriers to trade such as tariffs. This is possible within the context of welfare economics when considering the costs and benefits of alternative agricultural and trade policies.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Export taxes; Gains from trade; Tariffs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120424

WTO-Verhandlungen: Warum die Einigung so schwierig und dennoch so wichtig ist
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brockmeier,   Martina; Pelikan,   Janine.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96732

Debt, Trade, and Payments Issues of Developing Countries and U.S.-Mexican Economic Interdependencies
Provedor de dados: 31
Debt problems of developing countries seriously constrain their economic and social development as well as the prospects and pace of economic recovery in the developed countries. Debt and trade problems of Mexico are particularly important for the U.S. agricultural economy because of the size and importance of U.S.-Mexican agricultural trade. The importance of Mexico as a U.S. trading partner lends importance to research on Mexican supply, demand, and trade of agricultural commodities and on macroeconomic and monetary policies affecting Mexico's demand and capacity to import. The ninth meeting of the Consortium on Trade Research focused on the debt, trade, and payments problems of developing countries and on U.S.-Mexican economic relationships.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Debt; Trade; Mexico; United States; Agricultural policy; Research.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51270

Effects of Tariff Liberalization due to EU Accession on Slovak Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; Pokrivcak,   Jan; Ciaian,   Pavel.
The paper analyzes the changes in agricultural trade patterns in Slovakia that occured during the gradual trade liberalization due to European Union enlargement in 2004. The results indicate that approximately 30% of the increase in agricultural imports from the EU15 and CEECs between 2000 and 2005 was due to the discriminatory trade liberalization between Slovakia and the EU15 and CEECs, i.e. due to the formation of a customs union. Part of the increase in agricultural trade with the EU15 and CEECs was at the expense of trade with more efficient producers from the rest of the world, i.e. there is an indication that some trade diversion could have occurred. The second wave of agricultural trade liberalization (from 2002 onward) brought about greater...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6820

Estimation and Analysis of Rational Expectations Model of International Cotton Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokovenko,   Oleksiy; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.
The paper outlines an approach to estimation and analysis of rational expectations international cotton market. A multiple model bootstrap filter is used to compute unobserved market expectations and their distributions. Estimation results are used to analyze the welfare effects of exogenous trade shocks and government programs, with application to the national market security.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9760

Analysis of the Korean Beef Market: A Study of Hotel Buyers' Perspectives of Beef Imports from Three Major Sources Part II
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Renee B.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Veeman,   Michele M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24085

Mandatory Supply Controls and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyers,   William H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50688

GLOBALIZATION OF THE FROZEN POTATO INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plummer,   Charles; Makki,   Shiva S.
This paper examines the globalization of the frozen potato industry, including the expansion of production and processing of potato products in the global market place, and future prospects for the industry. We find that developing countries with high income growth rates could be major growth markets for U.S. frozen potato products in the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19950

CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS FAIR TRADE COFFEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGarry Wolf,   Marianne; Romberger,   Carissa Leigh.
This study examines consumers’ awareness of fair trade coffee and their purchase interest concerning fair trade coffee. The research uses a survey instrument that was administered through the use of a personal interview. The random sample of 200 coffee purchasers was collected in San Luis Obispo County, California. San Luis Obispo County was designated the best test market in the United States by Demographics Daily (Jackoway 2001). San Luis Obispo was found to be the best of 3,141 counties to represent a microcosm of the United States based on 33 statistical indicators. This research uses simulated test marketing research to examine consumer interest in purchasing a branded fair trade coffee and finds that the branded fair trade coffee is appealing to only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59264

A GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF TURKISH ACCESSION TO A EUROPEAN CUSTOMS UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Atici,   Cemal.
The entrance of additional countries into a European customs union, in this case Turkey, and its impact on agriculture are examined. Results from a trade simulation model are used as components of a Political Preference Function and utilized within a game theoretic framework to identify the optimal strategies for Turkey, the EU, and the U.S. Turkey's best interest, from an agricultural perspective, involves adoption of agreements made in the Uruguay round of GATT as a developing country rather than applying EU protection. Although free trade is not the optimal solution, simulations indicate that the solution does involve the reduction of agricultural protection levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31289

Does Agricultural Liberalization Reduce Rural Welfare in Less Developed Countries? The Case of CAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   J. Edward; Naude,   Antonio Yunez; Jesurun-Clements,   Nancy.
Conventional economic wisdom and findings from aggregate economy-wide models suggest that removing tariffs on agricultural imports is detrimental to rural welfare in less developed countries. This paper explores the rural welfare effects of own-country agricultural liberalization under CAFTA using a disaggregated rural economy-wide model that nests within it a series of micro agricultural household models. Our simulation findings suggest that CAFTA would reduce nominal incomes for nearly all rural household groups in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. However, compensating variations that take into account rural economy-wide adjustments to policy shocks are mostly negative, implying that current agricultural protection policies are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11993

Issues In Negotiating Reductions In Support For Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Warley,   T.K.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123569

COOL and Consumers' Willingness to Pay in the Fresh Produce Industry - Some Initial Impressions from the Field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; House,   Lisa; VanSickle,   John J.; Wysocki,   Allen F.
The debate about Country-of-Origin labeling (COOL) has centered on the projected benefits and costs of its implementation. This study uses data from a Vickery auction (n=320) to estimate willingness to pay for COOL. Preliminary findings suggest, on average, consumers value COOL, are not homogenous, and prefer fresh produce grown in the U.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15644

The Impacts of GAFTA on Syrian Trade after Its full Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baghasa,   Hajar; Babili,   Mahmoud.
Studies about GAFTA’s impact on Syria are still few, especially those about its impacts on the agricultural sector. In fact, concerned researchers are in urgent need to know recent developments in GAFTA implementation and to review its updated impacts on Syrian agricultural sector. Therefore, we, NAPC, suggested producing a working paper about GAFTA, including revision for its current situation, its implementation’s impact on Syrian agricultural trade, and economic regression for Syrian- GAFTA members trade comparing with Syrian- third parties trade (especially the EU). In addition to the general introduction, the paper also includes an evaluation to the Syrian position on the scale of GAFTA targets’ achievement. The paper checks commercial developments...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: غافتا (GAFTA); سوريا (Syria)، التجارة الزراعية (Agricultural trade) ، المشاكل (problems); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50320

Who Benefits from Quality Labelling? Segregation Costs, International Trade and Producer Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Lee Ann.
This paper analyses the impact of quality based labelling on product prices, factor allocation and the resulting effects on producers within the context of an international trading system. A general equilibrium model, calibrated to 1998 data, describes United States and European Union labelling regimes for genetically modified agricultural products. The results indicate that the labelling choice of trade partners have large distributive impacts within national economies, as well as across countries and highlight the importance of using general equilibrium framework to understand the system wide impacts of labelling policies that differentiate products based upon quality characteristics. These results are essential for policy makers seeking to understand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labelling; International trade; Political economy; General equilibrium; Biotechnology.; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57897

NEW CHALLENGES IN INTERNATIONAL DAIRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   N.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14554

STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE EFFECTS OF EXHCHANGE RATE ON IMPORT DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact the exchange rate has on local prices and import demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Direct and indirect effects; Korean beef market; International Relations/Trade; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56415

Demand Shifts in Beef Associated with Country-of-Origin Labeling to Minimize Losses in Social Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanselka,   Daniel D.; Davis,   Ernest E.; Anderson,   David P.; Capps,   Oral, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93390

PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND MEASURES OF FIT IN A GLOBAL, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jing; Arndt,   Channing; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used for quantitative analysis of global economic issues. However, CGE models are frequently criticized for resting on weak empirical foundations. This paper builds on recent work in macro-econometric estimation, developing an approach to parameter estimation for a widely employed global CGE model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. An approximate likelihood function is developed and the set of optimum elasticity values is obtained by maximizing this approximate likelihood function in the context of a back casting exercise.  In addition, two statistical tests are performed. The first of these tests compares the standard GTAP elasticity vector with the estimated trade elasticity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28687

Economic Features of Canadian Organic Food at the Mass-market Retail Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vercammen,   James.
Over the past decade, Canada’s organic food industry has focused on the production of organic grains, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables and a limited amount of organic dairy products. Canadian organic grains and oilseeds are mostly destined for export, whereas Canadian organic fruits and vegetables and dairy products are mostly consumed domestically. With the exception of dairy products and a few other products such as breakfast cereal and fruit juice, Canadian companies have been mostly absent from the rapidly growing markets for processed organic foods. The extent to which these markets are currently being penetrated by Canadian organic food manufacturers and the size of the price premiums earned by these companies are worthy of investigation. Very little...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45742

A Spatial Mathematical Model Analysis of the Linkage between Agricultural Trade and Deforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Christoph; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann.
Like agricultural trade, deforestation has increased tremendously throughout the past five decades. We analyse the linkage between both factors by applying trade and forest policy scenarios to the global land-use model MAgPIE ("Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment"). The model predicts global landuse patterns in a spatially explicit way and uses endogenously derived technological change and land expansion rates. Our study is the first which combines global trade analysis with a spatially explicit mapping of deforestation. By implementing self-sufficiency rates in the regional demand and supply equations, we are able to simulate different trade settings. Our baseline scenario fixes current trade patterns until the year 2045....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115993

General and partial equilibrium analysis of the impact of the Central America Free Trade Agreement on the U.S. rice sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.
The market conditions proposed by CAFTA are likely to positively impact the U.S. rice sector. Despite the differences in the impact of the agreement, both analytical approaches, namely, partial and general equilibrium modeling, yield results in the same direction. The small difference in the results from both approaches suggests low income and cross-sectoral effects between the U.S. rice sector and other segments of the economy. U.S. rice production is likely to expand to meet an increasing international demand for this commodity. The U.S. rice milling industry should also expect benefits from CAFTA, expanding by 1 percent in the general equilibrium model and up to 8 percent in the partial equilibrium framework.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19238

The Impact of Imports on Price-Cost Margins: An Empirical Illustration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.; Lopez,   Elena.
This article decomposes the impact of imports on domestic price-cost margins into separate price and cost effects.  Using data from 24 food-processing industries, the empirical results show that although the direct impact of imports on prices is always negative, a positive net impact on price-cost margins occurs in industries characterized by low own-price elasticity of demand and diseconomies of scale. Further results show that the disciplining effect of imports is more preponderant the lower the degree of domestic competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Imports; Market structure; International trade; Food industry; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25153

UNITED STATES IMPORTS OF SPECIALTY PRODUCE: AN IMPORTER'S PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueroa,   Enrique E.; Echeverri,   Luis G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26682

Challenges to U.S. - Africa Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Richard.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33345

Trends and Developments in India's Livestock Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Gali,   Jyothi.
Since India’s independence some 50 years ago, it has experienced considerable economic growth and structural change; a trend accelerated by its structural reforms which began in 1991.  These changes are also reflected in trends in its livestock sector which has shown considerable growth in recent decades (especially since the late 1970s).  There have also been major changes in the composition of the Indian livestock sector.  The population of non-ruminants (particularly chickens) has expanded very rapidly and so their relative importance has risen substantially.  Non-ruminant production (poultry and pigs) has increasingly become commercialised and industrial in nature.  Trends and developments in India’s livestock industries since 1961 are outlined....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: India; Livestock production; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48006

Exchange Rate Misalignment and Its Effects on Agricultural Producer Support Estimates: Empirical Evidence from India and China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cheng,   Fuzhi; Orden,   David.
There have been different degrees of exchange rate disequilibrium in the developing countries during transition or reform periods since the mid 1980s. The level of the exchange rate and its misalignment can have significant impacts on agricultural policy measures such as Producer Support Estimates (PSEs). In the conventional PSE analysis, however, the actual (nominal) exchange rates are used. There is general agreement that the use of actual exchange rates may introduce a bias in the PSE calculations, and that this bias can be substantial in some cases. But there is less agreement on the most appropriate alternative. In this study, we utilize various time series techniques to derive estimates of the equilibrium exchange rates in India and China from the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer Support Estimates (PSEs); Agricultural support; Agricultural production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59778

Global Grain Stocks and World Market Stability Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Stephen W.; Sharples,   Jerry A.
The world's grain stocks are providing more world market stability than they did prior to 1978. Even though the volatility of world grain production increased since 1978, global consumption volatility declined. Grain production variability in the Soviet Union, United States, and Argentina appear to be major potential sources of instability to world grain markets, though much production variability in the Soviet Union and the U.S. is offset by their own stock adjustments. U.S. stocks have played a major stabilizing role on world grain markets. EC grain stocks in recent years have also played a stabilizing role. Reductions in U.S. and EC grain stock levels, a possible result of trade liberalization talks, could have important implications for market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51144

Aspekte gemeinsamer Agrarpolitik 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manegold,   Dirk.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98108

Agro-Exports and the Rural Resource Poor in Latin America: Policy Options for Achieving Broadly Based Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Michael R.; Barham,   Bradford L.; Mesbah,   Dina; Stanley,   Denise.
Concentrating on fundamental sector-level impacts that shape the nature of agro-export growth, this paper indicates how intrahousehold impacts fit into the analysis. Section 1 is introductory. Section 2 puts forward the conceptual framework needed to understand sectoral impacts of agro-export growth on the rural resource poor, impacts that can be divided into a small-farm adoption effect, a land-access effect, and a labor-absorption effect, all of which are interlinked. Section 3 explores the economic forces that shape the magnitude of the direct (adoption and land access) and indirect (labor absorption) effects of agro-export growth. Its chief message is that the agronomic and economic characteristics of agro-export crops interact with the intrinsic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12754

AS CONSEQÜÊNCIAS DOS ACORDOS DE LIVRE COMÉRCIO SOBRE O SETOR DE LÁCTEOS NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvim,   Augusto Mussi.
Este artigo analisa os principais efeitos dos acordos de livre comércio sobre o setor lácteo no Brasil, a exemplo do acordo regional entre os países do Mercosul e da UE, da ALCA e do acordo multilateral de comércio junto a Organização Mundial de Comércio. Para atingir tal objetivo foi utilizado de um modelo de equilíbrio parcial formulado como um Problema de Complementaridade Mista que permite avaliar mudanças em termos de produção, comércio e bem-estar considerando diferentes cenários alternativos. Este modelo considera multi-regiões e multi-produtos, o que permite analisar o impacto de políticas de livre comércio para diferentes regiões e diversos produtos lácteos processados.---------------------------------------This paper discusses the main effects of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Roblema de Complementaridade Mista; Modelos de equilíbrio parcial; Setor leiteiro; Análise multiregional e multi-produto; Mixed Complementary Problem; Partial equilibrium models; Milk sector; And multiregional and multi-product analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108580

German Foreign Economic Policy in the Age of Globalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koopmann,   Georg.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26395

QUANTIFYING REGULATORY BARRIERS TO ASIAN-U.S. FOOD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.; Wang,   Joanne.
Data on U.S. Food and Drug Administration import detentions and alerts are used to quantify regulatory barriers experienced by Asian food products entering the United States. These data offer the only comprehensive means of assessing regulatory barriers without relying on expert opinion, although they fall short of placing a dollar value on the volume of trade affected. The data show that meeting food regulations is a significant barrier to Asian food products entering the United States, especially for products originating in developing and newly industrialized countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asia; Food products; Regulatory standards; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14696

Selected Trade Agreements and Implications for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Dyck,   John H.
Since 2001, the United States has concluded negotiations with 13 countries, resulting in 8 trade agreements (TAs). Three additional agreements have been negotiated but not yet ratified by Congress, as of March 2011. Other countries have become increasingly active in negotiating their own trade pacts. This proliferation of TAs between key U.S. trading partners and competitors may have raised concerns among U.S. exporters, whose share in established markets could be eroded by such deals. In this study, ERS examines how recently concluded TAs between ASEAN (Southeast Asia) countries and China and Australia/New Zealand, as well as pending TAs between the United States and Korea, Colombia, and Panama, will likely affect U.S. agricultural trade. Model results...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Market access; Free trade agreements; Tariffs; Trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; Trade promotion agreements; GTAP model.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102754

Financial Development and International Trade: Regional and Sectoral Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Costa,   Rafael F.
Financial development has been argued as a potential source of comparative advantage and its relationships with trade has been theoretically developed. This theory posits that countries that are well financially developed should experience greater volumes of international trade. We empirically investigate the effects of financial development on trade of both agricultural and manufactured products. The results show a positive impact of financial development on bilateral trade flows for the manufacturing sector, which enjoys a greater impact than the agricultural sector. The impacts differ across regions. In most cases, developing countries (Asia, Latin America, MENA and SSA) experience greater impacts of financial development on exports in both agriculture...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Comparative advantage; Financial development; International trade; Manufacturing sector; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102647

U.S. BEEF TRADE AND PRICE RELATIONSHIPS WITH JAPAN, CANADA, AND MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   John M.
U.S. live cattle and beef trade has increased substantially since the mid-1980s. Total beef imports (cattle and beef, dressed weight) increased from 2.51 billion pounds in 1985 to 3.89 billion pounds in 1998. Total beef exports (cattle and beef, dressed weight) increased from 0.42 billion pounds to 2.38 billion pounds over the same period. Consequently, net imports declined by 0.58 billion pounds. On a value basis, U.S. net beef exports (value of total beef exports less the value of total beef imports) has become considerably less negative, increasing by 88 percent from 1980 to 1998. The overall improvement in the U.S. beef trade was characterized, however, by different trade impacts with the major export customers and import suppliers. These countries are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29165

THE EFFECT OF AN EMBARGO OF CALIFORNIA PEACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bauer,   Larry L.; Wells,   Gary J.; Rathwell,   P. James.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30442

Compétitivité de la filière riz local au Togo: Une évaluation du taux de protection nominale, effective et du coût en ressource domestique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tabone,   Kperim; Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Diagne,   Aliou.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors which influence the competitiveness of local rice in Togo in order to contribute to a better formulation of a rice policy.  This analysis was done by a characterization of the actual situation of the local production and by the evaluation of the incentives of the state pricing policy as well as the production’s competitiveness. The approach of the Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP) or reference price was used.  The analysis of the results shows, on the one hand, that the production of local rice in Togo exhibits a comparative advantage compared to imported rice and, on the other hand, that the public interventions favour the local production. Indeed, the local production benefits from an implicit protection...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Policy Analysis Matrix (MAP) rice; Quality; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95781

Potential Harmonization of Supplier-Retailer Interests: The US Food Industry &amp; Comparisons with International Examples (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konig,   Gabor.
Seminar presented to USDA Economists Group, Washington, DC, USA 03 September 2008
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market structure; Conflicts; Concentration; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43764

Time Series Evidence of Relationships Between U.S. and Canadian Wheat Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Smith,   Darnell B.; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.
In this paper, relationships between U.S. and Canadian wheat prices are examined using cointegration and error correction approach.  The use of an error correction model is appropriate because U.S. and Canadian wheat prices are first differenced stationary and cointegrated.  The results suggest that both U.S. durum and hard spring wheat prices respond to restore the equilibrium relationship with the corresponding Canadian price while the Canadian price does not respond to restore equilibria.  That is, the structure of the respective policies is such that Canadian markets are largely insulated from influences flowing from the United States while U.S. markets are not insulated from Canadian influences.  These results could be interpreted to support the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18575

An Assessment of Commodity Export Performance in South Pacific Countries, 1960 to 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Blowes,   Anita.
We examine export performance and the factors influencing export growth in ten South Pacific countries, concentrating on the comparative influences of geographic endowments, policies and institutions. The countries under study are Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Only Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands experienced a positive trend in total commodity export values. Agricultural export values grew significantly only in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Most countries experienced growth in non-agricultural commodity export values, albeit from a low base.  As a general rule, export performance was superior for countries with richer endowments of natural resources. Geographic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12949

EU Aid for ACP Investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolf,   Susanna.
The partnership between the EU and the ACP countries (that include 38 of the world's 49 least developed countries) has a long standing history and was renewed in 2000 with the Cotonou Agreement. Furthermore, the European Commission has become the world's fifth largest donor of development aid - and therefore one of the most important - in the 1990's. When total aid is looked at the ACP countries are disproportionally among those receiving the most foreign aid per capita in the world and hence the effects of European aid are of special relevance for them. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate the effect European aid has on investment in the ACP countries. It contributes to the ongoing debate on aid effectiveness by arguing that the impact f aid...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26129

An empirical model of optimal import phytosanitary inspection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Surkov,   Ilya V.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; van Kooten,   Olaf.
This paper presents an empirical model of optimal budget allocation for import inspection of imported commodities. In this model, the budget constrained inspecting Agency wants to minimize the expected pest costs related to import trade pathways. The model is applied to the problem of budget allocation for inspection of chrysanthemum cuttings imported to the Netherlands. The numerical results imply that under a budget constraint, resources should be first allocated for inspection of pathways with the greatest expected pest costs. Pathways with lower expected pest costs should receive less or no resources. The inspecting Agency has to trade off risks between inspected and non-inspected pathways.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21253

Analysis of the Korean Beef Market: A Study of Hotel Buyers' Perspectives of Beef Imports from Three Major Sources Part 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Renee B.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Jelen,   Paul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24129

Spanyolul tanul a magyar mangalica!
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torok,   Aron.
A sonkákat gyártó spanyol vállalat felismerte a mangalicában rejlő lehetőséget, azt, hogy a mangalica zsiradékkal finoman átszőtt húsának összetétele nagymértékben hasonlít annak az ibérico sertésfajtának a húsához, amiből a termékeiket gyártják. A spanyolok felvásárolták az állatok számukra értékes részeit, s hazánkban egyre többen fogtak ismét a mangalica tartásába. Az 1990-es évek második felétől kezdve a mangalica reneszánszát éli. Egyre több hazai húsüzem kezdett ismét mangalicát feldolgozni, önálló mangalica termékcsaládokkal megjelenve a piacokon. A mangalicák törzskönyvezését az újra megalakult Mangalicatenyésztők Országos Egyesülete végzi, s csak az a sertés nevezhető mangalicának, amelyről az egyesület igazolást ad....
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Mangalica; Hungarikum; Serrano sonka; Őshonos állat; Mangalica; Hungaricum; Serrano ham; Native breeds; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119922

Are Competitors' Free Trade Agreements Putting U.S. Agricultural Exporters at a Disadvantage?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Dyck,   John H.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Vollrath,   Thomas L.
The growing number of free trade agreements among U.S. competitors has prompted questions about whether U.S. agricultural exporters may lose a share of the global market. ERS research shows that the recently created ASEAN-China and ASEANAustralia/ New Zealand free trade agreements are likely to have modest adverse impacts on U.S. agricultural exports. The Mercosur-Colombia free trade agreement has reduced U.S. agricultural exports to Colombia; U.S. grain sellers face increasingly stiff competition due to preferential tariffs granted to Mercosur exporters.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121095

Impacts of Trade Liberalization on the New York Horticultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Gerald B.; Bills,   Nelson L.; Schluep,   Isabel.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121123

A REVIEW OF TARIFF RATE QUOTA ADMINISTRATION IN CANADIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.
To analyze Canada's Tariff Rate Quota (TRQ) administration, a model of efficient quota administration is put forward. After examining the operation of the Canadian TRQ system for its twenty-one TRQs, conclusions are drawn. In general this system has worked well in Canada. The quotas are almost all filled, and the administration is transparent and not costly for quota-holders to use. Among the international lessons from Canada's experience are that few WTO rules may be needed in this area, aside from steps to ensure the TRQ is fully available to users and can be freely transferred among them.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31335

Tariff Escalation in the Doha Talks--Bringing the Issue to Resolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John; Vanzetti,   David.
Development objectives dictate that the Doha negotiations address tariff escalation. This could increase the production and export of processed goods in developing countries, expand investment and employment, and reduce dependence on primary product exports. Despite its importance, little progress has been made, notwithstanding that a final resolution to the negotiations will not be possible without bringing this issue to resolution. This paper quantifies tariff escalation within WTO members' tariff schedules and the degree to which a tiered formula could address this problem. Utilizing a detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model we estimate the possible gains to developing countries from reducing tariff escalation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6034

U.S. - Mexican Tomato Wars and the 1996 Antidumping Suspension Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunter,   Lewell F.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: 1996 Antidumping Suspension Agreement; U.S.-Mexican Tomato Wars; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45705

U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AND DOMESTIC PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURAL EXPORT DEMAND PROJECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Martin E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13998

CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE UNDER CUSTA: HIGHLIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
The report summarizes highlights of papers presented in the conference entitled "Challenges in Agricultural Trade under CUSTA" held in Fargo, North Dakota on October 26-27, 2000.  The main objective of the conference was to analyze emerging issues in agricultural trade between the United States and Canada under the U.S./Canada Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA).  Specific themes include: (1) changes in trade patterns under CUSTA, (2) CUSTA's impact on bilateral agricultural trade,  (3) recent evolution of the U.S. and Canadian marketing systems, (4) major issues for future commercial integration, and (5) trade disputes and negotiations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Free trade agreement; Wheat; Barley; Cattle; Beef; Trade disputes; Trade negotiations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23552

Alternativas de políticas comerciais para o agronegócio brasileiro sob diferentes pressuposições de retorno à escala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gurgel,   Angelo Costa; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
Este trabalho procura determinar os impactos de diferentes opções de política comercial, sob pressuposições alternativas de retornos à escala e natureza da competição, nos segmentos industriais, com ênfase especial nas indústrias ligadas ao agronegócio. O modelo de equilíbrio geral aplicado, GTAPinGAMS, é usado para implementar as simulações. Os resultados sugerem que os ganhos de bem-estar tenham sido superiores no modelo que considera as imperfeições de mercado. As variações setoriais na produção, importações e exportações foram levemente diferentes em magnitudes e sinais, sob pressuposições alternativas de estruturas de mercados, e dependentes da política comercial implementada. As diferentes medidas de política comercial permitem o aproveitamento de...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Política comercial; Economias de escala; Equilíbrio geral; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56829

Trends versus cycles in global wine export shares
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labys,   Walter C.; Cohen,   Bruce C.
The global wine market has witnessed major changes in recent years. Some of these changes are structural in nature or trend-following, whereas others are cyclical. Recently, new market entrants have increased their exports not only to traditional European markets but to other importing regions as well, whereas Old World producers have experienced declining market shares. However, the evidence examined here suggests that market share data also contain strong cyclical components. Mixed results also occur when the wine export data are disaggregated into products. This paper employs econometric methods to analyse the recent major shifts in world wine market shares and explains whether these are more of a secular trend-setting nature or of a temporary cyclical...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International wine trade; New World wine producers; Old World wine producers; Wine cycles; Wine market shares; Wine trends; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116981

Demand for Florida fresh specialty citrus
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Muraro,   Ronald P.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Citrus; Demand; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52713

Food Safety Requirements in African Green Bean Exports and Their Impact on Small Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh.
Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products, in an effort to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. However, in order to access developed country markets and urban domestic markets, these products must meet food safety requirements, including protocols relating to pesticide residues, field and pack house operations, and traceability. Faced with stringent food safety requirements, companies that establish production centers in low-income countries might exclude poor farmers, thus negatively impacting the poor. We herein study this issue in the case of the green bean export sectors in three African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia. In the short-term, stringent food safety...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International food safety standards; Smallholders; Supply chains; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42362

Análise do desempenho das exportações brasileiras de carne bovina: uma aplicação do método Constant-Market-Share, 1995-2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Machado,   Lenilma Vera Nunes; Amin,   Mario Miguel; Carvalho,   Fatima Marilia Andrade de; Santana,   Antonio Cordeiro de.
The study analyzes the behavior of the Brazilian’s beef exports, in natura, during the 1995 to 2003 period. It shows that the substantial increase in exports made the country one of the leading beef exporters and tries to identify the factors that contributed for this growth. The methodological procedures involve the application of the Constant-Market-Share model to identify the sources of growth of the exports through the world trade growth effect, origin of exports effect and competitive effect. The composition effect was not estimated given the fact that the model was applied to only one product. The results show that the competitive and structural effects gave a significant increase to the Brazilian’s exports. The study shows, also, that Brazil...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Brazilian’s beef exports; Constant-Market-Share; Competitive and structural effects; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55191

FUTURE AUSTRALIA-JAPAN TRADE RELATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bieda,   K.
The leitmotif of this paper is the strong, rising and alarming trend of deficits in Australia's balance of payments current account, which makes it overwhelmingly important to increase exports. Market promotion, substantially the existing method, will not do the job in a world with politically set up trade barriers. Multilateral political negotiations about the removal of the trade barriers within the G.A.T.T. system are unlikely to help for Australia's range of exports. Therefore Australia must enter into bilateral negotiations with any likely important customer, the most obvious one being Japan, to lower trade barriers on a bilateral basis, and this under the existing international agreements can be done only under the guise of a partial free trade area.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22404

Legal Knowledge and Economic Development: The Case of Land Rights in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deininger,   Klaus W.; Ayalew,   Daniel; Yamano,   Takashi.
Mixed evidence on the impact of formal title in much of Africa is often used to question the relevance of dealing with land policy issues in this continent. We use data from Uganda to assess the impact of a disaggregated set of rights on investment, productivity, and land values and to test the hypothesis that individuals' lack of knowledge of the new law reduces their tenure security. Results point towards strong and positive effects of greater tenure security and transferability. Use of exogenous knowledge of its provisions as a proxy for the value of the land law suggests that this piece of legislation had major economic benefits that remain to be fully realized.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25431

The Impacts of Clementine Imports on Florida Tangerine Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Clementine; Imports; Florida tangerines; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36815

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan; Nivievskyi,   Oleg; von der Malsburg,   Emanuel Elsner; Movchan,   Veronika.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48512

Do Protectionist Trade Policies Protect? The Unintended Consequences of an Antidumping Tariff
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.; Smith,   Vincent H.; Marsh,   John M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93719

End-Use Certificates for Wheat: Trade-Distorting Administrative Barriers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Buckingham,   Donald E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50711

IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND STRATEGIC TRADE THEORY: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stiegert,   Kyle W.; Wang,   Shinn-Shyr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14589

TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER NAFTA: WHERE FROM HERE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Huff,   Karen.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16819

Seafood Label Effectiveness in the Amherst Market: A Study of the Quality and Quantity of Point of Purchase Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagstaff,   James.
As evidenced by the recent release of a comprehensive Institute of Medicine report on seafood consumption and by the passage of the 2002 Farm Bill, it is clear that there is growing concern about the health benefits and risks of fish consumption. This research project was designed to analyze the seafood market in Amherst, Massachusetts, and, specifically, to explore the effectiveness of seafood product labeling provided by the largest retailers in the area. Studying the availability of seafood and the associated labeling practices reveals how the Amherst market meets the needs of different consumers. While each venue generally adheres to the regulatory requirements of seafood labeling, this research includes recommendations as to how the market might...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Seafood; Country of Origin Labeling; Retail Availability; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; D12; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7388

IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE TENSION AND DISPUTES ARISING FROM STRUCTURAL IMPACTS OF NAFTA: A CANADIAN HOG INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rice,   Martin.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16877

THE APPLE JUICE CONCENTRATE ANTI-DUMPING CASE AGAINST CHINA: AN ESTIMATE OF CHANGE IN WASHINGTON'S REVENUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Voorthuizen,   Hilde; Cho,   Sung-Yeol; Schotzko,   R. Thomas; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
Increasing volumes of apple juice concentrate imports from China into the U.S. began in the mid 90s as a result of low Chinese prices.  In 1999, the U.S. Apple Association launched a complaint with the US International Trade Commission (USITC) regarding the Chinese price strategy.  During the course of investigation, the U.S. Apple Association requested that the Department of Agricultural Economics at Washington State University analyze the impact on the total value of juice apples utilized in Washington during the span of the USITC investigation.  To determine the magnitude of the effect of the USITC investigation, not only on finished apple juice prices but also on the Washington raw product price, an inverse demand for finished product and an input...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26519

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Impacts on Japan’s Import Demand for Cooked and Uncooked Poultry, Beef, Pork, and Other Meats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taha,   Fawzi A.; Hahn,   William F.
First developed meat import demand system, disaggegating poultry meat into two products, cooked poultry (safe)and uncooked poultry meat (less safe). The model includes, beef, pork, and other meats as well.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CBS model; Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI); BSE; Meat import demand system; Cooked poultry; Uncooked poultry; Beef; Pork; Other meats; Structural change; Japan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q17; Q18; Q21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103853

TRADE REMEDY LAWS AND NAFTA AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gunning-Trant,   Caroline; Carter,   Colin A.
Trade remedy law is viewed as a major vehicle for protection in U.S. agriculture. The objective of this paper is to summarize the use of trade remedy law by U.S. agriculture and to highlight examples of where the use of these laws conflicts with free trade agreements such as NAFTA. Empirical evidence is presented of the effects of U.S. trade remedy laws on agricultural imports. We find evidence that is consistent with trade diversion on positive rulings and an "investigation effect" on negative rulings.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11962

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Jayatilleke S.; Jayasuriya,   Sisira.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48480

U.S.-CANADA WHEAT TRADE AND ITS EFFECTS ON U.S. PRICE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
The objectives of this study are to analyze the factors causing an increase in wheat imports from Canada and to estimate the effect of increased wheat imports on U.S. prices and farm income.  An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine these factors and effects.  Canadian exports to the United States are estimated as a function of U.S. price, the U.S. - Canada exchange rate, and other variables, while U.S. price is estimated as a function of imports from Canada, U.S. domestic supply and consumption, and exports.  The two equations are estimated simultaneously.  Results from this model are used to estimate the effect of imports from Canada on U.S. farm prices and income.  Results indicate that imports from Canada have a significant negative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Bilateral trade; Hard red spring wheat; Durum wheat; Farm price; Farm income; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23572

THE NON-NEUTRALITY OF WTO BORDER TAX ADJUSTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCISE TAXES UNDER IMPERFECT COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Border tax adjustments for environmental taxes should leave imports of final goods unchanged.  If intermediate and final goods markets are imperfectly competitive though, non-neutrality can result.  Under Cournot behavior, an import tax equal to the environmental tax is too high, and under Bertrand, an import subsidy is the appropriate policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19673

The Food Processing Industry, Globalization and Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilkinson,   John.
Transformations in the food processing sectors of developing countries are increasingly seen as strategic from the point of view of export earnings, domestic industry restructuring and dietary issues. This article reviews a selection of the literature on these themes. It begins with a discussion of the main trends identifiable in the food processing industries of the three regional blocs of the developed world, since it is their combined impact that determines the complex patterns of globalization. There follows a discussion of the importance of non-traditional food processing exports by developing countries and the different interpretations to which it has given rise. The internal transformations of the food processing sector of developing countries under...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food processing industry; Restructuring; Exports; Dietary issues; SME; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11999

Trade Liberalization and USA Lumber Exports, 1982-1986
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammett,   A.L.; McNamara,   Kevin T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60036

Vertical Market Structure, Commodity Exports and Trade Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In the analysis of commodity markets, comparatively little attention is paid to the fact that commodity exports are intermediates that form inputs into the food processing and retail sectors in developed countries. Exporting countries correspondingly argue that access to developed country markets are determined by market structure characteristics of the downstream food sector. Given the vertical nature of these markets, they are most appropriately characterised by successive oligopoly and/or oligopsony. We explore trade policy issues facing commodity exporters, and show that the impact of tariff reform on commodity exporters is determined by the market structure characteristics of the downstream sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical market structure; Trade reform; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F12; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24754

Interpretation of Long-term Trade Projections:  China's Role in Forecast Discrepancies and its Impact on Expectations for World Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Seth D.; Hansen,   James M.; Meyers,   William H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44998

Transcript of Remarks and International Agricultural Trade Outlook (Paper and PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Terpstra,   A. Ellen.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8079

FOREIGN TRADE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcorn,   George B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1952
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17621

AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN VIETNAM: PRODUCER SUPPORT ESTIMATES, 1986-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Hoa; Ulrike,   Grote.
Since 1986, Vietnam started to move from a centrally-planned towards a market-oriented system. It underwent several major economic and trade reforms – a process which is still not completed. At the same time, it also started to open its economy. Vietnam has become a member of the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), signed several bilateral trade agreements and is currently negotiating accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). First positive results of the reform process became visible in the early 1990s when poverty declined to a large extent. Since then, the Vietnamese agricultural sector has also experienced high growth and impressive export achievements. The country changed from a food importer to one of the major exporters worldwide. The question...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Markets; Free trade; Trade agreements; World Trade Organization; Poverty; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60456

Zollkontingente bei US-amerikanischen Käseimporten
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gast,   Michael W.
A tariff-rate quota (TRQ) is a two-tier tariff. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture provides for the transformation of remaining import quotas into TRQs in order to eliminate quantity restricting import barriers to trade. However, more often than not are TRQs de-facto-quotas. The profit-maximizing condition for an importer confronted with two differentiated goods under a common quota is derived. The main focus of the present article is the US import regime for cheese which was transformed according to the tariffication process into a TRQ system. Analysis of cheese import quantities shows that this transformation has indeed little changed. Being the only remarkable exception in partially overcoming the import barriers, the case of New Zealand...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quota; Cheese; USA; Differentiated products; Price discrimination; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98246

The Effects of Maize Trade with Malawi on Price Levels in Mozambique: Implications for Trade and Development Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Ana Paula; Tschirley,   David L.
Resultados das investigações do Departamento de Análise de Políticas MAP-Direcção de Economía
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Maize trade; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55213

HOW NAFTA WILL AFFECT AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES: REGIONAL IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17189

Economic Asymmetries, Trade Liberalization and Integration: Issues and Policy Implications for CARICOM Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walters,   Lurleen M.; Lowe,   Garfield G.; Davis,   Carlton George.
Much has been written about the challenges facing CARICOM as a result of the liberalization, globalization and integration phenomena. This paper adds value to the conversation by addressing the nexus between and among economic asymmetries, trade liberalization and economic integration, as it relates to CARICOM as small developing economies. The paper seeks to highlight the salient issues of CARICOM economic adjustment challenges under trade liberalization and integration imperatives, particularly as they may be subjected to the constraints of economic asymmetries. In doing so, it steps away from the conventional approach of reciting a series of data usually associated with the issues and instead, engages in commentary and assessment regarding the changing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15703

Determinants of Argentina’s External Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catao,   Luis; Falcetti,   Elisabetta.
Following the liberalization reforms of the late 80s and early 90s, several emerging market economies have experienced large and persistent trade deficits. This paper focuses on the Argentine experience, examining the extent to which trade imbalances in the 1990s resulted from income and relative price movements, as well as from shifts in foreign trade elasticities associated with structural changes. New estimates of export and import equations are presented using a broader set of variables than previous studies and distinguishing between intra and extra MERCOSUR trade. We find that considerable export sensitivity to world commodity prices, domestic absorption, and economic activity in Brazil, combined with a high income elasticity of imports, are key...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Foreign trade elasticities; International competitiveness; MERCOSUR; International Relations/Trade; F11; F14; F31.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44427

INTRODUCING MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION INTO THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Swaminathan,   Padma V.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28704

Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Tsur,   Yacov.
Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuel Production; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48927

Determinants of U.S. Textile and Apparel Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amponsah,   William A.; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor.
A gravity model using panel data is applied to determine factors affecting textiles and apparel trade flows into the United States. The study confirms that a nation's aggregate output and per unit productivity serve as important determinants of textiles and apparel trade into the U.S., and the exporting country's depreciating exchange rate as well as its lower prices relative to U.S. prices for textiles and apparel play an important role in determining textiles and apparel trade flows to the U.S. market. Since the WTO's multilateral trade restraining policies of the multi-fibre arrangement (MFA) is found to have slowed down imports, its abrogation in 2005 should lead to greater textiles and apparel imports to the U.S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Brand equity; Brand valuation; Real options; Food firms; Growth option value; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8191

Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Metarhizium-based Biopesticide to Control Cotton Bollworms in Benin (West Africa)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adetonah,   Sounkoura; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Nouhoheflin,   Theodore; Kooyman,   C.; Kpindou,   D.
The study assesses farmers’ perceptions and willingness to pay for a biopesticide developed from Metarhizium anisopliae a fungi. A sample of 400 conventional and organic cotton producers was randomly selected in cotton producing zones in Benin and interviewed for their perceptions on the efficacy of the biopesticide and the likely prices they are willing to pay for the product to control a major pest like Helicoverpa armigera or cotton bollworm causing substantial crop losses. An econometric model (Logit) is used to identify factors highly likely to affect farmer’s willingness to purchase the product. The results show that Helicoverpa armigera or cotton bollworm is perceived by farmers as the most severe pest with losses reaching up to 100%. Farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biopesticides; Cotton bollworms; Farmers survey; Benin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52128

INTERNATIONAL TRADE: HOW IT AFFECTS VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Martin; Peterson,   Everett B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14824

An analysis of the dispute European Communities - Protection of trademarks and geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charlier,   Christophe; Ngo,   Mai-Anh.
The dispute "European Communities - Protection of trademarks and geographical indications for agricultural products and foodstuffs" that opposes the European - Union to the United States and Australia, has been raised by the European regulation concerning the protection of geographical indications. This dispute has two important issues. First, the Panel demonstrated that the European regulation did not comply with national treatment promulgated by the TRIPS and the GATT 1994 Agreements. Second, the Panel affirmed the possibility of coexistence between GIs and identical prior trademarks. This article considers these two issues and depicts the position of the parties at the end of the dispute regarding GIs' protection. The first part of this article presents...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Intellectual property; National treatment; TRIPS; Dispute settlement.; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10032

The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture: A New World Order for Agricultural Trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacLaren,   Donald.
Agriculture has been successfully brought back into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In this review, which is intended to draw heavily on a set of unpublished conference papers, a brief history of the issues, the proposals and the outcomes for agriculture are presented. The possible implications for the agricultural sectors of the Australian and New Zealand economies are discussed. The formation of regional trading arrangements and their place in a multilateral trading environment is analysed. Agricultural trade and environmental issues are discussed within the context of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement. Finally, some items for the future agenda are presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12468

Economics and Tourism Development: Structural Features of Tourism and Economic Influences on its Vulnerability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
To a large extent, economic factors explain the global growth of the tourism industry, the concentration of tourism in high-income countries, and the high degree of cross-border tourism between higher income countries themselves. This is discussed. In doing so, shortcomings of tourism statistics reported by the World Tourism Organisation are examined. These statistics can be quite misleading as a means of identifying the relative importance of tourism to different nations. This is shown by rank correlations and conceptually. Economics not only influences the geographical spread of tourism but it is a major determinant of market structures in the tourism industry. These industrial market structures, such as those involving monopolistic competition, combined...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism industry; Tourism; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90522

Of Models and Measures: Some Thoughts on the Use and Abuse of Policy Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50880

Supply Chain Contracts and Food Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Starbird,   S. Andrew.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93487

Optimal Coverage of Installations in a Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanderson,   Todd; Ancev,   Tihomir; Betz,   Regina.
Trading schemes for emission allowances have become a panacea for nations aspiring to reduce their aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases from industry in a cost-effective manner. The contention of this paper is that an emissions trading scheme (ETS) should not be based on blanket coverage of installations on a downstream level, but should rather be designed to include some installations, and from some industrial sectors. In the case of an ETS there are high costs of administration, monitoring and transacting imposed on the installations covered. These costs are supposed to be more than offset by the cost savings realised through trading in the market for emission allowances. However, the paper shows that not all installations can fully offset...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Emissions Trading Scheme; European Union; Marginal Abatement Costs; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6047

The Determinants of US Outgoing FDI in the Food-Processing Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xun,   Lei; Awokuse,   Titus O.
Global economic growth has led to an increase of FDI activity in the agro-food sector, which together with the increased FDI in the manufacturing sector, has generated increased FDI activity in food processing. This paper fills a gap in the literature on the role of FDI by extending the recent Knowledge-Capital (CMM) model of multinational enterprises to the food processing sector. Following the CMM model, this paper analyzed the determinants of US outgoing FDI in the food processing sector using data on developed countries over the period 1983 -– 2002. The result suggests that economy size, factor endowment, home country trade cost and host country investment cost have significant effect on FDI activity in the food processing sector. Only weak empirical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19131

Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Price Gaps
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.
The paper develops a procedure for decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps, defined as the difference between a commodity's domestic producer and border prices. Two decomposition approaches are presented, depending on whether policy allows transmission from changes in trade prices and exchange rates to domestic prices. The methods allow one to isolate and measure the effect on the price gap of changes in agricultural policy versus non-policy variables. The decomposition procedure is demonstrated in an example involving the price gap for Russian poultry in the late 1990s. The results are consistent with the argument that for developing and transition economies, the main cause of changes in price gaps is incomplete transmission of changes in exchange...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14592

Is There an End to U.S.-Canadian Softwood Lumber Disputes?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen.
I develop a two-country theoretical trade model to show that Canadian subsidies increase lumber supplies and exports to the United States, and the U.S. retaliatory tariff raises U.S. prices safeguards producers, but hurts consumers.  These results underscore the short-sightedness of policy decisions in a bilateral trade dispute, as empirical results from the multiregional spatial equilibrium trade model highlight that both countries pursue myopic policies without taking into account the reactions of other exporters and importers.  For instance, after the imposition of U.S. tariffs, other exporters grab the market share lost by Canada in the United States, while Canada augments its exports to other importers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canadian subsidy; Lumber market; U.S. tariff; WTO ruling; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43754

Estimativa de uma equação de demanda de exportações brasileiras de café - período de 1980 a 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvim,   Flavio Henrique Botelho; Bacha,   Carlos Jose Caetano; Alves,   Cesar de Castro.
Este trabalho estima uma equação de demanda de exportações brasileiras de café, considerando-se o período de 1980 a 2001, por parte dos países importadores. As principais variáveis determinantes dessa demanda são o preço do café brasileiro, o preço do café colombiano e a quantidade mundial exportada de café. Essa última variável é considerada proxy da renda dos consumidores estrangeiros e dos gostos desses consumidores de café brasileiro. Constatou-se que a demanda de exportações brasileiras de café apresenta elasticidade-preço e preço-cruzada próxima da unidade, e elasticidaderenda inferior a um. Esse alto valor absoluto da elasticidade-preço da demanda internacional de café brasileiro, provavelmente, é fruto do cenário internacional que caracterizou o...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exportações; Café; Elasticidades; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56817

Measuring Competition for Textiles: Does the United States Make the Grade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welch,   J. Mark; Lyford,   Conrad P.
Increasing competition from foreign manufacturers threatens the viability of textile producers in the United States. This paper evaluates the U.S. competitive position in the cotton yarn segment using established quantifiable measures and provides an overall competitive assessment. The measures employed show the United States to be at a relative competitive disadvantage when compared to major international producers of cotton yarn. However, the margin of this competitive disadvantage is shown to be relatively small and in some cases, decreasing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competition; Cotton; International trade; Textiles; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44901

International Trade and Air Pollution: The Economic Costs of Air Emissions from Waterborne Commerce Vessels in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Robin; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Although there is a burgeoning literature on the effects of international trade on the environment, relatively little work has been done on where trade most directly effects the environment: the transportation sector. This article shows how international trade is affecting criteria air pollution emissions in the United States' shipping sector. Recent work has shown that cargo ships have been long overlooked regarding their contribution to air pollution. Indeed, ship emissions have recently been deemed "the last unregulated source of traditional air pollutants." Air pollution from ships has a number of significant local, national, and global environmental effects. Building on past studies, we examine the economic costs of this increasing and unregulated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15594

Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Caused by SPS Measures and Customs Procedures with Product Quality Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Lan; Yue,   Chengyan.
This study develops a methodology to quantify the combined effects of two major nontariff barriers (NTBs), sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and customs and administrative procedures. We employ a constant elasticity of substitution (CES) utility function with factor-augmenting technical progress to incorporate changes in the quality of goods. We then estimate the effects of these two NTBs in the Japanese cut flower market. Results show that estimates of SPS are biased without considering product quality changes caused by the customs and administrative procedures for highly perishable agricultural products. If these Japanese NTBs were removed, findings suggest there would be a significant increase in cut flower imports by Japan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Customs and administrative procedures; Cut flowers; Japan; Non-tariff barriers; Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; Technical barriers to trade; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50087

TRADING REMEDIES TO REMEDY TRADE: THE NAFTA EXPERIENCE; DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodloe,   Carol.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16927

Trade Effects of the East African Community
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Shams,   Rasul.
This article evaluates the trade effects of the new East African Community, which fosters trade liberalisation among Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The analysis uses a disaggregated approach at the two-digit level of the Standard International Trade Classification. The commodities that will be particularly affected by the customs union are identified. The results show that considerable trade effects cannot be expected, except for a very narrow range of products. The transitional fund, which has been proposed to counter trade imbalances due to the new customs union in East Africa, becomes less urgent from this perspective.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Customs Union; EAC; Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23870

Communicating Ethical Arguments to Organic Consumers: A Study Across Five European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naspetti,   Simona; Zanoli,   Raffaele.
Additional ethical claims were tested with mock organic egg labels in five EU countries. The attitudes towards the advertising labels were assessed by multiple copy testing measures. A total of 156 individual responses were analysed. The study confirms the difficulty of conducting advertising research in a multicultural framework, and shows that additional local/ regional claims can reinforce the appeal of organic products.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cross-cultural advertising; Ethical values; Consumer attitudes; Organic food; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121946

Country-of-Origin Labeling and the Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   David P.; Capps,   Oral, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93388

IMPACT OF PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CROPS AND LIVESTOCK ON WORLD FOOD TRADE PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.
World food trade patterns have changed in the last 40 years with the share of world trade comprised of bulk commodities falling, and the share of world food trade comprised of processed commodities rising. These changes have been driven by a combination of supply and demand forces. On the demand side, world demand for livestock products and more highly processed food products has been rising more rapidly than that for bulk products. This increasing demand can either be met from domestic production or from foreign production – in the latter case resulting in increased international trade. The extent to which the increased demand can be met from domestic production depends importantly on the rate of productivity growth in the various components of the farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20366

THE IMPACT OF THE CANADA-U.S. HOG/PORK TRADE DISPUTE ON THE COMPOSITION OF U.S. PORK IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larue,   Bruno; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
Trade theorists have demonstrated that different trade policy instruments have different effects on the quality and source of imports.  Countervailing duties (CVDs), like specific tariffs, should induce quality upgrading.  However, the magnitude and timing of the quality adjustments are influenced by the credibility of the duties that can be legally contested and modified after annual administrative reviews.  Index numbers are used to assess the timing and magnitude of the product mix and country mix substitution effects in U.S. pork imports in response to the U.S. CVDs on Canadian exports of live hogs and fresh, chilled, and frozen pork.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31414

A Free Trade between Ukraine and the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nekhay,   Olexandr; Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; Fellmann,   Thomas.
The negotiations on a deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) between Ukraine and the EU are currently in process. Such a FTA can be expected to imply opportunities as well as challenges for agricultural markets. This paper provides a model-based quantitative assessment of the potential impacts of a FTA on agricultural commodity markets in the EU and Ukraine. For the quantitative analysis the dynamic, partial equilibrium model AGLINK-COSIMO has been adapted and applied. The modules for the EU and Ukraine have been extracted from the global model and prepared to run together. Thus, the focus is on the bilateral trade positions and not on the effect on other countries. The simulation of a FTA between the EU and Ukraine was done through the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ukraine; EU; Free Trade Agreement (FTA); Agricultural Markets; AGLINK-COSIMO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114616

IMPORT-SAVING AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hume,   L.J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1961
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22547

COMPETITION AMONG FOREIGN AND CHINESE AGRO-FOOD ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wei,   Anning; Cacho,   Joyce A.
Based on various case studies, this article examines the interaction of foreign investors and local operators in globalization in the agro-food market in China.  The study found that to break the limitation of the high-end market and to position mainly in the middle market were critical for international brands to succeed.  Asian companies approached the China market as an insider because of cultural proximity.  The latter, plus focused management and effective technology, made their operations profitable easily, but also exposed them to the risk of overexpansion.  Quality products at affordable prices were the catch-up approach adopted by local players.  At the early stage of globalization, winning tactics for local enterprises include imitating and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34239

Alkalmazkodási kényszerben a magyar agrárgazdaság
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Udovecz,   Gabor.
Az agrárgazdaság újabb alkalmazkodási feladat előtt áll. A világpiacon – Európában és itthon is – egyszerre erősödik a kereslet a mezőgazdasági termékek iránt az élelmiszerek és a bioenergia piacán. E folyamat egybeesik az éghajlatváltozással összefüggő nagyobb termelési kockázatokkal, valamint a Közös Agrárpolitika soros felülvizsgálatával, illetve az összevont gazdaságtámogatási rendszer (SPS) hazai bevezetésével. A szakértői elemzések, a gazdaságmatematikai modellek különböző eredményei azt valószínűsítik, hogy a jelenleg uralkodó fejlődési trendek, alkalmazkodási és együttműködési készségek mentén a magyar agrárgazdaság 2013-ig inkább lemaradást, mintsem felzárkózást hozó pályára sodródik. Ezen a pályán alig nő a termelés, stagnálnak a reáljövedelmek,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alkalmazkodási kényszer; Jövőkép; Fejlődési pályák; Innováció és együttműködés; Pressure to adapt; Future prospects; Development path; Innovation and cooperation; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57722

Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Agriculture: Commitments, Cooperation and Conflicts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Hall,   Shannon L.
With regard to international organisations, agricultural economists have tended to focus their attention on the World Trade Organisation. There is a good reason for this – WTO negotiations determine, to a considerable degree, the international constraints on the imposition of barriers to market access, the subsidisation of exports and the subsidisation of domestic production. Most governments, however, have made a wide range of additional international commitments that have implications for trade and domestic policy making in agriculture through the negotiation of a large number of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) such as the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Biosafety Protocol (BSP). These have received much...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45737

The Impact of Tariffs on U.S. Exports of Value-Added Wheat Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Joyce Hall; Wilson,   William W.; Dooley,   Frank J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23311

THE IMPACT OF ELIMINATION OF THE U.S. ORANGE JUICE TARIFF ON THE MARKET FOR PROCESSED ORANGE PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spreen,   Thomas H.; Brewster,   Charlene; Brown,   Mark G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15669

SMALL COUNTRIES AND THE CASE FOR REGIONALISM VS. MULTILATERALISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burfisher,   Mary E.; Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
Much of the debate over whether or not developing countries gain from regional trade agreements (RTA’s) has focused on two characteristics that are common to developing countries: their relatively high tariffs and their high trade dependencies on one or a few developed trade partners. In this paper, we address a third common characteristic: their use of distorting domestic policies that are closely linked to trade restrictions. We argue that participation in an RTA can create pressures for domestic policy reforms. We analyze the case of a small country, Mexico, forming an RTA with two larger countries, the U.S. and Canada, in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Mexico exhibits all three characteristics of a developing country: relatively high...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16295

The Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Locational Choice of Japanese Foreign Direct Investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkpatrick,   Colin; Shimamoto,   Kenichi.
This paper assesses the impact of environmental regulation in host countries on Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) decision-making. It tests the pollution haven hypothesis using data on national environmental regulation standards and Japanese inward FDI in five dirty industries (iron and steel industry, non-ferrous metals industry, chemicals industry, paper and pulp industry, non-metallic products industry). The results do not support the pollution hypothesis. On the contrary, inward Japanese FDI appears to be attracted to countries which have committed themselves to a transparent and stable environment regulatory environment, suggesting that the quality of the regulatory framework in terms of its certainty and transparency has a greater influence on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Foreign direct investment; Japanese multinationals; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q56; F21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30584

DISCUSSION: ISSUES, IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACTS OF HARMONIZATION, CONVERGENCE/COMPATIBILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryanton,   Debra.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16889

International Dairy Notes, October 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Collapse of the Doha Round WTO Negotiations: Implications for the U.S. Dairy Industry
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; WTO Negotiations; U.S. Dairy Industry; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37733

Relationship between Trade Liberalisation, Growth and Balance of Payments in Developing Countries: An Econometric Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Ashok.
The objectives of this paper are to study the impact of liberalisation on trade deficits and current accounts of developing countries. It is expected that trade liberalisation would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources, by encouraging competition, and by increasing the flow of ideas and knowledge across national boundaries. Trade liberalisation could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payments position. This study uses panel data of 42 countries (both time-series and cross-section dimension) to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation and growth on trade balance while controlling for other factors such as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Panel data; Income Terms of Trade; Dynamic Optimisation; Dynamic panel model; International Relations/Trade; C21; C22; C23; F13; F14; F32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26212

IS A BEEF DEFICIENCY PAYMENT PARETO-SUPERIOR IN SOUTH KOREA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Gerald C.; Lee,   Yong-Kee.
South Korea uses a quota and a tariff on beef imports to keep farm prices high. Part of the quota rents are used to support indirect benefits to producers. The welfare costs of these policies are analyzed. Following a suggestion of Hayami, a deficiency payment financed by tariff revenues from increased imports is considered as an alternative to the quota. As Anderson (1983) found for Japan, a deficiency payment is Pareto-superior only if indirect benefits from the quota revenue are ignored.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32622

Austrian Border Regions and Eastern Integration A Low Competitiveness - High Growth Paradoxon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayerhofer,   Peter.
Many regions on the EU Eastern borders have developed favourably after the opening up of the border and the implementation of association agreements with the CEECs. This was often seen as a positive sign for the further perspectives of these regions after EU enlargement. In this paper we take a closer look at the mechanisms involved in a case study for Austria. Based on a very disaggregated data set at a regional as well as sectoral level we find that neither sectoral preconditions nor locational advantages can explain the good performance of (rural) border regions after 1989. Using multivariate cluster analyses we group 3-digit-industries to theoretically founded typologies indicating different sector characteristics and find that (fast growing) rural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Border Regions; Integration; EU Enlargement; Regional Competitiveness; Austria; International Relations/Trade; F02; F15; R11; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26234

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND ISSUES FOR THE NEXT ROUND OF AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan; Honma,   Masayoshi; Josling,   Timothy E.; Lee,   Jaeok; MacLaren,   Donald; McClatchy,   Don; Miner,   William M.; Pursell,   Garry; Sumner,   Daniel A.; Valdes,   Alberto.
Contact for this paper:  Stefan Tangermann, Institute of Agricultural Economics, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany.  Among the many new achievements made in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, the ambitious and wide-ranging Agreement on Agriculture (The Agreement) was a significant departure from the way agriculture had traditionally been treated in the international trading order.  Completely new rules and commitments were established in the areas of market access, export competition and domestic support.  While it was generally agreed that the nature of these new WTO provisions for agriculture pointed in an appropriate direction and held promise for the longer run process of reforming the multilateral trading regime for agriculture, it was...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14618

Overview of Existing Agricultural Trade Models and Modeling Efforts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roningen,   Vernon O.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50632

Agricultural trade in North America: Trade creation, regionalism and regionalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Paul,   Rodney.
Trade creation in agricultural products is defined as a statistically significant positive break in the trend function of the growth in exports and imports between member countries. The present study attempts to determine the time of any break in the trend of real exports and imports between the Canada–USA Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) member countries for the years 1980:I through 1999:II, and document the scale of the phenomenon. The present study finds trade creation only occurs in USA agricultural exports to Canada because of CUSTA. The results confirm the theory that the regionalism of NAFTA did not lead to regionalisation or an increasing share of intraregional international trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116991

Impact of China's Accession to the WTO on U.S. Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coleman,   Jonathan R.; Fry,   John T.; Boughner,   Devry S.
China's accession to the WTO has been welcomed by a broad range of U.S. agricultural interests. The WTO agreement will lower tariffs and other barriers, and increase market access, but the actual benefits to U.S. exporters will depend on the competitiveness of U.S. exports with those of other countries and on China's implementation of WTO rules. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Agriculture indicates immediate gains in export sales for U.S. agriculture, gains that will increase over time as market access expands and as Chinese economic growth boosts demand for imported agricultural products. However, some observers express less optimism, indicating that while U.S. exports to China should expand "in theory," in practice exporters will face several hurdles...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15886

How Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Has Affected World Poultry-Meat Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taha,   Fawzi A.
In 2003, outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus had a major negative impact on the global poultry industry. Initially, import demand for both uncooked and cooked poultry declined substantially, due to consumers’ fear of contracting avian influenza by eating poultry meat. Consumer fears adversely affected poultry consumption in many countries, leading to lower domestic prices, decreased production, and lower poultry meat exports. These reductions proved to be short-lived, as prices, consumption, production, and exports returned to preoutbreak levels in a relatively short time. As consumers gained confidence that poultry was safe if properly handled and cooked, world demand for cooked poultry increased. The cooked poultry share...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Highly pathogenic avian influenza; HPAI H5N1; Cooked poultry meat; Uncooked poultry meat; Poultry exports; Domestic poultry prices; Export poultry prices; Poultry consumption; Poultry production; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7360

The Relative Importance of Preferences for Country-of-Origin in China, France, Niger and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehmke,   Mariah D.; Lusk,   Jayson L.; Tyner,   Wallace E.
Country-of-origin (COO) is an increasingly politicized credence attribute in the globalizing food system. While international policy development in this area is geographically far-reaching, the benefits of country-of-origin labels (COOL) to producers and consumers from countries in different locations and levels of economic development are not clear. Previous work investigates the importance of COO to consumers, but is typically limited in scope to consumers in one nation. In addition, little is known about the importance of COO information relative to other credence attributes, especially in non-meat food products. This study measures the benefits of COOL to an internationally diverse set of consumers (in developed and developing countries) and estimates...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Country-of-origin; Genetic modification; Organic; Conjoint; Onion; Information; Food policy; International Relations/Trade; Q13; Q18; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25408

A COMPARISON IN TRANSITO: TO ADAPT, APPLY AND EVALUATE THE ITC'S TPI FOR ANALYSING EXPORT INDUSTRIES' EXPORT STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF FRESH GRAPES AND ORANGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blignaut,   C.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18023

Die Marktordnungen für Obst, Gemüse und Bananen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monning,   Bernd; Winterhoff,   Esther; Bohlen,   Peter.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96744

Tourism Development as a Dimension of Globalisation: Experiences and Policies of China and Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Both China and Australia have participated in the process of growing economic globalisation in recent decades.  This paper compares trends in the openness of China’s and Australia’s economy in terms of international trade and foreign direct investment, and then examines global trends in international tourism.  This dimension of growing globalisation indicates an accelerating trend in the second half of the 20th century.  The article shows how China was able to take advantage of this trend as a consequence of its economic reforms and opening up to the outside world.  A mini-case study of the expansion of China’s tourism industry and its evolving policy framework is provided.  Australia also has obtained significant growth in its tourism industry in recent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; China; Australia; International trade; Foreign direct investment; International tourism; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90535

IMPACT ASSESSMENTS OF CHANGING AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TARIFF BARRIERS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND EUROPEAN UNIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fenyes,   Tamas I.; Meyer,   Nicolas G.; Breitenbach,   Marthinus C.
The aim of this study is to measure the competitiveness of the South African Agricultural Sector by analysing the effects of the Trade Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA). In broad terms the effects are expected to be twofold: (1) increased competition on the local market by the European Union (EU) products entering the market on a duty-free basis, and (2) improved access to the EU market for South African (SA) exports. These effects are analyzed by: • Taking a closer look at the TDCA.  • Performing an export impact assessment.  • Performing an import impact assessment.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Cooperation; Export-import assessment; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43241

THE BIOSAFETY PROTOCOL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12893

Selected Paper Abstracts, Annual Meetings
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53104

Simulated ACRE Payments and Risk Reduction Point to Midwest as a Potential Winner
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vocke,   Gary; Allen,   Edward W.; Price,   J. Michael.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121433

Protecting the African Elephant: A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
International trade in ivory is banned in order to protect the African elephant. The trade ban is supported by some range states, because it is seen as an effective means for protecting a 'flagship' species, but is opposed by states, mainly in southern Africa, because populations exceed the carrying capacity of local ecosystems. Issues concerning the ivory trade ban are addressed in this paper using a dynamic partial-equilibrium trade model that consists of four ivory exporting regions and a single demand region. Results indicate that a trade ban might not be successful in maintaining elephant populations, even if it leads to a stigma effect that reduces demand and increases the marginal costs of marketing ivory. Results suggest that the species will...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21206

THE LINK BETWEEN FARMGATE AND WORLD PRICES IN THE WAKE OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION:  THE CASE OF COLOMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Carlos Felipe; Nupia,   Oskar Andres.
The study measures the extent to which farmgate price levels have effectively increased their degree of integration with world price movements following trade liberalization in Columbia.  Results show that the extent of integration varies greatly depending upon the crop, and that market-specific policies have isolated some farmers from international influences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20819

The Development of Samoa: An Analysis of Trends, Issues and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Samoa is one of the five least developed Pacific island nations according to the classification of the United Nations. This article reviews the situation of Samoa in relation to its development generally but paying particular attention to: public and private finance; social issues such as education and health; its trade and external balance and economic infrastructure. Policy suggestions are made in relation to each of these matters and an assessment given of the development status of Samoa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Samoa; Pacific Island Nations; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100032

INSTRUMENTOS DERIVATIVOS PARA O AGRONEGÓCIO: MISTIFICAÇÃO OU SOLUÇÃO?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Edwin Pinto De La Sota; Amaral,   Carlos Antonio Lopes Vaz Do; Castro,   Leandro  Bianchini De; Araujo,   Lucas Golcalves De.
Os anos 90 foram, para os países em desenvolvimento, marcados pela busca de um caminho para a estabilização econômica, fazendo com que as empresas se adequassem à nova realidade. Com as empresas ligadas ao agronegócio não foi diferente. No Brasil, esse processo o foi mais intenso, principalmente após o advento do Plano Real (1994), quando as empresas tiveram de se adaptar a uma economia estabilizada, buscando novas fontes de receita e não aquelas advindas simplesmente do comércio dos produtos in natura a que elas estavam habituadas, mas sim agregando valor ao produto para se manter no mercado. Nesse contexto, aliado à abertura do mercado, o ambiente econômico ficou mais competitivo, obrigando as entidades produtivas e empresariais a aumentar sua exposição...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Definição de Risco; Gestão de Riscos; Hedge; Derivativos; Risk Defining; Risk Management; Hedge; Derivatives; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114130

Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Formation of Global Innovation Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Comune,   Maria; Naghavi,   Alireza; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
Current version uploaded April 2013.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Information Communication Technology (ICT); Innovation; Foreign patenting; R&amp;D linkages; Southern innovation; International Relations/Trade; F2; O1; O3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115816

MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LIBERALIZED AFRICAN EXPORT COMMODITY MARKETS: THE CASE OF COCOA AND COFFEE IN COTE D'IVOIRE, NIGERIA AND CAMEROON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric.
A performing market information system (MIS) is a key accompanying measure to market liberalization.  The paper discusses the objectives and purposes of a MIS, its ideal characteristics and its concept and implementation, based on experiences with the cocoa and coffee MIS set up and presently operating in three liberalized African export commodity markets.  A phased approach is suggested, with each phase being well defined and launched sequentially.  The timing and location of the MIS unit, the dissemination strategy and the financing are discussed.  An appropriate dissemination strategy is of vital importance to reach all intended beneficiaries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31860

AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER NAFTA: THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gifford,   Michael N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16846

EXCHANGE RATES AND THE MEASUREMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRICE DISTORTIONS IN CEECs AND OF CEEC-EU ACCESSION COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Munch,   Wolfgang; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Exchange rates were heavily distorted under the central planning system in Central and Eastern Europe and are still adjusting in the transition process.  The use of nominal exchange rates introduces a bias for international price comparisons and in calculations based on them. We present various exchange rates and discuss their relevance and usefulness for CEEC economic transition studies. We show that calculations of agricultural price distortions, protection rates and budgetary costs of EU-CEEC accession are sensitive to the exchange rate assumptions.  More specifically, our simulations of EU-CEEC integration effects show that net exports are substantially smaller and budgetary costs less under the assumption of continued real appreciation of the CEC-4...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31863

Transshipment in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andriamananjara,   Soamiely; Arce,   Hugh M.; Ferrantino,   Michael J.
Data representing transshipment or re-exports are almost always excluded from analytical portrayals of international trade, yet transshipment is potentially an important phenomenon in understanding a number of economic questions, and is increasing in importance. Rapid technological change in areas such as containerization and hub-and-spoke routing has promoted the practice of transshipment. While there are significant gaps in the data, the share of re-exports in global exports has undoubtedly increased rapidly, from perhaps 1 in 20 in the mid- 1980s to perhaps 1 in 6 today. Econometric analysis of U.S. domestic exports and foreign exports (re-exports) over pairs of U.S. ports and destinations suggests that re-exports are significantly more sensitive than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15871

Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Assessing the Consequences for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Jean,   Sebastien; Matthews,   Alan.
Recent analyses suggest that the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on developing countries will be very uneven. Simulations suggest that the effects of agricultural trade liberalization will be small, overall, and are likely to be negative for a significant number of developing countries. The Doha Round focuses on tariff issues, but these countries currently have practically duty-free access to European and North American markets under preferential regimes. Multilateral liberalization will erode the benefits of these preferences, which are presently rather well utilized in the agricultural sector. The main obstacles to the exports of the poorest countries appear to be in the non-tariff area (sanitary, phytosanitary standards) which increasingly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade liberalization; WTO; Developing countries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24628

Impacts of Wheat Export Strategies on Market Shares
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Yang,   Seung-Ryong.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23387

Trade and Development When Exports Lack Diversification: A Case Study From Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Persaud,   Suresh Chand; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager.
Developing countries, particularly those that depend heavily on a small number of agricultural exports, are vulnerable to domestic and international shocks. These countries often have difficulty achieving sustained economic growth. This analysis uses Malawi, a country that earns most of its foreign exchange from tobacco, as a case study of export concentration and heavy exposure to volatility. The econometric results suggest that the decline in Malawi’s gross domestic product (GDP) when tobacco exports are falling is almost three times greater than the increase in GDP when exports are rising. Model-based simulations indicate that variability in tobacco exports leads to slower economic growth because GDP falls by a relatively large amount in response to a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Tobacco; Export-led growth; Asymmetry; Volatility; Productivity; Trade; Development; Marketing efficiency; Price transmission; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55943

OUR NATION AND ITS AGRICULTURE: THE WORLD SCENE IN THE YEAR 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13576

The Recession and its Impact on Foreign Direct Investment Flows into the Food System of Less Developed Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babool,   Md. Ashfaqul Islam; Saghaian,   Sayed H.
This study investigates the effects of the current recession on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the food sectors of developing countries. The study tests the hypothesis that the economic recession adversely affects FDI flows in the food sector. The specific objectives are: to identify determinants that influence FDI inflows; to develop an econometric model to estimate changes in FDI inflows as influenced by factor determinants, including the present recession; and to compare the impact of the recession on FDI in the food system in different developed and developing economies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Recession; FDI; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98786

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TRADE: ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, MEDICINALS AND BOTANICALS, AND PHARMACEUTICALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Pamela J.
We examine the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on US exports of biological, medicinal, botanical, and pharmaceutical products.  We find that: (1) strong IPRs enhance monopoly power of US exports in countries with weak imitative abilities;  and (2) strong IPRs expand markets for US exports in countries with strong imitative abilities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Exports; Biotechnologies; Medicinals; Botanicals; Pharmaceuticals; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; F13; Q16; Q17; K55; O34.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21525

Measuring the impact of trade policy reform in Ireland: A disaggregated analysis of household impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Ana Corina; Matthews,   Alan; Boysen,   Ole; Donnellan,   Trevor; O'Donoghue,   Cathal.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of further trade liberalisation on the agricultural sector in Ireland. In addition to evaluating the aggregate impacts on agricultural production as well as the spill-over effect of this on the non-agricultural sector and for overall Irish GDP, we evaluate the effects for different types of households. In order to capture economy-wide impacts of the policy reform, a CGE model was formulated and implemented using a social accounting matrix constructed for Ireland for the year 2005. Household effects are captured using representative households. The simulation results suggest a positive impact on the Irish economy as well as on the representative households. Many agricultural sectors contract in the process...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; CAP reform; CGE model; Macro and welfare effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; D58; I3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99598

The Effects of Biotechnology Policy on Trade and Growth: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper “The Effects of Biotechnology Policy on Trade and Growth,” which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23878

Analyzing the Impact of Trade Preferences in Gravity Models. Does Aggregation Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agostino,   Maria Rosaria; Aiello,   Francesco; Cardamone,   Paola.
There are two sources of bias in the existing gravity equations used to assess the impact of non-reciprocal preferential trade policies (NRPTPs). The main inconsistency comes from the use of aggregate export flows at country level to analyse the effects of trade preferences which, by contrast, apply at product level. The second source of bias is that the literature does not deal with the main econometric issues which are likely to be present when a gravity equation is estimated. This paper discusses the first problem using evidence based on three levels of data aggregation (total exports, total agricultural exports and 2-digit). Furthermore, the estimation methods take into account the unobservable country heterogeneity as well as the endogeneity of trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7294

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Assessing the Benefits of Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.; Johnston,   Brian G.; Blandford,   David; Kilkenny,   Maureen; Bochniarz,   Henryka; Magiera,   Stephen L.; Dixit,   Praveen M.; McGregor,   Robert M.; Frohberg,   Klaus; Robinson,   Sherman; Hickenbotham,   Terry L.; Roningen,   Vernon O.; House,   Robert M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49873

International agreements relating to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and implications for Dutch policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eaton,   Derek J.F.; Kalaugher,   Electra; Bijman,   Jos.
Policy issues related to plant genetic resources are socially, technically and scientifically complex. This report summarises the international agreements and relevant bodies con-cerning plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), FAO Global Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources (GPA), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA), the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and the International Con-vention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). The various obligations arising from these conventions and treaties are reviewed. In so doing, this...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29132

GROUNDNUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION: A SOUTH-SOUTH DEBATE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Diop,   Ndiame; Matthey,   Holger; Sewadeh,   Mirvat.
We use a new partial-equilibrium, multi-market international model to analyze trade and agricultural policies affecting markets for peanut/groundnut products. The model covers four goods in thirteen countries/regions, including a large set of developing countries. Welfare is evaluated by looking at consumers' equivalent variation, quasi-profits in farming, quasi-profits in crushing, and taxpayers' revenues and outlays implied by distortions. We calibrate the model on recent historical data and current policy information. We analyze several groundnut trade liberalization scenarios in deviation from the recent historical baseline. Trade liberalization in groundnut markets has a strong South-South dimension, opposing India and, to a lesser extent, China to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distortion; Doha; Groundnuts; Negotiations; Oil; Peanut; Protection; Trade liberalization; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18329

CANADIAN DAIRY EXPORT SUBSIDIES AND THE WTO APPELLATE DECISION: DAIRY MARKET EXPANSION IN LIMBO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussell,   Al; Martin,   Larry J.
The dairy industry in Canada was turned on its ear by the release of the WTO decision last fall that Canada's Special Milk Classes constitute an export subsidy. Dairy processors fear the loss of established export markets. At the same time, the decision threatens the role of supply management authorities as the sole marketers of farmers' milk. Will farmers market milk for export directly to processors? What consequences could renewed marketing board involvement in exports have in the international trade arena? The industry is preparing for conflict as it reorients itself in the international market. That conflict is embedded in proposals made by some of the milk marketing agencies and by some processor members of the National Dairy Council(NDCC).  Because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18136

SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE IN AN ERA OF EXPANDING EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Kenneth C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29575

Estimation Issues in Single Commodity Gravity Trade Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prehn,   Soren; Brümmer,   Bernhard.
Recently gravity trade models are applied to disaggregated trade data. Here many zeros are characteristic. In the presence of excess zeros usual Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) is still consistent, the variance covariance matrix however is invalid. Correct economic interpretation however requires also the last. So alternative estimators are looked for. Staub &amp; Winkelmann [2010] argue that zeroinflated count data models (i.e. zero-inflated Poisson / Negative Binomial Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (ZIPPML / ZINBPML)) are no alternative since under model misspecification these estimators are inconsistent. Yet zero-inflated Poisson Quasi- Likelihood (PQL) is a reliable alternative. It is consistent even under model misspecifications and beyond that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity Model; Homogeneous Firm Trade Model; Excess Zeros; Overdispersion; Negatively Skewed Distribution; Poisson Quasi Likelihood; Two Part Model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114776

Factors Affecting Cheese Trade in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norman,   Ben; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124094

Optimal Trade Policies for a Developing Country Under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choi,   E. Kwan; Lapan,   Harvey E.
This paper investigates optimal trade policies for a developing small open economy which faces international price uncertainty. Trade taxes are used to finance provision of a public good, which enters the utility function of consumers. If demands for private goods are independent of the public good, the optimal composite tariff dominates the optimal quota. If the optimal state-contingent tariff increases with the foreign price, the optimal specific tariff also dominates the optimal quota, regardless of risk aversion. However, the ranking of the optimal specific tariff and the optimal quota generally depends on risk attitudes as well as ordinal preferences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51263

Economics of Conventions and the New Economic Sociology and our Understanding of Food Quality and New Food Markets and Trade Institutions: What are markets that pure economics does not know?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allaire,   Gilles.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53203

THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON U.S. MEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Donald J.; Chung,   Pin J.; Meyers,   William H.
This paper examines the impact of domestic and foreign macroeconomic variables on U.S. meat exports, including beef, pork, turkey, and chicken, in the context of an open economy.  The results show that foreign macroeconomic variables exert more significant and persistent effects on U.S. meat exports than domestic macroeconomic variables.  The implication is that the U.S. can increase its meat exports more effectively by expending efforts on international macroeconomic policy coordination rather than on domestic sectoral policy.  The results also suggest that macroeconomic models of the agricultural sector should include foreign variables and should not be limited only to domestic ones.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31542

The Politics of Incoherence: A Framework for the Analysis of Functional Overlap in International Governance as Two-Level Game
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungcurt,   Stefan.
Functional overlap in the jurisdiction and competencies of international agreements can lead to incomplete and contradicting regulation, which erodes benefits form international cooperation. The framework developed in this paper seeks to further the theoretical analysis of the domestic and international determinants for the origin and the persistence of such incoherence. Using international regulation on the conservation of plant genetic resources as an illustrative example I address two theoretical challenges – the problem of cross-level inference in theories of international cooperation and the differentiation of processes of substantial bargaining from those of negotiated institutional change. Substantial bargains can be formally analyzed as two-level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18841

What a Difference a Day Makes: An Estimate of Potential Gains from Trade Facilitation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Norbert L.W.
The current paper uses a series of metrics of customs and administrative procedures produced by the World Bank to estimate gravity models.  The metrics include estimates of the number of days at the border, the number signatures and the number of documents necessary for a product to cross the border of the importer and the exporter.  Simulations using the estimated elasticities show that to improve trade reductions would need to be made in the different metrics.  For the greatest benefits all trading partners would have to make the improvements.  Additionally, some products are more sensitive to the metrics than others.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9958

TRADE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GRIDLOCK AT THE CROSSROADS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pompelli,   Greg.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15419

General Equilibrium Effects in the South African Maize Market: International Trade Simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Schoor,   Melt.
Following deregulation in the 1990's the South African maize producing industry has been suffering a gradual decline. Current low prices suggest that this trend may continue or worsen. This paper discusses the results from a static general equilibrium model for the South African economy to evaluate the effects on the economy. The analysis covers summer cereals producing agricultural regions, production in other sectors in the economy, commodity markets and the economy at large. Additionally, the effects on factors, households and the government are analysed. The first set of experiments is aimed to evaluate the effects of an increase in import tariffs on summer cereals. The results indicate that under normal conditions South Africa will experience little...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15632

Red, white and 'green': the cost of carbon in the global  wine trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colman,   Tyler; Paster,   Pablo.
Climate change is altering a wide range of human activities, including wine making. While wine may appear to be one of the most natural alcoholic beverages, it is not without carbon inputs and emissions, which contribute to the very change in climate that is altering both wine and wine making. In this paper, we use a carbon life cycle analysis to develop a model for quantifying carbon inputs in a bottle of wine. Current regulatory arrangements do not capture the carbon costs of wine effectively since most costs are externalized. We conclude with estimates of the cost of carbon under various regulatory regimes, which suggest how wine producers and consumers can reduce the carbon footprint of wine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wine market; Carbon footprint; Wine trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37318

Agricultural Productivity Grew in Every State
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ball,   V. Eldon.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124044

THE EFFECTS OF CANADIAN SPECIAL MILK CLASSES IN THE U.S. AND CANADIAN DAIRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seol,   Hwayoung; Cox,   Thomas L.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
Canadian Special Milk Classes have been the focus of longstanding WTO disputes on whether they work as export subsidies.  This paper models the Special Milk Classes and Commercial Export Milk (CEM) explicitly in the U.S. and Canadian dairy trade and finds their effects.  The effects of trade liberalization are also discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22016

Entrepreneurial Supply Chains and Strategic Collaboration: The Case of Bagòss Cheese in Bagolino, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent; Marletta,   Piercarlo; Biere,   Arlo W.
Many small towns and communities are struggling to sustain their competitiveness in the face of increasing globalization. Yet, through entrepreneurial supply chains, some communities are organizing themselves to forge local solutions to their global challenges. The essence of entrepreneurial supply chains is its ability to facilitate alignment of all participants in the chain, eliminating moral hazard and opportunism risks. It is argued that this governance system and an ability to protect the common assets from infringement by outsiders are necessary for the success of these solutions. The research uses Bagòss cheese, produced in the small Italian village of Bagolino, to illustrate the characteristics of entrepreneurial supply chains and test the effect...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Entrepreneurial supply chain; Bagòss cheese; Globalization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q10; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53796

Enlargement of Trade Blocs: National Welfare Effects If Trade Is Liberalized
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Salhofer,   Klaus.
Small countries may benefit from the formation of a trade bloc, since their combined market power will enable them to manipulate the terms of trade. The question of interest is whether countries will benefit from the enlargement of a trading bloc, if trade liberalization induces countries to substitute domestic support measures for conventional border protection. The paper deals with this question by analyzing the conditions for positive welfare effects resulting from the enlargement of a trade bloc. Based on a partial equilibrium trade model, we consider a game in production taxes/subsidies between two trade blocs. The tax/subsidy instrument may capture the production effect which can be induced by a combination of environmental, health or safety rules....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalization; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D6; F11; Q17; C7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25529

International traveling and trade: further evidence for the case of Spanish wine based on fractional VAR specifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gil-Alana,   Luis A.; Fischer,   Christian.
This paper deals with the relationship between international travelling and trade. For this purpose we focus on a particular case study: the connection between the Spanish wine exports to Germany and the German travellers to Spain. Unlike previous studies we use a methodology based on fractional vector autoregressive models, which permits us to compute the impulse responses in a similar way as in the standard VAR case. The results show that the orders of integration of the two series are constrained between 0 and 1, being higher for the arrivals series than for the exports. The impulse response analysis reveals that an increase in travelling produces a positive initial impact on trade though it tends to disappear in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Multivariate models; Fractional VAR; Tourism.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7859

A Brief Overview of Mozambique's Rural Development and the Role of U.S. Assistance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121119

THE ROLE OF THE U.S. DOLLAR IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Mulik,   Kranti; Koo,   Won W.
This study examines the J-curve phenomenon for the U.S. agricultural trade and compares the effect on agricultural trade relative to U.S. non-agricultural trade.  For this purpose, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted to estimate bilateral trade data between the United States and her three major trading partners „Ÿ Japan, Canada, and Mexico.  We find little evidence of the J-curve for U.S. agricultural trade with Japan, Canada, and Mexico.  For non-agricultural trade, on the other hand, the behavior of U.S. trade with industrialized economies such as Japan and Canada follows the J-curve, but not with developing economies such as Mexico.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Autoregressive distributed lag model; J-curve effect; Non-agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23482

WHERE IS BASMATI RICE COMING FROM? A GLOBAL TRADE–RELATED OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giraud,   Georges; Pirzada,   Syed Wajid H.
Rice contributes on 20% towards human calorie intake of the world population and 30% of Asian population. Worldwide paddy rice crop was 668 million tonnes in 2008, while rice trade during the year was 30 million tonnes. Trade represents 7% of overall rice cropping. Basmati rice export counts for high value and low volume. Although Basmati crop is primarily from two countries, specific data related to Basmati export are scarce. Basmati trade constituted 8.3% of rice world trade during 2008, with a record of 2.45 million tonnes. Recent volatility of prices affects rice trade market, but less Basmati price that is still the highest on world rice market. This paper depicts the present situation of Basmati trade and its business prospects as a tradable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Basmati rice; World trade; Origin; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51698

Adulteration Accounts for Majority of FDA Food-Related Import Refusals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buzby,   Jean C.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/125223

THE CURRENT WTO AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS: OPTIONS FOR PROGRESS; SYNTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixit,   Praveen M.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Blandford,   David.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14623

AN INTERTEMPORAL, MULTI-REGION GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN THE SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN NICs, TURKEY, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayar,   Ali; Diao,   Xinshen; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
With the aid of an intertemporal, multi-region general equilibrium model, we study issues of agricultural trade liberalization, growth and capital accumulation in the context of a world economy moving towards a multi-polar structure. We specifically focus on Turkey, the European Union, the Middle East, and the Economies in Transition; and study alternative scenarios of formation of customs unions and increased trade orientation. The model is based on intertemporal general equilibrium theory with Ramsey-type dynamics. The world economy is fully endogenized within a 9-region specification, with Turkey, EU, Middle East and the Transition Economies constituting as one of the indigenous regions. A key feature of the model is its explicit recognition of both the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16276

Competition between the U.S. and West Africa in International Cotton Trade: A Focus on Import Demand in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Kiawu,   James.
We estimate the demand for imported cotton in China and assess the competitiveness of cotton-exporting countries. Given the assertion that African cotton producers are ill affected by U.S. cotton subsidies, our focus is the price competition between the C4 countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali) and United States in China. Demand estimates are used to project how U.S. prices affect China’s imports by country. In comparing demand projections, results show that the relationship between the United States and the C4 has more to do with how U.S. prices can affect global prices rather than any substitute or competitive relationship in the Chinese market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; China; Cotton; Demand; Imports; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103210

Macroeconomic impacts of export commodity price subsidy in Papua New Guinea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kannapiran,   Chinna A.
A macroeconometric simulation study is undertaken to evaluate the impacts of a price subsidy for tree crops in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The price subsidy had favourable impacts on tree crop export income, aggregate demand, private consumption, and investment and employment. It increased imports, the budget deficit, and the demand for money and adversely affected the fiscal balance, inflation and interest rates, the BOP position and macroeconomic stability. The price subsidy contributed favourably to internal balance but adversely affected external balance. It worked against many of the policy objectives and made macroeconomic management difficult. With the introduction of the price subsidy, the government violated the commitments made under the Uruguay...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117475

Facilitating Farm-Level Adjustment to the Reform of Trade and Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hill,   Berkeley; Blandford,   David.
This document was prepared by David Blandford, Penn State University and Berkeley Hill, London University. It is based on results from a research project funded by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture entitled "Policy Reform and Agricultural Adjustment" under a Cooperative Agreement with the Pennsylvania State University (No. 43-3AEK-3-80047).  Additional funding was provided by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC). Under the project, there was an international workshop at Imperial College, London in October 2003 and an IATRC symposium in Philadelphia in June 2004. The studies that are used as the basis of this paper are contained in an edited volume to be published by CABI Publishing (Blandford...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14572

Trade Policy Implications of Carbon Labels on Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baddeley,   Shane; Cheng,   Peter; Wolfe,   Robert.
Despite the presence of food miles labels and carbon labels on the market for many years, relatively little data is available on how consumers respond to these labels. It is one thing to show people saying in surveys they will use carbon labels, and quite another to have evidence of people actually using them. Carbon labels could be complicated to develop and implement fairly, with significant burdens on producers, especially in developing countries. If the only problem that a carbon label solves is relieving the bad conscience of rich western consumers, then they will be a disaster. Tackling climate change is too urgent to waste time and resources on anything that may prove to be a sideshow.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy carbon; Labels; Wto; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122740

International Marketing and Trade of Protected Designation of Origin Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mora,   Cristina.
This poster paper analyses the international marketing and trade strategies implemented by italian quality food producers with special attention to the export and trade aspects for some important Italian PDOs products: Prosciutto di Parma PDO and Parmigiano Reggiano PDO. Discussing the international marketing and trade strategies, according to the traditional 4P approach, the poster paper will report examples of the strategies of the exporters and would focus on the rapid change in trading and distribution channel. The future of PDO products is not only connected to their positioning, to their promotion and international protection but also to the strategies of the retail leaders and to the overall strategy of the procucers, that range from small companies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: PDO products; International marketing; Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese; Parma ham; Consolidation in traditional food sector; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7863

Determinants of competition in agro-food trade between Central European Countries and the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
This paper investigates determinants of competition in agro-food trade between five transition Central European Countries (CEC-5) (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and the European Union (EU-15) countries during the preenlargement years 1995-2003. We distinguish between one-way exports and imports, and two-way successful and unsuccessful price and quality competition in agro-food trade between the CEC-5 and the EU-15. The effect of trade balance on trade competition is found more significant than the effect of export-import unit values difference. Natural and human factor endowments increase price competition and reduce unsuccessful quality competition. Higher level of economic development reduces quality competition, whereas the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competition categories; Determinants; Agro-food trade; Central and Eastern Europe; European Union.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7779

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This paper focuses on estimating the effects of trade partner income and real trade-weighted exchange rates on US agricultural exports. For the period 1970-2003, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 1.6 percent while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.8 percent. We find these effects also carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, although the effects are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We also find that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6686

IMPORTÂNCIA DAS EXIGÊNCIAS TÉCNICAS À EXPORTAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Mauricio Jorge Pinto de; Burnquist,   Heloisa Lee.
This article presents results of a survey applied to Brazilian exporting firms to obtain primary data, which are subject to a statistical analysis about the relative importance attributed to technical barriers to trade. The methodological procedure used consisted in Rio Branco – Acre, 20 a 23 de julho de 2008 Sociedade Brasileira de Economia, Administração e Sociologia Rural factor analysis. This allowed the construction of three indexes: Traditional determinants Index - ICOND, Trade Impediments Index - IIMP and Technical requirements Index - IEXIG. The results indicated that technical requirements effects are different than other variables that affect exports. Additionally, the firms surveyed considered the IEXIG more restrictive than IIMP to their...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical barriers; Brazilian exports; Factor analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96281

Farm Income, Financial Conditions and Government Assistance - Data Book
Provedor de dados: 31
The purpose of this data book is to provide easy access to key economic and financial indicators for the farm sector and information on government assistance to the agriculture and agri-food sector. The information is prepared in consultation with the provincial ministries responsible for Agriculture. Assistance is also provided by other members of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as well as by officials in other federal and provincial departments.  The data book is divided into four sections. Section A presents information related to farm income. Section B contains information on farm financial conditions. Section C provides data on government expenditures for the agri-food sector. Section D provides information on estimates of support to agriculture....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm income; Farm financial conditions; Government expenditures; Estimates of support to agriculture; Farm cash receipts; Expenses and income; Operating revenues; Farm family income; Farm debt; Assets; Liabilities; Net worth; Producer Support Estimate; PSE; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52050

The Uruguay Round: From Cold War To Cooperation In Negotiating Temperate-zone Agricultural And Trade Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hillman,   Jimmye S.
It is not likely that Governments will take precipitous action following the Uruguay Round. However, the large industrial economies should continue to press heavily for the revision of farm programs until a better accommodation is reached. The moves toward gradual decoupling of farmers' support payments from agricultural output and price levels should be the first order of business of Governments everywhere. This reform should be supplemented by greater international attention to domestic policies which create non-tariff barriers to trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12479

Special Treatment and Policy Space for the Developing Economies in the Multilateral Trade Regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Das,   Dilip K.
The contemporary multilateral trading system comprises members ranging from high- to very low-income countries; this range has a bearing on the operations of the multilateral trade regime. Presence of a large number of low-income members is the new systemic reality. Special and differential treatment (SDT) has operated for the developing economies, principally for the small, low-income ones, for many decades. The concept of SDT grew in three basic stages, on which this article elaborates. Theoretically this concept was meaningful and significant, but in reality it has not engendered substantial benefits to the intended beneficiary groups, the developing economies. The Uruguay and the Doha Rounds of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) reaffirmed faith in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10291

Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade among Quad Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper uses a gravity-like structure derived from a monopolistic competition model to measure market access among Canada, USA, Japan and EU – Quad countries – over the 1996-2001 period. We explore the overall asymmetry and 18 food industrial-level asymmetries of bilateral trade openness. Using actual bilateral estimates of tariffs and nontariff barriers, we investigate their role in explaining the trade reduction effect of national borders. A representative estimate of market access shows that higher asymmetries exist in USA, Canada and EU trade with Japan. Quite surprisingly, the last country is always more open than the reverse. Finally, we found that tariffs and NTBs explain a significant part of the border effects and that the NTB role is often...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market access; Food trade; Asymmetry; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24596

Exchange Rate Misalignment and Its Effects on Agricultural Producer Support Estimates (PSEs) in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cheng,   Fuzhi; Orden,   David.
This paper examines the effects of the exchange rate misalignment on the agricultural Producer Support Estimates (PSEs) in India. Based on various time series techniques, the equilibrium exchange rate of the Indian rupee and the corresponding misalignment are estimated and applied to the calculations of the PSEs. Our results show that the indirect effect from exchange rate misalignment on India's agriculture has either amplified or counteracted the direct effect from sectoral-specific policies. The indirect effect of exchange rate overvaluation has potentially taxed the agricultural sector in India during the periods leading up to the financial crisis. However, the magnitude of these indirect effects becomes smaller in the later periods when the actual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25299

EU’s Import Demand for Fresh Grapefruit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
This report provides fresh grapefruit import data regarding European Union 15 (EU-15) and an in-depth look into the share changes for fresh grapefruit imports by country of origin during the period from 1989 through 2006.  The Rotterdam demand system was used to study the relationship among the fresh grapefruit imported by the EU-15 from several major Northern Hemisphere grapefruit producing countries.  Results suggest that when Florida’s grapefruit industry recovers from the damages caused by hurricanes and diseases, price would decrease and exports to the EU-15 would expect to increase.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: EU-15; Fresh grapefruit; Imports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36814

Fertilizer Trade under Market Liberalization: Preliminary Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were; Mose,   Lawrence Obae.
This paper reports results of a countrywide survey of fertilizer traders undertaken in late September 1997 with the aim of identifying broad supply-side and demand-side factors influencing trade in inorganic fertilizers in Kenya. The next two sections describe the sampling and econometric procedures followed. Regression results are then reported. Implications of the results for policy and research round-out the analysis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55147

A Customer Service Design Case Study: Insights on Customer Loyalty in the Brazilian Food Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florencio de Almeida,   Ione Lucia; Florencio de Almeida,   Luciana.
Marketing managers of local and international food companies have realized that what they offer to customers go well beyond the characteristics and attributes of the products their companies manufacture and market. Service has become an integral part of the offer (Grönroos, 1993); a high service quality improves the company competitiveness, builds customer trust, supports the company brand and other product attributes (Berry &amp; Parasuraman, 1991, p. 12). This paper seeks to investigate whether customer care service perceived quality in the food sector is truly relevant to customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Quality service evaluation; Consumer service; Loyalty; Food industry; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44899

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDER ON THE U.S. LAMB MEAT INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babula,   Ronald A.
This paper provides the model, analysis, and results of the investigative research by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) staff on the U.S. lamb market impacts from the countervailing duty (CVD) order imposed on certain U.S. imports of New Zealand lamb meat during 1985-90.  Presented here are the monthly three-stage least squares model of the U.S. lamb meat industry at the wholesale or meat-packing level, along with the econometric results and analyses obtained from the USITC investigation.  Analysis of model results quantifies average estimated CVD-attributed effects on U.S. lamb price, demand and supply of domestically produced lamb, and U.S. lamb import levels.  A number of economic parameter estimates and inference results concerning U.S....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31365

Trade Types in Slovenian Primary and Processed Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Majkovic,   Darja; Turk,   Jernej.
The significance of the processed food products in agricultural and food trade is increasing in Slovenia as well as in the other developed countries. The large share of agricultural and food trade is inter-industry trade. The significance of intra-industry trade (IIT) is increasing with the degree of processing. In particular, IIT is based on products differentiated in quality where low quality vertical IIT prevails. This kind of trade specialization and trade patterns, together with trade geography, imply some similarities in these trade developments with developing countries and countries with less competitive food processing rather than with more advanced European Union countries with the competitive food processing sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade types; Trade quality; Intra-industry trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; F15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24477

Country of Origin Labeling of Fresh Produce: A Consumer Preference Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Puduri,   Venkata S.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Onyango,   Benjamin M.
This paper investigates the relationships between country of origin labeling (COOL) issues and consumers concern about safety and health towards using of foreign produce. Results show that those who were married, self employed, had higher incomes, or possessed more education were more likely to support COOL. A consumer survey showed that about 84% of respondents overall, and more specifically, about 84% of female and 83% of male respondents would like markets to provide information about country of origin of fresh produce. The result also shows that about 73% of respondents regularly read food advertisements in newspapers and grocery brochures.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36721

TRADE IN DISSERVICES: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13288

Market Differentiation Potential of Country-of-origin, Quality and Traceability Labeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verbeke,   Wim; Roosen,   Jutta.
Product labeling has gained considerable attention recently, as a means to both provide product-specific information and reduce quality uncertainty faced by consumers, as well as from a regulatory point of view. This article focuses on whether and to what extent origin, quality and traceability labeling is an appropriate way to differentiate food products. The focus is on fresh meat and fresh fish, two mainly generic food product categories with a high degree of credence character. Insights into the potential for market differentiation through origin, quality and traceability labeling are provided and discussed using primary data collected during the period 2000-2005 by means of four consumer surveys. In general, direct indications of quality, including...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer; Country of origin; Labeling; Quality; Traceability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48790

THE PROPOSED UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: THE MEXICAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Segarra,   Eduardo.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30364

The French Plan - Blueprint for World Trade Without Tears?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Jack Neville.
The French Plan proposes a series of international commodity agreements providing for price discrimination between economically advanced and backward countries. It was developed initially as a consequence of the particular set of price support measures adopted in the E.E.C.'s Common Agricultural Policy, but, after: extension and modification, has been put forward as offering a solution to various problems of international trade in agricultural commodities including disposal of agricultural surpluses, the reconciliation of divergent interests in the United Kingdom's accession to the Common Market and the difficulties of underdeveloped countries arising from declining terms of trade and limited export opportunities for primary products. It must, however,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8722

U.S. Consumers’ Preference and Willingness to Pay for Country-of-Origin-Labeled Beef Steak and Food Safety Enhancements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   Kar Ho; Maynard,   Leigh J.; Hu,   Wuyang; Goddard,   Ellen W.
The mandatory Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) troubles beef exporters to the U.S. This study evaluates the extent that U.S. consumers are receptive to imported steak and their perception of food safety level of beef from various countries. In addition, using conjoint analysis, willingness to pay for strip loin steak from Australia, Canada and the United States is estimated along with several increasingly important food safeties and quality attributes in beef. We find that on average U.S. consumers are willing to pay significantly less for imported steaks.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef; Consumer preferences; Country-of-origin labeling; Conjoint experiment; Willingness to pay; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103385

TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: EFFICIENCY, EQUITY AND SOVEREIGNTY CONSIDERATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinner,   Jim.
The Uruguay Round trade agreement includes a new programme of work to examine the relationship between trade and environmental policies. Environmental groups remain suspicious that trade liberalisation will undermine or discourage improvements in environmental standards. In this paper, the use of trade measures to protect producers from competition with goods produced under less stringent environmental standards is examined. It is shown that such measures will not improve national welfare, and may undermine environmental policies. Failure of a government to enact appropriate environmental policies constitutes an implicit subsidy, and equity considerations suggest that this will continue to create pressure for changes to the GATT to protect producers who...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22951

Commercialization of Herbicide-Tolerant Soybeans in China: Perverse Domestic and International Trade Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Lin,   William W.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Marchant,   Mary A.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Zhong,   Funing; Song,   Baohui.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/12/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9906

Estimating the impact of transport efficiency on trade costs: Evidence from Chinese agricultural traders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Zhigang; Yu,   Xiaohua; Zeng,   Yinchu.
Using a unique survey data on agricultural traders in China in 2004, this study provides direct evidence on significance of interregional transport costs and their key determinants. Our major findings are as follows: (1) the trade barriers within China are dominated by transport-related costs but not artificial barriers, approximated by tolls and fines; (2) Labor and fuels costs are the most significant component of transport costs; (3) road quality is very important for transportation efficiency. Our results indicate that if increasing transport speed by 1 km per hour now, the fuel costs and total direct transportation costs for Chinese traders would reduce by 1.3% and 0.7% respectively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transportation Costs; China; Agricultural Traders; Infrastructure; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114384

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AG. TRADE OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beard,   Jeffrey R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33253

MODELING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; DeVuyst,   Cheryl Sinn; Taylor,   Richard D.
Planned introductions of genetically modified crop varieties can be troublesome to model. Estimation of demand and supply equations is not feasible due to lack of data. Further, specifying demand and supply equations requires calibration to a presumed equilibrium. Depending on the point chosen, highly questionable results may be obtained. We propose a model that uses existing supply, demand, and elasticity estimates. The approach relies on composite supply and demand functions. These composite functions are linear combinations of GM and non-GM varieties. We then employ this approach in a model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of several plausible GM wheat adoption and consumer acceptability scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Genetically modified organisms; Producer surplus; Consumer surplus; Welfare; Transportation cost; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23550

O DESEMPENHO DO BRASIL NO MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE PEDRAS PRECIOSAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dias Ribeiro,   Hilton Manoel; Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da.
Este trabalho analisa a inserção brasileira no mercado internacional de pedras preciosas, um setor de grande importância para o País, embora ainda pouco estudado. A metodologia escolhida consiste no cálculo de alguns indicadores de competitividade internacional, capazes de evidenciar os principais elementos condicionantes do desempenho brasileiro nesse setor. Os resultados encontrados confirmam o potencial do setor, em termos de vantagens comparativas no mercado internacional. Os efeitos observados na decomposição das exportações estão ligados, basicamente, à dinâmica dos principais mercados de destino e também ao crescimento do comércio mundial. Destaca-se, adicionalmente, que apesar da alta informalidade no setor e da falta de informações sistematizadas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Pedras preciosas; Competitividade; International trade; Precious stones; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102899

The Changing Structure of Pork Trade, Production, and Processing in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batres-Marquez,   S. Patricia; Clemens,   Roxanne; Jensen,   Helen H.
The structure of the pork production, slaughter, and processing sectors in Mexico has changed significantly since implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and with rising income and increased urbanization. Today, Mexico'’s pork industry has become more integrated and achieved greater production efficiencies in response to increasing demand for better product quality and stricter sanitary practices in production and processing pork for both the domestic market and for export. However, despite these improvements Mexico’'s pork industry has not kept up with the rising domestic demand, and Mexico has become an increasingly important market for the United States. A key to the development of increased trade in both live animals and pork...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Live hogs and pork trade; Mexico; NAFTA; Pork industry; Pork slaughter; TIF plants; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18713

Do Labour Standards have a Role in International Trade?: Private Standards, Preferential Trade Agreements or the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshi,   Samira; Kerr,   William A.
It is now common for producers (economic protectionism), consumers and social advocates (humanitarian motives) to urge for the inclusion of labour standards in international trade agreements. In spite of this, there has been little empirical work to determine whether low labour standards lead to trade distortions. This paper provides some empirical evidence pertaining to this question. Consumer groups, social advocates and traditional vested interests such as labour unions have attempted to have labour standards included in WTO disciplines. In the absence of success at the WTO, the relationship between labour standards and international trade has, however, been evolving in the areas of private standards and preferential trade agreements. Given the role...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumers; Food processing; Labour standards; Preferential trade agreements; Trade distortion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90883

A Cross Comparison Between California and Its Domestic and International Competitors With Respect to Key Labor Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Sean P.
California had a market value of agricultural products sold of $25.7 billion in the year 2002 ranking it as the top agricultural producing state in the country. Approximately 74% of this market value was attributed to crop sales. California producers spent nearly $20.5 billion on total farm expenses. The largest single expense for agricultural producers in the state was labor at $4.3 billion. Another $1.6 billion was spent on contract labor. Hired and contract labor expenses accounted for nearly 29% of total farm expense. Approximately 34,000 California farms hired over 535,000 laborers. Of these farms, 25% reported hiring migrant labor and 29% hired 10 or more employees. With labor being such an integral part of the California producers’ operations, the...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121616

The correlation between the agricultural productivity and the export performance of the agro-food foreign trade in the Visegrád Group countries following accession to the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baráth,   Lajos; Nagy,   Zsuzsanna; Szabo,   Gabor G.
In this paper we have sought to answer three research questions: what was the difference between the agricultural export growth rates of the Visegrád Group countries following the EU accession; how did the multifactor productivity in the countries under study evolve; and could a correlation be observed between the growth rates of the multifactor productivity and of the agricultural exports. The average annual growth rate of the multifactor productivity was highest in Poland, followed by the growth rate in Slovakia, in Hungary and in the Czech Republic. The average annual growth rates of the exports of agricultural raw materials and of the total food economy had identical rankings except for Hungary. The results of the analysis allow the presumption that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agro-food foreign trade; Agricultural productivity; Visegrád Group countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93122

Competitiveness of the Southern Mediterranean Countries in the Italian Agri-Food Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malorgio,   Giulio; Hertzberg,   Anna.
Political and economic changes over the last ten years have intensified agri-food trade among Mediterranean countries. This paper aims to examine the exchanges between Italy and these countries. The analysis of these exchanges highlight trends that indicate Italy's agri-food balance has deteriorated during the previous ten years. A Constant Market Shares Analysis has been performed on Italy's fruit and vegetable imports from Egypt, Turkey, Morocco and Tunisia, which aims to assess their competitiveness. The results are then compared with those of Italy's major fruit and vegetable suppliers, the EU and Latin America, which indicate some Mediterranean Partners have high levels of competitiveness.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9388

AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALISATION AND THE URUGUAY ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanner,   Carolyn.
With the Punta del Este Declaration, agriculture was accorded prominence in the GATT negotiations and, for the first time, national support policies were on the agenda. In this paper, the progress of the negotiations on agriculture is reviewed in an attempt to understand the factors which shaped the final outcome and to assess the likely impact of the round on liberalising agricultural trade. Although the immediate impact is likely to be modest, the round will provide longer term benefits to agricultural trade through the extension of the GATT rules-based system to agriculture. The framework which has been laid should provide a sound basis for future negotiations. Within the multilateral framework, the pace of change is a function of the willingness of all...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22359

Assessing Euro-Med Trade Preferences: The Case of Entry Price Reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria; Martinez-Gomez,   Victor.
The EU protects some of its fruits and vegetables through the entry price system. This system is implemented for “sensitive” products which often are important for the exports of Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMC) such as tomatoes, cucumbers, artichokes, courgettes, peaches and citrus fruits. In many cases, the system applies on a seasonal basis, remaining the protection for a part of the year through the “usual” tariff system. In some cases, SMC have agreed a reduction of the entry price applied for their exports to the EU. In this paper, we show a new indicator to gauge the gains accrued to the SMC in these cases and apply it to the case of Moroccan clementines.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7293

Transmission des fluctuations et calcul des prix de parité à l’importation du riz et du maïs au Burkina.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pale,   Eric.
During the first quarter of 2008, the nominal prices of major food items have reached their highest level in nearly 50 years, while prices reached their actual level record in nearly 30 years. Indeed, prices of agricultural products rose sharply in 2006 and 2007 reported an increase more marked in the first quarter of 2008. The FAO food price index rose an average of 8% in 2006 compared to the year earlier and 24% in 2007 compared to 2006. The increase in the average index for first three months of 2008 compared to first quarter 2007 was 53%. Soaring persistent price is mainly due to vegetable oils, which rose to more than 97% during the same period, followed by cereals (87%), dairy (58%) and rice (46%). According to the latest report published by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Burkina Faso; Maize; Rice; Parity Price; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93026

MANAGING AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS OVERSEAS: LESSONS FROM THE PAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Nancy L.
The prospect of trade liberalization at both the regional and global level opens up the possibility of increased agricultural investment in developing countries.  Such opportunities can be very appealing to developed-country producers who face high domestic costs, particularly for land and labor.  Further, foreign investment could be an extremely positive development in terms of using developed country technical knowledge to increase global food production.  However putting this experience into practice overseas has not always been successful in the past.  The history of expatriate investment in developing country agriculture does not offer many encouraging examples.  Often overlooked in the literature of both agricultural economics and management, private...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14189

ALBERTA’S EXPORT EXPERIENCE UNDER FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, 1989-2008: TWENTY YEARS OF FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mirus,   Rolf; Emter,   Nicholas A.
The period of free trade from 1989 to 2008 coincided with a strong expansion of Alberta’s exports. Our review shows that several factors contributed to this success. In addition to favorable trends in energy and commodity prices, the improved access to the US and Mexican markets that resulted from the CUSFTA and NAFTA are shown to be major causes of the positive development of Alberta’s exports. In particular, the significant increase in manufacturing exports can be attributed to the free trade agreements because manufacturing products face higher tariffs in export markets than do raw materials and energy products. Alberta’s manufacturing sector, therefore, emerges as a major beneficiary of freer trade. As a result, Alberta’s economy has become more...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; FTA; Free Trade Areas; Preferential trade agreements; Imports; Exports; Alberta; United States; US; Trade patterns; Trade relations; Mexico; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60425

The Canadian Wheat Board: Government Guarantees and Hidden Subsidies? Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodloe,   Carol.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Canadian Wheat Board: Government Guarantees and Hidden Subsidies?" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23905

International sorghum trade: United States beyond the Mexican dependency?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duch-Carvallo,   Teresa; Malaga,   Jaime E.
This research proposes the estimation of a partial equilibrium econometric and simulation international trade model for sorghum: United States and Mexico component. Sixteen equations were simultaneously estimated and validated as a system using seemingly unrelated regression. Results on parameter estimates agree with economic theory and a working model for simulation and forecast was obtained. Forecast scenarios suggest that the dependency of sorghum trade between US and Mexico will continue.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply; Demand; NAFTA; International trade; Sorghum; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46862

Trade and Investment Effects of Forced Labour: An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Braun,   Sebastian.
This paper explores the international economic effects of forced labour, namely the linkages of forced labour with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses several forms and the prevalence of forced labour and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results show that forced labour may enhance the endowment of unskilled labour. It can thus be expected to improve comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of forced labour is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with forced labour. This result even holds for relatively poor developing countries.  ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dem vorliegenden Beitrag...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forced Labour; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Cross-Country Regression Framework; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F14; F23; O19.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26231

Der Markt für Obst
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellinger,   Wilhelm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97202

LIBERALIZATION OF THE TAIWAN WHEAT MILLING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stiegert,   Kyle W.; Peng,   Hsing Ming.
Taiwan, in just the past two years, lifted quoto restrictions on wheat imports and lowered tariff barriers.  These changes along with the antitrust movement and severe overcapacity will be the catalysts for tremendous structural changes in the way wheat millers compete for domestic market share and contracts for flour.  The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of liberalization on the Taiwan milling industry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34422

NAFTA: Outcomes, Challenges and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Gilmour,   Brad.
As the remaining agriculture-related NAFTA clauses became fully implemented on January 1st, 2008, there is much evidence of the Agreement’s benefits to all three members in the forms of the agricultural trade expansion within the region and the growth of foreign direct investments in members’ agri-food value chains. Better coordination would help the three governments to successfully address ongoing challenges such as trade disputes, security measures and animal health diseases. It would also help their economies and the agricultural sectors to continue capitalizing on opportunities that freer trade offers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agricultural policy; Trade disputes; COOL; Security measures; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55321

Comparative advantages and competitiveness of Hungarian and Slovenian agro-food trade in the EU markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper investigates comparative advantages and competitiveness of Hungarian and Slovenian agro- food trade in the EU markets. Applying a highly disaggregated trade dataset, we describe the pattern of agro- food trade in Hungary and Slovenia using the Balassa index. The extent of trade specialization exhibits a declining trend. Both countries have lost comparative advantage for a number of product groups over time. The indices of specialization have tended to converge. For particular product groups, the indices display greater variation. They are stable for product groups with comparative disadvantage, but product groups with weak to strong comparative advantage show significant variation. The price competition, quality competition and the one- way trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Price Competition; Agro- Food Trade.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10069

Tariff reform in the presence of sector-specific distortions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Karp,   Larry S.
The problem of choosing second-best trade policies is modified by including sector-specific policies as well as tariffs. We obtain conditions under which reduction of the largest tariff is welfare improving. Formulae for the optimal tariff and sector-specific subsidy are used to study the design of optimal policy menus. The theory is illustrated by an empirical general equilibrium model of the U. S. economy which emphasizes agriculture. The model suggests that reductions in agricultural protection in the United States would be welfare improving.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6091

Beyond Goods and Services: Competition Policy, Investment, Mutual Recognition, Movement of Persons, and Broader Cooperation Provisions of Recent FTAs Involving ASEAN Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dayaratna,   Banda O.G.; Whalley,   John.
We discuss recent bilateral, regional, and country trade, partnership, and economic agreements involving both ASEAN as a single entity and individual ASEAN countries (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia) focusing on their reach beyond conventional trade in goods and services issues. These agreements are recent, but they are numerous and more are under negotiation. We separately synthesize and evaluate provisions in five areas; competition policy, investment, mutual recognition, movement of persons, and broader cooperation. What emerges is of a picture of ill defined general commitments and precise undertaking, which vary from element to element and country pair to country pair, but there can be little doubt as to the presence of substance, which in turn,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24153

Impact of China’s Agriculture Policies on Domestic and World Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Seeley,   Ralph.
China’s agricultural and trade policies have been shifting despite little change in policy objectives.  This paper investigates potential implications of recent agriculture policies applied in China, and quantitatively analyzes their impacts on domestic and international commodity markets. Results from a 42 country partial equilibrium dynamic agricultural simulation model indicate that the effects on international markets are likely to be small with world price impacts of less than one percent.  The set of policies partially offset each other in the international market. Results indicate increased returns to farmers and lowering domestic prices to consumers. China’s producers increase production slightly because of increased input subsidies. Exports are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Policy; Trade; Value added tax; Export tax; Subsidies; VAT rebates; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51704

ALTERNATIVE TRADE POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Kenneth L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1952
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17618

Impacts of the U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement - the Apple Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fu,   Shengfei; Epperson,   James E.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
The U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) levels the playing field of trade between the United States and the six CAFTA-DR partner countries. Half of U.S. farm products gain immediate tariff-free access to the markets of the CAFTA-DR region. All Tariffs will be eliminated in 20 years. Under CAFTA-DR, tariffs on an important U.S. fresh fruit export to the region, fresh apples, declined from an initial base of 15%-25% in CAFTA-DR countries to zero immediately upon enforcement. The specific objective of this research is to analyze the impact of tariff elimination under CAFTA-DR on the trade of U.S. fresh apples. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the analysis involving an excess-supply-excess-demand model with...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAFTA-DR; Trade liberalization; Tariff elimination; Generalized Method of Moments (GMM); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119782

The Tariff-Only Import Regime for Bananas in the European Union: Is Setting the Tariff at Right Level an Impossible Mission?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal; Levert,   Fabrice; Lombana,   Jahir.
The European Union is bound by World Trade Organisation agreements to move to a tariff-only import system for bananas by no later than 1 January 2006.  From that date, imports from non-ACP countries will be subject to a single tariff while ACP country bananas will continue to enter the EU market duty free.  This regime will replace the highly contested tariff-rate quota policy in place since 1993.  This paper shows that setting the tariff at a level that maintain the status quo is an impossible mission given uncertainties on quota rent estimates and quota rent distribution.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bananas; European Union; Tariff-rate quota; Tariff; ACP countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24461

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Economic Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Argues that it is unrealistic to expect the net benefit of economic globalization to be represented by a single monetary figure because its consequences are diverse and several of its consequences are uncertain. The benefits of economic globalization are accessed in terms of its possible impact on the level of global production and exchange of commodities. Both static and dynamic analysis are considered and particular attention is given to economies of scale and to technological change. Possible beneficial impacts of economic globalization on product variety are considered. The economic consequences of International mobility of factors of production (such as labour and capital) are assessed. In addition, the impacts of globalization on conditions of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic globalization; Economies of scale; Labour mobility; Income inequality; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90614

INTEGRATION AND INTERDEPENDENCE IN THE U.S. AND CANADIAN LIVE CATTLE AND BEEF SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.; Marsh,   John M.
The live cattle and beef markets of Canada and the United States are well integrated and highly interdependent, but in an unequal fashion. This paper assesses the role of trade agreements and domestic policies in increasing market integration and analyses the impact of remaining barriers to integration. In this paper, we use integration in the context of forming or blending markets into a whole. When the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) was implemented in 1989, tariffs on both live cattle and beef were reduced and within a few years many were eliminated. In 1996, the United States imported 1.5 million head of slaughter and feeder cattle from Canada, nearly a sixfold increase in the number of cattle imported prior to CFTA, which numbered...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Live cattle trade; U.S. cattle and beef; Canadian cattle and beef; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29171

THE GATT/WTO HAS PROMOTED TRADE, BUT ONLY IN CAPITAL-INTENSIVE COMMODITIES!
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engelbrecht,   Hans-Jurgen; Pearce,   Christopher.
This paper contributes to the recent empirical debate about the effectiveness of the GATT and the WTO in promoting trade. We use gravity models to explore the impact of the GATT/WTO on bilateral trade in a sample of 46 countries over the period 1965-1997. Our data enable us to disaggregate trade by broad commodity aggregates. The results for total trade are similar to those reported by Rose (2004). However, the disaggregated estimates reveal that the GATT/WTO has had a positive and statistically significant impact on trade in capital-intensive commodities, but that it has had no statistically significant impact on trade in other commodities. The paper demonstrates that simple modifications of Rose's approach lead to results that are much more 'common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: GATT/WTO; Gravity model; Bilateral trade; Commodity aggregates; Capital-intensive commodities.; International Relations/Trade; F10; F15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23707

HYDRO-POLITICS: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL WATER TREATIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Towfique,   Basman; Espey,   Molly.
Water resource issues are closely related to property rights issues, as the holders of property rights along a river bank, watershed, lake, or river basin, often take priority in terms of water usage.  Rivers, aquifers and other bodies of water transgress national boundaries, giving rise to conflicts.  Treaties, agreements, and conventions seek to allocate water rights among countries in a manner that benefits all participants.  This study conducts an empirical analysis of macroeconomic, geological, hydrological, and institutional variables in order to determine factors contributing to the existence of bilateral treaty and treaty structure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; K330.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19689

TECHNICAL CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE: THREE EXAMPLES (SUGARCANE, BANANAS, AND RICE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Houck,   James P.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The purpose of this paper is to examine three cases which provide some insight into the character of international transmission of technical change and its economic impacts and implications. These cases focus on three separate commodities, sugarcane, bananas, and rice. Each case presents different facets of the international movement of technological innovation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1968
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13879

Optimum Tariffs in a Distorted Economy: An Application to U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Karp,   Larry S.
Optimal distortions for the agricultural sector are calculated taking as given distortions in the nonagricultural sector. The calculations use a general equilibrium model and assume that the sole criterion is economic efficiency. For most agricultural commodities, existing distortions should be decreased; for the cotton and oil bearing sector, however, the existing tariff should be increased.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51236

Increased Cocoa Bean Exports under Trade Liberalization: A Gravity Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Shaik,   Saleem; Wozniak,   Shawn J.; Allen,   Albert J.
Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade liberalization by the sixteen major cocoa producing countries to the US using panel data from 1989 to 2003. The results indicate that differences between resource endowment, relative size of economies, and the sum of bilateral GDP of U.S. and exporting countries are the major determinants. Thus, as trade is liberalized, farmers share of the world price of cocoa increases and this raises exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity models; Bilateral exports; Market liberalization; Cocoa; Fixed Effects Model; Random Effects Model; Pooled O.L.S.; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F10; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6819

What's Behind the Surge in Global Rice Prices?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Childs,   Nathan W.; Kiawu,   James.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124031

FUTURE OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET INTEGRATION: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keenan,   Michael.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32845

Economic Issues of Invasive Pests and Diseases and Food Safety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Knapp,   J.L.
The problem of invasive pests and diseases has become more urgent and far more complex today than in the recent past. Increased trade and movement of people, and the opening up of new trade routes have increased opportunities for the spread of invasive species. In addition, mono-cropping systems of cultivation; globalization; increased resistance of pests to pesticides and food safety and environmental concerns have all contributed to the growing complexity of the problem on hand. The economic dimensions of the problem can be viewed from at least two perspectives. First, with regard to the spread and impact of invasive species, particularly how best to provide more comprehensive assessments of impacts of invasions, so as to improve the cost effectiveness...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; SPS; Invasive species; WTO; Economic impact of invasive species; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15696

On Measuring Consumer Welfare Effects of Trade Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Sophia Wu; Huang,   Kuo S.
We develop a measure of consumer welfare by approximating Hicksian compensating variation as a function of all commodity prices and compensated price elasticities. The unique feature of this approach is that all direct- and cross-commodity effects of a demand system are incorporated into the welfare measurement. This approach is useful for developing an instrumental model to evaluate the consumer welfare effects of trade reform. For illustration, the proposed procedure is applied to Taiwan's meat industry, and various scenarios are considered to show the effects of eliminating meat tariff rates on the quantities of meat demanded and on the savings of meat expenditures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25480

Area-Wide Management of Fruit-Flies: What are the Costs and the Benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florec,   Veronique; Sadler,   Rohan; White,   Benedict.
Increasing volumes and speed of agricultural trade and the opening of new markets for agricultural products create greater challenges to systems established to protect countries from invasive organisms that can be harmful to human and animal health, crops and natural environments. In reaction to the threat of exotic pests and diseases, the World Trade Organization recognises the right of country members to protect themselves from the risks posed by exotic pests and diseases through the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures. One possible response from exporting countries facing SPS trade barriers is to obtain pest-free area (PFA) certification. While large benefits can potentially be achieved from greater access to world markets through...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eradication; Surveillance; Queensland Fruit Fly; Area-Wide Management of Pests; Pestfree area; Invasive species; Biosecurity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q1; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100881

The Next WTO Round on Agriculture and EU Enlargement: Pressures on the EU Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
The EU dairy sector will be one of the most sensitive sectors to be affected by the outcome of the on-going negotiations for the new WTO round for agriculture. Nevertheless, if the Next WTO Round is going to be along the same lines as the Uruguay Round, the EU may be able to stay within the WTO commitments for export subsidy in the dairy sector without further reforms in the Common Agricultural Policy. Certainly, some minor reforms are needed to relieve the binding commitments for cheese and other milk products. The upcoming reform in the dairy sector under Agenda 2000 starting from year 2005 may help in reforming the dairy sector for the new round. In contrast, a steeper reduction in the export subsidy commitments compared to the Uruguay Round may cause...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU; WTO; Enlargement; Dairy sector; Export subsidy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24838

Quality Standards for Food Products - A Particular Burden for Small Producers in Developing Countries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemnitz,   Christine; Grethe,   Harald; Kleinwechter,   Ulrich.
This paper develops an analytical framework which structures the problem of whether, how and to what extent small producers in developing countries are disadvantaged by the increasing prevalence of food quality standards. Based on a literature review, the empirical evidence is structured and research gaps are identified. The paper finds that small and medium producers rarely comply without support from downstream actors. In case of well-educated and relatively wealthy farmers, forward integration is also found. No empirical support exists for the intuitively appealing hypothesis of a lower cost of compliance per unit of output for large producers.    Zusammenfassung In diesem Papier wird ein Analyserahmen entwickelt, um die Möglichkeit und das Ausmaß der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality Standards; International Trade; EUREPGAP; Certification; Small Farmers; Developing Countries; Cost of Compliance; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10010

An Economic Approach to International Trade Law
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Duren,   Erna; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123578

Drivers of Change in China's Dairy Industry--Implications for the U.S. and World Dairy Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper consists of (a) background information on China's geography and economy (b) a description of the country's dairy industry in the mid-2000s (c) the drivers of change in China's dairy industry and (d) implications of these drivers for the U.S. and world dairy industries
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Dairy Exports; U.S. Dairy Trade Balance; Projected U.S. Dairy Exports; Doha Round Negotiations; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37488

South Africa and Chile: Agricultural Trade Relationships
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyhodo,   Bonani; Nakana,   Elvis; Phahlane,   Heidi; Kotze,   Louise.
This article considers Chile and South Africa’s agricultural policy evolutions in terms of trade. It also looks at Chile and South Africa’s trade with the rest of the world, particularly with regards to agricultural trade. From an agricultural trade perspective, Chile’s position as a direct competitor of South Africa for the EU and USA markets is clearly apparent, primarily due to their joint location in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the movement of agricultural products between these nations from a South African export perspective is discussed. This article explores the potential for South Africa to increase its exports to Chile by deepening existing trading and investigating the expansion of trade lines. Two policy observations can be identified...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97075

CHINESE CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. PORK AND POULTRY EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Fuller,   Frank H.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Halbrendt,   Catherine K.
This paper examines Chinese consumer preference for major animal products and assesses the potential impacts of a reduction in China's import tariff on its pork and poultry demand and net import.  Our analysis suggests that China's demand for animal products will continue to grow as income increases.  Using a trade model, results of our scenario analysis indicate that a reduction in China's import tariffs will significantly increase its net pork and poultry imports and the U.S. will capture most of the increases.  Nevertheless, the impact on the market price in China and the U.S. is likely to be very small.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Almost Ideal Demand System; China; Consumer demand; Demand elasticity; Food demand; Partial equilibrium model; Two-stage budgeting; U.S. meat export; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15102

CANADIAN/UNITED STATES DATA CONVERSION TABLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16960

Eastern Enlargement of the EU: A Comprehensive Welfare Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kohler,   Wilhelm.
This paper takes a welfare-view on eastern enlargement of the EU, focusing on incumbent countries. Enlargement is decomposed into three elements: Single-market integration on commodity markets, budgetary costs from EU-expenditure policies, and single market- induced migration from new to present member countries. I first use an analytical model to derive a welfare equation that identifies the principle channels for incumbent country welfare gains and losses from enlargement, including product differentiation, capital accumulation, and unemployment due to search-costs. I then propose a method that allows to extend welfare results obtained from a detailed calibrated version of this model for Germany to other incumbent countries. The approach relies on model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU Enlargement; Economic Integration; Commercial Policy; Migration; Welfare Analysis; Computable General Equilibrium; Search Unemployment; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F02; F12; F13; F15; F22.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26377

An Analysis of Trends in Food Import Refusals in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Albert J.; Myles,   Albert E.; Shaik,   Saleem; Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman.
Millions of pounds of fresh fruits, vegetables, cut flowers, herbs, and other agricultural and food products enter the United States via commercial shipments from other countries every year. Although these items appear harmless, there could be hidden threats in that baggage and in those truckloads, trainloads, and containers of fresh and processed food items that could seriously threaten U.S. agriculture, its natural resources, and its economy (U.S. Customs and Border Protection 2007). Food imports play a major role in the success and competitiveness of various agribusiness firms in the United States. For example, food imports generate income, employment, output, and taxes and provide consumers with lower-priced products than those produced or purchased in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55583

POST-URUGUAY ROUND PRICE LINKAGES BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RICE AND WHEAT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yavapolkul,   Navin; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Gulati,   Ashok.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture attempted to lower distortions in the global agricultural markets. However, the significant fall in commodity prices in late 1990s may have reduced the incentives for both developed and developing countries to better integrate into the world markets. This study analyzes price linkages and adjustment between developed and developing countries during the post-Uruguay Round period. Prices of two key commodity markets, long-grain rice and medium-hard wheat, are assembled for major exporters and producers. Results from the multivariate cointegration analysis suggest partial market integration between developed and developing countries in the post-Uruguay Round period. Developed countries are found to be price leaders...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Price Linkage; Developing Countries; Rice markets; Wheat Markets; Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA); Doha Development round of the World Trade Organization (WTO); International Relations/Trade; Q17; O13; Q11.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60453

Integrating Small Scale Farmers into Bread Wheat Marketing Chain through Contract Farming in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Getaneh,   Wubalem; Bekabil,   Fufa.
The treatment effect censored regression model results of this study showed that educational level, value of agricultural equipment and number of oxen owned affected the participation decisions of the farmers in bread wheat contract farming significantly. The most important factors that determine gross margin obtained from bread wheat production were contract farming experience, the number of oxen owned and participation in contract farming. However, technical efficiency differences and management practices followed were not the reasons for differences in gross margin between the participant and non-participant farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming participation; Gross margin and Treatment effect model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52101

THE EFFECTS OF TRADE UNCERTAINTY ON CHRYSANTHEMUM TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsai,   Hsin-Yeh; Woo,   Rhung-Jieh.
The study analyzed the effects of trade uncertainty on chrysanthemum trade between Taiwan and Japan. An econometric model comprises trade uncertainty was established and policy simulations were performed to evaluate the impacts of reducing trade uncertainty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25839

ARE LOG MARKETS COMPETITIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA-U.S. TRADE IN SOFTWOOD LUMBER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under the U.S. Department of Commerce’s ‘changed circumstances’ review, it is possible that the countervail duty on Canadian lumber can be lowered if administered stumpage prices are based on transaction evidence appraisal – on actual auction data and regression analysis. The Province of British Columbia is implementing such a marketbased approach to set stumpage fees, relying on timber auction data from the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) and OLS regression. We employ SBFEP data to estimate a truncated regression model, comparing our estimates of stumpage fees with the OLS results. It turns out that the OLS approach is biased and likely results in overestimates of stumpage in some timber stands and underestimates in others. Further, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18164

Label Performance and the Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee:  A Cross-National Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Basu,   Arnab K.; Hicks,   Robert L.
In this paper we investigate how label information detailing the performance of the Fair Trade labeling program with respect to coffee affect consumers’ willingness to pay in the United States and in Germany. We provide respondents (University students in the U.S and Germany) information regarding hypothetical benefits of the Fair Trade Coffee program on its intended beneficiaries on the production side (the revenue gains to participating marginal farmers (scope of the program)), and using stated preference conjoint methods test how this performance criterion relates to the willingness to pay for Fair Trade Coffee. Our empirical results identify a “threshold'' property of performance-based labels. In effect, the willingness-to-pay for performance-based...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fair Trade; Labeling program; Consumer; Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade; F13; E21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44336

Policy Research Implications Under Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   T. Kelley.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60025

Market Prospects for Pulses in South Asia: International and Domestic Trade Supplementary Report of the Project: Market Prospects for Upland Crops Products and Policy Analysis in Selected Asian Countries (MPUPA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyi,   Hla; Mruthyunjaya; Khan,   Naseer Alam; Liyanapathirana,   Rupasena; Bottema,   J.W. Taco.
This study contains compilations of price trends, production trends and institutional issues in the international market for food legumes or pulses. In recent years substantial changes have taken place in the Asian pulse market. There are signs that the national markets have opened up for imports with the result by the mid 1990s that Australia and Myanmar have become the major inter-regional suppliers of pulses. Nevertheless, participation of other countries in the Asian pulse market is very wide and includes production centres in Latin America, North America, Western and Eastern Europe and Africa. The study also reveals that within the group of pulses there are substantial price differences between specific varieties and species. This indicates that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Grain legumes; Prices; Markets; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32683

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90593

Impacts of Sugar Free Trade Agreements on the U.S. Sugar Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Renan; Koo,   Won W.
We use a multi-region GTAP model to study the implications of a global sugar free trade agreement on the U.S. sugar industry. In general, the sugar net importing countries such as the former Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States would reduce sugar production and increase their net imports from the world market. By contrast, the sugar net exporting countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Thailand would increase their sugar production and increase their net exports. Under a scenario where import tariffs and export subsidies are completely eliminated, U.S. sugar production would decrease by 2.8%. This is in contrast to some of the previous studies, which argued that the U.S. sugar production would increase slightly annually. U.S. import prices would...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21486

Are Minimum Quality Standards Acting as Nontariff Trade Barriers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saitone,   Tina L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6116

Import Demand for Dairy Products in Cote d'Ivoire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balagtas,   Joseph Valdes; Coulibaly,   Jeanne Y.; Diarra,   Ibrahim.
We estimate an LA/AIDS model of demand for imported dairy products for Cote d'Ivoire.  We employ a unique set of Ivorian customs data, spanning seven dairy products observed monthly from January 1996 to December 2005.  Demand for milk powder is found to be inelastic, as substitutes for milk powder in the domestic processing industry are scarce.  Demand for fluid milk, yogurt, and cream are found to be elastic, as these domestic products produced from imported powder may substitute for the imports.  With the exception of condensed milk, dairy products are found to be necessities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21432

Impact of Tariff Reductions in NAMA and Agriculture WTO Negotiations on GCC Common External Tariffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
The Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) have a common external tariff that is unusually low with the exception of selected products such as alcohol and tobacco. As exporters of oil and gas and importers of agricultural products, the GCC is interested in the impacts of tariffs reductions in these products following the eventual completion of the Doha round. Of particular interest are four sectors (raw materials, gas-related goods, fisheries and chemicals), in which it is hoped tariffs will be eliminated. This will improve market access for the GCC countries, but it may also increase the competition depending on the initial bilateral tariffs. In agriculture, rising import prices driven by policy changes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59175

Assessing the 2003 CAP Reform: Sensitivity to the Decoupling of Agenda 2000 Direct Payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gohin,   Alexandre.
The European Union decided in June 2003 a new reform of its farm policy with a new step toward the decoupling of farm income support instruments. Available impact studies find that this reform will reduce production incentives, substantially for beef and to a lesser extent for arable crops. All these studies assume that the Agenda 2000 arable crop direct payments are already mostly decoupled while beef premiums are much more linked to production. Our main objective in this paper is to test the sensitivity of these results to this questionable modelling of Agenda 2000 direct payments which neglects eligibility rules and land market imperfections. Our analysis reveals that the negative effects of the reform on both arable crop and beef production are not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Computable General Equilibrium; European Union.; International Relations/Trade; D57; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18868

Multilateral Negotiations, Preferential Trade Agreements and the CAP. What's Ahead?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The focus of the paper is on the developments so far and the future of the negotiations on agriculture in the WTO Doha Development Agenda round from the perspective of the European Union. The first part of the paper discusses what happened in the two parallel processes, the domestic agricultural policy reform in the EU and the WTO negotiations, identifying the linkages between CAP reform decisions and developments in the EU negotiation positions. The second part of the paper discusses further changes expected in the relatively near future in the CAP and in regional trade agreements involving the EU, and the perspectives of the WTO negotiations. The main point made is that the changes in domestic agricultural policy which have occurred in the EU (mostly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7283

ESTIMATION OF MARKET POWER IN THE U.S. SOYBEAN EXPORT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Veeramani,   Venkat N.; Marchant,   Mary A.; Xu,   Shuang.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/11/04.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20311

MARKET OPPORUNITIES FOR AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: AN EXAMINATION OF DEMAND-SIDE CONSTRAINTS ON AGRICULTURAL GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Dorosh,   Paul A.; Rahman,   Shaikh Mahfuzur.
Rapid growth in the agricultural sector is central to any strategy for slashing poverty and hunger on the African continent. Yet investments aimed at increasing agricultural productivity need to be linked to market opportunities if they are not to depress commodity prices and farm incomes. It is widely perceived that high market transaction costs, weak domestic consumer demand, and lack of export possibilities are major constraints on agricultural growth prospects for Africa. But just how severe are these constraints, and what can be done to enhance market opportunities to enable agriculture to become a more powerful engine of growth for the continent?   This study addresses these questions. It concludes that non-traditional exports have the fewest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16169

An overview of the Philippine duck industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie); Dagaas,   Clarita T.; de Castro,   Nenita; Ranola,   Roberto; Lambio,   Angel; Malabayuabas,   Maria Luz.
The Philippine duck industry is dominated by smallholder production. At present, about 99 percent of the demand for duck products is met by domestic production. However, it is envisaged that as trade liberalisation continues, the Philippine duck industry will face increasing competition from overseas as well as from other products. Continuing survival, and growth, of the industry depends on its ability to compete on a globalised market, which, in turn, depends on efficiency in the production and marketing systems relative to competitors. The research objective is to provide an overview of the industry and identify industry issues.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Duck; Poultry marketing; Trade liberalisation; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57842

IMPACTOS DOS SUBSÍDIOS AGRÍCOLAS DOS EUA NA EXPANSÃO DA PRODUÇÃO E EXPORTAÇÕES DO AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueiredo,   Adelson Martins; Oliveira,   Maria Aparecida Silva; Santos,   Maurinho Luiz dos.
No Acordo Agrícola da Rodada Uruguai e posteriores rodadas de negociações multilaterais foram propostas metas de redução de subsídios à agricultura. Mesmo assim, o que tem ocorrido é uma elevação dos volumes de recursos concedidos aos produtores agrícolas dos EUA. Salienta-se que os subsídios à produção agrícola nos EUA geram distorções no comércio mundial desses produtos, na medida em que reduzem suas importações e aumentam os excedentes exportáveis. Assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa é avaliar os impactos dos subsídios à produção agrícola dos EUA – concedidos através dos Loan Deficiency Payments (LDP) – sobre o crescimento do agronegócio brasileiro. Para isso foi utilizado um Modelo Aplicado de Equilíbrio Geral (MAEG) para a economia dos EUA e do...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Subsídios agrícolas; EUA; Crescimento; Agronegócio brasileiro; Agricultural subsidies; The USA; Growing; Brazilian agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108883

GLOBALIZATION AND NORTHEAST AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF THE UPCOMING ROUND OF WORLD TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
The signing of the Uruguay Round agreement on agriculture (URAA) in 1994 was a significant step towards the liberalization of world agricultural trade.  A new round of negotiations on agriculture is scheduled to begin under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the end of 1999.  This paper discusses the likely agenda of those negotiations and their implications for agriculture in the northeastern United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31288

Effects of Marketing Loans on U.S. Dry Peas and Lentils:  Supply Response and World Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   William W.; Lucier,   Gary.
The 2002 Farm Act required USDA to implement marketing loans for the 2002-07 crops of dry peas, lentils, and small chickpeas. This provision led to expanded acreage for dry peas and lentils, crops analyzed in this study. The analysis found that marketing loans played a role in expansion for dry peas in 2003-05 and for lentils in 2003. For dry peas and lentils, marketing loans contributed to acreage expansion in North Dakota and Montana. Simulation model results suggest that marketing loans had negligible impacts on world prices for dry peas and lentils in 2003-05. Impacts on U.S. exports were minor, increasing by about 2 percent in 2003.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dry peas; Lentils; Marketing loan; Supply response; World trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56454

Liberalization of Staple Crops: Lessons from the Mexican Experience in Maize
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yunez-Naude,   Antonio; Serrano-Cote,   Valeria.
In this paper we inquire why after more than 25 years of domestic agricultural reforms in Mexico and 15 years of trade liberalization of maize under NAFTA –a non-competitive crop and the major staple in Mexico–domestic production of this field crop has increased. We present new empirical evidence showing that, as expected, maize prices in Mexico dropped until 2006 and have experienced a process of convergence with USA prices, and maize imports from the USA increased. However, despite lower prices, maize production in Mexico rose and has experienced a positive structural change since 1992, two years before the beginning of NAFTA’s implementation. Based on the heterogeneity of maize production in Mexico, three possible explanations are proposed to explain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Domestic and Trade Liberalization; Price Convergence; Structural Change.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50827

The Doha Round: The US Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Motes,   William C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8085

The Bioterrorism Act of the USA and international food trade: Evaluating WTO conformity and effects on bilateral imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Rudloff,   Bettina; Wahl,   Thomas I.
The September 11th event focused the world's attention on the threat of bioterrorism to the food chain. As a consequence, the U.S. implemented the Bioterrorism Act (BTA). These new administrative import rules will be evaluated regarding WTO conformity and trade impact. This analysis is based on an inventory approach systematizing the BTA, and a trade flow analysis.  The BTA do not significantly deviate from WTO rules, however, the findings are driven by existing flexibility in international administrative import guidelines. The trade analysis highlights that products and countries with prior expedited or less regulated procedures and small import quantities are affected.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36292

BSE Disease Outbreaks, Structural Change and Market Power in the Canadian Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Cechura,   Lukas; Berhanu,   Adugna.
This study examines farm to wholesale prices spreads to measure the impact of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) disease outbreak on the Canadian beef industry. The study uses structure break tests developed by Gregory and Hansen (1996) and Hansen (1992) examine possible breaks within cointegrating relationships. The study finds evidence that the industry began a realignment as a result of the UK BSE disease outbreak, and the Canadian BSE disease outbreak was simply the largest realignment of the process beginning with the UK disease outbreak. However, the only statistically significant break was the BSE disease outbreak itself in May 2003. Stability was not restored until the border was reopened in 2005. Specific results indicated that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: BSE; Market power; Canada; Beef industry; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114097

MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE IMPACTS OF NAFTA ON THE U.S. TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amponsah,   William A.; Qin,   Xiang Dong.
The NAFTA has brought profound changes to the U.S. textile and apparel industries, which have been interdependent with those in Mexico and Canada. A nationwide textile and apparel business survey has unveiled the management's perspectives on pros and cons of the NAFTA to the development and prosperity of the two industries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20733

The Role of the Economy Structure in the U.S. - China Bilateral Trade Deficit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokovenko,   Oleksiy; Koo,   Won W.
This study investigates the effect of the economy structure on the U.S. - China bilateral trade deficit as alternative to the influence of the exchange rate fluctuation. The revealed comparative advantage indices are proposed as the measure of the relative structural differences between two countries due to factor endowments and technology. A Bayesian Stochastic Search Variable Selection method is applied to the U.S. - China annual trade data for 57 commodity groups at the SITC 2-digit industry aggregation level to obtain empirical variable inclusion probabilities. Based on the data, we found no conclusive evidence against the hypothesis of the short-run effect of either of the explanatory factors, while the long-run influence is revealed to be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104018

Market Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jales,   Mario; Josling,   Timothy E.; Nassar,   Andre Meloni; Tutwiler,   M. Ann.
The negotiation of improved market access in agriculture is crucial to the success of the Doha Round. The depth of tariff cuts will be the main indication of the level of ambition of the agricultural talks and hence the Round as a whole. Agricultural tariffs remain five times higher than tariffs in industrial goods, and account for the bulk of the distortions in agricultural trade.  Recent analysis indicates that 92 percent of the global gains from trade liberalization in agriculture result from removing market access barriers.  The July Framework reaffirmed the objective of substantial improvements in market access. This is to be accomplished by a single approach, a tiered (or banded) formula for tariff cuts, with the higher tariff rates being subject to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14570

Agriculture and the WTO: Future Directions in the Grain and Oilseed Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.
This paper examines the larger economic forces that shape multilateral trade agreements and concludes that further WTO trade reform in the grain and oilseed sectors will be difficult to achieve. The somewhat successful Uruguay Round had budget and internal reform pressure to assist the process. The United States currently has large budget surpluses, and efficiency effects from policy reform following the Uruguay Round have reduced the possible gains from further domestic reform. Without these pressures, further negotiated reform in the grain and oilseed sectors is a remote possibility. On the other hand, there are good prospects for a multilateral environmental agreement on climate change. Ratification of a climate change agreement could have a large...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Food security; Grain; Kyoto Accord; Oilseed; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23856

The Impact of Trade Barriers on Mandated Biofuel Consumption in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Le Roy,   Danny G.; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Klein,   Kurt K.
In 2008 the Canadian government passed amendments to the Environmental Protection Act requiring five percent ethanol in transportation fuels sold in Canada by 2010 and two percent renewable content in diesel and heating fuels by 2012. Agricultural commodity and other groups have lobbied for further marketplace intervention that would ensure the biofuel needed to meet the legislated requirement be produced from domestic sources. Indeed, many of these special interests would like the biofuels content increased from five to ten percent and for the increase to be met by domestic firms only. The objective of this study is to compare the relative economic impacts in Canada of achieving a ten percent biofuel content either through increased imports or by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biofuel trade policy ethanol canada; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54972

Enhancing the Contribution of Trade Liberalisation in Environmental Services to Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkpatrick,   Colin; George,   Clive; Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
In the last decade, a fundamental phenomenon came to the fore in the business environment: more and more companies are offering total solutions to their customer instead of standardized products or services. Although this trend has already been studied extensively in literature, little has been said about the impact of this phenomenon on the supplier's channel management. This article develops propositions concerning the influence of a total solutions strategy on a company's channel management, rooted on an extensive literature review and case-based research in the Belgian industrial market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Total solutions; Channel management; Channel relationships; Relationship management; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30581

MANAGING EXPOSURE OF DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT TO POLITICAL RISK: THE CASE OF FOOD BUSINESSES IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yan; Bjornson,   Bruce.
Direct foreign investment (DFI) allows a multinational corporation (MNC) to generate and appropriate extra-normal profits from its unique assets in a foreign market.  China has become increasingly attractive for foreign investment over the past 20 years.  This entails political risk, but MNCs can reduce the risk by relying heavily on MNC-specific assets, often in the form of tacit knowledge.  A joint venture with a local partner creates an incentive for a local stakeholder to shield the DFI from political risks and allows the partner to contribute location-specific assets to the venture, further reducing the MNC’s risk.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34511

Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Restructuring of Agribusiness in the CEE Countries Following the Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takacs,   Istvan; Liebmann,   Lajos.
The foreign direct investment (FDI) is a form of the capital flow having several century traditions. In the privatization as well as modernization of economies following the economic and political transition of the countries in the Central and Eastern Europe at the 1990s the role of the foreign direct investment was significant. According to the research, besides to the general positive effects of the FDI (production culture, market demand orientated product and technology innovation, supplier nets of SMEs, diffused know-how, quality demands, etc.) also led to economic dependency as well as market structure deformations (see oil industry, sugar industry, retail chains). The point of view of sectors the foreign direct investment has flowed insignificantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116339

U.S. PROCESSED FOOD EXPORTS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
U.S. exports of processed food products and sales by foreign affiliates of U.S. companies in the industry have been growing rapidly.  Canada and Mexico are the United States' two major trading partners in the Western Hemisphere, while small quantities of processed food products are exported to a number of other countries in the hemisphere.  U.S. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), like exports, is also largest in Canada and Mexico, but there is also significant FDI in the processed food industry in South American countries such as Brazil and Argentina.  U.S. FDI, measured as sales by foreign affiliates, is significantly greater than U.S. processed food exports.   The relationship between FDI and trade is subject to much debate and analysis.  An econometric...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Processed foods; Foreign direct investment; Western Hemisphere; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23547

The Export-Production Decision of Chilean Farmers: The Case of Blueberry Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Moreira,   Victor H.; Cortes,   Pedro.
This article analyzes the relative importance of producers’ attributes and farms’ geographical characteristics in the decision to produce an exportable good (blueberries) in the southern region of Chile. Using farm-level data, a logit model is estimated to identify factors influencing the export-production decision.  Results show that the probability of producing blueberries increases with the educational level of producers (a proxy for productivity), the presence of irrigation and drainage systems, and the availability of labor.  The last factor, which arises from the proximity to large and urbanized regions, has a stronger effect on the export-production decisions of Chilean farms than either farmers’ education or farms’ physical characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Export Production; Geography; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F11; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51025

EFFECTS OF TARIFFS AND SANITARY BARRIERS ON HIGH-AND-LOW-VALUE POULTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Everett B.; Orden,   David.
A competitive partial-equilibrium spatial model with heterogeneous goods is constructed to evaluate effects of the removal of tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, and sanitary regulations on world poultry trade. The model distinguishes between "high-value" (mostly white meat) and "low-value" (mostly dark meat) poultry products and simulates the trade flows between eight exporting and importing countries and regions. Removing all barriers simultaneously has larger impact on trade than only removing tariffs and tariff-rate quotas. Imposition of sanitary barriers against US products by Russia shifts trade flows, but does not have large net impacts on US producers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16126

Export Performance in South Pacific Countries Comparatively Well Endowed with Natural Resources: Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, 1960 to 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Blowes,   Anita.
Stochastic dominance analysis was used to assess export performance in two Melanesian countries of similar size and structure that are comparatively well endowed with natural resources: Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Total export values increased over the study period in Solomon Islands, brought about by a significant increase in the value of non-agricultural resource exports. Agricultural exports showed small increases but the average annual rate of growth was only 1.3 per cent for agricultural export values compared with 10.7 per cent in non-agricultural export values.  The record of commodity export performance in Vanuatu over the study period was less impressive, with a small average annual decline in total export values. This decline was caused by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export performance; Stochastic dominance; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12937

THE DERIVED DEMAND FOR IMPORTED CHEESE IN HONG KONG
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Washington,   Andrew A.; Kilmer,   Richard L.
The objective of this paper was to provide the U.S. dairy industry with empirical estimates of Hong Kong's derived demand for imported cheese differentiated by source country of production.  These estimates were used to simulate the effects of European Union (EU) subsidy reductions on the U.S. share of Hong Kong cheese imports.  Simulation results suggested that Oceania was the primary beneficiary from EU subsidy reductions. Hong Kong cheese imports from the U.S. were expected to increase by 12% if subsidy reductions continue at the same pace as the 1994 GATT agreement and 21% if reductions were twice the pace.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34575

Negotiating a Trade Agreement with the EU: Estimated Poverty Impacts in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Sara.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97462

Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This paper surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 45 microeconometric studies with data from 33 countries that were published between 1995 and 2004. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self select into export markets, while exporting does not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Literature survey; Micro data; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; F14; D21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26308

The conduct of monetary policy in Uganda: an assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christopher,   Adam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Money supply; Liquidity; Cash flows; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101712

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique.
This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage Model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and a poverty elasticities approach. It addresses two questions: To what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52785

Milk Contamination Problems in China - Implications for International Dairy Businesses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91360

Soil Fertility Management And Maize Productivity In Malawi: Curvature Correct Efficiency Modeling And Simulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchale,   Hardwick; Sauer,   Johannes.
We assess the level and determinants of relative technical efficiency of maize-based smallholder farmers using a translog stochastic frontier (TL) model and a symmetric generalized Barnett production function (SGB), both of which are tested for economic regularity conditions. In addition, we conduct a bootstrapping procedure in order to infer about the probability distributions and significance of the relative efficiency values for farmers using different soil fertility management options. The results indicate that higher levels of relative technical efficiency obtain when farmers use integrated soil fertility options compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. The consistency of the results across the two models increase the robustness of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder agriculture; Relative technical efficiency; Soil fertility management; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52077

Trade-distorting SPS and TBT regulations in the EU? A qualitative assessment from the market for live plants and cut flowers.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; Gozlan,   Estelle.
Using specific estimation of ad-valorem equivalents, the paper compares sectors where observed trade flows are significantly lower than predicted flows, with sectors where a SPS/TBT measure is notified in the TRAINS database. Only three sectors are found where a significant negative coefficient matches a notified regulation. Focusing on the market for live plants and cut flowers, the paper provides a description of existing EU import requirements and discusses recent trends in relevant private standards and certification schemes. The trade-restrictiveness of EU and private standards is then assessed based on the results of a survey conducted among exporters of flowers in developing countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SPS; TBT; Private standards; Trade in ornamental products; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7216

WELFARE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADING BLOCS: THE SIMULATION OF A NORTH AMERICAN CUSTOMS UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hughes,   Karol W.
Agricultural trade liberalization among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signatories is modeled using a political preference function. The model distinguishes among Canada, Mexico, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world. Through the use of intracountry compensation, the analysis shows that, from an agricultural perspective, economic integration is in the best interest of the group as a whole, although not in the best interest of individual countries. More specifically, of the agricultural production sectors, Canadian dairy, Mexican corn, and U.S. beef producers suffer the greatest losses from the formation of North American customs union.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31185

INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF TRADE POLICIES IN A MULTI-MARKET FRAMEWORK: A CASE IN PAKISTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.
The impacts of using export taxes as a price control in a multi-market framework are explored using the cotton and yarn sectors in Pakistan as examples. Results show that the export tax on cotton increased domestic consumption and decreased exports of cotton in Pakistan, transferring income from cotton producers to yarn spinners and the government. There was a social loss to Pakistan in the cotton sector. The export tax on cotton increased domestic yarn production, consumption, exports, and incomes of yarn spinners, but resulted in a large transfer (social loss) out of the yarn sector.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Export tax; Simultaneous equations; Simulation; Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15398

EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE THREAT OF NAFTA ON U.S. CATFISH INDUSTRY USING A TRADITIONAL IMPORT DEMAND FUNCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ligeon,   Carel; Jolly,   Curtis M.; Jackson,   John D.
The effects of increased exports from NAFTA member countries on the U.S. domestic catfish industry were evaluated. Results showed that the quantity of catfish imported will fall if the domestic price of catfish falls relative to the import price. Past imports have no effect on present imports. The income elasticity was negative indicating that imported catfish may be an inferior good. Doubling present levels of imports from NAFTA member countries is not a threat to the U.S. catfish industry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27066

International Dairy Notes, February 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
Hot World Market For Milk Proteins Good News For U.S. Dairy Sector
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: World Dairy Market; Milk Proteins; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37686

KONSEQUENZEN DER INTEGRATION IM AGRAR- UND ERNÄHRUNGSSEKTOR ZWISCHEN BEITRITTSLANDERN UND EU-15
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus; Hartmann,   Monika.
The consequences of integration of the agricultural and food sectors between the Central and Eastern European candidate countries and the EU are investigated in this paper. The analysis indicates substantial structural problems in the agricultural sector of most Central European countries (CECs). In most of these countries, the transition process resulted in a highly fragmented farm structure. This impedes the efficient use of the given production factors, at least in the medium and long term. Furthermore, the competitiveness of both sectors is hampered by low investments. Additional problems in the downstream sector are the result of significant excess capacities and insufficient product and process qualities. Delays and failures in creating and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14888

Special and Differential Treatment in the GATT: A Pyrrhic Victory for Developing Countries: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christie,   Andrew.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Special and Differential Treatment in the GATT: A Pyrrhic Victory for Developing Countries" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Trade liberalization; GATT; Special and differential treatment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55901

When Will U.S. Firms Become Major Dairy Exporters?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12730

MEASURING PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURE: THE PRODUCER SUBSIDY EQUIVALENT REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.
In the 1980s, the Producer Subsidy Equivalent (PSE) became the dominant measure of protection in applied studies of international agricultural trade. This paper analyzes potential biases in the ratio form of the PSE introduced by using actual domestic prices rather than social opportunity costs in the denominator. It is shown that doing so introduces a consistent under-estimation of the effects of trade restrictions and other price-support policies, relative to deficiency payments and other income-support policies. It is found that under plausible conditions this bias leads the PSE to rank protection levels across countries or crops incorrectly. In a sample of 250 activities across 33 countries, such errors were found to occur in 5% of crop comparisons and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51114

STRATEGIES FOR U.S. APPLE EXPORTING FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCracken,   Vicki A.; Tansuhaj,   Patriya; O'Rourke,   A. Desmond; Walter,   Karol.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27611

The Co-Evolution of the Washington Consensus and The Economic Development Discourse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
In this paper I give an account of development debates of the past two decades, focusing on the Washington Consensus and on the broader economic development discourse in historical context. Section 2 gives a basic account of the Washington consensus and how its meaning changed from the original formulation. Section 3 presents the evolution of the economic development discourse since the second-world-war, through the 1980s, up to the present. Section 4 asks if there is now a new consensus on economic development, in light of the recent report of the Commission on Growth and Development. Section 5 concludes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48920

CONSOLIDATION, DELIMITATION AND STALEMATE. Disruptive Interplay and Strategic Incentives in the CBD-TRIPS Relationship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungcurt,   Stefan; Meyer,   Thomas.
The relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is characterized by a persistent potential for disruptions in implementation, such as 'biopiracy' conflicts, because of the agreements' incompatible provisions on property rights over genetic resources. The lack of consolidation is often explained by attempts to strategicallly exploit interplay between the two istitutions. Countries of the North and the South are said to push for provisions under their preferred agreement in order to circumvent obligations under the other. We develop an alternative explanation based on a conception of international negotiators acting as agents of particular interest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18843

Revisiting Barriers to Trade: Do Foregone Health Benefits Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Sidi; Kerr,   William A.
This paper examins the question of revisiting the imposition of existing trade barriers in one case of an evolving marketplace – when a traditional food product is altered to provide, or discovered to have, human health benefits that increases their value to consumers. In other words, the food becomes a functional food. A functional food has the potential provide direct benefits to consumers as well as indirect benefits to society in the form of health care cost savings. If the trade barrier was put in place prior to these direct and indirect benefits of the food becoming apparent, then they would not have been considered when the decision to impose the trade barrier was taken. In these circumstances, policy makers may wish to revisit a decision to impose...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51092

Intra-Industry Trade in Horizontally and Vertically Differentiated Agri-Food Products between Hungary and the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Hubbard,   Lionel J.
Intra-industry trade in agri-food products between Hungary and the EU is shown to be low and dominated by vertically rather than horizontally differentiated products, suggesting higher economic adjustment costs. Following recent empirical studies, we then test econometrically for the determinants of this trade using different measures of horizontal and vertical trade, and employing an array of popular explanatory variables. Results suggest that separating the measure of intra-industry trade into vertical and horizontal provides for better estimation and supports the contention that the determinants may differ by type of trade. In the regression analysis, the level of intra-industry trade is found to serve as a better dependent variable than the degree or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Product differentiation; Hungary; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24884

Conceptualizing Informality: Regulation and Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
The informality discourse is large, vibrant and expanding fast. But there is a certain conceptual incoherence to the literature. New definitions of informality compete with old definitions leading to a plethora of alternative conceptualisations. While some individual studies may apply a tight definition consistently, the literature as a whole is in a mess. This paper proposes that informality and formality should be seen in direct relation to economic activity in the presence of specified regulation(s). Relative to the regulation(s), four conceptual categories that can help frame the analysis are: (A) regulation applicable and compliant, (B) regulation applicable and non-compliant, (C) regulation non-applicable after adjustment of activity and (D)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48926

UNITED STATES PERSPECTIVE: SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE AND THE WORLD ECONOMY: THE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Kenneth C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29714

THE IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES, STORAGE, AND EXCHANGE RATES ON EXPORTS OF CANADIAN FRESH CARROTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bierlen,   Ralph W.; Blandford,   David.
Canadian exports of fresh carrots to the United States have increased substantially in recent years.  The depreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar has been a major factor.  Canadian government subsidies also may have had an impact by accelerating the construction of cold storage facilities.  These have permitted the marketing period to be extended.  However, an analysis of costs and returns suggests that cold storage of carrots is commercially profitable.  Storage capacity would probably have increased without government aid.  The returns to storage and the change in exchange rates are the primary factors contributing to the expansion of Canadian exports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28976

TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayer,   Leo V.; Sharp,   Wayne W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17844

EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS OF NON-TRADABILITY OF FOOD STAPLES IN TANZANIA 1983-1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.; Minot,   Nicholas; Tiongco,   Marites M.
Economic reform programs assume that major goods are tradable, such that depreciation of the real exchange rate raises the value of output compared to factor costs in domestic currency. In Tanzania, major food staples that account for most real income are non-tradables in at least one-quarter of the country. This is demonstrated and implications assessed for the constraints imposed on macroeconomic-led adjustment strategies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tradable goods; Non-tradable goods; Exchange rate pass-through; Tanzania; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60450

Recent Developments in the Rwandan Agriculture: The Challenges of Attaining Food Security and Abolishing Absolute Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jose,   Ariyappillil Mathai.
The paper intends to take stock of the situation in the agricultural sector of Rwanda. The main purpose is to identify the gaps in the efforts so far; and subsequently to consider new policy interventions that are needed to achieve the goal of eliminating the ‘Fear of Want’. The sector’s performance is crucial in achieving the MDGs in the country. Noteworthy is that the largest part of Rwandan population agriculture is a livelihood and for the policy makers the sector is continuing to be a development problem. This paper analyzes the links between agriculture, food security and poverty reduction in Rwanda based on available secondary data. It is done in light of two important happenings in the country development scenario after the completion of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52131

Trading out of Poverty: WTO Agreements and the West African Agriculture. A Report of the Food Security II Cooperative Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Yade,   Mbaye.
This report is a brief survey of WTO agreements and their implications for the West African economies (including Chad). The study reviews the positions of West African countries on various WTO issues and compares these positions with positions expressed by major trade partners, particularly the Cairns Group, the European Union, Japan, Sub-Sahara Africa, and the United States.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; World trade organization; Poverty; West Africa; International trade; Market access; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 29; F0.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54573

AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY: REVIEW AND PROSPECTS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penn,   J.B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32862

Estimating and projecting flows of greenhouse gases for New Zealand agriculture and planted forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   Darran; Rivas Palma,   Rosa Maria.
New Zealand is atypical among the Annex I parties within the Kyoto Protocol with agriculture forming a large part of greenhouse gas emissions and planted forests sequestering large amounts of carbon. This presentation will summarise the methods and data used to estimate flows of greenhouse gases within agriculture and planted forests in New Zealand’s National Inventory Report submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change last April. 2009 projections for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) will also be presented and discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Planted forests; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97159

International Product Differentiation through a Country Brand: An Economic Analysis of National Branding as a Marketing Strategy for Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Innes,   Brian G.; Kerr,   William A.; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Trade policy initiatives of developed country governments are in flux. Governments’ need for new trade policy measures has arisen partly because of constraints imposed on the use of export subsidies by the Agreement on Agriculture reached as part of the Uruguay Round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1994. Further disciplines on export subsidies and other policy measures may be agreed on in the Doha Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations, accentuating the need for new policy measures. While the Doha Round may not successfully reach an agreement, the current modalities show provisional agreement on the elimination of multiple forms of export subsidies. There is provisional agreement on more stringent restrictions on the use of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6131

Economic Incentives for Controlling Trade-Related Biological Invasions in the Great Lakes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lupi,   Frank; Horan,   Richard D.
Ballast water from commercial ships engaged in international trade has been implicated as the primary invasion pathway in over 60 percent of new introductions of invasive alien species (IAS) in the Great Lakes since 1960. Recent policies have recognized that IAS are a form of biological pollution and have become focused on preventing new introductions. Given that emissions-based incentives are infeasible for the case of biological emissions, we investigate the cost-effectiveness of various performance proxy-based and technology-based economic incentives to reduce the threat of new invasions of Ponto-Caspian species in the Great Lakes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Aquatic nuisance species; Ballast water; Uncertainty; Risk management; Performance-based incentives; Environmental subsidies; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10200

Illicit Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferrier,   Peyton Michael.
Agricultural and wildlife trade is subject to sudden, disruptive import restrictions arising from concerns over sanitary and phytosanitary safety and the conservation of natural resources. These restrictions can create significant international price differences that encourage the smuggling of goods across borders. This article presents an equilibrium model of smuggling where the supply and demand for smuggled goods depend on interregional price disparities in the presence of a trade ban. In this model, smuggling is more prevalent when demand and supply among trade partners is more inelastic or when there are fewer total trade partners at the time a trade ban is enacted. Applications are presented for regionalization, destruction of goods in government...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Illicit trade; Invasive species; Smuggling; SPS Agreement; CITES; Endangered Species Act; Regionalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45668

Explaining German imports of olive oil: evidence from a gravity model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kavallari,   Aikaterini; Maas,   Sarah; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
In this study the case of olive oil imports of Germany is examined since olive oil is a traditional Mediterranean commodity and Germany is the biggest importer in the EU. A gravity model has been employed so as to analyse those factors that explain the German imports of olive oil that were identified in a preceding analysis of the German olive oil supply chain. The results of two random-effects models corrected for serial correlation and heteroskedasticity suggest that being a Mediterranean Partner country of the EU has the highest impact on trade flows to Germany, thus supporting further Euromediterranean trade integration. The level of trade to Germany is positively related to existence of direct marketing channels and to tourism implying that these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Olive oil; Germany; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44217

THE ANTI-DUMPING NEGOTIATIONS: PROPOSALS, POSITIONS AND ANTI-DUMPING PROFILES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.; Wainio,   John.
Negotiations over the rules governing the use of anti-dumping duties are occurring in both the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade of the Americas. However, the goal of the negotiations is unclear as some governments want to restrict the use of anti-dumping while others seek to maintain the ability of national governments to use anti-dumping measures. We hypothesize that members who desire to preserve the use of anti-dumping are active in initiating suits. To explore this hypothesis, we examine the positions taken by major actors in the negotiations, and their anti-dumping profile. The anti-dumping profile includes data on a member's AD actions including investigations and measures, as well as the investigations and measures against the member's...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anti-dumping; WTO negotiations; FTAA negotiations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20041

TECHNICAL BARRIERS IN THE GLOBAL POULTRY MARKET: A SEARCH FOR 'MISSING TRADE'
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.; Orden,   David; Roberts,   Donna.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14566

THE EFFECT OF WTO AND FTAA ON AGRICULTURE AND THE RURAL SECTOR IN LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morley,   Samuel A.; Pineiro,   Valeria.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16171

Die Märkte für Schlachtvieh und Fleisch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Probst,   Friedrich-Wilhelm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98089

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE U.S. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Changyou; Koo,   Won W.
Intra-industry trade (IIT) in the U.S. food processing industry is evaluated in this study. The IIT index is disentangled into horizontal and vertical components and evaluated at 6-digit HTS product levels. The degree of IIT varies across different trading partners and sub-industries, and, for the U.S. food processing industry as a whole, it has been steadily increasing since 1989. Most of the IIT in the U.S. food processing industry is vertical in nature. However, horizontal IIT has been increasing faster than vertical IIT. The determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT are examined in a multiple-industry and multiple-country model. Industry characteristics show more significant effects on IIT than country characteristics. Product differentiation, market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23629

HEALTH, PLANT AND ANIMAL PROTECTION, AND FOOD SAFETY: WTO AND NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haddow,   Paul.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16944

THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON CONSUMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roland,   Cecelia M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17692

Como Evitar Matar a Galinha dos Ovos de Ouro: Uma Análise dos Potenciais Impactos de Uma Taxa Sobre as Exportações de Tabaco Não Processado em Moçambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Miguel,   Arlindo; Zandamela,   Julieta; de Sousa,   Natercia; Boughton,   Duncan; Tschirley,   David L.; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Resultados das Investigações do Departamento de Análise de Políticas, MADER - Direcção de Economia, em colaboração com a Universidade Estadual de Michigan
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55244

Canadian Agriculture and the Doha Development Agenda: The Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Meilke,   Karl D.
The WTO Framework Agreement negotiators accepted in July 2004 provides a guide to the commitments a Doha Development Agenda agreement may contain. These commitments will involve direct and indirect export subsidies, domestic support and market access. Commitments in each of these areas will have implications for Canadian agriculture. This paper explores these implications for supply management, the Canadian Wheat Board and domestic support programs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24157

A Gravity Approach to Assess the Effects of Association Agreements on Euromediterranean Trade of Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selva,   Maria Luisa Marti; Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18874

2007 Outlook of the U.S. and World Sugar Industries, 2006-2016
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2006-2016 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to remain profitable over the next ten years mainly because higher world oil prices have increased the conversion of sugar into ethanol by Brazil, while other exporting countries have increased their production in response to those higher prices. Brazil is the largest exporter of sugar, and it is expected that the rate of increase in Brazilian sugar exports may be reduced due to high oil prices. World demand for sugar is expected...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7632

Trade Liberalization and Agricultural Terms of Trade in China: Price Scissors Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Zhu,   Jing.
With China’s accession to the WTO, concerns have arisen over the possible negative welfare impacts on domestic agricultural producers. The broad concern is that China’s domestic agricultural prices will be pushed down even further, leading to a greater widening of the gap between rural and urban incomes. It is widely believed that declining price ratio of agricultural to industrial products, the so-called “price scissors”, is one of the major reasons for increasing rural-urban income differences over the past decades. Therefore, improving the terms of trade in favor of agricultural products is a broad policy goal in China. But is this possible with the country joining the WTO?  While there is a general perception that the price scissors have negatively...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade openness; China’s price scissors; Rural-urban income gap; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51636

TARIFF ESCALATION AND THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: HOW CAN MARKET ACCESS BE IMPROVED IN THE DOHA ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper explores the issue of market access where some developing countries export high-value processed goods and others export raw commodities. The results show that market access issues for goods entering at different stages of the marketing chain should take into consideration the potential existence of successively oligopolistic markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20156

Rice Policy, Trade, and Exchange Rate Changes in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; El-Said,   Moataz; San,   Nu Nu.
"June 1998." Includes bibliographical references (leaf 11). Published as Robinson, Sherman; El-Said, Moataz; San, Nu Nu. 1998. Rice policy, trade, and exchange rate changes in Indonesia: a general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Asian Economics 9(3): 393-424.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Econometric models; Rice -- Indonesia -- Marketing; Trade policy -- Econometric models; Price maintenance -- Asia; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97547

Evolving Seasonal Pattern of Tenerife Tomato Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez,   Gloria Martin; Hernandez,   Jose Juan Caceres.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the long term movements and, particularly, the seasonal pattern of Tenerife (Canary Islands) tomato exports throughout the last two decades. In order to observe more clearly the exporter's decisions, weekly data has been used. The instabilities in the long term behaviour of the series and the specific nature of the seasonal pattern should be taken into account in order to capture the performance of exports accurately. Thus, this analysis is carried out inside the frame delimited by the structural approach to time series and the usefulness of evolving splines as a tool capable of modelling seasonal variations in which either the period or the magnitude of the fluctuations do not remain the same over time is shown.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tenerife tomato exports; Weekly data; Structural models; Evolving splines; International Relations/Trade; C22; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24501

Do Exports Raise Productivity?  Plant-level Evidence from the Colombian Agri-food Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandilov,   Ivan T.; Liu,   Xiangping.
Using detailed plant-level manufacturing Census data from the Colombian Agri-food industries, we show that exports raise plant-level productivity by about 15 to 20 percent.  However, the estimates reveal that efficiency in plants that become persistent exporters, i.e. plants that service foreign markets at least 30 percent of the time during our sample years 1981-1991, increases about 30 percent upon their entry into foreign markets, while productivity in plants that become only occasional exporters does not change at all.  Hence, the positive impact of exports on productivity for is driven by the large positive impact on persistent exporters.  To identify the effect of exports on plant-level productivity we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (2003) measure of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Difference-in-differences; Propensity score matching; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q17; F12; Q12; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103632

Impacts of the U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) on U.S. Fruit Exports - the Apple Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fu,   Shengfei; Epperson,   James E.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
The U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) levels the playing field of trade between the United States and the six CAFTA-DR partner countries. Half of U.S. farm products gain immediate tariff-free access to the markets of the CAFTA-DR region. All Tariffs will be eliminated in 20 years. Under CAFTA-DR, tariffs on an important U.S. fresh fruit export to the region, fresh apples, declined from an initial base of 15%-25% in CAFTA-DR countries to zero immediately upon enforcement. The specific objective of this research is to analyze the impact of tariff elimination under CAFTA-DR on the trade of U.S. fresh apples. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the analysis involving an excess-supply-excess-demand model with...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAFTA-DR; Trade liberalization; Tariff elimination; Generalized Method of Moments(GMM); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13; F15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119783

The Basic Economics of an Export Bonus Scheme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51230

Impact of international organic markets on small U.S. producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grow,   Shelly; Greene,   Catherine R.
Rapid growth of the organic agricultural sector in the U.S. and implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's national organic standards in 2002 have lead to concerns that organic production could become increasingly concentrated on larger U.S. and international farms, disrupting the market access of small domestic organic producers. However, data on the U.S. organic agriculture show that the smallest-scale farms continue to hold a small but stable piece of the organic sector and that U.S. organic farm size has grown slowly. The amount of land under organic production worldwide is growing rapidly, particularly in developing countries producing commodities for export, many of which are not widely grown in the U.S. Small-scale producers using direct...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Organic certification; Small-scale farmers; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7862

ON THE NEGLECT OF DYNAMICS, RISK AND MARKET INSULATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF URUGUAY ROUND FOOD TRADE REFORMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyers,   Rodney.
The substantial investment in models of international food markets prior to and during the Uruguay Round of international trade negotiations has been a mixed blessing so far as the prospects for reform are concerned. At worst, results from these models have misled the negotiations because they have most often ignored a primary concern lending domestic political support to food market interventions, namely the avoidance of risks borne of dependence on international markets. In this paper the reasons for market insulating policies are reviewed and their links with protection elucidated. Some errors that have stemmed from the application of 'standard' but inappropriate models are noted. Finally, the implications of extending the standard method to include...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22620

The Demand for Imported Apple Juice in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Muhammad,   Andrew.
This study estimates U.S. demand for imported apple juice by exporting country. Given that China has emerged as the top supplier to the U.S., we focus on the impact of China on competing exporting countries. Results show that U.S. imports from Argentina, Chile, and the rest of the world (ROW) were significantly responsive to apple juice prices in China. U.S. imports from China were significantly responsive to prices in Argentina, Chile and the ROW as well; however, the responsiveness of imports from China to apple juice prices in these countries was relatively smaller than the responsiveness of imports from these countries to China’s price.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55606

PRICE INTEGRATION IN MERCOSUR COUNTRIES: A FRACTIONAL COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.; Smith,   Darnell B.
This paper examines price integration in the MERCOSUR countries of Argentina and Brazil after the creation of this regional economic agreement using a fractional cointegration analysis.  The results suggest that Argentine wheat and corn prices are fully cointegrated with the corresponding world prices, whereas Brazilian wheat prices are not cointegrated with the world price.  These results support the idea that, for these markets, MERCOSUR is operating more like a free trade area than a customs union with harmonized trade policies.  In case of soybean, neither soybean price is integrated with the world price, implying that both countries are pursuing similar export strategies that have the effect of isolating these markets from the world markets.  Within...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20954

What the Industrial Countries Can Do to Support Developing Countries' Development Goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krueger,   Anne O.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50093

Globalisation and the WTO: Attitudes Expressed by Pressure Groups and by Less Developed Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The WTO and other Bretton Woods institutions are widely seen as facilitators of the process of economic globalisation, a process which has been underway for many centuries but which has accelerated since World War II. The role of the WTO, and other  organizations, in this process is currently generating considerable social conflict. This article outlines the views of pressure groups from more developed countries about the role of the WTO in economic globalisation paying particular attention to concerns about labour and environmental standards. The views of trade union and labour bodies, of business organizations, farmers and environmentalists, principally from higher income countries, are presented. To some extent, labour bodies, environmentalists and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Economic Globalization; Trade Unions; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48003

Regulating Agricultural Imports To Keep Out Foreign Pests and Disease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Osteen,   Craig D.; Roberts,   Donna.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124027

Beyond Credence:  Emerging Consumer Trends in International Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cuthbertson,   Bron; Marks,   Nicki.
This paper presents the findings of research on emerging global trends in consumer food preferences with credence attributes. Credence qualities cannot be evaluated in normal use. Instead the assessment of their value requires information sought through the search and experience of a product (Darbi &amp; Karni, 1973). Key trends identified were Health and wellness foods, environmentally sustainable and ethical food production. Key drivers for these trends are corporate social responsibility, media, obesity, technology, an aging population and consumers' environmental attitudes. Conditions to operate in this market are traceability, food safety, trust, accreditation, labeling and branding.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5980

Lessons Learned from the Phase-out of the MFA: Moving from Managed Distortion to Managed Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
While the elimination of the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA) was presumed to be a net global benefit because it represented an elimination of a distortionary set of trade agreements, it was based on the assumption that the underlying global trading regime was based on free trade principles. However, due to the trading pattern that has emerged after the MFA and its unintended consequences – with production infrastructure and trading rules based on distortionary incentives so entrenched into the system – the global trading regime after the elimination of quotas is still far short of free.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: MFA; Textile and clothing; Trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104063

Opportunities for African Small Farmers in Ethical Foods Markets: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent.
Income growth in many countries is fuelling expansion of the ethical consumer segment and creating an unprecedented opportunity for small African farmers. The challenge is how to organize these farmers to seize the opportunities being offered by the emerging market. We argue in this paper that the development of entrepreneurial perspectives on small farmers’ realities could help alleviate the current economic challenges confronting them. We suggest increased engagement between researchers and academics with producers in entrepreneurial ventures to seize these opportunities. This is new model of economic development focuses on microeconomic solutions through entrepreneurial initiatives. We believe the agricultural economics profession’s ability to engage...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethical Foods; Farmers; African; Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52215

Why Do Countries Form Regions? The Political Economy of Regional Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
To understand the reasons for the formation of regional economic groupings two basic concepts are introduced: association and dissociation. Moreover, the importance of interest groups and strategic groups is discussed, and security and bargaining power as basic political motivations are evaluated. The paper also analyses some political economy arguments regarding the determinants of the size of economic groupings and the dynamics of their development through different stages. Finally it considers regional groupings as strategical coalitions with a deep impact on the future of the world economy. Um die Ursachen für die Entstehung regionaler ökonomischer Gruppierungen zu verstehen werden zwei grundlegende Konzepte eingeführt: Absonderung und bedingte...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: New Regionalism; Regional Groupings; Interest Groups; Security and Bargaining Power; Strategic Coalitions; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F; F15; P16.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26214

Dairy Market Impacts of US Milk Protein Imports and Trade Policy Alternatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   Phillip M.; Nicholson,   Charles F.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122102

MODELLING IMPORT DEMAND SYSTEMS WITH NONSTATIONARY DATA: AN APPLICATION TO THE FRENCH IMPORTS OF VIRGIN OLIVE OIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben Kaabia,   Monia; Gil,   Jose Maria.
This paper aims to provide a flexible methodological framework to estimate import demand models, which explicitly considers the stochastic properties of data and the endogenous/exogenous nature of some variables. The French imports of virgin olive oil have been used as a case study with Spain, Italy and the Rest of the World as main suppliers. The methodological framework starts by the specification a reduced-form VAR. Appropriated exogeneity tests show the exogeneity of Total Real Imports, indicating the appropriateness of estimating a conditional model. Two cointegration relationships have been found. Several restrictions have been tested in order to identify them as AIDS equations. From structural coefficients of the restricted cointegrated vectors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Virgin olive oil; France; Demand for imports; Cointegration; And exogeneity.; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6696

Price Transmission Asymmetries and Nonlinearities in the International Coffee Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jun; Gomez,   Miguel I.
We examine two distinct and important dimensions (e.g. symmetry vs. asymmetry and linearity vs. nonlinearity) of price transmission from international to retail coffee prices in France, Germany and the United States. We show that ignoring these two features of the price transmission process may lead to misleading impact assessments resulting from the elimination of International Coffee Agreement (ICA) in 1990. Our results confirm the presence of threshold effects in both periods (ICA and post ICA) in all three countries. Our estimates show that, in the long-run, the speed of adjustment toward equilibrium becomes faster during the post-ICA period in France and Germany. Our results suggest that, for these two countries, changes in international prices did...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Threshold; Nonlinearity; Asymmetric Price Transmission; Roasted Coffee; Germany; United States; France; Error Correction Model; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; C32; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104024

International Dairy Notes, November 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
World Prices for Dairy Products Reach Unprecedented Highs from Short Supply and Strong Demand
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Supply and Demand; World Dairy Prices; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37682

Die Logik der europäischen Agrarpolitik: Politische Macht oder ökonomische Gesetzmäßigkeiten?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Christian H.C.A.; Struve,   Carsten; Brockmeier,   Martina.
This paper derives an applied general political economy model incorporating a model of political decision-making into a computable general economic equilibrium model. Political decision-making among a set of legislators is modeled via a mean voter decision rule derived from a modified non-cooperative legislative bargaining game of a BARON-FEREJOHN type. Legislators’ preferences are endogenously derived from political support maximization, where policies translate into legislators’ support according to a political transformation surface. Each surface reflects specific economic framework conditions of legislators` constituency. The model allows a simultaneous analysis of political and economic factors determining policy outcome. In regard to the Health Check...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Political economy general equilibrium model; European agricultural policy; Endogenous policy preferences; CAP reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97590

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPORTS AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOR PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarasin,   Leslie G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33508

Trade Restrictions on Farmland - a Utilitarian Analysis of Paternalistic Laws
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
The aim of this paper is to approach the normative analysis of paternalistic laws.  Our examples are restrictions on trade in agricultural land: a quantitative restriction in Switzerland and Germany and a fixed price range for lease land in France.  We develop a normative framework from the literature and apply it to the restrictions.  It shows that the quantitative restrictions apparently rest on a misunderstanding of structural change and can therefore hardly be justified, whereas the price allegation protects from information asymmetries which would lead to unfair results.  Hence it can be shown that a normative analysis of paternalistic interventions can produce meaningful results.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30709

NORTH-NORTH-SOUTH AG-BIOTECH POLICY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Hightower,   Amie L.
This paper examines the impact of European Union policy on genetically modified organisms on trade flows and economic growth.  Restrictive European Union policies on biotech production and consumption result in: an effective export subsidy of capital to the South; new trade flows; North America being the dominant producer of biotech research and development; the South being a dominant producer of biotech products; and the European Union being the dominant producer of traditional agricultural products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11681

THE BSE CRISIS IN CANADA: A TRADE PERSPECTIVE ON SANITARY BARRIERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.; Kerr,   William A.; Vliet,   Van.
The discovery of BSE in Canada's cattle herd on May 20, 2003 has led to lost market access for Canadian cattle and beef in many countries. The Canadian cattle industry is extremely export dependent, and the loss of almost all of major export markets has had a devastating impact. Over a year later, many of these markets have still not removed their restrictions on Canadian cattle and beef. The severity of the restrictions and their long-term continuance are far in excess of what is recommended by the international organisations that set the standards for trade in animals and animal products. This has led many in the Canadian industry to wonder why these sanitary barriers are being misused and abused. The illegitimate and legitimate reasons for creating a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23936

Regulatory Takings and Environmental Regulation in NAFTA's Chapter 11
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma; Karp,   Larry S.; McAusland,   Carol.
NAFTA's investment treaty has led to several expropriation compensation claims from investors hurt by new environmental regulations. Expropriation clauses in international treaties solve post-investment moral hazard problems such as hold-ups. However, these clauses can interact with National Treatment clauses in a manner that hinders investment. A police powers carve-out from the definition of expropriation can be Pareto-improving and can increase the level of foreign investment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Regulatory takings; Expropriation; NAFTA; National Treatment; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K3; Q58; F21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7195

THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS ON EXPORT SUBSIDIES TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE CURRENT WTO ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforti,   Piero; Velazquez,   Beatriz E.
The paper is aimed at assessing the impact of reducing and/or eliminating EU export subsidies within the next WTO round. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and database are employed to study the effects of the two main proposals put forward in the Doha Round on this matter by the EU and the US. Results of the simulations confirm the common knowledge that the elimination of EU export subsidies would imply increasing prices, exports and production for several net exporters of agricultural products. At the same time, such effects are all relatively small in size, particularly on trade, production and welfare, even under the more radical scenario that simulates the elimination of export subsidies. Despite some net importing countries would suffer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14801

Extending General Equilibrium to the Tariff Line: U.S. Dairy in the DOHA Development Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rutherford,   Thomas F.
Market access has been at the core of eight negotiating rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Yet, agricultural trade remains a heavily protected sector, characterized by higher tariffs relative to industrial goods, large tariff dispersions, numerous specific tariffs and systems of tariff-rate-quotas. This has made the analysis of trade liberalization a formidable task among policy analysts. Previous studies of agricultural trade liberalization have used partial or general equilibrium models of trade. However, each of these modeling strategies has their drawbacks. General equilibrium (GE) models have been criticized because they face serious aggregation issues and miss much of the policy detail that occurs at the tariff line. Partial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Mixed-complementarity problem; Partial equilibrium; General equilibrium; Doha Development Agenda; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F01; F17; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25305

Towards to the future success in the European markets: Highly innovative food products from Slovakia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horska,   Elena; Bielik,   Peter.
Internationalisation and international linkages between producers, marketing partners and customers in various geographical areas has become an everyday reality for contemporary firms. The core area of this paper includes the process of internationalization of the small and medium enterprises and the role of the trends at the food market, particularly those which may be a potential stimulator for the internationalisation process and the most efficient way to segment markets. The study represents a qualitative process- based research. The strategy of the study is descriptive and explorative. Interviews, questionnaires, panel discussions and analysis of documents form the basis for the research material. The main emphasis is on 7 small and medium enterprises...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovative product; Market segmentation; Internationalisation; Healthy food products; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10054

Assessing China’s Potential Import Demand for Distillers Dried Grain: Implications for Grain Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Hansen,   James M.; Matthey,   Holger; Pan,   Suwen; Tuan,   Francis C.
A team of U.S. analysts visited China to assess the potential for use of distillers dried grain plus solubles (DDGS) in China’s livestock sector. They examined the economics of the use of DDGS in feeds, the policy issues surrounding the use of the product, and transportation-logistic constraints in the expansion of DDGS imports. The team collected actual and secondary data to conduct a micro-economic analysis of the impact of DDGS on feed cost, solicited official and expert opinions through interviews, and conducted site visits. They found the development of the DDGS import market in China to be very promising. The microeconomic analysis showed a clear economic incentive for feed millers and livestock producers to use DDGS in their feed ration, with a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: DDGS; Distillers grain; Feed demand; Livestock sector; Optimal feed ration.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55553

GLOBALIZATION, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES, AND OTHER THREATS TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnett,   Barry J.; Lee,   John E., Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15029

Macroeconomic Imbalances in the World Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew; Heerman,   Kari.
This paper explores the emergence of large current account imbalances in a few large countries, the factors behind the emergence, the role of those imbalances in the financial crisis of 2008-09, and the implications of achieving global balance.  Imbalances reflect a country’s net savings and suggest that growth in GDP of a surplus country is partly dependent upon growth in external demand of deficit countries. Although a country can incur a surplus or deficit for ever, we suggest that the increasing surpluses of relatively large and rapidly growing countries is likely to be destabilizing to global growth in the long-run. The adjustment will likely require a surplus country, such as China, to rely more on domestic demand for growth while a deficit country,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109244

Forest and Forest Land Valuation: How to Value Forest and Forest Land to Include Carbon Costs and Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meade,   Richard; Fiuza,   Gabriel; Lu,   Andrea; Boyle,   Glenn; Evans,   Lewis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97127

The determinants of bilateral World Trade Organization disputes in the agro-food sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Christian; Heckelei,   Thomas.
This paper analyses relevant determinants for the probability to initiate a dispute on policy measures under the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system. The empirical analysis focuses on agro-food-related disputes to provide sector-specific information on the driving factors in dispute settlement, and complements and extends previous studies by incorporating new potential determinants. The focus is shifted to bilaterally dependent characteristics to take care of trade related and power-based relationships between Members. Contrary to recent analyses of overall trade disputes, the results show that some determinants such as export value and monetary means are not statistically significant. However, the import dependency from the defendant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO dispute; Agro-food sector; Binary choice model; International Relations/Trade; C12; C13; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49461

What is the structure of the coffee market: Can the real poor benefit from the coffee trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokorna,   Irena; Smutka,   Lubos.
This article deals with the trade with coffee. The primary aim of the paper is to analyse the international coffee trade. Because coffee belongs to the cash crops we have focus on the production. We have analysed the structure of the trade concerning the green (not roasted) coffee, roasted coffee and coffee extracts, essences or concentrates. The analyses of production show enormous differences between developed and developing countries on the supply side. Dissimilarity appeared in the price system. Our results show that developing countries (especially least developed countries) cannot fully benefit from the international trade because they are placed just on the lowest level of the production vertical line. The results prove that there must exist strong...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee market; International trade; Prices; Supply chains; Developing countries; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96865

Law and Policy on Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge and Development: Legally Protecting Creativity and Collective Rights in Traditional Knowledge Based Agricultural Products through Geographical Indications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dagne,   Teshager.
Geographical indications emerged on the international scene at the centre of three highly debated subjects: intellectual property, international trade and agricultural policy. This article discusses the use of geographical indications in the protection of traditional knowledge–based agricultural products in the international intellectual property framework, and assesses the challenges and opportunities geographical indications present with respect to efforts to cater to the needs of indigenous people and local communities. The discussion begins with a succinct overview of the definitional aspects of geographical indications, traditional knowledge and traditional knowledge–based agricultural products. In an attempt to locate the issue of geographical...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Geographical indications; Traditional knowledge; TRIPS; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61577

A DISAGGREGATED TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF EXPORT-BASE MODELS: A CASE STUDY ON ELKO COUNTY OF NEVADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Swagata (Ban); Harris,   Thomas R.
An important issue of debate in economic base literature is whether the export-base theory applies best to the short run, the long run, or both. An attempt is being made here in answering this crucial question by applying a two-step test for cointegration on quarterly employment data, and in gaining insights as to whether or not any unequivocal judgment can be made regarding the validity of the economic base hypothesis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20640

TRADE AGREEMENTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: SOME OBSERVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penn,   Kristin.
My purpose here is to introduce a few Land O’ Lakes development concepts, describe some of the most important trade concepts that guide our work in an increasingly interconnected world, describe in more detail our approach to development and some of the key tools we use, and then offer some observations about links between trade liberalization, competition and development.  And, actually, I want to emphasize the important overlap between development and trade reforms and an exciting tool we use to build on the increased competition implicit in trade reform.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16733

Taming the Dragon: The WTO After the Accession of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Hobbs,   Anna L.
The accession of China to the WTO may take place in the near future. While much attention has been given to the effect this will have on international trade and the Chinese economy, less attention has been given to the effect on the WTO. China is a large, developing, transition economy that is likely to alter the WTO in a number of ways. The paper examines three aspects of China’'s accession and their implications for the WTO: (1) will China play by the rules?; (2) market socialism in the WTO'’s market-based system; and (3) the organisation'’s decision-making process.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Accession; China; Decision making; Unequal treaties; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23853

EXPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. WALNUTS: IMPACTS OF U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onunkwo,   Izuchukwu M.; Epperson,   James E.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of the major factors affecting the export demand for U.S. walnuts in Asia and the European Union (E.U.), which together import about 75 percent of U.S. walnut exports. The primary objective pertained to the impacts of federal promotion programs on the foreign demand for U.S. walnuts. The marginal return per dollar to decreasing promotion expenditures for walnuts was $6.14 for Asia, reflecting prudent utilization of promotion expenditures as the Asian market for U.S. walnuts approaches maturity. The European Union appears to be a mature market for U.S. walnut exports with no detectable responsiveness to promotion expenditures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27814

BALANCING RISK REDUCTION AND BENEFITS FROM TRADE IN SETTING STANDARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   John S.; Otsuki,   Tsunehiro.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16564

FLUID MILK QUOTAS: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neutze,   G.M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1963
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9365

An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516

TRADE DISPUTES IN AN UNSETTLED INDUSTRY: MEXICAN SUGAR DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Ben.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16940

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   John B.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33122

THE UPCOMING ROUND OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: POSSIBLE US OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23682

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE WTO:  A CLOSER LOOK AT FOUR COMMODITIES IN BARBADOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcus-Burnett,   Emalene.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Special products; Sensitive commodities; WTO; CARICOM Single Market and Economy; CAES; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36951

Measuring domestic implications of tariff cuts under EU entry price regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anton,   Jesus; Muniz,   Ignacio Atance.
The entry price regime in the European Union (EU) applies to several products, mainly fresh fruits and vegetables. The complexity of the system with endogenous applied tariffs makes the evaluation of different alternatives of tariff cuts more challenging than for other regimes. The challenge applies to academics with interest on estimating market impacts, to WTO negotiators that need to evaluate proposals and to policy-makers that may need to take decisions on options such as the declaration of a sensitive product. This paper develops a methodology to compare different tariff cuts alternatives, including the URAA method that implies reductions in the level of the entry price, constant entry price, and Tariff Rate Quotas expansion. Uncertainty about...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9400

Cornell-SEWA-WIEGO 2008 Dialogue - Ahmedabad and Delhi Compendium of Personal and Technical Notes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bali,   Namrata; Basu,   Kaushik; Bhorat,   Haroon; Carre,   Francoise; Chen,   Martha Alter; Fields,   Gary S.; Jhabvala,   Renana; Kanbur,   Ravi; Lund,   Francie; Unni,   Jeemol; Valodia,   Imraan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51152

Forces behind China's Surging Trade: Competitiveness or Policy Driven?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somwaru,   Agapi; Tuan,   Francis C.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Diao,   Xinshen; Langley,   Suchada V.
This paper delves into China's differential growths in trade flows with high income countries by focusing on bilateral content of trade data over the time period 1962-2005.  Unlike other studies, we account for end use of traded goods ranging from primary, intermediate, and finished goods because China's policies impact all segments China's trade flows.  China's trade growth patterns with major high income countries clearly indicate that the adjacency-neighborhood partners alone is unlikely to explain its unprecedented growth in exports and imports.  China's outstanding performance in trade growth can be traced back to the 1970s with changes in its policies and increased involvement in the international segmentation of production processes and preferential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; International trade; Growth; Policies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9907

Impacts of agricultural trade and market liberalization of food security in developing countries: comparative study of Kenya and Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyairo,   Newton Morara; Kola,   Jukka; Sumelius,   John.
The introduction of agricultural reforms has debatable effects on food security in developing countries. This research investigates how such effects influenced maize supply in two developing countries which were among the first to introduce agricultural reforms. Conclusions from the research suggest that agricultural reforms led to mixed results. This may be attributed to the sometimes stop-go nature of reform implementation. The mixed results are reflected in the weak maize output response to price changes. Overall country economic conditions, state of agricultural development can be attributed to the pace of response, hence effect on agricultural supply. Elasticity of maize output to changes in price and acreage are strongly significant in maize output...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Agricultural reforms; Elasticity of supply; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96172

How Much do Non-Tariff Measures Explain the Border Effect at Entry to the EU Market? The CEECs Agri-Food Exports to EU in the Pre-Accession Period.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chevassus-Lozza,   Emmanuelle; Latouche,   Karine; Majkovic,   Darja.
Since the Single European Market (SEM) has been established, the free movement of goods has been facilitated not only by removing border formalities, but also by the technical harmonisation of national legislation in each member state. For the agri-food sector a particular concern is to guarantee the safety and integrity of products. In this respect, the European Commission has developed a stringent policy regarding food safety (sanitary and phytosanitary measures) and consumer information (quality measures). Strict regulation is therefore imposed for all agri-food products commercialised in the SEM, whether of European or third countries. In the case of EU enlargement, accession to the SEM is conditional upon the candidate countries accepting the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eastern EU Enlargements; Gravity equation; Border effect; Tariffs and NTBs; Trade resistance; Agri-food products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9852

Sensitive Agricultural Products in the EU under the Doha Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen.
EU agricultural products are examined by tariff lines at eight digit level to reveal the sensitive agricultural products in the EU after further tariff reductions in the Doha Round. These products are butter, skim milk powder, beef meat, poultry meat, pig meat, white sugar, wheat, barley, and maize. A spreadsheet model is used as an analysis tool to complement the various modelling approaches in identifying the sensitive agricultural products of the EU. The spreadsheet projection model is a simple forecasting model that uses a set of projection values from other models to predict possible outcomes. The sensitivity of EU agricultural products is analysed by using various exchange rates (USD 0.90 to 1.50 per Euro), different tariff reduction formulas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU; Doha Round; Sensitive agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44006

The Gravity Model and the Problem of Zero`s in Agrifood Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haq,   Zahoor Ul; Meilke,   Karl D.; Cranfield,   John A.L.
and this is a problem when estimating log-linear gravity equations. This has caused many researchers to either ignore the zero trade flows or to replace the zero with a small positive number. Both of these actions bias the resulting parameter estimates of the gravity equation. In this study we correct for this misspecification by using the Heckman selection model to estimate bilateral trade flows for 46 agrifood products, for the period 1990 to 2000, for 52 countries. In our sample, selection bias rarely affects the signs of variables but often has a substantial effect on the magnitude, statistical significance and economic interpretation of the marginal effects. Hence, treating zero trade flows properly is important from both a statistical and an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Selection bias; Agrifood Trade; Heckman Selection Model; Marginal effects; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116851

The Anatomy of the EU-US WTO Banana Trade Dispute
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Read,   Robert.
This paper provides an overview of the banana dispute between the EU and the United States at the WTO which was finally resolved in July 2001. The paper outlines the origins of the dispute in the EU’s legal obligations to its preferred suppliers, primarily former colonies, and the subsequent evolution of the EU banana trade regime. The Single European Act and subsequent complaints to the GATT and the WTO have necessitated successive reforms of the EU banana regime, culminating in a landmark WTO Panel decision in 1997. These successive regimes are summarised, along with the GATT and WTO complaints and the WTO Panel findings. The resolution of the trade policy issues concerning bananas opens the way for the serious competition issues to be more readily...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Banana trade; Banana dispute; EU trade dispute; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23877

Explaining Ghana's Recent Good Cocoa Karma: Smuggling Incentive Argument
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armah,   Stephen E.
The paper contends that the current boom in cocoa exports from Ghana is primarily in response to reversal in price incentives to smuggle Ghana cocoa to La Cote d’Ivoire and not due to productivity gains in the Ghana cocoa supply chain. Using recent data; ADF, Perron and KPSS tests of stationarity; Engle and Granger and Johansen co-integration tests; Granger causality tests; single and vector error correction models; as well as partial adjustment models, we estimate the Ghana cocoa supply response to determine the most pertinent factors that explain the cocoa boom. Different from previous research, the VECM and ECM models are modified to be more reflective of current conditions in the Ghana cocoa sector by including prices of relevant substitutes in cocoa...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6359

Competitive Analysis and Market Power of China’s Soybean Import Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Marchant,   Mary A.; Reed,   Michael R.; Xu,   Shuang.
This research conducts a competitive structure analysis of the Chinese soybean import market which leads to the hypothesis that China’s soybean importers may have stronger market power in China’s soybean import market. Then, this research develops and simultaneously estimates a two-country partial equilibrium trade model to test U.S.-China market power of soybean trade. The empirical result supports our hypothesis that Chinese soybean importers have stronger market power relative to U.S. soybean exporters. This Chinese market power can be countered by U.S. and South American companies through developing new and expanding existing markets for soybeans throughout the world and investing in Chinese soybean storage and crushing capacity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chinese soybean import market; Competitive structure analysis; Market power; Two-country partial equilibrium trade model; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53744

Export Performance in Papua New Guinea, 1960 to 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Blowes,   Anita.
Stochastic dominance analysis was used to assess export performance in Papua New Guinea from 1960 to 1999. A country with abundant natural resources, Papua New Guinea was able to experience significant growth in total export values throughout the final four decades of the 20th century, with each succeeding decade stochastically dominating the previous one. The expansion of mineral and energy exports from the early 1970s was the major source of this growth.  The powerful influence of an expanding minerals and energy sector must nevertheless be of concern in that this sector and other non-agricultural resource sectors comprise mainly extractive or quasi-extractive industries given the production practices that currently exist. Little progress has been made...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export performance; Papua New Guinea; Stochastic dominance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12927

IMPROVING THE U.S. POSITION IN WORLD SOYBEAN MEAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Hyesun S.; Hurburgh,   Charles R.
In order to improve the value of U.S. soybean meal in trade markets, problems with quality must be corrected. This can only be achieved by creating appropriate incentives for producers, improving the accuracy of meal protein and amino acid testing, and gaining acceptance for composition tests as pricing criteria. A study of various data sources and physical soybean meal samples found that U.S. soybean meal was more consistent and of higher feeding value than was soybean meal from several other exporting countries. Common near-infrared analyzers can provide useful measures of composition for pricing. Amino acid levels as a quality measure can be tracked from the whole soybean into soy meal. Continuing integrated analysis could produce a dramatic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18695

On the EU–U.S. Biodiesel ‘Splash &amp; Dash' Controversy: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Drabik,   Dusan; Just,   David R.
Replaced with revised version of paper on 10/26/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Splash &amp; dash; Biodiesel; Blender’s tax credit; Tax exemption; Trade; European Union; Unites States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q27; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61425

A NOTE ON BIAS IN THE ESTIMATED EFFECTS OF BEEF IMPORTS ON U.S. MEAT PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   Timothy J.
The impact of beef imports on United States meat prices is a highly emotional and controversial issue. Congressmen representing urban districts, and to a lesser extent the Administration, look towards beef imports as a way of containing rapid increases in meat prices. Congressmen and Senators from beef-producing States regard beef imports as a direct attack on the U.S. beef-producing industry.  These differing views are being reconciled through Congress considering amendments to the Meat Import Law (Public Law 88-482). The impacts and the amendments are of vital interest to Australia because about 25 per cent of Australia's beef production is sold on the lucrative U.S. market.  In this note it is argued that, in general, the reported impacts on U.S. meat...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23065

TRQ-complications: Who gets the benefits when the EU liberalises Mercosur's access to the beef markets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junker,   Franziska; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Revised version of paper added to AgEcon Search 03/02/2010
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49298

Do Macroeconomic Variables Affect the Agricultural Trade Sector? An Elasticities Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pick,   Daniel H.; McCalla,   Alex F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51226

Import Demand Estimation and the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asche,   Frank; Guttormsen,   Atle G.; Kristofersson,   Dadi; Roheim,   Cathy A.
A frequently encountered problem in import demand estimation is how to account for competition between imports and domestic production. Traditionally, use of the Armington model has been a way to handle this problem. This is a disaggregate model which distinguishes commodities by country of origin with import demand determined in a separable two-step procedure. The model appears frequently in analysis of international agricultural markets. However, the Armington model relies on a set of weak separability assumptions, which several authors have shown to be highly questionable. In this paper, a new aggregation theorem, the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem (GCCT), is applied to test whether imports can be treated as a separate group. An advantage with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Armington; Separability; GCCT; Demand system; Sword fish; International Relations/Trade; F18; Q11; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19432

Do fluctuations in wine stocks affect wine prices?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bukenya,   James O.; Labys,   Walter C.
Globalization and the expansion of world wine trade have caused a wine boom that together with agricultural subsidies have made fluctuations in wine inventories a more critical issue. In the case of domestic and international wine markets, little is known about intertemporal inventory adjustments and how they relate to prices. We investigate possible dynamic relations between these variables in a time series context, so as to better understand how wine producers and traders can face growing price and financial volatility. Countries for whom meaningful data series could be constructed include: Argentina, Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United States. The study begins by examining the empirical evidence on inventories in these markets and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37317

A pilot project for indigenous forest reversion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funk,   Jason; Kerr,   Suzi; Hendy,   Joanna.
This paper describes preliminary work on establishing a pilot project for carbon sequestration. The project is intended to simulate the structure of the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative, a program that may extend to the national level under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. In the process of establishing the project, we will identify opportunities and barriers for landowners to engage in the management system of “carbon farming”. We will also use the results of the process to inform policymakers of potential improvements to the Permanent Forest Sinks Initiative and to demonstrate to landowners the benefits of this management system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98493

Integration of the Central and East European Countries Into the European Union: Implications for the CEECs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francois,   Joseph F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50838

THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: THE CASE OF WHEAT, CORN, AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haniotis,   Tassos; Baffes,   John; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
The demand for and supply of U.S. wheat, corn, and soybean exports is specified in a dynamic framework.  Obtained results indicate differences in the export behavior of each product.  U.S. corn exports are elastic, while U.S. soybean exports exhibit an inelastic response.  For wheat, the derived elasticity of export demand had a positive sign.  Hypothesis testing validated the dynamic structure of the estimated models in all markets.  Stability properties were confirmed in export markets of corn and soybeans, but results were inconclusive for the wheat market.  Adjustment coefficients indicate that exports and export prices do no adjust immediately to their equilibrium levels.  Multiplier impacts indicate a stable path of convergence for all markets, with...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29256

The J-Curve Phenomenon: Myth or Reality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Mulik,   Kranti; Koo,   Won W.
This study examines the J-curve phenomenon for the U.S. agricultural trade and compares the effect on agricultural trade relative to the U.S. non-agricultural trade. For this purpose, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is adopted to estimate bilateral trade data between the U.S. and her three major trading partners ¦¡ Japan, Canada and Mexico. We find little evidence of the J-curve for the U.S. agricultural trade with Japan, Canada and Mexico. For the non-agricultural trade, on the other hand, the behavior of the U.S. trade with industrialized economies such as Japan and Canada follows the J-curve, but not with developing economies such as Mexico.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21382

World Trade Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease in Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Premakumar,   V.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18313

Agricultural Tariff Rate Quotas: Impacts on Market Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xianghong; Carter,   Colin A.
We study the impacts of the implementation of agricultural tariff rate quotas on market access. A doble-censored Tobit model is specified to examine factors that affect the performance of tariff rate quotas. The results show that both in-quota tariff rates and administrative methods restrict market access and lower quota fill rate. The effect of over-quota tariff, however, is insignificant during the study period.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19413

Export Competition Disciplines in the Doha Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
The Doha Round Ministerial Decision called for "Reduction of, with a view to phasing out, all forms of export subsidies." The Export Competition Pillar of the agricultural negotiations includes direct export subsidies, export credits, state trading enterprises and food aid. The July framework gives further instruction that disciplines should ensure the parallel elimination of all export subsides with equivalent effect by a credible end date.  The July Framework states that all direct export subsidies will be eliminated, so that the task remaining is to decide on the time frame and other details of the transition period. The elimination of export subsidies would be a significant achievement. While greater gains are expected to accrue from reform of domestic...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14573

Transition and foreign trade: the case of the Ukrainian agri-food sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levkovych,   Inna; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the progress of the transformation process and to analyse which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration into world markets. In this study we concentrate on the Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector and compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index, characterising the marginal intra-industry trade) trade for the period 1996-2005. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Intra-industry trade; Marginal intra-industry trade; Ukraine; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7781

AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AND TRADE RELATIONS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergschmidt,   Angela; Hartmann,   Monika.
The economic changes during transition involved a shift away from the planned foreign trade organization within the council for mutual economic assistance. Following a phase of farreaching trade policy liberalization, the agricultural sector in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) has in the last years again been increasingly regulated. At the same time as the CEECs are striving for accession to the European Union, regional free trade agreements (FTA) and membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have gained importance. The analysis shows that an effective reduction of agricultural protectionism as a result of WTO obligations can only be expected from a small number of CEECs. The effects induced through changes in international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14896

L'ECONOMIE POLITIQUE ET LES NEGOCIATIONS D'URUGUAY VUES DE GENEVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Stanton,   Gretchen Heimpel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13519

Impact of Depreciating Exchange Rate on U.S. Produce Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acharya,   Ram N.; Patterson,   Paul M.
This study examines the impact of depreciating exchange rate on U.S. fresh produce trade. The short run analysis does not support J-curve hypothesis but the overall results are consistent with the modified version of the hypothesis that devaluation would initially deteriorate the trade balance but improve it in the long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19492

Protecting ‘Single-Origin Coffee’ within the Global Coffee Market: The Role of Geographical Indications and Trademarks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schussler,   Lennart.
Over the past decade, coffee producers have been struggling with the world market’s low and unstable coffee prices. Some coffee producing countries try to overcome this crisis by moving from pure commodity exports to higher-price exports of niche market quality products, like “single-origin coffee”, protected by intellectual property tools. Such protection can take the form of trademarks or geographical indications. At present within the single-origin coffee sector, a trend to use the latter form can be observed. For example, “Café de Colombia” was registered as a Protected Geographical Indication under Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006. Another recent example is the Ethiopian Fine Coffee Trademarking and Licensing Initiative. In order to protect its...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Columbia; Ethiopia; Geographical indications; Single-origin coffee; Trademarks; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48799

Goodbye to projects? The institutional impact of sustainable livelihoods approaches on development interventions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franks,   Tom; Toner,   Anna; Goldman,   Ian; Howlett,   David; Kamuzora,   Faustin; Muhumuza,   Fred; Tamasane,   Tsiliso.
The research goodbye to projects grew out of the increasing interest in sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLA) and growing disillusion with projects as mechanisms for addressing the development needs of the poor. Its aim was to investigate the implication of the adoption of SLA on the management of development interventions and in particular of the future of development projects. The underlying research questions were: a) How are elements of the sustainable livelihoods principles being applied in practice b) What are the problems and challenges for managing livelihoods-oriented development interventions? c) What is the future for development projects, given the increase in direct budget and sectoral assistance?
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Projects; Economic development; EPRC; Muhumuza; Sustainable development; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93852

A KÁVÉ HAZAI ÉS VILÁGPIACA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Letenyei,   Krisztina.
A kávé kereskedelme a nemzetközi tőzsdéken folyik. Amikor a kínálat meg-haladja a keresletet, túlkínálat van. Ekkor alacsony a kávé ára, a túltermelési válság jelei mutatkoznak: elégetik a kávét. A kistermelők a tönk szélére kerül-nek. Ebben az időszakban a termelők kiirtják, illetve elhanyagolják a kávécser-jéket. A kávéexportáló országok csökkentik a termelést, az exportot is visszafog-ják, a raktárkészlet növekszik. Az elmaradt invesztíció és a rossz időjárási kö-rülmények hatására a kínálat csökken, majd a kereslet meghaladja a kínálatot, ami még ellensúlyozható a raktárkészletek piacra dobásával. Mivel a kávécser-jék csak öt év után fordulnak termőre, a kereslet tartósan meghaladja a kínála-tot. Ekkor a kávéárak a magasba szöknek. Ebben az időszakban...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kávé; Kereslet; Kínálat; Hazai és világpiac - coffee; Demand; Supply; Domestic and world market; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54335

Is It Time to Re-think the WTO? A Return to the Basics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The GATT was an organization that was seldom at the centre of political controversy, nor was it the object of virulent protest. The WTO, which succeeded it, however, has not enjoyed the GATT's anonymity. The controversies surrounding the WTO detract from its effectiveness and debase its credibility. In large measure, the contentious issues that the WTO has been attempting to deal with since its inception do not have at their heart trade in goods and services. The framers of the WTO took bold steps to create a new institution during the Uruguay Round--much of which has turned out to be a significant improvement on the GATT. This does not mean, however, that everything that was put in place has proved to be an improvement, or even workable. It may be time to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Civil society; Trade sanctions; TRIPS; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23842

INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY ISSUES FOR CONSUMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Dennis R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17670

United States chicken and grain exports to Mexico: competing for the same market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duch-Carvallo,   Teresa; Malaga,   Jaime E.
The impacts of maintaining increasing rates of Mexican chicken meat imports from the United States on United States grain sorghum price and Mexican GS imports from the United States were modeled using a non-spatial, partial equilibrium, econometric, and simulation international trade model. Twenty five equations were simultaneously estimated and validated as a system using three stages least squares. A 9-year baseline was estimated under existing projections and the impacts of the increasing rates of Mexican chicken meat imports from the United States were simulated and compared with the baseline.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply; Demand; NAFTA; International trade; Grain sorghum; Chicken meat exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98828

Trade Liberalisation, Efficiency and South Africa's Sugar Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott; Punt,   Cecilia; Leaver,   Rosemary.
This paper reports the results of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis of the South African sugar industry. The study was inspired by analyses of the EU South Africa Free Trade Agreement that indicated the importance of sugar exports to the welfare gains from agricultural trade liberalisation and by the increasing pressure upon OECD countries to reform their sugar (trade) policies. In addition to the effects of trade liberalisation this study also considers the implications of increases in the efficiency with which sugarcane is converted to raw sugar, which is an important determinant of the competitiveness of sugar production and exports. The results indicate that there would be substantial welfare gains across all household groups and that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15634

THE IMPACT OF TECHNICAL BARRIERS ON US-EU AGRO-FOOD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nardella,   Michele; Boccaletti,   Stefano.
Controversial aspects exist in the current debate on the application of Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) on agro-food trade. This study intends to offer an evaluation of the trade impact of both non-technical and technical NTMs on the US-EU bilateral trade, the two major players in WTO negotiations. The results show two main structural differences between the EU and US borders: technical NTMs are preferred in the US, while in the EU the opposite is true; agro-food imports in the US face a number of NTMs more than double that of the EU.  Gravity model estimates confirm the negative impact of NTMs on trade. However, safety technical requirements seem to have a positive effect on trade, probably as a consequence of lower transaction, monitoring and enforcing costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22012

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Friend or Foe? The Kyoto Protocol and the NZ Greenhouse Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barber,   Andrew; Parminter,   Irene.
The greenhouse sector has reinvented itself as a technologically advanced and relatively environmentally friendly industry over the past 15 years. However it remains a high energy user. Two recent surveys have highlighted the potential impact on greenhouse grower costs of the proposed emissions charge on fossil fuels. Growers may be unable to pass on the extra costs due to competition on domestic and export markets from non-Kyoto countries. It is likely that the emissions charge would accelerate the rationalisation of the industry that has already been occurring, and in addition may lead to more profound changes such as the relocation overseas of larger growers. This paper draws out the likely implications of the proposed charge for the greenhouse sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97780

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE THIRD WORLD MARKET FOR U.S. FARM EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17843

Modelling the Fiscal Effects of Aid: An Impulse Response Approach for Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrissey,   Oliver; Osei,   Robert; Lloyd,   Tim A.
An important feature of aid to developing countries is that it is given to the government. As a result aid has the potential to affect budgetary behaviour. Although the (albeit limited) aid-growth literature has addressed the effect of aid on policy, it has tended to neglect the effect of aid on the fiscal behaviour of governments. While fiscal response models have been developed to examine the effects of aid on fiscal aggregates - taxation, expenditure and borrowing - the underlying theory is ad hoc and empirical methods used are subject to severe limitations. This paper applies techniques developed in the "macroeconometrics" literature to estimate the dynamic structural relationship between aid and fiscal aggregates. Using vector autoregressive methods,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aid; Fiscal Response; Ghana; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F35; O23; O11; O55.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26226

Foreign-Owned Firms in the German Labour Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungnickel,   Rolf; Keller,   Dietmar.
Compared to other Western European countries, Germany was less successful in attracting FDI in the 1990s. The falling behind in inward-FDI should be no problem if foreign-owned firms (FoFs) were only substitutes for indigenous firms. However, to the extent they differ significantly in terms of performance and structure, FoFs could be an interesting target group of economic policy. We empirically test three hypotheses: FoFs enjoy a productivity advantage over purely nationally operating firms but not - or less so - over multinationals headquartered in Germany (H1). The demand for qualified labour is higher in FoFs compared to German firms (H2). FoFs show a more flexible conduct on the labour market than German-owned firms; they are less integrated in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Multinational firms; Labour force and employment; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F230; J210.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26149

INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT MOTIVATIONS OF U.S. WINERIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pompelli,   Greg; Pick,   Daniel H.
This study used personal and telephone interviews of wine industry executives and observers to examine the foreign direct investment motivations of U.S. wineries.  Underlying most winery motivations was the recognition that U.S. wineries sense increasing pressure to offer a competitive range of wines that meet the price/quality needs of consumers and retailers in important markets and market segments.  Wineries' marketing plans are often constrained by their ability to obtain adequate grape and juice supplies that meet important price and quality criteria, especially when domestic grape production drops.  The importance of product portfolios and the industry's resource dependence have placed tremendous pressures on U.S. wineries to coordinate winegrape and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34347

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE IN PROCESSED FOODS: PATTERNS AND CURIOSITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Pick,   Daniel H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51211

A Determination of the Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Regional Trade Agreements in the Western Hemisphere
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilbun,   Brian M.; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Dufour,   Elizabeth Anne.
With the recent proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) the tendency world-wide has been seemingly toward trade liberalization.  This thesis is primarily concerned with the impacts RTAs have had in the Western Hemisphere regarding agricultural trade flows.  Utilizing the framework of the Gravity Model, agricultural trade flows for 24 Western Hemisphere Nations were examined. In the course of the study it was expected that if RTAs were to have an effect it would be a positive Trade Creation Effect and a negative Trade Diversion Effect with positive effects for GDP of importer/exporter and population size of importer/exporter and a negative effect for that of distance.  Of the five agreements examined (NAFTA, AC, MERCO, LAIA, and CACM), NAFTA and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21138

GALE-SHAPLEY MATCHING IN AN EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORK GAME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
For a postscript copy of this paper, click &lt;a href="/Data/isu/er43.ps"&gt; here. &lt;/A&gt;  This study investigates the performance of Gale-Shapley matching in an evolutionary market context.  Computational experimental findings are reported for an evolutionary match-and-play trade network game in which resource-constrained traders repeatedly choose and refuse trade partners in accordance with Gale-Shapley matching, participate in risky trades modelled as two-person prisoner's dilemma games, and evolve their trade behavior over time.  Particular attention is focused on correlations between ex ante market structure and the formation of trade networks, and between trade network formation and the types of trade behavior and social welfare outcomes that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary game; Gale-Shapley matching; Iterated prisoners' dilemma; Trade networks; Endogenous interactions; Agent-based computational economics; International Relations/Trade; C7; C8; C9; D8; D4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18200

TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: AN ECONOMIC LITERATURE SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This document attempts to organize and summarize the major developments of the trade and environment literature observed during the last ten years. Both the major theoretical and empirical contributions are presented and discussed. This includes an overview of the different methods economists have used to describe the environmental externalities, and decompose their welfare effects in open economies. Additionally, guided by the literature we review the policy implications in the presence of two distortions: price (tariff) and environmental, when policymakers are benevolent or are more lenient for certain political groups. Finally, a brief review to the critique of traditional economic research is presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28598

TARIFF RATE QUOTAS: DOES ADMINISTRATION MATTER?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monnich,   Christina.
At the Uruguay Round, tariff rate quotas (TRQs) were in-tended to serve two purposes: first, to prevent that tariffication would lead - at least on the short term - to a deterioration of market access and second, to create new, minimum market access. The since then observed fill rates do not match with these intentions, being often rather low. A wide-held suspicion explains this with tariff quota administration imposing an extra barrier to trade. It is the aim of this paper to test whether different administrative methods do indeed contribute to explain variation in fill rates and if so, how. A censored regression model for panel data was developed and applied to the EU's TRQs for the years 1995-2000. The data supported the presumption that ad-ministration...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26465

RESPONDING TO FOREIGN MARKET OPPORTUNITIES: A SURVEY OF U.S. DAIRY MANUFACTURERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gobbee,   Jose E.; Hagen,   James M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27407

Der Markt für Zucker
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sommer,   Ulrich.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98694

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND ASEAN-5 IN THE AGRO-FOOD SECTOR: PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Yang,   Tuan-Chen Ou; Huang,   Deng-Shing.
This paper attempts to identify the patterns and determinants of the levels of IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 during the past three decades.  Our empirical results confirm the belief that IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 in the agro-food sector has been growing over time.  Although industry-specific factors like market size and product differentiation have desirable impacts on IIT, taste overlaps do not.  No deterministic conclusion can be drawn from the effect of trade liberalization as implied by removing trade barriers when shaping the future development of IIT.  However, the indirect effect arising from income and consumer preferences' convergence may be the main determinant in promoting intra-industry agro-food trade among the Asian countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20601

AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND WORLD TRADE LIBERALIZATION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO AND FTAA, MAY 29-30, 2003 (CONFERENCE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
Executive summary for May 29-30, 2003, conference organized by the Center for Agricultural Policy and Trade Studies (NDSU) and Farm Foundation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23070

A Descriptive Analysis of Several Caribbean Countries That Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15699

ISO 9000 Standards: Implicit Barrier or Trade Facilitation Strategy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Grant,   Jason H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49525

The role of EBA in the political economy of CAP reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthews,   Alan; Gallezot,   Jacques.
This paper explores whether the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) scheme, under which exports from 50 least developed countries (LDCs) are admitted duty-free to the EU market, influenced the trajectory or pace of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform. It finds no evidence that it played a role except in the case of two products, sugar and rice. The overall volume of exports, or potential exports, from LDCs in CAP products is just too small to create market management difficulties outside of these two products. It could play an indirect role in reform in the future in the context of the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries under the Cotonou Agreement. ACP countries could use EBA as a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18864

Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security: A Must For Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dittoh,   Saa; Abizari,   Abdul-Razak; Akuriba,   Margaret A.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) underscore an overriding importance of human development for sustained economic, social, political and other development, and nutrition is the beginning of human development. Nutrition has, however, not been viewed as a development imperative in many African countries. Agricultural and health policies, projects and programmes and the conduct of agricultural and health research in most African countries do not consider nutrition to any significant degree.  The paper argues that food production, poverty, malnutrition and health are very intricately linked and the result of that linkage is probably the most important determinant of development and, thus, the realization of the MDGs in Africa.  It also argues that it is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52217

DESVALORIZAÇÕES CAMBIAIS E CAPTAÇÃO DE DIVISAS: O CASO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA EM GRÃO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cassuce,   Francisco Carlos da Cunha; Santos,   Maurinho Luiz dos.
This paper, supported on the theory of the Boarding of the Elasticities, had as objective to show the influence of the exchange rate depreciation in the value of the Brazilian exportations. For this purpose, Structural Vector Autoregressive Models (SVAR Models) where used to calculate the offer of foreign currency elasticities, determining if depreciations in the currency would increase or reduce the exported value of soybean. The results showed that cambial depreciations really raise the value of the Brazilian exportations. The impulse response functions show that the exportation price is the variable that exerted greater influence in the exported value, indicating, perhaps, that politics that degenerate the Brazilian soybean exportations can contribute...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Soy bean; Exported Value; SVAR.; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43926

THE IMPACT OF REFORMING WHEAT IMPORTING STATE-TRADING ENTERPRISES ON THE QUALITY OF WHEAT IMPORTED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Nathalie.
Recent surveys of wheat importers indicate that countries that import wheat via a state-trading enterprise (STE) are less sensitive to quality issues in import decision-making than countries that import wheat through private traders. This study examines conceptually and empirically the impact of the deregulation of wheat imports on the quality and source of wheat imports.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14512

Coming to Grips with Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.; Boehlje,   Michael; Doering,   Otto C., III.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93767

OUTLOOK OF THE WORLD RICE INDUSTRY UNDER ALTERNATIVE TRADE LIBERALIZATION POLICIES IN JAPAN AND KOREA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the world rice industry for the 1998-2010 period by using the World Rice Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, the weather, and technological change. This report evaluates three scenarios: the base scenario, the partial trade liberalization scenario in Japan and South Korea, and the full trade liberalization scenario. The partial trade liberalization scenario includes a partial liberalization of rice imports in Japan and South Korea from the year completing the minimum market access commitments under the UR agreement to 2010. The full trade liberalization scenario includes a full liberalization of rice imports in Japan and South Korea from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Japonica Rice; Indica Rice; Trade Liberalization; Production; Consumption; Imports; Exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23402

MACHTVERTEILUNG IM MINISTERRAT NACH DEM VERTRAG VON NIZZA UND DEN KONVENTSVORSCHLAGEN IN EINER ERWEITERTEN EUROPAISCHEN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borkowski,   Agnieszka.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14887

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries.   RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas  en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva  a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

The Philippine Bakery Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Mollie; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Bakery; Philippines; Bakery Ingredients; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; D4; F1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52381

A COMPUTATIONAL LABORATORY FOR EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh; Stewart,   Deron; McFadzean,   David.
This study presents, motivates, and illustrates the use of a computational laboratory for the investigation of evolutionary trade network formation among strategically interacting buyers, sellers, and dealers.  The computational laboratory, referred to as the Trade Network Game Laboratory (TNG Lab), is targetted for the Microsoft Windows desktop.  The TNG Lab is both modular and extensible and has a clear, easily operated graphical use interface.  It permits visualization of the formation and evolution of trade networks by means of real-time animations.  Data tables and charts reporting descriptive performance statistics are also provided in real time.  The capabilities of the TNG Lab are demonstrated by means of labor market experiments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computational laboratory; Buyer-seller trade networks; Evolutionary game; Network animation; Agent-based computational economics; C++ class framework; Labor market experiments; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18199

EC AGRICULTURE AND GATT NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vonthron,   Jacques.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17661

Evaluation of the Substitutability between U.S. and Canadian Softwood Lumber
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roman,   Angel Aguiar; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Shook,   Steve.
Softwood lumber trade between the United States and Canada has worldwide attention due to its economic importance and for lengthy dispute.  Most studies have focused on welfare effects of the dispute, while few studies have evaluated the question of likeness of product.  This study evaluates the substitutability between U.S. and Canadian softwood lumber including other countries'’ softwood lumber.  Price elasticities are derived from the linear approximation of the Almost Ideal Demand System.  The results show that softwood lumber imports to the U.S. from various countries are indeed substitutes for U.S. softwood lumber.  The Morishima elasticities of substitution indicate that other countries have a higher degree of substitutability than Canadian softwood...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21114

Is There Supply Distortion In The Green Box? An Acreage Response Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshi,   Samira; Kerr,   William A.
The shift of the farm subsidies toward programs classified as being decoupled income supports in the WTO’s URAA raises the question of their true impact on production and trade.  In this study, we measured the acreage effects of the Canadian whole farm programs under uncertainty. Based on the theoretical discussions regarding the role of the insurance effect in acreage decisions, we extend the theoretical restrictions examined by Chavas and Holt (1990)which enables us to include this effect in our model specification. Hence, we modified the expected utility maximization framework (under the hypothesis that farmers are risk averse) developed by Chavas and Holt (1990) and derived three distinct effects: market effects, the wealth effect, and the insurance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Decoupled; Green box; Area; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51093

FOOD SAFETY SHOCKS AND THEIR EFFECT ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS: A CASE STUDY FROM THE GUATEMALAN RASPBERRY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Estrada-Valle,   Juan M.
This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding food safety shocks and their effect on international competitiveness.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16624

Die WTO auf dem Weg nach Katar: Anstehende Probleme - neue Herausforderungen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Senti,   Richard.
In wenigen Monaten wird in Katar die Ministerkonferenz der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) über die Abhaltung einer neuen Handelsrunde entscheiden. Auf Grund der gegenwärtigen Vorarbeiten werden zwei Themenkreise auf der Traktandenliste der Verhandlungen erwartet: erstens die weitere Umsetzung der in der Uruguay-Runde beschlossenen Liberalisierungsmassnahmen in den Bereichen Agrar-, Textil- und Dienstleistungshandel, und zweitens die Behandlung der Fragen über die künftige Zusammenarbeit mit den Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGOs), die Aufnahme der Volksrepublik China in die WTO und die allenfalls stärkere Ausrichtung der Welthandelsordnung auf den Umweltschutz, das Arbeitsrecht und die Sozialpolitik. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier hat zum Ziel, die...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; Commercial Policy; Trade Negotiations; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26315

A ROTTERDAM APPLICATION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FRESH APPLES: A DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seale,   James L., Jr.; Sparks,   Amy L.; Buxton,   Boyd M.
A Rotterdam import allocation model is used to fit import data for fresh apples in four importing markets important to U.S. apple exporters. Nested tests rejected homotheticity but could not reject homogeneity, symmetry, or separability among import suppliers. A Monte Carlo test rejected first-order autocorrelation in each market. Expenditure and price elasticities are calculated and reported.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30726

UM COMPARATIVO DE PRODUTIVIDADE ENTRE RAÇAS DE GADO DE CORTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arieira,   Jailson De Oliveira; Dias-Arieira,   Claudia Regina; Fusco,   Jose Paulo Alves; Gimenes,   Regio Marcio Toesca; Steca,   Jose Marcelo.
O Brasil se destaca no mercado mundial de carne bovina como um dos maiores produtores e exportadores. Nos últimos anos, a utilização de inovações tecnológicas e um intenso investimento na melhoria genética do rebanho, das condições de sanidade animal e de manejo levaram o país a atingir importantes marcas de produtividade no setor. Embora problemas recentes enfrentados pelos produtores criem apreensão, a pecuária de corte como um todo não tem o que temer, pois o país está hoje num patamar tecnológico que lhe permite uma certa tranqüilidade. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho investigou e comparou o rendimento produtivo de quatro raças de corte, na região noroeste do Paraná, identificando, na fase de terminação as principais vantagens e desvantagens de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produção; Pecuária de corte; Produtividade; Production; Cattle of cut; Productivity; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102900

Trade Barriers in a Global Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raihan,   Selim.
This article develops an index of trade barrier for 119 countries by using the tariff and the import data from TRAINS database of UNCTAD at 6-digit level of HS classifications. Bivariate as well as multivariate econometric models have been estimated to explain cross-country variations in the constructed trade barrier indices. The results show that cross-country variations in trade barrier indices are much influenced by variations in per capita income, population and literacy rate. This article considers Bangladesh as an example and finds that at disaggregated levels of commodity classification, there are significant differences among trade barrier indices across commodities and cross-country rankings of trade barrier indices are not necessarily consistent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30618

Die Neue Handelstheorie: Stiefkind der Agrarökonomie? - Einige Anwendungen für den Zuckermarkt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97981

The Trade Effects of MERCOSUR and The Andean Community on U.S. Cotton Exports to CBI countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Shaik,   Saleem; Batson,   Seon.
The United States engagement in nonreciprocal preferential trade arrangements has been proliferating with several developing countries throughout the past couple of decades. One of the oldest and more successful of these arrangements has been the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI).The CBI is a general term used to refer to the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 (CBERA), the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Expansion Act of 1990 (CBERA Expansion Act), and the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership of 2000 (CBTPA) (Ozden and Sharma 2006). The central premise behind the plan was that, by encouraging the CBI countries to become more open and liberal, trade would expand – and eventually translate into economic development and growth (Deere, 1990). The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Panel data; Trade diversion; Trade creation; CBI; Cotton imports; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46028

EXPANDING OUTLETS FOR FARM PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FOREIGN FIELD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Karl.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1954
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17408

EFEITOS DE CURTO E LONGO PRAZOS DE CHOQUES NA TAXA DE CÂMBIO REAL SOBRE O SALDO DA BALANÇA COMERCIAL AGROPECUÁRIA BRASILEIRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scalco,   Paulo Roberto; Carvalho,   Henrique Duarte; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os efeitos de longo e curto prazos de choques na taxa de câmbio real sobre o saldo da balança comercial agropecuária brasileira. O procedimento metodológico empregado foi a análise multivariada descrita em Johansen (1988 e 1991) apud Hamilton (1994). Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação de longo prazo entre a depreciação na taxa de câmbio real e o saldo da balança comercial. Verifica-se que, no longo prazo, um aumento de 1,0 % da taxa de câmbio leva a uma expansão de 2,10 % no saldo da balança comercial. Esse resultado está consistente com a condição de Marshall-Lerner que afirma: no longo prazo, o efeito volume deve superar o efeito preço, promovendo, assim, um aumento no saldo da balança comercial. Entretanto,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Condição de Marshall-Lerner; Curva J; Taxa de câmbio; Balança comercial; Setor agropecuário; Marshall-Lerner condition; J-Curve; Exchange rate; Trade balance; Agricultural sector; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109536

Supply Management and Price Ceilings on Production Quota Values: Future or Folly?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cairns,   Alexander P.; Meilke,   Karl D.; Benett,   Nick.
Since the inception of supply management in Canada during the 1970s, milk production quota has been used to regulate output and participation in the dairy industry. In recent years, milk quota values have increased dramatically, almost tripling in value since the mid-1980s. This led to the Dairy Farmers of Ontario intervening on the milk production quota exchange on two occasions: first, in November 2006 with a progressive transfer assessment and then in July 2009, replacing the former policy with a firm price ceiling – fixing the unit price of quota at $25,000. These policies represent a significant redistribution of economic benefits within the Ontario dairy community from milk producers approaching retirement and selling their quota to those remaining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Milk; Quota; Policy; Risk; Supply; Management; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91474

An Evaluation of Canadian and U.S. Policies of Log and Lumber Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen.
The recent lumber trade war between Canada and the United States deals with Canadian stumpage policies, Canada’s log export controls, and U.S. retaliatory duty. This study determines the appropriate level of U.S. countervailing duty (CVD) by employing a vertically interrelated log–lumber model. The theoretical results show that the U.S. CVD can be greater (will be less) than the Canadian subsidy for a vertically related log–lumbermarket (for lumber market only). Empirical results support the theoretical findings in that the U.S. CVD for the log–lumber market (lumber market alone) is 1.55 (0.91) times the Canadian subsidy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Countervailing duty; Dispute; Log; Lumber; Subsidy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45517

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in India: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chand,   Ramesh.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in India. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, maize, rapeseed-mustard and chickpea at the national level and farm level. The analysis included ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Production; Marketing; Trade policies; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32688

The Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas 2011 -2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: ECLAC; FAO; IICA.
Since late 2010 and continuing into 2011, price volatility, in relation to basic agricultural commodities, has occupied center stage on the agendas of decision makers.  An additional concern has been uncertainty about a new global economic crisis in the wake of the macroeconomic difficulties experienced in the economies of several European countries and the United States.  In recent months, this situation has been compounded by the food crisis in the Horn of Africa --a reminder of the extremely vulnerable conditions under which broad segments of the world population continue to live.  This third edition of Outlook for Agriculture and Rural Development in the Americas: a Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean is an informational and analytical tool...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119195

THE IMPLICATIONS OF A NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA FOR AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Bivings,   Leigh; Carter,   Colin A.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Lindsey,   Patricia J.; McCalla,   Alex F.
This is one of two papers commissioned by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium on various aspects related to the agricultural sector of a prospective North American Free Trade Agreement.  The companion paper to this one has been prepared by a working group chaired by Thomas Grennes, North Carolina State University.  To minimize duplication with the Grennes paper, this paper has given greater attention to the general trade policy issues raised by a NAFTA, institutional factors, additional commodity detail in cereals, fruit and vegetables, and the relevance of other regional trade agreements such as the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement.  This work has also benefitted from an earlier report and its annexes, prepared for the Fraser Institute,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14619

Targeted Agricultural Export Subsidies and Social Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.; Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Sharples,   Jerry A.
Most agricultural export subsidies are targeted to specific countries. This paper demonstrates that in a standard general equilibrium model of international trade, a small targeted subsidy increase the welfare of the subsidizing country by exploiting differences in price responsiveness of demand relationships of importers. A single-product spatial equilibrium model then is used to show that targeted export subsidies can be used to increase the subsidizing country's welfare by exploiting transportation cost differences and the elasticity of excess supply of competitors or of markets supplied by competitors through subsidization of shared markets. In addition, an empirical model of the world wheat market is used to illustrate the theoretical conclusions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51235

MEAT TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND SOYBEAN-RAPESEED COMPETITION IN THE JAPANESE MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Persaud,   Suresh Chand; Chern,   Wen S.
This study identifies variables which increase Japan's imports of canola (soybeans) at the expense of soybeans (canola), and quantifies their impacts by estimating an import demand model. A key finding is that lower Japanese meat production tends to increase rapeseed imports while lowering soybean imports. Thus, Canada benefited from U.S. and Australian efforts to open Japan's market for imported beef, since the vast majority of Japan's canola imports are from Canada.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canola; Meat trade liberalization; Rapeseed; Soybeans; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14656

Structural Changes in Agriculture Important to Public Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallberg,   Milton C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59752

Effects of China's Antidumping Tariffs on U.S-China Bilateral Poultry Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaofei; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Epperson,   James E.
In recent years, the United States has taken the lion’s share of the Chinese broiler meat import market, ranging from 53.0% to 84.9%. Under the threat of rising poultry imports from the United States Chinese producers asked for an investigation into chicken prices, accusing American poultry firms of dumping. The investigation led to antidumping duties on U.S. chicken imports as of February 13, 2010, ranging from 43.1% to 105.4%. This study is designed to evaluate U.S.-China poultry bilateral trade relations under the new tariff using an excess-supply-excess-demand model. The structural model is estimated using GMM with HAC (heteroskedasticity-autocorrelation) robust standard errors to obtain structural coefficients. The analysis focuses on chicken wings,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poultry; Excess demand; Excess supply; Antidumping tariff; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98848

Political Tariff Protection in Iran`s agriculture sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feizabadi,   Yaser.
In this paper,firstly, tariff protection trend of Iran`s agriculture sector is analysed by statistical analysis approach during the years 1985-2005. Agriculture's tariff regime is characterized by i) high average tariff ii) extremely dispersion of tariff levels across tariff lines iii) significant amount of tariff escalation and ix) deep gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. consequently, Several analytical propositions are derived that are consistent with the observed patterns of tariff protection in developing countries: i) nominal protection rates escalate with the degree of processing ii) higher average tariff protection in agriculture sector compared to developed countries` agriculture and iii) higher...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7922

Canada - Audiovisual Policies: Impact on Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acheson,   Keith; Maule,   Christopher.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26070

TRANSPARENCY AND BIDDING COMPETITION IN INTERNATIONAL WHEAT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
One of the major trade policy problems identified by U.S. interests, including grower groups, traders, and policymakers, is that of pricing transparency.  This has been a gnawing issue  generally related to the pricing practices of competitor exporting countries with state trading enterprises (STEs).  The transparency problem generally refers to the inability to observe rivals' terms of trade (including price, quality, credit, etc.) and is normally associated with commercial exporters competing against STE rivals.  The perception being the less transparent competitors (STEs) would have a strategic advantage.  A game theory model of bidding competition was developed to simulate the effects of information asymmetry amongst rivals.  A Bayes-Nash equilibrium...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price Transparency; Strategic Bidding; Game Theory; Bayesian-Nash; State Trading Enterprises; Export Enhancement Program; Wheat; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23403

SUMMARY/OVERVIEW: REDUCING TRADE TENSION THROUGH TRANSNATIONAL DIALOGUE AND INTEREST GROUP COORDINATION: INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Harold M., Jr.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16802

THE IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION DEREGULATION ON WHEAT SHIPMENTS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McMullen,   B. Starr; Martin,   Michael V.; Cabeza,   Felix.
A network programming model (NETFLOW) was used to examine the impact of modal transport rate changes resulting from transportation deregulation on modal traffic shares and total wheat transport costs.  The analysis reveals that shifts in wheat traffic to rail and away from truck-barge and truck are related to rail deregulation.  The model also provides evidence that lower rates under transportation deregulation have significantly decreased the total cost of shipping wheat from country origins to export elevators.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32357

A TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN INTERNATIONAL DAIRY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langley,   Suchada V.; Blayney,   Donald P.; Stout,   Jim; Somwaru,   Agapi; Normile,   Mary Anne; Miller,   James J.; Stillman,   Richard.
International dairy industries remain among the most distorted agricultural sectors. Dairy average bound tariffs remain among the highest of all agricultural commodities, and dairy trade is characterized by a large number of megatariffs and tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). The objective of our study is to examine how the international dairy markets might respond to policy changes under various assumptions, using a partial equilibrium, multiple-commodity, multiple-region model of agricultural policy and trade.  Our results indicate that liberalization will reduce supplies, increase dairy trade, and raise world prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy Markets; Trade Liberalization; Model; Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21997

The potential cost of a failed Doha Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Laborde,   David.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47664

The Effect of Climate Change on Transportation Flows and Inland Waterways Due to Climate-Induced Shifts in Crop Production Patterns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Attavanich,   Witsanu; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Fuller,   Stephen W.; Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Ahmedov,   Zafarbek.
This study was funded by the the University Transportation Center for Mobility, Texas Transportation Institute
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Grain Transportation; Climate change and agriculture; Climate change and transportation; Land use change; Supply of grain; Demand for grain; Crop production patterns; Inland waterways; Mississippi River Basin; Climate change adaptation; Welfare distribution; Corn transportation; Soybeans transportation; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; C61; L91; L92; Q15; Q17; Q54; R14; R41; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109241

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor content; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor abundance; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44458

European novel food legislation as a restriction to trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lahteenmaki-Uutela,   Anu.
The European Novel Food Regulation applies to the placing on the EU market of foods and food ingredients which have not been used for human consumption to a significant degree within EU area. A food is novel in EU regardless of its use in third countries. This is a problem mainly to third-country producers of plant-based products. For example Chinese or Andean vegetables or berries not previously used in Europe are novel foods requiring authorization. This is the case even if they have been used by people for millennia and are considered safe. The authorization procedure is costly and time-consuming.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7909

GRADES/CLASSES OF HARD WHEATS EXPORTED FROM NORTH AMERICA: ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Export patterns for U.S. and Canadian hard wheats (HAD, HRS, HRW, CWRS, and CWAD) were examined.  Analysis incorporated grade and non-grade factors from U.S. shipments and grades and classes of Canadian exports. Shift-share analysis was used to examine changes in market shares for classes and grades.  Cluster analysis was used to group importers of U.S. wheat classes based on like grade and non- grade factors of wheat shipments. Canada exports most of its hard wheat as No. 1, while the U.S. exports predominately No. 2 or better.  Classes experiencing increased market shares include HRS, CWRS, and CWAD.  U.S. HRS, HRW, and HAD all showed patterns of increasing market shares for No. 1 over lesser grades from the early 1980s to 1990s.   Importer comparisons...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23379

The Exchange Rate and Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parajuli,   Shanta; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This paper analyzed the exchange rate and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico from the 25 developed countries comprising the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Our empirical result does not support the significant relationship between exchange rate and exchange rate volatility to determine FDI in Mexico. The wages, export, and distance are found to be significant variables to determine FDI in Mexico which is supported by literatures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Foreign direct investment; Mexico; OECD; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56459

PROSPECTS FOR U.S. DAIRY EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
U.S. dairy companies and cooperatives have long been minor players in international dairy markets, exporting the equivalent of only 2% to 4% of domestic milk production. There are good reasons for this behavior. Sales opportunities in the large domestic market and prices offered by the USDA under the dairy price support program typically make export markets unattractive to U.S. dairy firms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12668

The Environment for Agricultural and Agribusiness Investment in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landes,   Maurice R.
Despite strong overall economic growth and strengthening food demand, investment in Indian agriculture and agribusiness has remained sluggish, and growth in farm output has slowed, since the early 1990s. An array of policies and regulations affecting agricultural production, marketing, and food processing—along with weak infrastructure and a lack of market services—have discouraged private investment by farmers and large, vertically integrated agribusinesses. The policy environment has grown more investor friendly since the late 1990s and private investment appears to be responding, but significant barriers remain and the pace of future reforms remains uncertain.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Agribusiness; Investment; Trade policy; Domestic policy; Infrastructure; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58628

Linking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odendo,   Martins; De Groote,   Hugo.
Market liberalization created a situation where there are no guaranteed grain prices, no central information source and the need for marketing information increased. Unfortunately, most farmers have little or no access to marketing information. This study evaluates farmers’ perceptions of importance of marketing information; identifies farmers’ sources of grain marketing information; determine farmers’ confidence in and use of marketing information; and assesses determinants farmers’ willingness (WTP) to pay for marketing information. Data used in this study were generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered a random sample of 120 households in traditionally grain surplus-and deficit zones of Kenya. The data were analyzed by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer; Grains; Logit; Markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52144

Comércio exterior de produtos agrícolas do estado do Paraná de 1989 a 2001: análise de vantagens comparativas e do padrão de comércio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosa,   Tatiana Diair Lourenzi Franco; Alves,   Alexandre Florindo.
This paper discusses the evolution of agricultural products comparative advantages in the state of Paraná foreign trade from 1989-2001, and verifies the predominant type of trade for those products. The methodology is based on calculation of indicators of Revealed Comparative Advantage (Balassa, 1965), Covering Tax and Intraindustry Trade (Grubel &amp; Lloyd, 1975). Results regarding comparative advantages of agricultural products that belong to the Section II of NBM-NCM, showed that the chapters Coffee, tea, mate and spices and Oilseeds and oleaginous fruits, grains etc., are “strong points” of Paraná economy. Although the section Vegetal Products has been characterized by the predominance of intraindustry trade, Grubel and Lloyd indexes showed that, for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Comparative advantages; Intraindustry trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56795

MOVING TOWARD A SINGLE MARKET IS HARD: TRADE TENSIONS IN THE CANADIAN-U.S. CATTLE AND BEEF MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary agreement); Technical barriers; U.S. cattle and beef trade; Canada cattle and beef; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29235

Greek Olive Oil: How Can Its International Market Potential Be Realized?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vlontzos,   George N.; Duquenne,   Marie-Noelle.
Trade issues affecting virgin olive oil originating in Greece are examined. A gravity model is estimated to determine the factors affecting trade in olive oil. The results provided by the gravity model yield information that is central to determining the strengths and weaknesses of the sector, as well as the opportunities and threats that exist. Finally, some proposals and suggestions are developed for increasing the international competitiveness of the Greek olive oil industry and endowing it with essential quality and safety assurances.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Gravity model; Olive oil; Quality; Trade flows; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42310

An Examination of Milk Quota expansion at EU member State Level with specific emphasis on Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Donnellan,   Trevor; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.
The CAP Health Check in 2008 may result in fundamental changes in EU dairy policy. An expansion of the EU dairy quota is being strongly considered as a prelude to the elimination of the quota mechanism by 2014/15. This paper addresses the implications of such a reform for EU and Irish dairy commodity markets. We use a suite of partial equilibrium multi commodity structural models of EU agricultural commodity markets to project the impact of an expansion in the dairy quota on milk and dairy commodity production, dairy commodity prices and milk prices at an EU and Member State level. A number of experiments are conducted involving differing annual rates of expansion of the milk quota using national quota rents from the literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Milk Quota Expansion; Partial Equilibrium; Commodity modelling; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6467

Effects of Food Safety Standards on Seafood Exports to US, EU and Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Anh Van Thi; Wilson,   Norbert L.W.
Estimating the panel gravity model with bilateral pair and country-by-time fixed-effects separately for each seafood product, we found that food safety regulations have differential effects across seafood products. In all three industrialized markets, shrimp is most sensitive, while fish is the least sensitive to changing food safety policies. The enforcement of the US HACCP, the EU Minimum Required Performance Level and the Japanese Food Safety Basic Law caused a loss of 90.45%, 99.47%, and 99.97% to shrimp trade in these markets, and a reduction associated with fish trade was 66.71%, 82.83%, and 89.32%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Seafood; International trade; Gravity model; HACCP; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; C33; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46758

Immigration Wave Effects on Canada's Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Partridge,   Jamie; Furtan,   William Hartley.
This paper utilizes an enhanced gravity model to estimate the effect of lagged immigration waves on Canadian imports and exports, by province. Empirically, this model was tested using Canadian data on import and export flows to the top 40 countries of origin for immigrants to Canada based upon the composition of the most recent wave of immigrants. The results are consistent with previous studies, where immigrants increased both import and export trade flows. By adding the provincial immigrant wave variable, it was also found that immigrants most strongly affect imports after 5-10 years, whereas for exports, the immigrant effect is strongest after 10-15 years.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34171

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Thailand: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Itharattana,   Kajonwan.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Thailand. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, maize, soybean, milk and milk products, at the national level and the farm level. The analysis includes ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; Production; Marketing; Demand; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32686

The Tariff Equivalent and Forgone Trade Effects of Prohibitive Technical Barriers to Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Beghin,   John C.
Replaced by revised version of paper 05/05/08.  (Former title:  How to Estimate a Technical Barrier to Trade When There Is No Trade)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corner solution; Kuhn-Tucker model; New Zealand apples; NTB; TBT; Technical barrier to trade; Nontariff barrier; Prohibitive; Random utility; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10000

An Assessment of Consumer Satisfaction for Food Retail Chains: A Case Study from Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akpinar,   Goksel; Gul,   Mevlut; Gulcan,   Sinem.
Consumer oriented marketing concept appeared to be effective in accordance to the shift from the traditional marketing approach to the modern marketing approach. This process brings about the concept of customer value in retail food sector as it is the case in other sectors. The rise in number and variety of shopping units that operate in the retail market drives firms into value based marketing concept. Due to the positive effect on the relationship between customer value and customer satisfaction, measuring customer satisfaction in order to increase customer value in sector has gained importance. This study is focuses on determination of satisfaction level of customers who make shopping in local and national supermarket chains operating in retail food...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Retailing; Supermarket; Consumer Satisfaction; Turkey; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121995

CAN THE UNITED STATES COMPETE WITH DAIRY EXPORTING NATIONS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Frick,   George E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13847

A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16834

MORE SOCIAL CAPITAL, LESS EROSION: EVIDENCE FROM PERU'S ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
The debate over sustainable intensification has hinged on private incentives to abate land degradation.  Largely missing is the role of social capital in both creating incentives and removing barriers to soil conservation.  Yet soil conservation embodies the externality problem that bedevils so many aspects of natural resource management.  Action by one farmer to reduce water or wind erosion may benefit neighboring fields by slowing the rate of water or wind movement across those lands.  Yet these benefits are not fully captured by the farmer making the conservation investment.  However, when economic agents care for one another, these externalities can be internalized, reducing the individual’'s disincentive to perform a socially level of natural resource...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21853

U.S. Dairy Trade: Situation and Outlook, 2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
In 2007, U.S. diary exports rose 300 per cent from 2006.  This paper discusses the international market factors that led to this large increase and then projects exports for 2008 based on these changing factors.  The paper also discusses trade agreements both in effect and proposed and how these agreements may affect the exportation of dairy products.&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=http://www.babcock.cals.wisc.edu/&gt;The Babcock Institute&lt;/a&gt;
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Diary Trade; U.S. Dairy Exports; U.S. Trade Agreements; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37330

CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAMS AND U.S. MARKET SHARE IN SELECTED WHEAT IMPORT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Export credit guarantee programs are under increasing scrutiny, as policymakers seek assurance that the budgetary costs and risks borne by taxpayers are justified by expanded agricultural exports.  This study provides empirical estimates of the effects of credit guarantees on U.S. wheat exports to major recipient countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Credit Guarantee Programs; Wheat Exports; Armington Demand Models; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23284

Distortions to Global Agricultural Markets: What Next?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
A decline in governmental distortions to agricultural and other trade since the 1980s has contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation globally. But new modeling results suggest that has taken the world only three-fifths of the way towards freeing merchandise trade, and that farm policies are responsible for 70 percent of the global welfare cost of remaining distortions to goods markets as of 2004. Meanwhile, new drivers are affecting the mean and variance of world prices of farm products, including biofuel mandates and subsidies, climate change mitigation policies and adaptation, water institution and policy developments, difficulties in concluding a multilateral Doha Round agricultural agreement at the WTO, and policies relating to transgenic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; Asia-Pacific region; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59849

USDA's World Wheat Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixit,   Praveen M.; Sharples,   Jerry A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50635

The Doha Round: Closing the Perceptions Gap (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8053

DEVELOPMENT OF MARGINAL COST DISTRIBUTIONS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION REGIONS OF THE EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Heckelei,   Thomas.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/13/04.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19943

Prospects for Skills-Based Export Growth in a Labour-Abundant, Resource-Rich Economy: Indonesia in Comparative Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Li,   Muqun.
In an integrated global economy, specialisation in trade is an increasingly prominent strategy. A labour-abundant, resource-rich economy like Indonesia faces stiff competition for labour-intensive manufactures; meanwhile, rapid growth in demand for resources from China and India exposes it to the ‘curse’ of resource wealth. This diminishes prospects for more diversified growth based on renewable resources like human capital. Using an international panel data set we explore the influence of resource wealth, foreign direct investment, and human capital on the share of skill-intensive products in total exports. FDI and human capital increase this share; resource wealth diminishes it. We use the results to compare Indonesia with Thailand and Malaysia....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92201

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF NAFTA ON CANADA/US AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deng,   Hugh; Nzuma,   Jonathan M.
While there seems to be an agreement that Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA)/North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have benefited member countries, some analysts have argued that the agreements had little effect on the bilateral Canada/US agricultural trade as many other factors have contributed to the increased trade flows. Results from this study reveal that the aggregate bilateral agricultural trade flows have generally experienced a steady growth since the implementation of NAFTA with trade flows seemingly favoring Canada more than the US since 1992. At the industry level, the impacts of NAFTA on Canada/US agricultural trade were varied with the sub-sectors analyzed responding differently to the bilateral trade liberalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34159

TRADE, UNCERTAINTY AND NEW FARM PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.
I have contended for some years that the principal economic problem facing commercial agriculture is instability (Tweeten 1989, p.30). Instability potentially threatens not only farmers' financial viability but also consumers' food security, given the desire for stable food consumption in the face of production destabilized by man and nature. Some observers expect instability to be a more pressing food security problem because of global farm policy liberalization (see Johnston and Schertz, p.24; for an alternative view see Collins and Glauber).  Trade policy and farm commodity policy are inextricably linked.  This paper recognizes that both types of policies are causes and cures for economic instability. The paper begins with an examination of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28330

Double Dividend with Trade Distortions: Analytical Results and Evidence from Chile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dessus,   Sebastien.
The double-dividend debate evolves around the possibility (or not) of substituting environmental taxes for more distortionary taxes to reduce both pollution degradation and/or damages (the first dividend) and the excess burden of existing taxes (the second dividend), without eroding tax revenues. This paper contributes to the double dividend debate with a formal analysis and some numerical evidence emphasizing trade and environmental distortions. The substitution of environmental taxes for trade distortions has been neglected in the double-dividend debate, which has centered on labor market distortions. Conditions for the existence of a double dividend are derived for different characterizations of preferences and policy menus. We empirically explore the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Double dividend; Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Chile; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q28; H21.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18569

EXPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. PECANS: IMPACTS OF U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onunkwo,   Izuchukwu M.; Epperson,   James E.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of the major factors affecting the export demand for U.S. pecans in Asia and the E.U. which together import about 27% of U.S. pecan exports.  The primary objective was to estimate the impacts of federal promotion programs on the foreign demand for U.S. pecans.  Based on previous literature, a single- equation framework was specified for estimation of the pecan model.  Based on promotion elasticities, impacts on pecan export revenue from promotion were evaluated.  The returns per dollar of promotion expenditure for pecans were $6.45 for Asia and $6.75 for the E.U.  Further, some spillover benefits for pecan exports were detected from almond export promotion in Asia and walnut export promotion in the E.U....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21686

Single Farm Payment in the European Union and its Implications on New Zealand Dairy and Beef Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kogler,   Klaus; Saunders,   Caroline M.
The 2003 reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) replaced the coupled direct support schemes by a Single Farm Payment (SFP), which will be mainly delivered to farmers irrespective of what they produce (hence 'decoupled' from production). The level of decoupling differs among the Member States. This paper assesses the implementation of the SFP across Member States and how far it has been decoupled. The expected changes in the European Union's and New Zealand's trade in dairy products and beef resulting from the 2003 reform of the CAP are simulated, using a partial equilibrium trade model (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model; LTEM).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Single Farm Payment; European Union; New Zealand; Common Agricultural Policy; Direct payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31953

Estimating the Gains from Less Distorted Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharples,   Jerry A.
A review of recent research suggests that conventional trade models grossly underestimate the country and global gains from trade liberalization. They typically ignore potential sources of gains such as economies of scale; reduced costs of evasion, rent-seeking and lobbying; and X-efficiency associated with competitive trade. Improved estimates of welfare gains should be high on trade economists' research priority list.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51386

Agricultural policy (AP2011) Reform and the WTO: Potential Impacts on Swiss Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferjani,   Ali.
This article analyses the impact of the planned Swiss package of agricultural policy measures AP2011 and the tariff reductions scheduled as part of the WTO Doha Round, with special emphasis on effects in the dairy and meat sector. The simulations are carried out using an extended partial equilibrium model. This article discusses the anticipated impact of changing structural conditions on production, processing, consumption, prices and exports in the milk market. If account is taken of the Bilateral Agreements between Switzerland and the EU providing for liberalisation of the common cheese market, raw milk production increases by 10.5 %, whereas the milk price shows a significant drop to around 60 centimes per kilogram of milk. The abolition of subsidies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium model; Simulation; AP2011; WTO; Dairy industry; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6638

A DIFFERENTIATED GOODS MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF EUROPEAN POLICIES IN INTERNATIONAL POULTRY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Scobie,   Grant M.
The Common Agricultural Policy increases European poultry production costs, prohibits imports, increases domestic prices, and subsidizes exports. This policy has displaced some U.S. exports. However, the net impact in the U.S. has been quite modest, even assuming poultry is homogeneous, independent of source country. Costs to U.S. producers are almost entirely offset by gains to U.S. consumers. Effects in the U.S. are even smaller when imperfect substitutability between poultry from different countries is accounted for. A retaliatory U.S. export subsidy would have more dramatic effects in U.S. markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29306

MIRAGE, Updated Version of the Model for Trade Policy Analysis: Focus on Agriculture and Dynamics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Decreux,   Yvan; Valin,   Hugo.
MIRAGE is a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, devoted to trade policy analysis. It incorporates imperfect competition, horizontal and vertical product differentiation, and foreign direct investment, in a sequential dynamic set-up where installed capital is assumed to be immobile. Adjustment inertia is linked to capital stock reallocation. MIRAGE draws upon a very detailed measure of trade barriers and of their evolution under given hypotheses, thanks to the MAcMap database. The most recent version, presented in this paper, offers improvements in the modelling of agriculture policy and dynamics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable general equilibrium model; Trade policy; Dynamics; Foreign direct investment; Imperfect competition; International Relations/Trade; D58; F12; F13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7284

FOREIGN TRADE ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Learn,   Elmer W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1963
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17028

WESTERN CANADA’S EXPORTS: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING COMPETITIVENESS IN KEY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mirus,   Rolf; Ryan,   Chris.
This report surveys the export performance of Western Canadian goods producers for the period 1995 to 2007. During that period Canada’s GDP growth outpaced export growth, but Western Canada’s exports grew at a faster rate than Canada’s exports overall, resulting in increased weight of Western exports in Canada’s total. As well, Western Canada’s exports have shifted significantly towards the NAFTA markets of US and Mexico. The composition of products exported from the West and the individual provinces is shown in detail. Each province is found to have unique export strengths. During the observation period, B.C.’s exports were the most volatile and Manitoba’s the least, but overall the provincial economies of Alberta and Saskatchewan were the most volatile....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Western Canada; International trade; Trade; Competitiveness; Key markets; NAFTA; FTA; Free trade agreements; Imports; Exports; United States; Alberta; Western provinces; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60430

MEASURING COMPETITION FOR TEXTILES: DOES THE U.S. MAKE THE GRADE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lyford,   Conrad P.; Welch,   J. Mark.
U.S. textile manufacturing is coming under increasing pressure from foreign competition.  This paper evaluates the U.S. competitive position in the yarn segment using established quantifiable measures and provides an overall competitive assessment.  The study found the industry in a relatively weak competitive position but that U.S. competitive position is improving.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Cotton yarn; Revealed comparative advantage; Tariff equivalent; International Relations/Trade; F29; L67; O57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34616

Trade Effects of the Central American Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Shaik,   Saleem; Allen,   Albert J.; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor.
Proponents of DR-CAFTA argue the RTA will free the U.S. agricultural sector of these disadvantages by leveling the field through the removal of these tariffs and in many cases, create preferences for U.S. exporters over third country suppliers, including those in Canada, Europe, and South America, helping to restore lost U.S. market share and expand overall U.S. exports.  In this paper, we develop gravity models to estimate and predict the potential bilateral trade flows between U.S. and CAFTA countries using panel data.  In the course of the study, it was expected that if DR-CAFTA were to have an effect, all countries under the agreement should be trade creators.  All the six CAFTA countries but one (Costa Rica) are trade creators.  The amount trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9815

CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF TRADE FOR AGRICULTURE: NEW PLATEAU OR NEW PRECIPICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Stuart.
This paper looks at the recent boom in agricultural commodity prices to see to what extent the changes these prices reflect are of a structural rather than short term nature. It concludes that they are essentially short term: a lagged supply response to the agricultural depression of 1970 and 1971; the coincidence of normal commodity cycles for several commodities; an unusual coincidence of adverse seasonal conditions in major producing areas, particularly the U.S.S.R.; and an unprecedented upswing in world economic activity. Nevertheless, there are a number of factors which suggest that, other than possibly in short term disequilibrium situations, agricultural commodity prices will not decline to previous levels: worldwide inflation; redirection in world...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22794

US Seafood Exports and HACCP Regulatory System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Xiaoqian; Saghaian,   Sayed H.
This study investigates how the implementation and standards harmonization of HACCP regulation affects U.S. seafood exporting based on the method of Gravity Model and Spatial Error model. The analysis includes top 32 countries that importing seafood from U.S. The results indicate that HACCP standards benefit U.S. seafood exporting in the long time period but do not have significant impact in the short term period. Moreover, the way of performance standards is better for HACCP implementation and standards harmony.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: HACCP; U.S. seafood exports; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103504

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This paper analyzes the main economic issues of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). A retrospective view on the establishment of the TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) Agreement, a still controversial accomplishment of the Uruguay Round of trade liberalization, is provided. The paper reviews the economic rationale for the harmonization of IPRs, drawing both on economic theory considerations as well as emerging empirical evidence. The logic of linking IPR protection and trade in the context of the WTO is also re-examined. Some specific attention is devoted to the implications of TRIPS for agricultural and biotechnology innovations. The impact that IPR protection can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Copyrights; Cross-border externalities; Intellectual property; International trade; Patents; Trademarks; TRIPS; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18369

Preferential Tariffs, WTO and Developing Countries: Do the Gains from Multilateral Market Access Outweigh Preferential Access?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Wainio,   John.
WTO trade negotiations on market access follow the MFN treatment. However, an increasing share of trade falls under preferential regimes. For agriculture, trade liberalization analyses have showed that the impact on developing countries (DC) is not uniform, partly from omitting preferences. In this paper, we examine whether preference-recipient DC benefit more from across the board tariff cuts than from preferences. We employ a global CGE model with detailed preference-inclusive tariff database to examine the differential impact of trade liberalization on DC subject to preferences versus MFN-based market access. We focus on the European Union- the world largest preferences provider- and run two experiments of tariff cuts by the EU: a 50% across-the-board...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade preferences; MFN tariffs; Trade liberalization; Developing countries; Preferential trade Agreements; International Relations/Trade; D5; F13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25644

India and the WTO's Agreement on Agriculture (A-o-A)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalirajan,   Kaliappa P.; Singh,   Kanhaiya.
This paper examines issues related to the WTO's Agreement on Agriculture from India's point of view. Why India should work towards the success of the Doha Round is also discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25366

Integrating China’s Agricultural Economy into the Global Market: Measuring Distortions in China’s Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Liu,   Yu; Martin,   William J.; Rozelle,   Scott.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55023

The challenge of the international organic certification: a new opportunity for agricultural trading?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canavari,   Maurizio; Cantore,   Nicola.
The successful literature about gravitational models stresses that bilateral trade flows among countries is influenced by GDP factors and transaction costs. In other words the mass of bilateral trade would be related to the typical demand-supply factors which explain the quantity of traded goods in perfect competition models and a wide series of variables which express transaction costs whose role is strongly highlighted by institutional economists. If compared to the previous literature our paper shows a twofold novelty. First it is the first attempt to analyse the bilateral trade of specific agricultural goods for Italy by a cross country and panel analysis and second it provides an original specification for transaction costs. In particular, we assume...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food trade; Gravitational models; Harmonisation; Organic agriculture; Italy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7902

Costs and Benefits to Taxpayers, Consumers, and Producers from U.S. Ethanol Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Barr,   Kanlaya J.; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.
The U.S. ethanol industry is lobbying hard for an extension of existing ethanol import tariffs and blenders tax credits before they expire at the end of 2010. The purpose of this study is to examine the likely consequences on the U.S. ethanol industry, corn producers, taxpayers, fuel blenders, and fuel consumers if current policy is not extended. Impacts of different ethanol policies in both 2011 and 2014 were estimated.  Estimates were obtained by developing a new stochastic model that calculates market-clearing prices for U.S. ethanol, Brazilian ethanol, and U.S. corn. The model is stochastic because market-clearing prices are calculated for 5,000 random draws of corn yields and wholesale gasoline prices.   Key assumptions in this study are that the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Blenders tax credit; Brazilian ethanol; Ethanol import tariffs; U.S. ethanol policy.; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92383

Assessment of Import Restrictions on the U.S. Meat and Livestock Markets: An Application to the Case of Discovery of BSE on Canadian Cattle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boonsaeng,   Tullaya; Wohlgenant,   Michael K.
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the discovery of BSE in Canadian cattle on the imported and domestic demand for livestock and meat in the United States. A multi-market partial equilibrium model is utilized to simulate the effects of policy-induced shifts in quantities of imports supplied from Canada on the meat and livestock industries. Our simulation results predict small effects on cattle.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34804

Agricultural Trade Policy Options for Sri Lanka During Crisis Times
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sri Lanka; Trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90882

Efficiency Measure in Nitrogen Management under U.S. Trade Induced Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Gunden,   Cihat; Allen,   Albert J.; Akuffo,   Akua S.
The overall objective of this paper is to measure the impact of the undesirable outputs from NAFTA (agricultural production and trade) on the environment by years in post-NAFTA period. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure environmental efficiency by considering desirable (corn production) and undesirable (nitrogen) outputs in fifteen states. DEA allowed us to measure the level of nitrogen pollution to be reduced by modeling undesirable output in efficiency evaluation. Data from 15 states (Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin) on corn production, land use and nitrogen fertilizer from 1994-2008 (post-NAFTA) were considered. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Efficiency; Nitrogen Pollution; NAFTA.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98698

Liberalising EU Imports for Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bunte,   Frank H.J.
This paper quantifies the impact of abolishing EU import barriers with respect to fruits and vegetables for sixteen fruits and vegetables. The estimations made are based on HORTUS, a supply and demand model for fruits and vegetables developed at LEI. HORTUS models the production, consumption and bilateral trade in fruits and vegetables for all EU25-countries, Morocco, Turkey and the Rest of the World. The paper shows that trade liberalisation has a large impact on European fruit production and trade. EU fruit production and exports are likely to fall substantially. European vegetable production and exports are relatively sheltered and are likely to benefit from the decline in EU fruit production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Economic integration; Fruits and vegetables; International Relations/Trade; F15; F17; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24473

Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50306

Commodity Prices Rock World Markets: Structural Shift or Short Term Adjustments?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bahn,   Henry M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94641

THE EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarney,   Geoffrey R.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
We seek to contribute to the emerging economic theory on trade, the environment and development.  Using panel data across countries, econometric models are estimated to predict the effects of openness on organic water pollutant (BOD) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.  Results indicate that freer trade significantly increases emissions of both pollutants, thus reducing environmental quality.  Moreover, the panel nature of the data allows heterogeneity across countries to be controlled, so that comparisons can be made of how different national characteristics influence the environmental impact of freer trade. By testing the effects of democratic versus autocratic governance, it is found that while greater democracy can induce significant reductions in BOD...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34157

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Lattimore,   Ralph G.; Lloyd,   Peter J.; MacLaren,   Donald.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48387

Bilateral Trade and Economic Growth: The Empirical Evidence Between U.S. and South Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Hyunsoo; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This paper analyzes the relationships between bilateral trade and economic growth in the U.S. and Korean economies. Using quarterly data from 1990 to 2008, the theoretical procedures utilize Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models under the static model assumption, an Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variation Decomposition (FEVD) under the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, and Granger causality tests. Empirical results indicate a causal relationship between bilateral export growth and economic growth for the U.S. and Korean economies. The export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis is strongly supported by the results of Granger causality tests on Korean exports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export-led growth; Bilateral trade; Granger causality; South Korea; United States; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90684

Acordos comerciais e o setor produtivo de carne bovina: estimativas de ganhos para o Mercosul
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waquil,   Paulo Dabdab; Alvim,   Augusto Mussi.
This study identifies the effects of free trade agreements at the multilateral (WTO) and regional (FTAA and MERCOSUR-EU) levels on the bovine meat markets in several regions. In order to evaluate these effects, we used a spatial allocation model, presented as a mixed complementarity problem (MCP). The study identifies the changes in production and consumption levels, as well as the changes in producer and consumer surplus, in four possible scenarios. In general, gains to bovine meat producers in the MERCOSUR countries are expected in all scenarios. Although, these gains are greater when we simulate a multilateral trade liberalization, with or without the elimination of subsidies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Free trade; Regional integration; Mixed complementarity problem; Bovine meat; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55190

Export Marketing Performance of Major Grain Trading Nations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120815

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faki,   Hamid; Taha,   Abdelmoneim.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48520

Rapport Conjoint OMA/PROMISAM Sur les Marchés Céréaliers et les Perspectives de leur évolution au cours de la soudure : Campagne 2006-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal market; Mali; Food security; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57060

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Reinstrumentation of Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magiera,   Stephen L.; Bredahl,   Maury E.; Meilke,   Karl D.; Warley,   T.K.; Ballenger,   Nicole.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49868

ANALYSIS OF IMPACT ON DOMESTIC AGRICULTURE OF WTO MARKET ACCESS POLICY WITH THE HAMI SIMULATION MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Girardin,   Jean.
A simple but new theoretical approach is used to analyse ex-ante the impact of tariff reduction. This methodology is based on the assumption of a constant price relation between each direct substitutable product. No elasticities are needed, but accurate import and domestic prices of the most sensitive and representative product of each tariff line are required. The present contribution forms a partial sector static simulation model that minimises the reduction of domestic production prices for the agricultural sector consecutive of the WTO market access negotiations of the Doha round. Results are shown on two levels whereas one of them provides rapidly a preliminary hierarchy of the sensitive products tariff lines and their optimal number. The second level...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maximal domestic price; Sensitive products; Partial Sector Simulation; Market Access Simulation; World Trade Organization; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6451

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.
I evaluate India's transition from an inward-oriented development strategy to greater participation in the world economy. While tariff rates have decreased significantly over the past decade, India is still one of the more autarkic countries. Despite improvement over the past in export performance, India continues to lag behind its South- and East Asian neighbors. Second, official debt flows have been largely replaced by foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment in the 1990s. India's ability to attract FDI would be greatly enhanced by further reforms. I argue that India's participation in a future round of multilateral trade negotiations would benefit India. I outline the further reforms most needed: reform of labour and bankruptcy laws,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: India; Antidumping; Developing countries; Economic reform; Export performance; Foreign direct investment; Intellectual property rights; Multilateral trade negotiations; Quantitative restrictions; Real exchange rate; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; F21; F35; H54; K31; O34; O38; O53; P11.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28428

The Tariff Equivalent and Forgone Trade Effects of Prohibitive Technical Barriers to Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Beghin,   John C.
We derive a method to econometrically estimate the tariff equivalent and foregone trade effects of a prohibitive technical barrier to trade (TBT) based on Wales and Woodland’s Kuhn-Tucker approach to corner solutions in consumer choice. The method overcomes the lack of observed data on bilateral trade flows and accounts for differentiated goods by place of origin. We apply the derived random utility model to international trade in apples to identify the tariff equivalent of prohibitive nontariff trade barriers imposed by Australia on potential imports of New Zealand apples. We estimate the forgone apple trade between the two countries, the implied trade injury imposed by Australia on New Zealand, and the welfare loss to Australia. The removal of the TBTs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corner solution; Kuhn-Tucker model; New Zealand apples; Nontariff barrier; NTB; Prohibitive; Random utility; TBT; Technical barrier to trade; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7351

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Dominican Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Jesus de los; Pena,   Pedro Pablo.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48393

Globalization of Fresh Fruit Products: The Role of Public Agencies and the Transformation of the Petrolina-Juazeiro Valley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valente,   Airton Saboya Junior.
Fresh fruits became one of the most globalized products within the agricultural sector. Different factors have contributed to propel this trend, such as cost reduction in transportation, improvement in cold chain facilities and changes in dietary habits. Production of fresh fruits for export has grown in Brazil, and it is present in over 30 production hubs. The Brazilian Northeast became one of those focal points, where its fruit production and exports come mainly from irrigated valleys, such as the Petrolina-Juazeiro one. Fruit exports have contributed to transform the Petrolina-Juazeiro valley: they have attracted producers, agribusiness firms, services companies, undergraduate schools, machinery and farm implement manufactures. Besides that, the job...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51352

The Contribution of Regional Trading Arrangements to Economic Convergence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavernier,   Edmund M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regional Trading; Economic Convergence; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45792

Impact of Sequential and Partial Trade Liberalization for Mexican Hass Avocado Imports to the U.S. during 1998-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carman,   Hoy F.; Li,   Lan; Sexton,   Richard J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21078

Price Discrimination in the Context of Vertical Differentiation: An Application to Canadian Wheat Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Nathalie.
This study examines the ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in bread wheat exports. This study models wheat as a vertically differentiated intermediate good and modifies the model of vertical differentiation by Mussa and Rosen to the realities of wheat import demand. The conceptual model isolates the bases of price discrimination and demonstrates that the CWB’s ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of the differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data provided by the CWB for exports to Japan, the United Kingdom, and two markets aggregating remaining exports through Canada’s west and east coasts, for 1982 1994.  The data indicate that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25210

Deregulating and Liberalizing the North-American Telecommunications Market: Explaining the US-Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cowhey,   Peter F.; Richards,   John E.
This paper examines the substantial regulatory changes in North American telecommunications markets over the past decade. We argue that a combination of U.S. domestic politics and the logic of international strategic positioning produced substantial and far-reaching reform driven primarily by multilateral actions at the WTO and a set of unilateral U.S. initiatives (primarily benchmarks). Internationally, although NAFTA played an important role as a "building block" for the WTO agreement, we argue the lack of market coverage and more far-reaching WTO agreement ultimately limited NAFTA's role in driving reform. The logic of U.S. domestic politics also played a central role by putting certain constraints on what the U.S. would accept in a telecommunications...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; NAFTA; Trade Negotiations; Telecommunications; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; L96.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26378

THE EFFECTS OF US/CANADA TRADE ON PRODUCTION COSTS AND PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Schuck,   Eric C.; Jin,   Hyun Joung; Koo,   Won W.
Increased international trade can affect production costs by promoting changing input and output prices and by promoting technological innovation.  Econometric results suggest increasing state exports of agricultural products and rising US/Canada agricultural trade has shifted production costs from labor and material inputs towards capital and land and that trade-induced technological improvements have driven down production costs in the Great Plains.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22008

Accession to the World Trade Organisation: Challenges and Prospects for the Least-developed Countries (LDCs): Ethiopian Accession Case Study Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delelegn,   Mussie.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Accession to the World Trade Organisatio: Challenges and Prospects for Least-developed Countries (LDCs)" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23891

Tariff-Rate Quotas and Agricultural Trade: An Application to the Agricultural Free-Trade Negotiation between the MERCOSUR and the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; Ramos,   Maria Priscila.
In October 2004 the European Union and the MERCOSUR tried to reach an agreement for creating what would be the world's largest free-trade area accounting for 650 millions people. But despite five years of bilateral work to strike a deal, the two parties stayed on ropes at their meeting in Portugal the 18th of October 2004. The stumbling blocks are the MERCOSUR's demand for a greater access to EU's agricultural markets and the EU's demand for expanded access for industrial goods, services and investments. Though, both partners made great efforts to comply with each other requests, it wasn't enough. In this paper we are interested in the possible last EU's offer to enlarge access to its market through  the allocation of bilateral tariff-rate quotas for some...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: MERCOSUR; European Union; Agricultural trade; TRQ; GTAP; International Relations/Trade; D58; F17; F15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24637

COTTON EXPORTS: ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SALES AND SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayuk,   Elias T.; Ruppel,   Fred J.
Relationships between cotton export sales and export shipments are examined, and a quarter-specific lag structure is estimated. Two econometric systems are estimated, one employing export shipments and the other using export sales. Results indicate that sales are more sensitive to changes in economic variables than shipments and that stocks net of outstanding export sales are more responsive to price and interest rate changes than gross stocks. Sales and shipments are different variables and cannot substitute for one another in econometric modelling. Use of export sales data should be considered in estimation of export demand and stock demand parameters.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29703

Food miles, Carbon footprinting and other factors affecting our trade (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97621

ISSUES AFFECTING LATIN AMERICAN AGRICULTURE AND FUTURE TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16800

WTO Constraints on U.S. and EU Domestic Support in Agriculture:  Assessing the October 2005 Proposals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
Proposals on domestic support were submitted in the WTO agriculture negotiations by the USA, the EU, and the G-20 in October 2005, based on the 2004 Framework agreement. This paper pays attention to the de minimis rules and the resulting de minimis allowances and projects future (2014) distorting support for the USA and the EU-15. It calculates the constraints resulting from projected values of production combined with the U.S., EU and G-20 proposals and compares their effectiveness in constraining components of distorting support and the projected future applied support. The de minimis rules make a difference in estimating how much distorting support can be provided in the future. Under the U.S. proposal the Overall commitment does not constrain either...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14601

Should US Amend Its Restrictions on Exporting High-Tech Products to China?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Hailong; Wang,   Tong.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103487

IMPLICIT PRICE AND DEMAND IN OLIGOPOLISTIC COMPETITION: AN APPLICATION TO THE U.S. TROUT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
This study provides an example of how implicit price and demand models can be developed and used for empirical analysis. In particular, empirical application of these models can quantify the impact of implicit economic variables representing preference, relative price, production efficiency, the degree of price sensitivity to quantity supplied, and substitutability on market price and demand for domestic and imported products. Furthermore, the simultaneous impact of these implicit economic variables on market price and demand can be quantified using these implicit price and demand models.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60824

A Reexamination of the U.S. Export Demand for Soybeans and Soybean Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uri,   Noel D.; Hyberg,   Bengt.
This paper addresses the question of whether the export demand for soybeans and soybean products changed structurally over the 1950 to 1992 period as the U.S. agricultural sector became more integrated with the rest of the world economy. The results suggest that export demands were stable for soybeans, soybean meal and soybean oil over the sample period. Moreover, it is possible to infer conclusively that the long-run soybean and soybean product export price elasticities were in the elastic range. The implications include that for each one percent reduction in the price of soybeans, soybean meal and/or soybean oil brought about through a government program, exports increased by more than one percent, leading to a reduction in the variability of soybean and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export demand; Export price elasticities; Soybeans; Soybean meal; Soybean oil; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90645

THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE FTAA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burfisher,   Mary E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16793

THE ELASTICITY OF EXPORT DEMAND FOR US COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Laxmi; Houston,   Jack E.; Adhikari,   Murali; Devkota,   Nirmala.
There exist conflicting views among the researchers about the magnitudes of US cotton export demand elasticity, ranging from the highly inelastic to highly elastic. An Armington model was used to analyze the export demand elasticity of US Cotton. Our analysis confirms an elastic nature of US cotton export demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34668

An Evaluation of The Impact of Globalization on the U.S. Dairy Industry: Threats, Opportunities and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91364

Potential Impacts of Avocado Imports from Mexico on the Florida Avocado Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalampang,   Sikavas; Tantiwongampai,   Wirusana; Evans,   Edward A.
Changes in agricultural policies shape the way markets and industries react.  A recent policy issue expecting to have impacts on Florida Greenskin avocado industry is an entry of Mexican Hass avocados to all states in the United States in 2007.  After 93 years of banning Mexican Hass avocados in Florida, the allowance of Hass variety from Mexico to Florida in 2007 may lead a different path to the Florida Greenskin avocado industry.  This research addresses this issue by incorporating Florida avocados, together with California, Chile, Mexico, and Dominican Republic avocados into the analysis of the demand for avocados in the United States using a Rotterdam Inverse Demand System.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21116

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TRADE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Agriculture has been at the center of conflicts over world trade from the beginning in 1986 of the eighth, Uruguay Round, of multilateral trade negotiations.  Yet it is only in the final phases of the Round that linkages from trade to the environment have come to the fore.  In this paper, the specific linkages from trade to the environment in the agricultural sector are developed.  The impacts of trade flows and policies on environmental quality in agriculture have features which make them unusually difficult to resolve.  In many respects, the same domestic agricultural policies at the root of trade distortions also encourage environmental damages.  Hence, reforming these domestic and trade policies would be a partial, though not a complete, step in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14449

THE EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON LIVE HOG TRADE BETWEEN THE U.S. AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Zishun; Klein,   Nicole L.; Santos,   Joseph M.
The real exchange rate is often blamed as a main reason for the increased imports of live hogs from Canada. This study uses co-integration of weekly data from Jan 1997 to Jun 2000 to examine the real exchange rate fluctuations and their effects on live hog trade between the two countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20474

THE EFFECT OF FREE TRADE ON POLLUTION POLICY AND WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Sumeet.
In this paper I consider a small economy facing accession to a trade agreement. Before accession the government has control over trade and environmental policy. After accession it retains control over environmental policy but has to allow free trade. Through the analysis I highlight an effect of free trade neglected in the literature so far. Adoption of free trade shifts the economic incidence of pollution tax from consumers onto producers of the polluting good. Under fairly plausible conditions, this change in incidence can reduce the distortion in pollution tax. Even though the choice of accession is influenced by special interest groups, I find that accession can be accompanied by an improvement in pollution policy and an increase in aggregate welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15849

State Trading Enterprises: A Canadian Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Annand,   Mel.
This paper provides a Canadian perspective on the debate about state trading enterprises in the World Trade Organization. STEs carry out important economic functions as part of national policies. STEs can do this without distorting competitive equilibrium in trade. From an economic and legal standpoint, STEs can properly function within the WTO system. The paper comments on why WTO rules on STEs may be practically meaningless, given the lack of application of the STE rules in WTO dispute resolution. The suggestion is made that the direction of legal inquiry into STEs should focus on the question of trade influence, rather than on the political question of government control of STEs. The real economic trade effects of STEs are the important aspects of STE...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ideology; State trading; Subsidies; Unfair trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23834

Binding Overhang and Tariff-Cutting Formulas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bchir,   Mohamed Hedi; Jean,   Sebastien; Laborde,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18873

Impact of the South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement on the U.S. Livestock Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Dong,   Fengxia.
The recently signed Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) grants the U.S. livestock industry with preferential access to South Korea's import market. This study evaluates the likely impacts of the KORUS FTA on the U.S. livestock sector.  Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute's modeling system, we find that livestock prices increase by 0.5% to 3.8% under the agreement. And together with an expansion by 381 to 883 million pounds in meat exports, the value of U.S. exports increase by close to U.S.$2 billion, or a 15.2% increase.  Because of differential baseline starting market shares and differential rates and staging specifications, the beef sector results are primarily driven by trade diversion impacts, while a combination of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Free trade agreement; Livestock; Poultry; Trade creation and diversion.; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7701

Italy and China Agri-Food Trade: Integration, Similarity and Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Henke,   Roberto.
The paper looks at the increasing integration of China into the world market, with a specific focus on agricultural and food trade and on the Italian market. Agricultural trade among Italy and China has been limited to secondary products, especially originated in the livestock sector. However, in the last decade exchanges have been constantly increasing and the set of products changing deeply. Specifically, Italian exports to China have been specialising towards the typical "Made in Italy" processed products, showing a potential market for Italian agricultural and food products. In order to test the opportunity and the risks of the integration of China into the world agro-food markets, some similarity indices have been calculated, with refer to two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Similarity index; Agri-food trade; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25283

Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Agricultural Policy Scenarios on Multifunctionality: A Case Study of Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehtonen,   Heikki; Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
This paper provides first results of the sector-model approach to analysing the effects of alternative policy scenarios on the multifunctional role of Finnish agriculture. In terms of environmental non-commodity outputs, this study focuses on nutrient runoffs, landscape diversity and biodiversity. As regards other non-commodity outputs, the paper considers rural socio-economic viability. The results suggest that, on the whole, reform of the common agricultural policy is not likely to result in any drastic decline of agricultural production in Finland. The amount of green fallow will increase considerably when agricultural support payments are decoupled from production, and as a result the remaining cultivated agricultural land will become biologically...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25137

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures : A Game Theoretic Approach of Comparative Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Nandini; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This paper tries to assess the impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures in the context of agricultural imports. The WTO induced Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) policy is restrictive and it is affecting severely the exports from developing nations. This paper tries to explore whether there can be conditions under which certain restrictions can be mutually beneficial both for the exporter and the importer. A game theoretic model has been proposed to determine whether the policy in its current form generates mutually beneficial payoffs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35375

Liberalising Global Labour Markets: Recent Developments at the WTO: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grynberg,   Roman.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Liberalising Global Labour Markets: Recent Developments at the WTO" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23907

Econometric analysis of imperfect competition and implications for trade research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commerce; Commercial policy; Game theory; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47252

The Efficacy of TRIPS: Incentives, Capacity and Threats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
There is a major split between developed and developing countries over the protection of the patents in pharmaceuticals in the TRIPS. This dispute is symptomatic of the difficulties of incorporating a non-trade issue into a trade organization. Incentives and threats are examined in the context of the TRIPS. It is concluded that developing countries have no direct incentives to protect intellectual property, that the threat of trade actions is unlikely to induce compliance and that the use of indirect incentives is discredited and will fail to achieve its objective over the long run. Successful protection of intellectual property in developing countries will require a way to provide them with a direct incentive to enforce such protection.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Enforcement; Incentives; Intellectual property; Knowledge economy; Threats; TRIPS; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23815

Dynamic Interaction between Economic Indicators and SO2 Emission in U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Energy Use; Vector Autoregression; Historical Decomposition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103239

Trade Costs and the Gains from Trade in Crop Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Li,   Man.
Forthcoming in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Geography; Grains; Trade costs; Trade liberalization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q17; Q54; F18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61169

Az eredetmegjelölés koncepcionális kérdései a Balatoni Borrégióban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brazsil,   David; Sidlovits,   Diana.
A magyar szőlő-bor ágazat fejlődését alapvetően befolyásolja a Közösségi Borpiaci Reform kapcsán megváltozó új jogi szabályozás, mely három új, egységes borkategóriát vezet be az Európai Unióban. A Balatoni Borrégió termelési szerkezetéből megállapítható, hogy borainak 99%-a földrajzi árujelzőkkel kerül forgalomba. Ezen árujelzők jövőbeli használatához termékleírás elkészítése kötelező. A termékleírás elkészítése felveti a jelenleg használt földrajzi árujelzők régiós elvek szerinti újragondolását. A „Balatoni” kategóriát oltalom alatt álló földrajzi jelzős termékkategóriává alakítva biztosítható lenne a – termelők nagy részének nagyfokú önállósága melletti – régiós borkategória. Erre építve a jelenlegi m.t. minőségi és védett eredetű kategóriákat, szigorú...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Közös borpiaci szabályozás; Borkategóriák; EU; Balatoni Borrégió; Eredetmegjelölés; Common wine market regime; Wine categories; EU; Lake Balaton Wine Region; Designation of origin; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92494

A PROFILE OF SOUTHEASTERN AGRIBUSINESS EXPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epperson,   James E.; Cox,   J.C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27644

HOW COMPETITIVE IS THE WORLD WHEAT MARKET?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; MacLaren,   Donald; Yilmaz,   Alper.
Japan is one of the largest importers of wheat in the world, with imports originating from three countries, Australia, Canada, and the United States.  Australia, Canada, and Japan all use a government single-desk agency to control wheat trade.  Many previous studies on competition in the world grain trade have argued the market is imperfectly competitive, and they often point to the Japanese market. We study the Japanese wheat import market for this reason, but find no compelling evidence of imperfect competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Competition; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; L10; Q17.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11973

Enjoying a Good Port with a Clear Conscience: Geographic Indicators, Rent Seeking and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The European Union is attempting to have the protection of geographic indicators strengthened in the WTO. There may be sufficient rents and other benefits available to justify this strategy in the negotiations. To achieve its rent-seeking goals, however, the European Union needs allies at the negotiations. It has been courting developing countries by touting the benefits of geographic indicators for their products. For most products originating in developing countries, the opportunities for rents will first have to be created, a resource-intensive and problematic activity. Further, even if rents can be created in the short run, the forces of competition are likely to erode them. Scarce resources might be better utilized on other development strategies that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Geographic indicators; Incentives; Rent seeking; Sustainable development; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23827

AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF REMOVING THE PARTIAL U.S. IMPORT BAN ON FRESH MEXICAN HASS AVOCADOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Everett B.; Evangelou,   Phylo; Orden,   David; Bakshi,   Nishita.
The importation of fresh Hass avocados from Mexico into the United States has been restricted, totally or partially, since 1914 on grounds of the potential risk of pest infestation. This quarantine has been a cause of dispute between the Mexican and U.S. governments.  In 1997, Hass avocados from approved orchards in the State of Michoacán, Mexico, were permitted to be imported during the months of November through February into 19 northeastern states plus the District of Columbia. In 2001, the import period was extended to October 15 through April 15, and access was granted to 12 additional states.  Currently there is a proposal to remove all seasonal and geographic restrictions on the importation of fresh Hass avocados from Mexico. The purpose of this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19938

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN AGRO-FOOD TRADE OF HUNGARY, CROATIA AND SLOVENIA WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
This paper investigates comparative trade advantages in agro-food trade. We analyze comparative advantages of Hungarian, Croatian and Slovenian agro-food trade in the European Union (EU) markets. Both the levels and pattern of the revealed comparative advantage measure are investigated. The empirical research seeks to explain how revealed comparative advantages have developed across countries, main product groups and over time and what are likely their implications for multifunctional rural development in the enlarged EU. We employ a disaggregated trade dataset to identify the revealed comparative advantages to provide broader policy implications. The empirical results confirmed bulk of agro-food and forestry products with revealed comparative advantages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Croatia; Hungary; Slovenia.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90870

ASYMMETRIC PATTERN OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   MinKyoung; Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
This study proposes alternative rationales to explain an asymmetric intra-industry trade pattern between the United States and Canada after the free trade agreement became effective.  Using time-series data, a gravity equation is developed which enables us to examine the impacts of relative market size, exchange rates, and transportation costs on bilateral trade.  It is found that these three effects have to be taken together in order to explain the asymmetric intra-industry trade pattern.  Exchange rate impacts on bilateral trade are found to the most significant, indicating that U.S. dollar appreciation causes a more asymmetric trade pattern for agricultural goods than for large-scale manufacturing goods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Border effects; Exchange rates; Gravity equation; Intra-industry trade; National product differentiation model; Product differentiation model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23625

Trade and Transport Modes, A Differentiated Impact of Distance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcias,   Manuel; Chevassus-Lozza,   Emmanuelle; Latouche,   Karine.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114370

International Dairy Notes, May 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
U.S. dairy exports recovering from depressed 2009.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91369

Integration der Markte und wettbewerbspolitischer Handlungsbedarf
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grossmann,   Harald.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26366

Who Is Feeding China? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latner,   Kevin.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90769

WTO Rules in the Audio-Visual Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zampetti,   Americo Beviglia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26051

Trade Agreements: The Important Role of Transparency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
International trade can be inhibited in two ways; through the use of mechanisms that directly alter the flow of goods and poor transparency in the rules of trade. The former includes tariffs and other border measures, subsidies and non-tariff barriers. The effect on trade flows resulting from issues of transparency is indirect. When the rules of trade are unclear for firms considering investing in trade related activities, the risks associated with those investments increase and investment is inhibited. If there is less investment in trade related activities, trade flows will be reduced. Poor transparency exists in contingent protection measures such as anti-dumping – currently on the agenda of the Rules negotiations at the WTO and – customs and related...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Investment; Liberalization; Risk; Transparency; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6322

Canadian Orange Juice Imports and Production Level Import Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yan; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Import demand equations are estimated in order to identify the own-, cross-price, and volume elasticities that can be used to determine the best marketing strategy to increase U.S. orange juice gallons in the Canadian import market. This study uses the firm’s version of production differential, AIDS, CBS, and NBR models. An expansion of total Canadian orange juice import gallons using advertising favors the U.S. much more than it does the other three origins investigated— Brazil, Mexico, and ROW. A 1% increase in imported gallons of orange juice due to advertising will increase U.S. imports by 1.20% and Brazil’s gallons by 0.60%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: AIDS model; CBS model; Import demand; International trade; NBR model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62281

Freer International Trade and the Consequences for EU rural areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe.
General equilibrium models estimated by various authors and institutions show that, although trade liberalization leads to aggregate welfare gains, there are winners and losers when it comes to the distribution. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent rural regions have won or lost in the trade opening process that has been underway since the 1990s. The economic literature on international trade and regional development suggests the presence of opposing forces, making the global impact of international trade liberalization on rural areas ambiguous. Using a series of empirical studies, in particular the DREAM model (CEPII), the author assesses the  impact of trade opening on the European Regions, observing  a significant proportion of losers...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; European Rural regions; Rural development policies; International Relations/Trade; O18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7995

The WTO SPS Agreement in Action: Disputes over China’s Exports of Vegetables to Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xiaohe; MacLaren,   Donald; Xue,   Guixia.
Since the mid-1990s, there have been three occasions on which Japan has impeded imports of vegetables from China. On each occasion the instruments used by Japan and the response by China have been different. One the first two occasions, China was not a member of the WTO but now that she is, the scope for Japan to constrain imports by a VER has been removed. The most recent dispute concerns chemical residues in spinach which exceed Japan’s maximum permitted levels but not those of the EU and the U.S. In this paper we explore the workings of the SPS Agreement using these trade disputes as an example.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Japan; Vegetables; SPS Agreement; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57910

WORLD FEED BARLEY TRADE UNDER ALTERNATIVE TRADE POLICY SCENARIOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mao,   Weining; Koo,   Won W.; Krause,   Mark A.
A spatial equilibrium model based on a quadratic programming algorithm was developed to analyze world feed barley trade and international competition among major exporters (Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States) under the current and alternative trade policy scenarios.  The U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) plays an important role to maintain U.S. market share in importing countries.  Eliminating Canadian rail subsidy decreases Canadian offshore exports, but greatly increases its exports to the United States.  The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increases feed barley trade within North America, but has little impact on world trade flows for feed barley.  Canada benefits most under the Uruguay Round Agreement of GATT...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Feed barley; International grain trade; Trade policy; Spatial equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23272

Economic and Business Relations Between Australia and China: An Overview and an Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article highlights trends in the comparative value of Australia’s merchandise trade with China and considers the relative importance of Australia for China’s international merchandise trade and vice versa. The composition of the merchandise trade between Australia and China is also examined. Trade in services between Australia and China is of increasing importance and its composition and balance is discussed. As a result of global economic reforms, international mobility of capital has increased.  China has become the world’s major destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) and is now itself an important source of FDI.  However, Australia is not a major investor in China nor a major outlet for China’s FDI. Reasons for this, and for the other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia's trade with China; FDI; Australia; China; Australia-China Free Trade Agreement; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90543

Measuring Protection: Mission Impossible?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvatici,   Luca; Cipollina,   Maria.
In the international trade literature there seems to be some confusion between "openness" and "protection" measures. The aim of this paper is to bring together the "state of the art" in quantifying trade policy measures, so we focus on the extent of the protection granted by policies rather than on the degree of openness of the economy.  Given the huge size of literature dealing with these issues, we limit our review as follows. On the one hand, we focus on trade policies implemented at the border: accordingly, we do not consider all the other possible public interventions influencing trade flows. On the other hand, we take into account only indexes explicitly adopting a metric expressed in a "scalar aggregate" (tariff- and quota-equivalent measures, or an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Protection; Tariff and Non-Tariff barriers; Tariff and Non-Tariff measures.; International Relations/Trade; F13; F19.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18876

Rural Poverty and China's Entry to WTO: Present Knowledge, Unresolved Issues and China's Policy Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Begins by considering trends in the incidence of rural poverty in China, comparing China and India. Although the incidence of rural poverty in China declined generally, such poverty is still a matter for concern, especially now that China has joined the WTO. There is concern about the possible impact of China’s WTO entry on its rural poverty and its ability to adopt policies to address it. Recent international studies of such poverty in China by bodies such as the World Bank, OECD, ADB and IFPRI are outlined and reviewed critically with these economic issues in mind. The most recent study by Anderson and others suggests that China’s agriculture will be forced to undertake more structural adjustment than forecast in earlier studies. The Chinese policies to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; China; Economic; Reform; Rural poverty; WTO; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105582

Market and Welfare Effects of Mandatory Country-of-Origin Labeling in the US Specialty Crops Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Pick,   Daniel H.
This study provides a new framework of analysis of the market and welfare effects of mandatory country of origin labeling (MCOOL) for fruits and vegetables that accounts for heterogeneous consumer preferences for domestic products, differences in producer agronomic characteristics, and retailer market power when buying and selling these products. The market and welfare effects of MCOOL are shown to be case-specific and dependent on the labeling costs at the farm and retail levels, the strength of consumer preference for domestic products, the market power of retailers, the marketing margin along the supply chain, and the relative costs of imported and domestic products. Simulation results for the US markets of apples and tomatoes indicate that for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6536

TRADE CREATION AND TRADE DIVERSION UNDER MERCORSUR: A GLOBAL INTERTEMPORAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
A multi-region, multi-sector global intertemporal general equilibrium model is constructed to analyze dynamic adjustments following the establishment of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). The study focuses on regional trade integration effects as well as third party spillover effects. By taking into account both transitional and steady state adjustments in consumption, production, and investments, we observe significant shifts of trade diversion away from the non-member trading partners to the member countries. We also find that, following the MERCOSUR's common external tariffication, growth of intra trade would likely be accompanied by increases in trade between Mercosur and other countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13977

O mercado internacional de biocombustíveis: etanol e biodiesel.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Botelho Filho,   Flavio Borges; Hernandez,   Dora Isabel Murillo.
O presente estudo tem por objetivo conhecer as caraterísticas atuais do mercado internacional dos biocombustíveis: etanol e biodiesel. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que visa determinar a importância do mercado institucional dos países envolvidos na produção, consumo e comércio dos biocombustíveis. ----------------------The objective of this article is to know the current characteristics of international market of biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. This is an explorative research to verify the importance of the institutional markets in the countries involved with biofuels production, consumption and trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Etanol; Biodiesel; Mercado institucional; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108196

Will Consumers Pay a Premium for Country-of-Origin Labeled Meat?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Umberger,   Wendy J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93391

Ten Years After -  Welfare Effects of the Application of the CAP in Austria, Finland and Sweden
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Fahlbeck,   Erik; Hofreither,   Markus F.
Ten years ago, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU. The application of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) caused major repercussions on the agricultural sectors of the entering countries. This article analyses the welfare effects of accession to the EU on the agricultural markets in Austria, Finland and Sweden in a simple supply and demand framework, which is kept strictly identical across all three countries. The quantitative results of the study are derived by using standard partial equilibrium comparative static analysis in the Marshallian economic surplus framework. Using this method, the welfare effects are calculated for eight major cereal and livestock commodities produced in Austria, Finland, and Sweden by comparing the evolution of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integration; EU; CAP; Austria; Finland; Sweden; Welfare analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24767

GLOBALIZATION, CROPPING CHOICES, AND PROFITABILITY IN AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blank,   Steven C.
The paper discusses the linkages between the "globalization" of agricultural markets over recent decades and the decisions being made by individual farmers and ranchers in the United States.  It is noted that technological advances lead to globalization of agricultural commodity markets and profit pressures.  The continuing profit squeeze in agricultural production is having a significant effect on the cropping choices of America's farmers.  When possible, acreage is being shifted out of low-revenue-generating crops and into higher-revenue-generating crops.  This shift makes crop portfolios more risky over time, thus encouraging farmers to consider diversifying out of agriculture.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cropping choices; Globalization; Profit; Risk; Safety-first; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15013

U.S.-Canada Free Trade: What Are the Issues?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Normile,   Mary Anne.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50683

International Trade and Factor Movements in Development Theory, Policy, and Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50651

The Current Round of Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Should We Bother About Domestic Support? Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Strutt,   Anna.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Current Round of Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Should We Bother About Domestic Support?" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23882

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 696
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Which Came First: Growth in Trade or Trade Arrangement?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13208

Rice Market Liberalization and Household Welfare in Sri Lanka:  A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika.
Current trade policy pursued by the Sri Lankan government on rice can best be described as ad-hoc as it is characterized by protecting farmers during glut seasons and consumers during deficit seasons.  This study examines the economy-wide impacts of various policy packages on rice and related markets, which consist of liberal as well as protectionist elements.  A general equilibrium model developed for the Sri Lankan economy using the input-output table for 2000 was used for the analysis.  The model consists of 5 sectors, 2 factors of production and households in 8 representative provinces.  The key results of the analysis indicate that removal of the import tariff on rice along with removals of the import tariff on fertilizer and/or subsidy payments on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24156

Prospects for the US Farm Economy in 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glauber,   Joseph W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51588

IMPLEMENTING QUOTAS IN GTAP USING GEMPACK OR HOW TO LINEARIZE AN INEQUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pearson,   Ken; Bach,   Christian Friis.
This document describes how explicit import and export quotas can be implemented and solved in the GTAP CGE trade model. The techniques described here apply equally well to other general and partial equilibrium models implemented and solved using the GEMPACK software. They also generalise to procedures for handling other inequalities in models solved via GEMPACK (even though GEMPACK does not allow explicit inequalities in the algebraic representation of models). In this document we review some recent applications of GTAP in which explicit import and export quotas have been modelled, and discuss how important it was for these applications to have explicit treatment of quotas.    Accompanying this document are various computer files containing the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28720

QUANTIFYING THE HETEROGENEITY OF ABATEMENT COSTS UNDER CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION CHANGES: AN INTEGRATED MODELLING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leclere,   David; Jayet,   Pierre-Alain; Zakharov,   Paul; de Noblet-Ducoudre,   Nathalie.
We present here preliminary results of an integrated modelling approach combining a crop model (STICS) and an economic model (AROPAj) of European agricultural supply. This modelling framework is designed to perform quantitative analysis, regarding climate change impacts on agriculture and more generally the interactions between soils, land use, agriculture and climate integrating physical and economical elements (data, process, models). It explicitly integrates an agricultural diversity dimension with regards to economic set of choices and soil climate spatial variability. First results are given in term of quantitative analysis combining optimal land allocation (economic optimality) and “dose-response” functions related to a large set of crops in Europe,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91267

Evidence on trends in the single factoral terms of trade in African agricultural commodity production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Fleming,   Pauline.
The ability of African countries to achieve sustained improvements in agricultural incomes depends on their ability to generate total factor productivity (TFP) change in their agricultural sectors and adjust to movements in agricultural output and input prices. The single factoral terms of trade index measures these changes, calculated as changes in the product of TFP and the agricultural terms of trade. Estimates of the single factoral terms of trade index for the selected commodities over the period 1970-2002 are reported and discussed for 33 African countries for which data sets are available. The index is estimated for producers of coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, palm oil, rice, cotton and sugar using annual agricultural sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7980

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Salam,   Abdul.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48482

Beyond the Home Market Effect: Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behrens,   Kristian; Lamorgese,   Andrea R.; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Tabuchi,   Takatoshi.
The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more-than-proportional relationship between a country’s share of world production of a good and its share of world demand for that same good, a result known as the “home market effect”. We first show that this prediction does not generally carry through to the multi-country case, as production patterns are crucially affected by third country effects. We then derive an alternative prediction that holds whatever the number of countries considered. This new prediction takes into account important features of the real world such as comparative advantage due to cross-country technological differences and lack of factor price equalization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Home Market Effect; Hub Effect; International Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Multi-country Models; International Relations/Trade; F12; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56212

Potential Impacts of WTO Accession on the Agribusiness Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Nikolic,   Aleksandra.
Bosnia Herzegovina (BH) is in the process of joining the World Trade Organization in the near future and the European Union in the medium term. As a net agriculture and food importer, accession will require BH to expose some of its inefficient and sensitive agricultural industries, such as meat and dairy products, to international competition. A bilateral trade model is used to estimate the potentially negative impacts of accession on production and trade in several specific sectors. According to the research results, BH imports are estimated to increase, driven by the livestock products sector. Exports are only marginally affected. A drop in overall customs revenues is expected. BH is expected to experience a small reduction in agricultural sector welfare...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bosnia Herzegovina; WTO accession; Trade; Agricultural tariffs; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114611

LIVE HOG AND PORK IMPORTS: PAST AND PROJECTED CONSEQUENCES FOR THE U.S. PORK SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Jon A.; Young,   Robert E., II; Alam,   Shamsul; Womack,   Abner W.
The U.S. pork sector is modeled to simulate the effects of alternative import levels on prices, production, consumption, farm receipts, and consumer expenditures.  Over the 1983-1985 period, producers annually received $600 million less due to increasing imports than if imports had remained at the 1979-1982 average.  Farm prices and slaughter were lower by $2.21 per hundredweight and .1 million head annually, respectively.  Four simulations reflecting alternative import paths over the period 1986-1992 were examined.  With lower imports (relative to current levels), production and farm prices rise significantly in the long run; consumers purchase less and pay more.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30217

The Non-event of Produce and NAFTA: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beilock,   Richard P.; Espinel,   Ramon L.; Nalampang,   Sikavas.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Non-event of Produce and NAFTA" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23914

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Malaysia: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tengku Ahmad,   Tengku Mohd Ariff.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Malaysia. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, soybean, wheat, tobacco, palm oil, rubber, cocoa, pepper, saw logs and sawn timber. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Malaysia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32709

Milk Chain in Romania at the Start of Romania's Integration Into the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grodea,   Mariana.
In the perspective of accession to the EU, the Romanian dairy sector will have to comply with the EU norms and standards. Institutional capacity building, the creation and operation of certain specific market structures, sector revamping until the accession moment represent a priority objective of the domestic agricultural policy. The calculations regarding the EU direct support reveal that Romania will need additional funding sources in order to cover the needs in relation to the allocated milk quota.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct support (direct and additional payments); Milk quota; Investments; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24752

Food Sovereignty and Agricultural Trade Policy Commitments: What are the Margins of Manoeuvre for West African States?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Postolle,   Angele.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114402

Simulation Modeling of an International Tomato Supply-Chain Distribution System: Analyzing the Impact of Food Quality Technology on All Supply-Chain Players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ge,   Jiaoju; Wysocki,   Allen F.; House,   Lisa; Welt,   Bruce A.; Emond,   Jean-Pierre; Brecht,   Jeffrey K.; Nunes,   Cecilia Do Nascimento.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8550

Le marché de bestiaux du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid: un levier de développement rural du Centre tunisien
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selmi,   Salah; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Allagui,   Leila; Chouaibi,   Walid.
L’élevage ovin est une activité traditionnelle dans toutes les régions de la Tunisie et surtout le Centre et le Sud. Sur le plan national et jusqu'à une date récente seule la viande bovine retenait l'attention des pouvoirs publics et les opérateurs privés. Face aux enjeux actuels de satisfaction des besoins du pays en viandes rouges et la mise à niveau de la filière des ovins, on assiste à un processus de développement du secteur qui connaît une restructuration du cheptel et une intensification de la production en intégrant les cultures fourragères ainsi qu’une mise à niveau des marchés de bestiaux. Dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid où l’élevage ovin occupe une place de choix dans l’économie régionale, les systèmes de production agricole connaîssent une...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52000

Growing Demand for Animal-Protein-Source Products in Indonesia: Trade Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
New elasticities were estimated from Indonesia's 1996, 1999, and 2002 National Socio-Economic Survey, or SUSENAS, data using a double-hurdle demand specification. The estimates suggest that major changes in Indonesian household diets are expected in the coming years, as income growth is sustained and as urbanization proceeds at a fast pace. The consumption "trading-up" pattern for animal-protein source products observed in many countries may also occur in Indonesia. In this particular case, households will shift from fish to dairy and meat products. The trade impacts of this emerging consumption pattern will be determined by the cost of adjustment in Indonesia's domestic productive capacity and the influence of the country's predominantly Islamic tradition.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand; Household consumption; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21417

AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND CHANGE UNDER GLOBALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
Dr. Won W. Koo, Professor and Director of the Center for Agricultural Policy and Trade Studies, North Dakota State University, and Dr. G. Edward Schuh, Professor and Director of the Freeman Center for International Economic Policy, University of Minnesota, organized a conference, Agricultural Competitiveness and Change under Globalization, held October 11-12, 2004, at the Ramada Plaza Suites and Conference Center in Fargo, North Dakota.  Speakers included Senators Byron Dorgan and Kent Conrad of North Dakota, leaders from agribusinesses and farm groups, government officials, and top economists from universities across the country.  The conference focused on the effects of globalization on U.S. agriculture, with attention given to trade negotiations and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23071

HOW CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION AFFECTS RURAL ECONOMY IN THE LESS-DEVELOPED REGIONS: A MULTI-REGION, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Fan,   Shenggen; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
This study constructs a regional CGE model of China to analyze the differential regional impacts of China’s WTO accession on agricultural production, trade, and farmers’ income. The results show that China’s WTO accession will generally improve the total welfare but will widen existing gaps among regions and sectors. It is expected that the agricultural sector will suffer if only agricultural trade is liberalized, as cheap imports of agricultural products, particularly grains, will increase and domestic agricultural production and farmers’ agricultural income will decline. Full trade liberalization, i.e., lifting trade barriers in both agriculture and non-agriculture will benefit farmers and agriculture at the national level. However, the increase in rural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16290

Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of the U.S.-Canadian Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Karemera,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23345

International Dairy Notes, June 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
U.S. Presence In World Dairy Markets Expanding Rapidly In 2007
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: World Dairy Market; U.S. Dairy Exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37683

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirsten,   Johann F.; Edwards,   Lawrence; Vink,   Nick.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48514

SUBSÍDIOS AMERICANOS E EXPORTAÇÕES BRASILEIRAS DE SUCO DE LARANJA: IDENTIFICAÇÃO EMPÍRICA DE ESTRATÉGIAS COMERCIAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costa,   Cassia Kely Favoretto; Maia,   Sinezio Fernandes; Sampaio,   Luciano Menezes Bezerra.
O Brasil e os Estados Unidos são considerados os principais participantes no mercado mundial do suco de laranja. O objetivo do paper é analisar a influência dos subsídios agrícolas americanos sobre as exportações do suco de laranja do Brasil, no período entre 1991 e 2006. O modelo teórico para estudar o comércio internacional foi proposto por Brander e Spencer, com enfoque de competição imperfeita incorporando a intervenção governamental. Na abordagem empírica, realizouse uma junção de modelos de séries temporais e de teoria dos jogos, como instrumentos para avaliar o efeito dos subsídios sobre as exportações do suco de laranja. Concluiu-se que a proteção americana prejudicou a capacidade exportadora do Brasil nesse período examinado. Como conclusão...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Complexo Suco de Laranja; Exportacoes; Modelos de Series Temporais; Teoria dos Jogos; Subsidios Agricolas; Orange Juice Complex; Exports; Models of Temporary Series; Games Theory; Agricultural Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106115

TRADE POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF EXPORT SUBSIDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leetmaa,   Susan E.; Krissoff,   Barry; Hartmann,   Monika.
The United States and the European Union both employ export subsidies to stimulate wheat trade and to increase their competitiveness in world markets.  The environmental consequences of these policies are being questioned.  We simulate reducing or removing export subsidies for wheat from the United States and the EU using a multicountry partial equilibrium model, and we analyze the impact of export subsidy policy reform on nitrogen fertilizer and other chemical use.  Our findings indicate that the U.S. EEP program cannot be blamed for environmental degradation in terms of nitrate leaching, while EU wheat subsides make only a small contribution to nitrate pollution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31403

European Chemical Policy and the United States: The Impacts of REACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Stanton,   Elizabeth A.; Massey,   Rachel.
The European Union is moving toward adoption of its new Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) policy, an innovative system of chemicals regulation that will provide crucial information on the safety profile of chemicals used in industry. Chemicals produced elsewhere, such as in the United States, and exported to Europe will have to meet the same standards as chemicals produced within the European Union. What is at stake for the U.S. is substantial: we estimate that chemical exports to Europe that are subject to REACH amount to about $14 billion per year, and are directly and indirectly responsible for 54,000 jobs. Revenues and employment of this magnitude dwarf the costs of compliance with REACH, which will amount to no more than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37242

TRADE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES IN THE NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raynauld,   Francoy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16939

Determinants of Red Meat Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Karemera,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23448

The Effect of Currency Crises on Foreign Direct Investment Activity in Emerging Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Mohamed M.
Despite the ample literature on currency crises, the effect of currency crises on foreign direct investment FDI activity has been largely unexamined. This paper tests the sensitivity of three measures of U.S. outbound non-bank FDI activity to currency crises in 21 emerging economies. The findings of this analysis suggest that contrary to the common perception, currency crises do not seem to have a negative effect on FDI activity in the crisis economy. Indeed, we find some evidence that currency crises may increase FDI activity in the affected country. These results underline the stable nature of FDI relative to other types of international capital flows and as a safer mode of financing for emerging economies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Currency crises; Multinational corporations; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; F21; F31.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50276

POLAND: THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN TRADE POLICY ON SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bochniarz,   Nika.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14158

The Effect of the U.S. Foreign Market Development Program on Import Demand for Shelled Peanuts in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boonsaeng,   Tullaya; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. Foreign Market Development (FMD) program on the European Union imported demand for shelled peanuts. We find that the FMD program had a positive effect on the EU demand for U.S. shelled peanuts. This result suggests that the information provided to manufactures through the FMD has helped to maintain U.S. peanuts in the EU markets. The marginal return per EURO dollars of U.S. export promotion expenditures on the FMD program is 277 EURO dollars for U.S. shelled peanuts.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor demand; Shelled peanuts; U.S. Foreign Market Development Program; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6735

Impact of Expanded United States Sugar Imports from CAFTA Countries on the Ethanol Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Parker,   S. Janine.
The need to decrease the United States’ dependency on oil has pushed ethanol to the forefront of energy sources. In the U.S., corn is used to make ethanol. Corn-based ethanol production has been profitable over the past few years, but there has been a near doubling of corn prices in late 2006 and early 2007 (Outlaw, et. al., 2007). The trend is a constant rise in prices, which has given way to ethanol production by other sources of raw materials like sugarcane. Sugarcane ethanol is the most cost-efficient biofuel available anywhere in the world, and in the United States, the government supports sugar prices. Through the US sugar policy, sugar prices are controlled, and foreign imports are severely limited. Brazil is leading the way in sugarcane ethanol,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Sugarcane; Sugar; CAFTA-DR; Alternative Fuels; Biofuels; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46027

Bilateral Harmonization of EC and U.S. Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mahe,   Louis Adrien Pascal; Tavera,   Christophe.
Agricultural policies in both Europe and the United States provide commodities with an excessively high and distorted pattern of support. The economic interdependencies of the policies give rise to adverse fiscal and economic costs, which are viewed as disharmonies in the existing policy measures both within and between the two regions. Unilateral and simultaneous EC and U.S. policy changes are simulated with an international trade model. They are carried in three steps: (1) grains and feeds, (2) beef and dairy, and (3) sugar. Both cross effects and own effects are examined on typical policy targets. Results suggest that while world prices are sometimes drastically altered, the magnitude of cross effects is small and sometimes ambiguous compared to own...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7457

Economic Impact of Foreign Exports on the Wisconsin Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.
Increasingly discussions of what can be done to improve Wisconsin’s economy look to international markets as a potential source of growth for Wisconsin goods and services. For the most recent available data Wisconsin’s exports amount to almost $22 billion annually, with the majority of that originating in manufacturing, especially from the production of industrial machinery. This level of foreign exports generates about 115,000 jobs and about $10.5 billion of total income for Wisconsin, with those figures capturing only the “direct” effects of exports and not the potential multiplier effects once the products are sold. In ten years’ time from 1996-97 to 2007-08 foreign exports from Wisconsin nearly doubled.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92893

The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to China's Export Performance: Evidence from Disaggregated Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gu,   Weishi; Awokuse,   Titus O.; Yuan,   Yan.
There has been a long debate in the theoretical and empirical economic circles on how host country's exports respond to inward foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper examines whether FDI stimulates export performance of the recipient countries using the case of China. It contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship of FDI and export performance using disaggregated manufacturing sectors from 1995 to 2005. The empirical results suggest that FDI flows into China have statistically significant and positive effects on its exports and it exhibits differences across sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export performance; Foreign direct investment; China; Panel data; International Relations/Trade; F21; F14; C33.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6453

AGRICULTURE, TRADE, AND REGIONALISM IN SOUTH ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeRosa,   Dean A.; Govindan,   Kumaresan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16370

Endogenizing Government Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; McCalla,   Alex F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50886

What Share of U.S. Consumed Food is Imported?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jerardo,   Andy.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124013

EU Trade Preferences for Moroccan Tomato Exports--Who Benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemnitz,   Christine; Grethe,   Harald.
The EU applies a complex system of preferences for tomato imports from Morocco. Quantities are fixed and serve as entry price quotas and tariff rate quotas at the same time. This paper provides empirical evidence of i) the existence of an economic rent under the EU preferential scheme for tomato imports from Morocco of about €24-36.5 mill. per year, and ii) the distribution of that rent. Due to the structure of the Moroccan export sector as well as the EU method of allocating import licenses, it is likely that a large part of the quota rent ends up at the Moroccan side and that a dissipation of the rent in physical rent-seeking activities is limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Morocco; Tomatoes; Trade preferences; Euro-Mediterranean Agreement; Tariff rate quota; Quota rent; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24686

Impact of the Euro Med Free-Exchange Agreement on the Agro-Food Firms in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben Youssef,   Meriem.
The Tunisian agro-food sector is characterized by the prevalence of small and middle-sized firms, which requires a restructuration to contribute to the development of the agriculture and deal with the processes of liberalisation of agro-food industry. After studying the association agreement between Tunisia and the European Union, we must say that the process of exchanges liberalisation of the agro-food products is conveyed by the operational strategies of the firms to research competitiveness by the control of the costs or the differentiation of the product. This obliges to interest us in exports like a crenel of development of the tunisian agro-food sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9443

New Zealand Wool Inside: A Discussion Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforte,   Daniel; Dunlop,   Samuel; Garnevska,   Elena.
The IFAMR is the Official Journal of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association: www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Wool; Ingredients marketing; Branding; Wool carpets; Case study; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114716

Attitudes towards Italian wine of practitioners in the Chinese distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchesini,   Sergio; Huliyeti,   Hasimu; Canavari,   Maurizio; Farneti,   Alessandro.
China’s economy has grown at an impressive rate after the integration into the global trading system (WTO) in 2001, a major turning point in the Chinese economic history. The opening policy has increased business opportunities for both local and foreign operators; however, in spite of the great appeal of such cooperation, many obstacles yet exist: language, culture, education, business practices, and industrial development. Food products supply and access to the market are mastered by a relatively small group of businessmen: international buyers, purchasing agents, retailers and representatives of large-scale distribution chains. The perception they have of a potential source country is a key factor for a successful market approach. The present study aims...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6930

Sino-U.S. and Sino-E.U. Textile Safeguard Agreements: Comparing the Effects to Free Market Conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.
The effects of Sino-US and Sino-EU safeguard agreements on US, China and world cotton and textile sectors are investigated using a partial equilibrium model. The effects are compared to a free trade scenario under the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC).  The two agreements capping Chinese textile exports would decrease China's textile and apparel exports, production and domestic consumption by an average 1.57 percent, 0.63 percent and, 0.32 percent respectively.  The safeguard agreements cause an increase in the U.S. cotton textile price index and a slight decrease in U.S. net textile imports and textile consumption.  The agreements cause a decrease in the world cotton price and the quantity of cotton traded, but these trends...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21117

Impediments to Marketing African Natural products From Ghana: Preliminary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Govindasamy,   Ramu; Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Puduri,   Venkata S.; Simon,   James E.; Asante-Dartey,   Juliana; Arthur,   Hanson; Diawuo,   Bismarck; Acquaye,   Dan.
For most of the African countries agriculture still remains the mainstay of the economies supplying both food and incomes via marketable surpluses. However, many odds against agriculture such low productivity, poor prices, and drought among others make it unsustainable. Results thus far show that such dependence has contributed little to neither economic development nor growth. Still many of its people living on and from agriculture remain poor, and are susceptible to hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, their over reliance on a few traditional exports such coffee, tea, and cocoa etc., products whose world prices keep declining has not helped either. At most this is futile response to raising incomes of its people, let alone spur any meaningful...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21293

Zöldség- és gyümölcs-nagykereskedelem Hollandiában
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jasso,   Katalin.
Hollandiában is a piacot a fogyasztók igényei irányítják. A hagyományos árutőzsde átalakult, nemcsak a termelők által behozott termékeket értékesítik, hanem más kereskedelmi tevékenységekkel is foglalkoznak. Ez az átalakulás létszükséglet, mert világviszonylatban a zöldség- és gyümölcsértékesítésben fontos szerepet játszik a túltermelés és a konkurencia. A nagykereskedelmi szektorban arra törekszenek, hogy a fogyasztók igényeit folyamatosan egész éven át kielégítsék, miközben a nagykereskedők költségei jelentősen megemelkedtek az EU-szabályozás miatt, mert a piacon maradáshoz fontos a környezetvédelmi, valamint az élelmiszer- és termékbiztonsággal kapcsolatos szabályok betartása. A termelőknek pedig bizonyítaniuk kell a törvényi előírásoknak való...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Zöldség; Gyümölcs; AGF értékesítés; Versenyhelyzet-elemzés; Trendek; Vegetables; Fruit; AGF selling; Competition analysis; Trends; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99141

Commercio elettronico per la dinamica delle catene agro-alimentari internazionali:  un’analisi del potenziale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritz,   Melanie; Canavari,   Maurizio; Cantore,   Nicola; Deiters,   Jivka; Pignatti,   Erika.
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is an innovative use of information and communication technologies and refers to the exchange of goods and related information between companies supported by Internet-based tools such as electronic marketplaces (also called electronic trade platforms) or online shops. It provides opportunities for cost-efficiency in supply chain management processes and access to new markets. With regard to the food sector with its chain levels input – agriculture – industry – retail – consumer, B2B e-commerce would take place in the exchange of food products between all levels except retail to consumer (business-to-consumer e-commerce). It is evident and widely known that B2B e-commerce brings key advantages and potentials for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: E-commerce; B2B transactions; Agri-food trade; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42891

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. PORK EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.
Environmental concerns linked to hog production are growing in the United States and the European Union and therefore new regulations controlling animal manure management are being imposed to address these concerns. This study determines that potential increases in U.S. environmental regulation would have minimal effects on the relative competitiveness of U.S. pork exports, while much more stringent EU regulation has the potential to significantly impact EU competitiveness and contribute to continued increases in U.S. pork export quantities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21808

THE INFLUENCE OF MARKET STRUCTURE ON THE IMPACTS OF DOMESTIC SUBSIDIES ON INTERNATIONAL COTTON MAREKTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.
This analysis uses a residual demand elasticity model to measure market power of the international cotton market. The results indicate that both china and U.S. dominate the cotton price with a higher market power in china compared to the U.S.  Those test results combined with a  partial equilibrium model of the international cotton market are used to study the welfare consequences of U.S. cotton subsidy policies for major cotton exporters under alternative assumptions about global market structure. The results indicate that the effects of U.S. subsidies on world cotton price are much smaller under monopsony and double power (with china as a monopsony and U.S. as a monopoly) market assumption than those under complete competitive market scenarios.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: U.S. Cotton Commodity Programs; Global Market Structure; International Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51196

A Tale of Three Countries: Italian, Spanish and Swiss Manufacturing Operations in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gattai,   Valeria.
In this paper we investigate the choice of FDI versus joint-venture, made by Italian, Spanish and Swiss multinationals in China, as shaped by the risk of Dissipation of Intangible Assets. Probit estimates, based on an entirely new firm-level dataset, constructed by the author, show that FDI is more likely to emerge when know-how easily spills over - namely for firms endowed with more Intangible Assets or belonging to high tech sectors -  in line with the theoretical expectations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12104

A Dynamic CGE Model: An Application of R&amp;D- Based Endogenous Growth Model Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
An R&amp;D based endogenous growth - applied general equilibrium model is developed from an underlying analytical model which combines Romer's capital variety with Grossman and Helpman's multi-sector open economy model. The transitional dynamics of the analytical model are derived. For numerical implementation, a time discrete empirical model, with an Armington structure, is fit to East Asian data of the social accounting matrix variety. Simulations of trade reform are performed and their static and dynamic effects compared. The transition paths of the state variables are found to have a half-life of five to six periods. A solution of the Social Planner's problem, and interventions which seek to obtain this outcome from the decentralized model are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Applied General Equilibrium; Trade; Growth; International Relations/Trade; F11; 031; 041.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7461

Quality Signaling and International Trade in Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Gozlan,   Estelle; Marette,   Stephan.
Focusing on the issue of food safety, we consider a framework of repeated purchases under the scenario of imperfect information on product quality (adverse selection and experience goods). A firm in a northern country can more easily detect tainted products than can a southern one. When imports are banned, the northern firm does not always signal the actual quality of its products. Competition from imports may lead the northern firm to test the quality of its products as a way to differentiate itself from foreign competitors. Consumers benefit from the disclosure of information on quality, even though borders are open to products of uncertain quality. However, competition from imports also increases the cost of signaling high quality. This can be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adverse selection; North-south trade; Signaling; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18636

Food Safety and International Trade: Theoretical Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Lorraine.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33599

Science-based Rules of Trade:  A Mantra for Some, An Anathema for Others
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The concept of science-based rules for the establishment of trade barriers was a new development that arose from the Uruguay Round. It is an attempt to de-politicise decision making in the complex areas of human, animal and plant health as well as aspects relating to the environment. In the short time it has been in operation it has become a mantra for some but an anathema to others with an interest in trade policy. It is now at the heart of a major trade dispute between the EU and the United States over trade in the products of biotechnology. The paper discusses the controversies relating to the science-based system and provides suggestions to improve its efficacy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Independence; Precautionary principle; Science-based; Scientific consensus; SPS; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23883

DISCUSSION: IMPACTS OF CONTEMPORARY POLICY CHANGES ON STRUCTURE, EFFICIENCY, AND TRADING RELATIONSHIPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blakeslee,   Bill.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16970

A METHOD FOR MEASURING RETURNS TO NONPRICE EXPORT PROMOTION WITH APPLICATION TO ALMONDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.; Christian,   Jason E.
A formula is derived to indicate the marginal returns to nonprice promotion for a competitive industry that promotes in both the domestic and the export market and receives a subsidy for export promotion. Private returns to export promotion are an increasing function of the export promotion elasticity, the export share, and the promotion subsidy and a decreasing function of the domestic supply elasticity, the absolute values of the domestic and export demand elasticities, and opportunity cost. Applying the formula to almond promotion and using previously estimated elasticities, no firm conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of export promotion, chiefly because the estimated promotion elasticities are unstable. Assuming that the domestic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31016

Post-Moratorium EU Regulation of Genetically Modified Products: Triffid Flax
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Yeung,   May T.; Kerr,   William A.
Until there is a successful challenge at the WTO, the EU policy on LLP is likely to remain in place. Under this policy, there is a zero tolerance level for GM material that has not received EU authorization. Zero tolerance, however, has to be operationalized – what does an exporting country have to do to prove it is in compliance with zero tolerance? The Protocol on Triffid flax was formally proposed by the Canadian flax industry, not the Canadian government, and accepted by the European Commission. It entails an extensive and costly testing regime all along the flaxseed supply chain. Canadian exports of flaxseed have resumed to the EU. The Protocol provides sufficient transparency for firms to be willing to engage in international transactions. This...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: GMO; EU; Triffid; NTB; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122742

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Central and Eastern Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48385

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CN TRADE RELATIONS FORUM ON FOREST PRODUCT MARKETS, UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, APRIL 16, 2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Proceedings based on a talk given by Ted Helvoigt, mainly PowerPoints
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Lumber; Pulp; Paper; Print; Canada; Alberta; British Colombia; Industry performance; Resource development; Product markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60432

A Descriptive Analysis of Canada and Mexico Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15697

IMPACTS OF LARGE SCALE EXPANSION OF BIOFUELS ON GLOBAL POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Timilsina,   Govinda R.; Mevel,   Simon.
This paper analyzes the impact of expansion in biofuels on the global economy, income distribution and poverty. It utilizes simulation results of two World Bank models: a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model integrated with biofuels, land-use, and climate change modules, and a global income distribution model that utilizes household survey data of 116 countries. The first model simulates the effects over time of large scale expansion of biofuels on resource allocation, output prices, commodity prices, factor prices, and household income of the different countries and regions in the world. The second model uses these results recursively to calculate the impact on global income distribution and poverty. The results from the CGE model indicate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91279

Import Demand for Quality in the Japanese Beef Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miljkovic,   Dragan; Jin,   Hyun Joung.
The case of reduction in ad valorem tariffs as a trade liberalization policy is considered in this article. It is shown that the reduction leads to a higher quality of imports, ceteris paribus. This hypothesis was tested on the case of Japanese beef imports from the United States and Australia. U.S. beef, according to the results of Gallup surveys, is considered by Japanese consumers to be a high quality product, while Australian beef is considered to be a low quality product. Empirical results support the hypothesis. Moreover, the recent domination of U.S. beef in the Japanese market is further explained by increasingly more efficient U.S. beef production relative to Australian production and a strong income effect, where an increase in per capita income...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ad valorem tariff; Beef imports; Japan; Quality; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10222

IMPACT OF MEAT IMPORTS ON LEAST-COST UNITED STATES BEEF PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Kenneth E.; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.; Sullivan,   Gregory M.; Crom,   Richard J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30438

How Much Will Trade Liberalization Help the Poor? Comparing Global Trade Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine.
The world community and international institutions have made development and poverty alleviation a high priority. The Millennium Development Goals, fixed by the United Nations for 2015, call for halving the number of people living on less than a dollar a day. With this goal in mind, the international community is calling current global trade negotiations, conducted by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Doha Development Agenda. Trade liberalization is expected to act positively on development and poverty reduction. The recent empirical literature identifies several key linkages through which trade liberalization affects development: the price and availability of goods, factor prices, government transfers, incentives for investment and innovation, terms...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42453

CAN A SMALL AGRICULTURAL PROCESSOR COMPETE GLOBALLY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nugent,   Don.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33469

MEASURING MARKET INTEGRATION IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bolling,   H. Christine.
The increased level of market integration in the processed food industry through trade, foreign direct investment, and the expanded use of intellectual property rights are an observed phenomenon of the past three decades.  Measurement of market integration is problematic, and the role of FDI in market integration has not been adequately taken into consideration.  This study measures the growth in the market shares of multinationals in selected countries and industries to indicate the degree of market integration. We also employ a market share convergence type model to estimate whether the market shares of the multinationals and domestically owned firms in key markets have converged to some steady state during the years 1991 to 2003.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Processed food industry; Global integration; Market shares; Argentina; Brazil; U.S.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20269

The logic of the CAP: Politics or Economics?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Christian H.C.A.; Struve,   Carsten; Brockmeier,   Martina.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48639

Why Governments Tax or Subsidize Trade: Evidence from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gawande,   Kishore; Hoekman,   Bernard.
This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. We use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports. We find that both economic and political variables play important roles in determining the within-variation in the NRA data. Based on our results we offer a number of data-driven exploratory hypotheses that can inform future theoretical and empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy of trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50300

KNOWLEDGE GAPS FACING SMALLER FIRMS IN INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT MARKETING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruppel,   Fred J.
Knowledge gaps facing smaller firms in the U.S. food processing and distribution industries are discussed in the context of export decisions which these firms must make. The paper focuses on resources available for export assistance to smaller firms. It is argued that much of the assistance available to smaller firms is targeted to logistical problems facing all exporting firms. Less help is available as firms seek assistance in specific market research and product promotion. It is in these areas that land grant universities and federally funded Centers may be the most helpful resources available to smaller firms considering international marketing activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27907

Are Agri-Food Trade Issues Changing?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina.
Agriculture has been one of the least successful aspects of the WTO negotiations, and it was no surprise that the Doha Development Round collapsed in July 2008 over issues pertaining to agricultural trade. The current agenda for negotiations is focused on the three pillars (market access, export subsidies and domestic support) that were established during the Uruguay Round. However, new trade issues have come to the fore and need to be addressed in future WTO negotiations. This special edition of the Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy focuses on different aspects of these new trade issues and represents one step in understanding the dynamics of the global market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO; Doha Development Round; Three pillars; New trade issues; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90584

Folyami hajózás és a magyarországi gabonaexport
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szilvassy,   Zoltan.
Az árutermelésre áttért mezőgazdaság közel másfél évszázada alatt bebizonyosodott, hogy a megtermelt terményfelesleg az ország gazdaságföldrajzi „bezártsága” miatt nem versenyképes a tengeri kijutással rendelkező országok gabonájával szemben. Atengeri kikötőhöz vezető olcsó vízi utat máig sem sikerült megteremteni, és a magyar gabona jelenleg is csak a világpiaci árnál alacsonyabb áron értékesíthető. Afolyók vízjárástól független hajózhatósága azok belépcsőzésével valósítható meg.  -------------------------------------------  Over the one and a half centuries since agriculture shifted from self-sufficiency to producing marketable goods, it has been proven that the surplus produce – due to the country’s geographical isolation – cannot compete against the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gazdaságföldrajz; Bezártság; Belvízi hajózás; Vízlépcsők; Eco-geography; Isolation; Inland navigation; Weirs; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92479

Limited Cooperation in International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
Governments' desire to ameliorate environmental problems may conflict with other goals. Policy levels which balance different objectives can be altered by policy changes in other countries. A decrease in the importance of the pollution problem, or an increase in its global extent, increase the likelihood that tighter environmental regulations in one region induce laxer policies elsewhere. The transboundary character and the importance of environmental externalities also affect the amount of cooperation needed to improve members' welfare in a coalition. More global pollution problems require a larger coalition. However, the critical coalition size may be larger or smaller for more severe problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Limited cooperation; International environmental agreements; Strategic complements and substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; H21; L13; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6286

STATE TRADING IN AGRICULTURE: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixit,   Praveen M.; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper highlights some of the recent concerns regarding agricultural state trading enterprises (STEs) and proposes an analytical framework to examine the trade impacts of such entities.  Issues associated with discriminatory pricing, exclusive rights to sell and purchase commodities, and unfair competitive advantage vis-a-vis private traders are expected to be major concerns on the export side, while on the import side, the relevance of tariffication in the presence of STEs is being questioned.  Our paper proposes that, in most instances, tariff equivalents are the most relevant methodology to quantify the trade impacts of agricultural STEs.  But, obtaining  empirical information that would enable the calculation of such measures is not an easy task....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14608

Die Märkte für Getreide und Ölfrüchte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kersten,   Lutz.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97421

DERIVED FEED DEMAND FOR EGYPT'S POULTRY AND EGG SECTOR TO 2010--POLICIES AND IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taha,   Fawzi A.
Egypt's derived feed demand for poultry and eggs and its dependency on world feed markets was econometrically projected to 2010.  Results reveal a poultry industry as highly dependent on imports, where dependency rate will approach 100 percent for soybeans and 48 percent for yellow corn in 2010.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34680

A Framework for Estimating U.S. WTO Domestic Support to 2015
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Jose.
The framework allows comprehensive and consistent measurement and classification of U.S. domestic support to 2015 under different assumptions. Projections of future U.S. domestic support patterns are made with estimates published in the USDA Agricultural Baseline Projections. We also use information from the OECD, FAPRI, NASS, and our own estimates. We present key elements and an overview of our analytical framework, assumptions of a baseline scenario, and some analytical results and observations arising from our analysis. The baseline scenario extends the classification of programs in WTO notifications to 2015. The framework consists of 65 spreadsheets, which are grouped into 4 analytical stages: calculation of program estimates by commodity; calculation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; AMS; De minimis; Domestic support; WTO; Framework; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q1; Q17; Q18; F13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25412

ANALYSIS OF IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. FRESH GRAPES: AN APPLICATION OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Davis,   Christopher G.; Olorunnipa,   Zacch.
The Rotterdam model was used to determine the demand for fresh table grapes in Canada, Japan, and Sweden from 1971-1990.  Results of elastic expenditure elasticities and cross price elasticities indicating that U.S. grapes are considered substitutes for grapes from other countries, suggest that the U.S. grape producers have a competitive edge in these countries.  The trade agreements and trade negotiations with Canada and Japan will assist in making relative prices lower for U.S. grapes, encouraging their consumption.  Lastly, Canada, Japan, and Sweden are all expected to grow in wealth, as well as their demand for fruit, especially grapes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11617

Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Adcock,   Flynn J.
This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; NAFTA; Panel data; Tariffs; Trade creation; Trade diversion; International Relations/Trade; F10; F15; Q17; Q18; C31; C33.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6618

Der Markt für Getreide und Ölfrüchte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schumacher,   Klaus-Dieter; Striewe,   Ludwig.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97198

EUROPEAN UNION COTTON DEMAND: AN APPLICATION OF DEMAND SYSTEMS AND PANEL DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Jose Antonio; Malaga,   Jaime E.
A demand system approach incorporating demographic variables is used to estimate the European Union cotton demand parameters. The European Union is the largest cotton importer of the world. Accurate estimation of European demand parameters is critical to evaluate world cotton trends and to realistically simulate future market scenarios. Unlike previous studies, this paper reports a research in which demands of the 15 European Union members are not aggregated. Moreover, unlike available estimations, the study does not use mill consumption data but cotton equivalent consumption at home.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34660

Improving Transportation Infrastructure in Brazil: An Analysis Using Spatial Equilibrium Model on the World Soybean Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costa,   Rafael F.; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9820

IS "GETTING THE PRICES RIGHT" ALWAYS RIGHT? HOW TRADE LIBERALIZATION CAN FAIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaitan,   Beatriz; Pavel,   Ferdinand.
We present a general equilibrium model with oligopsonistic market structure in one of the sectors.  Buyers of inputs can set the price of inputs by being involved in rent seeking activities.  The framework developed is applied to the Bulgarian economy in particular to the agro-food chain.  From the application to the Bulgarian economy we find that if there are market imperfections, such as oligopsonistic behavior in the economy, there are no significant welfare gains from free trade.  Significant welfare gains from trade are observed only when a competitive structure prevails.  We show that eliminating this market imperfection can bring important welfare implications and an efficient reallocation of resources.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12970

Ruffled Feathers: Tariff Rate Quotas and Voluntary Export Agreements in U.S.-Mexican Poultry Meat Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velasquez,   Sonia; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Houston,   Jack E.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) opened up trade opportunities between the U.S. and Mexico in poultry products. Mexico agreed to reduce tariffs on agricultural products over the adjustment period and eliminate non-tariff barriers. As the phase-in of the NAFTA liberalizations reached completion, safeguard measures were instituted to protect Mexican producers from dumping or import surges and consumers from unsafe foods.  Under NAFTA, tariffs on poultry meat imported into Mexico fell from 260% in 1993 to zero in 2003. Imports surged and Mexican poultry producers petitioned for protection. In July 2003, Mexico imposed a bilateral safeguard measure in the form of an annual TRQ on chicken leg quarters to protect local producers for five years....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Voluntary export agreements; TRQs; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade; F140.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50550

The competitiveness situation of the EU meat processing and beverage manufacturing sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian; Schornberg,   Sebastian.
The status of competitiveness for the two most important food and beverage manufacturing sector s (meat processing and beverage manufacturing) in 13 EU countries is analysed empirically, using 1995 - 2002 Eurostat data. After a review of earlier agribusiness competitiveness studies an industial competitiveness index is proposed as a composite measure for multidimensional economic performance, covering profitability, productivity and output growth. The index approach enables relative competitiveness comparisons across industries, countries and over time. The results show that during 1999 - 2002 as compared to 1995 - 1998 for both sectors overall competitiveness in real terms slightly increased. At the same time, overall competitiveness seems to also have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: European Union; Competitiveness; Meat processing; Beverage manufacturing; Index; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F23; L66; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10028

U.S. Cooperatives and the Potential for Grain Exports to Eastern Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bunker,   Arvin R.; Jones,   James R.
Cooperatives are major participants in grain production and marketing in the United States and Soviet Bloc countries. U.S. cooperatives, for example, receive more than 40 percent of off-farm grain sales, while cooperatives in most Soviet Bloc countries account for more than two-thirds of grain production. Despite this heavy involvement, trade between cooperatives in these regions is nil. U.S. cooperative exports to Soviet Bloc import organizations are also limited. Import decision making in Soviet Bloc countries is described and buyers’ concerns are evaluated against exports services offered by U.S. cooperatives. Exports to Soviet Bloc countries by U.S. cooperatives will remain limited unless cooperatives offer delivered sales, bids on large tenders, and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46271

A Trade Regime for Sub-National Exports Under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.; Kerr,   William A.; Barichello,   Richard R.
Regulations relating to disease management have traditionally been an important component of the overall environment in which international trade in agriculture products occurs. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) allows members to restrict or prohibit imports from a country when imported products present a risk to human, animal or plant health or life. As the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also commonly called Mad Cow disease in the media) outbreak in Canada showed, the disease status of a country is a major competitive advantage and losing disease-free status can impose significant costs on an industry. The risks associated with SPS-based border closures were not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24166

Az agrár-külkereskedelem versenyképességének vizsgálata CMS-modellekkel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poor,   Judit.
A tanulmány célja, hogy az agrár-külkereskedelem versenyképességének vizsgálatára a nemzetközi szakirodalmakban alkalmazott három CMS-modellt bemutassa, kiemelve hasonlóságaikat és különbözőségeiket. Az egyes modellek az exportnövekmény mögött alapvetően a referenciapiac növekedésének, a termék-, valamint piacösszetétel módosulásának, illetve a versenyképességet jelző termék- és célország-szintű részesedések változásának hatását vizsgálják. ------------------------------------------------------------- This paper aims to introduce three CMS models used in the international literature to examine the competitiveness of agricultural foreign trade, highlighting their similarities and differences. Essentially, each model examines the growth of the reference...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrár-külkereskedelem; Versenyképesség; CMS-modell; Agricultural foreign trade; Competitiveness; CMS model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99177

FUTURE COMPETITIVENESS OF CEEC PACKAGED FOOD &amp; BEVERAGE MANUFACTURERS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nugent,   Anne.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33198

Structural Change in a Food Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ng,   Desmond W.
As changes in modern agribusiness markets have placed increasing emphasis to the study of structural change processes, this research advances an agent based model to examine transitions from a spot market exchange to a vertically coordinated arrangement in a supply chain system. This agent base simulation model draws from the subjective theme of Austrian entrepreneurship, behavioral theories of the firm and social networks. The results of this agent based simulation model indicate that structural change occurs with market structures that facilitate information transmission rather than from incentive based contractual arrangements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agent based models; Structural change; Austrian economics; And social networks; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Q10; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53643

AJAE Appendix: Pareto Optimal Trade in an Uncertain World: GMOs and the Precautionary Principle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambers,   Robert G.; Melkonyan,   Tigran A.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, May 2007, Volume 89, Issue 2.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7417

Assessing the Impact of Trade Policy Changes: Does Market Structure Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; Scoppola,   Margherita.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114222

Russia’s cereal markets: current trends, changes in net-trade position, and policy implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muller,   Marc; Wehrheim,   Peter.
This paper provides an overview of the most recent developments on Russian cereal markets. A review of annual statistics on domestic production, trade, consumption, and storage of cereals reveals that the improvement in Russia’s net trade position cannot only be explained by increased productivity of grain producers. Exhausted storage capacities and lowered real trade costs after the devaluation of the Russian rouble in 1998 seem to have contributed to these developments. A computable general equilibrium model for Russia based on 1999 data was used for analyzing various economic developments and policy changes. The model simulations show that market protection in the short run, when the flexibility of labor and capital is restricted, may benefit Russian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Russia; Agriculture; Cereals; Trade; General Equilibrium Analysis; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97439

AGRICULTURE IN THE URUGUAY ROUND: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ingersent,   Ken A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13787

Relaciones financieras internacionales y estabilización: una propuesta para el manejo de la deuda externa peruana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larrain,   Felipe; Sachs,   Jeffrey.
El documento plantea estrategia para el tratamiento progresivo de la deuda externa, sustentada en el reconocimiento de que, en las actuales condiciones, la deuda peruana con el sistema financiero internacional es impagable, por lo cual resulta imprescindible reducirla a un 50% de su valor nominal. La propuesta está enmarcada en el programa de estabilización elaborado en GRADE por un equipo de profesionales que incluyó a los autores.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deuda externa; External debt; Peru; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; F34.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42263

The Environmental Impacts of Trade Liberalization: A Quantitative Analysis for the United States Using TEAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Creason,   Jared R.; Fisher,   Michael; Semenova,   Svetlana; Stone,   Susan F.
A highly disaggregated emissions factor model is presented. The model generates changes in emissions and resource use by state and 6-digit NAICS sector. Removal of all U.S. import restrictions is examined. Results for agriculture show that composition effects explain highly varied regional patterns of emission changes. Scale effects are also important for expanding sectors. Quantitative assessments such as this may prove useful in conducting full environmental reviews of U.S. trade agreements consistent with Executive Order 13141 and the Free Trade Act of 2002.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Emissions; Input-output; Residuals; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10198

Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shadlen,   Ken.
Global governance in intellectual property (IP) has changed dramatically in the last two decades, and these changes have profound - and worrying - implications for late development. What was once principally an instrument of national policy is now increasingly subject to international disciplines, as the world moves ever-closer to harmonization in the area of IP management. But moving toward harmonization and achieving harmonization are different matters, and it is essential to keep in mind that the former and not the latter describes contemporary arrangements: the trend is toward a reduction in policy space, a feature that many scholars and activists point to with great concern (Gallagher, 2005), but the outcome remains one where countries retain space...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15577

ENVIRONMENTALLY ADJUSTED MEASURES OF GAINS FROM TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF U.S. CORN PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Intarapapong,   Walaiporn; Peterson,   E. Wesley F.
An econometric model of the U.S. corn sector is used to estimate the welfare effects of the Uruguay Round Agreement.  Trade liberalization also leads to changes in input use that can affect the environment.  The gains from trade liberalization are adjusted for the environmental effects caused by these changes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20914

THE AUSTRALIAN POLICY OF TARIFF PROTECTION AND PRIMARY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reitsma,   A.J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22853

CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION: CONFLICTS WITH DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colby,   Hunter; Diao,   Xinshen; Tuan,   Francis C.
This analysis examines the implications of WTO accession for China’s domestic policies and institutions by identifying some of Chinese agricultural policies and institutional arrangements that may generate conflicts with WTO requirements and analyzing the nature and extent of the conflict that may be introduced by WTO accession. We differentiate three alternative ways that China’s current domestic policy or institutions may conflict with or be incompatible with WTO accession: (1) the domestic policy or institution is expressly prohibited by WTO rules and principles; (2) the changes required by WTO accession impose additional costs on the government such that the existing policy or institutions are difficult to sustain; and (3) the changes required for WTO...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16269

PRICE LINKAGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL WHEAT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghoshray,   Atanu; Lloyd,   Tim A.
This paper brings time series techniques to bear on the relationships between the prices of the principal types of wheat traded internationally.  In all, the relationships between eleven wheat prices (categorised by wheat quality, harvest date and port of despatch) are scrutinised to uncover the structure of the wheat market implicit in the behaviour its prices reveal.  The statistical evidence supports the notion of a highly integrated market that is segmented according to wheat strength-the principal determinant of end-use.  Three segments are identified: a market for 'strong' (bread-making) wheat, another for 'weak' (confectionary products-making) wheat and a third for medium strength wheat suitable for unleavened breads and noodles.  Whilst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat market; Price linkages; Irreducible cointegration vectors; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25852

National Policies and the Limits of International Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerber,   James.
In spite of the rapid growth of merchandise trade since the end of World War II, the world economy is far from integrated. Services trade, capital flows, population migration, and price differences demonstrate far more scope for international economic integration. Even among nations with preferential trade agreements, networks of merchandise trade relations are far denser intra-nationally than internationally. The absence of goods trade predicted by trade models when nations have few policy barriers implies that crossing national boundaries is a significant indicator of increased transaction costs. These patterns have caused the world trade agenda to examine some unintended trade restrictions which make up a part of national domestic policies. This focus...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Deeper integration; Free trade; Heckscher-Ohlin model; Integration; Trade barriers; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23829

ANALYZING VERTICAL MARKET STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve; Wang,   Humei.
A model is developed to characterize the vertically linked and concentrated nature of developed country food markets. This model is then parameterized and used to simulate the effects of varying food market structures on the benefits to developing country exporters of agricultural commodities from trade liberalization by developed countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20060

COMPETING IN GLOBAL MARKETS FOR PROCESSED PRODUCTS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarty,   Sarah A.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33526

Triggers, Remedies, and Tariff Cuts: Assessing the Impact of a Special Safeguard Mechanism for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Meilke,   Karl D.
The WTO negotiations broke down on July 30th, 2008 because members could not bridge their differences over the operation of a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM). This article evaluates the latest SSM proposal using the world wheat market as our case study. Whether low-income WTO members should be allowed to breach their pre-Doha bound tariffs is a key element of our analysis. The SSM leads to sizeable additional duties but is not very trade distorting, even when pre-Doha bound rates are breached. Moreover, the extent to which low-income countries should be allowed to exceed pre-Doha bound rates depends heavily on the product under consideration, the ambition of the tariff cutting exercise, and the gap between members’ bound and applied tariffs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Doha Development Agenda; July Package; Special Safeguard Mechanism; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50103

Analyzing Drivers of World Food Prices: Weather, Growth, and Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Kaye-Blake,   William; Cagatay,   Selim.
The recent rise of food cost in world markets has accelerated the research examining the underlying factors for this rise. The present research investigated the separate and combined impacts of three factors thought to contribute to the price rise: adverse weather events, strong and sustained growth in high populated countries, and increased biofuels production. The research further analysed the effects of these price rises on consumption expenditures in Brazil, China and India. Analyses were carried out using a partial equilibrium trade model with a focus on the 2004 to 2007 period. The modelling suggests that the most important factor behind the price rise depends on the commodity, with maize/corn, oilseeds, and sugar most affected by biofuels, while...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Partial equilibrium model; Biofuel; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51460

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE WTO FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
The 147 members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached an agreement July 31, 2004, on the framework for the final phase of the Doha Development Agenda of global trade talks. After failing to reach such an agreement at the Cancun ministerial meeting in September, 2003, this framework agreement puts the Doha Round back on-track. Negotiations on the details will begin in September 2004. The original deadline to complete talks by January 1, 2005, has been postponed, and the next WTO Ministerial Conference will be held in Hong Kong in December 2005, at which point the talks could near their conclusion.  The objective of this report is to analyze the potential impact of the framework agreement on U.S. agriculture. Most of the details of the agreement have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23074

Alternative Approaches in Estimating the Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures: Results from Newly Quantified Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andriamananjara,   Soamiely; Ferrantino,   Michael J.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
This paper introduces a set of new estimates of NTM price gaps in a standard simulation model and studies the economic effects of their removal. The economic impact of removing the NTMs on footwear, wearing apparel, and processed foods are estimated and discussed using three different techniques (tariff equivalent, export tax equivalent and sand-in-the-wheels). For all of the considered sectors, NTM liberalization leads to a large increase in world trade, and an improved global welfare. Most of the gains from the elimination of NTMs accrue to the liberalizing regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15872

Assessing the Impacts of the Chinese TRQ System and U.S. Subsidies on the World Cotton Market: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Ethridge,   Don E.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Assessing the Impacts of the Chinese TRQ System and U.S. Subsidies on the World Cotton Market" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23884

Perspectives on Global Concentration and Public Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
This paper is an essay in political economy. It defines globalization and discusses its key role in economic development over the past two centuries as well as today. Globalization may have broadened markets, thereby affecting the nature of competition within those larger markets, or it may have simply introduced more trade or foreign direct investment to existing markets. One conclusion is that there is no global market for high value food, or for any particular high value food. To date the impacts of multinational firms in political forums at the state, regional or national as well as the global level have been in many instances as important as their impacts on economic markets. Issues and concerns discussed range from general observations on governance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25206

THE NEXT MILLENIUM ROUND OF WORLD TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: AGRICULTURAL ISSUES AT STAKE AND STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steenkamp,   E.
The next Round of multilateral negotiations is due to commence in 1999. Countries have already learned a lot from the shortcomings of the previous agricultural negotiations in the implementation of the agriculture negotiations and in the Analysis and Information Exchange meetings since 1997. The ministerial meeting of developed countries (OECD), has revealed that their future development of agricultural policy has changed little as a result of policy changes in the 1990s. In the next Round the EU is expected to be mainly on the defensive to try and maintain subsidy provisions. The main players that are expected to fuel the upcoming negotiations are the Cairns Group of agricultural export countries as well as the United States. The main task of reformers...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54886

U.S. Citrus Import Demand: Seasonality and Substitution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baldwin,   Katherine L.; Jones,   Keithly G.
Citrus fruits make up one-fifth of all fresh fruit consumed in the United States. Given the increasing importance of imported citrus in the diet of American consumers, it is perhaps surprising that no import demand analysis of U.S. citrus has been conducted. Using quarterly U.S. import data for six citrus commodities, we employed a demand systems model and evaluated aspects of seasonality. The results suggest wide variations in price responses to different types of imported citrus. The average amplitude and phase shift suggest that all citrus fruits exhibit some seasonality in their imports, likely a result of peak harvesting schedules of exporters.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fresh citrus; Oranges; Limes; Lemons; Grapefruit; Mandarins; Import demand; Seasonality; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119741

Life After DOHA The Geneva Mix: Multilateral and Regional Trade Liberalization (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weekes,   John M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45714

PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS: IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skripnitchenko,   Anatoliy; Beladi,   Hamid; Koo,   Won W.
In this article, we focus on the effects of preferential trade arrangements on agricultural trade and agricultural income.  Given the large number of preferential trade arrangements and complex interactions among them, we attempt to discover whether preferential trade arrangements are beneficial to agricultural trade and income, and are an effective tool to liberalize agricultural trade.  The findings suggest that preferential trade arrangements with some exceptions tend to expand agricultural trade and improve agricultural income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Agricultural income; Gravity model; Preferential trade agreement; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23555

IMPACT OF NAFTA ON U.S. CORN TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   A.A. Farhad; Allen,   Albert J.
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of NAFTA vis-a-vis other domestic and environmental forces in corn trading between U.S. and Mexico, and between U.S. and Canada.  Pre- and Post-NAFTA comarison indicates that there has been a significant increase in corn trade in the post-NAFTA era.  Regression analysis could not provide conclusive evidence that such increase was solely due to NAFTA.  Economic crisis of severe drought in Mexico, domestic policy reforms such as cut in government's price support and withdrawal of ban on feeding corn to livestock may have contributed in the increased volume of corn trade in the post-NAFTA era.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35113

Labor-Intensive U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry Competes in a Global Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calvin,   Linda; Martin,   Philip L.
The U.S. fruit and vegetable industry is labor intensive, pays higher wages than are paid in many other countries, and increasingly operates in a global economy. U.S. fruit and vegetable farms rely on seasonal workers who are likely to be unauthorized immigrants; any future immigration reform could reduce the supply of labor or raise wages. Fruit and vegetable growers may respond to any potential wage increases by reducing the number of seasonal workers employed, adopting mechanized harvesters or other labor-saving technologies in the field, or reducing production.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121429

The Agrarian Trade Transformation in the Visegrad Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qineti,   Artan; Smutka,   Lubos.
This paper identifies and analyzes the changes that have occurred in terms of territorial and commodity structure of agrarian trade (exports) of countries of the Visegrad Group (or V4 -i.e. Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia) in the period 1993-2008. In terms of methodological approaches, the analysis is divided into several parts dealing with the development of the agrarian trade of the Visegrad Group in terms of commodity and territorial structure, as well as from the perspective of the sensitivity of agrarian trade (exports) to the changing economic environment. The paper concludes that in recent years, both the value and volume of V4 export and import operations increased significantly. In the case of exports, individual countries have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrarian Trade; Visegrad Countries; European Union.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114781

Russia's Surge in Agricultural Imports Comes to a Halt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Liefert,   Olga; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124163

Effect of NAFTA on Mexico's Income Distribution in the Presence of Migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garduno-Rivera,   Rafael.
This paper asks how NAFTA affected income distribution within Mexico considering changes in internal migration. Trade liberalization should theoretically increase the income of low-skilled workers in low-skilled labor-abundant developing countries. Thus, by increasing the wages of poorer workers, one might expect that trade will decrease income disparity. However, anecdotal evidence indicates that NAFTA increased the gap between rich and poor in Mexico. Understanding the distributional effects of NAFTA on regional income is particularly important in countries with high levels of geographic inequality, such as Mexico. Because trade may affect wages differently across regions within the country, accurate trade welfare measures must incorporate intra-national...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income Distribution; Regional Disparities; Trade Liberalization; Internal-Migration; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61895

Firm's Intangible Assets and Multinational Activity: Joint-Venture Versus FDI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gattai,   Valeria.
This paper provides a theoretical formalisation of the joint-venture contract, as an alternative to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), within a Dissipation of Intangible Assets framework. In a two-period, two-country equilibrium model, we discuss how the threat of knowledge spillover shapes the boundaries of a Multinational Enterprise. Similarly to the theoretical findings on the FDI-licensing trade off, we show that Foreign Direct Investment is more likely to emerge when know-how easily spills over - i.e. when firms are endowed with more intangible assets or they belong to high tech industries. Probit estimates, from an entirely new firm-level dataset, constructed by the author, show that the experience of Italian multinationals in Asia is in line with our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12081

Trade Complexity and Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Altomonte,   Carlo; Bekes,   Gabor.
We exploit a panel dataset of Hungarian firms merged with product-level trade data for the period 1992-2003 to investigate the relation between firms' trading activities (importing, exporting or both) and productivity. We find important self-selection effects of the most productive firms induced by the existence of heterogeneous sunk costs of trade, for both importers and exporters. We relate these sunk costs of trade to the relationship-specific nature of the trade activities, entailing a certain degree of technological and organizational complexity. We also show that, to the extent that imports and exports are correlated within firms, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated average productivity premia of exporters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Firms' Heterogeneity; Productivity; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; L25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54170

Options for Supply Management in Canada with Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Meilke,   Karl D.
Following the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations Canada replaced its import quotas on sensitive products with tariff rate quotas. The over-quota tariffs on those products operating under domestic supply management schemes (dairy and poultry products) ranged from a low of 155 percent on turkey to a high of 299 percent on butter. These tariffs have effectively blocked over quota imports and are likely to continue to prevent imports, under most market conditions, given the likely range of tariff cuts proposed for sensitive products following a successful completion of the Doha Round. However, it’s argued that tariff cuts in the post-Doha Round will severely limit Canada’s ability to restrict imports and it is important to use the next 15 years to better...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Trade liberalization; Supply management; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6124

The Doha Agenda and Agricultural Trade Reform: The Role of Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   William J.; Anderson,   Kym.
This paper shows that research on international agricultural trade reform can make much greater contributions to understanding than was feasible in earlier trade negotiations. Part of this is due to improvements in the basic data on production, consumption and trade associated with the development of the GTAP database and part due to the greater availability of disaggregated data on applied and bound rates of protection. Unfortunately, the framework in which we operate means that we are reduced to measuring gains that are substantially less than one percent of GDP. New developments in theory and method provide the potential for our quantitative analysis to be improved in at least six areas, including improvements in: the measurement of protection;...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade negotiations; Multilateral; Agricultural trade; Welfare evaluation; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; F11; F12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25628

THE CONTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTIVITY LINKAGES TO THE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Itakura,   Ken; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.
Applied general equilibrium (AGE) analysis is often found to under-predict the increases in trade and economic growth that result from trade liberalization. One potential reason is that conventional AGE models ignore the strong correlations that exist between firm productivity, on the one hand, and exporting, importing, and investment, on the other. To examine this possibility, this study incorporates econometric evidence of these linkages into the dynamic Global Trade Analysis Project AGE model, and then uses this model to analyze a recently proposed East Asian free trade agreement. While conventional AGE modeling effects are found to predominate and be reinforced by the productivity effects, in some cases the latter actually reverse the changes predicted...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28693

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guterman,   Lia.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48392

Prospective Trends in Wine Export Markets – Expert Views from Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bardaji,   Isabel; Mili,   Samir.
As in other European producing countries, the wine industry in Spain faces growing competition from New World producers. International competitiveness of Spanish and European wines has been affected by increasing supply, declining public support, saturated domestic demand and increasingly quality-driven markets. Resolving the derived wine competitiveness crisis would require production rationalisation and adaptation to changing commercial and demand requirements, through new productive processes and strategies for further opening of foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore main current and future trends affecting the global wine market and their consequences from the Spanish perspective. After identifying the world wine market’s main...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wine markets; Export prospects; Spain; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F14; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51084

Shadow Pricing Market Access: A Trade Benefit Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chau,   Nancy H.; Fare,   Rolf.
Appropriate assessment of the social value of market access is at the core of a broad range of inquiries in trade research. A selection include: the appraisal of industry-level production and consumption distortions due to selective trade liberalization and partial tax reform; the construction of national-level quantity indicators of market access consistent with welfare change, and the use of international trade re-balancing as sanctions to discourage trade agreement violations, or as compensation in trade dispute settlement. In order to obtain shadow prices, we propose a new approach integrating the Luenberger benefit function and the directional output distance function. This yields a trade benefit function which represents trade preferences à la Meade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6218

Vested Interests in Queuing and the Loss of the WTO's Club Good: The Long-run Costs of US Bilateralism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
In recent years the United States has actively begun to engage in the negotiation of bilateral and regional trade agreements, a significant change from its long-standing commitment to the exclusive use of multilateral institutions for trade liberalization. While the "unequal economic power" effects of the strategic use of trade policy are well understood, the long-run implications of the creation of a queue for bilateral negotiations have been less fully explored. It is argued here that queuing creates vested interests that are antipathetic to multilateralism and threaten to erode the value of the WTO's "club good." As a result, the new two-track approach of the United States to trade negotiations may not be a sustainable policy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bilateralism; Club good; Queuing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23865

Liberalizing and Re-Regulating Telecommunications in Europe: A Common Framework and Persistent Differences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holmes,   Peter; Young,   Alasdair R.
This paper analyses the role of the European Union in promoting liberalisation among its member states and in crafting the multilateral regime for telecommunications services. It begins by analysing the origins of the EU regime, describing its contours and assessing its implementation. It then examines the interaction between the EU and the multilateral regime, examining the Uruguay Round and post-Uruguay Round negotiations on telecommunications services and outlining the issues under consideration in the GATS 2000 negotiations. It then proceeds to assess how the regulatory developments at the national, European and multilateral levels coexist and interact. Dieses Papier analysiert die Rolle der Europäischen Union bei der Liberalisierung der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Economic Order; European Union; Trade Negotiations; Telecommunications; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; L96.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26244

Trade Policy Reforms in the Cereals Sector of the SADC Region: Implications on Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutambatsere,   Emelly.
This study evaluates the welfare implications of tariff reforms in the cereals sector of the SADC region. Applying the global simulation model (GSIM), a multi-country partial equilibrium model, to the cereals industries of thirteen SADC countries, the study computes price and welfare effects of tariff reforms on different economic groups in each coun try, and evaluates responsiveness to external supply shocks. Results indicate that on net, elimination of intra-regional tariffs is welfare reducing for the region - a robust result as ind icated by the sensitivity tests. South Africa emerges as the sole beneficiary of intra-regional tariff elimination, with positive net welfare gains attained through higher producer surplus; whereas the rest of SACU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff reforms; SADC; Cereals markets; GSIM model; Welfare effects; Trade diversion; Food security; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25380

Business Partnerships in a Globalising World: Economic Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Begins by considering how neoclassical and mainstream economists have modelled the business firm and outlines briefly the evolution of economic thought and that of managerial science about institutional structures involving firms, hierarchies, markets and interfirm cooperation. Subsequently, taking into account this thought, it considers whether growing economic globalisation is likely to result in more frequent business cooperation between firms, what types of alliances may be favoured, and why. Both factors favouring increased business cooperation as globalisation proceeds, as well as those that may retard it, are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evolution of economic thought; Globalisation; Business cooperation; Institutional structures; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90542

USDA OUTLOOK FOR TOBACCO TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burr,   Peter W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33424

2000 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1999-2009 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 6.55 cents/lb in 1999 to 12.3 cents/lb in 2009. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 20.69 cents/lb in 2000 to 28.84 cents/lb in 2009 if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23148

Can a Preferential Trade Agreement Benefit Neighbor Countries without Compensating Them?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Endoh,   Masahiro; Hamada,   Koichi; Shimomura,   Koji.
PTAs are generally negotiated without any tariff concessions or transfers to non-member countries. Can such a PTA benefit the neighbors’ welfare? In a two-good competitive equilibrium model in the absence of an entrepot, a PTA without concessions to the outsider will hurt the outsider’s welfare when goods are normal. If one of the member countries is an entrepot, however, it definitely improves the neighbors’ welfare. In a multiple-good model, a PTA without concessions deteriorates the neighbors’ welfare, provided that all the goods are normal and substitutes, and that initial tariff levels are small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: PTA; Neighbor’s Welfare; Kemp-Wan Theorem; WTO; GATT Article 24; Entrepot; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13; F15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6334

Heterogeneity Index of Trade and Actual Heterogeneity Index – the case of maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnquist,   Heloisa Lee; Shutes,   Karl; Rau,   Marie-Luise; Souza,   Mauricio Jorge Pinto de; Faria,   Rosane Nunes de.
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) beyond traditional trade policy instruments define the requirements that importing countries imposed on foreign products. Due to differences across countries, requirements for supplying foreign markets can lead to trade costs and thus hamper international trade. In this paper, we introduce two regulatory heterogeneity indexes which are subsequently applied to the case maximum residue levels (MRLs) of pesticides. The Heterogeneity Index of Trade (HIT) reflects the respective differences across countries based on the assumption that the mere fact of difference in requirements causes trade costs. Taking the HIT index as a starting point, the Actual Heterogeneity Index (AHI) specially considers the situation where the requirements...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff measures (NTMs); Maximum residue levels (MRLs); Regulatory heterogeneity index; Agri-food trade; Index analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103742

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrissey,   Oliver; Leyaro,   Vincent.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48550

Response to Un-Competitiveness: Rational or Irrational? - The Case of the St. Lucian Banana Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Sharon D.; Pemberton,   Carlisle A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: St. Lucian Banana Industry; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45703

Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, Volume 6, Issue 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Table of Contents: (1) Meyers, William H., Patrick Westhoff, Jacinto F. Fabiosa, and Dermot J. Hayes: "The FAPRI Global Modeling System and Outlook Process," pp. 1-20; (2) Meyer, Seth, Julian Binfield, and Patrick Westhoff: "Interactions between Energy Markets and Agriculture in the U.S.: A Stochastic Approach," pp. 21-40; (3) Han, Suk Ho, and Dae Seob Lee: "Impacts of the Korea-U.S. FTA: Application of the Korea Agricultural Simulation Model," pp. 41-60; (4) Strauss, P.G., and F.H.Meyer: "Combining Stochastic Modeling Techniques with Scenario Thinking for Strategic and Policy Decisions in Agriculture," pp. 61-82; (5) Hanrahan, Kevin, Trevor Donellan, and Frederic Chantreuil: "Agricultural Policy Change in the EU: Analyzing the Impact at member State and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Policy; International Trade; International Development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96778

Effects of the Panama Canal on U.S. Competitiveness on the World Soybean Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Sang; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21418

Does International Trump Domestic Trade? The Seed Potato Market in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thibodeau,   David R.; Clark,   J. Stephen; Yang,   Jinbin; Prochazka,   Petr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Potato; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43458

SETTING THE STAGE FOR NEW TRADE NEGOTIATIONS : A VISION FROM ARGENTINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vierheller,   Arturo.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32955

Polish agro-food trade with European countries before and after joining EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamowicz,   Mieczyslaw; Rytko,   Anna.
Foreign trade in agricultural and food products is a very important component of trade and agricultural policy. In the recent years these policies change influencing on the result of this trade and indirectly on food producers as well as consumers. The aim of this paper is look through the agri - food trade between Poland and European Union countries and the process of Poland's integration with the European Union which had an essential impact on trade between the member countries. The integration process connected with transition from a protective trade policy to a liberal trade policy was favourable for Poland. From 1989 to 2003, the volume of trade turnover in agri- food products between Poland and European Union increased over twofold. The European...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Products' structure; Trade agreements with EU; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10080

INEFFICIENCIES OF INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL WHEAT TRADE – A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF EASTERN EUROPE AND SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lemmer,   Wessel J.; Onegina,   Victoria.
The beginning of the new century marked important changes in the world wheat market.  These changes relate to traditional wheat export countries.  In future, non-traditional wheat export countries in Eastern Europe, such as the Ukraine, may increasingly put pressure on traditional wheat suppliers in the world market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19080

EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES AND PRICING-TO-MARKET BEHAVIOR OF U.S. MEAT EXPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Reed,   Michael R.
This study examines the pricing-to-market behavior of U.S. meat exporters across destination markets and investigates the sensitivity of U.S. export prices in response to exogenous exchange rate changes. The objective is to see whether price discrimination is present or meat export markets have become more integrated during the 1990s.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20710

AN ANALYSIS OF CANADIAN RAIL MOVEMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES USING THE 1992 PUBLIC USE WAYBILL SAMPLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13664

Was the Pea Futures Contract Doomed to Fail? An Analysis of the 1995 Canadian Contract
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lyster,   N.V.; Lerohl,   Mel L.; Unterschultz,   James R.
Feed peas are relatively high in energy and protein and compete with other feed grains and protein crops in the livestock feed market. Prior to 1995, a futures market did not exist for this commodity. To meet industry demand for a hedging and forward pricing mechanism, the Winnipeg Commodity Exchange (WCE) introduced a feed pea futures contract in November 1995. This study investigates the Canadian feed pea market prior to and during the startup of this first WCE feed pea futures contract. In particular, the study explores whether the WCE could have conducted an analysis using then-existing data that would have assisted in the design and establishment of the futures contract. The primary research objective was to determine the ability of the Winnipeg feed...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45693

Differentiated Agri-Food Product Trade and the Linder Effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haq,   Zahoor Ul; Meilke,   Karl D.
Using a generalized gravity equation, this study tests for the Linder effect in differentiated agrifood product trade, i.e. as the demand structures of two countries become more similar, their trade intensity increases. Two proxies of demand structure, the Balassa index and the absolute value of the difference in per capita GDPs of trading partners, are used to capture the Linder effect. In addition, two measures of bilateral trade, the Grubel and Lloyed index, and the value of bilateral trade are used as the dependent variable. The study investigates the role of the Linder effect in explaining the trade of 37 differentiated agri-food and beverage products categorized into eight product groups: cereals; fresh fish; frozen fish; vegetables; fresh fruit;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Generalized Gravity Equation; Grubel and Lloyed index; Linder Effect; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46629

On the need for more economic assessment of quarantine/SPS policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Sallie; Anderson,   Kym.
Quarantine policy reviews are becoming more sophisticated yet they still focus primarily on the effects of restrictions solely on import‐competing producers. A fuller analysis that includes the consumers demonstrates that even if imported diseases were to wipe out a local industry, the gains to consumers might outweigh the losses to import‐competing producers from removing a ban on imports. This article provides the simplest partial equilibrium framework for thinking more about the economics of quarantine policy measures using an empirical analysis of Australia’s ban on imports of bananas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117286

COMÉRCIO INTERESTADUAL E INFRA-ESTRUTURA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DO RELACIONAMENTO NO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Orlando Monteiro da; Almeida,   Fernanda Maria de.
Uma melhoria da infra-estrutura e da logística, ao integrar a produção e os negócios entre as diferentes regiões ou países, reduz os custos do comércio e promove a riqueza. No entanto, as análises sobre o relacionamento da infra-estrutura com o comércio internacional tem tido muito mais atenção do que em nível regional ou interestadual. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi levantar e quantificar o relacionamento existente entre a disponibilidade dos serviços de infra-estrutura e o volume de comércio entre os estados brasileiros. Criou-se um indicador da infra-estrutura existente nos diferentes estados, que foi relacionado ao fluxo comercial entre eles. O estado de São Paulo apresentou os maiores valores, aparecendo com indicadores máximos, em seis das onze...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio interestadual; Infra-estrutura; Modelo de gravidade; Interstate trade; Infrastructure; Gravity model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109120

ANALYZING THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED TRADE IN DAIRY PRODUCTS: A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Sarker,   Rakhal; Le Roy,   Danny G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16959

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ASPECTS OF PETROLEUM AND MILITARY SECURITY IN THE PERSIAN GULF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapman,   Duane; Khanna,   Neha.
Geologic estimates of remaining global petroleum resources place about 50% in the Persian Gulf. Production costs are estimated at $5 per barrel there, and $15 per barrel in the North Sea and Alaska. Using mathematical methods derived from depletion theory is utilized to explain the $15-$20 per barrel price band that existed from 1986 to 1999. New economic forces have displaced this previously stable pattern; a new price range of $22-to $28 may be emerging. International trade in petroleum and conventional weapons are analyzed with econometric methods; the occurrence of nuclear weapons capability in the Persian Gulf region is explored.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7229

Russian Grain Trading and Marketing: Evolution and Struggles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Belozertsev,   Alexander.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121148

LINEAR FEEDBACK BETWEEN EUROPEAN WHEAT EXPORT REFUNDS AND WORLD WHEAT PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roeber,   Ronald.
This paper explores the dynamic relationships between European Union (EU) wheat export restitution awards and price movements in the world wheat market from November 20, 1986 through April 24, 1998. This study pairs the results of weekly EU open market tenders and corresponding foreign wheat export prices in a series of bivariate non-structural. From these models a feedback measure is calculated which estimates the contribution of innovations in wheat prices to the variance in export tenders and vice versa. Feedback was decomposed into patterns—short-term and long-term—that approximate patterns of strategic behavior or political strategy. The study showed overall feedback and short-term innovations in wheat export prices and European restitution awards are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19847

APLICAÇÃO DO MODELO ARIMA À PREVISÃO DO PREÇO DAS COMMODITIES AGRÍCOLAS BRASILEIRAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinto,   Pablo Aurelio Lacerda De Almeida; Pereira,   Elenildes Santana; Oliveira,   Marianne Costa; Santos,   Jose Marcio Dos; Maia,   Sinezio Fernandes.
Atualmente as commodities representam uma significativa parcela do Produto Interno Brasileiro. Entretanto, o volume exportado pode sofrer influência significativa pelo preço apresentado no cenário internacional, alterando sensivelmente a remuneração do produtor. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o comportamento dos preços recebidos pelo produtor das principais commodities agrícola brasileiras: cacau, café, cana de açúcar, laranja e soja. Para tanto, procurou-se realizar uma previsão ex-ante para os preços destes produtos a partir da metodologia ARIMA. Os resultados obtidos fornecem uma ferramenta de análise para o mercado destas commodities, na medida em que demonstram a tendência dos preços para um horizonte de curto prazo,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modelagem ARIMA; Preços agrícolas; Commodities; ARIMA Modeling; Agricultural prices; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109197

The Long-Run Effects of Environmental Reform in Open Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
We compare the short-run and long-run effects of environmental reform and harmonization under autarky and free trade. When trade is driven by environmental distortions rather than real relative advantages, harmonization of environmental policies, even if achieved by lowering standards in one country, can improve short-run aggregate welfare. With the possibility of multiple steady states, long-run considerations favor a "race to the top" rather than a "race to the bottom" even when upward and downward harmonizations are equivalent in the short run. For a country trapped in a low (or bad) steady state, environmental reform may not move it to a high (or good) steady state under autarky. However, under trade, harmonization of policies may enable this country...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade and the environment; Environmental policy reform; International harmonization of environmental policies; Environmental dynamics and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q20; F10; H23.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25099

F&amp;V Trade Model to Assess Euro-Med Agreements. An Application to the Fresh Tomato Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria; Martinez-Gomez,   Victor; Villanueva,   Miquel.
The complexity derived from the bilateral trade liberalisation process in the Mediterranean region is difficult to represent in a trade model, not only because of the range of instruments still constraining trade but also because of the special nature of the most important traded goods (product differentiation and seasonality). Tariff-rate quotas (TRQ's) and the entry price system are clearly defined on a monthly basis for the fruits and vegetables trade flows towards the European Union (EU). This point makes efforts to model such a trade in yearly basis not representative of reality. We propose a static partial equilibrium model tailored to model trade impacts of specific policy instruments which considers imports from different sources as imperfect...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9414

Projected Impact of the 1985 Food Security Act On U.S. Agriculture 1985-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Stanley R.; Meyers,   William H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59874

AN OVERVIEW OF CUBAN AGRICULTURE AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
For many years, the United States has blocked trade with Cuba, but the situation has recently changed.  The Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 loosened U.S. sanctions on agricultural exports to Cuba, allowing Cuba to buy from the United States using cash but not credit.  The objectives of this study are to analyze Cuban agricultural production and trade and to estimate potential agricultural trade flows that could occur between the United States and Cuba if the embargo was completely lifted.  The effects of various increases in Cuban GDP on Cuban import demand are also analyzed.  Cuba could be a significant market for U.S. exports of wheat, wheat flour, rice, corn, pulses, poultry, and dairy products, while the United States would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cuba; Embargo; Agricultural trade potential; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23573

Korea's Export Growth: An Alternative Explanation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castley,   R.J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30558

Modeling Florida Fresh Tomato Supply Response: Composite Switching Regressions with Variable Weather-Determined Lags
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Gary D.; Aradhyula,   Satheesh V.; Tronstad,   Russell.
A supply-response model for Florida fresh tomatoes is specified to analyze the impacts of the U.S. Department of Commerce's suspension agreement which governs imports of fresh tomatoes from Mexico.  The particular focus is on the impact of the "reference" price which causes Mexican imports in a given week to cease if import prices in the prior week fall to the reference price.  Using weekly weather data, a growing degree day (GDD) variable is constructed which predicts week of first harvest and duration of harvest.  The GDD variable is used to construct the appropriate, variable lag length for weekly acres planted in four Florida production regions.  A composite switching-regime model is estimated in which the regime prior to the suspension agreement...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19378

ASIA GOES SHOPPING: DO TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE MATTER? (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coyle,   William T.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33181

AMERICAN FARMERS AND WORLD AFFAIRS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   Phillips W.; Mauch,   Arthur.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1959
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17758

Euromediterranean agreements: which advantages for Mediterranean countries in fruit and vegetables sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emlinger,   Charlotte; Chevassus-Lozza,   Emmanuelle; Jacquet,   Florence.
This article measures the advantage granted by the European Union to different Mediterranean countries in the fruit and vegetables sector in the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements. The advantage of each country are evaluated by calculating the value of the preferential margins, which compares the amount of the customs duties paid by an exporting country with the amount of the duties this country would have paid if it had not enjoyed tariff preferences. The situation of the Mediterranean countries appears to be highly unequal in terms of the advantages granted by the EU in the fruit and vegetables sector. The progress of bilateral negotiations and the export structure in each country explain the significant variations in preferential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Euromediterranean agreements; Preferential margin; Fruit and vegetables; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44061

Measuring Irrigation Water Efficiency with a Stochastic Production Frontier: An Application for Citrus Producing Farms in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Lachaal,   Lassaad; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Messaoud,   Emna B.
The objective of this paper is to propose an alternative measure of irrigation water efficiency based on the concept of input- specific technical efficiency, which contracts with measures previously used in the literature. The proposed methodology is applied to a randomly selected sample of 144 citrus growing farms located in Nabeul (Tunisia). A stochastic production frontier approach, based on Battese and Coelli’s (1995) inefficiency effect model, is used to obtain farm-specific estimates of technical and irrigation water efficiency. In addition, a second-stage regression approach is used to identify the factors influencing irrigation water efficiency differentials across citrus growing farms. Results indicate that technical efficiency ranges from a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Citrus; Efficiency; Tunisia; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52166

Finanszírozási lehetőségeka magyar–orosz kereskedelemben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tegla,   Imre.
A dolgozat bemutatja azokat az exportfinanszírozási konstrukciókat, melyek aktívabb alkalmazása több eredményt hozhat a magyar exportőröknek az orosz piacon. Sokéves tapasztalataim – mint banki finanszírozó és mint gyakorló exportőr – azt bizonyítják, hogy az orosz piacon van helye a magyar áruknak és szolgáltatásoknak, s jóval nagyobb helyet is betölthetnének, ha a meglévő és elérhető pénzügyi eszközöket jobban használnák. Oroszország keresi helyét a világban, és ambiciózus terveket valósít meg néhány területen a még elavult, főleg infrastrukturális lemaradása lefaragásában. Ezek óriási lehetőségek a mezőgazdasági, egészségügyi és építőipari ágazatokban.   ----------------------------------     The paper presents export financing arrangements which could...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Orosz gazdasági kapcsolatok; Exportfinanszírozási konstrukciók; Russian economic ties; Export financing arrangements.; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92512

U.S. Sugar Policy Options and Their Consequences under NAFTA and Doha
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.; Beghin,   John C.; Blandford,   David; Elobeid,   Amani E.
We analyze the potential impact of continuing the existing U.S. sugar program, replacing it with a standard program, and implementing the standard program with multilateral trade liberalization. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), duty-free sugar imports from Mexico will undermine the programs ability to operate on a "no-cost" basis to U.S. taxpayers. As the Mexican beverage industry is likely to expand considerably its high-fructose corn syrup use, the sugar thereby displaced will seek a market in the United States. Under these conditions, marketing allotments could not be utilized under current legislation and prices would likely fall to the loan rate. The government would accumulate significant sugar stocks. The replacement of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Doha; NAFTA; Policy; Sugar; U.S. sugar program; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18510

Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of the World Durum Industry Under Alternative Export Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golz,   Joel T.; Koo,   Won W.; Yang,   Seung-Ryong.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23473

CONCLUDING THE DOHA ROUND: AN IMPERATIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosario,   Joe A.
Much water has flowed under the bridge since ministers failed to conclude world trade negotiations in July 2009. The world underwent an historical recession brought about by the U.S. financial toxic asset scandal. Global trade has declined sharply and is forecasted to decline by 9% in real terms in 2009. World economic growth rates have declined dramatically. There have been several cases of covert (and some overt) protectionism by both developed and advanced economies. Despite declarations from world leaders on several occasions for the need to refrain from protectionist measures and the need for the resumption and conclusion of the Doha Round of trade negotiations over the past nine months, no such action has materialized. The two major contestants in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; International trade; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; India; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60427

MULTINATIONAL LOCATION DECISIONS AND THE IMPACT ON LABOUR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaston,   Noel; Nelson,   Douglas.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown far more rapidly than trade during the last two decades. As with the other prominent features of globalisation, FDI is controversial. The impact of FDI on labour markets has been of growing concern, particularly, for source countries. The deterioration of labour market conditions for unskilled workers in many OECD countries during the 1980’s and 1990’s was a primary catalyst for the concern. As for its impact on labour markets, FDI may have effects that, at least in the short- and medium-run, may well dwarf the effects of trade and immigration. In this paper, we present a simple partial equilibrium model that focusses on the location decisions of multinational firms. We use the model to analyse the effects of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18747

Substitution between domestic and imported orange juice and impacts of U.S. tariffs on prices and production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
A demand system model differentiating goods by product form and origin is developed to examine the impact of eliminating U.S. tariffs on orange-juice prices.  An empirical analysis suggests a range of tariff impacts on prices depending on the degree of substitution between products.  The model yielded similar results as alternative models when substitution was assumed to be relatively strong.  In the long run, lower, without-tariff prices can be expected to lead to lower Florida orange planting and production levels.  A sustained reduction in the U.S. OJ price of half the value of the FCOJ tariff is estimated to reduce orange planting levels by about 50% and orange production would declined by 24% by 2021-22.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Price; Tariffs; Orange juice; Product differentiation; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52888

The Political Economy of U.S. Import Restrictions on Nursery Stock and Ornamental Plants in Growing Media
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romano,   Eduardo; Orden,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50707

Comparativo do custo de transporte e do frete rodoviário de açúcar para exportação, originado de polos paulistas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Carolina de Freitas; Oliva,   Ciro Villela; Passoni,   Daniela Cristina; Loreti,   Joao Victor C.; Stefanini,   Mariana Papa; Reijers,   Rhuana; Caixeta Filho,   Jose Vicente.
Brazil is, today, the largest producer and exporter of sugar in the world, having as main competitors and price makers India and China. In the production of this commodity, there are the sugar mills and ethanol in the State of Sao Paulo. The disposal of the product is mainly done by road transportation due to the greater speed and flexibility when compared to other modes, covering distances from production plants to their ultimate destination, the Port of Santos. In this scenario, the study evaluated the impact of transport costs (fixed and variable costs) on the values of the freight charged for the final transfer of the described commodity at the port. Analyzed the importance of the road freight for the formation of the final price of the sugar for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sugar exportation; Road transportation; Transport costs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94799

MFA Quotas Elimination: the Case of Cotton Yarn in Greece -  a Multi-Market vs. a Single Market Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dadakas,   Dimitrios; Katranidis,   Stelios D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Multi-Market; Welfare; International Relations/Trade; D6; F1; C0.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21390

Effects of Resource Endowments on Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Anderson,   Craig Scott.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23203

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48555

Assessing Market Access: Do Developing Countries Really Get a Preferential Treatment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Conforti,   Piero; Salvatici,   Luca.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18870

The Growing Demand for Food Quality: Implications for International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.; Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50877

Regional Trade Agreements and Implications for US Agriculture: The Case of CAFTA-DR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Yamazaki,   Fumiko; Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93490

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Japan: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kobayashi,   Hiroaki.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Viet Nam. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, sugar, and starch, and beef, at the national level and the farm level. The analysis includes ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Marketing channels; Production costs; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32691

Confirmada Baixa Produção de Cereais no Centro e Uma Melhoria no Norte do País Expectativas dos Comerciantes Rurais de Pequena Escala no Norte e Centro de Moçambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Michael T.
Resultados das Investigações do SIMA-DEst e Departamento de Análise de Políticas MADER-Direcção de Economia
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55230

AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY: YEAR IN REVIEW/ YEAR AHEAD (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penn,   J.B.
PowerPoint presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32997

Who Should Make the Rules of Trade? - The Complex Issue of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
In recent years, governments have negotiated a number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) that include clauses regarding trade measures that conflict with their WTO obligations. As yet, there has been no formal dispute regarding which obligations should prevail, but the threat of conflict is perceived to be sufficiently grave for the parties to the Doha Ministerial to agree to examine the issue. Those who have strong preferences for environmental amenities have put considerable effort into fostering MEAs and are lobbying hard for them to prevail over the WTO in their areas of competence. The current lack of transparency caused by conflicting rules increases the degree of risk perceived in the international commercial environment. As MEAs allow...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Doha; MEA; Negotiations; Ratification; Trade measures; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23928

Der Markt für Bioenergie
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaper,   Christian; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97536

TRADE REMEDY LAWS AND NAFTA  AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Gunning-Trant,   Caroline.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16932

DISTORTIONS TO INCENTIVES IN CHINA'S AGRICULTURE AND IMPLICATIONS OF WTO ACCESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Chang,   Min.
The overall goal of our paper will be to attempt to contribute to the empirically-based literature on the effects on China's agriculture of its accession to the WTO.  In general, we seek to answer some of the most basic questions about the expected effects of China's entry in the World Trade Organization (WTO).  On balance, will the nation's accession to WTO help or hurt farming households? If farmers lose (gain), who in the agricultural economy will get hurt (benefit)? Are there some regions in the economy that will be insulated from the effects of WTO due to their isolation from domestic markets?
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25863

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:  AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvajalino-Arevalo,   Mario.
This annotated bibliography on agricultural marketing and economic development has been compiled with two objectives in mind.  First, to contribute to the understanding of the role that agricultural marketing can play in the process of developing countries.  As the reader will see many authors agree that marketing is "the most backward of all areas of economic life".  There are several explanations for this particular situation.  Because of socio-political reasons, people in planning roles prefer to allocate resources to the production of physical goods and not of services, which is what marketing mainly provides.  Others believe that an adequate marketing system will spring up automatically with the progress of the country in the road of development.  In...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1966
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11105

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Masters,   William A.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48554

DISCUSSION: IMPACTS OF PAST U.S./CANADIAN DAIRY PROGRAMS ON STRUCTURE, EFFICIENCY, AND TRADING RELATIONSHIPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nicholson,   Donald R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16946

Environment and Trade in Developing Economies: A Primer for the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18359

The Derived Demand for Imported Cheese into Hong Kong
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ge,   Jiaoju; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Washington,   Andrew A.
The objective of this paper is to provide the U.S. dairy industry with empirical estimates of Hong Kong's derived demand for imported cheese from the U.S. These estimates were used to project the effects of the European Union (E.U.) subsidy reductions on the U.S. share of Hong Kong cheese imports.  Hong Kong cheese imports from the U.S. were projected to increase by 16.96% if subsidy reductions continue at the same pace as the 1994 GATT agreement and 33.92% if reductions were twice the pace.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15694

THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF FRESH TOMATOES, PEPPERS AND CUCUMBERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wijnands,   Jo H.M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29147

Repeat Purchase and Switching Probabilities in the International Wheat Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Lau,   Kin-Nam.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121650

SOCIAL CAPITAL, THE TERMS OF TRADE, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robison,   Lindon J.; Myers,   Robert J.; Siles,   Marcelo E.
Social capital, a person or group's sympathy or sense of obligation for another person or group, assumes relationships can alter the terms of trade and the likelihood of trades between individuals.  Other important economic consequences of social capital result from its ability to internalize externalities.  This paper introduces social capital into the neoclassical model to derive forecasts of how relationships will alter the minimum-sell prices of farmland and the likelihood of trades between persons with different relationships.  Also deduced in this paper is the effect of social capital on the level and dispersion of benefits from trade.  Empirical evidence from a 1,500 farmland owner-operator survey is analyzed and provides support for the social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11546

An Economic Assessment of the BSE Crisis in Canada: Impact of Border Closure and BSE Recovery Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.; Le Roy,   Danny G.
This article assesses the economic consequences of three alternative government responses to the BSE crisis in Canada: 1) expansion in slaughter capacity; 2) partial destruction of the cattle herd; and 3) deficiency payments. Each of these policies is evaluated under four different border situations: 1) autarky; 2) free trade in young beef only; 3) free trade in young beef and cattle; and 4) complete free trade. The results of the policy analysis are quite sensitive to the border assumptions, making it impossible to select a “best” policy without perfect foresight with respect to the timing and the extent of the border opening.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: BSE; Cattle and beef; Partial equilibrium model; Simulation; Trade ban; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6176

Assessment of non-tariff measures for selected agri-food exports from Africa to the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; Mellado,   Aida Gonzalez; M'Barek,   Robert.
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) gain in importance in view of tariff reductions, by multilateral and bilateral agreements. African agri-food exports have benefited from considerable tariff reduction by the European Union (EU), but the share in EU imports has not risen. This paper describes possible methodologies to assess NTMs and an exporter survey conducted in 2009 in five African countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa and Uganda. 95 respondents graded 35 NTMs in five categories. The results have been rather positive in general terms but specific issues like transportation, EU procedures and SPS measures have been regarded as considerably hampering trade. On the other hand, there has been also the mentioning of the positive effect of SPS...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113785

Tariff-Rate Quotas, Rent-Shifting and the Selling of Domestic Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larue,   Bruno; Lapan,   Harvey E.; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) have replaced quotas at the end of the Uruguay Round. We analyze TRQs when a foreign firm competes against a domestic firm in the latter’s market. Our benchmark is the strategic rent-shifting tariff. We show that the domestic price-equivalent TRQ is a better instrument welfare-wise, as it can extract all of the rents from the foreign firm. We show that different pairs of within-quota tariff and quota can support full rent extraction. The implication is that reduction of the former and enlargement of the latter, holding the above-quota tariff constant, may have no liberalizing effects. The first-best TRQ and the strategic tariff generate different prices. When firms have identical and constant marginal cost, the first-best TRQ...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90591

Has Exchange Rate Volatility Affected Broiler Trade Flows?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Christopher G.; Karemera,   David; Muhammad,   Andrew; Wilson,   Norbert L.W.; Brooks,   Nora L.; Harvey,   David J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Broilers; Exchange rate volatility; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103807

TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS AND THE WTO MILLENIUM ROUND: PROJECTIONS TO 2005 AND PROBLEMS WITH TRQ'S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14564

Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade in Agricultural Products: Challenges for Brazil’s Beef Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97461

AGRICULTURAL AND COMMUNITY ISSUES: NEW CHALLENGES AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
My comments are divided into five parts: (1) New perspective on the U.S. economy, (2) The Multilateral trade negotiations, (3) Exchange rate policy, (4) Stagnation in productivity growth, (5) Inflation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14031

New Data and Analysis on Non-tariff Measures in Agri-food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Larue,   Bruno; Otsuki,   Tsunehiro; Rau,   Marie-Luise; Shutes,   Karl; Wieck,   Christine; Winchester,   Niven.
We outline new data on non-tariff measures (NTMs) in agricultural trade collected as part of the NTM-Impact project. The data cover product and process standards, conformity assessment measures, and country requirements for the EU and 10 other countries. We create a Heterogeneity Index of Trade (HIT) regulations to aggregate data on different measures, and estimate the impact of regulatory heterogeneity on trade using a gravity framework. Our results suggest that differences in standards reduce trade in beef and pig meat, but have little impact on trade in other agri-food products.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff measures (NTMs); Import requirements; Agri-food trade; Gravity estimation; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103730

Estimating Tariff Equivalents of Nontariff Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Linkins,   Linda A.; Arce,   Hugh M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15855

ANÁLISE DE CAUSALIDADE DE PREÇOS NO MERCADO NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL DE CACAU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amin,   Mario Miguel; Seabra,   Jose Alberto.
Esta pesquisa procurou analisar o sentido de precedência (causalidade) entre os preços dos produtores de cacau do Estado do Pará, Bahia e dos preços internacionais da Bolsa de Nova Iorque, por meio do teste de causalidade de Granger. Os municípios definidos para o estudo foram Altamira, Alenquer, Cametá, Castanhal, Itaituba, Rurópolis, Santa Isabel e Tomé-Açu, no Pará, Ilhéus, na Bahia, e o mercado internacional, representado pela Bolsa de Nova Iorque. Para evitar relações espúrias, realizaram-se os testes ADF, PP, com objetivo de detectar a presença de raiz unitária, o que foi confirmado. Portanto, procedeu-se às diferenças para tornar as séries estacionárias. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existe precedência (causalidade) entre os preços dos...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Preço de cacau; Causalidade; Pará; Bahia; Bolsa de Nova Iorque; Cocoa price; Causality; Pará; Bahia; New York Exchange Market; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109074

Conflict, Aid and Poverty: Cause, Effect and Prediction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibriya,   Shahriar R.; Bessler,   David A.; Price,   Edwin; Sen Gupta,   Rajorshi.
Recent studies and reports suggest that foreign aid/intervention has been somewhat futile in eradicating conflict. In this study, we develop a simultaneous donor/recipient model of foreign aid and terrorism. Thereafter, we extend our theoretical propositions through a machine learning algorithm of inductive causation. We find that terrorism increases foreign aid, however foreign assistance is futile in mitigating terrorism. Additionally, socio-economic factors influence foreign aid given by the donors. But foreign assistance is unsuccessful in enhancing the livelihoods of the underprivileged. We conclude that foreign aid policies need to be more efficient.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61898

The Doha Round and Food Security in the Dairy Sector in Cameroon: A Global Simulation Model (GSIM) Approach: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leudjou,   Roland R.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper “The Doha Round and Food  Security in the Dairy Sector in Cameroon: A Global Simulation Model (GSIM) Approach”  which is available separately.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123134

Market Access for Organic Sugar (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryberg,   Paul.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37452

INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF CANADA'S WESTERN GRAIN STABILIZATION PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cameron,   D. Lynne; Spriggs,   John.
Canada's Western Grain Stabilization program is analyzed to determine the extent to which it acts as a buffer between the Canadian grains economy and the international grains economy. A dynamic stochastic simulation model is constructed to examine how Canada's Western Grain Stabilization Program modifies the transmission of: (a) domestic yield variability to the foreign grain market and (b) foreign demand variability to the domestic grains market. With respect to (a), the program was found to aggravate international uncertainty only very slightly while with respect to (b) it was found to substantially reduce domestic uncertainty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32591

Analyse des Determinants des Exportations Beninoises de Noix D'Anacarde
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue; Zinsou,   Jacques.
La dépendance du Bénin d’une seule culture d’exportation a jusqu’ici fragilisé son économie. La filière cajou apparaît comme l’une des plus intéressantes à développer suite à la crise cotonnière. Cet article examine les facteurs qui expliquent les exportations des noix d'anacarde au Bénin et leurs effets. Pour ce faire, la méthode d’estimation des Modèles à Correction d’Erreur (ECM) est utilisée. Les résultats révèlent que l’augmentation de la production et la pratique d’un prix relativement bas permettra au Bénin d’acroitre significativement le niveau actuel de ses exportations de noix cajou à court et à long terme. Mots clés : Noix de cajou, Exportations, Modèle à correction d’erreur, Bénin.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96164

The value of market uncertainty in a livestock epidemic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jarkko K.; Lehtonen,   Heikki.
Introduction of foot and mouth disease (FMD) into country typically initiates eradication procedures which remove animals from the market, and halts the export of livestock products from the infected country. The magnitude of these effects can be highly uncertain. This paper presents a stochastic dynamic programming model which simulates possible market implications of alternative FMD and export scenarios in the Finnish pig sector. It takes into account dynamics and adjustment of the animal stock, price movements and uncertainty related to the duration of the trade ban.  Results suggest that losses to pig producers can increase considerably when the risk of prolonged export ban increases. Production adjustments also strengthen. Consumers can gain from a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock epidemics; Dynamic programming; Demand; Supply; Export; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6158

Impact of Risk and Time Preferences on Responses to Forest Tenure Land Reform:  Empirical Evidence from Fujian, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sullivan,   Karen A.; Uchida,   Emi; Xu,   Jintao.
This research examines the effect of risk and time preferences on forest management responses to forest tenure land reforms in Fujian, China that began in 2002. The different extent of the reform and its different timing across regions provide a natural experiment to test how time and risk preferences affect a households’ forest investment response to the reform. Empirically, we combine original field experiment data on time and risk preferences collected among 103 households with an original panel survey data set collected among the same 103 households, which contains data for three years: 2000 (before the reform), 2005 and 2008 (after the reform) in a difference-in-differences framework. We examine three measures of forest management activity, including:...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tenure reform; Property rights; Risk preference; Time preference; Poverty; China; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q2; D8; D9; D13; J22; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61536

ANALYSIS OF EAST ASIAN MEAT IMPORT DEMAND: MARKET PROSPECTS FOR ALBERTA AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Veeman,   Terrence S.; Adilu,   Shiferaw.
This study focuses on the demand for meat and the market vulnerabilities that apply to four  selected Asian markets that are of potential importance to meat exporters. The markets  identified for this purpose are Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, and Singapore. An initial  overview of market prospects and vulnerabilities based on previous studies is reported.  Detailed assessments of import  demand and substitution between various meats for meat exports from Canada/Alberta  to each of  these markets  was also undertaken. This  required collection and analysis of extensive data relating to consumption and imports of  major meat groups in the four Asian countries. Two different econometric models were applied. These included source-differentiated Almost Ideal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24063

Piecemeal Reform of Trade and Environmental Policy When Consumption Also Pollutes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   Mark R.; Beghin,   John C.
The design of trade and environmental policy pays increasing attention to pollution linked to trade liberalization and generated by consumption. We incorporate endogenous (price-responsive) consumption pollution into a dual trade model to assess welfare effects of coordinated trade and environmental piecemeal reform in a small, open and distorted economy. Pollution is generated by production and consumption. Producers control the level of pollution and face incentives to abate both types of pollution. We identify sufficient conditions for welfare-improving reforms of trade and environmental policies. An additional domestic environmental policy instrument must be imposed on exportables because of their supply response to foreign environmental taxes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q28; H21.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18362

ERTRAGS- UND PREISINSTABILITÄT AUF AGRARMÄRKTEN IN DEUTSCHLAND UND DER EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Artavia,   Marco; Deppermann,   Andre; Filler,   Gunther; Grethe,   Harald; Haeger,   Astrid; Kirschke,   Dieter; Odening,   Martin.
C2_2
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrarpolitik; Preisvolatilität; Ertragsschwankungen; Unsichereit; Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93956

Sticks and Carrots for the Design of International Climate Agreements with Renegotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weikard,   Hans-Peter; Dellink,   Rob B.
This paper examines stability of international climate agreements for carbon abatement under an optimal transfer rule and renegotiations. The optimal transfer rule suggested to stabilise international environmental agreements (Weikard 2005, Carraro, Eyckmans and Finus 2006) is no longer optimal when agreements are renegotiated. We determine the conditions for optimal self-enforcing sequences of agreements. If these conditions are met, then transfer payments can be arranged such that no country wants to change its membership status at any stage. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our condition we use the STACO model, a 12-regions global model, to assess the impact of welldesigned transfer rules on the stability of an international climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stability of Coalitions; International Environmental Agreements; Partition Function Approach; Sharing Rules; Optimal Transfers; Renegotiations; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; D62; H41; H77.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6293

Trade and Welfare Effects of State Trading Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; MacLaren,   Donald.
Much of the analysis of market access issues in the Doha Round negotiations involves clearly defined instruments of government policy covering inter alia subsidies, tariffs and tariff rate quotas. State trading enterprises are also on the negotiating agenda though there is comparatively little analysis of their impact on trade and welfare despite the fact that they will be addressed in the forthcoming negotiations. This paper addresses these issues and highlights that STEs both distort trade and reduce welfare. The extent of these effects depend not only on the monopoly/monopsony status of the enterprises but the nature of the pay-off function.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: State trading enterprises; Trade negotiations; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24523

Competitive Strategies of Dairy Processing Firms in Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper summarizes (a) key elements of the competitive environment facing Ireland's dairy processors, (b) the overall dairy industry structure that has emerged in Ireland, and (c) the strategies of Ireland's dairy processing and exporting firms. The strategies employed by Ireland's dairy processors represent reasonable, orthodox adjustments to changes in the economic environment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ireland Dairy Firms; Ireland Dairy Industry; Irish Diary Processing Strategies; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37343

VALUE-ADDED WHEAT PRODUCT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onnen,   Jennifer M.; Wilson,   William W.
This study evaluated international trade of value-added wheat products.  Analyzed were market size and growth rate by country for each product group.  Shift share analysis was used to examine changes in market shares for each value-added wheat product group. Major international exporters were identified for each product group, and market shares held by the major exporters for specific importing markets were analyzed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bakery; International trade; Market size; Market growth; Shift-share analysis; Market share; Exports; Value-added.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23259

Greener Acres or Greener Waters? Potential U.S. Impacts of Agricultural Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johansson,   Robert C.; Cooper,   Joseph C.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This paper examines the elimination of all agricultural policy distortions in all trading countries and agricultural production decisions in the United States, as well as subsequent environmental quality in the presence and absence of nondegradation environmental standards. The results suggest that trade liberalization has the potential to increase domestic production and boost agricultural returns by as much as 8.5 percent. Consumer surplus would likely fall, and the discharge of nutrients, sediment, and pesticides would likely increase. However, environmental policies can limit these adverse environmental impacts and mute the potential decrease in consumer surplus, while leaving increased returns to agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade reform; Environment; Nondegradation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10195

The Unforeseen Developments Clause in Safeguards under the WTO: Confusions in Compliance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raychaudhuri,   Tilottama.
In this article the author explores in detail the “unforeseen developments” requirement in the Agreement on Safeguards under the WTO. The author seeks to answer questions such as whether the requirement (i.e., unforeseen developments must be demonstrated in order for safeguard measures to be justified) is an integral part of the Agreement on Safeguards, and how the subjectivity associated with this requirement contributes to the difficulty of constructing a reasoned and adequate account of the causal chain. The article also includes within its scope a brief analysis of larger issues such as the political and economic rationale behind safeguard measures, and how ambiguities in the Agreement on Safeguards can destabilize the discipline of safeguards and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: India; International trade; Safeguards; Unforeseen developments; WTO; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90792

The Competitive Position of the U.S. in the World Market for Peanuts and Tree Nuts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glover,   Robert S.; Miller,   Bill R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59864

Acordos regionais de livre comércio e o mercado de arroz no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvim,   Augusto Mussi; Waquil,   Paulo Dabdab.
Este estudo identifica os efeitos dos novos acordos regionais de livre comércio sobre os produtores de arroz, no Brasil e nas demais regiões relevantes no mercado mundial. Para analisar os efeitos dos acordos comerciais, como, por exemplo, da ALCA, do MERCOSUL-UE e do MERCOSUL-CAN, desenvolve-se um modelo de alocação espacial e temporal utilizando-se um Problema de Complementaridade Mista (PCM). Em termos gerais, os maiores ganhos para os produtores brasileiros de arroz ocorreram com o acordo MERCOSUL-UE, quando a produção brasileira foi estimulada pelo redirecionamento das exportações argentinas e uruguaias para a UE. No entanto, em virtude das dificuldades nas negociações de livre comércio junto à UE, a segunda melhor opção, MERCOSUL-CAN, apresentou-se...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Problema de Complementaridade Mista; Arroz; Acordos regionais; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56824

Trade, Technique and Composition Effects: What is Behind the Fall in World-Wide SO2 Emissions 1990-2000?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grether,   Jean-Marie; Mathys,   Nicole A.; de Melo,   Jaime.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/18/07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Growth; Environment; Decomposition; Embodied Emissions in Trade; Transport; International Relations/Trade; F11; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7448

Como Será a Comercialização Agrícola em Moçambique em 2002/03? Expectativas dos Comerciantes Rurais de Pequena Escala no Norte e Centro de Moçambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arlindo,   Pedro; Abdula,   Danilo Carimo; Paulo,   Antonio M.
Resultados das Investigações do SIMA-DEst e Departamento de Análise de Políticas MADER-Direcção de Economia
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55229

Report of ESCOP Subcommittee on Domestic and International Markets and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.; Johnson,   D. Gale; Johnson,   Robbin S.; Meyers,   William H.; Rossmiller,   George Edward; White,   T. Kelley; McCalla,   Alex F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51253

Competitive Analysis of Chinese Soybean Import Suppliers--U.S., Brazil, and Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Marchant,   Mary A.; Xu,   Shuang.
Globally, China is the number one soybean importer, and the U.S., Brazil, and Argentina are the top three soybean exporters.  This research provides a detailed overview of the global soybean industry, analyzes the competitive structure of the Chinese soybean import market by examining both annual and monthly data, and compares competitiveness of the U.S., Brazil, and Argentina in the Chinese soybean import market.  Results indicate that the U.S. and South America (Brazil and Argentina) were seasonal complementary soybean suppliers for China and Brazil has the greatest advantage in the Chinese soybean import market, followed by the U.S. and Argentina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21109

Economic Partnership Agreements and WTO negotiations. A quantitative assessment of trade preference granting and erosion in the banana market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
Paper replaced 07/29/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; Economic Partnership Agreements; Trade preferences; Preference erosion; Spatial models; Bananas; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44215

Implications of Wages and Industrial Policies on the Competitiveness of Agricultural Export Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freebairn,   John W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12315

Export Specialization in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Timothy G.; Bonnett,   Eric T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export Specialization in Latin America; Export Specialization in the Caribbean; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45796

Analysis of U.S. Demand for Imported Melons using a Dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaninda Tshikala,   Sam; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg.
Melons constitute an important part of the U.S. fruit and vegetable industry even though they are produced only from May through December of each year. Import supplies from Latin American countries are used to make up for the domestic demand shortages.  This paper investigates the U.S. demand for imported fresh and frozen melons using quarterly data on import volumes and unit prices. A static and a dynamic linear approximated almost ideal demand systems were estimated using ITSUR. Marshallian and Hicksian elasticities were used to analyze consumers’ responsiveness to price and income change in the short run and the long run.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119779

Will Special Agricultural Safeguards Advance or Retard LDC Growth and Welfare? A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somwaru,   Agapi; Skully,   David W.
This study examines the potential magnitude and distribution of the costs and benefits of allowing developing countries to establish Special Safeguards (SSGs) for staple agricultural commodities. An inter-temporal general equilibrium model used to simulate the static and dynamic effects of SSGs. Our results indicate that developing countries in aggregate lose welfare when SSGs are imposed for staple food and for all agricultural commodities as opposed to agricultural trade liberalization without SSGs.  However, the distribution of gains and losses among developing countries is not uniform.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19533

Die Märkte für Vieh und Fleisch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   Arne; Thiele,   Holger D.; Burchardi,   Henrike; Renken,   Mareike.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97201

Private Standards, Handling and Hygiene in Fruit Export Supply Chains: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Economic Impact of Parallel Standards
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vermeulen,   Hester; Jordaan,   Daniel du Plessis Scheepers; Korsten,   Luuk; Kirsten,   Johann F.
With the emergence of private food safety and quality standards in developed countries fruit exporting countries in the developing world face increasing constraints to access markets in the rich industrialised countries in the North. Producers in the South have no alternative as to make the necessary investments on farms and in pack houses to comply with the requirements of these food quality and safety standards. The export of fresh fruit is an important component of South African agricultural exports, with citrus fruit exported to markets such as Europe being of particular importance. This paper reports selected results from a large research project into the impact of private standard compliance on the quality of the fruit and the returns to farmers. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60887

Explaining Agricultural Distortion Patterns : The Roles of Ideology, Inequality, Lobbying and Public Finance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutt,   Pushan; Mitra,   Devashish.
In this paper, we examine the political economy drivers of the variation in agricultural protection, both across countries and within countries over time. The paper starts by listing the key insights provided by both the theoretical and empirical literature on the political economy of trade policy formulation. We then set out a basic framework that allows us to put forth various testable hypotheses on the variation and evolution of agricultural protection. We find that both the political ideology of the government and the degree of income inequality are important determinants of agricultural protection. Thus, both the political-support-function approach as well as the median-voter approach can be used in explaining the variation in agricultural protection...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural protection; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50299

The Impact of Agricultural Policy Distortions on the Productivity Gap: Evidence from the Rice Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rakotoarisoa,   Manitra A.
This study determines how production and trade policy distortions affected rice productivity in thirty-three rice-producing countries.  A rice-productivity index for each country is constructed, and a model linking the productivity gap with policy distortions is presented.  After controlling for the differences in infrastructure, openness, and human capital, this article shows that high subsidies and protection in developed countries combined with taxation of rice farming in poor countries have widened the gap in rice productivity between rich and poor rice countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy distortions; Trade policies; Productivity; Rice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6154

INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATION OF AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION: THE CASE OF EU-ACCESSION AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Christian H.C.A.; Krause,   Kim Carolin; Struve,   Carsten.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24401

From Agriculture to Mining: The Impact of Structural Changes in Australian Commodity Exports on the Australian Terms of Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frost,   Mark; Parton,   Kevin A.
Australia has long been considered a commodity based economy, with the relationship between the terms of trade and the real exchange rate well documented. Less well documented are the determinants of the Australian terms of trade and how these have moved in response to structural change and growing internationalisation of the Australian economy. This paper examines the Australian terms of trade since 1983 and links movements with the increasing internationalisation of the Australian economy and structural changes within the export and import sectors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Terms of trade; Trade; Commodity prices; Australian economy; Resource sector; Exchange rates; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47630

Labour Standards as a Justification for Trade Barriers: Consumer Concerns, Protectionism and the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshi,   Samira; Kerr,   William A.
In this article, justifications by producers (economic protectionism), consumers and social advocates (humanitarian motives) for including labour standards in international trade agreements are discussed. To date, little work has been undertaken to determine empirically whether low labour standards lead to trade distortions. This article provides some empirical evidence pertaining to this question. Consumer groups, social advocates and traditional vested interests such as labour unions have attempted to have labour standards included in WTO disciplines. In the absence of success at the WTO, the relationship between labour standards and international trade has, however, been evolving in the areas of private standards and preferential trade agreements. Given...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumers; Food processing; Labour standards; Preferential trade agreements; Trade distortion; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90587

The Factor Content of U.S. Trade: An Explanation for the Widening Wage  Gap?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Chinkook; Hanson,   Kenneth.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35781

Economic Impacts of the GATT Agreement on the U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.; Cropp,   Robert A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12703

The Agricultural Significance of an Area That Might be Served by a Deep-Sea Port on the North Coast of New South Wales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyler,   G.J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8892

THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: LESSONS FROM REFORMS IN ISRAEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finkelshtain,   Israel; Kachel,   Yael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7176

Staple food prices in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
Prepared for the Comesa policy seminar on “Variation in staple food prices: Causes, consequence, and policy options”, Maputo, Mozambique, 25-26 January 2010 under the African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Food security; Food prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58555

Struggle for Leadership: the Competitiveness of the EU and US Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poppe,   Krijn J.; Wijnands,   Jo H.M.; van der Meulen,   Bernd M.J.; Bremmers,   Harry J.
Globalization is an important issue in the food industry, although most food is still locally produced and consumed. Many small and medium enterprises characterize the industry. Results of WTO negotiations intensify the international competition, in which the EU and USA are the largest players. Countries like Brazil, India and China are gaining market share. This raises the following research questions: 1. How competitive are the EU and US food industry and their sub-sectors? 2. Which role plays innovation and legislation in the competitiveness of the industry? 3. How will the competitiveness develop under future globalization and trade liberalization? The goal of this study is to fill these knowledge gaps.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9919

Corporate Strategies in the Telecommunications Sector in an Environment of Continuing Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borrmann,   Christine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Business; Telecommunications; Deregulation; International Relations/Trade; F23; L21; L96.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26319

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED DOHA ROUND MODALITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Matthey,   Holger; Isik,   Murat; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Hart,   Chad E.; Full,   Frank.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) provided a continuing mandate for progressive reforms to liberalize world agricultural markets. A new round of negotiation was put into motion in early 2000 and later formalized in what is now called the Doha Round. The Doha Round negotiation follows the same principle laid out in the URAA, with the introduction of three reform anchors: market access, export competition, and reduction of domestic support. This paper specifies the new schedule of commitments for each member country under the proposed modalities and assesses the potential market impacts of these changes for world agricultural markets. We specifically focus on grains, oilseeds, sugar, cotton, livestock, poultry, and dairy markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18659

Risk aversion and sustainable maize production in Nigeria: Some challenges and prospects for agricultural and economic development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olarinde,   Luke O.; Manyong,   Victor M.
This paper determines the degree or extent of farmer’s risk aversion that affects sustainable maize production in Northern Nigeria. Using a ridge regression analysis, a measure of risk aversion was derived for each individual farmer in a model of safety-first behaviour from a cross-sectional survey of 350 maize producers in northern Nigeria. The distribution of the degree of risk aversion shows a high skewness towards the risk averters (high risk farmers) and centered around 1.20, and standard deviation of 0.37. This distribution is then explained by a set of specific variables that characterize the farmers’ behaviour in the study area using a Tobit model. Susceptibility to risk was found to be highly premised on the socioeconomic factors (e.g. age of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Nigeria; Risk aversion; Tobit model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52080

Increasing U.S. Hard Red Winter Wheat Competitiveness in Latin American Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallardo,   Rosa Karina; Holcomb,   Rodney B.
The United States wheat sector leadership in world markets is facing serious challenges.  Canada, Australia, Argentina, the European Union (EU), and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are growing contenders for international wheat markets. Wheat buyers´ concerns about quality specifications and its consistency have intensified without precedents in the last years. The study focuses on identifying the attributes that wheat buyers most value at the moment of purchase.  The study will be done in two stages.  The first stage will focus in estimating preferences from actual wheat transactions from different grain-sheds in the HRW growing area.  The second stage will focus on the demand from Latin American millers and will estimate their attribute preference and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21187

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; DeRosa,   Dean A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16351

Summary of the Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
This report provides an overview of the Functional Food and Nutraceuticals (FFN) survey. The FFN survey was conducted by Statistics Canada on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The objective of the survey was to produce new statistical information on the functional food and nutraceutical sector and a profile of firms engaged in functional and/or nutraceutical-related activities in Canada.  It begins with a look at the structure of the Canadian FFN industry, then reviews the labour and capital inputs, the business relationships and intellectual property rights and ends with the impact of regulations in the Canadian FNN industry. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize the information and to provide baseline...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52703

The Future of U.S. Foreign Economic Assistance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7514

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Japan, Korea and Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honma,   Masayoshi; Hayami,   Yujiro.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48510

Trade Elasticities: The Significance of Trade Barriers, Multinationals and Market Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmadi-Esfahani,   Fredoun Z.; Anderson,   Glenn Michael.
The elasticity of price transmission measures the extent to which a change in world prices will be transmitted to an importing country, with an elasticity of less than one being attributed to trade barriers. Recent research highlights the role that multinational trading companies may play in impeding price transmission. Further, in markets characterised by monopolistic competition an estimate of the partial elasticity of demand may be of limited practical value if no account is taken of the reaction of competitors. In this paper the potential for market structure to affect price transmission and trade elasticities is demonstrated. The elasticity of price transmission has been central to a revised approach to estimation of trade elasticities and has been...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Elasticity; Price transmission; Trade barriers; Monopolistic competition; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122328

The Status of Multilateral and Bilateral Trade Talks: Implications for the U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This discussion paper provides an overview of the status of multilateral and bilateral trade talks affecting the U.S. economy, U.S. agriculture, and the U.S. dairy industry. Trade negotiations discussed reflect the complex interactions between economic and political issues that occur in U.S. presidential election years. Bilateral and regional trade negotiations have assumed more importance for the U.S. as a result of the snags that have hit World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. However, the Doha Round of WTO negotiations is not dead. Noteworthy trade agreement developments affecting the U.S. dairy industry include the U.S. - Australia Free Trade Agreement and the chance that dairy export subsidies will be substantially curtailed under the Doha Round...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral Trade Negotiations; Multilateral Trade Negotiations; Doha Round of WTO Negotiations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37503

The Conflict Between Trade Policy and Environmental Policy in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vasavada,   Utpal; Saint-Louis,   Robert; Debailleul,   Guy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50879

A Foot and Mouth Disease Induced Model of US Excess Supply of Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor; Salifou,   Samaila.
Agriculture is a vulnerable sector of the U.S economy, accounting for 13% of Gross Domestic Product and 15% of employment.  It produces quality cheap food for domestic consumption and accounts for more than $65 billion in export revenues.  Contagious animal diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) are often referred to as economic diseases because of the magnitude of harm they cause producers, local communities and the consequences in international trade.  Losses from the 2001 FMD outbreak in the United Kingdom are estimated at $10.7 to $11.7 billion. The total cost of an FMD outbreak is the sum of eradication cost, production losses, and the loss of exports.   This paper examines the export effects of a bioterrorist attack such as the introduction of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Excess supply; FMD; Beef prices; Bioterrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46053

INTERNATIONAL TRADE EDUCATION: THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Bobby H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17512

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AS A BRAND: THE CASE OF NEW ZEALAND LAMB
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clemens,   Roxanne; Babcock,   Bruce A.
New Zealand has used country-of-origin labeling (COOL) as a "“country brand”" to differentiate New Zealand lamb in international markets and increase consumer awareness of this lamb as a high-quality imported product. The case of New Zealand lamb is especially interesting as an unsubsidized commodity product competing against subsidized lamb in some of the most competitive and sophisticated retail markets in the world. Given New Zealand’'s dependence on international markets, producers, processors, and exporters needed to develop strategies to create and maintain a strong positive image for their product. This paper explores the history of New Zealand lamb exports, the focus on quality and meeting consumer specifications, and differences in the use and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brand story; COOL; Country brand; Country of origin labeling; Lamb; Lamb exports; New Zealand; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18710

History of U.S. orange juice tariff
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Carolyn.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tariff; Orange juice; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52886

Trade Liberalization in the Dairy Sector: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Lariviere,   Sylvain; Martin,   Craig.
The world dairy industry is one of the most heavily protected in the agri-food sector. Exports of dairy products are dominated by the EU, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. The major importers of dairy products are far less concentrated but include the EU, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the United States, and many others. The Canadian dairy industry came out of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations with the continued ability to practise supply management, thereby allowing it to: (1) maintain prices above world market levels and (2) control the allocation of output to the domestic market. In fact, the Agreement on Agriculture opened the door for Canada to become a more aggressive exporter of dairy products by practising price discrimination between...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Dispute; Export competition; Price discrimination; Processors; Tariffication; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23855

Die Märkte für Schlachtvieh und Fleisch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Probst,   Friedrich-Wilhelm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98112

Latin America's "New Open Regionalism" and WTO Negotiations: the case of agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Alberto; Foster,   William E.
This article analyses past trade trends and agricultural protectionism in Latin American agriculture, by examining observed changes in Latin American agriculture and trade policies over the last 20 years that have led to what the authors call the "New Open Regionalism". It also discussed the conflicting interests and various trading positions taken up by Latin American countries in multilateral trade talks, as a result of the strong heterogeneity between net agricultural exporters and importers. The authors show that the repeated failure of the Doha round of trade talks opens the door for bilateral or sub-regional free trade agreements, concluding with the prediction that regional integration in Latin America will come about as a result of agreements...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Agreements; New Open Regionalism and Agriculture; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7989

A CROSS-SECTION ANALYSIS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE U.S. PROCESSED FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartman,   Darcy A.; Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper analyzes the determinants of variation across industries in levels of intra-industry trade (IIT) for a sample of 36 U.S. processed food and beverage industries in 1987, previous studies of intra-industry trade having focused on industry characteristics in the manufacturing sectors. The determinants predicted by IIT theory are measures of product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition; the results of this analysis indicate that IIT variation across the food and beverage industries is positively related to product differentiation, U.S. total trade, similarity of tariff barriers among trade partners, and economies of scope, but negatively related to industry concentration.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26561

Technical Barriers to Trade in the European Union : Importance for the New EU Members.  An Assessment for Agricultural and Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chevassus-Lozza,   Emmanuelle; Majkovic,   Darja; Persillet,   Vanessa; Unguru,   Manuela.
This paper aims to assess the role of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) for new member states (NMSs) exports in the agri-food sector, in the period just before the EU accession actually stepped into force. The assessment is based on a detailed sectoral gravity model, which was enhanced with inclusion of different categories of NTBs: sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), quality measures and import certificates. While the first two categories have implications primarily on production costs, the last category relates to transaction costs. SPS and quality measures do not so much act as barriers to trade for NMSs agro-food exports in the period immediately before joining the single market (year 2003), and their diminishing role, confirmed by the use of gravity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-tariff barriers; Eastern European enlargement; Acquis communautaire; Gravity equation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24621

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cassing,   James; Nassar,   Saad; Siam,   Gamal; Moussa,   Hoda.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48511

AGAINST ALL ODDS: EXPLAINING THE EXPORTING SUCCESS OF DANISH PORK CO-OPERATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31771

DECOMPOSING WELFARE CHANGES IN THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Huff,   Karen.
This paper develops a complete decomposition of the change in global welfare in the GTAP model. In particular, this money metric change is broken down into component parts, each of which relates to a quantity change interacting with a distortion in the model. This enables the user to assess, for example, how much of the gains from trade reform are attributable to a given commodity and/or a given region. The commodity and region specific changes in allocative efficiency can be further decomposed by transaction/tax instrument. We find that this greatly facilitates the presentation and analysis of results from GTAP.   We motivate the derivation of this decomposition with the case of a one region, three commodity, analogue to the GTAP model. This permits us to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28708

Economic Impact of U.S. Pork Trade, 1986-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimes,   Glenn; Plain,   Ronald L.; Meyer,   Steve R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92637

LEAST COST WORLD TRADE PATTERNS FOR GRAINS AND MEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   John R.; Elaassar,   Sammy; Lessley,   Billy V.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30321

AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD'S ABILITY TO PRICE DISCRIMINATE IN BREAD WHEAT EXPORTS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Nathalie.
This study examines the ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in bread wheat exports. The conceptual model isolates the bases of price discrimination and demonstrates that the CWB's ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of the differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data provided by the CWB for exports to Japan, the United Kingdom, and two markets aggregating remaining exports through Canada's west and east coasts, for 1982-1994. The data indicate that the CWB charges different prices to different countries for wheat of the same grade and protein content. Results from the model indicate that the price difference between any two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19646

Coping with the emerging markets crisis: a view from the markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockman,   Bruce.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117173

A Comparative Study of China's and Australia's Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xufu; Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing information about the global importance of cotton as a textile and China’s and Australia’s contribution to global cotton production, this paper examines and compares trends in the time-series of cotton production of China and Australia for the period 1980-2007. In doing so, it takes account of changes in the area planted with cotton and its yield. Correlation estimates and decomposition analysis are used to determine the relative contribution to variations in the total output of cotton of changes in the total area planted with cotton and its yield in both countries. These relative contributions are found to be quite different for Australia and China. In addition, there is a comparative analysis of fluctuations in the production of cotton,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Agricultural economics; China; Cotton production; Cotton supply responses; Fibre markets; Fluctuations in agricultural production; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q00; Q10; Q11; Q13; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90622

How does tariff-rate quota modelling affect CGE results? An application for MIRAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Decreux,   Yvan; Ramos,   Maria Priscila.
Since the Uruguay Round Agricultural Agreement (URAA) entered into force in 1994, tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) have become the most widely used trade policy instrument to improve agricultural market access while at the same time controlling import volumes. Until now, the MIRAGE CGE model only takes into account the exogenous quota rents (MAcMap-HS6 database) allocated entirely to exporters. Unfortunately, this methodology does not authorise any regime when trade policy changes (e.g. a quota-volume increase for very sensitive agricultural products or a tariff reduction). In order to improve the treatment of TRQs in MIRAGE we model them as bilateral TRQs at the HS6 level using MAcMapHS6-v2 database. Assuming a simple scenario of bilateral trade agreement...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quota; TRQ; TRQ administration methods; CGE model; MIRAGE; International Relations/Trade; F13; F15; F17; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7206

Who Gains and Who Loses from China's Growth?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cheptea,   Angela.
Emerging countries have been winning large market shares since the early 1990s. Among these, China stands out with the most remarkable performance: it almost tripled its world market share since 1994 reaching 16.1% in 2007. The present paper attempts to identify the countries that have profited the most from this increase in the size of the Chinese market. I use an econometric shift-share methodology, that permits to identify for each trade flow the share of growth arising from the capacity to target the products and markets with the highest increase in demand, and the share due exclusively to exporter’s performance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Export Performance; Shift-Share; International Relations/Trade; F12; F15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114299

The Provisions on Geographical Indications in the TRIPS Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geuze,   Matthijs.
This article provides an overview of the provisions on geographical indications contained in the TRIPS Agreement and how they came about in the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, which took place from 1986 to 1994 and resulted in the establishment of the World Trade Organization. The article underscores the difficulties involved in arriving at international standards in this area of intellectual property by putting the TRIPS provisions on geographical indications in their historical perspective of more than 120 years of international negotiations and by explaining their compromise character in the context of the single undertaking of the Uruguay Round and the continuing discussions at the international level, notably under the Doha...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Geographical indications; Intellectual property; WIPO; WTO; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48792

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 700
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cochrane,   Willard W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13175

FOOD SAFETY IN FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD TRADE; CASE STUDY -- BEEF INDUSTRY IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Colin G.; Waldron,   Scott A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16553

Globalization of the Frozen Potato Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makki,   Shiva S.; Plummer,   Charles.
This paper examines the globalization of the frozen potato industry, including the expansion of production and processing of potato products in the global market place, and future prospects for the industry. Driven largely by the rising popularity of Western style cuisine, frozen french fries and other frozen potato products have become global commodities generating billions of dollars in revenue worldwide. This study finds that with markets for frozen potato products in the United States and other developed countries hardly expanding, the growth of the frozen potato industry will critically depend on industry’s ability to sustain growth in developing economies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: French fries; Frozen potato products; Globalization; Quick service restaurants; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59679

The Effects of Avian Influenza News on Consumer Purchasing Behavior:  A Case Study of Italian Consumers' Retail Purchases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Kuchler,   Fred; Leibtag,   Ephraim S.; Zhen,   Chen.
To better understand how information about potential health hazards influences food demand, this case study examines consumers’ responses to newspaper articles on avian influenza, informally referred to as bird flu. The focus here is on the response to bird flu information in Italy as news about highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) unfolded in the period October 2004 through October 2006, beginning after reports of the first outbreaks in Southeast Asia and extending beyond the point at which outbreaks were reported in Western Europe. Estimated poultry demand, as influenced by the volume of newspaper reports on bird flu, reveals the magnitude and duration of newspaper articles’ impacts on consumers’ food choices. Larger numbers of bird flu...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Bird flu; Consumer behavior; Food safety; Poultry sales and consumption; Risk perception and response; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56477

Finding a sustainable linkage between the emerging farmer and formal markets: The case of pick ‘n pay and the Zanyokwe farmers in the eastern Cape of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
A major problem confronting rural and emerging farmers is the marketing of their products. Most of the farmers encountered depend on the local or village markets which are often saturated or purchases are not backed by effective demand to make sales meaningful for the desired benefits. Small scale South African farmers have not been able to access the formal sector to sell their goods. There are several reasons for this which is linked to the nature of the historical evolution of the South African agricultural sector and in particular the food production system. Recently, it has been argued that the small scale farmers are not able to meet the standards that are set by the formal sector and are therefore responsible for their own exclusion by producing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51993

Emerging Countries: Converging or Diverging Economies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94710

Aid, Governance, and Private Foreign Investment: Some Puzzling Findings and a Possible Explanation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harms,   Philipp; Lutz,   Matthias.
Does official aid pave the road for private foreign investment or does it suffocate private initiative by diverting resources towards unproductive activities? In this paper we explore this question using data for a large number of developing and emerging economies. Controlling for countries' institutional environment, we find that, evaluated at the mean, the marginal effect of aid on private foreign investment is close to zero. Surprisingly, however, the effect is strictly positive for countries in which private agents face a substantial regulatory burden. After testing the robustness of this result, we offer a theoretical model that is able to rationalize our puzzling observation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aid; Foreign Direct Investment; Institutions; International Relations/Trade; F35; F21; O16; O19.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26128

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION IN OECD-COUNTRIES ON SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pustovit,   Nataliya; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
Agricultural protection in industrialized countries and price distortions in developing countries are accused to hamper economic and agricultural development and are partly responsible for poverty and hunger in the Third World. A multi-commodity multi-country comparative static trade model is used to simulate the impact of different policy scenarios in this typical second best world for the case of South Africa. Special emphasis is given to the disincentive effect of production and to endogenous policy responses in South Africa. In conclusion South Africa could benefit a lot by liberalizing trade and agricultural policies world wide, although it is an importer for most of the considered commodities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25828

Revenue Impacts of MPP Branded Funds: A Firm-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Jakus,   Paul M.; Davis,   George C.
The USDA's Market Access Program (formerly Market Promotion Program) recently underwent a major change to redirect all branded products export promotion funds to small domestic firms and cooperatives. The redirection responded to criticisms by the General Accounting Office of past allocations of branded products export promotion funds to large, experienced exporters. This study uses a firm-level analysis to examine whether firm size and export experience matter in how effectively firms use the promotion funds to increase their revenues. The results support neither the GAO criticisms nor the recent program redirection.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31630

THE ROLE OF BRAZIL IN THE WORLD ORANGE JUICE MARKET: A THREAT POSED BY CVC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Waldir B.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
The role of the processed citrus industry of Brazil, the largest world orange juice producer, is discussed with reference to CVC (citrus variegated chlorosis), a bacterial disease that affects one-third of the Brazilian tree inventory.  Scenarios are analyzed via a spatial equilibrium model on the impact of increased/decreased CVC incidence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brazil; CVC; Orange juice; Xylella; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19746

How to Realize Breakthrough in WTO Doha Negotiations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhou,   Jian-Ming.
Originally published by ‘Africa Link’ (www.africalink.ch/), Headquarters in Switzerland, at (http://www.africalink.ch/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=12993%3Ahow-torealize- breakthrough-in-wto-doha-negotiations&amp;catid=49%3Abusiness-andeconomy&amp; Itemid=58 =en)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Breakthrough; WTO; Doha negotiations; Agriculture; Non-agricultural market; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F; K; O; P; Q; R.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97047

The Impact of International Prices and Exchange Rates on Domestic Food Prices in Zaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minten,   Bart; Kyle,   Steven C.
In sectoral trade analysis, agriculture is generally assumed to be a tradable sector. However, this is not the case within the time frame envisioned for policy reform programs in many developing countries. In this time frame, there are no agricultural products that can be classified as purely tradable or non-tradable. Evidence from Zaire shows that exchange rate changes have a differential impact on agricultural products depending on the characteristics of the product. The classification between tradable and non-tradable is not clear cut as the price of some non-tradables is also affected by changes in the international market or changes in the exchange rate.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121303

TARIFF ESCALATION: IMPACTS ON U.S. AND GLOBAL RICE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Hoffman,   Linwood A.; Childs,   Nathan W.
Tariff escalation is an important aspect of protection for domestic milling industries, particularly in Central America. The United States exports over 40 percent of its rice as paddy. This study uses a spatial equilibrium trade model to evaluate the impacts of tariff escalation on U.S. and global long grain paddy and milled rice trade.  Tariffs are harmonized for paddy and milled rice at two levels: milled tariff rates and zero.  The results indicate that tariff escalation distorts US rice trade in favor of paddy exports, reducing the demand for rice milling and associated value-added activities in the US.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Rice; Trade; Milling; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20137

Aggregation of Tariff-Rate Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lips,   Markus; Rieder,   Peter.
For an analysis of Tariff-Rate Quotas the question arises how to aggregate them. In this paper, two alternative aggregation methods are compared, based on the magnitude of aggregated tariffs or the aggregated quota rent.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tariff-Rate Quota; Aggregation; General Equilibrium Modeling; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97325

EXCHANGE RATE MISALIGNMENT AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Guedae; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
Using a sample consisting of bilateral trade flows across 10 developed countries between 1974 and 1995, this paper explores the effect of exchange rate misalignment on the growth of agricultural trade as compared to other sectors.  Controlling for other factors likely to determine the growth in bilateral agricultural trade, the results show that long-run real exchange rate variability has had a significant negative effect on the growth of agricultural trade over this period. Keywords:  Exchange rates, misalignment, agricultural trade
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Misalignment; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21824

SOCIAL EXCHANGE RATES, MERCOSUR AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Leo da Rocha.
The path towards a common market requires an alignment of macroeconomic policies. In the case of the MERCOSUL member countries, the observed disparities in the exchange, tax and monetary policies constitute major imbalances and impede future international economic integration. Apart from residual differences on trade policies among the member countries, macroeconomic policy disparities also reflect populism and the resulting lack of political will and mutual commitment with the regional goals.  There is general professional agreement that, under a fixed exchange rate regimen with trade protection, the social exchange rate exceeds the official and/or market rate. Accordingly, the adoption of an exchange regimen with flexible exchange rates certeris paribus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25880

Analysis for Western Hemisphere Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldrich,   Lorna M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50819

ECONOMICS OF TARIFF-RATE QUOTA ADMINISTRATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skully,   David W.
The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576

Die Märkte für Getreide, Ölsaaten und Kartoffeln
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uhlmann,   Friedrich.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98109

THE IMPACT OF THE FOOD SECURITY ACT OF 1985 ON U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Kenneth W.
A major objective of the Food Security Act of 1985 was to make the United States more competitive in world markets. U.S. wheat exports in 1987/88 were 75 percent above their 1985/86 level. This paper analyzes the change in U.S. competitiveness in wheat exports by quantitatively assessing those factors responsible for this export expansion. The results indicate that about half of the increase can be attributed to the provisions of the 1985 Act. About 40 percent of the increase is due to nonprice factors in the Soviet Union and China - namely production shortfalls and domestic policies - that increased import demand. The rest is due to reduced competitor yields.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30095

DOUBLE DIVIDEND WITH TRADE DISTORTIONS: ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND EVIDENCE FROM CHILE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dessus,   Sebastien.
This paper contributes to the double dividend debate with a formal analysis and some numerical evidence emphasizing trade and environmental distortions with a substitution of environmental taxes for trade distortions.  We derive existence conditions and we empirically explore the trade/environment double dividend with an applied general equilibrium model of Chile.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Double dividend; Trade and environment; Piecemeal reform; Policy coordination; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21509

Has Imported Rice Crowded-out Domestic Rice Production in Ghana? What has Been the Role of Policy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel; Osei-Asare,   Yaw Bonsu.
Commercial rice imports have accounted for approximately 61%, food aid in rice accounted for about 2%, and domestic rice accounted for some 37% per annum of rice consumption in Ghana over the four years between 2000 and 2003. Compared to the 1990s, these figures show a gradual decline in the share of local rice production in the total quantities of rice consumed in the country. On the other hand, the proportion of food aid in rice consumed has remained relatively constant over the period, while the proportion of commercial imports has increased steadily. Using the Engel-Granger residual-based co-integration test, a market integration analysis was explored for imported rice and domestic rice which compared a central market for imported rice and five key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Market integration Policy; Rice; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52002

Natural Protection from International Competition in the Livestock Industry: Analysis, Examples and Vietnam's Pork Market as a Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Lapar,   Ma. Lucila A.; Staal,   Steven J.; Que,   Nguyen Ngoc.
In some countries, local agricultural products (particularly livestock products) are shielded from international competition by ‘natural’ factors influencing the purchase of products. These factors include strong local tastes (or preferences) that favour the local product and the absence (or relative absence) of complementary retail outlets or home appliances suitable for storing and preparing potential imported substitutes. The desire for fresh meat rather than chilled or frozen meat, the absence or limited accessibility of supermarket outlets and limited refrigeration possibilities in homes can limit imports into developed countries of meat supplied by developed countries. From consumer’s perspectives these fresh or raw products are significantly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Asia; Economies of scale; Farm sizes; Household agriculture; Industrial agriculture; Pigs; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q1; Q11; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90628

Interactions Between Food Market Reform and Regional Trade in Zimbabwe and South Africa: Implications for Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Takavarasha,   T.; van Zyl,   Johan.
A major role of agricultural policy is to identify policy changes that may induce technological innovation and productivity growth throughout the food system, in order to increase the living standards of people who must relate to it in one way or another. While food market reform has been subject to contentious and often emotional debate over the last decade in Africa, the debate has generally been over assumptions about how food markets work in reality as opposed to theory, and how markets actually respond to particular forms of policy change. The lack of consensus is partially due to a shortage of empirical, ground-level information linking specific policies to specific impacts. It is in this context that we draw on applied analysis in Southern Africa to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food market reform; Regional trade; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Downloads May 2008-July 2009: 35; Q18.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54703

GOING WEST IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: MIGRATION AND EU ENLARGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delbecq,   Benoit A.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Citizens of EU Member States have the fundamental right of free movement within the EU Union, and of freely choosing where to live and work within the EU. However, this right was temporarily constrained for citizens of the new Member States following the enlargement of the EU from 15 to 27 Member States. The severity of restrictions for newcomers varied substantially across the 15 old Member States. This paper analyzes whether the variations in entry restrictions influenced the distribution of migrants across the EU-15 states. To assess the effects of entry restrictions, it models and compares the distribution of migrants across the EU-15 countries prior to the enlargement with that after the enlargement. The analysis uses aggregate data on migrant stocks...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Immigration; EU Enlargement; Immigration Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58946

An Examination of the Impacts of Exchange Rate Volatility on Sectoral Trade in the Mercosur
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larson,   Donald W.; Bittencourt,   Maurício Vaz Lobo; Thompson,   Stanley R.
This study captures the lack of macroeconomic policy coordination among Mercosur countries, through the impact of real bilateral exchange rate volatility on trade. A sectoral gravity model is estimated under two different measures of exchange rate volatility. Results show that the reduction in exchange rate volatility can increase bilateral trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19572

International Standards and Impacts on Data Needs (Paper and PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hedley,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8022

VÁLTOZÁSOK ELŐTT AZ UNIÓS GABONAPIAC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jambor,   Attila.
A gabonaágazat az uniós agrárrendszer meghatározó tényezője a KAP meg-alakulásától kezdve. A több évtizede fennálló támogatási politika azonban ma-napság a WTO tárgyalások és a belső problémák miatt megdőlni látszik, válto-zásra kényszerítve az ágazati szereplőket. A legújabb reformtervek középpont-jában az exporttámogatások megszüntetésének gondolata áll, amelynek hatásai hosszú távon jelentkeznek. A cikk célja, hogy bemutassa, milyen döntési lehető-ségei vannak egy ilyen tervezet kapcsán az Európai Uniónak és azok milyen kö-vetkezményekkel járhatnak. A tanulmány alapján az Európai Unió számára a gabonapiacon elméletileg három fő döntési lehetőség kínálkozik, ezek közül a cikk végkövetkeztetése szerint azonban csak egyetlen út a fokozatos haladás...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU-gabonapiac; WTO-tárgyalások; Exporttámogatások; Intervenció; EU cereal market; WTO negotiation; Export support; Intervention; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54417

SUPPLY, DEMAND AND TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN CHINA MARKETING OPPOTUNITIES; WORLD TRADE COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Huang,   Jikun.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32956

FOOD REGULATION AND TRADE: TOWARD A SAFE AND OPEN GLOBAL SYSTEM -- AN OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.; Roberts,   Donna; Orden,   David.
A synopsis is presented of challenges faced and WTO performance in disciplining national technical measures to achieve legitimate objectives in a least-trade-distorting manner. Importance of the measures and international disciplines are reviewed and evidence presented from multiple perspectives that suggests a limited constructive WTO role.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20008

Analysis of Trade and Environmental Policy Options on the Basis of a National Agricultural Sector Model with Multifunctional Outputs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Gerald.
Studies on liberalisation normally do not take into account the external benefits and costs of agriculture. Empirical studies on the valuation of externalities should be integrated into quantitative modelling. MULTSIM is a national supply model of agriculture. Besides commodity output the model depicts also external benefit linked to landscape preservation and external environmental costs of agriculture. Internalisation scenarios are defined showing that the reduction of commodity-linked support and the introduction of land subsidies and intermediate input taxes have differentiated impacts on the farm types’ competitiveness. A comprehensive policy approach to multifunctional agriculture requires market feedbacks to be taken into account. Internalising...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental costs; Multifunctional agriculture; Policy analysis; Agricultural sector modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98362

The Effects of Trade Liberalization in Textiles and Clothing on the Greek Market for Cotton Yarn: A Multi-Market Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitrios,   Dadakas; Stelios,   Katranidis D.
The Round of Uruguay (1987-1995) signaled the end of the Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) for textiles and clothing. The quota regime, in place since 1974, was decided, according to the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC; 1995), to be gradually eliminated by the year 2005. As a result, prices of cotton yarn in the world markets decreased affecting producers in all cotton yarn exporting countries, including Greece. At the same time, the labor cost in the western industrialized countries remained high, or even increased, exerting further pressure on yarn producers. The present paper examines these changes for the cotton yarn industry in Greece, the sector under consideration in this paper. We use a multi-market partial equilibrium model which allows us to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25779

THE IMPACTS OF MARKET POWER AND EXCHANGE RATES ON PRICES OF EUROPEAN UNION SOYBEAN IMPORTS..
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odeh,   Oluwarotimi O.; Peterson,   Hikaru Hanawa.
This study examines whether the EU, the world's largest importer, exercises market power over soybean imports.  Results, based on 1975-2000 data, suggest that the EU has practiced price discrimination against imports from Argentina and Brazil.  The evidence for the practice of pricing-to-market based on exchange rate changes is mixed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35137

Determinants and Welfare Impacts of Export Crop Cultivation - Empirical Evidence from Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuhlgatz,   Christian; Abdulai,   Awudu.
This paper investigates the determinants of farm households‟ participation in export cropping and the impact of export cropping on household welfare, using cross-sectional data obtained from the Ghanaian living standards survey 2005-6. Given the problem of selectivity bias that arise when households self-select into export cropping, we employ the full information maximum likelihood approach to analyze the participation decision, and generalized propensity matching approach to examine the welfare impacts of participation. The empirical results indicate that farmers facing lower transport costs and having better access to credit facilities are more likely to participate in export cropping. Estimates of the welfare impacts of export cropping generally reveal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export crops; Farm households; Household welfare; Poverty; Generalized propensity score; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114692

Sensitive Product Treatment in Agricultural Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.; Sharp,   Misti.
The fact that trade, and especially agricultural trade, remains far from free is puzzling, since the superiority of free trade receives overwhelming support among economists (Gawande and Krishna, 2003; Rodrik, 1994). International trade scholars have devoted significant resources to forecasting the impact of trade policy reforms (for a survey of these studies see Congressional Budget Office, 2005), and their findings are relevant inputs for officials negotiating a trade agreement as well as for politicians in charge of ratifying it. The perceived gains and losses attached to different outcomes have been identified as a significant factor shifting the outcome of a trade agreement negotiation (McMillan, 1990). Less well-known are the factors that would...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade negotiations; Agricultural trade; Free trade agreements; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F59; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103835

Factors Determining EU-Competitiveness of the Hungarian Agriculture: Trade policy approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halmai,   Peter; Elekes,   Andrea.
As regards EU accession of Hungary one of the most important questions is how the adaptation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will affect the competitiveness of the Hungarian agriculture. Competitive effects of CAP can be revealed in several ways (quantitative, comparative analysis, simulations etc.) but the results may differ significantly. That is why it is interesting to compare the results of different methods. This paper concentrates on the competitive effects of changing trade policy by comparing the results of comparative analyses (producer prices, export subsidy systems and import protection) and simulations. The results of the simulation confirm the conclusion that the CAP adaptation will favour basically the cereal production. CAP...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU accession; Trade policy; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24928

Quantification of Sanitary, Phytosanitary, and Technical Barriers to Trade for Trade Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe.
This paper presents promising methodologies for modeling and quantifying nontariff barriers (NTB) to trade in the agricultural and food sectors. We limit the analysis to sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact on trade and to methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium, trade flows, economic efficiency, and welfare. Given the heterogeneous nature of these regulations, a unifying methodology does not exist. Quantification of the effects of such measures has focused on a particular product and has relied on methods that belong to different fields of the economic literature. We provide a concise description and evaluation of the various methods available for a more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Non-tariff barriers; NTB; Policy; Sanitary and phytosanitary; SPS; TBT; Technical barriers to trade; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18620

Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Poverty and Inequality in Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cicowiez,   Martin; Diaz-Bonilla,   Carolina; Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio.
Using the most recent estimates of agricultural price distortions, this chapter studies the economic, poverty, and income inequality impacts of both global and domestic trade reform in Argentina, with a special focus on export taxes. Argentina offers an interesting case study as the only large agricultural exporter that has, at many points in its history, applied export taxes to several of its agricultural products. The chapter combines results from a global economy-wide model (World Bank’s Linkage model), a national CGE model, and microsimulations. The results suggest that liberalization of world trade (including subsidies and import taxes, but not export taxes), both for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, reduces poverty and inequality in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52793

Extending General Equilibrium to the Tariff Line: U.S. Dairy in the Doha Development Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rutherford,   Thomas F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21409

Market Delineation and Price Leadership in the World Wheat Market: A Cointegration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghoshray,   Atanu.
Wheat types may be classified according to strength, a baking characteristic. Since the demand for wheat is derived demand, the baking characteristic is directly related to end use. Accordingly, the wheat classes that are used in this study are divided into sub-groups according to strength, that is, strong, medium, and weak wheats. Time-series methods are employed to determine how the different classes of wheats are related within each sub-group. The different wheats under the different sub-groups are found to be substitutes to various degrees, but form a robust cointegrating relationship, implying that the wheat prices in these markets are bound together by a long-term equilibrium relationship. Within each of the sub-groups, the U.S. wheats were found to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Wheat; Price leadership; Market segmentation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10209

Impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on international trade in fruit and vegetables: A gravity model approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiemann,   Franziska; Fleming,   Euan M.; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Globalization results when markets become more integrated because of reduced transaction and transport costs. These costs have fallen because of sustained advances in transport technology and, more dramatically, in digital information and communication technology (ICT). Although communication costs tend to be a minor component of total trading costs, reductions in these costs may strongly stimulate international trade. The empirical evidence in support of this effect is, however, scant and its strength may depend on the composition of ICT and the nature of the product being traded. We test the hypothesis of an ICT effect on trade in bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and vegetables and fruit in general. We employ a gravity model of international trade between...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Information and communication technology (ICT); International trade; Fruit and vegetables; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123839

Economics of Fish Marketing in Central Uganda: A Preliminary Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bukenya,   James O.; Hyuha,   Theodora; Twinamasiko,   Julius; Molnar,   Joseph J.
The paper examines profitability and market performance of small-scale fish traders selected randomly from a cross-section of nine fish markets in four districts in Central Uganda. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire which was designed to solicit information on traders’ socio-economic characteristics, marketing characteristics, operating costs and returns, and problems associated with fish marketing in the study area. Percentages were used to describe the socio-economic characteristics, market characteristic and problems associated with fish marketing while gross profit and marketing performance models were used to determine profitability, marketing margin and operational efficiency, respectively. The results suggest that fish trade is...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fish marketing; Survey data; Gross profit; Market margin; Operational efficiency; Uganda; Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119527

Special and Differential Treatments in World Trade Rules: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manero-Salvador,   Ana.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Special and Differential Treatments in World Trade Rules" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9242

Export Structure, FDI and Child Labour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Braun,   Sebastian.
The paper addresses the linkage between certain aspects of the increasing economic integration of world markets and the level of child labour. We empirically examine, first, the often-cited conventional wisdom that multinational enterprises invest in countries where the extent of child labour is relatively high and, second, the concern that countries may gain an unfair comparative advantage in trade by using child labour. The results indicate that multinationals are highly sensitive with respect to the location of their transplants and prefer countries with lower levels of child labour. The opposite outcome applies to child labour and comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, where we find a statistically significant positive relationship. Based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child Labour; Economic Integration; Trade; FDI; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F15; J82.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26174

Competitiveness of Broiler Producers in North America Under Alternative Free Trade Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golz,   Joel T.; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23395

Chinese Tariff Rate Quota v.s. U.S. Subsidies: What Affects the World Cotton Market More?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Ethridge,   Don E.
Paper replaced with new version 8/17/05
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; International trade; Subsidies; TRQ; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19111

Agriculture and Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Damian C.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93679

Globalisation, WTO and Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This overview is divided into two main sections. The first sections reviews the literature on the impact of economic globalisation (involving of liberalisation of international trade and investment) on the state of the environment and sustainable development. While the WTO and Bretton Woods institutions believe that this impact can be expected to be favourable, divergent rational views can be found in the economics literature. A review of the relevant literature reveals that the situation is far from being black-and-white – there are grounds for rational doubt not withstanding the use of Environmental Kuznet’s curves, which on the surface seem to provide grounds for optimism.  The second main section dealt with the attitude and policies pursued by GATT-WTO...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Globalisation; Trade investment; Resource and environmental conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48009

Non-Traditional Export Crops in Guatemala: Short-Term Tool or Long-Term Strategy for Poverty Alleviation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Kilic,   Talip; Kirk,   Angeli.
This study is the first to document the long-term welfare effects of household non-traditional agricultural export (NTX) adoption. We use a unique panel dataset, which spans the period of 1985-2005, and employ difference-in-differences estimation to investigate the long-term impact of NTX adoption on changes in household consumption status and asset position in Santiago Sacatepéquez municipality of Guatemala. Given the heterogeneity in adoption patterns, we differentiate the impact estimates based on a classification of households that takes into account the timing and duration of NTX adoption. Our results show that while, on average, welfare levels have improved for all households irrespective of adoption status and duration, the extent of improvement...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Non-Traditional Export Crops; Long-Term Welfare Effects; Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52866

The analysis of money demand for Uganda (1986:1-2003:4)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nabiddo,   Winnie.
The paper presents an empirical analysis of money demand in Uganda over the period 1986:1-2003:4. Two definition of money were used and tests for co-integration between the monetary aggregates and real money balance were carried out. The empirical results show that income is positively related to money demand while exchange rate, inflation and interest rates have a negative impact on money demand and there is a degree of substitution from non-interest to interest bearing financial assets and holding of foreign currency. the money demand functions remained stables for the entire period, as confirmed by the chow tests.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Money demand; Inflation rates; Interest rates; Exchange rates; Nabiddo; Economic policy research center; Foreign currency; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54936

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rashid,   Shahidur; Assefa,   Meron; Ayele,   Gezahegn.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48519

The Impact of NAFTA on Agricultural Commodity Trade: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman.
This paper examines the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement on agricultural commodity trade using extensive data.  The data cover agricultural exports and imports between the U.S. and NAFTA partners over the extended period of 1989-2010.  The commodities covered in our analyses include; corn, soy bean, cotton, wheat, fresh vegetables, poultry, dairy products, and red meats.  Since the signing of the agreement, U.S. total agricultural commodity trade with NAFTA members has increased three-fold from $18 billion in 1994 to $61 billion in 2010.  A partial equilibrium model, in which we derive each trading partner's excess demand and excess supply, is used to study the impact of NAFTA on trade, controlling for other trade-inducing variables such...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agricultural commodities; Trade; Partial equilibrium analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119730

Augmented Gravity Model: An Empirical Application to Mercosur-European Union Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez-Zarzoso,   Inmaculada; Nowak-Lehmann,   Felicitas.
This paper applies the gravity trade model to assess Mercosur-European Union trade, and trade potential following the agreements reached recently between both trade blocs. The model is tested for a sample of 20 countries, the four formal members of Mercosur plus Chile and the fifteen members of the European Union. A panel data analysis is used to disentangle the time invariant country-specific effects and to capture the relationships between the relevant variables over time. We find that the fixed effect model is to be preferred to the random effects gravity model. Furthermore, a number of variables, namely, infrastructure, income differences and exchange rates added to the standard gravity equation, are found to be important determinants of bilateral...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gravity equation; Panel data; Infrastructure; Integration; International Relations/Trade; F14; F15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43996

The Impacts of Trade Barriers and Market Interventions on Maize Price Predictability: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapoto,   Antony; Jayne,   Thomas S.
There is continuing debate in east and southern Africa about the effects of food market reform on the welfare of small-scale farmers and low-income consumers. At the center of this debate is the perception that food prices have become more unstable in countries that have liberalized their staple food markets, thereby exacerbating the plight of poor consumers and farmers. This perception has led many governments in the region to shun an open maize borders policy and pursue a variety of food marketing and trade policy tools to stabilize food prices. Unfortunately, there remains a dearth of empirical evidence on the effects of alternative food marketing and trade policies, including that of liberalization, on price stability and predictability. Assessments of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Maize; Trade; Markets; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56798

Agglomeration Effects and Japanese Food Industry Investment in China: Evidence from the Cities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Shaosheng; Tokunaga,   Suminori; Akune,   Yuko; Kageyama,   Masahiro.
This paper uses the data from Chugoku Shinshutsu Kigyou Ichiran 2003-2004 (A View of Japanese Enterprises Investments in China 2003-2004) to study 1ocation choice of Japanese food industry investment in 231 Chinese cities from 1992 to 2001, paying a particular attention to agglomeration effects. A negative binominal model indicates that labor cost (WAGE) is the most important factor that deters Japanese food industry investment. Market size (GDP), raw material (MATER), port (PORT) and policy incentives (POLICY), however, have positive effects in Japanese food industry investment location choice in China. As for the three-tier agglomeration effects' test, the agglomeration effects of Japanese manufactures agglomeration (AG2) and Japanese food manufactures...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Agglomeration; Japan; China; FDI; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F21; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25307

Caribbean Food Import Demand:  Influence of the Changing Dynamics of the Caribbean Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walters,   Lurleen M.; Jones,   Keithly G.
Using FAO data for 1961-2009, this study characterizes the trends in Caribbean food imports and uses the Central Bureau Statistics demand system to estimate import demand parameters.  The findings and policy implications of the study are evaluated in the context of Caribbean food security concerns.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Food imports; Import demand parameters; Central Bureau Statistics demand system; Food security; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119724

The Future Role of the U.S. in World Dairy Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
U.S. dairy companies became more important exporters beginning in the mid-2000s when international and domestic developments changed the economic environment facing the U.S. dairy industry. This paper looks at five U.S. dairy firms and how their domestic and international strategies will influence the size of the U.S. dairy industry's dairy exports and foreign direct investment in dairy-food businesses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Dairy Exports; International Dairy Industry; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37245

MANAGING AN BORDER THREAT: BSE AND COOL EFFECTS ON THE CANADIAN BEEF INDUSTRY (TEACHING NOTE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brewin,   Derek G.; Carlberg,   Jared G.; Rude,   James.
Teaching Note for "Managing a Border Threat: BSE and COOL Effects on the Canadian Beef Industry" by Carlberg et al. Review of Agricultural Economics—Volume 31, Number 4—Pages 952–962.  The note discusses BSE and COOL trade impact using three panel trade diagrams and reviews other policy options facing Canadian policy makers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Teaching Case Study; Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; BSE; Country of Origin Labeling; COOL; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90434

The ERS Trade Liberalization Study: Methods and Preliminary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ballenger,   Nicole.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50674

COMPETITIVIDADE, ESPECIALIZAÇÃO E VANTAGEM COMPARATIVA DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO NO MERCADO INTERNACIONAL: UM ESTUDO DE INDICADORES DE COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR NO PERÍODO 1996- 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Paula Luciana; Pereira,   Benedito Dias; Faria,   Alexandre Magno; Silva,   Gerson Rodrigues; Zavala,   Arturo Zavala.
Este artigo identifica os grupos de produtos do estado de Mato Grosso que exibem vantagens competitivas no comércio exterior durante o período 1996-2007. Para tanto, com base em dados da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior do Ministério da Indústria e Comércio, estimam-se indicadores de Comércio Exterior, tais como VCR (Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas), ICSC (Índice de Contribuição ao Saldo da Balança Comercial) e TX (Taxa de Cobertura). Além disso, identificam-se pontos fortes e pontos fracos desse comércio. De modo geral os resultados apontam que o Estado possui vantagens competitivas nos grupos de produtos: I (produtos do reino animal), II (produtos do reino vegetal), III (óleo e gorduras vegetais), IV (produtos das indústrias alimentícias e bebidas), VIII...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitividade; Vantagem comparativa relevada; Comércio exterior; Competitiveness; Emphasized comparative advantage; External trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114003

The Relationship between Oil, Exchange Rates, and Commodity Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harri,   Ardian; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Hudson,   Darren.
Exchange rates have long been thought to have an important impact on the export and import of goods and services, and, thus, exchange rates are expected to influence the price of those products that are traded. At the same time, energy impacts commodity production in some very important ways. The use of chemical and petroleum derived inputs has increased in agriculture over time; the prices of these critical inputs, then, would be expected to alter supply, and, therefore, the prices of commodities using these inputs. Also, agricultural commodities have been increasingly used to produce energy, thereby leading to an expectation of a linkage between energy and commodity markets. In this paper, we examine the price relationship through time of the primary...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Commodity prices; Crude oil; Exchange rates; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C32; L71; Q11; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53095

Country of Origin Labeling for Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: VanSickle,   John J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; M3.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94689

Deficits and Agriculture: An Alternative Parable
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Just,   Richard E.; Chambers,   Robert G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51240

Agricultural Household Response to Avian Influenza Prevention and Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Poulos,   Christine; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa have caused severe impacts on the poultry sector through bird mortality and culling, as well as resulting trade restrictions and negative demand shocks. Although poultry producers play a major role in preventing and controlling avian influenza, little research has examined the influence of their farm-level decision making on the spread of the disease. In this study, we describe farm behavior under livestock disease risk and discuss data and analyses necessary to generate sound empirical evidence to inform public avian influenza prevention and control measures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Avian influenza; Control measures; Economic epidemiology; Livestock disease; Poultry production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6537

EFFECTS OF PORT USER FEES ON EXPORT GRAIN FLOW PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viscencio-Brambila,   Hector; Fuller,   Stephen W.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the proposed deep draft port user fee on export grain flow patterns and provide insight into potential marketing system adjustment costs which may result from diverted flows.  A multiperiod, network flow model is used to conduct the analysis.  Analyses show grain flow patterns to be affected most by a port specific fee which is based on weight.  The annual variation in flows generated by imposition of port user charges in generally less than the historical year-to-year variation and, in most cases, the altered port area flows can be accommodated by existing infrastructure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29774

Costs and Benefits of a WTO Dispute: The Economic Assessment; Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Javelosa,   Josyline C.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Costs and Benefits of a WTO Dispute: Philippine Bananas and the Australian Market" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23823

Agri-food Trade Specialisation Pattern in the New EU Member States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; Bartova,   Lubica.
The paper analyses development of agri-food trade specialisation pattern in eight EU Member States of the 2004 and 2007 enlargements (NMS) during the period 2000 – 2005. Over the period analysed, the NMS were not able to hold trade positions in the most competitive commodities, but on the other hand, positions of a number of previously uncompetitive commodities improved. We show convergence of dynamism of agri-food trade specialisation across NMS in trade with the partners/groupings investigated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; Specialisation; EU Member States of 2004 and 2007 enlargements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44124

Homeland Security and the Rules of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
International trade law is very clear: national security concerns take precedent over any commitments in trade agreements. In response to the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001, the United States and other countries have been putting in place new anti-terrorist measures, many of which will act to inhibit international trade. As with any measure that inhibits international trade, these new measures will provide an economic benefit to domestic vested interests in importing countries. Guarding against the possibility of terrorist acts is by nature a speculative activity, and it is difficult to refute the need for the anti-terrorist measures put in place by governments. As a result, trading partners may be frustrated by what...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agents; Capture; Cost; Essential security interests; Homeland security; National security; Protectionism; Terrorism; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23852

An EU-Canada bilateral trade agreement: A DefraTAP application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kitou,   Elisavet; Philippidis,   George.
The first round of negotiations held in Ottawa on the 19th October, 2009, heralded the opening of bilateral trade talks intent on reaching a Canadian-European Union (EU27) free trade area (FTA) agreement. A second round of negotiations were staged in Brussels in January, whilst further rounds are scheduled for 2010, with the longer term aim of ratifying an agreement within 24-30 months. Although stumbling blocs will be encountered, the divergent political interests of each region are compatible. In Canada, a FTA with its second largest trading partner offers a viable alternative to its current overdependence on the US. Similarly, the EU27 sees an opportunity to regain a competitive foothold in the North American market. This paper re-examines the long run...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU27; Canada; Economic integration; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; C68; F11; F15; F17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91679

THE WINE MARKET IN JAPAN: MARKET COMPETITION AMONG EXPORTING COUNTRIES AND THE STRATEGY OF US WINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arahata,   Katsumi.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure of wine consumption in the Japanese market, focusing on the consumption in households. Considering various tendencies of Japanese eating and drinking habits nowadays related to wine consumption, the model was built and empirically estimated. The data to be investigated was household's data from the past twenty-seven years of official statistics. It was found that Japanese households show high income elasticity for wine demand. The strategy to prioritize department store distribution was demonstrated to be effective due to the fact that wine consumption in the high income class is steadily high, while the sensitivity to income and compatibility of foods is higher in middle income classes. However, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wine consumption; Compatibility of foods with wine; Price elasticity; Income elasticity; Influence of recession; International Relations/Trade; Q110; Q130.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20296

EFFECTS OF AN EXPORT SUBSIDY ON THE U.S. COTTON INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duffy,   Patricia A.; Wohlgenant,   Michael K.
In this study, the effects of an export subsidy for cotton are analyzed using a linear elasticity model. The study explicitly addresses the interaction of current domestic policies with the proposed export subsidy. An export subsidy may be a successful method of reducing the government costs of the cotton program.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30050

Meeting the Global Challenge: A Strong Research/Extension Interface
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Sanders,   Larry D.; Scearce,   W. Keith.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60031

Pervasiveness and Patterns of Non-tariff Measures Affecting EU Agri-food Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walkenhorst,   Peter.
Evaluating the importance of non-tariff measures (NTMs) remains a major challenge.  This paper reports evidence on the prevalence of NTMs in the agri-food sector based on an EU inventory of business complaints.  This data source has the advantage of drawing on experiences of economic agents that are directly involved in trading activities, of containing information on domestic governance issues, and of covering procedural aspects of NTMs.  The results suggest that business complaints about price control measures, quantitative import controls, monopolistic measures, technical measures, and certification are particularly frequent.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26448

Exchange Rates Impacts on Agricultural Inputs Prices using VAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Shaik,   Saleem; Allen,   Albert J.
The effects of the U.S. dollar exchange rate versus the Mexican peso are evaluated for four traded nonfarm-produced inputs (fertilizer, chemicals, farm machinery, and feed) in the U.S. Unit root tests suggest that the exchange rate and the four input price ratios support the presence of unit roots with a trend model but the presence unit roots can be rejected in the first difference model. This result is consistent with a fixed price/flex price conceptual framework, with industrial prices more likely to be unresponsive to the exchange rate than farm commodity prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Pass-through; Law of one price; SUR; VAR; Agribusiness; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; F14; F31; F36; F42; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53096

OPTIMAL COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN GENERIC ADVERTISING, EXPORT MARKET PROMOTION AND COST-OF-PRODUCTION REDUCING RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cranfield,   John A.L.
Optimal investment rules are developed for a producer agency investing in domestic market generic advertising, export market promotion, and cost of production reducing research.  Analytical results show fundamental difference in optimal investment rules when the producer group is assumed to maximise either producers' surplus or social surplus.  Incorporating a constraint limiting total expenditure on the three activities substantially alters the structure of the optimal investment rules.  Results highlight the importance of accounting for the financing mechanism when modelling optimal producer investment.  Simulation of the optimal intensities suggests the proposed budget of the Canadian Beef Cattle Research Market Development and Promotion Agency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34135

EXCHANGE RATE AND TRADE POLICY EFFECTS ON U.S. POULTRY EXPORT PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ablayeva,   Bella; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Houston,   Jack E.
The impact of the ruble devaluation on U.S. poultry meat exports to the Russian market was simulated as the combined effects of an export subsidy and a tariff on imports using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and data. Russian imports fell while domestic prices rose. U.S. poultry exports and dark meat prices declined.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16711

Bilateral Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Correlation versus Causation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma.
The rapid and concurrent increase in both foreign investment and government efforts to attract foreign investment at the end of last century makes the question of causality between the two both interesting and challenging. I take up this question for the case of the nearly 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that have been signed since 1980. Using data on bilateral investment outflows from OECD countries, I test whether BITs stimulate investment in twenty eight low- and middle-income countries. In contrast to previous studies that have found a strong effect from BIT participation, I explicitly model and empirically account for the endogeneity of BIT adoption. I also test for a signaling effect from BITs. I find that the initially strong correlation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7188

On the Conditions that Preclude the Existence of the Lerner Paradox and the Metzler Paradox
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Endoh,   Masahiro; Hamada,   Koichi.
The Lerner paradox is the possibility that a tariff on an import good might worsen a country’s terms of trade, and the Metzler paradox is the possibility that a tariff on an import good might reduce a country’s import price.  In a general equilibrium framework with multiple goods, this paper shows that the combination of the invertibility of the Slutsky matrix for the world economy and its similarity across countries will preclude both of the paradoxes, and that the combination of the gross-substitutes assumption for the world demand and the substitute assumption for the demand of an import country property of goods will preclude the Lerner paradox.  A modified condition for the Slutsky matrix combined with the gross substitute for the world demand will do...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28495

GOING EAST: EU ENLARGEMENT TO CENTRAL EUROPE, AND THE AGENDA 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Kirschke,   Dieter; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Herok,   Claudia Anna.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14481

The EU revised organic import regulation: What do the stakeholders think?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uysal,   Ozlem Karahan; Miran,   Bulent; Abay,   Canan; Boyaci,   Murat; Stolze,   Matthias; Huber,   Beate.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114822

The WTO and the Cartagena Protocol: International Policy Coordination or Conflict?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isaac,   Grant E.
International policy coordination is a challenging exercise requiring policy rapprochement among sovereign nations that often have very different political economy situations. Successful efforts may even result in the creation of multilateral paradigms such as trade agreements or multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). Typically, there is overlap between these independent paradigms; sometimes in the nexus there is policy coordination and other times there is conflict. An understanding of the factors that account for coordination and conflict is crucial in ensuring that any benefits from policy coordination that may be achieved in one paradigm are not eroded through conflicts with another paradigm. This article presents a case study of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45734

Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Module: Land Use in Rural New Zealand—Climate Version 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendy,   Joanna; Kerr,   Suzi.
Several different New Zealand economic models produce measures of rural economic activity that have greenhouse gas implications. For climate change analysis, models need to translate economic activity into greenhouse gas emissions. This document estimates functions and creates projections for land-use related greenhouse gas emissions per unit of economic activity that are simple; are based on readily available data and strong science; are consistent with the national inventory in 2002; evolve so that implied net emissions approximately match past inventory totals (1990–2002); and can be linked easily to a variety of models so they can be used in simulations. We estimate dynamic greenhouse gas emission functions for five land uses: dairy, sheep, beef,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Carbon dioxide; Scrub; Forest; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98501

Aspekte der Agrarpolitik 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudloff,   Bettina; Heckelei,   Thomas; Rasch,   Sebastian.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97519

Poverty and Income Distribution in Latin America: On the Complementarities Between Trade Policy and Social Public Spending
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94204

THE IMPACTS OF LESSER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ON SOUTHERN REGION AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Ruppel,   Fred J.
Lesser developed countries (LDCs) serve as both customers and competitors for agricultural commodities produced in the Southern region of the United States.  This paper focuses on the impacts of LDCs on exports of the major agricultural commodities produced in the South (cotton, rice, tobacco, poultry, and, to a lesser extent, citrus and peanuts).  First the importance of LDCs as export markets for Southern commodities is explored.  Then the role LDCs play as producers and exporters of these commodities is considered.  Finally, these separate roles are combined into an index of LDC competitiveness with Southern agricultural commodities.  Data analysis shows that Southern agricultural interests truly are divided over the role LDCs play in Southern...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31638

WORLD DAIRY PRODUCT TRADE: ANALYSIS WITH A MIXED COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEM FORMULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nicholson,   Charles F.; Bishop,   Phillip M.
World trade in dairy products is being transformed by trade policy liberalization and technological change in dairy processing.  The mixed complementarity problem formulation to modeling product-specific dairy trade can overcome a number of the limitations of existing optimization models, and can facilitate desirable extensions to previous analyses.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20754

THE ROAD AHEAD: AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE WTO -- SUMMARY REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burfisher,   Mary E.
Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countriesvthat use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organization (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34067

The Impacts on U.S. Cattle Prices of Re-Establishing Beef Trade Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29180

THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE OF THE MEXICAN MARKET FOR U.S. COTTON: IMPACT OF THE ELIMINATION OF TEXTILE AND CLOTHING QUOTAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Jose Enrique; Malaga,   Jaime E.
Accounting for about 20% of U.S. total cotton exports in recent years, the Mexican market has become a key destination for U.S. cotton production. Simultaneously, the U.S. market is critical for the Mexican textile/clothing sector absorbing almost 50% of its total output. This strong North American integration process, in part a result of NAFTA, might be jeopardized by the approaching implementation of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) in 2005. This paper presents the results of an econometric and simulation model that allows for the assessment of potential implications of the ATC’s quota elimination on Mexico’s cotton consumption and U.S. cotton exports to Mexico. It incorporates the growing interdependence between the U.S. and Mexico’s cotton...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27980

Integration of the Americas: Labour Mobility between Canada and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soto,   Maritza.
To promote trade in goods and services, chapter 16 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) facilitates the cross-border movement of businesspersons. This has allowed managers, technical experts and others to relocate in order to expedite production and support the increased trade that has followed trade liberalization. Since an overwhelming bulk of international trade is carried out by multinational companies, foreign direct investment theory suggests that there will be increased free trade between Canada and the United States to the extent that it encourages increased intra-industry trade and investment and is expected to increase economic incentives for labour mobility. This paper discusses the relationships among various factors of trade...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23924

HOW DIFFERENTLY DO THE AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS RESPOND TO EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   MinKyoung; Koo,   Won W.
This study divides the U.S. economy into the agricultural and industrial sectors and compares the degree of involvement of exchange rates in each sector without specifying the rigid assumption of either exogeneity or endogeneity of exchange rates.  Both short- and long-run impacts of shocks in the exchange rate are found to be significant.  However, the effect of an exchange rate shock on the agricultural sector is larger than that on the industrial sector.  This study examines a fundamental question about the role of the exchange rate in the two sectors.  The exchange rate is exogenous in the agricultural sector, while being endogenous in the industrial sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Role of exchange rates; Endogeneity; Exogeneity; Over-identification; Short- and long-run impulse response.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23589

Ethics and International Debt: A View from Feminist Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Julie A.
Feminist scholars examine not only the gendered impacts of development programs whose design has been influenced by disciplines such as economics, but also the gendered biases that permeate the models and methods of the disciplines themselves. This essay draws on aspects of feminist critiques of economics, philosophy, psychology, law, and finance to analyze the way in which international debt is discussed. Feminist critiques raise serious questions about the rational choice framework that often undergirds scholarly discussions of “agents,” “contract,” “ethics,” and “capital and debt.”
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37708

Trade Costs in U.S. Food Manufacturing Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Qian; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This study allows for variation of  trade costs among regions, since a single trade costs measure may not appreciate the large number and diverse regions of the United States through which trade in food manufacturing occurs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade costs; Gravity model; Regional development; Food manufacturing industries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103526

The Bioterrorism Act of the USA and international food trade: evaluating WTO conformity and effects on bilateral imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Rudloff,   Bettina.
The September 11th event focused the world’s attention on the threat of bioterrorism on the food chain. As a consequence, the USA implemented the Bioterrorism Act (BTA) containing new import requirements that can be classified as non-tariff barriers (NTBs). This paper analyses these NTBs by performing an assessment of WTO conformity and trade impact: hereby general problems in the analysis of bioterrorist risks are explored as for this new and unknown threat explicit WTO rules are still missing. Additionally, in exploring the BTA relevant process standard rules laid out by the WTO, the analysis indicates the extensive flexibility provided in this framework. This leads to larger scope for national polices on process standards compared to product standards...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food terrorism; Non-tariff barriers; Trade facilitation; Bioterrorism Act; International food trade; SPS Agreement; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96733

WTO Agricultural Negotiations: A Comparison of the Harbinson Proposal and the Swiss Formula
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brockmeier,   Martina; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Pelikan,   Janine; Salamon,   Petra.
The WTO agricultural negotiations of the Doha round are a key issue in the public debate. This paper analyses the effects of different options to improve market-access on the basis of a GTAP model, comparing the impact of the Harbinson proposal and the Swiss formula on trade balances. An extended version of the GTAP model is used to first project a base run that includes factors arising from Agenda 2000, EU enlargement, the EBA agreement and the EU's mid-term review. The policy simulation run additionally includes the WTO negotiations. Here, the model is differentiated between three experiments. While the first experiment simply implements the Harbinson proposal, the second one additionally takes into account an adoption of the EBA agreement by all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25133

Export Market Linkage via Gentleman's Agreement: Evidence from French Bean Marketing in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kariuki,   Isaac Maina; Gideon,   Aiko Obare; Loy,   Jens-Peter.
"Gentleman's agreements" involving handshakes or promissory market access possibilities through brokers and middlemen have enabled most small farmers in Kenya to export an extensive array of fruits and vegetables. However, despite rapid expansion into these forms of market linkages, there has been a dearth of empirical information regarding the factors that such marketers consider when linking small farmers to the market. This paper uses data from a 2001 French bean farmers survey conducted in Mwea Tebere Central Kenya to evaluate household and infrastructural factors determining informal linkages for French bean marketing. Logit estimates show that irrigation equipment is a prerequisite for linkage, farm localities further from central crop collection...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Verbal agreement; Logit; French beans exports; Small farmers; Linkage; Brokers and middlemen; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25698

World food markets into the 21st century: commodity risk management policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Ronald C.
Recent concerns about future global food production seem poorly based. The rapid phase of growth in food consumption is over for most of the world's population because of increased incomes and, besides, population growth rates continue to slow. Thus, the rate of growth of food production needed in the future is much lower than it has been for the past 40 years. Production and price instability will continue, perhaps with lessened intensity because of reduced government intervention. With private agricultural interests now facing greater exposure to price and production risks, especially in developing countries, there needs to be greater emphasis on financial market instruments for managing these risks.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118056

Monetary Policy Challenges for Emerging Market Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Gill; Kanbur,   Ravi; Prasad,   Eswar.
This paper introduces a significant new collection of papers on monetary policy in emerging market economies, written by leading analysts and policy makers. Does existing economic theory provide lessons that are pertinent for designing effective monetary policy frameworks in emerging markets? What can be learned from cross-country studies and from experiences of individual countries that have adopted different approaches? While country-specific circumstances and initial conditions matter a great deal in formulating suitable frameworks, are there clear general principles that can serve as a guide in this process? These are among the issues addressed in the dialogue between academics and policy makers represented in this volume. In this paper, we provide an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emerging Markets; Monetary Policy; Economies; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48925

Effects of the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol on Trade in GMOs, WTO Implications, and Consequences for China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Dayuan; Tisdell,   Clement A.
The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, 29 January, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, 15-26 May, 2000 will exert a profound effect on international trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products.  In this paper, the background to the drafting and negotiation of the Protocol is outlined, and potential effects of various articles of the Protocol on international trade in GMOs are analyzed.  Based on the present status of imports of GMOs and domestic research and development of biotechnology in China, likely trends in imports of foreign GMOs and related products after China accedes to WTO is explored.  Also, China’s strategies and countermeasures to control and regulate imports of GMOs in line with implementation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Cartagena Protocol; Genetically modified organism; Trade; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48011

Foreign Takeovers and Wages: Theory and Evidence from Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csengodi,   Sandor; Jungnickel,   Rolf; Urban,   Dieter.
This study discriminates FDI technology spillover from learning effects. Whenever learning takes time, our model predicts that foreign investors deduct the economic value of learning from wages of inexperienced workers and add it to experienced ones to prevent them from moving to local competitors. Hence, the national wage bill is unaffected by foreign takeovers. In contrast to learning, technology spillover effects occur whenever a worker with MNE experience contributes more to local firms' than to MNEs' productivity. In this case, experienced MNE workers are hired by local firms and the host country obtains a welfare gain. We investigate empirically wages, productivity, and worker turnover during the course of foreign takeovers on employee-employer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: FDI; Foreign takeover; Cross-border M&amp;A; Wage regression; Employee-employer matched data; Propensity score matching; FDI technology spillover; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F2; J3.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26278

Old and new partners: similarity and competition in the EU foreign trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Henke,   Roberto.
The paper analyses the trade relationships among EU- 15 members and some emerging partners: the NMS, Turkey and China. The EU enlargement to 10 countries has modified quite remarkably the features of agri-food trade in Europe. Some of the NMS, such as Poland, Hungary and the Check Republic, contribute to a large extent to the international agri-food trade and, since the beginning of the process of EU accession, have modified dramatically the exchanges with the EU- 15. More recently, other countries are facing new relationships with the EU: Turkey and China. Turkey is a large Mediterranean country and, as a candidate to the EU accession, enjoys a differential treatment in the agri- food trade relationships with the EU. China can be considered as a new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F1; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10082

DEEPENING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL TRADE ENVIRONMENT: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15464

Tariffs and quotas that lower prices and raise welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumers; Economics; Equilibrium; Import; Quotas; International Relations/Trade; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47254

IMPACT OF THE ASIAN CRISIS ON TRADE FLOWS: A FOCUS ON INDONESIA AND AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16797

Factors Affecting Trade in Mexican Imports of Poultry Meat from the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coleman,   Jonathan R.; Payne,   Warren S.
U.S. exports of poultry to Mexico have increased steadily since NAFTA came into force in January 1994. The Mexican poultry industry has become increasingly concerned about these exports, arguing that it cannot compete with U.S. products. The Mexicans argue that U.S. poultry exports to Mexico are duty free under NAFTA (as of January 1, 2003). The Mexican industry also argues that U.S. poultry benefits from low-priced feed resulting from U.S. Government farm programs. We analyzed the impact of tariffs and U.S. feed grain programs on U.S. exports of poultry, and find that other factors appear to be more important in explaining trade. Specifically, Mexican preferences for dark meat provide large price incentives for U.S. exporters, while Mexican Government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15884

RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL DOMESTIC SUPPORT UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Hart,   Chad E.
This paper focuses on the third pillar of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the discipline of agricultural domestic support. The paper examines the current definition of agricultural domestic support used by the WTO, focusing on the Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) and other forms of support that are less to least distorting (Blue and Green Box payments). The analysis looks at the recent experience of four member states (the United States, the European Union, Japan, and Brazil). The structure of recent support varies considerably by country. Some countries, notably the United States, have strategically used the de minimis exemption to deflate their support figures substantially in order to remain...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregate measure of support; Agricultural domestic support; Amber box; AMS; Blue box; Doha; Green box; World Trade Organization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18296

Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture International and Domestic Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charlebois,   Pierre; Gagne,   Stephan; Gendron,   Carole.
The purpose of this document is to describe the features of the MTO covering the period 2010 to 2020. The MTO is a plausible future for the international and domestic agri-food sectors based on current policies in Canada and other countries as of Fall 2010. It serves as a benchmark for discussion and scenario analysis.  The outlook makes specific assumptions and outlines their implications. Since it assumes that policies remain unchanged from existing legislation, the outlook is not a forecast of future events. In particular there are no assumptions made regarding the outcome of the Doha round of trade negotiations. It also assumes no impact from climate change and from policy to mitigate climate change nor significant animal disease outbreaks or unusual...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Outlook; Agriculture; Cereals; Oilseeds; Bio-fuels; Livestock; Red meats; Milk; Dairy products; Chicken; Turkey; Eggs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103186

Milk and Byproducts Exports, Is It a Solution for Producers or a Problem for Consumers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ponchio,   Leandro Augusto; Spolador,   Humberto Francisco Silva; da Paz,   Erica.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24225

Exchange Rates and the Competitiveness of the US Timber Sector in a Global Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daigneault,   Adam J.; Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.
This paper examines the competitiveness of the US timber industry under different exchange rate policies using a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets.  We assume that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests and simulate the model for baseline conditions and four additional exchange rate policies.  Two policies consider a strengthening United States dollar scenario and two policies examine weak South American currencies.  Recently South America has increased its share of global timber production and is shipping increasing quantities of timber to the Unites States.  The results indicate that US competitiveness in the forestry sector is sensitive both to strong US $ policies and to the weak currency policies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19439

International Trade Education: Do We Need a New Model for the Global Market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Professionals in the field of international trade policy tend to receive their knowledge on-the-job, often with a considerable component of mentoring. While this was a reasonable knowledge transfer mechanism in a period when interest in trade policy was confined to narrow constituencies and a limited range of trade policies, it may no long be appropriate in the era of globalization. In recent years both those with an interest in trade policy and the range of issues that come under the purview of trade policy have increased substantially, yet there is little formal education provided on trade policy. As a result, there is a shortage of trained professionals in the field of trade policy. While the shortage is widespread in developed countries, it is endemic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Education; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23934

FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE: ALLY OR ADVERSARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13806

HEALTH, SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS TO FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schramm,   Robert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17470

Der Markt für Milch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salamon,   Petra.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98695

Product Traceability Solutions for the Kangaroo Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Cameron.
On 1 August 2009, Australian kangaroo meat exports were suspended to the Russian market. Product traceability was identified as one of the key areas requiring investigation. Systems to ensure product traceability and integrity have emerged globally as a key requirement in addressing consumer demand for a wholesome and sustainably managed meat product. In response to this emerging requirement for product traceability and verification of kangaroo meat integrity, the Queensland Kangaroo Industry Development Committee (KIDC) requested that an examination of options for traceability be undertaken. The report explores a number of options that will guarantee product traceability and verification, and looks at how the system is integrated along the supply chain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59167

NAFTA and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Wayne.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23927

International price transmission on soft wheat markets: which role for policy variables in cointegration relationships?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Listorti,   Giulia.
This paper aims at considering policy regimes while studying international price transmission mechanisms. The focus is on the soft wheat market between the United States and the European Union in the years 1978-2003. EU domestic and border policies are expected to play a strong role; a theoretical framework is developed in which the basic idea is that the intervention price acts as a threshold above which the EU and the US price can interact. A composite variable, equal to the maximum between the intervention and the US price, is then introduced in a cointegration model and its relation with the EU price is studied. In addition to this, other models are estimated, in which the adjustment coefficients and the parameters of the cointegrating vector are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International price transmission; Cointegration; Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43843

Implications of the DOHA Round for the U.S. Farm Bill and Vice Versa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schott,   Jeffrey J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33382

PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Sharples,   Jerry A.
Many countries of the Western Hemisphere in recent years have shown interest in participating in preferential trading arrangements (PTA) in anticipation of expanding exports. Results in this paper show that export expansion depends upon the type of agreement that is formed and who else is participating. Trade of two agricultural commodities are examined; wheat, and fruit and vegetable juices. Five PTAs are examined, each including the United States and one or more Western Hemisphere countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31642

Implementing Bilateral Trade in a Global Landuse Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biewald,   Anne; Rolinski,   Susanne; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Schmitz,   Christoph.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114251

Rice Trade Policies and Their Implications for Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.
There is a strong linkage between the behavior of the rice market and the state of food security in many regions around the world, particularly in Asia, as made evident in the 2007-08 commodity crisis. Rice is a staple for the majority of the population in Asia, where roughly 60% of the close to one billion undernourished people live (FAO, 2010). As Timmer (2010) states, “it is impossible to improve food security in the short run or long run without providing adequate supplies of rice that are accessible to the poor” (p. 2). The rice crisis of 2007-08 showed the crucial role of export and import policies on the behavior of the rice market and its consequences for price stability and food security. Market fundamentals could only explain a minimal part of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade; Policies; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103818

THE URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW OF PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN THE SADC REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngqangweni,   Simphiwe; Kandiero,   Tonia; Gebrehiwet,   Yemane; Kirsten,   Johann F.
Through the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA), the multilateral trade negotiations saw a turning point in the inclusion of agriculture in the trade liberalization debate.  This development bears important implications for developing countries, including those of SADC, who have agricultural as a critical element of their economic growth, poverty alleviation, and food security. This article reviews the progress of SADC countries towards implementation of the URAA.  We find that the extent of SADC countries support to the agricultural sector is still within the URAA provisions.  However, despite certain preferential trade agreements in place between SADC and the developed world, trade barriers are still high in many developed countries.  A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18082

POLICY AND MANAGEMENT LESSONS FOR DAIRY EXPORTERS AND INVESTORS IN FOREIGN DAIRY-FOOD BUSINESSES--WHAT DID WE LEARN IN THE PAST DECADE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14544

Handelsstromen van pluimveevlees
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tacken,   G.M.L.; van Horne,   Peter L.M.
This study provides an insight into the goods flows of (raw) poultry meat within - and, in particular, to - the Netherlands, and into the associated zoonosis risks. The study offers input for an inspection policy that will be required to enforce the intended prohibition on the marketing of raw poultry meat infected with Campylobacter and Salmonella. The Netherlands is an important poultry-meat trading country, and consequently the interviewees endorsed the importance of the reduction of zoonosis; they were also of the opinion that good Salmonella and Campylobacter control measures are in place in the Netherlands. In addition, it was also concluded that the retail sale of poultry meat that is free of Campylobacter and Salmonella is not currently a feasible...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29127

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Jonathan; Croppenstedt,   Andre; Aggrey-Fynn,   Emmanuel.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48523

FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND THEIR RELATION TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURE - ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cochrane,   Willard W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1959
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17766

Textile and Clothing Safeguards: from the ATC to the Future
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Sung Jae; Reinert,   Kenneth A.
The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing established the textile and clothing safeguards regime from 1995 to 2004. The current safeguards regime for these products is defined in terms of the Agreement on Safeguards, the China Textile Safeguards, and the China Product-specific Safeguards. This article examines each of these three current safeguard options and assesses them in terms of a number of relevant dimensions. It also reviews safeguard actions to date to provide a sense of continued managed trade in this area.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Managed trade; Protectionism; Safeguards; Textiles and clothing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7705

MEXICO-U.S. AVOCADO TRADE EXPANSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16916

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23240

Transaktionskosten und Wettbewerbspolitik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias.
The globalisation of the world economy increases international competition among companies. However, not all industries will be affected by the same extent. The degree of globalisation of an industry will be particularly influenced by the level of transaction costs. Low transaction costs will lead to globalised markets, high transaction costs to segmented markets. On the other hand, one has to consider heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation as two additional factors of influence as well as the fact that transaction costs can only be roughly calculated. If these limitations are kept in mind, transaction costs could be of great importance for competition policy in determining the degree of international competition among firms. Die...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Trade; Competition policy; International Relations/Trade; F00; F13; D23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26144

POLAND'S CURRENT AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bochniarz,   Nika.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13695

Agricultural Exports by Cooperatives, 1980
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   Tracey L.
Sixty-three agricultural cooperatives had direct exports of $3.2 billion in calendar year 1980. Grains and preparations had the largest dollar volume of direct exports, followed by oilseeds, cotton, and fruits. Cooperative share of U.S. agricultural exports decreased from 9.2 percent in 1976 to 7.8 percent in 1980. Asian and European countries were the largest markets for direct exports by cooperatives in 1980.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Cooperative exports; Cooperative export marketing; Direct commodities exports; Indirect commodities exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52036

Taxes, Tax Subsidies and the Impact of Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perry,   Gregory M.
Tax subsidies are an often overlooked method by which government subsidises agriculture. An examination of tax policies in Australia, Canada, Germany and the United States reveals several different tax subsidies provided to farmers in these countries. Most of these subsidies are in theory subject to reduction under GATT. For various reasons, however, most tax subsidies are not included in subsidy measures. Failure to include these kinds of subsidies in AMS measures could encourage their proliferation among countries desiring to continue agricultural subsidies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12540

DISCUSSION: ANALYSING THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weersink,   Alfons.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16968

INFORMATION STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Streeter,   Deborah H.; Bills,   Nelson L.
This study revealed some important divergences between new entrants and those more experienced at selling overseas.  While experienced exporters have well-developed informal networks of information and focus their search strategies on better long term and short term study/demand information, “would-be” exporters tend to be more concerned with locating a “qualified” buyers list, and getting information on export procedures, and trade logistics.  In addition, would-be exporters expressed frustration with two types of obstacles where information is least likely to solve the problem: Time lags when shipping perishable goods and exogenous factors (such as precipitous changes in a foreign government).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34326

THE IMPLICATIONS OF AN EXPORT TAX ON SECTORAL GROWTH: A CASE IN PAKISTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.
Impacts of an export tax on growth in the cotton and yarn markets were examined. Results of a simulation show that the export tax on raw fiber decreased the rate of growth in the fiber sector by 80%, and also decreased growth in yarn production by 0.7%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20986

Agriculture and the World Trade Organization: Does Membership Make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Boys,   Kathryn A.
Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Membership; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90886

General equilibrium effects of price distortions on global markets, farm incomes and welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48630

Producers and Consumer attitudes toward Biotechnology in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nsafoah,   Annie; Dicks,   Michael R.; Osei,   Collins.
Over 265 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa face malnutrition, chronic hunger, and poverty. One of the technologies that could help alleviate the perpetuating cycle of chronic hunger is biotechnology. Genetic modification (GM) has the potential to enhance agricultural productivity and improve Africa’s food security, but little is known about the potential benefits and costs of using genetically modified maize in Africa - Ghana.  African and Ghanaian policy makers, farmers, and consumers often have difficulty accepting new technologies. Their reluctance is due to the investment required for new technology, - aversion to risk, the changes required to traditional production practices, and incomplete- knowledge of new technologies. This study elicits the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Producers and Consumer attitudes toward Biotechnology in Ghana; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98642

How effective is the EU's import regime for oranges?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Linde; Grethe,   Harald.
EU imports of oranges are restricted not only by ad valorem tariffs but also by the entry price system establishing a minimum import price. In addition, the EU applies a comprehensive system of trade preferences. The hypothesis of this paper is that, in contrast to its complexity, the effectiveness of the EU import system for oranges is low with respect to its goals, i.e. protecting EU producers and creating imports from preference receiving countries. The comparison of import prices for oranges from extra-EU countries with the EU entry price shows that the former are about 40% higher than the latter on average. Also, it is pointed out that at least 72% of extra-EU orange imports during the EU harvest season enter the EU tariff free. As a conclusion, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade preferences; Oranges; Tariff rate quota; Entry price; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10095

DISCUSSION: CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyrchniewicz,   Edward W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16852

Market Effects of In-Kind Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
In-kind price subsidies are a new and important feature of U.S. agricultural policy. Yet the market effects of such subsidies have not been widely discussed in the professional literature even through they differ importantly from similar cash subsidies. This paper examines in-kind subsidies with simple, static demand and supply functions. In-kind price subsidies push down prices to favored buyers and increase total sales relative to no subsidy or to an equivalent cash subsidy. Inventory holdings by the subsidizing authority are diminished. However, the effects of an in-kind subsidy upon prices received by sellers and commercial sales volume (net of stock disposals) are problematic, depending upon the price elasticity of demand in the subsidized market. If...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51249

Agricultural trade liberalisation in the Doha Round: impacts on Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Philippidis,   George.
Whilst there is a growing literature of computable general equilibrium (CGE) studies examining the impacts of the current Doha Proposals, estimates for the EU are highly aggregated (i.e., EU15). Employing a detailed baseline scenario and a plausible Doha outcome, we examine the long run costs for the European Union, in particular focusing on Spain. Moreover, we implement recent CAP reforms through explicitly modelling of CAP mechanisms to provide greater credibility in assessing the long run asymmetric budgetary and welfare impacts on EU member states. Our estimates forecast resource substitution effects between Spanish agro-food sectors and resource shifts from agro-food activities into manufacturing and services production. In Spain, the impacts of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Spain; EU; CAP; Computable General Equilibrium.; F1; F13; F17; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28790

U.S. AND WESTERN CHINA ARE PARTNERS IN WTO, GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, AGRIBUSINESS AND ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thor,   Eric P.; Li,   Haiyan.
Western China has many biodiversity, environmental resource, trade, rural finance, ecosystem and information technology challenges similar to both the Western U.S. and Europe. This paper provides examples of these similarities between Western China and the U.S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16608

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; Roe,   Terry L.; Langrock,   Ines.
File removed by authors 7/20/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20042

UNCERTAINTY, PRICE STABILIZATION AND WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choi,   E. Kwan; Johnson,   Stanley R.
This paper investigates whether a small country facing foreign price instability benefits from active stabilization of the domestic price of the importable. If the random tariff revenue is rebated ex post, domestic price stabilization increases income instability, and nonintervention is optimal. If an ex ante rebating scheme is employed, a small country can benefit from domestic price stabilization, and there exists a partial stabilization policy that dominates free trade. Partial stabilization of the domestic price with the ex ante rebate requires a variable import levy inversely related to the foreign price.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51265

RESTRIÇÕES À EXPORTAÇÃO DE CAFÉ TORRADO E MOÍDO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vegro,   Celso Luis Rodrigues; Pino,   Francisco Alberto; Moricochi,   Luiz; Nogueira Junior,   Sebastiao.
In despite of the several advantages for exporting ground and roasted coffee instead of green coffee, namely employment and value gains, there are many limitations to the private efforts. Effective attempts have been discouraged by large and stable national market, high risks associated to the international market, and a frightening bureaucracy. Even so, some progress has been reported in recent years as is shown in this paper, based on interviews with Brazilian export agents, industries and cooperatives. Some restrictions are inherent to the enterprises, such as managerial questions and innovation aptitude, while others are systemic. Suggestions to improve processed coffee exports are presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Commodities; Exporting countries; Coffee.; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43984

Der Markt für Gemüse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behr,   Hans-Christoph.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97425

Preferential Trade Agreements: The Case of EU-Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Huth,   Matthias; Koopmann,   Georg.
The paper evaluates the political and economic incentives to conclude the EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It discusses EU and Mexican trade policy as well as the multilateral context for FTAs. In addition, using a disaggregated approach at the three-digit Standard International Trade Classification, it identifies the commodities that will be particularly affected by the FTA. The results show that considerable trade effects can be expected in a narrow range of products and that the EU is likely to gain much more than Mexico. In diesem Papier werden die politischen und ökonomischen Anreize zur Vereinbarung des Freihandelsabkommens zwischen der EU und Mexiko bewertet. Dafür werden die europäische und mexikanische Handelspolitik analysiert und der...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Agreement; European Union; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; F15; F17.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26269

U.S. Potential Biofuel Trade: A Worldwide Country-Pair
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agyeman,   Osei Yeboah; Shaik,   Saleem; Quaicoe,   Obed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62010

IFPRI PERSPECTIVES - Volume 23, 1st Quarter 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Headlines:  Thinking through Globalization; Mapping the World's Agricultural Land; Climbing out of Poverty in South Africa; The Road Half Traveled.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16506

TRANSNATIONAL GRAIN FIRMS: EVOLUTION AND STRATEGIES IN NORTH AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
The grain trading industry has changed radically during the past two decades. This report describes these changes in detail. First, dynamics of the major fundamental changes are described. Second, the extent and nature of structural changes in the grain handling industry are analyzed. Changes in the transnational grain exporting industry are analyzed and described as well as the implications of privatization of grain importing functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trading; Exporting; Grain industry; Transnational; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23278

Forecast and Simulation Analysis of Mexican Meat Consumption at the Table Cut Level: Impacts on U.S. Exports.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Jose Antonio; Malaga,   Jaime E.
This is the poster presentation. Please refer to the full paper for details.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forecast of Mexican meat consumption; Forecast of Mexican imports; U.S. meat exports to Mexico; Mexican meat demand elasticities; Meat analysis at the table cut level; Censored demand system; Two-step estimation procedure; Stratified sampling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52382

Dirty Tariffication Revisited: The EU and Sugar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinbank,   Alan.
It is widely believed that a number of countries, including the EU, engaged in dirty tariffication during the Uruguay Round of trade talks. This article examines the EU’s record on sugar and finds little evidence to substantiate the claim. However, world prices increased between the base period (1986-88) and the date of implementation (1995), and so tariffication resulted in an increase in the tax that would have been charged on sugar imports into the EU. As well, the Special Safeguard provisions meant that a substantial additional levy could be charged.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; EU; Sugar; Tariffication; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23851

High-value supply chains, food standards and poor farmers in developing countries: the case of vegetable exports from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet.
This paper studies the welfare effects of high-value FFV exports from Senegal to the EU. We analyze how the structure of the export supply chain has changed in response to tightening food standards and investigate the impact for the local population. The study yields four important findings. First, we find that public and private food standards in the EU have lead to increased consolidation and increased vertical coordination in the FFV supply chain with a shift away from smallholder contract-based production to integrated estate production. Second, these structural changes have increased the participation of rural households, and especially poorer households, in the supply chains through wage employment on FFV estates. Third, we find that household...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21317

THE MERINO EXPORT EMBARGO - A COMPARATIVE STATIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quilkey,   John J.
The genetic changes which would occur in overseas flocks as a result of the export of merino rams from Australia are unknown. Even so, Australia recently relaxed the merino export embargo and may go further. A comparative static model is presented to assess changes in annual wool income resulting from increases in the supply of apparel wool emanating from possible levels of the genetic effect.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22813

IMPORTANCE OF INTERMODAL CONNECTIVITY AND BOTTLENECK ELIMINATION (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prentice,   Barry E.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33158

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fane,   George; Warr,   Peter G.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48473

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Potential Use of an Aggregate Measure of Support
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ballenger,   Nicole; McClatchy,   Don; de Filippis,   Fabrizio; Mercier,   Stephanie; Dixit,   Praveen M.; Miner,   William M.; Guyomard,   Herve; Roe,   Terry L.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rossmiller,   George Edward; Johnson,   Martin; Sharples,   Jerry A.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.; Mahe,   Louis Adrien Pascal.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49867

Antidumping Duties in the Agriculture Sector: Trade Restricting or Trade Deflecting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kassam,   Shinan; Malhotra,   Nisha.
The key issues on the negotiation table in the agriculture sector are the elimination of export subsidies, a progressive reduction of tariffs and reduction in domestic support. However, it is observed that trade liberalization often involves moving from one set of distortions to another rather than a movement to free trade.   More specifically, in the case of trade liberalization in manufacturing, countries have replaced lower tariffs with antidumping duties (ADD).  Feinberg and Olson (2005) empirically show that countries that agreed to larger tariff reductions under the Uruguay Round are more likely to use AD statutes to protect their domestic industries.  Thus if the use of ADD in agriculture are effective as a trade barrier (that is there is little...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Antidumping; Trade Effect; US; Protection; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21122

How Cool is C.O.O.L.?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinopoulos,   Elias; Livanis,   Grigorios T.; West,   Carol Taylor.
This paper develops a partial equilibrium model of a small open-economy producing and trading an unsafe product that is supplied by perfectly competitive producers. The presence of product safety considerations, in this case risks to health, introduces a wedge between the market prices producers receive and the higher risk-adjusted prices consumers respond to. The size of the wedge depends positively on the per-unit cost of illness and the proportion of unsafe units embodied in the parent risky product. The model is used to analyze the welfare effects of trade with and without a country-of-origin labeling (COOL) program. Assuming imports are less safe than domestic production, the welfare gains from trade in the absence of COOL are ambiguous and may...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Country-of-origin labeling; Protection; Product safety; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; F10; F13; L15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15658

ZUR WETTBEWERBSFAHIGKEIT DER WEISSSRUSSISCHEN MILCHWIRTSCHAFT: EINE ANWENDUNG DES PORTERSCHEN DIAMANTEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Ramanovich,   Mikhail.
This Discussion Paper provides an analysis of competitiveness of the Belarus’ dairy sector based on international trade indicators. The ex-post analysis is extended by an ex-ante analysis in order to gain detailed insights into the sector’s future opportunities and challenges. Systematic access is established through relevant determinants with respect to Porter’s diamond. Ex-post analysis results indicate a strong position of Belarus in the international dairy trade although limited to homogenous products like milk powder and evaporated milk. Competitive disadvantages were revealed for highly processed dairy products. The ex-ante analysis through Porter’s diamond model reveals the necessary prerequisites for potentially successful future developments in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Belarus; Foreign trade; Porter; Competitiveness; Milk; Weissrussland; Aussenhandel; Porter; Wettbewerbsfahigkeit; Milch; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; P23; P45; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91962

The impact of non-tariff barriers on maize and beef trade in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Wanjiku,   Julliet; Gbegbelegbe,   Sika; Nzuma,   Jonathan M.; Massawe,   Stella; Macharia,   Eric; Freeman,   H. Ade; Waithaka,   Michael M.; Kaitibie,   Simeon; Gulan,   Ayele.
The East African Customs Union was established in 2005 with the aim of increasing intraregional trade. The Customs Union protocol commits member states to eliminate non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to intraregional trade. However, several NTBs are still applied by member states. This study identifies the existing NTBs on maize and beef trade and quantifies their impact on trade and welfare of EAC citizens using a Spatial Equilibrium Model (SEM). Data on NTBs were collected from traders and transporters of maize and beef cattle in East Africa. Roadblock checks, bribes and custom rules and procedures were identified as the main NTBs to trade. The SEM model shows that a 50% reduction of the cost of NTBs, or their complete elimination would improve social welfare in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef; Maize; Non-tariff barriers; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51672

Strategies for Developing Domestic and International Markets for Nicaragua's Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This paper analyzes the capacity of Nicaragua's dairy industry to expand domestic dairy product sales and exports profitably. The paper (a) presents information on traits of Nicaragua's dairy industry that influence domestic and export market expansion capabilities, and (b) benchmarks Nicaragua's dairy industry against principles that have been discovered to have relevant, profitable applications in the dairy industries of other countries for expanding domestic sales and exports. Six strategies for expanding Nicaragua's domestic dairy product sales and dairy exports are specified in the paper.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nicaragua Dairy Industry; Domestic Dairy Product Sales; Dairy Exports; Export Markets; Transportation Costs; Cold Storage; Central American Diary Markets; Morolique Cheese; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37566

CHALLENGES IN QUANTITATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN SUPPORT OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; McClatchy,   Don; de Gorter,   Harry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51215

Import procedures for timber to the European Union; Options for streamlining procedures for legal timber
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kamphuis,   Ben M.; Verwaart,   Tim.
This report provides a description of the institutions involved in timber import and an overview of import procedures and related documents in the Netherlands in the framework of the European Union Action Plan for Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT). FLEGT aims at establishing Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) between the EU and timber producing countries. The report includes recommendations with respect to streamlining import procedures and electronic document handling.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Timber Import Procedures; Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43072

The Dairy Sectors of New Zealand and Australia: A Regional Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armentano,   Louis E.; Dobson,   William D.; Jesse,   Edward V.; Olson,   Norman F.
New Zealand and Australia comprise the largest dairy exporting block in world markets and the dairy industries of both countries have geared up in recent years to expand production of dairy products. The report synthesizes observations and insights from a site visit by the authors in February 2004 that involved extensive interviews with dairy industry leaders, academics and government officials in New Zealand and Australia. The focus is on the nature of competitive challenges to U.S. dairy farmers, processors, and exporters. The report addresses questions related to the potential for expanding milk production in the two countries, export niches with respect to product mix and destinations, and likely strategic behavior of major Oceania exporters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia Dairy Industry; New Zealand Dairy Industry; Political Economics of Oceania; Exchange-Rate Impacts; Resource-Based Economics; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37518

Relative Impact of the Norway-EU Salmon Agreement: A Midterm Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.; Myrland,   Oystein.
An agreement between Norway and the European Commission specifies an increase in the export tax on Norwegian salmon entering EU markets from 0.75% to 3.00% effective 1 July 1997. Further, Norway's exports are subject to a price floor and quantity ceiling, neither of which were binding over the evaluation period. Since the tax's proceeds are to be used by Norway to fund generic marketing of Atlantic salmon, it is possible that the agreement is winwin, i.e., benefits United Kingdom and Norwegian producers alike. To test this, we use an equilibrium displacement model to estimate the agreement's effects on prices, trade flows, and producer welfare. Results based on data through 1999 suggest the agreement is indeed win-win, but that currency realignments and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement modeling; Export tax; Generic advertising; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24826

Agricultural Policies and the GATT: Reconciling Protection, Support and Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Harvey,   David R.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the theory of protection, farm income support and international trade distortion. To parallel those of protection, a measure of distortion is derived which compares trade volumes under support policies with those which would occur under multilateral free trade. Estimates are made of these measures for the European Community and the United States for a selection of commodities. The relationship between measures of protection and economic efficiency is also highlighted. The conclusion is that present measures of protection such as the Producer Subsidy Equivalent are confusing as measures of either trade distortion or income support. Some implications are drawn for the GAIT negotiations on agriculture and for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51153

THE ROLE OF FOOD IN THE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coffey,   Joseph D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30065

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takayama,   T.
In this paper an attempt is made to formulate one type of international trade problem within a class of mathematical programming models. A new approach--from the dual side--to the proofs of existence and characteristics of the solution of the Koopmans-Hitchcock transportation cost minimization linear programming problem is presented, and the same approach is applied to the quadratic programming formulation of the problem.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22342

The Economy-wide Greenhouse Gas Impacts of the Biofuels Boom (or Bust)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birur,   Dileep K.; Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.
Several studies in the recent past have offered a contrasting and wide range of perspectives on economic and environmental implications of biofuels.  In this study we develop a comprehensive and consistent framework for analyzing the global economic interactions and the direct and indirect impacts of biofuels production on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We utilize a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which consists of interaction of energy commodities with explicit biofuels and their by-product sectors, land endowment classified by agro-ecological zones, and emission of four major GHGs - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases from agricultural and economic activities, including emissions associated with biofuel feedstock,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Renewable Energy; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Agro Ecological Zones (AEZs); Land use change; Greenhouse Gas Emission.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q42; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49473

Hungarian meat sector restructuration in the post-EU accession period
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konig,   Gabor; Nagy Orbanne,   Maria.
other Hungarian food industry sectors and also compared to the concentration level in West European countries. In the sector the share of foreign capital is also very low (17%). Because of the low share of foreign capital and relatively small concentration, structural and ownership changes were to be expected, resulting in a more concentrated and competitive sector. The restructuring process involved a number of steps. First of all, Sándor Csányi acquired Délhús and then later acquired Pick Szeged, and in 2005 these two corporations’ sectoral share was about 25%. As for the other two large corporations – R-KO-N and Carnex – in late 2005 the latter weakened significantly causing a loss in market share and the bankruptcy of two companies within its...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Pig; Food industry; EU Accession; Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107655

Determinants of U.S. Textile and Apparel Import Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amponsah,   William A.; Ofori-Boadu,   Victor.
By applying a gravity model, the study confirms that devalued currencies of Asian exporters of textile products and liberalization of trade policies have significantly contributed to the increased imports of textile products to the U.S.  Implications are derived from the abroagation of the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21173

TRADE POLICY, FOOD PRICE VARIABILITY, AND THE VULNERABILITY OF LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.
We utilize a global trade model to generate distributions of commodity and factor prices  based on observed uncertainty in rice production.  This is done for three trade policy regimes. We then  assess their impact on domestic price variability and the likelihood of marginal households falling into  poverty in four countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20692

THE POTENTIAL FOR HIGH-VALUE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UNDER THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: THE CASE OF BEEF IN MEXICO AND CANADA: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying; Brown,   Mark G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15121

The Effect of Export Promotion Program Usage on Establishing Export Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Och,   Nathan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61035

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND GROWTH: AN OVERVIEW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEW GROWTH THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Mohtadi,   Hamid.
The role of international trade in the new growth theory is investigated from several perspectives. Following a historical outline and a brief analytical sketch of the R&amp;D based models, the results from fitting three structural models to data are presented. Results show the relative impacts on growth from trade and R&amp;D based policies including technological spillovers from trade. The mechanism of inter-sectoral adjustments to the long-run growth path are also discussed.  Results from selected econometric studies are reviewed. With emphasis on agriculture, this includes evidence of technological spillovers from trade, the effect of R&amp;D expenditures on growth in total factor productivity, and the extent to which the stock of technological...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endogenous Growth; Trade; Technological Spillovers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21536

Agricultural Trade and Economic Integration in the Western Hemisphere: Current Status
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Constanza; Wainio,   John; Gehlhar,   Mark J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50813

Can Foreign Producers Benefit from Geographical Indications under the New European Regulation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marette,   Stephan.
This article discusses some economic issues linked to the 2006 European regulation regarding geographical indications. Economic implications of this regulation for foreign producers are investigated. The article examines whether or not the development of a geographical indication is a profitable strategy for foreign producers. The discussion here concludes that geographical indications may allow such producers access to a high-quality segment of the market, but efficient quality management is a necessary condition for reaching such a segment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Regulation; Quality; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48793

Responses of EU Feed System to Calamities in Trade and Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burger,   Kees; Jansen,   Don.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114274

COMMODITY ADVERTISING, IMPORTS AND THE FREE RIDER PROBLEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying; Fairchild,   Gary F.
Advertising without supply control in the U.S. orange juice industry illustrates the import dimension of the free rider problem. Estimates of supply response to advertising are offered for "Florida-grown" orange juice, as well as for U.S. orange juice imports into both Florida and other U.S. ports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26956

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 1: Primary Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
This report is the first chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian primary agricultural sector in relation to the financial position of farms and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Primary agriculture; Structural change; Performance of farms; Farm family income; Aggregate cash income; Net farm income; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52707

A study of U.S. orange juice imports and exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; U.S.; Imports; Exports; Rotterdam price; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52895

U.S. Proposal for WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Conference: What's at Stake for Cotton Producers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark.
This study analyzed the cost to U.S. cotton producers of two policy alternatives under which the U.S. seeks to cut its total AMS payments for cotton by 60%. We considered two scenarios; the U.S. decides to act unilaterally versus conducting the policy initiative along with multilateral tariff and subsidy eliminations from the Rest of the World.  The study found a 12% cut in target price and 8% cut in loan rate are necessary to reach the 60% AMS targeted reduction under the unilateral scenario. In that regards, U.S. net farm income decreases considerably despite an appreciation of U.S. farm price.  Under a multilateral trade liberalization from the Rest of the World, a 9% cut in the loan rate and 4% in loan rate are enough to reach the AMS reduction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: United States; Hong Kong; Cotton subsidies; Tariff; Net farm income; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21273

DISCUSSION: SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE IN AN ERA OF EXPANDING EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coffey,   Joseph D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29587

The Poverty Impacts of Global Commodity Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Keeney,   Roman.
This paper examines the poverty impacts of global merchandise trade reform by looking at a wide range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Overall, we find that trade reform tends to reduce poverty primarily through the inclusion of agricultural components. The majority of our developing country sample experiences small poverty increases from non-agricultural reforms. We explore the relative poverty-friendliness of agricultural trade reforms in detail, examining the differential impacts on real after-tax factor returns of agricultural versus non-agricultural reforms. This analysis is extended to the distribution of households by looking at stratum-specific poverty changes. Our findings indicate that the more favorable impacts of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52786

Review and Analysis of International and Budgetary Considerations for the 2007 U.S. Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Van der Sluis,   Evert.
We assess the extent to which national budget considerations, international trade negotiations, and domestic political deliberations affect the potential development of an omnibus farm bill, which may be signed into law in 2008. With no successful conclusion of the Doha Development Round of trade negotiations in sight, U.S. legislators appear unable to make politically unpopular decisions on domestic farm policy reform. However, the absence of an international trade agreement does not reduce the need for the U.S. to comply with previous agreements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm bill; Budget deficit; International trade agreements; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6761

The economics of trade, biofuel, and the environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hochman,   Gal; Sexton,   Steven E.; Zilberman,   David.
The introduction of renewable biofuels was associated with global food crisis and unintended environmental consequences. This paper incorporates energy environment and agricultural sector to the classic Hecksher-Ohlin model to address these issues. A household production function model was introduced to model consumer energy choices and concern about externalities related to climate change and open space. The conceptual model links energy and food markets and derives guidelines for the development of climate change and land-use policies. The results suggest that globalization and capital  flows increase demand for energy, leading to decline in food production, increase in food prices, and loss of environmental land. Globally optimal outcomes may require...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Biofuel; Environment; Globalization; Capital flows; Technical changes; Household production; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; F1; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59254

Der Markt für Gemüse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behr,   Hans-Christoph.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97203

Globalization and Its Implications: The Size and Location of Manufacturing Sector Export Firms in South Carolina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   William A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112957

EU Integration of Turkey: Implications for Turkish Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eruygur,   H.O.; Cakmak,   Erol H.
Turkey’s membership to the EU will involve full liberalization of agricultural trade with the EU. The effects of liberalization are bound to depend on the path of agricultural policies in Turkey and in the EU during the accession negotiations. In order to evaluate the possible impacts of a variety of policy alternatives and scenarios, an economic modelling approach based on non-linear mathematical programming is appropriate. In this framework, the major purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Turkish integration to the EU on agriculture using an agricultural sector model for Turkey. The basic approach undertaken supplements the past efforts by incorporating Maximum Entropy to the positive mathematical programming, together with updated base...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Turkish Agricultural Sector Model (TAGRIS); Maximum Entropy Based Positive Mathematical Programming; Turkey’s Membership of EU; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44213

THE ATC QUOTA ELIMINATION AND THE MEXICAN COTTON INDUSTRY: MEASURING POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON US COTTON EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Jose Enrique; Malaga,   Jaime E.
The textile and clothing trade agreements signed by the U.S. may bring about important adjustments in the international textile and cotton markets affecting trade flows between the US and Mexico. Mexico is the largest importer of U.S. cotton while the US market is critical for the Mexican textile/clothing sector This paper presents the results of a comprehensive econometric and simulation model that allows for the assessment of some of the implications of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing's quota eliminations on Mexico's cotton consumption and U.S. cotton exports to that country.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34786

FARM AND FOOD INDUSTRY REFORMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Bailey,   William C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23683

THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA): ISSUES AND IMPACTS FOR MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This study has attempted to respond to four key questions surrounding  the debate over NAFTA and its impact on Minnesota.  The first question concerns its employment impacts:  Will NAFTA cost jobs in Minnesota? The answer appears to be no.  The magnitude of employment impacts from NAFTA is small but positive.  Many of the gains will be in Minnesota      agriculture with some widely distributed benefits in manufacturing and  no effect on services employment.  If the effect of NAFTA is to lead Mexico into a period of higher sustained growth, the dynamic process of income generation that results could boost demand for trade with Minnesota to levels higher than predicted, with accompanying increases in employment.  But taking the most conservative predictions,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14433

Implications of a Doha Agreement on Agricultural Markets in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdel Karim,   Imad Eldin Elfadil; Abler,   David G.
The latest round of multilateral trade negotiations was launched at the ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001.  Agriculture is a major item on the agenda for the Doha Round.  The primary focus is on the three “pillars” of the Uruguay Round agreement—domestic support, market access, and export competition. The framework for a final agreement was finalized at a Ministerial meeting in Geneva in July 2004, but contains few details on modalities (e.g., the formula to be used for reductions in tariffs/increases in tariff-rate quotas, quantitative limitations on domestic support, and the schedule for the elimination of export subsidies).  Detailed proposals on a number of these issues were put forward in October 2005...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Doha Agreement; Sudan; Agricultural markets; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37918

O COMÉRCIO BRASILEIRO DE CARNES E A COMPETITIVIDADE BRASILEIRA A PARTIR DA DÉCADA DE 90
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Luiz Gustavo Antonio De; Sereia,   Vanderlei Jose; Camara,   Marcia Regina Gabardo da; Pizaia,   Marcia Goncalves.
O complexo carnes é um dos principais componentes da pauta de exportação brasileira. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a evolução e a competitividade das exportações do complexo carnes brasileiro e os sub-complexos após 1990. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolvem a realização de uma revisão da literatura sobre competitividade e comércio internacional e coleta e tratamento de dados do complexo carnes a partir das bases da FAO, MDIC/SECEX e IBGE, para o cálculo das taxas de crescimento geométrica das exportações do complexo carnes, do índice Herfindahl-Hirschman e a identificação dos fatores de crescimento das exportações do modelo “Constant-Market-Share” no período de estudo. Os resultados permitem inferir o padrão das exportações brasileiras e a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitividade; Complexo carnes; Market-share; Competitiveness; Meat complex; Market-share; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108932

RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE INTEGRATED NAFTA MARKET: LESSONS FROM THE CASE OF BSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.; Sparling,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16729

INTERNATIONAL PROFILE OF U.S. FOOD PROCESSORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Handy,   Charles R.; Seigle,   Naaman.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27901

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Russia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Liefert,   Olga.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48386

Introduction to Competition in the Food-Fiber System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Purcell,   Joseph C.; Williams,   Floyd W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59857

Globalization and the Competitiveness of Regional Blocs in Comparative Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Bernhard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26182

THE PACIFIC RIM BEEF TRADE: IMPACTS OF LIFTING FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE TRADE BARRIERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Nixon,   Chris; Gardiner,   Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23684

TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE: A CASE STUDY OF PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS AND U.S. - JAPANESE APPLE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calvin,   Linda; Krissoff,   Barry.
Concern about the use if technical barriers as restrictions to trade has increased since the World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture. In this analysis, we quantify the phytosanitary barriers to U.S. apple exports to Japan by calculating tariff-rate equivalents. We examine the trade and welfare impacts of removing phytosanitary barriers and tariffs under two assumptions regarding transmission of the bacterial disease fire blight: first, that transmission via commercial fruit is not possible, and second, that it can occur. The disease losses required to eliminate the grains to trade are estimated to be much larger than those experienced in other countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31191

The Coming Tug of War:  Forces Moving the 2007 Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Robert E., II.
The main forces of trade agreements and budgets will certainly play a strong role in driving the 2007 farm bill debate.  Other factors ranging from the political makeup of Congress to the growing level of rhetoric calling for reform, from the cost-price squeeze facing producers to the emergence of nonprogram commodities at the table will also play, at this time, uncertain roles in the development of the final legislation.  These various forces and factors are assessed and projections as to the final outcome of the debate hesitatingly provided.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43782

Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899: Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes, and War
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nye,   John V.C.
Britain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century. War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; H20; N40; N43; N53; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53881

Where Do Developing Countries Go After Doha? An analysis of WTO positions and potential alliances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bjornskov,   Christian; Lind,   Kim Martin.
In the wake of the November 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha, the positions of most members of the World Trade Organisation diverge, reflecting a large extent of disagreement within the organisation. This paper attempts to organise these positions and thereby inspire a debate on the possibility of collusion in the coming round of trade negotiations with a particular focus on the options of developing countries. Members' positions on a range of issues identified as important in the coming round are rated and used as inputs in a correlation analysis and two forms of cluster analyses to identify potential alliances between members with reasonably similar positions. The paper identifies nine clusters of countries that are internally similar. Among these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24915

Agricultural Trade Between Central Europe and the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiss,   Judit.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50841

International Agricultural Commodities Trade: An Exporter's Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harmon,   Pat.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59760

COMPETING IN THE 21ST CENTURY (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caspers,   Jon.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33188

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Costs of environmental regulations, although relatively small, can be critical in the competitiveness of a product since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim.  Additional costs derived from new regulations are a factor in the continued importance of exports and of the maintaining or increasing a nation’s share of the international market.  Governments try to assist their industries in overcoming the disadvantages caused by such added cost through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or in other ways.  In agriculture these are increasingly taking the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the limits imposed on domestic subsidies.  In addition to these mechanisms for addressing the environment, there...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19100

Impacts of the Doha Round on Korea's Agricultural Tariff Profile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   Song-Soo.
The purpose of this paper is to simulate the proposed modality in market access and estimate its potential impacts on Korea's tariff profile. By accommodating a tiered formula for tariff reduction, the modality attempts to harmonize tariffs across products and countries. When no flexibility in tariff cuts is taken into account, Korea would face up to 68 percent reduction in tariffs in an average term (the baseline). The provision of sensitive products in which the tariff cuts are allowed to deviate from the tiered formula by two-thirds at a maximum is likely to bring about 11 percentage points of maximum tariff saving effects compared with the baseline case. Besides, Korea would be able to maximize savings in tariff reductions by 25 percentage points by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tariff; Tiered formula; Modality; Market access; Doha Round; Korea; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45677

The Development of Kiribati: An Analysis of Trends, Issues and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Kiribati is one of the five least developed Pacific island nations according to the classification of the United Nations. This article reviews the situation of Kiribati in relation to its development generally but paying particular attention to: Public and private finance; social issues such as education and health; its trade and external balance; and economic infrastructure. Policy suggestions are made in relation to each of these matters and an assessment given of the development status of Kiribati.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kiribati; Pacific Island; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100031

Demand Estimation for US Apple Juice Imports: A Restricted Source Differentiated AIDS Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekonnen,   Dawit Kelemework; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg.
Although this paper focuses on apple juice, a restricted version of source differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (RSDAIDS) was used to examine U.S. import demand for fresh apple, apple juice and other processed apple. Apple imports were differentiated by type and source of origin and the RSDAIDS model was estimated after imposing the general demand restrictions of adding-up, homogeneity and slutsky symmetry. Seasonality and trend variables were also included on the model. The estimation results showed that U.S. demand for apple juice from China was price inelastic with relatively high expenditure elasticity. We believe the result partially explains why China managed to have a 60 percent import market share in the sub-market despite U.S. imposition of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Import demand estimation; Apple juice; RSDAIDS; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98789

Why Might the Doha Round Fail?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gifford,   Michael N.; McCalla,   Alex F.
There are a number of factors working against a successful Doha Round conclusion. Several of these affect the linkages and trade-offs between the main elements of the Doha Round negotiating agenda, particularly agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), services, and rules. For most of the past six years, the negotiating difficulties in agriculture were regarded as the main constraint to concluding the Doha Round. However, in recent months, as the shape of the agricultural package became clearer, it has become apparent that there are also major obstacles to be overcome elsewhere in the negotiations; especially in NAMA.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6140

Chinese Market Access Barriers of U.S Oilseeds and Grains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Appiah-Danquah,   Gloria.
China was admitted into the WTO in December 2001 and this raised the hopes of the US that China will open up to agricultural trade with the US. However, this potential has not been realized. The goal of this study is to determine the impacts of trade impediments and barriers of the market access of US oilseeds and grains in China. A market access variable that was obtained by dividing the total value of U.S soybean and corn exports to China by U.S agricultural G.D.P was regressed on China’s per capita income, exchange rate of the yuan to the dollar, arable land to labor ratio in the U.S and a dummy variable representing China’s WTO accession. The result found per capita income to have a positive impact on market access of U.S oilseeds and grains in China....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market Access; Market Access Barriers; U.S Oil seeds and Grains; Import; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119794

Ecological characteristics and new competitiveness strategies in fresh vegetables market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cembalo,   Luigi; Cicia,   Gianni; Del Giudice,   Teresa; Scarpa,   Riccardo; Tagliafierro,   Carolina.
The intense process of internationalisation of the food market is giving rise to new competitive scenarios. The growth of market shares by new export countries, along with other consumer and retailer's issues impose different marketing policies for agri-food products. In particular, a wider awareness of consumers for environmental and health issues is modifying the structure of demand for fresh products. In the past, the country of origin and a convenient quality/price ratio were the main strategic strengths for gaining and maintaining international market shares . Nowadays market shares are gained by moving towards new product attributes, namely environment friendliness and food safety. This paper aims to suggesting new and more successful marketing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness strategies; Cherry tomato German market; Environmental friendly; Fresh vegetables; Mixed Nested Logit; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7875

Building a World Trade Model: Some Lessons We Are Learning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharples,   Jerry A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50682

IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS: THE CASE OF NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Major components of agricultural competitiveness, including definitions, factors, and indicators of competitiveness, are discussed,  The case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is used to illustrate how factors have influenced the competitive position of the NAFTA countries.  Traditional neoclassical trade theory is used to evaluate the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations and trade preferences on agricultural competitiveness.  Pre- and post-NAFTA market shares are evaluated for five agricultural commodities of importance to the southern United States.  The results of these evaluations are compared with theoretical expectations and discussed with special emphasis on implications for future trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural competitiveness; Exchange rates; International trade; NAFTA; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15477

Restructuring international food chains: Building sustainable and all-inclusive food chains at the primary stages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kambewa,   Emma; van der Lans,   Ivo A.C.M.; van Trijp,   J.C.M.; Ingenbleek,   Paul T.M.; van Tilburg,   Aad; van Boekel,   Martinus A.J.S.
Although it is often acknowledged that effective inclusion of small-scale primary producers in international chains is crucial for alleviating poverty in developing countries, few insights exist about how to build sustainable and all-inclusive food chains especially those based on scarce natural resources. In order to address challenges that marketing and development policy and institutions as well as small-scale primary producers in the agro-ecological sector face in promoting sustainable practices, this paper focuses on the use of contracts. The paper investigates whether small-scale primary producers would engage in contracts that oblige them to implement sustainable and quality-improving practices and if so under what conditions. Results show that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7905

The Carbon Challenge for Mixed Enterprise Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingwell,   Ross S.
As part of its climate change policy the Australian government has introduced a Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) scheme and is also attempting to introduce a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Using as a case study a main agricultural region of Australia, this paper examines how farming systems in this region may be affected by the medium term policy settings of these two schemes. A bio-economic model of the region’s farming systems is developed and used to assess the schemes’ impacts on the nature and profitability of the farming systems. Results show a range of profit and enterprise impacts across the range of farming systems. Farms as providers of biomass for electricity generation and small users of electricity are liable to benefit from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Greenhouse gases; Economic modelling; Sequestration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97169

Trade, Food Standards and Poverty: The Case of High-Value Vegetable Exports from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet.
Agricultural supply chains are changing globally with pervasive food standards and increased vertical coordination. The impact of these changes for developing countries and for small farmers in those countries is not yet well understood. We analyze the developments in high-standards FFV supply chains and the effects for small farmers and rural households in Senegal. We use a unique dataset derived from company level interviews and household surveys in the main horticulture zone in Senegal. Supply chain restructuring resulted in a shift from contract-farming with small-scale producers to large-scale vertically integrated estate-farming. A comprehensive econometric analysis shows that the restructuring of the value chain has enhanced an equitable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; D1; L66; O13; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25614

Exotic Pests and Trade: When Is Pest-Free Status Certification Worthwhile?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Lynch,   Lori.
Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182

Regional Trade Agreements: Effects of the Andean and Mercosur Packs on the Venezuelan Soybean Trade and U.S. Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reeder,   John; Torene,   Jillian A.; Jabara,   Cathy L.; Babula,   Ronald A.
Since the mid-1990s, the two regional trade agreements in South America, the southern Mercosur Pact (among Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay), and the northern Andean Pact (among Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru) noticeably affected certain trade patterns between the two pacts' members and with the United States for various reasons discussed herein. The effect of trade diversion owing to the Andean Pact with its common external tariff and price band system against non-Andean products was examined for soybean and soybean meal imports into Venezuela historically an important market for U.S. products. As well, the recent combining of Mercosur and Andean nations into a single regional trade agreement is likely to further adversely affect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Venezuela; Soybeans; Soybean meal; Trade diversion; Mercosur; Andean Pact; U.S. exports; Armington-type import model; Price bands; Regional trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15882

International Dairy Notes, August 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
The USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) publishes an annual estimate of agricultural exports by state. This Babcock Institute update focuses on Wisconsin dairy exports from ERS's latest report covering FY2004.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wisconsin Dairy Exports; USDA Economic Research Service; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37740

FTAA: What's in It for the South?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hester,   Annette.
Not everyone in the Americas thinks that negotiating an FTAA is desirable. Some argue that the timing of the negotiations is being set by the agenda of the developed countries, particularly the US, and not that of the rest of the region. Others say that negotiating tariff reductions will do little to increase exports. The argument is that non-tariff barriers to trade must be part of the package, or the whole idea is a waste of time. These are just some of the opinions coming from the South. Interestingly, a number of these ideas are coming from Brazil, the hemisphere's most populous country after the US, and clearly a leader in the region. Presidential elections in Brazil took place in the fall of 2002 just prior to an FTAA Ministerial in Quito. In the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Non-tariff barriers; FTAA; South; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23930

Changing Pattern in U.S. Apparel Trade Post-2008: Implications for U.S. Cotton
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Malaga,   Jaime E.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.
In 1995, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) provided for the calculated liberalization of the textiles and apparel sectors over a 10-year period ending in 2005, except for some safeguard measures ending on December 31,    2008.  These safeguard measures allowed for import restrictions by the U.S. on certain categories of cotton apparel from China.  Using a 57-equation, annual econometric, price equilibrium simulation model of the U.S. cotton and cotton apparel markets, results point to lower cotton apparel prices in the U.S. by as much as $ 0.25 per kilogram while cotton prices decline by less than $ 0.01 per kilogram once these safeguards expire.  In the baseline scenario, quotas are removed in 2009-2015 except for the safeguards. In the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6066

U.S. Proposal for WTO Agriculture Negotiations: Its Impact on U.S. and World Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Food And Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI).
Senator Chambliss asked FAPRI to analyze the latest U.S. proposal for WTO agriculture negotiations. This proposal includes changes in export competition, market access, and domestic support. The analysis covers the first seven years of policy changes implied by the proposal, during which the most significant reductions in tariffs and trade-distorting domestic support and elimination of export subsidies would be phased in starting in 2007/08. The proposal reduces the permitted current U.S. aggregate measures of support to $7.64 billion and limits blue box support to $4.77 billion. These limits imply lower loan rates and support prices and reduced counter-cyclical payments. The proposal lowers EU domestic support to €11.4 billion, implying large reductions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18396

Agriculture's Terms of Trade: Issues and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colman,   David R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F14; N50; N60; N70; O13; P45; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53200

Different Roads to Liberalisation: Scenarios for a Moroccan Case Study of the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Dell'Aquila,   Crescenzo; Antimiani,   Alessandro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25136

POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITS TO THE LIBERALISATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE WTO MILLENIUM ROUND (SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE TRANSITORY ECONOMIES)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halmai,   Peter.
Through the comprehensive regulation international agricultural trade, the GATT Uruguay Round was already a significant move towards the elimination of market distorting factors/barriers. But the Agreement of Agriculture was only the first step on this long path and at the same time certain internal contradictions were generated:  Due to the “dirty tariffication” the heavy protectionist countries could still impose high import duties;  The mechanism for limiting domestic subsidies has not proven to be efficient;  Certain hidden subsidies- such as export loans – were not included in the liberalisation system etc. The new WTO Round starting at the end of 1999 offers again the chance to further reduce the market distorting barriers. However, the planned...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123657

Thailand's Maize Export Agreement Policy: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konjing,   Chaiwat.
This study is an evaluation of Thailand's maize export agreement policy through economic analyses of prices and markets for Thai maize. Maize export agreements between Thailand and Japan since 1966 and recently Taiwan has played an important role to the overall development of Thai maize. These agreements feature two important policy elements, (a) an export quota and (b) a fixed export price. Some disagreements now exist, however, as to whether these export agreements are more or less desirable for Thailand than free trade. Statistical analyses of the wholesale-export price linkages of maize in Bangkok, using monthly contract data during 1970-1974 crops years, showed that the Bangkok wholesale maize prices were heavily influenced by fixed formula export...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8446

Global interactions between bioenergy and climate policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.; Sohngen,   Brent.
Over the past few years, interest in bioenergy has boomed with higher oil prices and concerns about energy security, farm incomes, and mitigation of climate change. In the same time, there is significant interest in international agricultural and forestry based greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation.  However, bioenergy and climate policies are being formulated largely independent of one another. Understanding the interaction between these potentially competing policy objectives is valuable for identifying possible constraints that one policy might be placing on the other, as well as potential complementarities. Using a general equilibrium framework, this study assesses the effects of bioenergy expansion on sectoral, regional and global GHG emissions mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61592

On Trade Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Institutional Quality: The Case of Central European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Fogarasi,   Jozsef.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a gravity model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo-Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate volatility on trade.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity model; Exchange rate volatility; Institutions.; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; G10; F11; O17; Q17; P29.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122510

TESTING THE EFFECT OF AN ANTI-DUMPING DUTY: THE US SALMON MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asche,   Frank.
After holding a market share of over 50% for farmed salmon in USA, the market was closed for Norwegian salmon in 1991 when a countervailing duty was imposed.  The objective for U.S. farmers was to increase prices and U.S. market shares.  This paper investigates whether U.S. farmers reached these goals.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21714

A PILOT STUDY OF PLANS THAT THE UNITED STATES FOOD INDUSTRY HAS FOR PARTICIPATING IN EASTERN EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cangemi,   Robert R.; Lopez,   R.H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27197

Evaluierung der Übergangsregelung des Herkunftsschutzes bei Agrarprodukten und Lebensmitteln in Europa gemäß Verordnung (EG) Nr. 510/06 und Verbesserungsvorschläge für die anstehende Modifikation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Profeta,   Adriano; Balling,   Richard.
With the coming-into-effect of regulation (EC) Nr. 510/06 from the 20th March 2006 and the executive regulation (EG) Nr. 1898/06 the community-wide protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foods received a new legal basis. The new regulation replaces the old regulation (EG) Nr. 2081/92. Because some of the changes have great significance for new applications of producer groups and for their communication policy in this paper the most important modifications will be presented and evaluated. Furthermore proposals for possible future modifications are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Protection of origin; Protected designation of origin; Protected geographical indication; Regulation (EC) Nr. 510/06; Executive regulation (EC) Nr. 1898/06; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96731

The Unbearable Lightness of Regulatory Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank.
Will unbearable regulatory costs ruin the US economy? This specter haunts official Washington, just as fears of communism once did. Once again, the prevailing rhetoric suggests, an implacable enemy of free enterprise puts our prosperity at risk. Like anti-communism in its heyday, anti-command-and-control-ism serves to narrow debate, promoting the unregulated laissez-faire economy as the sole acceptable goal and standard for public policy. Fears of the purported costs of regulation have been used to justify a sweeping reorganization of regulatory practice, in which the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is empowered to, and often enough does, reject regulations from other agencies on the basis of intricate, conjectural, economic calculations. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37159

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF LATIN AMERICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Jara,   Esteban; Croser,   Johanna L.; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48525

Imports in the Washington State Economy: Importance and Regional Effects of Import Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Wahl,   Thomas I.
This paper focuses on the import side of a regional economy quantifying the economic impact of import levels and trade liberalization. An innovation represents the linkage of a regional with a national model by combining two separate Computable General Equilibrium models into one framework. This allows for import price formation in liberalization scenarios on the national level and subsequent incorporation of these nationally simulated prices into the regional model.  The regional model is applied to Washington State, one of the most trade dependent states of the U.S, the national model to the U.S. Data for the two identically structured models origin from the IMPLAN database which divides the U.S. and Washington economy into 509 industries. For both...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Computable General equilibrium; Regional modelling; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; C68; R13; F17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9861

Which Avenue for Sugar Trade Reform? WTO, Regional or Bilateral
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   R. Karl.
Paper and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32868

The Doha Round, Agriculture, and the Developing Countries (Paper and PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cline,   William R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8028

TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL PORK SECTOR: ANALYSIS OF ZERO-FOR-ZERO OPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Surry,   Yves R.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14546

MEXICAN-U.S. FRESH TOMATO TRADE: AN ANALYSIS OF VOLUME, PRICES AND TRANSACTION COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padilla-Bernal,   Luz E.; Thilmany,   Dawn D.
Tomato trade between the U.S. and Mexico has grown significantly during the past decade. Although the tariff reductions accorded under NAFTA may explain part of his increase, there are other supply and demand factors that affect trade flows. This study develops a U.S.-Mexico tomato trade model, with special focus on the interdependence between trading costs and the volume of Mexican imports. As expected, the exchange rate is a significant determinant of trading costs, but the level of tariffs was insignificant in both the trading and tomato supply equations. The shipping point price level and volume of imports also appear to affect these costs. For the import supply and demand models, there appears to be a significant share of imports that rely on previous...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36445

Country of Origin Advertising and U.S. Wine Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Stanley R.; Sam,   Abdoul G.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of media advertising on the US consumption of imported wine. A panel data of seven countries and twelve years from 1994-2005 is used to estimate the demand function for US wine imports.  Our empirical analysis reveals evidence of strong price and advertising effects of domestic and imported wines on imported quantities; the advertising of imported wines significantly increases the quantity of imports while the advertising of domestic wines has a strong depressing effect on imported wine volumes. Our short-run import demand price and advertising elasticity estimates are -0.406 and 0.109 for imports and 0.654 and -0.370 for domestic wines, respectively. Other determinants such as population, real...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6553

Optimal export taxes – the case of cocoa in Cote d'Ivoire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burger,   Kees.
Export taxes can provide additional welfare to large exporters, an argument for interventions in many primary commodity exporting countries. We investigate the benefits of export taxation for Côte d'Ivoire, the dominant exporter of cocoa. Where many applications treat the formula for optimal export taxes incorrectly as a prescription, we take the endogeneity of the exporter’s share into account. We also distinguish between short-term and long-term effects, relevant for a tree crop like cocoa and we allow for a normal commercial margin between export and farm gate prices. Results are calculated via simulations in a model, in which the age-compositions of the tree stocks of major producing countries are distinguished. Simulations over a period of 15 years...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Optimal export tax; Primary commodities; Cocoa; Côte d'Ivoire; Vintage model; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6395

The Impact of Economic Partnership Agreements on African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries Imports and Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrissey,   Oliver; Zgovu,   Evious.
This paper estimates the impact on a sample of 34 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries of eliminating tariffs on imports from the EU under Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), considering trade, welfare and revenue effects. Even assuming ‘immediate’ complete elimination of all tariffs on imports from the EU, some two-thirds of ACP countries are likely to experience welfare gains; the ACP overall and the average ACP country gain. The overall welfare effect relative to GDP tends to be very small, whether positive or negative. While potential tariff revenue losses are non-negligible, given that countries have at least ten years in which to implement the tariff reductions, there is scope for tax substitution. An important issue is identifying the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU-ACP; Economic Partnership Agreement; ACP Imports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44205

Impact of U.S. duty drawback on the demand for orange juice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Fernandes,   Waldir B.; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
A demand system model differentiating goods by origin is developed to examine impacts of duty drawback on U.S. orange juice exports and prices.  An empirical analysis suggests that on average duty drawback has increased annual orange juice exports by about 16.5 million SSE gallons or 11% of export sales, and has supported the U.S. price of orange juice by about 2 cents per gallon.  Not all benefits of duty drawback go to exporters.  Importers who own drawback credits but do not export product may realize benefits by selling their credits to exporters.  The analysis suggests these benefits effectively reduce by the U.S. orange juice tariff, positively impacting imports and negatively impacting the U.S. price.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Duty drawback; Orange juice; Demand; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52894

DISENTANGLING THE PRODUCTION AND EXPORT CONSEQUENCES OF DIRECT FARM INCOME PAYMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chau,   Nancy H.; de Gorter,   Harry.
This paper formalizes the production and export consequences of direct farm payments.  Taxpayer financed direct payments distort exit and production incentives, while consumer financed subsidies also imply that the risks of domestic and export production differ. Welfare decompostion and empirical calibration illustrate the potential for import barriers to cross-subsidize exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21854

VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS BETWEEN FOREIGN EXCHANGE, COMMODITY AND FREIGHT FUTURES PRICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEDGING STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haigh,   Michael S.; Holt,   Matthew T.
In many studies the assumption is made that traders only encounter one type of price risk. In reality, however, traders are exposed to multiple price risks, and often have several relevant derivative instruments available with which to hedge price uncertainty. In this study, commodity, foreign exchange, and freight futures contracts are analyzed for their effectiveness in reducing price uncertainty for international grain traders. A theoretical model is developed for a representative European importer to depict a realistic trading problem encountered by an international grain trading corporation exposed to more than one type of price risk.  The traditional method of estimating hedge ratios by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is compared to the Seemingly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedging; Multivariate GARCH; Foreign exchange; Freight and commodity futures; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21625

US TOMATOES IN JAPAN: EVOLUTION OF A SUCCESS STORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckman,   Edward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33244

IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE TRADING INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warley,   T.K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17915

The U.S. Value of Agricultural Production: A Measurement Framework with Implications for WTO Monitoring and Disciplines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Jose.
Abstract        A framework for reconciling data in U.S. notifications of domestic support to the World Trade Organization (WTO) with data from numerous U.S. sources is presented.  The framework also allows projections of possible data in the future U.S. notifications.  A country’s calculation of the value of production (VOP) for individual agricultural products and the total value of production are important for the analysis of domestic support constraints under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and in the Doha negotiations.  The framework consists of 65 linked spreadsheets, grouped into 54 data and 11 result tables.  Information flows from the data tables to the result tables based on procedures deduced from the analysis of U.S. notifications.   The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO; Domestic support; United States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51556

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Western Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48571

Changing Patterns of Livestock, Meat, and Dairy Marketing in Post-Communist Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esenova,   Saulesh; Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper describes the challenges associated with marketing livestock, meat, milk, and dairy products in Post-Communist Kazakhstan. A major finding is that Food Master, a joint venture between Developed Technologies, Inc. of the US and Ak-Bulak, Ltd. of Kazakhstan, achieved profits and large market shares in the fluid milk business in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Food Master's milk procurement practices also changed the structure of the dairy business in Kazakhstan's Almaty region and provided a model for slowing the downward spiral in milk production in Kazakhstan. The study contains lessons for other agribusinesses wishing to form joint ventures in Post-Communist Central Asia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kazakhstan; Marketing in Kazakhstan; Post-Communism; Food Master; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37659

Demand and supply factors in the export of South African fresh oranges to the United Kingdom: 1976-1993
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khuele,   P.R.S.; Darroch,   Mark A.G.
Two Stage Least Squares and principal component analysis were used to estimate the export demand and supply of South African (SA) fresh oranges in the United Kingdom (UK) during 1976-1993. Export demand was negatively related to the SA fresh orange price relative to the price of fresh oranges from Israel, and positively related to lagged orange exports (consumer brand loyalty proxy). Export supply was positively related to lagged net export realisation price relative to domestic orange price, the SA fresh orange price in the UK relative to the SA fresh orange price in France, lagged exports (export orientation), and supply shocks. The relative price elasticity of export demand was inelastic in both the short- and long-run, indicating that Capespan...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54452

Migration, Trade, Capital and Development: Substitutes, Complements and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
Migration of the unskilled clearly benefits the origin country, mainly due to the flow of remittances but also if the departure of some raises the ability of others to migrate. This depends on whether trade is a complement or a substitute for migration.  The impact of such flows on the destination country is more ambiguous, although most research indicates that wages and employment are not likely to be seriously affected.Migration of the skilled is ambiguous with respect to the origin country since the impact of brain drain on local development must be weighed against the signaling effect for additional education plus the contribution of remittances.  With respect to the destination country, the inflow of skilled labor is generally considered an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28421

Concentration of the trade and the small-scale fruit and vegetable producers – practices in Hungary and in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurti,   Andrea; Kozak,   Anita; Seres,   Antal.
This study examines the conflicts arising from the requirements of the food retail chains and their possible solutions, based on an analysis of the foreign and domestic trade literature and on a domestic assessment of 2008. Direct supplies from small-scale producers have future prospects only in the field of niche market products. Only production organisations integrating small-scale producers may be successful in the supply of large quantity products of homogeneous quality. In Hungary, similar organisations – principally POs – still do not have a role comparable to that they fulfil in more developed countries of the European Union in the field of the supplies to the food retail chains. For increasing supplies, the domestic small-scale producers should...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Concentration; Food retail chains; Supply; Small-scale producers; Fruits and vegetables; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59047

MARKET POWER IN THE WORLD MARKET FOR SOYMEAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Satish Y.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this article, the degree of imperfect competition in the world market for soymeal exports is estimated using a structural econometric model. The procedure consists of estimating a demand function and the industry first-order profit-maximization condition, from which an estimate of the degree of market power can be retrieved. Using a nonlinear three-stage least squares procedure, the estimate of market power shows that the world market for soymeal exports is perfectly competitive. The empirical results also indicate that this market was competitive even prior to entry by Argentinean firms in the mid-1970s.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31010

PROSPECTS FOR CANADIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO DOHA ROUND -- A MESSAGE TO THE CANADIAN DELEGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Coney,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18131

The Impact of Decoupled Payments on the Cost of Operating Capital
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kropp,   Jaclyn D.; Whitaker,   James B.
We estimate the impact of direct payments under the 2002 Farm Act on the credit terms of farm operators, specifically the interest rate on short-term operating loans.  In the analysis, we control for farm financial characteristic, farm operator characteristics, and other factors.  Using data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) for the year 2007, we show that as the proportion of base acres to total operated acres increases, interest rates decline by a small but statistically significant amount.  This implies that direct payments lead to lower operating costs through better credit terms.  Lower operating costs may in turn allow some farmers to produce on land that would otherwise be unprofitable to operate.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Credit rationing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade; Q15; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49311

PORT ELEVATOR CAPACITY AND NATIONAL AND WORLD GRAIN SHIPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnett,   Doug; Binkley,   James K.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
An analysis is conducted on the port component of the United States grain export system.  A transshipment model is utilized which covers both United States internal and foreign shipments of corn, soybeans, and wheat during the four quarters of a year.  The model suggests that there will be quarter to quarter constraints on port capacity but that annual capacity is adequate.  Through sensitivity analysis a number of key factors were found which influence the adequacy of the current port system.  Port adequacy is found to depend not as much on export market location as it does on domestic transportation rates and policies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32363

Policy Responses to 2008 High Food Prices: Domestic Incentives and Global Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woolverton,   Andrea E.; Kiawu,   James.
Global food commodity price inflation beginning in 2006 and continuing through mid-2008 became a priority concern for global consumers, producers and policy-makers alike.  In response, many governments across the world implemented policies targeting high food commodity prices in their domestic markets.  These policy responses were concentrated in lower income countries and primarily targeted rice and wheat. The 2007-08 policy responses across countries included liberalized import tariffs, export restrictions and increased domestic support for both consumers and producers.   We develop a case study of 15 major global trading, lower-income countries’ policy responses .  The analysis addressed the following questions: a) What policy responses did major global...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: High food prices; Trade policy; Agriculture; Political economy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104506

TIME AS A TRADE BARRIER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hummels,   David.
International trade occurs in physical space and moving goods requires time. This paper examines the importance of time as a trade barrier, estimates the magnitude of time costs, and relates these to patterns of trade and the international organization of production. Estimates indicate that each additional day spent in transport reduces the probability that the US will source from that country by 1 – 1.5 percent. Conditional on exporting country, estimates directly identify a willingness-to-pay for time savings using variation across exporters and commodities in the relative price / speed tradeoff for air and ocean shipping. Each day saved in shipping time is worth 0.8 percent ad-valorem for manufactured goods. Relative declines over time in air shipping...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28701

Exchange Rate and Output Dynamics Between Japan and Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Sammo; Kim,   Soyoung; Wang,   Yunjong; Yoon,   Deok Ryong.
Japan and Korea are close countries in terms of economic interaction as well as geography. To quantify the impact of changes in the yen-dollar exchange rate on the Korean economy before and after the crisis in 1997, the sample period has been divided into two sub-periods and the causal relationships examined by using vector autoregression analysis. Our estimates show that while the response of Korean industrial production to changes in the yen-dollar exchange rate was not significant during the pre-crisis period, it became significant during the post-crisis period. The forecast error variance decomposition also confirms that the yen-dollar exchange rate shocks have almost negligible explanatory power with regards to Korean industrial production during the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; E32; F36; F41.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26297

Foreign-Market Entry Strategies in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stiegert,   Kyle W.; Ardalan,   Archie Amir; Marsh,   Thomas L.
This study utilized intra-firm, socio-cultural, geographical-proximity, and political-stability variables to explain bimodal foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns by agri-food and beverage multinational companies into and within the European Union. A logit framework incorporated a unique-count database of firm-level investment patterns from 1987–1998. The results showed the 1992 structural changes under the Maastricht Treaty increased the probability of wholly owned FDI modes such as greenfields and buyouts. The model also found that past modal strategies of firms, language barriers, and exchange-rate volatility all correctly explained modal investment patterns. The results provide important contributions toward understanding modal investment strategies...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7067

Virtual Cooperatives in Brazil and the Globalization Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bialoskorski Neto,   Sigismundo.
Agricultural cooperatives in Brazil, as in other countries, develop through vertical integration in order to promote industrialization of the agricultural product and to aggregate the value of agricultural commodities. The vertical integration strategy was a predominant business planning adopted by Brazilian agricultural cooperatives in the 1980s. It was responsible for greater assets in cooperatives, larger agro industrial plants, and higher debt structure. Nowadays, it is possible to observe new agro industrial cooperative organizations in Brazil called "Virtual Cooperatives." These virtual organizations do not possess significant assets or industrial plants, but represent a network that has a particular business strategy in the markets. In order to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60900

Assessing the potential impact of strengthening food safety regulations on developing countries: The US Food Safety and Modernization Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mosquera,   Mauricio; Evans,   Edward A.; Walters,   Lurleen M.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
This paper’s goal is to assess the extent to which producers in Developing Countries have coped stricter US food safety regulations. We approach the question by calculating refusals/imports ratios and their trends for a sample of Developing Countries. We conclude there is a learning process in low value added products.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Traceability; Value chain analysis; Trade; Latin America and the Caribbean; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119711

FOREWORD: Special Issue on Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abler,   David G.; Shortle,   James S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10204

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on China's Grain Sector and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   James M.; Tuan,   Francis C.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study analyzes the potential impact of climate change on China's corn, wheat, and rice, domestic agricultural markets, and the international markets out to the year 2050. The study provides a brief background and reviews research literature of climate change effects on China's crop yields. The paper presents the potential impact of climate change on China's yields and attempts to quantify the domestic and global market impacts. The analysis has four scenarios, which assumes two future levels of greenhouse gas emissions with the effects of CO2 fertilization and no CO2 fertilization. A 27-country commodity partial equilibrium simulation mathematical programming model (PEATSim) is used for this analysis. Results indicate under CO2 fertilization, which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Trade; Climate change; GHG; CO2 fertilization; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Dynamic partial equilibrium simulation mathematical model.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103768

SHOULD REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE BE A POLICY PRIORITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Diao,   Xinshen; Bahta,   Yonas Tesfamariam.
We develop a detailed trade analysis to assess the potential impacts of a free trade agreement (FTA) on the agricultural sector of Southern African countries. We do this by combining the use of a partial equilibrium analysis with bilateral trade data at the four-digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) level for 193 agricultural industries in 14 Southern African countries. Results show that the overall welfare effects of a FTA would be positive but small in most countries. Largest benefits would go to countries with a regional comparative advantage for agriculture, while still being inefficient producers of regionally traded commodities. No direct gains for importing countries are expected because a FTA would increase imports from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional trade agreement; Southern Africa; Agricultural trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F15; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51734

THE NEW WAVE OF REGIONALISM: DOES OUTSIDER/INSIDER STATUS AFFECT THE COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Vollrath,   Thomas L.
The degree to which countries are pursuing regional trade agreements (RTAs) has been nothing short of extraordinary. The topic of regional integration is “breeding concern” among academics and policymakers as to the intra- and extra-regional effects of these agreements. This study constructs and uses an updated database of agricultural trade flows from 1992-2008 to shed light on the degree to which insider and outsiders status affects U.S. agricultural exporters and its competing suppliers. Regarding outsider status, we modify the existing approach by incorporating region-specific extra-bloc trade flow variables to examine the degree to which RTAs divert trade from specific regions of the world. The results are quite illuminating. While RTAs may not be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61144

Estimating Global Environmental Implications of Agricultural Trade Liberalization: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Donna J.; Zhang,   J.
Preliminary results indicate a reduction in agricultural trade barriers offers some benefits to poorer nations at the expense of some richer nations. A positive externality if trade liberalization is a decrease in coal combustion and a slight decrease in global CO2 emissions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25290

Multifunctionality, Agricultural Trade and WTO Negotiations: A Review of Interactions and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Bris,   Katell.
The paper considers the set of issues associated with the design and implementation of support, trade and multifunctionality policies in agriculture. It first describes how non-trade concerns were taken into account in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture and how they are currently integrated in the current round of negotiations through the opposition between multifunctionality proponents versus opponents. It briefly describes the main non-trade concerns that can be associated with agricultural production (food security, viability of rural areas, environment and natural resource protection) and concludes that a unambiguous resolution to the problems of identifying, measuring and valuing the externalities and/or the public goods associated with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25135

IS THE EXPORT-LEAD GROWTH HYPOTHESIS VALID FOR CANADA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awokuse,   Titus O.
Empirical evidence linking exports to economic growth has been mixed and inconclusive. This study re-examine the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis for Canada by testing for Granger causality from exports to national output growth using vector error correction models (VECM) and the augmented vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology developed in Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Application of recent developments in time series modeling and the inclusion of relevant variables omitted in previous studies help clarify the contradictory results from prior studies on the Canadian economy. The empirical results suggest that a long-run steady state exists among the model's six variables and that Granger causal flow is unidirectional from real exports to real GDP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; F43; C32.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15823

Non-indigenous Species and Preemptive Trade Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lawley,   Chad.
This paper presents a theoretical model of the enforcement of an SPS standard - border inspections for invasive non-indigenous species - in the presence of both risk-reducing and protectionist motivations. The paper evaluates the impact of political economy and terms of trade motivations on optimal inspection intensity. The response of optimal inspection intensity to the infection rate and predetermined tariff rate is sensitive to the inclusion of these protectionist motivations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6111

Can the Australian exchange rate still be considered a commodity based currency?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frost,   Mark; Parton,   Kevin A.
The Australian dollar is considered a commodity-based currency, with the high level of primary commodity exports in Australia’s trade balance given as an explanation. Key studies have concluded that Australia’s terms of trade are a primary driver of the real exchange rate based on a comparative advantage trade model. These studies have been undertaken at an aggregate level where changes in the terms of trade have been assumed as a given. Since the Australian economy was deregulated in the early 1980s, there have been dramatic changes in the structure of the economy. Australia’s trading activity has grown and now contributes more within the domestic economy. Similarly the structure and contribution of key imports and exports has also evolved. Furthermore...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59735

Japanese Wheat Import Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jung-Hee; Koo,   Won W.; Krause,   Mark A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23169

Conceptualizing Multifunctional Agriculture from a Global Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Wanki.
The notion of multifunctional agriculture has been actively researched from diverse disciplines including economics, ecology, sociology, and geography since emerged out of the Uruguay Round in the 1990s.  In particular, the economics approach represents an attempt to tailor the concept of multifunctional agriculture to market-oriented WTO trade regime.  The economics approach has been fundamentally troubled by the lack of concord among WTO member countries on the question of what constitutes multifunctional agriculture.  Upon examining how differently the notion of multifunctional agriculture is perceived across the US, the EU, the Cairns group, the LDCs, and the developed food-importing countries (the G10), this article theorizes that multifunctional...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Global governance of agriculture; WTO; Agricultural trade; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119751

Converging Patterns in Global Food Consumption and Food Delivery Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frazao,   Elizabeth; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager; Regmi,   Anita.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123992

China’s WTO Accession and Regional Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Tingsong.
Along with the rapid economic growth since China undertook economic reform in 1978, the income gap among Chinese regions has widened. Using CERD, a computable general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy with regional details, this paper investigates the impact of China’s accession to the World Trade Organisation on regional development and finds that, although all regions will gain from the accession, the trend of a widening gap among regions will be reinforced rather than eased. Specifically, the eastern coastal region gains more than the inland regions. The result is robust no matter whether the change in trade balance is left free or fixed, although the scenario with zero change in the trade balance generates a lower overall welfare gain and an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57900

California Agriculture Dimensions and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
The Evolution of California Agriculture 1850-2000, by Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode; Cross Sections of a Diverse Agriculture: Profiles of California's Agricultural Production Regions and Principle Commodities, by Warren E. Johnston; The Measure of California Agriculture and Its Importance in the State's Economy, by Daniel Sumner, Jose E. Bervejillo and Nicolai V. Kuminoff; Marketing California's Agricultural Production, by Hoy F. Carman, Roberta Cook and Richard J. Sexton; International Trade and the Road Ahead for California Agriculture, by Tiffany Arthur, Colin Carter, and Alix Peterson Zwane; Commodity Policy and California Agriculture, by Daniel A. Sumner and Henrich Brunke; Water Infrastructure and Water Allocation in California, by Richard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11917

PRIVATIZATION AND COMPETITIVE CHALLENGES TO THE NEW ZEALAND APPLE AND PEAR BOARD AND THE EXPORT IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welsh,   Robert S.; Juric,   Biljana; Hamlin,   Robert.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26797

EXPLAINING THE HEALTH CHECK:THE BUDGET, WTO, AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLICY PARADIGM REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daugbjerg,   Carsten; Swinbank,   Alan.
Three potential explanations of past CAP reforms have been identified in the literature: a budget constraint, pressure from GATT/WTO negotiations or commitments, and a paradigm shift emphasising agriculture’s provision of public goods. The presentation, content and context of the Health Check reform proposals of 2007/08 are assessed. The proposals are probably more ambitious than first supposed. The Health Check was not primarily driven by budget pressures; the European Commission’s wish to adopt an offensive negotiating stance in the closing phases of the Doha Round was a more likely explanatory factor. The EU’s response to the commodity price spikes in 2008, and its Health Check proposals, suggest that the supposed switch from a state-assisted policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Check; CAP Reform; WTO; Doha; Paradigm change; Multifunctional; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44818

BALANÇA COMERCIAL DO AGRIBUSINESS AGROPECUÁRIO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE DE 1998 A 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franca,   Lidiane Da Silva; Silva,   Etevaldo Almeida.
Nesta pesquisa procurou-se identificar a contribuição que os produtos agropecuários não processados deram para a composição do saldo da balança comercial do agribusiness do estado do Rio Grande do Norte no período de 1998 a 2004. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na análise tabular descritiva dos dados coletados dos principais produtos do agribusiness agropecuário do Estado valor das exportações e importações e saldo da balança comercial do setor. Os resultados demonstraram que os produtos agropecuários não processados contribuíram positivamente para o saldo total da balança comercial do Estado, visto que o saldo deste setor foi positivo em todos os anos analisados. No período de 1998 a 2004 os principais produtos agropecuários presentes na composição da...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Balança comercial; Agronegócio; Produtos agropecuários não processados; Superávit; Trade balance; Agribusiness; Non-processed agricultural products; Surplus; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114114

OPENING MARKETS WHILE MAINTAINING PROTECTION: TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN KOREA AND JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Choi,   Jung-Sup; Sumner,   Daniel A.
As the result of Uruguay Round negotiations, Korea and Japan established tariff rate quotas (TRQs) for agricultural imports. Both countries allocate the TRQs with various methods that show different fill rates and welfare implications. The state trading enterprises play important roles in TRQ administration in both countries. The TRQs contributed to increased imports. However, the transparency and commercial consideration in administrating the TRQs remain a concern and the access for some commodities seems to be less open than would be the case if quota amounts were made available on a purely commercial basis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31338

WTO, FTA and Seeking Common Agricultural Policy in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honma,   Masayoshi.
This article examines the current stage of WTO negotiations on agriculture and discusses the power structure in major players in the negotiations. The difficulty to reach agreement in WTO leads many counties to FTA for further liberalization in trade. But agricultural sector tends to be a stumbling block there also. To discuss agricultural issues in FTA three countries of China, Japan and Korea are selected for an example of a multiple country FTA in Asia. Examined are how agricultural should be treated and possibility of substantially including agricultural sector in China-Japan-Korea FTA. Despite the difficulties, agricultural sector should be included in the list of tariff reductions for the C-J-K FTA. It is a good opportunity for reforming agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO negotiations; FTA and agriculture; Globalization; C-J-K FTA; Common Agricultural Policy in Asia; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25539

The effect of biofuel on the international oil market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hochman,   Gal; Rajagopal,   Deepak; Zilberman,   David.
This paper derives a method to quantify the impact of biofuel on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by cartel of oil-rich countries, and that prices in these countries are set to maximize the sum of domestic consumer and producer surplus, leading to a wedge between domestic and international fuel prices. We model this behavior by applying the optimal export tax model (henceforth, the cartel-of-nations model) to the fuel markets. Using data from 2007 to calibrate the model, we show that the introduction of biofuels reduces global fossil fuel consumption and international fuel prices by about 1% and 2%, respectively. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the cartel-of-nations model, in contrast...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; OPEC; Biofuel; Fuel; Carbon savings; Optimal export tax model; Cheap oil; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F1; Q4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59170

ALBERTA AGRICULTURE AND FOOD TRADE: RECENT TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosario,   Joe A.
Exports have been an integral and essential feature of the agriculture and food industry in Alberta. This is a product of the province’s relatively low population and consumption base on the demand side juxtaposed with a large resource base of prime agriculture land for crop production and an abundance of range and pasture for grazing and forage for raising livestock on the supply side. A host of factors influence the disposition of surplus production or exports including global supply/demand balances, relative cost/price relations, structural changes through farm consolidation and scale economies, market access, exchange rates, sanitary and phyto‐sanitary standards and regulations, disease and pest related issues. The inherent nature of agriculture means...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Agriculture; Food; Trade; Food trade; Food industry; Commodities; Food production; Policy; Performance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60426

MARKETING AUSTRALIAN BEEF AND EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION SCHEMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freebairn,   John W.; Gruen,   Fred H.G.
The Australian Meat Board (AMB) can influence the quantities sent to and the prices received for Australian beef and veal in the domestic and various export markets. Through its power to grant export licences and the conditions to be met in obtaining export licences the AMB can adopt the role of a price discriminating monopolist without supply control. This paper evaluates the price, quantity, efficiency and distribution effects of the export diversification scheme introduced by the AMB in 1968, of some modified schemes proposed in 1976, and of an alternative system whereby rights to export to premium export markets with quota restrictions are auctioned.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22989

Trade negotiations (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Chris.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97616

Australia's Real Exchange Rate: 1985 to 1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Peter B.; Parmenter,   B.R.
A published version of this paper is available in Economic Papers 6 (2), June 1987, 1-6.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9209

The Impact of EU Accession in Romania: An Analysis of Regional Development Policy Effects by a Multiregional I-O Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonfiglio,   Andrea.
The objective of this article is to assess labour income and employment effects in Romania coming from rural development and structural policies defined in the proposed 2007-09 EU accession financial package. The methodology used is based on a multiregional I-O model derived by a three-stage estimation procedure. Main results show that EU accession will lead to large positive effects in Romania, which vary according to the region considered. In this connection, the South and the North- East regions are those on which benefits tend to concentrate. Finally, policy would seem to reduce regional and sectoral income disparities, leading to more balanced development. On the contrary, in terms of employment, policy would increase divergences, albeit, from an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU accession; Rural development; Structural actions; Policy impact; Multiregional I-O model; International Relations/Trade; C82; R15; R58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24492

TRADE IMPACTS OF VOLUNTARY QUALITY STANDARDS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.; Normile,   Mary Anne.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14563

ON THE SUPPLY FUNCTION OF THE HUNGARIAN PORK MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyars,   Levente; Vizvari,   Bela.
The Hungarian pork market has been in a decreasing position in the last years. The main reasons for that is the increasing international competition, the Hungarian support system has been replaced by CMO of pigmeat and the decrease of pig meat consumption as a result of customer behaviour. There was no exact estimation of the Hungarian supply function. In a earlier paper we have published for regression equations for it. In the first part of present paper we show that these equations forecasted in a appropriate way the pessimistic scenario. The second part of paper discusses revisited, new regression equations.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International competition; Change of consumers’ behaviour; Price elasticities; Forecasting; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43245

Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wocken,   Christian; Hemme,   Torsten; Ramanovich,   Mikhail; Fahlbusch,   Markus; Spiller,   Achim.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97526

Dissipation of Knowledge and the Boundaries of the Multinational Enterprise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gattai,   Valeria; Molteni,   Corrado.
This paper provides a theoretical formalisation of the joint-venture contract, as an alternative to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), within a Dissipation of Intangible Assets framework. In a two-period model, we discuss how the threat of knowledge spillover shapes the boundaries of a Multinational Enterprise. Similarly to the theoretical findings on the FDI-licensing trade off, we show that the integrated solution is more likely to emerge when know-how easily spills over – i.e. when firms are endowed with more Intangible Assets or they belong to high tech industries. Probit estimates, from a new firm-level dataset, show that Japanese manufacturing operations in Europe are in line with these predictions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12077

Examination of New Zealand's Agricultural Sector in Response to Economic Growth and Changing Trade Relations with China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wallace,   Michael; Shakur,   Shamim.
China’s growth performance over the last three decades has stood at a phenomenal nine percent per annum and shows little sign of abating despite challenging market conditions in recent times. With ever increasing demand and limited land availability this is set to have an increasing impact on New Zealand which has a comparative advantage in land-intensive agricultural products. Already this is observable in recent trade statistics. Using GTAP (global trade analysis project), a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this research estimates the future effects of Chinese growth to New Zealand’s agricultural sectors and its economy in general. Almost all primary industries in New Zealand can expect to benefit from China’s growth, most notably wool and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115416

The Mexican Market for U.S. Sorghum: Is There Room for Growth?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandrangi,   Syamalakumar; Malaga,   Jaime E.
Recent developments are affecting the Mexican grain-sorghum market, the primary destination of US sorghum exports. This study estimates the parameters of a Mexican import demand model for grain-sorghum that could be used to forecast and simulate future bilateral trade trends. Mexican sorghum/corn price ratio and Mexican poultry production revealed to be the critical explanatory variables.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35499

WTO, AGRICULTURE AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SURVEY OF ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio; Robinson,   Sherman; Thomas,   Marcelle; Yanoma,   Yukitsugu.
The objective of this paper is to present a survey of trade issues in agriculture from the perspective of developing countries. Developing countries are a large percentage of the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, and agriculture is critical for their economic growth, poverty alleviation, food security, and environmental sustainability. First, this paper identifies trends in production, consumption, and trade of food and agriculture over the last four decades. Some of the significant developments food and agricultural trade is the emergence of oilseeds and fruits and vegetables, which are becoming the main exports from developing countries, replacing traditional exports such as sugar, coffee and cocoa. The trends show also a worsening of developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16278

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION: THE BANGLADESH EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Terry,   Danny E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27908

Comercio internacional de servicios: una reflexión sobre la balanza de servicios no financieros del Perú: período 1970-1988
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres Valderrama,   Armando.
Este documento contiene algunas reflexiones sobre la problemática del comercio internacional de servicios. Revisa la noción de servicios desde tres perspectivas: la económica, la estadística y la comercial, así como la evolución del comercio internacional de servicios durante los últimos veinte años.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comercio internacional; Balanza comercial; Sector servicios; International trade; Balance of trade; Peru; International Relations/Trade; F40; F13.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42285

Asian-driven Resource Booms in Africa: Rethinking the Impacts on Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Thurlow,   James.
Today’s resource boom in Africa, driven by Asian economic growth, offers new opportunities for resource-rich African countries. Contrary to the experience of previous booms, however, most mining profits now accrue to foreign companies, leaving little room for governments to use revenues for pro-poor investments or to mitigate adverse distributional impacts. Taking Zambia as a case study, this paper shows that despite privatization, Dutch disease remains a valid concern and may hamper economic diversification, worsen income distribution, and undermine poverty reduction strategies. Mining royalties must, therefore, be increased and used to finance growth-inducing investments that encourage pro-poor economic diversification, else many African countries will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dutch disease; Resource booms; Privatization; Income distribution; Africa; Zambia; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42351

The border effect in agricultural markets between European Union, OECD and LDC countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Border effect; Gravity equation; Agricultural trade; European Union; LDCs; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37817

The Next-11 and the BRICs: Are They the Future Markets for Agrifood Trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cairns,   Alexander P.; Meilke,   Karl D.
In the mid-2000’s, Goldman Sachs identified two groups of emerging economies known as the BRICs and the Next-11. Primarily selected on the basis of having large populations, these countries were heralded as the growth centres of the future with the potential to stimulate increased demand for a wide range of commodities, including food. This study uses an import demand model to estimate how income influences per capita expenditure on agrifood imports in 63 countries. The findings suggest that as groups the BRICs and N-11 do not di↵er from other low, middle, or high income countries with respect to their import behaviour. However, disaggregation of the two groups reveals significantly larger expenditure elasticities for China, India, South Korea and Vietnam....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Next-11; BRICs; Trade; Agrifood; Imports; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122737

Severing the Link between Farm Program Payments and Farm Production: Motivation, International Efforts, and Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93398

"Natural Integration": A New Approach to Integration Policy in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
The article is based on the idea that geographic proximity is an essential factor for international integration policies due to its impact on the intensity of bilateral foreign trade and growth rate. Development is analysed as a process of structural diversification, whereby the country in question runs through different stages encountering co-ordination problems at the structural change-over points. Natural integration of neighbouring countries around a pivot country is shown to be an alternative to protectionist and multilateral liberalisation policies fostering structural diversification and overcoming coordination problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26210

The Effects of Non-Tariff Measures on Prices, Trade, and Welfare: CGE Implementation of Policy-Based Price Comparisons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andriamananjara,   Soamiely; Dean,   Judith M.; Feinberg,   Robert; Ferrantino,   Michael J.; Ludema,   Rodney; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
The global economic effects of eliminating certain significant categories of nontariff measures (NTMs) are estimated in a CGE context. As a first step, a database of institutional information identifying alleged instances of NTMs for particular products and countries is constructed based on WTO, U.S. Government, and EU sources, and compared with the UNCTAD policy inventory. This database is then concorded to a GTAP-feasible multiregion, multisector aggregation. Retail price data from the EIU CityData database, similarly concorded, are analyzed econometrically, taking into account systematic deviations from purchasing-power parity, to determine whether and to what extent the presence of alleged NTMs is associated with significantly higher prices. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15863

Peeling tomato paste subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bunte,   Frank H.J.
The Common Market Organisation (CMO) for fruit and vegetable products is currently evaluated by the European Commission. The evaluation may lead to a reform of the CMO. One of the elements under debate is the production subsidy for processing tomatoes. The processing tomato sector is one of most heavily subsidized sectors in primary production of fruit and vegetables. The current production subsidy equals approximately 50% of producer turnover. This paper evaluates two possible reforms of the processing tomato supply chain: (1) an abolishment of the production subsidy and (2) a replacement of the production subsidy by area payments (decoupling). The evaluation focuses on the impact the reform may have on production and trade patterns of fruits and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9389

The Uruguay Round: Final Agreements and Directions: Domestic Support
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chadee,   Doren; Johnson,   R.W.M.
In this and the following article the conclusion of the Uruguay Round negotiation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is discussed. This article sets out the details of the last stages of the negotiation, the main points of the agreement, and the implications of the domestic support arrangements. In the following article, Jimmye Hillman discusses the implications of the agreements for national governments, the development of rules for national policies, developments in the area of non-tariff barriers, and the future role of the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12486

Habit Effects and Producer Welfare in the Fresh Vegetable Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferrier,   Peyton Michael; Zhen,   Chen.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Vegetable; Free trade agreement; Tariff; Habits; NAFTA; Andean Trade Preference Act; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103286

Brokers vs. Retailers: Evidence from the French Imports Industry of Fresh Produce.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latouche,   Karine; Rouviere,   Elodie.
There is burgeoning discussion in the literature about trade intermediaries and more precisely about their specific role in trade. Using very original data, our article sheds light on the behavior of trade intermediaries when importing fresh fruits and vegetables in France. To do so, we distinguish the shares of direct and indirect imports of fresh produce respectively operated through French brokers and through French retailers. Accounting for the bounded nature of the share, we show that brokers are more likely than retailers to operate in small countries with high variable costs.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mporters; Intermediation; Fresh produce; International Trade.; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F23; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123331

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP: "STRUCTURAL CHANGE AS A SOURCE OF TRADE DISPUTES UNDER NAFTA"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loyns,   R.M.A.; Meilke,   Karl D.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16881

EMERGENCE OF U.S. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: CAN WE COMPETE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klonsky,   Karen; Tourte,   Laura; Thompson,   Gary D.; Lohr,   Luanne; Krissoff,   Barry.
This compilation of papers for principal papers session PP-03 at the AAEA 1998 Annual Meeting assesses the current status of the organic agriculture industry in the United States.  Paper topics address production, market and certification issues faced by the industry, research challenges and emerging conditions shaping domestic and international markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; Industry structure; International trade; Certification; Organic agriculture; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16704

The Canadian Wheat Board: Government Guarantees and Hidden Subsidies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodloe,   Carol.
The operations of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), a state trading enterprise, have generated controversy over the years, partly because of an alleged lack of transparency in its operations. This study examines one aspect of operations that is not well understood - the government guarantee of CWB borrowings and export credit sales. This special privilege allows the CWB to generate a "financial cushion", or non-market based revenue, that it can use to enhance returns to producers, discount export prices, or pay administrative expenses. Although recent WTO dispute settlement decisions concluded the CWB does not act inconsistently with some WTO rules, the July 31, 2004 WTO Doha Round framework agreement addresses these potential trade-distorting practices of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canadian Wheat Board; Financial cushion; State trading enterprise; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23899

Dynamic Estimation of U.S. Demand for Fresh Vegetable Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzaku,   Kilungu; Houston,   Jack E.
This paper analyses U.S. demand for fresh vegetable imports using a dynamic AIDS model. The commodities selected for the study include tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and asparagus. The results shows that the demand for fresh vegetable imports is more elastic compared to the demand for domestic fresh vegetables. Also demand for all the fresh vegetables is significantly responsive to changes in own-price and expenditure. Fresh tomatoes, peppers, and cucumber imports do not complement domestic supply as is often believed but are significant substitutes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52209

Exchange and Interest Rates prior to EMU: The Case of Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antzoulatos,   Angelos A.; Wilfling,   Bernd.
Recently a variety of exchange and interest rate models capturing the dynamics during the transition from an exchange rate arrangement of floating rates into a currency union have been derived. While these stochastic equilibrium models in continuous time are theoretically rigorous, a systematic and extensive empirical validation is still lacking. Using exchange and interest rate data collected prior to the Greek EMU-entrance on 1 January 2001 this paper tries to fill the gap between theory and real-world data. The analysis reveals that the formal models can explain many features of the Greek exchange and interest rate dynamics on the road to EMU.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EMU; Exchange and interest rate models; Policy shifts; Economic regime switching models; International Relations/Trade; E43; F31; F33; C51; C52.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26325

Transition to a New World Economic Order Part I: The Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calkins,   Peter H.
The idea of a new world order suggests political and economic changes that would improve the lot of all the people in the world. Such a new world order would address all causes of poverty and inequality both within nations and between nations. Desirable changes would modify present competitive patterns of organisation and substitute more cooperative systems and processes. Writers in this area focus particularly on how to change the current state of the world in order to achieve a transition to a more desirable new world order. From an economic point of view, this transition could be interpreted as an attempt to frame new political, economic and social institutions and rules of conduct that would enable the equity goals of the proposers to be achieved.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12336

CANADA-U.S. BILATERAL DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE: FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vaughan,   Odette.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26560

DISCUSSION OF LIBERALIZED AGRICULTURAL TRADE--AT THE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, BILATERALLY OR NOT AT ALL!
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hillman,   Jimmye S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32181

What is the Difference in Profit per Acre between Organic and Conventional Coffee?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Jennifer; Dicks,   Michael R.
The research addresses the economic problem of deforestation.  A contributing factor to deforestation is coffee production. Coffee is an indigenous plant that is naturally occurring in the native tropical forests. However, conventional coffee is grown on cleared forest soil. In the native forest there is the potential for additional fruits (bananas, mangoes, avocados) and wood products while in the conventional coffee production system the only product is coffee.  Conventional coffee production often causes deforestation and soil erosion while the organic coffee production system does not. In addition, the price risk associated with the coffee monoculture is high and has proven disastrous to the sustainability of coffee production in past years. Thus,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Inputs; Outputs; Species variation; Costa Rica; Organic; Conventional; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119864

AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE NEED FOR AN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING PROFILE DATABASE: THE CASE OF EXPORTED U.S. APPLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthews,   James R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27189

U.S. PERSPECTIVES ON THE CANADIAN GRAIN PROBLEM; A CRITICAL APPRAISAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey.
The United States has imported large amounts of wheat and barley from Canada in recent years.  Producers in northern-tier states and their political representatives have been strenuously objected, citing market disruption and unfair trading practices by the Canadian Wheat Board.  This paper provides a summary and critique of U.S. perspectives on `the Canadian grain problem.'
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain trade; Wheat; Barley; Canadian Wheat Board; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23110

The Recent International and Regulatory Decisions about Geographical Indications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marette,   Stephan; Clemens,   Roxanne; Babcock,   Bruce A.
As worldwide consumer demand for high-quality products and for information about these products increases, labels and geographical indications (GIs) can serve to signal quality traits to consumers. However, GI systems among countries are not homogeneous and can be used as trade barriers against competition. Philosophical differences between the European Union and the United States about how GIs should be registered and protected led to the formation of a WTO dispute settlement panel. In this paper we discuss the issues behind the dispute, the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision, and the EU response to the panel decision leading to the new Regulation 510/2006. Given the potential for GI labels to supply consumer information, context is provided...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Geographical indications; Product labels; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18697

Two-Stage Agricultural Import Demand Models Theory and Applications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Green,   Richard D.; Pick,   Daniel H.
The Armington trade model distinguishes commodities by country of origin and import demand is determined in a separable two-step procedure. The Armington framework has been applied to numerous international agricultural markets with the objective of modelling import demand. The purpose of this paper is to test the Armington assumptions of homotheticity and separability with data from the international wheat market. The empirical results overwhelmingly reject these assumptions. This has important implications for international trade modelling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51246

Agricultural Biotechnology and the FTAA: Issues and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
This article examines trade and intellectual property rights questions associated with agricultural biotechnology in the Western Hemisphere and goes on to chart a potential course through which they could be addressed by an agreement on a Free Trade Area of the Americas. Issues pertaining to import approvals, labelling, exports to sensitive markets, intellectual property piracy and regulatory cooperation are considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; BioSafety Protocol; Free Trade Area of the Americas; FTAA; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23926

Quality in Relation to the Marketing of Primary Products at Home and Abroad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strong,   T.H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1957
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8907

Joining an Existing Regional Trade Agreement: Issues and Policies from the Perspective of a Small Open Economy in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Alberto.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50807

NAFTA'S IMPACT ON THE NORTH AMERICAN AGRICULTURE -- A LOGISTICIAN'S PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Richard R.
NAFTA is improving the field of agriculture in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.  It is not doing so by enacting measures intended to improve the agricultural sector directly.  Rather, the improvement is the indirect result of agriculture’s dependence on transportation, telecommunications, intellectual property rights, and investment capital – all of which have been substantially improved by NAFTA.  Improvement of these four areas has improved agriculture and will continue to improve it in the future.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34314

Nonconvexity, efficiency and equilibrium in exhaustible resource depletion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Anthony C.; Karp,   Larry S.
We reconsider the problem of inefficiency and nonexistence of a competitive equilibrium in exhaustible resource markets where extraction costs are nonconvex. The existence of a backstop technology (which induces a flat portion of the industry demand curve) restores both existence and efficiency, provided that the backstop price is sufficiently low. If firms face even a small amount of uncertainty regarding their rivals' stocks, a backstop technology is sufficient to restore existence of competitive equilibrium, even if the backstop price is very high. In this case, however, the competitive equilibrium is not efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exhaustible resource; Nonconvex costs; Existence of competitive equilibrium; International Relations/Trade; 721.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6118

Implications of Domestic Policy Reform and Trade Liberalization for Agricultural Sector: Estonian Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oopkaup,   Andres.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15737

POLICY OPTIONS FOR OPEN BORDERS IN RELATION TO ANIMAL AND PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henson,   Spencer J.; Bredahl,   Maury E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16924

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Growth and Unemployment in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayinde,   Opeyemi Eyitayo; Ayinde,   Kayode; Memudu,   I. J. B.; Ojehomon,   V.I.
Unemployment which has been identified as the major cause of poverty is a worldwide economic problem. Poverty alleviation has been a great concern to developing countries. The economic burden of unemployment on a society necessitates this study. Consequently, this study analyses the Nigerian agricultural growth rate, its contributions, and examines the linkage and dimension of agricultural growth and unemployment rates. Collected time series data were analyzed with the aid of t – test, Duncan Multiple Range test, Granger Causality test and regression analysis.   Results showed that Nigerian agricultural growth rate has an inverse relationship with unemployment and re – establish the Cobweb supply theory. In addition, increase in agricultural growth...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cobweb supply theory; Granger Causality test; Nigeria; Unemployment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52147

European Trade Integration in the Baltic Sea Region - A Gravity Model Based Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paas,   Tiiu; Tafenau,   Egle.
The paper explores regional trade integration of the countries involved in the EU eastward enlargement (EU-25) processes distinguishing the possible regional trade clusters within EU-25 that may support integration of the EU-15 and the new member states. We examine whether the gravity equation based on the new trade theory describes trade integration of the EU-25 countries, and whether the results of a gravity model based analysis may be different in the case of the Baltic Sea region (BSR). The gravity models are estimated based on panel data for the years 1993 to 2002. The results of our analysis indicate that the BSR is forming an exception within EU-25. The BSR trade cannot be explained as much with New Trade Theories as in the case of the whole EU. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gravity models; International trade; Regional integration; Baltic Sea region; International Relations/Trade; F15; R1; C5.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26263

BILATERAL TRADING AND THE CURSE OF KNOWLEDGE: AN EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menkhaus,   Dale J.; Yakunina,   Alla V.; Phillips,   Owen R.
This research investigates the impact of reporting different kinds of trade information to buyers and sellers in laboratory markets, for which exchange is made through bilateral bargaining.  Results suggest that public information may improve the bargaining position of buyers relative to sellers when there is spot delivery.  In some cases sellers earn less than in a no information baseline.  There is evidence of a curse of knowledge for sellers in our information experiments when quantity traded for the entire market is known.  The mandatory price reporting of all trades does not improve the income of sellers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36127

LOCATION OF VERTICALLY LINKED INDUSTRIES UNDER FREE TRADE: CASE STUDIES OF ORANGE JUICE AND TOMATO PASTE IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartman,   Darcy A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Tweeten,   Luther G.
The objective of this study was to determine the economic impact on the United States of removing tariff barriers on imports of concentrated orange juice and tomato paste from South America.  The study highlighted an agglomeration model of industry location recognizing imperfect competition and increasing returns.  The results were contrasted with those from a competitive model with conventional estimates of supply and demand elasticities.  Because the assumptions of the models differed, the results also differed.  The agglomeration model indicated that the United States would gain market share of production and processing with the removal of tariffs.  In contrast, the competitive model indicated that the United States would lose market share in production...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oranges; Tomatoes; Juice; Paste; Model; Agglomeration; Competitive; Comparative advantage.; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14580

Rising World Food Productivity Implications for U.S. Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avery,   Dennis T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59820

Food Safety Incidents, Collateral Damage and Trade Policy Responses: China-Canada Agri-Food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Huanan; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.
As markets become globalized, food safety policy and international trade policy are increasingly intertwined. Globalization also means that food safety incidents are widely reported internationally. One result is that food safety incidents can negatively impact products where no food safety issue exists as consumers lose trust in both foreign and domestic food safety institutions. While the policy framework for dealing with directly effected imported foods is well understood, how to deal with the market failure associated with indirectly affected products within the existing trade policy rules has not been explored. Using the example of China’s 2007 problems with a spate of products safety incidents, a theoretical framework is developed and the response of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; China; Cooperation; Food safety; Market failure; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43463

AN OVERVIEW OF NORTH/SOUTH TRADE IN FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyatt,   John T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26589

The Environmental Consequences of Globalization: A Country-Specific Time-Series Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baek,   Jungho; Cho,   Yongsung; Koo,   Won W.
The dynamic relationships among trade, income and the environment for developed and developing countries are examined using a cointegration analysis. Results suggest that trade and income growth tend to increase environmental quality in developed countries, whereas they have detrimental effects on environmental quality in most developing countries. It is also found that for developed countries the causal relationship appears to run from trade and income to the environment - a change in trade and income growth causes a consequent change in environmental quality, and the opposite relationship holds for developing countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Developed countries; Developing countries; Environmental quality; Globalization; Time-series analysis; Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6510

The Winnipeg Principles, WTO and Sustainable Development; Proposed Principles for Reconciling Trade and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
There is a widespread belief that the WTO has made virtually no concessions to environmentalists about their concerns arising from free trade and the process of globalisation. There are concerns that these processes may undermine prospects for sustainable development. Following the United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Institute for Sustainable Development was established to advocate policies to support sustainable development within Canada and globally. In 1994, it proposed the Winnipeg Principles as a means for reconciling international trade and development so as to achieve sustainable development. These seven principles are outlined in this article and assessed. Although the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Winnipeg Principles; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48012

Modelling the effects of climate change policy on the NZ livestock sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
The link between trade and the environment has aroused considerable interest both in terms of the impact of trade liberalisation on the environment, and also the impact of environmental policy on production and trade. Of key environmental concern at present is global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Global attempts to limit GHG emissions will also impact on agricultural trade and producer returns, particularly in countries such as NZ, where relatively large proportions of GHG emissions originate from the agricultural sector. This study uses a partial equilibrium agricultural trade model, extended to include production systems and GHG emissions, to analyse the effects of GHG mitigation policies on agricultural production and trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97785

EXTENT AND IMPACT OF FOOD IMPORT SURGES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF POULTRY MEAT IN CAMEROON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingpoh,   David Puewoh; Senahoun,   Jean.
The trade liberalization has resulted in massive food imports into Cameroon and this is affecting the livelihoods of the farmers, industries, traders, and service providers of the imported foods. Cameroon was selected by FAO as one of the 12 country case studies on the impact of food import surges in developing countries with the overall objective of studying and analyzing the impact of the most prevalent and frequent surge commodities (poultry meat, rice, and vegetable oils) on stakeholders. The methods and analytical approach used for this study are those for WTO Safeguards investigation as outlined in the FAO working document, "Extent and impact of food import surges in developing countries: An analytical approach and research methodology for country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7931

The Consequences of a Strong Depreciation of the U.S. Dollar on Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charlebois,   Pierre; Hamann,   Nathalie.
World prices for basic food commodities increased significantly in 2007-2008, triggering a worldwide food crisis. Among all the factors that contributed to the rise in agricultural prices in 2008, the depreciation of the U.S. dollar relative to other major currencies cannot be overlooked. The currencies of the major players in agricultural markets have shown strong appreciation from 2002 to 2008. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a strong depreciation of the U.S. dollar on the world prices of food commodities. Given the current U.S. budget situation, future depreciation is possible. This would again have consequences on world commodity prices and on the competitiveness of different countries. Thus, the final section assesses what...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Depreciation; Exchange rate; U.S. dollar; Currencies; AGLINK; World prices; Competitiveness; Agricultural markets; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94750

Negotiating the Future of CARICOM's Sugar Industry: The Implications of WTO-Type Commitments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Clive Y.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO; Caricom Sugar Industry; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45786

The PROVIDE Project Standard Computable General Equilibrium Model: Version 2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott.
The paper describes the Standard Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model developed for the PROVIDE Project. The model allows for a generalised treatment of trade relationships by incorporating provisions for non-traded exports and imports, and competitive and noncompetitive imports, and allows the relaxation of the small country assumption for exported commodities. The model encompasses multiple product activities by differentiating between commodities by the activities that produce them, using a range of production technologies that can be selected by the user. The model is designed for calibration using data compiled as a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The model is designed so that it can be readily adapted by the user to incorporate different and/or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15625

Foreign Direct Investment and Education Investment in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iwai,   Nobuyuki; Thompson,   Stanley R.; Banerjee,   Priyodorshi.
We introduce a model to explain the economic rationale for the observed policy combination of a developing country (hosting foreign direct investment (FDI) through education investment (EDI)) and the interest of a multinational corporation (MNC) in the local labor quality when it contemplates FDI. Information on local labor is the source of a more efficient contract for the MNC with local labor, and the local government can benefit both agents through EDI, FDI, and information sharing. This strategy set is likely to be used by a country in the early stage of economic development. The education level chosen by the local government, however, will be higher than that which maximizes the welfare of local labor. In that sense, the government has the incentive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15643

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA VIABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE MAMÃO NOS SISTEMAS TRADICIONAL E DE PRODUÇÃO INTEGRADA (PI)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendonca,   Talles Girardi de; Lirio,   Viviani Silva; Moura,   Altair Dias de; Silveira,   Suely de Fatima Ramos; Reis,   Bricio dos Santos.
As exigências do mercado internacional de frutas têm colocado aos produtores que desejem acessá-lo a necessidade de adoção do protocolos de Boas Práticas Agrícolas (BPA), cujo objetivo principal é a geração de produtos de qualidade e livres de resíduos químicos. A Produção Integrada de Frutas (PIF) constitui-se em um desses protocolos e sua adoção tem sido incentivada pelo Ministério da Agricultura como forma de elevar os padrões de qualidade do produto nacional, contribuindo para o acesso dos produtores ao mercado externo. Entretanto, a adoção da PIF, além das oportunidades de acesso ao mercado externo e redução de custos com agroquímicos, impõe aos produtores custos adicionais com investimentos em instalações e com processos de certificação. Neste...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produção Integrada; Boas Práticas Agrícolas e exportações; Integrated production; Good Agricultural Practices and exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109195

ALIANÇAS ESTRATÉGICAS E VISÃO BASEADA EM RECURSOS: UM ENFOQUE SISTÊMICO DO PROCESSO DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutra,   Alberto Silva; Machado,   Joao Armando Dessimon; Rathmann,   Regis.
O processo de globalização e a abertura comercial brasileira são fenômenos que contribuem para explicar a maior complexidade característica ao ambiente no qual o produtor rural está inserido, exigindo deste agente maior dinamismo e capacidade adaptativa no que tange à estruturação de suas estratégias e ao seu processo de tomada de decisão. Fica evidenciada, neste contexto, a necessidade de uma visão sistêmica na gestão dos recursos e potencialidades da propriedade rural, a fim de atingir os objetivos propostos. Sendo assim, buscou-se neste artigo resgatar aspectos teóricos que contribuam para o entendimento do processo de tomada de decisão do produtor rural em um enfoque sistêmico, salientando a necessidade de desenvolvimento de capacidades e aprendizagem...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomada de decisão; Visão sistêmica; Alianças estratégicas; Decision taking; Sistemic view; Strategic alliances; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109727

An Empirical Assessment of Agricultural Trade Policies in the Mediterranean Basin - Regional Effects on the EU Member States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kavallari,   Aikaterini; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
The objective of this paper is to provide deeper insights on the impacts of agricultural policy reforms in the Mediterranean basin focusing on regional effects in the EU. The empirical analysis has been undertaken using the partial equilibrium multi commodity, multi region world trade model AGRISIM. The simulation results indicated that the CAP Reform for the Mediterranean commodities seems to affect only the EU Mediterranean Member states and the enlargement with Bulgaria and Romania only this two countries. Moreover the impacts on the markets of typical Mediterranean commodities included in the modelling exercise are limited. The supply in the EU changes mainly for those commodities that are of high protection as beef, whereas the demand increases being...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9395

US/China Grain Trade: Trends and Challenges (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bratter,   Rebecca.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106141

A MINŐSÉG A MAGYAR HÚSIPAR VERSENYKÉPESSÉGÉBEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagy-Percsi,   Kinga.
A tanulmány elkészítésének alapját az engedélyezett, illetve a jóváhagyott és derogációs húsüzemek körében 2005. év végén és 2006. év elején elkészített kér-dőíves felmérés adta. A márkázott húsprogramok fő problémáját leginkább a márkázott termékek iránti hazai fizetőképes kereslet hiányában látják. Ettől kis mértékben marad el a programokhoz kapcsolódó elégtelen promóció, ami kiemeli az összefogás, a közösen végzett promóció szükségességét a versenyképesség növelése érdekében. A multinacionális láncok árleszorító törekvései és a növekvő költségek hatá-sára kialakult kisebb jövedelemtermelő képességet a húsipari cégek részben a beruházások visszafogásával ellensúlyozzák, mégpedig azokon a területeken, me-lyek nem kifejezetten az előírásoknak...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Versenyképesség; Specializáció; Promóció; Beruházás; Vágósertés minősítés; Competitiveness; Specialisation; Promotion; Investment; S/EUROP classification; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57649

China’s Regional Disparities: Experience and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Kanbur,   Ravi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57041

COMPETITIVENESS OF WINE EXPORT FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vlahovic,   Branislav; Puskaric,   Anton; Maksimovic,   Branka.
The authors of this paper analyze export and competitiveness of wine export from the Republic of Serbia. Main goal of the research reflects in perceiving basic features of export and competitiveness of wine export from the Republic of Serbia on international market. The analysis encloses time period 2004-2007. The amount of wine export is very modest and, in observed period, was realized average export of 8,6 million litres, which value amounts 9,6 million USD. Only 5% of total domestic production is exported. In export structure dominate CEFTA agreement signatory countries. Export price of wine from Serbia is doubly less in regard to average world price, and thrice in regard to the biggest world exporter – Italy. Average export price of wine produced in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wine; Export; Competitiveness; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57495

Measuring the impacts of distortions in the European Union cotton sector: a partial equilibrium analysis using the ATPSM model framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gadanakis,   Yiorgos; Baourakis,   George; Clapan,   Carmen.
The “cotton issue” has been a topic of several academic discussions for trade policy analysts. However the design of trade and agricultural policy in the EU and the USA has become a politically sensitive matter throughout the last five years. This study utilizing the Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM) aims to gain insights into the global cotton market, to explain why domestic support for cotton has become an issue, to quantify the impact of the new EU agricultural policy on the cotton sector, and to measure the effect of eliminating support policies on production and trade. Results indicate that full trade liberalization would lead the four West African countries to better terms of trade with the EU. If tariff reduction follows the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton; European Union; West African Countries; Partial Equilibrium; Trade Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7285

Beef import market shares in Taiwan: implications for Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie); Hsia,   Chung-Jen.
Market shares of major beef suppliers to Taiwan, including Australia, the United States and New Zealand, were estimated econometrically to determine their relative competitiveness. The analysis, based on monthly data from June 1990 to August 1997, showed that relative prices and consumer incomes were important factors influencing suppliers’ market shares. Specifically, the demand for Australian beef responded little to an increase in price and negatively to an increase in consumer income. Furthermore, the growth in Taiwan beef consumption has slowed down and Australian beef suppliers need to re‐assess the market potential and develop appropriate marketing strategies to maintain competitiveness.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117835

EMERGING ISSUES/ GLOBAL MARKETS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Todd,   Ewen C.D.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33153

THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON THE CANADIAN CHICKEN MARKET: TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF CHICKEN AND STOCHASTIC WORLD PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rafajlovic,   Juanita; Cardwell,   Ryan T.
Current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) World Trade Organisation negotiations include proposals that would affect the trade barriers that protect Canada’s chicken producers from foreign competition. This research analyses the effects of the most recent proposals to emerge from the DDA negotiation on Canada’s chicken industry. We develop a partial-equilibrium model that generates welfare effects for the Canadian chicken industry supply chain. We also introduce stochastic prices to evaluate the effects of world price instability on the Canadian chicken industry. The model is also adapted to represent chicken as two distinct products; white meat and dark meat. Simulation results suggest that the welfare effects of the DDA proposals on the Canadian chicken...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; Chicken; Canada; Model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95814

The Big Players of the Former Soviet Union and World Agriculture: Issues and Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Serova,   Eugenia; Liefert,   Olga.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53209

Free Trade, Pesticide Regulation and NAFTA Harmonization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David.
Pesticides are an important farm input both in terms of cost and in terms of their impact on crop yields and quality. With freer trade in agricultural output, differences in cost of production, yield and quality can have a large effect on competitiveness. Thus there is an increased demand by farmers in Canada and the United States for harmonization of pesticide regulations, and in particular for the option to import registered pesticides for their own use. Under NAFTA the three national governments are moving to make pesticide regulation more uniform, but there are still significant differences in regulatory structure and these effectively preclude direct imports by farmers at this time. Moreover, while farmers believe they would as a group benefit from a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Pesticides; Price discrimination; Regulation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23817

The Challenge of Increasing Trade: How to Address Linkages and Barriers (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David; Peterson,   Everett B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37437

ESTABLISHING DOMESTIC SUPPORT COMMITMENTS THROUGH A HARMONIZATION FORMULA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14613

The agricultural and food trade in the first globalisation: Spanish table wine exports 1871 to 1935 – a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinilla,   Vicente; Serranoz,   Raul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine trade; Economic history; Spain; Wine; Globalization; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; N53; N54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42657

The Changing Pattern of China's Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Kevin Z.
Economic reforms and rapid economic growth in the past twenty years have encouraged increased imports of foreign agricultural products into China. While becoming a potential market for agri-food exporters, China has also grown into a major competitor in international agri-food markets, particularly in Asia. As China is likely to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the foreseeable future, an accurate account of China’s agricultural trade pattern is particularly relevant and timely. The issue of whether or not China’s agricultural trade in the reform era has increasingly reflected its resource endowments is investigated in this paper using Statistics Canada trade data. The advantage of using Statistics Canada trade data is that Hong Kong export...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45634

A Selective Review of Developments in International Trade Theory: Commercial Policy and Free Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sgro,   Pasquale M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12531

SIMULAÇÃO DO REFLORESTAMENTO CILIAR DO RIO MUNDAÚ-AL COM BENEFÍCIO GERADO PELA VENDA DE CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO: UMA ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE ATRAVÉS DE MODELO INTERATIVO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tenorio Junior,   Alcides Jeronimo De Almeida; Costa,   Ecio de Farias.
O protocolo de Quioto surgiu em uma tomada de decisão multilateral, e foi ratificado com o intuito de promover e regular ações de mitigação de emissão ou de absorção de gases que provocam o efeito estufa, que são possíveis em países em desenvolvimento, graças ao Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL). Porém, projetos na área florestal são raríssimos e possuem como único grande comprador de seus créditos gerados o Banco Mundial. É diante deste contexto desafiador, e fundamentado na grande importância ambiental local destas atividades, que este trabalho utiliza o Modelo Interativo de Viabilidade Econômica de Reflorestamento Ciliar que considera os benefícios financeiros provenientes da venda de créditos de carbono, para simular atividades em um rio federal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL); Reflorestamento de Matas Ciliares; Modelo para Simulação de Viabilidade Econômica; Reduções Certificadas de Emissão (RCE’s); Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Ciliar Forestry Reforestation; Simulation Model for Economic Feasibility; Certificated Emission Reductions (CER’s); International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109649

Coping with the Fallout for Preference-receiving Countries from EU Sugar Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaplin,   Hannah; Matthews,   Alan.
Developing countries can produce sugar at much lower cost than it can be produced in the EU, yet reform of the EU sugar policy will result in both winners and losers among them. Reform will benefit competitive sugar exporters currently excluded from the EU market. It will adversely affect those developing countries that currently benefit from preferential import access to the EU's high-priced sugar market, while diminishing the benefits received by those least-developed countries to which duty-free and quota-free access has been promised after July 2009. This article identifies the countries likely to lose and the extent of their potential losses. It examines alternative proposals that have been put forward to assist these countries to adjust to the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ACP countries; Development; EBA initiative; EU sugar reform; Trade preferences; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23828

INTERNATIONAL MARKETS AND TRADE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renshaw,   Derwent.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17668

A FAIR PATH TO FREE TRADE: THE WTO AGRICULTURE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hegwood,   David.
Speech and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33202

Extent and Impact of Vegetable Oils Import Surges in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingpoh,   David Puewoh; Senahoun,   Jean.
The trade liberalization has resulted in massive food imports into Cameroon and this is affecting the livelihoods of the farmers, industries, traders, and service providers of the imported foods. Cameroon was selected by FAO as one of the 12 country case studies on the impact of food import surges in developing countries with the overall objective of studying and analyzing the impact of the most prevalent and frequent surge commodities (poultry meat, rice, and vegetable oils) on stakeholders. The methods and analytical approach used for this study are those for WTO Safeguards investigation as outlined in the FAO working document, “Extent and impact of food import surges in developing countries: An analytical approach and research methodology for country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impact; Vegetable oils; Import surge; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44369

HAS AGOA INCREASED AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA TO THE UNITED STATES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.
The African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) provides preferential access to Africa's products in US markets. While proponents expect that AGOA will expand Africa's exports to the US, opponents argue that such increases are unlikely, particularly regarding agricultural exports. This paper offers new empirical evidence that is inconclusive regarding the impact of AGOA on African exports to the US.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11573

Methodological Problems of FDI Statistics in Accession Countries and EU Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borrmann,   Christine.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a crucial indicator for a country's integration into the global division of labour and its general level of development. Empirical analyses of integration processes however require an extensively harmonized procedure to compile and disseminate FDI data. This paper focuses on the question whether and to what extent a comparability of FDI data can be taken for granted. In the recent past, comparability of FDI data has improved a lot: According to IMF surveys in 2001 and 1997, the Applicant Countries (ACs) in particular were rather successful in complying with the international standards. However, a lot of problems remain, especially concerning the inclusion of indirectly owned direct investment enterprises, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26103

Spatial Price Analysis Incorporating Rate of Trade: Methods and Application to United States–China Soybean Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Han,   Shengfei; Durham,   Catherine A.
A regime-switching model for analysis of market integration has been developed that incorporates rate of trade information. An application of the methods to United States–China soybean trade demonstrates that the extended trade information allows better interpretation of market conditions. While the empirical results show that China’s reform efforts since mid 1990s toward an open market have greatly improved United States–China soybean markets integration, about 40% of nontransitional disequilibrium occurrences likely indicate infrastructural limits such as the lack of information availability and limited competition. The United States–China price linkage is observed to be closer after China’s World Trade Organization membership. The link has also been...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: China; Futures markets; Market integration; Regime switching; Soybeans; World Trade Organization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; F15; G13; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90667

The 2006 Reform of the EU Domestic Policy Regime for Bananas. An Assessment of its Impact on Trade.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The paper provides a quantitative assessment of the possible market implications of the December 2006 reform of the EU domestic policy regime for bananas. It is shown that, depending on implementation choices to be made at the member country level, the impact of the domestic policy reform on trade can be of a larger order of magnitude than that of the controversial “tariff-only” regime the EU introduced earlier in the same year. The simulations presented in this paper show that, ceteris paribus, if France, Portugal and Spain decide to decouple payments to their banana producers EU imports will increase by 13% and MFN exports to the EU by 16%; if they decide for a 2005 Memorandum-like option, EU imports still increase by 9% and MFN exports to the EU by 11%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9880

ANÁLISE DO COMÉRCIO DE PESCADO ENTRE BRASIL E OS ESTADOS UNIDOS.NÁLISE DO COMÉRCIO DE PESCADO ENTRE BRASIL E OS ESTADOS UNIDOS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Rosemeiry Melo; Kolb,   Pedro Carneiro.
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estimar as equações de oferta e demanda de pescado comercializado entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos no período entre 1996 e 2006.  As variáveis incluídas no modelo foram: quantidade comercializada, preço, renda per capita do americano e a taxa de câmbio do período. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a demanda e a oferta de pescado são elásticas, de modo que um aumento no preço do produto provoca variações mais que proporcionais na quantidade comercializada. Em relação à renda, verifica-se que, no mercado norte-americano, o pescado brasileiro é considerado um bem inferior. Desde o ano de 2003 o valor das exportações brasileiras de pescado para os Estados Unidos tem diminuído, podendo ser atribuído, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pescado; Comércio internacional; Brasil; Estados Unidos; Fish; International trade; Brazil; United States; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108156

COMPETITIVE FORCES IN THE JAPANESE BEEF MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reed,   Michael R.; Iswariyadi,   A.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14569

The Impacts of MERCOSUR on Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandão,   Antônio Salazar P.; Lopes,   Mauro de Rezende; Pereira,   Lia Valls.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50816

Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Agricultural Incentives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Martin,   William J.; Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48326

China's Economic Growth, Changing Comparative Advantages and Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
The rapid growth of the Chinese economy during the 1980s was accompanied by an equally rapid shift in China's comparative advantage towards light manufactures, such as textiles and clothing, at the expense of agriculture. If that economy were to resume the economic reform process that was stalled in 1988-89, its comparative advantages would move even further in that direction, following the pattern of its more industrialised neighbours. Dependence on agricultural imports - particularly feed grains, cotton and wool would rise unless domestic prices for farm products are increased substantially. Model simulation results are presented to support this conclusion (which is based on theory and historical experience) and to indicate the orders of magnitude that...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12289

CHINA'S ACCESSION TO WTO AND SHIFTS IN THE AGRICULTURE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
The overall goal of our paper is to explore this question of how China’'s policy will likely respond as the nation enters the WTO.  Specifically, we will have three objectives.  First, we briefly review China'’s existing agriculture policy and past performance of China’'s agriculture and how it has changed during the past 20 years of reform.  Next, we examine the main features of the agreement that China must adhere to as they enter WTO.  Finally, we consider a number of possible ways that policy makers may respond, primarily focusing on the national government's viewpoint.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11972

How Mexico's Dairy Industry Has Evolved Under the NAFTA - Implications for U.S. Dairy Exporters and U.S. Investors in Mexico's Dairy-Food Businesses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.; Proctor,   Richard.
This Discussion Paper shows that the demand for imported dairy products will continue to be strong in Mexico, especially after the 2001-2002 recession ends. However, Mexico's dairy markets have matured under the NAFTA. As part of the maturity, a larger number of strong domestic firms have emerged and powerful European multi-nationals have increased dairy product sales in Mexico. In addition, the expansion of U.S. exports of fluid milk, yogurt, dried whey, and lactose to Mexico will be slow in near future because U.S. market shares of imports of these products are already large. Thus, Mexico's dairy markets no longer represent "low hanging fruit" (if they ever did) for U.S. dairy exporters and direct investors
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Maturing Mexican Dairy Markets; U.S. Dairy Exports to Mexico; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37628

Production, Consumption and Welfare Implications of Trade Liberalisation: The Case of Greek Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stoforos,   Chrysostomos E.
The main facts lying behind this paper are related to the current issues regarding EU policies; such as the accession of a number of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) in the EU and the Doha round of the World Trade Organisation. The adopted quantitative methodology aims to estimate the expected trends in Greek agriculture following a substantial reduction in the level of protection over the 1999-2008 period. Two scenarios are examined: a baseline that simulates continuation of present agricultural policies, and one that assumes trade liberalisation.  Trade liberalization has as an immediate negative effect on production, while a positive effect is true for demand. Welfare analysis results suggest a significant negative effect in producer...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26416

BRAZIL: COMPETITION IN GLOBAL MARKET, A PRIVATE SECTOR VIEW ON BRAZIL'S COMPETITIVE POSITION (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sartori,   Antonio.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33156

Trade Effects of the East African Community: The Model of Verdoorn: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Shams,   Rasul.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Trade Effects of the East African Community" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23866

Trade Policy Implications of Carbon Labels on Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baddeley,   Shane; Cheng,   Peter; Wolfe,   Robert.
Carbon labels providing information about the carbon footprints associated with food products might influence consumer purchases, which would have a differential effect on producers throughout global food chains. We first discuss why any labels work and then describe the mechanics of carbon labels. The novelty of the paper is an examination of the issues members of the WTO have raised about all types of labels since 1995. Although carbon labels are voluntary standards for now, their increasing use could become effectively mandatory. Difficulties for exporters will include the lack of an international standard and the challenge, especially for developing country exporters, of dealing with complex carbon footprint procedures.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon footprint; Labels; Life cycle analysis; Technical Barriers to Trade; Voluntary standards; World Trade Organization; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121942

A STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF TARIFF REDUCTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, AND FISHERY SECTORS IN TAIWAN - AN APPLICATION OF SINGLE-COUNTRY MULTIPLE-SECTOR CGE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Chin-Hwa; Chiang,   Fu-Sung; Lin,   Cheng-Hong; Lin,   Kuo-Jung.
This study used a single-country 50-sector CGE model to evaluate the impacts of 24.03%, 23.72%, and 33.11%, tariff reductions on agriculture, livestock, and fishery, respectively, after Taiwan's accession to the WTO.  Results show that imports of agriculture, livestock, and fishery would increase by 52.98%, 86.48%, and 216.57%, respectively, and the domestic production of agriculture would experience the biggest reduction of 16.2%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20604

TRADE IN THE MARKET OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS AND THE THEORY OF THE INTERMEDIARY FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haghiri,   Morteza; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14542

European System Related to Good Agricultural Practice (EUREPGAP)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baghasa,   Hajar.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: اليوروكاب، المعايير; EUREPGAP; Standards; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48803

Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: The Case of African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeboah,   Osei-Agyeman; Naanwaab,   Cephas B.; Saleem,   Shaik; Akuffo,   Akua S.
The relationship between trade and productivity has not been established theoretically.  Some researchers have indeed found some, if not complete, support for the view that increasing openness has a positive impact on productivity.  This study used a Cobb-Douglas production function as in Miller and Upadhyay (2000) to estimate the impact of FDI, exchange rate, capital-labor ratio and trade openness on GDP for 38 African countries from 1980 to 2008.  Data were transformed to natural logs and estimated   using alternative panel models; which included one- or-two-way fixed or random effects models.  The results found trade openness having a positive relationship with GDP; which is comparable to findings of Ahmed et al.; (2008).
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Openness; Productivity; Africa; Cobb Douglas Production Function.; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119795

Principles of Australian Quarantine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanner,   Carolyn.
This article provides an overview of the report on Australia’s quarantine policies and procedures, Australian Quarantine. The Report proposes fundamental changes to Australia’s approach to quarantine and recommends: the development of a partnership between industry, governments and the general public; the establishment of a statutory authority to develop Australia’s quarantine policy and to ensure national delivery of quarantine services; acknowledgment of the importance of maintaining Australia’s unique natural environment; the need to redress the imbalance between the plant and animal sectors; development of a more formally structured process for conducting risk analyses; and expanding the scope of quarantine beyond the ‘barrier’ to cover pre‐border,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118060

Re-examining the economic options for import risk assessments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamson,   David; Cook,   David C.
The economic impacts of altering quarantine policies are divided into two main areas: trade evaluations, utilising a partial equilibrium approach to determine the benefits of market liberalisation; or pest management economics, used to determine the on-ground impacts of introduced species. This paper rationalises why these approaches need to be brought together within the policy framework of import risk assessments to provide a greater understanding of the benefits and risks from market liberalisation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Pest management; Import risk analysis; Uncertainty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10365

Domestic support and the WTO negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.
In their attempt to maximise trade benefits, agricultural trade negotiators must allocate scarce resources and consider trade‐offs across issues such as liberalising foreign border measures or reducing foreign domestic subsidies. Analysis and examples support the notion that more liberalisation will be achieved in the new WTO round by emphasis on lowering border barriers and export subsidies rather than attempting to discipline domestic farm subsidies directly. Analyses of EU grain policy, Korean rice policy and US sugar policy show how reduced export subsidy or more import access have substantial trade benefits, even if farmers are compensated with payments or price supports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117847

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION DETERMINANTS OF THE SMALL AGRO-FOOD FIRMS: HYPOTHESES AND STATISTICAL TESTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayouz,   Mourad K.; Remaud,   Herve.
The purpose of this paper is to establish a link between competition perceived by the small firm manager and the decision to export.  Using a sample of 335 small agro-food firms as a basis to our study, the statistical model presented shows a negative connection between the high perceived quality competitiveness and the fact that a firm exports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34539

TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING COTTON (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33183

Are Staple Food Markets in Africa Efficient? Spatial Price Analyses and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rashid,   Shahidur; Minot,   Nicholas.
Paper to be presented at the Comesa policy seminar “Food price variability: Causes, consequences, and policy options" on 25-26 January 2010 in Maputo, Mozambique under the Comesa-MSU-IFPRI African Agricultural Markets Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sub saharan Africa; Food security; Food prices; Markets; Efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q13; Q18; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58562

Data Base on EU Preferential Trade TRADEPREF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallezot,   Jacques.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18852

U.S. Wheat Price Dynamics and the Export Enhancement Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Seung-Ryong; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121407

The Dilemma of Safer and Freer Trade: The Case of the US Nursery Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.; VanSickle,   John J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93699

Modeling Agricultural Trade Liberalization. A Review.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The paper reviews the models used in the past 10 years or so to analyze the expected effects of liberalizing agricultural trade. The main aim of the paper it to provide the reader with an overview of models which have been used to assess, first, during the Uruguay Round, the implications of alternative hypothetical trade liberalization scenarios, then, the Agreement itself, and, more recently, the implications of further steps in liberalizing agricultural markets as a result of the on going WTO negotiations. The conclusion reached is that the efforts to model agricultural trade and trade policies, taken as a whole, are not fully satisfactory. Although several models offer accurate representations of international agricultural markets and trade policies,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20758

IMPACTS OF DOHA ROUND ON THE AGRIBUSINESS OF BRAZIL, CHINA AND INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Matheus Wemerson Gomes; Teixeira,   Erly Cardoso; Razap-Skorbiansky,   Sharon.
The central themes to be addressed during the Doha Round of world trade negotiations are the reduction of the agricultural production and export subsidies, and improved market access for agricultural and non-agricultural goods. The G-20 group wields enough power to press negotiations at the Doha Round toward lower agricultural trade barriers and production and exports subsidies. The objective of this study is to determine the impacts of four possible Doha Round scenarios on the economies of Brazil, China, and India. The scenarios are examined using the Global Trade Analysis Project’s (GTAP) general equilibrium model and database. Scenarios focusing on the reduction of agricultural production and export subsidies are studied. The scenarios are then analyzed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Trade liberalization; Doha Round; G-20; GTAP; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F13; F15; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112759

Food Safety and Imports:  An Analysis of FDA Food-Related Import Refusal Reports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buzby,   Jean C.; Unnevehr,   Laurian J.; Roberts,   Donna.
This report examines U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data on refusals of food offered for importation into the United States from 1998 to 2004. Although the data do not necessarily reflect the distribution of risk in foods, the study found that import refusals highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where the FDA has focused its import alerts, examinations (e.g., sampling), and other monitoring efforts. The data show some food industries and types of violations are consistent sources of problems both over time and in comparison with previous studies of more limited data. The three food industry groups with the most violations were vegetables (20.6 percent of total violations), fishery and seafood (20.1 percent), and fruits...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Adulteration; Food imports; Food and Drug Administration (FDA); Food safety; Misbranding; Labeling; Refusal; Shipment; Violation; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58626

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content in Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from the CEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Kancs,   d'Artis; Pokrivcak,   Jan.
The present study examines factor content in the CEE transition country agricultural trade. However, deviating from the traditional approach, we do not test the HOV prediction. Instead, we examine the theoretical predictions that relate the factor content of international trade to cross-country differences in technology and endowments. Our empirical findings suggest that factor content between agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE. In order to explain the general lack of the CEE agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox, we attempt to identify the role of transaction costs and market imperfections in determining factor content in agricultural production and trade. We find that technological differences and factor endowment...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Transaction Cost; Factor Content; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44135

The Economics of Geographical Indications: GIs modeled as club assets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benavente,   Daniela.
Geographical Indications (GIs) for products (Basmati rice, Champagne sparkling wine, Antigua coffee, etc.) were regulated at the international level in 1995 (WTO TRIPS Agreement, Part II, Section 3). This paper sets a general framework of analysis for GI-labeled goods, based on the modeling of a GI as a club asset (partial excludability and no rivalry in benefits to the firms that lawfully label their products with the GI). A model of club reputation is developed which includes Shapiro (1982) and Winfree &amp; McCluskey (2005) as special cases. Reputation is assumed to be traceable through the GI label; quality is endogenously determined at the firm level, with reputation as the state variable. In contrast with previous research, it is shown that the TRIPS...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119116

Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the World Trade Organization: The Law, The Issues and The Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sawka,   Alison L.; Kerr,   William A.
Canada and Mexico are formally challenging US country of origin (COOL) legislation at the World Trade Organization. The industries most affected by COOL are beef and pork. The effect of COOL on North American cross border supply chains is outlined. The areas of international trade law upon which a challenge could be mounted are explained and the key issues that a disputes panel would have to determine indicated. The nature of the evidence that may be required to bolster Canada’s case is outlined.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Country of origin; Marks of origin; Protectionism; Technical Barriers to Trade; Supply chains; WTO; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95806

Exploring growth linkages and market opportunities for agriculture in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Diao,   Xinshen.
Considering the heterogeneity of the countries of southern Africa and the presence of South Africa and other middle-income countries in the region, southern Africa has a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and regional trade opportunities through regional dynamics and integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities for the growth of the low-income countries, using a regional general equilibrium model that captures growth linkages. We find that growth in the middle-income southern African countries, such as South Africa, benefits the region’s low-income countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional trade; General equilibrium model; Regional integration; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Grain production; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55411

Multilateral Agricultural Negotiations and Multifunctionality: Some Research Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Bris,   Katell.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25140

EMERGING FORMS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barone,   Michael J.; Decarlo,   Thomas E.
Traditional recommendations for building sustainable competitive advantages revolve around differentiating a product from the competition along attributes that are important and relevant to customers. However, strategic approaches based on such notions do not represent viable options for companies competing in commodity markets characterized by a lack of physical product differentiation. The objective of this paper is to conduct a literature review with the aim of identifying alternative approaches to creating competitive advantage that can be used even under conditions in which no differences in actual quality exist across products. This review of the literature uncovered three non-traditional strategies that provide a basis for perceptually...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural producers; Commodity markets; Competitive advantage; Marketing; Product differentiation; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18690

Competitividade da soja e a geração de divisas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Maria Auxiliadora de; Silva,   Cesar Roberto Leite da; Ghilardi,   Arthur Antonio.
The high Brazilian external dependence turns the persecution for foreign reserves a permanent concern. This paper analyzes soybean competitiveness after 1990 as it led Brazilian agricultural exports and became its main exchange value source. By using several indicators it concludes for an increasing competitiveness of the grain and decreasing for cake of soybeans since 1997. During the ninety decade there were expressive increases of crop productivity, but after that the production was due to area increases; from 1991 to 2003 doubled the share of inputs (fertilizers, corrective and pesticides) in the production cost, the expense with those imported inputs was multiplied by ten, while soybean and its derived product export value was multiplied by four; the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Agriculture; Soybean; External market; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56727

Import demand of Bananas in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Thomas L.; Chacon-Cascante,   Adriana; Crespi,   John M.
The EU banana market has been of enormous interest for researchers for a long time, especially after the import policy unification brought by the Common Market Organization for Bananas (CMOB) in 1993. Empirical evidence suggests that the CMOB and its subsequent modifications have been highly distorting. However, the quantifications made of those distortions by different authors vary a lot, not only in magnitude but also in direction. The reason is that for each evaluation, a different system of demand equations has been estimated. However, besides the different models used, there is one common denominator to all models. They do not incorporate the general restrictions (homogeneity, symmetry and adding up) necessary to make the demand estimations consistent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19157

TURISMO NO ESPACO RURAL: DEBATE E TENDENCIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendonca,   Maria Cristina Angelico de; Batalha,   Mario Otavio; Santos,   Antonio Carlos dos.
Tourism in rural space is a tourism modality which has lately been the focus of investors and students. However there has been little spread of studies focusing such modality, featuring the characteristics of the industry to which it belongs, showing up-to-date discussions and world trends. So, this study, concerned as it is with it, has gathered information on such points and shows that, world-widely, tourism in rural space is an alternative modality that arose in counter-position to mass tourism, has been seen as a solution to poorer regions and, because of this, has been the aim of many investors and students. The industry to which it belongs features characteristics like the complementarity of the segments that make it up and due to this it demands a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tourism industry; Tourism in rural space; Rural sector; Indústria do turismo; Turismo no espaço rural; Setor rural; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101920

Economics of export subsidies under costly and imperfect enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
The present paper builds on the published literature on agricultural policy analysis under costly and imperfect enforcement by introducing enforcement costs and misrepresentation into the economic analysis of export subsidies. Specifically, the present paper examines the economic causes of cheating on export subsidies and the consequences of enforcement costs and misrepresentation for the welfare effects and the transfer efficiency of this policy instrument. Policy design and implementation is modelled as a sequential game between a government that designs and enforces the policy and the recipients of the payments. Two alternative policy implementation scenarios are considered. In the first scenario, export subsidies are paid to private trading firms while...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118164

TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: REDUCING THE COMMON EXTERNAL TARIFF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazarian,   Naira; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
A two-sector, three-good model, developed by S. Devarajan et al. at the World Bank was used to analyze trade liberalization in Trinidad and Tobago as an example of the country's new open economy policy. A 20% reduction in T&amp;T's import tariff rate resulted in increased import volume, overall decline in consumer prices, investment level, tax revenue and government savings, and a positive growth in overall consumption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16723

EFFECTS OF TRADE BARRIERS ON U.S. APPLE EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sreedharan,   Prasanna; Devadoss,   Stephen; Stodick,   Leroy; Wahl,   Thomas I.
We build a spatial equilibrium trade model for apples using demand and supply relations for each importing and exporting country. The model maximizes welfare subject to demand and production constraints. A trade barrier (free trade) scenario which incorporates (removes) import quotas and tariffs is run. Comparison of the solutions of the two scenarios quantifies the impacts of trade barriers on US apple exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Apples; Spatial equilibrium model; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade; F10.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22172

THE ECONOMICS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND TRADE WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE U.S. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopinath,   Munisamy; Pick,   Daniel H.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) and its relationship to trade in the U.S. food processing industry. A representative multinational corporation maximizes profits by choosing between production in the home country, which is exported, and production in a foreign country. This introduces the possibility that foreign affiliate sales can be a substitute and/or complement for exports. The empirical framework consists of a system of four equations with foreign affiliate sales, exports, affiliate employment, and FDI as endogenous variables. The results confirm a small substitution between foreign affiliate sales and exports. The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that FDI is also protection-jumping.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51205

Climate Policy, Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness: How Might Border Tax Adjustments Help?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve.
In this paper, analysis is presented relating to the impact of border tax adjustments for climate policy on the international competitiveness of energy-intensive industries, and the related problem of carbon leakage.  While many of the economic and legal issues are not particularly new, climate policy does present some possible twists to the analysis of border tax adjustments when vertically-related markets can be characterized as a successive oligopoly.  Specifically, an appropriate border tax adjustment will depend on the incidence of a domestic carbon tax, the nature of competition in upstream and downstream sectors, as well as the basis for assessing the trade neutrality of any border tax adjustment.  If trade neutrality is defined in terms of market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon leakage; Border tax adjustments; Imperfect competition; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; H87; Q38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103207

TRADE AND INVESTMENT LIBERALIZASTION AND CHINA'S RURAL ECONOMY: IMPACTS AND POLICY RESPONSES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott.
While the forces of development and transition have been in part responsible for generating the progress that rural China has experienced during the past 20 years as well as being responsible for some of the remaining barriers, the nation'’s efforts at pushing ambitious Trade and Investment Liberalization (TIL) policies threaten to further accentuate the trends in rural China.  Surprisingly, however, even though the potential for gain and for damage is great, almost no literature exists to answer some of the most basic questions about the proposed efforts to push TIL.  On balance, will TIL policies help or hurt rural residents?  How will they affect rural incomes?  How will they affect rural employment in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors?...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11959

Articles from Volume 1, Issue 2, 2005, Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents: (1) Lobb, A.E., and R.W. Fraser. "Implications of Recent Australian Wheat Industry Developments for Domestic and Overseas Prices." (pp. 93-108); (2) Grethe, Harald, Stephan Nolte, and Stephan Tangerman. "Evolution, Current State and Future of EU Trade Preferences for Agricultural Products for North-African and Near-East Countries." (pp. 109-134); (3) Poosiripinyo, Rangsit and Michael Reed. "Measuring Market Power in the Japanese Chicken Market." (pp. 135-148); (4) Ramirez, Andrew, Mark R. Manfredo, and Dwight R. Sanders. "Revenue Insurance for Spanish Wine Grapes." (pp. 149-168); (5) Reeder, John, Ronald A. Babula, Cathy L. Jabara, and Jillian L Torene. "Effects of Two Non-U.S. Regional Trade Pacts on the Venezuelan Soy Products Trade and U.S....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49154

NATIONAL IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hillberg Seitzinger,   Ann; Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Mathews,   Kenneth H., Jr.
This research estimates the U.S. economic welfare effects of livestock disease surveillance.  One type of surveillance considers livestock diseases already in the United States.  Annual national economic welfare increases $1.4 billion on average compared with a Federal surveillance budget for endemic diseases of $300 million annually. Other surveillance deals with reducing the risk of foreign animal diseases entering and becoming established. The estimated annual gain to producers from surveillance for foreign animal diseases is $401 million dollars.  Consumers experience additional benefits of $170 million annually.  Total annual benefits are $571 million versus a foreign animal disease surveillance budget of $165 million.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Surveillance; Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97837

Macroeconomic and Global Growth Influences on the U.S. Agricultural Trade Balance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Dohlman,   Erik.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21324

AN AGENDA FOR THE DESIGN AND STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The combination of a general greening of international political debate, and the events of 1992 at the Rio Earth summit have led to great interest in the question of global environmental protection. While it is recognized that international environmental agreements (IEAs) are the means by which the earth’s fragile environment is most likely to be protected, this recognition has been recent. Hence, there is very little formal research on the design and study of IEAs. As such, in this paper, I propose and describe a research agenda for the design and study of IEAs. Very generally, I propose that we frame the IEA design question as a problem in mechanism design. We will then be able to use, inter alia, the theory of common agency and the theory of hierarchies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International; Environmental; Agreement; Design; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; D73; D82; L50.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28353

Tariff and Tariff Rate Quota Liberalization in the South African Livestock Industry: Approaches to Welfare Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oyewumi,   Olubukola Ayodeju; Jooste,   Andre; Britz,   Wolfgang; van Schalkwyk,   Herman D.
The liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms in South Africa saw the introduction of a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. This study uses a partial equilibrium comparative static model to measure the welfare effects of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios.  The traditional method of welfare analyses using the CS and PS was applied, while the EV was used to integrate a well-behaved objective function.  Although the CS and PS could have over-estimated welfare due to the fact that the demand system used in this study is non-linear, they still...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10134

Welfare Impacts of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Trade Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laborde,   David; Martin,   William J.; van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique.
The variability of protection rates within sectors is frequently particularly high in agriculture relative to non-agriculture. Standard aggregation procedures ignore the variability within sectors, and underweight the importance of highly protected sectors. It therefore seems likely that they underestimate the potential benefits of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural reform. This study examines this question using a new procedure for aggregating trade distortions. It finds that the key impact of using better aggregators is to increase the benefits of both agricultural and non-agricultural reform. It finds that using optimal aggregation procedures increases the measured importance of agricultural trade reform relative to non-agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Nonagricultural trade; Trade distortions; Tariffs; Aggregation; World Trade Organization; WTO; Trade reform; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103958

A NOTE ON THE LINK BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13917

Les Marges De Commercialisation Et L’équité Du Commerce Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Tossou,   Kokou A.; Homevoh,   Etsri.
Face à l'inefficacité et l'inefficience des systèmes de commercialisation en ASS, la présente étude tente d’évaluer les marges commerciales et l’équité du commerce du maïs, du sorgho, du gari, de la tomate, de l’oignon, du poisson et du bétail au Togo. Elle conclut que les circuits commerciaux du pays s’intègrent dans un système commercial régional qui se traduit par des flux ouverts sur les pays voisins (Bénin, Ghana, Burkina) et lointains (Niger, Gabon). L’analyse des marges a permis de constater que le commerce des produits alimentaires est en général viable. Toutefois, les marges nettes demeurent modestes. L’analyse de l’équité révèle que la distribution des bénéfices sur les tronçons, n’est pas équitable. Certains acteurs amassent d’énormes profits...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marges commerciales; Équité du commerce; Sécurité alimentaire; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52125

THE EFFECT OF ARMINGTON STRUCTURE ON WELFARE EVALUATIONS IN GLOBAL CGE-MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerkela,   Leena.
In this paper, the welfare results in trade liberalisation scenarios in global CGE models (like GTAP) are analysed. The default modeling strategy in trade is the Armington assumption with bilateral trade flows in industries. The negative terms of trade effects that often dominate the negative welfare outcome in simulation experiments are decomposed to imports and exports price effects. The numerical examples show that even in unilateral liberalisation with decreasing import tariffs, the welfare effects are dominated by domestic price level changes that also drive the exports prices. The numerical examples are built around simple GTAP tariff cut experiments with 3x3 country and commodity aggregation. The inherent feature in this type of models is that they...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CGE Modeling; Trade liberalisation; Terms of trade; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6397

THE EFFECTS OF MEAT EXPORTS AND IMPORTS ON WHOLESALE PRIMAL PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Kastens,   Terry L.
Trade liberalization has increased livestock sector interest regarding the impact of exports and imports on domestic meat prices.  The focus of this analysis was to determine the impact on wholesale prices of various cuts of beef and pork from changes in U.S. meat exports and imports.   The results of this analysis found that U.S. beef and pork exports and imports from different locations impacted cut prices differently.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20898

INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES INFLUENCING JAPANESE BEEF IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Longworth,   John W.
The beef trade between Australia and Japan is not well understood in Australia. Access to the Japanese beef market depends more on administrative and political decisions than on market forces. The politics of beef in Japan are briefly outlined. Food self-sufficiency and agricultural protectionism in Japan are discussed in relation to Japanese beef policies. The activities of the major institutions concerned with administering beef policy in Japan are considered with particular emphasis on the Livestock Industry Promotion Corporation. The history of both the beef tariff and beef import quotas are also sketched. Many significant conclusions are reached regarding the future of the Japanese beef market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9225

Poverty Implications of Agricultural and Non-agricultural Price Distortions in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Orden,   David.
Using recent estimates of industry assistance rates, the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world and in Pakistan alone are analyzed using a global and a Pakistan CGE model under two tax replacement schemes: a direct income tax and an indirect tax replacement. The results indicate that the distributional and poverty effects in Pakistan of a unilateral liberalization of all traded goods are significantly greater than the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world. There is relatively higher increase in real income and larger decline in poverty incidence in poor households both in rural and urban areas. The effects of agricultural trade liberalization alone in both the rest of the world and in Pakistan are considerably smaller...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52789

Political Economy of Agricultural Trade Interventions in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bates,   Robert H.; Block,   Steven A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agriculture; Taxation; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50302

An Economic Evaluation of the Benefits from Import Clearance Activities in Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   David C.
Quarantine trade restrictions enforced on agricultural commodities are both a safety measure and a form of subsidy to local producers. With appropriate strategies in place the risk posed to domestic production systems from exotic pests and diseases is reduced. This often means importers of agricultural commodities are effectively taxed, with negative effects on consumer welfare. Hence, analysis of quarantine policy decisions involves a comparison of notional production gains against social welfare loss. Given the large variety of agricultural industries and the virtually endless list of exotic pests deemed as “threatening” to domestic industries, there is a continuum of problems of this type. In some instances the effects of quarantine policies will be...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123628

Determinants of Agricultural Protection in an International Perspective: The Role of Political Institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Christian H.C.A.
Abstract—This paper studies the role of political institutions in determining the political success of agriculture in avoiding taxation or attracting government transfers in developing and industrialized countries, respectively. The model is based on a probabilistic voting environment, where in industrialized countries rural districts are less ideologically committed than urban districts, while in developing countries urban districts are less ideologically committed than rural districts. As a consequence, in industrialized (developing) countries rural (urban) districts are pivotal in determining the coalition that obtains a majority, whereas urban (rural) districts are pivotal within the majority itself. In bargaining at the legislature, this generates a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Political Institutions; Agricultural Protection; Probabilistic Voting Model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43872

Global Distortions to Key Agricultural Commodity Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48576

Genetically Modified Rice, International Trade, and First-Mover Advantage: The Case of India and China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Mevel,   Simon; Bouet,   Antoine.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55032

U.S. IMPORTS OF CANADIAN WHEAT: ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE U.S. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
It is hypothesized that the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) has had a role in increased U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. Using a set of world wheat models that differentiate wheat according to class and source, several conclusions concerning the role of EEP are reached. Over the period 1986-1993, EEP has been accountable for 40 to 48 percent of the yearly growth in U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. EEP subsidies in 1991/92 to China and Brazil caused significant diversion of Canadian wheat that would have been destined for those markets instead to the U.S. market. Further, it is argued that a quota on imports is not likely to have price-enhancing effects for U.S. wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Export enhancement program; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51218

O EFEITO DAS IMPORTAÇÕES MUNDIAIS SOBRE AS EXPORTAÇÕES DO AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO – UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA PARA O PERÍODO 2000/2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spolador,   Humberto Francisco Silva; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
Ao longo do período 2000/2007 o setor externo do agronegócio brasileiro encontrou uma conjuntura altamente favorável para o aumento de suas exportações, pois se combinou uma situação de forte expansão da economia mundial com elevação dos preços internacionais de commodities. No âmbito interno, os ganhos de produtividade permitiram o avanço das exportações, enquanto que a valorização cambial, iniciada em meados de 2004, praticamente eliminou os efeitos positivos da elevação dos preços internacionais. Esse trabalho mostra que, a despeito dos efeitos negativos da valorização cambial, o crescimento das importações mundiais teve efeito relevante (em torno de 20%) no aumento das exportações brasileiras do agronegócio entre os anos de 2000 e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Importações mundiais; Taxa de câmbio; Exportações do agronegócio; World imports; Exchange rate; Agribusiness exports; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109811

Competiveness of Latin American Exports in the U.S. Banana Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Zahniser,   Steven.
U.S. banana demand differentiated by country of origin is estimated using the generalized dynamic Rotterdam model.  Results indicate that dynamic factors play a significant role in determining the allocation of U.S. banana expenditures across exporting sources.  Of particular interest is Guatemala’s increased share and Costa Rica’s decreased share of U.S. banana supply.  A number of factors explained why Guatemala replaced Costa Rica as the leading U.S. supplier in 2007.  (1) Guatemala is the least expensive source on average.  (2) Habit persistence, adjustment costs, and other dynamic factors favor Guatemala’s exports.  (3) Given increases in the relative price of Costa Rica’s bananas, the price competition between Costa Rica and Guatemala is highly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Imports; Demand; Latin America; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98365

Brazil Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quiroga,   Jose; Brooks,   Jonathan; Melyukhina,   Olga.
In June 2005, OECD members met with senior government officials from Brazil to discuss Brazilian agricultural policies and future directions, as a part of a comprehensive agricultural policy review. Ongoing dialogue with Brazil on policy issues is important to fostering a better understanding of global challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Results of the review will be published by the OECD in 2005. This policy note provides a preview of key findings.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: OECD; Policy issues; Reforms; Economy; Macroeconomic stabilization; Structural reforms; Trade liberalization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52068

THE IPPC HARMONIZATION UPDATE: 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffin,   Robert L.
Paper and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32811

A farm level analysis of the impact of milk quota reform: integrating econometric estimation with optimisation models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.; Donnellan,   Trevor; Hennessy,   Thia C.; Thorne,   Fiona S.
This paper explores the implications of an expansion of the EU milk quota. The paper begins by examining the relative competitiveness of dairy farming in the EU. FADN data is used to derive production cost measures and partial productivity indicators for selected Member States. The results show that Irish dairy farmers have relatively low cash costs of production and that output per hectare and per labour unit is low, suggesting that Ireland may be well placed to expand production if the milk quota regime were reformed. The subsequent sections of the paper address the implications of an expansion of the EU milk quota. Results of an analysis conducted using the FAPRI-Ireland partial equilibrium model are summarised while the results and methods of a farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6480

Estimating the Social Welfare Effects of New Zealand Apple Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   David C.; Liu,   Shuang; Fraser,   Rob W.; Siddique,   Abu-Baker; Paini,   Dean R.
This paper provides a demonstration of how a comprehensive economic framework, which takes into account both the gains from trade and the costs of invasive species outbreaks, can inform decision-makers when making quarantine decisions. Using the theoretical framework developed in Cook and Fraser (2008) an empirical estimation is made of the economic welfare consequences for Australia of allowing quarantine-restricted trade in New Zealand apples to take place. The results suggest the returns to Australian society from importing New Zealand apples are likely to be negative. The price differential between the landed product with SPS measures in place and the autarkic price is insufficient to outweigh the increase in expected damage resulting from increased...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91957

A Discussion on Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDaniel,   Christine A.; Balistreri,   Edward J.
Applied partial and general equilibrium models used to examine trade policy are almost universally sensitive to trade elasticities. Indeed, the Armington elasticity, the degree of substitution between domestic and imported goods, is a key behavioral parameter that drives the quantitative, and sometimes the qualitative, results that policymakers use. While standard transparent approaches to econometric estimation of these elasticities have been offered for the last 30 years, the estimates are viewed as too small by many trade economists. A few robust findings emerge from the econometric literature: (1) more disaggregate analyses find higher elasticities, (2) long-run estimates are higher than short-run estimates, and (3) time series analyses generally find...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15856

An Empirical Investigation into the Determinants of Trade Policy Bias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hink,   Matthew J.; Cardwell,   Ryan T.; Lawley,   Chad.
There exists an extensive literature that attempts to identify important factors that determine trade policies.   An understanding of these important factors could be useful when negotiating trade agreements, especially in agriculture, which is a relatively heavily supported industry.  Limao and Panagariya (L&amp;P, 2007) modify Grossman and Helpman’s (G&amp;H, 1994) lobbying model in an attempt to understand why anti-trade bias (as opposed to pro-trade bias, which is predicted by the G&amp;H (1994) model) is the predominant pattern in observed trade policy.  L&amp;P (2007) propose that governments seek to reduce inequality between sectors by modifying trade policies in a way that reallocates income from the larger to the smaller sector.  We use measures...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Policy; Trade Policy; Political Economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Q17 Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123837

THE ECONOMICS OF GRAIN PRODUCER CARTELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gleckler,   James; Tweeten,   Luther G.
The objective of this study is to measure economic payoffs from a grain cartel. Two basic approaches to extract economic rents are considered: (i) Mandatory supply controls to restrict production and raise grain price, and (2) export price discrimination using export taxes or subsidies. The economic impacts of different producer cartel scenarios were estimated using a long-term, nine-region world trade simulation model incorporating the assumptions of neoclassical trade theory. The SWOPSIM program was used to write the model equations. Economic Research Service trade data for 1989 were used to initialize the model. Results reflect long-run changes from 1989conditions and are at 1989 general price levels. The model simultaneously estimated outcomes in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51225

Can Globalisation Result in Less Efficient and More Vulnerable Industries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Growing economic globalisation (a means of market extension) may increase the economic vulnerability of firms in modern industries, especially those in which firms experience substantial economies of scale.  The possibility is explored that globalisation activates competitive pressures that forces firms into a situation where their leverage (fixed costs relative to variable costs, or overhead cost relative to operating costs or capital intensity) rises substantially.  Consequently, they become increasingly vulnerable to a sudden adverse change in economic conditions, such as a collapse in the demand for their industry’s product.  This is explored for monopolistically competitive markets and also for oligopolistic markets of the type considered and modelled...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Vulnerability of industries; Oligopolistic markets; Monopolistic markets; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90536

Globalization and wine business: Port wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rebelo,   Joao; Correia,   Leonida; Caldas,   Jose Vaz.
In the past two decades the world has seen acceleration in the process of globalisation, affecting virtually all industries and consumers. The wine sector is no exception, witnessing increased exports and imports, decreasing consumption per capita in the producing countries, and a wave of direct foreign investment and mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Among European wine producers the Port wine can be seen as a representative case of globalisation and as a benchmark, because almost 90% of its production is exported. With this in mind, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the structure and behaviour of the Port wine chain in terms of industrial organisation and trade. To achieve this objective a survey about the role of organisations in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9448

Wohlstand, Wachstum und Verteilung: Die Entwicklungsländer in der Globalisierung der Weltagrarwirtschaft
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97387

Food Regulation and Trade under the WTO: Ten Years in Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David; Roberts,   Donna.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25334

Improving Horticultural Export Performance of Developing Countries in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansen,   Hans G.P.
Many developing countries in Asia have a comparative advantage in the production of horticultural commodities with favourable growth prospects in world markets due to relatively high income and price elasticities. As a result, the horticultural sector has traditionally been an important source of foreign exchange earnings in Taiwan, China, the Philippines and (more recently) Thailand and Malaysia. On the other hand, the performance of potentially significant exporters in South Asia has been disappointing. Drawing from the widely diverging experiences of six countries, it is concluded that government policies significantly influence horticultural export performance. To meet strict consumers' specifications in importing countries, maximum cooperation is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12402

THE CASE AGAINST TARIFF COMPENSATION: A COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Stuart.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22808

Liberalization and Structural Change: Evidence from Nepalese Manufacturing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Kishor.
The consequences of liberalization on structural changes are examined using data from manufacturing industry in Nepal which is classified as a least developed country. This is important because doubts that liberalization may not solve the problems of low-income developing countries remain strong due mainly to low supply elasticities and the early stage of industrialization. Results suggest some structural changes in manufacturing output and trade orientation. However, no significant improvements were recorded in the overall productivity growth and spatial distribution of manufacturing which appear to be due mainly to the lack of basic infrastructure and the shortage of skilled manpower. Thus, appropriate investment policies, which channel resources to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Import penetration; Export intensity; Total factor productivity growth; Nepal; International Relations/Trade; E13; F13; F14; F43; 041.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28394

Az élelmiszerlánc szereplői közötti kapcsolatok hazánkban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jozsef; Juhasz,   Aniko.
Hazánkban a válság miatt a keresleti oldalról növekedni képtelen piacon a kiskereskedelmi szereplők a kötelező éves növekedést immár csak a piac újraosztásával érhetik el, ami a kiskereskedők között kíméletlen – horizontális – versenyt eredményez. Ennek eszköze az alapvető termékek esetében a minél alacsonyabban tartott ár. Ezért a kereskedelmi láncok és beszállítóik kapcsolata vegyes képet mutat. A nagy, tőkeerős, elsősorban nemzetközi élelmiszer-feldolgozók és mezőgazdasági beszállítók számára még így is jövedelmező lehet a kereskedelmi láncok által biztosított széles körű piaci jelenlét. Ezzel szemben a hazai szinten nagy, de nem elég tőkeerős hazai beszállítók alkupozíciója rendkívül kényes, számukra még veszteség mellett is létkérdés a kereskedelmi...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Élelmiszerlánc; Beszállítók; Vevői erő; Koncentráció; Verseny; Food supply chain; Food suppliers; Buyer power; Concentration; Competition; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119886

ITC Injury Determination and the Abuse of Antidumping Law: Evidence from the United States Manufacturing Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staiger,   Robert W.; Wolak,   Frank K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50715

Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik der EU: Die Wirkungen von Direktzahlungen aus entwicklungspolitischer Perspektive
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brümmer,   Bernhard; Fahlbusch,   Markus.
In der Diskussion über die Fortführung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik nach 2014 spielen die entkoppelten Direktzahlungen eine dominierende Rolle. Während sich die Debatte innerhalb der EU vor allem um die langfristige Begründung solcher Direktzahlungen dreht, steht aus Sicht der internationalen Handelspartner stärker die Frage im Vordergrund, inwieweit von den formal entkoppelten Zahlungen nicht doch Produktions- und damit Handelswirkungen ausgehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in der vorliegenden Studie zunächst die theoretischen Wirkungen, die von formal entkoppelten Direktzahlungen auf die Erzeugung von Agrargütern ausgehen können, erörtert. Anschließend wird mit Hilfe einer empirischen Analyse der Handelsströme bei ausgewählten Agrarprodukten im Export...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Handelsanalyse; Politikfolgenabschätzung; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F-13; F-14; Q-11; Q-13; Q-17; Q-18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123355

Is Increased Global Price Volatility Here to Stay? Implications for the World's Poorest (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50605

Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Kerr,   William A.; Mekkaoui,   Cherine.
Most observers agree that the major areas where gains can be made in CETA are in the services sector and selected areas of manufacturing. It seems unlikely that CETA will be as all encompassing as the NAFTA with only a few agricultural products excluded from full tariff elimination. Still, it sends a bad signal if some trade liberalization is not achieved in agriculture and with a long implementation period no reason not to make progress. The major gains in agriculture are likely to be in niche markets which taken individually are small but in aggregate could provide a boost to Canadian agriculture. Most importantly, a trade agreement with the potential to open a rich market with 500 million consumers to the wide range of products and services exported by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; EU trade; Agreement; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95800

Extending Protection at the WTO to Products Other Than Wines and Spirits: Who Will Benefit?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vincent,   Michel.
The issue of extending geographic indicator protection to products other than wines and spirits has created wide divergences between demandeurs and opponent countries at the WTO. This article examines the economic impacts of the proposals submitted at the WTO by these two groups of countries, focusing mainly on market access, generic names and impacts for the consumer in North America. Results from our survey show that reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers in North America would be more important in improving market access for EU geographical indications (GIs) than would GI extension. In addition, it would appear that North American consumers may not benefit from extension of protection to products other than wines and spirits..
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Generic names; Geographical indications; Market access; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9383

IMPACTS OF NAFTA ON U.S.-MEXICO AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Paper presented at the Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association's Annual Meeting, Bar Harbor, ME, June 10-12, 2001  Data for 1989-99 indicate that U.S.-Mexico trade has increased substantially under NAFTA. Regression analyses do not provide strong evidence that NAFTA has been an mportant factor since the data indicate a continuation of previous trends. NAFTA resulted in trade under TRQs for previously prohibited products and enabled other trade to continue increasing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19105

Competitividade do açúcar brasileiro no mercado internacional
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dias,   Luiz Carlos; Gibbert,   Giane Maria; Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis.
The study objectifies, by means of a group of indicators, to evaluate the competitiveness of the Brazilian sugar in the international trade. The indicator market-share evidenced its significant importance, considering that Brazil was responsible for 40,61% of the sugar commercialized in the international market in 2005. About the competitiveness front to other countries and other products, the indicator relative advantage in the export also discloses the advantage competitive of the Brazilian sugar. As for participation of the sugar in the total of the Brazilian exportations, the growth is substantial, having increased its representation in 95% in the analyzed period. The participation of the commercial balance of the sugar in the GIP Brazilian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Sugar; Exportations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55178

Identification des besoins d’information des utilisateurs pour le développement des échanges dans la sous région OA. Rapport du SIMA/Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Niger
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Niger; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57265

Trade Model to Assess Euro-Med Agreements. An Application to the Fresh Tomato Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria; Martinez-Gomez,   Victor; Villanueva,   Miquel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7281

Análise do segmento exportador da avicultura brasileira no período de 1996 a 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cunha,   Denis Antonio da; Dias,   Roberto Serpa.
This paper has the main goal of analyzing and evaluating the structure and dynamics of the market from the exporting section of Brazilian chicken raising, from 1996 to 2004. Concentration rates were calculated in order to measure the market share which are dominated by the main companies. The dynamics of the sector position (turnover) was also checked. The reached results point that the sector concentration is higt, and great investments are necessary to the performance in the international market; the placement of the companies was changed mainly due to the ones which had lost positions compared to the first year. However, the concentration has decreased, and there is evidence that the market power hasn’t been used by the companies in a sense of reducing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Aviculture; Exports; Market concentration; Sector dynamics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55308

Environment, Welfare and Gains from Trade: A North-South Model in General Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.
The effects of environment on trade and welfare are analyzed in a modified Heckscher-Ohlin framework using a quasi-homothetic preferences to account for differences in countries' expenditure shares on health. Three types of pollution, local-disembodied, global-disembodied and embodied, result as a by-product of inputs used in production. For each case, the Walrasian, Pareto optimal and the Regulators' problem are analyzed. The optimal tax is shown to improve each country's welfare if the country is small in the world market. Otherwise, changes in the terms of trade may cause one country to be made better off at the expense of the other. Interdependence for the global-disembodied case is explored using a one-shot Nash game. For the embodied pollution,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7517

Exploiting the Cointegration Properties of China’s Monthly Cotton Import Market and World Apparel Market Conditions: A Preliminary Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babula,   Ronald A.; Yu,   Wusheng.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55585

TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN THE EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Tangermann,   Stefan.
The European Union has opened tariff rate quotas (TRQs) after the Uruguay Round (UR), following the agreement that minimum access should be provided and current access not be restricted. The EU TRQs are described and their origin is explained. Descriptive statistics are provided in order to assess the implementation of the market access provisions of the 1994 UR Agreement. Transparency of the EU TRQ system and fill rates of TRQs are examined. Overall, the EU's record in the area of TRQs is relatively satisfactory, compared with those of other countries. Concerns remain, however, as to the exact articulation of the (regional) Europe Agreement and some quotas under minimum access.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31327

PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Timothy G.; Melendez,   Martha; Fairchild,   Gary F.
The first half of this decade has witnessed an explosion in the creation and rejuvenation of preferential trading arrangements. Indeed, since 1990, 33 regional agreements have been notified to the GATT. An understanding of the basic structure of these agreements within the Western Hemisphere is critical to the ex ante assessment of the potential impacts of a Western Hemisphere Free Trade Agreement (WHFTA) on individual countries and groups, as well as specific sectors such as agriculture and food processing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27227

An Analysis of an Alliance: NAFTA Trucking and the US Insurance Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Condon,   Bradly; Sinha,   Tapen.
In the NAFTA, the United States agreed to phase out restrictions on the operation of Mexican trucking companies in the United States. When the deadlines came, the Clinton Administration chose to maintain the restrictions. Following a NAFTA panel ruling against the United States, the Bush Administration announced it would remove the restrictions. The decision has met with opposition from both truckers and insurers in the United States, who cite safety concerns. This article examines the economic, political and legal forces at work in this debate, as well as the relationship between the NAFTA and WTO rules on trade in services that apply.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Insurance; Trucking; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23873

THE NATURE AND DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS OF WTO ACCESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
The overall goal of our paper is to understand how WTO will affect the agriculture sector in China.  To accomplish this goal we have two specific objectives.  First, we seek to provide measures of the distortions in China’'s agricultural sector at a time immediately prior to the nation’s accession to WTO.  Second, we seek to assess how well integrated China’'s markets are in order to understand which areas of the country and which segments of the farming population will likely be isolated from or affected by the changes that WTO will bring.  Ultimately, with a knowledge of the size and magnitude of the impacts, researchers will be better able to being working on understanding how the policies that WTO will impose on China will change the gap between the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11970

INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS IN THE NORTH PACIFIC SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matulich,   Scott C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26661

ÉLELMISZER-KERESKEDELEM A BALATON KIEMELT ÜDÜLŐKÖR-ZETBEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peter,   Erzsebet.
Megállapítható, hogy a Balatonnál a kis- és közepes vállalkozások csak úgy képesek felvenni a versenyt a globalizáció következtében piacot hódító multina-cionális vállalatokkal, hogy üzlethálózatokba tömörülnek. A kis- és középvállal-kozásoknak kínálnak megoldást a szövetkezetek, amelyek üzletláncok kiépítésé-vel, az ország egészére kiterjedő élelmiszer-kiskereskedelmi hálózattal rendel-keznek. Az azonos logo már maga is forgalomstabilizáló tényező, az egységes ár-politika, az országosan és regionálisan összehangolt árengedményes akciók hoz-zájárulnak a forgalom növekedéséhez, igazodva a magyarországi fogyasztói pi-achoz és vásárlási szokásokhoz. Tulajdonosi és szerkezeti viszonyait illetően sajá-tos kettősség jellemzi a kereskedelmet. Az egyik oldalon a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Élelmiszer-kereskedelem; Koncentráció; Kisvállalkozások; Lehetőségek; Food trade; Concentration; Small enterprises; Facilities; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57655

Access of Eastern African Farmers to Domestic and International Markets: Opportunities and Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bahiigwa,   Godfrey.
This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges that Eastern African farmers face in accessing domestic, regional and international markets. With rising population and incomes, domestic markets offer great opportunities for farmers. However, because of structural, institutional and organizational constraints, small scale rural farmers may not benefit much from domestic urban markets unless they are organized and trained to meet the high quality product standards demanded by urban consumers and supermarkets. ECA countries stand to gain more by investing in commodities that are consumed within the region, than from traditional cash crops destined for international markets. Regional integration offers opportunities for larger markets and efficiency gains...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market access; Trade reforms; Regional integration; Economic growth; Eastern African farmers; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25270

Trade and Exchange Rate Regime Coherence: Implications for Integration in the Americas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciuriak,   Dan.
Latin America’s trade relationships have been severely strained by the series of uncoordinated currency depreciations within the region since the Asian Crisis spilled over into Brazil in 1999 and by large swings in G-3 exchange rates. Large depreciations, whether forced by capital markets or unilaterally effected for competitive trade reasons, are equivalent to steep increases in tariffs facing trading partners; they damage trade relationships and distort trade-oriented economic growth. The sources of the unfolding regional crisis and its implications for intra-regional trade as well as trade with major external trading partners are examined. Implications for future regional economic integration are drawn.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capital flows; Contagion; Exchange rates; Finance; Trade; Western Hemisphere; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23919

Worldwide Response and Coordination Efforts (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffman,   Eric.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33331

International trade, regional integration and food security in the Middle East
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeRosa,   Dean A.
Against the background of increasing interest in closer economic relations in the Middle East, the contribution that greater integration of markets might make to improving food security in the region is investigated, using a quantitative framework for gauging the reduction in instability of market supplies for cereal, meat, and dairy commodities under regional cooperation schemes versus more general policies to increase the integration of Middle East markets with markets in Western Europe and the world at large. Nondiscriminatory trade liberalization yields the greatest improvements in food security, but expansion of intra-regional trade relations also result in improved food security, except in the case of wheat and other cereals because of already...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51812

O PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO E DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE COOPERAÇÃO COMPETITIVA PARA A OBTENÇÃO DA INDICAÇÃO DE PROCEDÊNCIA VALE DOS VINHEDOS: O CASO DA VINÍCOLA BOUTIQUE LIDIO CARRARO- SERRA GAÚCHA- RS/BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollo,   Silvana Saionara; Castro,   Alberto William Viana de.
O grande desafio do arranjo vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha é o aumento da competitividade dos vinhos finos nacionais. Isso poderá ocorrer por medidas de reduções tributárias, pelo aumento do consumo per capita brasileiro de vinho e, principalmente pela implementação de inovações e de estratégias que promovam a melhoria da qualidade dos vinhos e por meio de medidas jurídicas que atestem essa qualidade como as indicações geográficas. Constata-se que na região do Vale dos Vinhedos, na Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brasil, as vinícolas estão implementando inovações e estratégias de competição e cooperação com vistas à obtenção anual da indicação de procedência para os vinhos finos. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as inovações e as estratégias que têm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109633

FOREIGN TRADE--IS THE CRUNCH COMING?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hathaway,   Dale E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17004

Trade Enhancing Goals for Reducing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheesley,   Dan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33385

TRADE CREATION AND DIVERSION EFFECTS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT OF U.S. SUGAR IMPORTS FROM MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Kropf,   Jurgen; Wahl,   Thomas I.
A world sugar model consisting of 21 countries was developed to determine the effects of NAFTA of U.S. and Mexican sugar markets and to quantify the trade creation and diversion effects on U.S. imports from Mexico. Mexican sugar production increases under NAFTA, causing Mexico to become a net exporter. NAFTA induces sugar imports from Mexico to displace U.S. production, to meet demand expansion, and also to divert U.S. imports from other foreign suppliers to Mexico. Effects of NAFTA on the U.S. sugar market are small because of the side agreements which limit Mexican exports and which include corn sweetener consumption when computing Mexico's production surplus.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30773

Supply and demand for commodity components: implications of free trade versus the AUSFTA for the US dairy industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Balagtas,   Joseph Valdes; Brunke,   Henrich; Sumner,   Daniel A.
During the negotiations on the Australia–US free trade agreement (AUSFTA), the US dairy industry vigorously opposed opening the US market to imports of Australian dairy products on the grounds that the US industry would be devastated. Subsequently, the agreement signed in February 2004 made an exception for dairy, providing for only limited quota expansion and no free trade, even at the end of the long implementation period. This paper presents a simulation model of world dairy markets, represented by supply and demand equations for fat and non-fat components of milk and manufactured dairy products. We use the model to analyse the effects on US milk markets of both a hypothetical agreement, allowing free bilateral trade in dairy products, and the actual...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Australia–US trade agreement; Components model; Dairy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116926

Agriculture and its Terms of Trade: A Review Article
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Throsby,   C.D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1960
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8862

An Overview of Climate Change: What does it mean for our way of life? What is the best future we can hope for?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This paper starts with the question of whether climate change will require a significant reduction of consumption among the richer people in the world, and ends with the most optimistic picture the author can conjure up, of the world in the year 2075. That hopeful picture is of a world in which inequalities – among and within nations – have been substantially reduced. The challenges and adjustments confronting humanity in the coming decades provide an opportunity that could be used to mitigate climate change in ways that can improve the circumstances of the poor. Ecological reasons to reduce throughput of energy and materials in economic systems urge the abandonment of high-consumption life-styles. The 21st century will be an era of many losses, but it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37711

Risk Aversion in a Dynamic Trading Game
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
The effect of risk aversion on Nash equilibrium trade restrictions is studied using numerical methods. An increase in a nation's level of risk aversion can lead to either an increase or decrease in its equilibrium restriction and either an increase or decrease in its rival's restriction. The linear quadratic dynamic game is generalized to include risk aversion.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51231

Environmental Provisions in Recent Regional Trade Agreements (2008 &amp; 2009)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Despite a failure to achieve closure on the Doha Round of WTO negotiations, regional and bilateral trade agreements involving a variety of countries have continued to be negotiated, signed and implemented. Most of the recent trade agreements have contained some environmental provisions, ranging from a pledge to protect the environment to very extensive environmental requirements. These results appear to reflect a recognition that trade has environmental consequences and that trade agreements can be constructed to help mitigate such effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Environmental provisions; Free trade; Trade agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90937

A Global Game with Strategic Substitutes and Complements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Lee,   In Ho; Mason,   Robin.
We study a global game in which actions are strategic complements over some region and strategic substitutes over another region. An agent’s payoff depends on a market fundamental and the actions of other agents. If the degree of congestion is sufficiently large, agents’ strategies are non-monotonic in their signal about the market fundamental. In this case, a signal that makes them believe that the market fundamental is more favorable for an action may make them less likely to take the action, because of the risk of overcrowding.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global games; Congestion; Coordination problem; International Relations/Trade; C79; D84.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25014

NAFTA AND AGRICULTURE: AN EARLY ASSESSMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
While the effects of NAFTA will not be known for quite sometime, an early appraisal can be made (1) using an econometric decomposition of trade patterns with and without the agreement and (2) assessing NAFTA as a learning process.  Results show that the Agreement helped increase Mexican imports from the U.S. when Mexican incomes were rising and helped prevent a further fall in imports when incomes were falling.  As a learning process, the most promising aspect of the Agreement is reliance on tri-national civil society as the warrant of implementation of the clauses of the agreement and of each country's labor and environmental laws.  This is inducing the active participation of a thickening web of corporatist and non-governmental organizations that cut...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25089

U.S. Dairy Trade Situation and Outlook: 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91361

The Impact of Preferential, Regional and Multilateral Trade Agreements: A Case Study of the EU Sugar Regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
The EU is a major participant in the world sugar market, being one of the top producers, importers and exporters in the world. The reform of the EU sugar regime will affect not only the EU member states and candidates, but also countries that are associated with the EU through the preferential, regional and multilateral trade agreements. For several decades, the EU has supported and protected the EU sugar sector. Sugar from developing countries will not be able to enter the EU sugar market without preferential trade agreements. In the EU sugar regime, the unique features of the trade concessions are that sugar under preferential import quotas can enter the EU market duty-free and the price paid for sugar equals to the high EU price for sugar. This paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25134

Exchange Rate Volatility in BRICS Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maradiaga,   David Isaias; Zapata,   Hector O.; Pujula,   Aude Liliana.
This paper measures the impact of bilateral exchange rates, the world agricultural GDP and third-country exchange rate volatilities (Yen/USD and Euro/USD) on the BRICS agricultural exports using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Two measures of volatility are used: the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the rates of change of the real exchange rates. We found that most variables are integrated of order two except the third-country exchange rate volatilities which are stationary and thus considered as exogenous in the VAR models. The causality between I(2) variables was tested using the modified Wald test introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). We found that both volatilities (Yen/USD and Euro/USD) Granger cause Brazilian agricultural...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: BRICS; Currency Exchange Rate; Volatility; Trade; Agricultural Exports; U.S. Dollar; Risk; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119726

Storage, Trade, and Price Policy Under Production Instability: Maize In Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinckney,   Thomas C.
Instability in the production of a staple food causes severe hardship for many countries. For a country that is self-sufficient in its staple food in a normal production year, the large swings in price and consumption that result from an exclusive and uninhibited reliance on trade to stabilize prices are unacceptable. Most countries, therefore, intervene in their domestic cereal markets and move supplies from surpluses to deficit years through storage or by subsidizing international trade. The appropriate method of intervention and the most efficient way to achieve supply stability thus became topics of study. For the most part, economist have encouraged governments to rely more on trade than on stocks to make up deficits on years of production shortfalls....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Corn industry; Government policy; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42171

ARMENIAN RURAL COOPERATIVES AND MARKETING: DAIRY SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hovhannisyan,   Vardges; Vasa,   Laszlo.
Armenian milk marketing cooperatives provide several benefits, of which the increased opportunity for milk marketing is valued most by member farmers. During the cooperative action milk production has also increased due to seminars on cattle feeding, artificial insemination, sanitation programs, and support by cooperatives in feed procurement. Another benefit is that through pooling products of specified grade or quality, marketing cooperatives are better able to market milk to large-scale buyers than individual owners. Putting their efforts together cooperatives can move to distant markets and thus expand their sales opportunities. This is of paramount importance for those cooperatives that have a sole buyer. In addition to milk marketing, almost all of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Cooperation; Cooperative; Milk production; Transition economy; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58902

The WTO Agricultural Negotiations: Progress and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93489

A Review of FDA Imports Refusals - US Seafood Trade 2000-2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.; Westra,   Sabrina.
The United States is the third largest consumer of seafood products in the world. The percentage of imported seafood consumed in the U.S. has steadily increased from 66% in 1999 to over 84% in 2009 (NOAA, 2010). Food safety, especially of imported foods and products from developing countries, has raised increasing concerns among American consumers and policy makers. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) (Ababouch et al. 2000) border inspection system is considered critical for ensuring the safety of domestic seafood consumers. However, the potential non-tariff barrier to trade posed by FDA regulations, especially for many developing country exporters have been frequently cited in the literature.  This paper investigates trends and patterns...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Import refusal reports; FDA; Import Alerts; Seafood; Trade barriers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103877

National and International Factors in Pickle Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Lourdes R.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Nagai,   Tomokazu.
This report presents global and domestic information regarding production, trade and market developments for pickled cucumbers. U.S. cucumber production and trade are commonly divided into two categories: fresh and pickling. Michigan is the largest producer of pickling cucumbers in the country, accounting for 18 percent of total U.S. production. Like many agri-food industries, this processed product sector has gone through numerous changes in the past decade which have influenced production and marketing trends, and assessing the influence of individual factors is difficult. However, using production and trade data it is possible to infer some possible drivers of trends and outcomes for the industry.   Year-round supply from other countries, quality...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10938

Guide to Foreign Crop Subsidies and Tariffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ethridge,   Don E.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Pan,   Suwen; Welch,   Mark; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Velandia-Parra,   Margarita M.; Yates,   Samantha.
This study attempts to summarize information on farm policies being used for seven major crops–corn, cotton, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugar, and wheat–by a group of 21 countries representing both developing and developed nations. Overall, the study concludes that agriculture has a special status in both developed and developing countries with a wide variety of subsidy and protection instruments in place.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53138

U.S. - MEXICO FREE TRADE: ANIMAL HEALTH ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   G. Gale.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16919

COSTS AND RISKS OF CONFORMING TO EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Henry,   Xavier; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Stochastic simulation was used to determine the marginal cost and optimal testing strategy (location and intensity) for an integrator conforming to proposed European Union traceability requirements for imported hard red spring wheat.  Cost, risks and premiums were determined for exports of non-genetically modified (non-GM) wheat from the U.S. to the EU.  Cost components include certified seed, certification and auditing, testing, traceability, quality loss, and a risk premium for the added risk of a dual traceability system over a single non-traceability system.  The optimal strategy is the one that maximizes the integrator's utility (minimizes disutility of integrator's additional costs).  Adventitious commingling is defined stochastically.  Results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Genetically modified; Hard red spring wheat; European Union requirements; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23484

Competition in Markets for Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.; Mizelle,   William O.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59863

What the Developing Countries Want from the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCalla,   Alex F.
There is a very strong consensus among economists that developing countries have the most to gain from movements towards freer trade under the WTO. But the Seattle WTO meeting was suspended in part because of vocal NGOs who charged that free trade and globalization were not in poor countries’ interests. This paper makes three points. First, developing countries do have much to gain from general trade liberalization. Trade expansion is positively linked to growth. Second, agricultural trade liberalization offers even greater gains than liberalization in other sectors because of the heavy dominance of agriculture in poor countries’ economies. Third, not all developing countries are poor, food-deficit, importing countries. They are a heterogeneous group and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; NGOs; Non-trade issues; Open trade regimes; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23863

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Asia; Proceeding of a Workshop Held in Bogor, Indonesia, October 5-8, 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents: Foreword Acknowledgements Opening address, by Haruo Inagaki Opening remarks, by Yukio Kawauchi Message of Mr. Adrianus Mooy, read by Nibhon Debavalya Opening address, by Joko Budianto Trade Liberalization and World Food Prospects in the 21st Century, by Keji Ohga Project Report: Effects of Trade Liberalization in Selected Asian Countries with Special Focus on CGPRT Crops (TradeLib), by Michio Kanai Agricultural Trade Liberalization in China, by Jikun Huang and Chunlai Chen Comments on Chinese Country Report: Trade Protection or Free Trade in the Agricultural Economy of China?, by Chen Dongsheng Effects of Trade Liberalization on Indian Agriculture, by Ramesh Chand Effects of Trade Liberalization on Selected Food Crops in Indonesia, by Erwidodo...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; International trade; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32735

Guaranteed Minimum Price Contracts for Some, an Insurance for Others?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambolle,   Claire; Poret,   Sylvaine.
This paper analyzes the impact of guaranteed minimum price contracts between sub-groups of farmers and a fair trade manufacturer on the spot market price. We focus on the fair trade concept in the coffee supply chain as an example. We analyze a three level vertical chain gathering perfectly competitive farmers upstream who offer their raw product to manufacturers who then sell finished products to a downstream retailer. Without fair trade, all the raw product is sold on the spot market. When a sub-group of farmers benefit from a guaranteed minimum price contract offered by a fair trade certifier, we show that farmers outside of this fair trade agreement may also benefit from a higher spot market price in cases of a limited overproduction.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Guaranteed Minimum Price Contracts; Fair Trade; Vertical Chain.; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44134

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48470

Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parker,   Timothy S.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122969

Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage, and U.S. Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   T. Kelley.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51237

Food Aid as Surplus Disposal? The WTO, Export Competition Disciplines and the Disposition of Food Aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Ryan T.; Fridfinnson,   Brooke; Rude,   James.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7714

Gendered Impact of Irrigated Rice Schemes’ Governance on Farmers’ Income, Productivity and Technical Efficiency in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe,   Florent M.; Diagne,   Aliou; Agboh-Noameshie,   Afiavi R.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
Collective actions groups have many advantages and are sometimes essential, yet they can reinforce or perpetuate inter-and intra-gender inequalities when their functioning is left entirely subject to internal community dynamics and they are not well managed. This is well illustrated by the case of Koussin-Lélé rice scheme in the central Benin. This paper apply inequality indices and frontier production function to data from a sample of male and women rice farmers to analyze the gender inequalities in access to land and the governance of the groups, and their gender-differentiated impacts on farmers' productivity, technical efficiency and income. The results show that women are particularly discriminated against with regards to access to land, with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Land distribution; Rice; Technical efficiency; Productivity; Income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52156

Selected Posters, SAEA 2009, Annual Meeting
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53105

A Comparative Study of FAO and USDA Data on Production, Area, and Trade of Major Food Staples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paulino,   Leonardo A.; Tseng,   Shen Sheng.
The setting of priorities for policy research at the International Food Policy Research Institute depends largely on an understanding of basic national and global trends in food production, consumption, and trade. Although IFPRI draws heavily on the analyses by FAO and other agencies for much of this information, it is also intensely examines the basic data, not only to carefully adjust its own program but to judge independently the key variable in these trends. Initially IFPRI worked largely from USDA data, but recent efforts have depended primarily on FAO statistics. This experience with the published data of both agencies has led Leonardo Paulino and Shen Sheng Tseng to undertake this analyses available to the research community at large, we hope to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Statistical services; Produce trade; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; United States Dept. of Agriculture; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42220

Too Smart for Their Own Good! Complexity, Capacity and Credence in Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Multilateral trade negotiations are, by design, becoming increasingly complex. The current degree of complexity limits the ability to assess the effects of a potential agreement and inhibits the transparency needed to reach an agreement. Despite the considerable recent efforts at capacity building in developing countries, the additional complexity has outstripped the ability to build capacity. This article draws upon New Institutional Economics to examine the effects of complexity on trade negotiations. The conclusion is that the rational decision of many countries may be to opt for no agreement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Credence; Experience; Negotiations; Trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9082

Borders, Market Size and Urban Growth, The Case of Saxon Towns and the Zollverein in the 19th Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ploeckl,   Florian.
Changes in trade institutions, such as the abolishment of tariff barriers, have a potentially strong impact on economic development. The Zollverein, the 1834 customs union between German states, erased borders in much of central Europe. This paper investigates the Zollverein's economic impact through a study of urban population and its growth in the German state of Saxony.  A model of the effect of market access on urban growth is combined with an extensive data set on town populations in Saxony and its neighbors as well as an improved distance measure based on GIS techniques, which take into account elevation patterns, roads, and rivers.  The results show that Zollverein membership led to significantly higher growth for towns close to the border with...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: F15; N93; R12; International Relations/Trade; Zollverein; Saxony; Customs Union; Market Access; Economic Geography; GIS; Distance measurement.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/229132

Income Growth in Developing Countries Can Increase U.S. Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager; Muhammad,   Andrew; Rada,   Nicholas E.
Developing and middle-income countries are becoming increasingly important export markets for high-value agricultural products due to population, urbanization, and income growth. The U.S. agricultural export sector is well placed to meet the increasing demand for high-value food products, such as meat, dairy products, and prepared foods. In many developing countries, agricultural productivity growth is the strongest driver of income growth.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121240

GRANGER CAUSALITY FROM THE EXCHANGE RATE TO AGRICULTURAL PRICES AND EXPORT SALES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bradshaw,   Girard W.; Orden,   David.
In-sample and out-of-sample Granger causality tests are applied to determine whether the real trade-weighted agricultural exchange rate helps predict monthly real prices and export sales of wheat, corn, and soybeans. An ARIMA model, alternative univariate and bivariate autoregressive models, and a restricted bivariate autoregressive model based on Hsiao’s procedure are specified for each variable. Results of the causality are shown to be sensitive to specification choice. Forecasting performance of the models is compared and out-of-sample Granger causality is determined using univariate and bivariate models with the best (lowest mean-square forecast error) forecasting accuracy. These tests provide evidence supportive of Granger causality from the exchange...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32503

AN ANALYSIS OF EXPORT MARKET STRATEGIES AND BARRIERS PERCEPTIONS BY U.S. AGRICULTURAL HVP EXPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Davis,   George C.
This study identifies barriers perceived by agricultural exporters and examines how these perceptions influence use of export market strategies.  Ordered logit models are used to estimate effects of perceived barriers and firm characteristics on export market strategies.  The results from these models show that perceptions about import restrictions influence use of diversification of exports across products, competition influences use of competitive export pricing, and overseas product regulations affect product adaptation for export markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34557

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE BRAZILIAN FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE 90S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farina,   Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido; Viegas,   Claudia Assuncao Dos Santos.
This work investigates the increased share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Brazilian food industry.  In addition to conferring on Brazil the important role of attracting FDI to Mercosur (the Southern Common Market), this flow of investment has caused importance changes in the Brazilian industrial organization.  Increases in competition, new strategies and changes in the number of employees in the industry are a few of the more remarkable results.  The main objective of this work is to investigate the reasons of entry, encountered mainly in the characteristics of the Brazilian market, and the impacts on the local industry, and to signal the long-run effects of these recent changes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34525

Impacts of Foreign Investment and Advertising on the Export Demand for  U.S. Frozen Potatoes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanclos,   D. Kent; Devadoss,   Stephen; Guenthner,   Joseph F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35757

FACTOR MARKET INCIDENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION: SOME ADDITIONAL RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.
Liberalization of trade implies changes in producer prices, which has consequences for farm income, agricultural employment and asset values. The relative incidence of the effect of changes in prices on fixed factors depends on the rclative magnitude of the Morishima elasticities of substitution in agricultural production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22929

AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY OUTLOOK (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penn,   J.B.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33201

Effectiveness of Trade Sanctions as an Enforcement Mechanism in Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Agreements in Agriculture and Forestry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irfanoglu,   Zeynep Burcu; Sesmero,   Juan P.
This study explores the conditions under which a trade sanction can be an effective enforcement mechanism used by the US against China in global greenhouse (GHG) mitigation in agriculture and forestry. The problem has the structure of prisoner’s dilemma and hence both the US and China have incentive to free-ride in GHG emissions abatement. It is found that if the US joined the rest of the world (ROW) in emissions abatement in agriculture and forestry, the US could also convince China to comply with abatement using trade sanctions. In this study, trade sanctions are considered as a deterrent to free-riding. For threats of trade sanctions to become a viable enforcement mechanism tariff rates have to achieve two conditions defined in this study: credibility...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Sanctions; Greenhouse Gas Mitigation; Multilateral Environment Agreements; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103869

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AS A VEHICLE FOR ADAPTING TO GLOBAL WARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randhir,   Timothy O.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
This study assesses the potential interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission- as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. this is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31295

ACCESS TO PESTICIDES AS A SOURCE OF TRADE DISPUTES DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elam,   Thomas E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16931

A Critical Survey of Databases on Tariffs and Trade Available for the Analysis of EU Agricultural Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; Bartova,   Lubica.
Applied trade analysis and modeling would not be possible without databases. Over the last few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to put together and harmonize a huge amount of data. This has lead to the construction of large-scale datasets on trade (imports and exports in volume and value terms). In parallel, increasing attention has been devoted to measuring tariffs and other trade barriers. These efforts are still under way. It is only recently that large-scale models, for example, have taken into account the lower tariffs applied under preferential agreements (the former generation of models only considered the "bound" tariffs that act as a ceiling in many countries). The changes resulting from the introduction of better data on tariffs have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7287

What makes countries initiate WTO disputes on food-related issues?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Christian; Heckelei,   Thomas; Rudloff,   Bettina.
This paper analyses relevant determinants for the probability to initiate a dispute on policy measures under the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system. The empirical analysis differs from existing assessments by focusing on agri-food related disputes and provides a more in-depth analysis of specific country and sectoral characteristics not considered in previous studies. Contrary to recent analyses of overall trade disputes, the results show that some determinants such as legal capacity and monetary means are not statistically significant. Own protectionist behaviour, endured protectionism, and the duration of WTO membership, however, could be identified as relevant determinants with the expected direction of impact.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO dispute; Agri-food sector; Binary choice model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44335

When Will Ukraine be a Global Player on World Agricultural Markets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zorya,   Sergiy; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
Competitiveness has been a subject of considerable attention in agricultural economics. In this paper we study the development of the international competitiveness of Ukrainian crop production between 1996 and 2001 using the concepts of Domestic Resource Cost and Private Cost Ratio. We distinguish between "average" and "best" farms to get a comprehensive picture of farm competitiveness in Ukraine. Our main conclusion is that agriculture responds quickly to incentives, and there are indications that Ukrainian agriculture has entered a phase of dynamic development. A shortage of human capital and physical bottlenecks in grain and oilseeds marketing could limit this development in coming years; if policy makers respond to these risks Ukraine could easily be a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Domestic Resource Cost; Private Cost Ratio; Farm heterogeneity; Eastern Europe; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24912

Product differentiation under the WTO; An analysis of labelling and tariff or tax measures concerning farm animal welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eaton,   Derek J.F.; Bourgeois,   J.; Achterbosch,   Thom J.
This report examines the possibility of giving preferential treatment to imports of meat products that meet improved standards in terms of animal welfare in production. Three specific forms of preferential treatment are considered here as possible measures for increasing levels of animal welfare in meat production in the EU and its exporting partners: labelling of products (either voluntary or compulsory), differentiated import tariffs and differentiated consumer taxes. The likely admissibility of such measures under WTO rules is assessed by means of an analysis of previous decisions by WTO dispute settlement panels. It is concluded that all of the measures analysed have a possibility of being upheld, based on a defence relying on Article XX of the GATT...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29123

European Union Agricultural Policy Institutions and Decision Making Processes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vaughan,   Odette; Tanguay,   Luc; Gilmour,   Brad.
This note examines European Union (EU) institutions and policy making processes in relation to its agriculture and food sector. With a market comprised of 495 million people across 27 countries and a comprehensive agricultural policy accounting for the largest share of the EU budget, how the EU policy environment functions is important to Canada. Decisions are made at the supranational EU level for agriculture, fisheries, trade, and regional development, while decision-making related to other policies occurs at the individual country level or through a system of inter-governmental cooperation. Decision-making occurs in three institutions: the Commission, the Council and the Parliament. Agriculture negotiations typically begin with a text drafted by the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; Agriculture; Policy; Institution; Legislation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55322

EMERGING TRENDS IN THE NEW FOOD ECONOMY: CONSUMERS, FIRMS AND SCIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
Seven trends that emerge in the new global economy will be identified followed by a discussion of how they evolved and what they imply for public policy and for various types of firms and consumers.  Some have called it the "brave new world" of food production and consumption.  Some dislike what they see, others fear it, and many embrace it.  The new food economy involves many non-food firms that provide ancillary services and products.  They go way beyond the familiar farm input suppliers to consulting firms for software and data analysis, to electronic system designers, to engineers of food and packaging, to biological and physical scientists who redesign the food itself. Together, they make the food system work for consumers and for those firms that are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14575

Allowing for Group Effects When Estimating Import Demand for Source and Product Differentiated Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew.
In this study an import demand model (differential production model) is presented that is used in estimating the demand for source and product differentiated goods simultaneously. Unlike the traditional import demand models, this model can account for changes in relative group expenditures. Expenditure estimates differed when comparing the differential production model and Rotterdam model results. Results showed that if group revenue shares are relatively fixed, then the bias in expenditure estimates due to omitting group effects will be small when using traditional demand models such as the AIDS or Rotterdam models. As relative group shares significantly change and diverge the bias increases, particularly for imports representing a larger share of group...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Import demand; AIDS model; Rotterdam model; Product differentiation; Source differentiation; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q17; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6364

Why Doesn't Africa Trade Regionally?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Lorraine.
African countries do not tend to trade agricultural goods regionally, in contrast to other regions of the world.  The current research uses a gravity model to consider several alternative hypotheses for this stylized fact.  The results indicate that African countries tend to trade with countries that have similar diets, but also with countries that have comparative advantage in production and similar languages. Being landlocked reduces trade likelihood, but African countries seem similarly or more likely to import from bordering countries than nations in general.  The model also overpredicts trade for most observations but underpredicts imports from middle income African importers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19306

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CADEIAS DE PRODUÇÃO LOCAIS E SUA INTER-RELAÇÃO COM A ECONOMIA GLOBAL: O CASO DA BANANA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Paulo Rodrigues Fernandes; Funcke,   Andre Luis; Lima,   Luiz Carlos Oliveira.
Um dos pontos importantes que devem ser atendidos por políticas públicas é como integrar o relacionamento de um determinado setor com a economia global, sendo que a questão a ser resolvida é sobre como gerar possibilidades para que o empresário local possa competir em um ambiente globalizado. A integração com o mercado globalizado é uma realidade para todas as cadeias produtivas dos países em desenvolvimento. Mesmo que não haja uma integração formal, as cadeias produtivas vêm, no mínimo sofrendo a concorrência das redes varejistas que constantemente oferecem produtos novos com origens diversas, dentro ou fora do país. Este estudo visa apresentar uma análise da cadeia produtiva da banana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e sua interação com as cadeias produtivas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento local e global; Banana; Cadeia de produção; Local e global development; Banana; Production chain; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114001

A POLICY LEADERSHIP COMMISSION FOR NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Loyns,   R.M.A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16943

Did the WTO Play a Role in the Food Crisis?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
When high prices or natural calamities result in starvation and political unrest in the developing world emergency food aid is the best short run response. However, over a longer time frame it is important to have in place international rules that allow the market to function to help alleviate food shortages rather than making them worse. Given Canada’s trading position we have a huge stake in getting these rules right. Although the future of the Doha Round is unclear there is still time to make a start on developing better rules for export prohibitions, restrictions and export taxes that would serve the world better in times of shortage. A first step would be effective disciplines on the use of export taxes, and export restrictions and embargo’s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; Food; Crisis; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43467

Crop Subsidies in Foreign Countries: Different Paths to Common Goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Smith; Pan,   Suwen; Mutic,   Maria; Yates,   Samantha; Ethridge,   Don E.
This is an update of CERI-SR07-01, our report on international crop policies conducted in February of 2007. Since then, the landscape for agricultural products has undergone changes due to developments related to the use of ethanol and the recent economic recession. Also, in most of the world, both developed economies such as the EU, Australia, and the U.S., and developing countries such as China and Brazil, have increased their domestic agricultural supports and/or altered the types of support. It is uncertain if this increase is permanent or transitory.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53137

Growth, Income Inequality and Aid Giving: Looking for an Aid-Kuznets Curve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobhee,   Sanjeev K.; Nath,   Shyam.
This paper contributes to the literature on foreign aid by exclusively explaining a donor’s motivation for foreign external assistance. The underlying framework focuses on recipients’ needs for foreign aid to address income inequality as and when growth occurs. A tax-subsidy policy is hypothesised in the manner advocated by optimal tax theory to effectively deal with inequity by minimizing the distortionary effects of income taxes. This framework is ultimately endogeneized in the recipient’s budget constraint, from which the donor derives the demand for foreign assistance. The outcome supports an inverted-U relationship between foreign aid and per capita income in the way postulated by the conventional Kuznets curve. Our postulate is empirically tested...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Foreign aid; Optimal taxation; Fiscal policy; International Relations/Trade; F35; H21; E62.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50163

The Role of Exchange Rates and Domestic Policies on Global Rice Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jamora,   Nelissa; Valera,   Harold Glenn; Matriz,   Mary Joanne; Molina,   Imelda; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61681

THE FUTURE OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET INTEGRATION: A U.S. PERSPECTIVE  (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: World Perspectives Inc.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32826

Extraterritoriality of the Sherman Act and Deterrence of Private International Cartels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
This paper presents two major economic arguments relevant to a decision facing the U.S. Supreme Court in early 2004.  In Empagran v. F. Hoffmann-LaRoche the Court must decide whether companies like Empagran, an Ecuadorian animal-feed manufacturer, ought to be permitted to sue for treble damages under the 1890 Sherman Act, even though Empagran bought vitamins from a convicted global cartel wholly outside U.S. territory.  Because of ineffective antitrust enforcement in its home country, Empagran and similarly situated buyers favor having this right, whereas Roche and 19 other members of the vitamins cartel oppose it. The first argument in favor of extraterritorial expansion concerns the effects on U.S. consumers and the competitiveness of U.S. markets. I...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19499

Mexico Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cahill,   Carmel; Jotanovic,   Aleksandar; Abraham,   Cally.
As a NAFTA partner and Canada's third largest export market for agri-food products, developments in Mexico are of direct interest to Canada. Rural poverty, low productivity, poor infrastructure and unclear property rights for both land and water still inhibit the efforts of Mexico's government to improve competitiveness of its agricultural sector.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Agricultural policy; Liberalization; Resource governance; Infrastructure; Subsistence; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46509

Economies of Scale and Endogenous Market Structures in International Grain Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scoppola,   Margherita.
A large body of literature has examined international grain trade in imperfectly competitive models. The model developed in this paper differs from previous ones, since it specifically considers the export strategies used by multinational firms, which maintain a direct control over all importing/exporting functions; this strategy requires high fixed cost but allows firms to avoid the transactions costs arising from negotiating with downstream operators. The model considers a multinational firm and a state trading enterprises competing on a foreign market in a two-stage duopoly framework; while the Ste is assumed to export only indirectly, the multinational firm chooses between indirect and direct exports, according to the relative values of transaction and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25322

A Descriptive Analysis of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15701

Vantagens comparativas reveladas e orientação regional da soja brasileira frente à União Européia e ao foro de cooperação econômica na Ásia e no Pacífico, 1992-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ilha,   Adayr da Silva; Coronel,   Daniel Arruda.
This work aims at verifying the competitiveness of the Brazilian soybean in relation to European Union and the of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum. To do so, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCAI), and the Regional Orientation Index (ROI) were used. The findings show that Brazil has been presenting a positive Revealed Comparative Advantage Indexes on the considered period and these were increasing except during the years of 1995, 1996, 1999 and 2003. The reason of these drops off may be related to the high exchange rates between 1995 and 1998 and, due to variations in the Brazilian and World soybean exportations. The ROI result concerning the European Union indicates that the exports are concentrated to the block. Although, this rate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Soybean; International trade; Economic blocks; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55307

TRADE LIBERALIZATION, MARKET REFORMS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF INDIAN DAIRY SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Vijay Paul; Gulati,   Ashok.
From chronic shortages of milk, India has emerged today as the largest producer of milk in the world crossing 80 million tonnes. This has been achieved largely through a smallholder economy in which .Operation Flood., one of the world's largest dairy development programme, played an important role. All this happened largely under autarkic framework and regulated public policy dictated by import-substitution strategy. Until 1991, the Indian dairy industry was highly regulated and protected through quantitative restrictions (QRs) and stringent licensing provisions. Since early 1990s, India embarked upon liberal policy framework, which got reinforced with the signing of Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) in 1994. This opening-up increasingly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16128

Do U.S. Cotton Subsidies Affect Competing Exporters? An Analysis of Import Demand in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Kiawu,   James.
We estimate the demand for imported cotton in China and assess the competitiveness of cotton-exporting countries. Given the assertion that developing countries are negatively affected by U.S. cotton subsidies, our focus is the price competition between the United States and competing exporters (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, India, and Uzbekistan). We further project how U.S. programs affect China’s imports by country. Results indicate that if U.S. subsidies make other exporting countries worse off, this effect is lessened when global prices respond accordingly. If subsidies are eliminated, China’s cotton imports may not fully recover from the temporary spike in global prices.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: China; Cotton; Import demand; Rotterdam model; Subsidies; United States; West Africa; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123786

ASSESSMENT BY MIDWESTERN AGRICULTURAL FIRMS OF DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA AND INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agarwal,   Sanjeev.
China and India are two of the world's biggest countries and potentially large markets for U.S. agricultural products. This study reports the assessment by midwestern agricultural firms of doing business in the two countries. The data, collected by mail questionnaire, suggests that China posed less of a problem than did India with respect to economic and market conditions, tariff and investment barriers, and physical and cultural barriers. On the other hand, India posed less of a problem than did China with respect to language, protection of property rights, and the legal system. Firms already doing business in these countries had more favorable comments than those with no previous experience. The study also reports results of telephone interviews with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18702

MARKET AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF MANDATORY COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN LABELING IN THE US SPECIALTY CROPS SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This study provides a new framework of analysis of the market and welfare effects of mandatory country of origin labeling (MCOOL) for fruits and vegetables that accounts for heterogeneous consumer preferences for domestic products, differences in producer agronomic characteristics, and retailer market power when buying and selling these products. The market and welfare effects of MCOOL are shown to be case-specific and dependent on the labeling costs at the farm and retail levels, the strength of consumer preference for domestic products, the market power of retailers, the marketing margin along the supply chain, and the relative costs of imported and domestic products. Simulation results for the US markets of apples and tomatoes indicate that for the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9735

Potential Consequences of Intra-Regional Trade in Short-Term Food Security Crises in Southeastern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Nielson,   Hunter; Govereh,   Jones; Dorosh,   Paul A.
A report prepared by Michigan State University for the World Bank under contract No. 7144132, Strengthening Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa through Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Trade; Emergency; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55376

BIOFUELS AND LEAKAGES IN THE FUEL MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; de Gorter,   Harry.
Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or consumption mandate. Two components of market leakage are distinguished: domestic and international. Leakage with both a tax credit and a consumption mandate depends on market elasticities and consumption/production shares, with the former having a bigger impact. Leakage is also more sensitive to changes in market supply and demand elasticities in the country not introducing biofuels. Although positive with a tax credit, market leakage can be negative with a consumption mandate, meaning that one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuels producer does not necessarily mean that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91265

THE IMPORTANCE OF AND ECONOMIC MOTIVATION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL LICENSING OF BRANDED FOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Casual empiricism suggests that the international licensing of the production and marketing of branded food and related products may become an increasingly important aspect of the globalization of the food industry, particularly in sectors such as soft drinks, brewing and confectionery products.  For example, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola both license the canning and distribution of their final products in overseas markets, Anheuser-Busch and Miller license production of various of their beer brands whilst Nestle chocolate products are manufactured under license in the United States by Hershey.  The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, in Section 1 empirical evidence on the extent of international licensing is presented and evaluated.  In particular, due to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26487

TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER NAFTA: TRADE IN AVOCADOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16821

Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture - International and Domestic Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charlebois,   Pierre; Gagne,   Stephan.
The purpose of this document is to describe the features of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Medium Term Outlook for Canadian Agriculture (previously entitled Medium Term Policy Baseline) covering the period 2008 to 2018. The outlook is an attempt to outline a plausible future of the international and domestic agri-food sectors. It serves as a benchmark for discussion and scenario analysis. The outlook makes specific assumptions and outlines their implications. Since it assumes that policies remain unchanged from existing legislation, the outlook is not a forecast of future events. The medium term assumptions used and published by the OECD/FAO in the Agricultural Outlook are by in large maintained in the AAFC's outlook but updated to reflect...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Outlook; Agriculture; Cereals; Oilseeds; Bio-fuels; Livestock; Red meats; Milk; Dairy products; Chicken; Turkey; Eggs; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51718

The Andean System of Price Bands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castro,   Yesid.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50817

Assessing the Implications of EU Enlargement for CEEC Agri-food Trade Specialisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabik,   Dusan; Bartova,   Lubica.
The goal of the paper is to analyse agri-food trade specialisation in seven Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) with their trade groupings over the period 2000-2005, prior to and after their accession to the EU. For these CEECs, we found high agri-food trade specialisation in a relatively small number of commodities. The most competitive commodities in trade with all trade groupings other than the EU-15 were marked by a fairly high level of processing. Over the analysed period the CEE countries did not maintain positions of the most competitive commodities, but at the same time they improved positions of a number of previously uncompetitive commodities. The competitiveness of CEEC agrifood trade commodities declined over the period analysed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-food trade; Specialisation; Lafay index; Markov matrices; New EU Member States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7783

China's Biotech Policies and Their Impacts on U.S. Agricultural Exports to China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Marchant,   Mary A.
China is a key player in global agricultural markets, and the number one importer of U.S. soybeans and cotton, whereby soybeans and cotton are two of the main biotech commodities commercialized in the United States. As of 2005, 87% of soybeans and 79% of cotton planted in the U.S. were biotech. Thus, changes in China's biotech policies may have a significant impact on U.S. biotech commodity exports to China. An understanding of the evolution of China's biotech regulations and factors that may influence China's future biotech policies is crucial for both U.S. producers and policymakers. This article introduces the development of China's biotech regulations in detail. Focusing on soybeans and cotton, the impact of China's biotech policy changes on U.S. trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25661

INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY RESPONSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13636

International Synchronisation of the Pork Cycle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holst,   Carsten; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114532

The Antidumping Negotiations: Proposals, Positions and Antidumping Profiles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.; Wainio,   John.
Negotiations over the rules governing the use of antidumping (AD) duties are occurring in both the World Trade Organization and the Free Trade Area of the Americas. Unfortunately, the goal of the negotiations is unclear, as some governments want to restrict the use of antidumping while others seek to maintain the ability of national governments to use antidumping measures. We hypothesize that members who desire to preserve the use of antidumping are active in initiating suits. To explore this hypothesis, we examine the positions taken by major actors in the negotiations, and their antidumping profiles. An antidumping profile includes data on a member's AD actions, including investigations and measures the member initiates, as well as investigations and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; FTAA negotiations; WTO negotiations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23869

BEYOND THE GREEN BOX: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14417

MEASURING THE QUALITY OF IMPORTED TOBACCO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   George C.; Hewitt,   William J.
Domestic tobacco producers have faced increasing competition from imported tobacco since the late 1970s. Much of the debate has centered on the unknown quality of imported tobacco. This study provides a discussion and clarification of the concept of quality, and demonstrates a method of measuring the average quality of imported tobacco. The results show that since 1977, imported tobacco has been steadily decreasing in average quality and moving toward lower quality producing countries and types of tobacco. The reasons for this decline are discussed along with the policy implications.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Index numbers; Quality; Tobacco; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15236

Communication Costs and Agro-Food Trade in OECD Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper analyses the effects of communication costs for agro-food trade in OECD countries between 1995 and 2003 using gravity model. We find that the link between the communication costs and agro-food trade flows in developed countries is significantly stronger for agricultural than for food products. The improved communication services reduce trade transaction costs. The estimations also confirmed importance of the economy size, level of development in importer countries, and trade distance. The other traditional gravity variables like contiguity, language and regional free trade agreements have significant impacts in the majority of specifications
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Communication costs; Agro-food trade; Gravity model; International Relations/Trade; F14; F23; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50937

Der Markt für Zucker
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolte,   Stephan; Grethe,   Harald.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97522

World Economic Crises in Times of Environmental Scarcity and Wealth Concentration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
Three new structural factors underlie the latest great world crisis: (1) the incorporation of highly populated countries into the growth process; (2) The increasing scarcity of the environment and certain natural resources; (3) the dramatic concentration of wealth and income in the advanced economies over the last two decades. These structural changes have significantly tightened the links between world growth and commodity demand, made the world commodity supply increasingly inelastic, and rendered economic growth more dependent on lax monetary and financial policies, respectively. All this may make the world economy highly vulnerable to crises and may make the recovery from the current crisis more difficult.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56408

Programación de la comercialización mensual agraria: el caso de los cultivos hortícolas en la provincia de Almería
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perez-Mesa,   Juan Carlos.
RESUMEN: Este artículo trata sobre la programación de la producción agraria, entendida no sólo como la selección entre varios cultivos sino, también, como la distribución temporal de los mismos. Primero se estudia la programación de la producción para una empresa, donde sus decisiones no afectan a los precios de equilibrio en el mercado: en este caso se propone la utilización de un modelo de Markowitz adaptado a la programación temporal de la comercialización. Posteriormente, se analiza la ordenación de la venta para un operador que tuviese capacidad, por su volumen de comercialización, de alterar el equilibrio de mercado: en este caso se propone la utilización de un modelo de maximización mensual de ingresos y márgenes.  SUMMARY: This article analyses the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exportación; Optimización; Planificación; Programación matemática; Optimization; Planning; Mathematical programming; Export; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37187

An Assessment of the UN's Millennium Development Goals and its Millennium Declaration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The United Nations’ Millennium Declaration, passed by the General Assembly in September 2000, is assessed with particular attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and associated targets outlined in the Declaration. The focus of the article is not so much on the extent to which these goals are being met but on the adequacy of the Declaration itself.  The fundamental values outlined in the Declaration are listed and assessed. The Millennium Development Goals are means for the attainment of these values, along with some other objectives specified in the Declaration.  Both sets of objectives are examined, with most attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and Targets. The Millennium Development Goals aim to reduce social and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: United Nations' Millennium Development Goals; Environmental sustainability; Poverty eradication; Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123453

On the Micro-Structure of the German Export Boom: Evidence from Establishment Panel Data, 1995 - 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
This paper uses an unbalanced panel data set for exporting firms from manufacturing industries in one German federal state, Lower Saxony, to investigate the micro-structure of the recent export boom. Looking at data for 1995/96 to 2001/02 it is demonstrated that a considerable number of plants starts and stops exporting in each year, but that most of the export dynamics is due to positive and negative changes of exports in plants that continue to export. A small fraction made of four to five percent of all exporting plants is responsible for around 70 to 80 percent of the gross increase in exports. Firms with expanding and contracting exports are found simultaneously in all broad sectors, technology classes and firm size classes. Patterns of export...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Business cycle; Establishment panel data; International Relations/Trade; F14; E32.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26134

The Competitive Position of the Southeast in National and International Markets for Corn, Soybeans, and Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ott,   Stephen L.; Allison,   John R.; Shumaker,   George A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59862

Biotechnology for Developing-Country Agriculture: Problems and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44273

Increasing the Openness of the Trade Policy Process: Challenges and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isaac,   Grant E.
Trade policy – once a subset of foreign policy far removed from domestic concern, focused squarely on border issues and subject to the rules of international diplomacy – is now a central concern on the public policy agenda as trade issues have become increasingly entwined with traditionally domestic policy issues. Consequently, demands have been made for more openness in trade policy formation and, in response, many governments have undertaken openness initiatives. Despite these developments there has been only a little research into the increased openness of trade policy processes in general and no research aimed at developing a consistent framework for categorizing various openness initiatives and permitting a meaningful comparison of initiatives between...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Openness; Openness framework; Trade policy; Transparency; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23816

World Agriculture Organization (WAO): New Global Governance for Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Wanki; Koo,   Won W.; Kim,   Chang-Gil.
It is increasingly questionable whether the WTO regime is the most appropriate form of governance for addressing global problems related to agriculture. In particular, climate change, sustainability, hunger/poverty in developing countries, and expected imbalance in food demand-supply by 2050 are emerging as grave challenges to humanity and the WTO is still struggling to resolve issues (related to the multifunctional roles of agriculture) of the 20th century while completely lacking the capacity to tackle such new global issues of the 21st century. Given this outmoded institution, the primary objective of this article is to propose that a new system of governance is needed so as to exclusively and effectively deal with problems arising from the interactions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global public goods; Climate change; Sustainable agriculture; Food security; WTO; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98886

Suspension of the Doha Round of Multilateral Negotiations and the Need for Its Resuscitation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Das,   Dilip K.
The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) has proved to be egregiously problem-prone. Due to deep dissension among WTO members it had to be suspended, and efforts to revive it have so far not succeeded. Although the mercantilist mindset of the participants has been frequently blamed for the consistently tardy progress of negotiations, there is more to the situation than just a mindset. This article methodically analyzes the various steps taken since the launch of the Doha Round and dwells on the challenges faced during the MTNs. Time and again negotiating members and country groups publicized their constructive intentions, and a series of official pronouncements provided a surfeit of evidence of commitment to the objectives of the Doha...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Doha; Failure; Multilateral negotiations; Progress; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6319

INTEGRATING INTO THE EU: CHALLENGES FOR THE SERBIAN DAIRY SUPPLY CHAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Berkum,   Siemen.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121109

The Reform of the EU Sugar Trade Preferences toward Developing Countries in Light of the Economic Partnership Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gotor,   Elisabetta.
This article provides a general overview of the evolution of the European Union  trade preferences with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, giving due attention to the reform of the Sugar Protocol (SP) in light of the anticipated Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). The EU sugar trade relationship with the ACP, as captured in both a reformed SP for ACP non–least developed countries and in the Everything-but-Arms initiative for the world’s least developed countries, is analysed and contextualized within the ongoing negotiations toward achieving EPAs, which will substitute the Lomé Convention and give a new order to EU-ACP relationships.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: African Caribbean Pacific countries; Development; Economic Partnership Agreements; European Union; Sugar reform.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52695

Implications of Adopting Special Products and Sensitive Products in Doha Negotiations for World and China’s Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Jun; Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Martin,   William J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51650

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Martin,   William J.; Liu,   Yu.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48478

THE MEXICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY:  A U.S. PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Starkey,   James H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32385

The Impact of Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Instability on Macroeconomic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghura,   Dhaneshwar; Grennes,   Thomas J.
This study investigates the relationship between indicators of macroeconomic performance and real exchange rate (RER) misalignment and instability in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Three measures of RER misalignment are used. There is ample evidence that countries which have pursued more predictable macroeconomic policies and lower levels of RER misalignment have experienced better economic performance. Also, it appears that higher levels of misalignments in the RER are accompanied by higher levels of macroeconomic instability. Empirical support is found for Edwards' model of the equilibrium RER and black market premia tend to show a greater degree of misalignment than alternative measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51146

Economic Consequences of Pollinator Declines: A Synthesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bauer,   Dana Marie; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper surveys the literature on pollinator declines and related concerns regarding global food security. Methods for valuing the economic risks associated with pollinator declines are also reviewed. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach is introduced to assess the effects of a global catastrophic loss of pollinators. There appears to be evidence supporting a trend towards future pollinator shortages in the United States and other regions of the world. Results from the CGE model show economic risks to both direct crop sectors and indirect non-crop sectors in the economy, with some amount of regional heterogeneity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Pollinators; Food security; Valuation; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95903

Transportation Optimization Modeling for Washington State Hay Shipments: Mode and Cost Implications Due to Loss of Container Services at the Port of Portland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jessup,   Eric; Meenach,   Stephanie; Casavant,   Kenneth L.
A recent issue impacting hay shipments in Washington State involves the reduction of container services at the Port of Portland, Oregon. Prior to this change, containers filled with hay were shipped almost exclusively via barge on the Columbia River to the Port of Portland. After reaching Portland, the containers were then loaded onto one of three steamship lines: Hyundai, K-Line, or Hanjin and destined to markets in Japan and China. As of September 2004, Hanjin is the only carrier that calls on the Port of Portland. This research effort collected firm level data on the production, transportation and marketing of hay in Washington and utilizes this information to develop an optimization model of regional hay movements. One alternative evaluated in this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25761

International Trade and the Natural Resource 'Curse' in Southeast Asia: Does China's Growth Threaten Regional Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.
China's growth, along with its increasing integration with world markets through WTO accession, abolition of Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) quotas, and reduced trade barriers with ASEAN, is expected to have significant effects on the structure of regional production and trade. Through bilateral trade growth as well as through competition with China in global markets, Southeast Asia's resource-abundant economies will become more intensive in natural resource-based exports and much less so in low-end, labor-intensive manufacturing such as garments. Both these effects will tend to increase demand for natural resources, one through a direct product market effect, the other by driving down the price of a complementary input, low-skill labor.  A question that then...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12600

U.S. Agricultural Export Credits after the WTO Cotton Ruling: The Law of Unintended Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitah,   Marc.
The recent WTO cotton ruling has led to a paradoxical result for the United States, a result that seems a textbook illustration of the "law of unintended consequences". Indeed, during the Uruguay Round negotiations of the present WTO agreements, the United States refused to put agricultural export credits in the category of agricultural export subsidies, where they would then have been subject only to reduction commitments. Paradoxically, the United States finds itself now in a position where these same agricultural export credits that it did not condescend to reduce during the Uruguay Round are openly considered as prohibited export subsidies. This article analyses and criticizes the tortuous legal path followed by the cotton panel before arriving at such...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agreement on Agriculture; Brazil; Cotton; Doha Round; Export credits; Export subsidies; SCM; United States; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23893

Transition to Markets and the Environment: Effects of the Change in the Composition of Manufacturing Output
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vukina,   Tomislav; Beghin,   John C.; Solakoglu,   Ebru G.
The paper measures the changes in environmental quality that occurred in the early years of economic transition for 12 former centrally planned economies using information on 13 pollution effluents in the manufacturing sector and the energy intensity of the value added. For the manufacturing sector, the change in the pollution is separated into scale and composition effects. Pollution decreases substantially in most countries because of large decreases in aggregate manufacturing activity. The composition effect is more diverse depending on the effluent type and country. We examine the reduced form relationship between composition effects coupled with the energy intensity rate of change and the extent of policy reforms. The results indicate a strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18327

Compétitivité de la filière anacarde au Bénin: une analyse des effets aux prix de référence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oloukoi,   L.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
La politique agricole du Bénin connaît depuis quelques années, de profonds changements. En effet, les différentes imperfections du marché et les risques liés à la monoculture ont amené l’Etat à opter pour une diversification agricole. Ainsi, neuf (09) filières dont la filière anacarde sont identifiées comme prioritaires. Cette étude utilise la Matrice d’Analyse des Politiques (MAP) pour évaluer la compétitivité des différents segments de la filière anacarde au Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête quantitative est menée auprès des différents acteurs à savoir 198 producteurs, 61 commerçants et 7 transformateurs. Les résultats issus de l’étude montrent que les systèmes de production, de commercialisation et de transformation de la filière sont tous compétitifs....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51998

Pesticides Residues and Trade: the Apple of Discord?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; DeMaria,   Federica.
The impact of food safety standards on international trade has already been addressed. Generally, economists try to assess trade losses borne by exporters when importing countries impose stricter regulations. In this paper we assess the impact of the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears. Rather than focusing on a particular pesticide we take into account the entire list of substances set out by the various regulations with the aim is to understand how the similarity (or dissimilarity) of these can affect trade. Most studies assess the impact of sanitary standard regulations introducing directly in the analysis the MLR put in force in the importing country. We assume that what can be crucial is the difference in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Standards; Pesticides; MRL; Apple; Pear; Market access; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114445

EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE'S PRELIMINARY IMPOSITION OF TARIFFS ON  U.S. IMPORTS OF CANADIAN LIVE CATTLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.; Marsh,   John M.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Import tariffs; Cattle price effects; International Relations/Trade; D4; F1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29248

The Political and Economic Determinants of Trade Disputes under the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Fadiga-Stewart,   Leslie A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/25/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Democratization; System of government; Trade disputes; World Trade Organization (WTO); Economic strata; International Relations/Trade; P16; F13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19483

Third Country Effects of Price Discrimination: The Case of the Canadian Wheat Board
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Brewin,   Derek G.; White,   Martin.
This study considers whether the major concern with the behaviour of exporting state trading enterprises (STEs) should be the practice of price discrimination. Using a differentiated products world wheat model, the impacts of Canadian price discrimination on the welfare of competing exporters are considered. The results show that competing exporters could be better or worse off as result of price discrimination, but the impacts were small. Over a range of possible elasticities US producers were generally better off if North American arbitrage is assumed. Other wheat exporting regions could see their producer’s welfare change between 2 and -0.5%. Given these small impacts, the study suggests that explicit disciplines on discriminatory pricing exporting STEs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price discrimination; State trading enterprises; And trade negotiations; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7338

The Long-Run Impact of Energy Prices on World Agricultural Markets: The Role of Macro-Economic Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chantret,   Francois; Gohin,   Alexandre.
The world prices of food and energy products have followed similar large swings in recent years.  We investigate the long run relationship between these prices using a world Computable General Equilibrium model with detailed representations of food and energy markets.  Particular attention is paid to specify macro-economic linkages which have often been overlooked in recent analysis and debate.  We find that the omission of these macro-economic linkages has a substantial bearing on this relationship.  A positive relationship due to the cost push effect has been identified in most analysis, but we find that the introduction of the real income effect may indeed imply a negative relationship between world food and energy prices.  Accordingly, it is crucial to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Oil prices; Agricultural prices; Computable general equilibrium model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51560

Die Doha-Entwicklungsrunde: Gut oder schlecht für Entwicklungsländer?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monnich,   Christina.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97432

Trade and employment linkages in Indonesian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Oktaviani,   Rina.
Trade negotiators are concerned about the possible negative effects of trade liberalisation on employment in specific sectors. The agricultural sector has characteristics that make it different from industrial or service sectors. These are an informal labour force, low productivity, relative absence of regulations and a tie to land. These characteristics help the sector adjust to trade shocks. In this application, a global computable general equilibrium model is used to determine trade shocks that are passed to a single country general equilibrium model to analyse employment and wage effects for four skills levels in Indonesian agriculture. Employment tends to move with output in the primary agricultural sector where capital-labour substitution is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Agriculture; Trade; Employment; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F16; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100724

THE DILEMMA OF SAFER AND FREER TRADE: THE CASE OF THE U.S. NURSERY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.; VanSickle,   John J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15672

MEXICO-U.S. AVOCADO TRADE EXPANSION DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   Robert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16942

SOYBEAN TRADER: A MICROCOMPUTER SIMULATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Brown,   Earl H.; Levins,   Richard A.
Soybean Trader is a microcomputer simulation of international grain trading. The program uses the format of a graphics-oriented game to teach basic economic principles and to stimulate interest in agricultural trade. Profits from trading serve as a score, and competition is encouraged by ranking top scores in Trader's Hall of Fame. Results of tests with adult and youth audiences indicated that the program is an interesting and effective teaching tool.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29713

Modelling Interregional Trade of Energy Crops in Eastern Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khachatryan,   N.; Zeller,   Heiko; Haring,   Anna Maria; Khachatryan,   Armen.
Renewable resources gain in importance in our modern society. The line of reasoning is based on their positive effects on agriculture, the environment and the economy. To support renewable energy from biomass the EU promotes the cultivation of energy crops. A spatial equilibrium model is applied based on the concept of maximizing net welfare, to provide information whether energy crop production competes with food production for land area. The Model of Interregional Trade of Energy Crops (ITEC) refers to Eastern Germany and adjacent areas of Poland. First results show that the regions have enough feedstocks to meet the required demand for food and biofuel production. In many cases both food crops and biofuels are either traded on interregional basis or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy crops; Spatial equilibrium analysis; Interregional trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44121

Special and Differential Treatment in the GATT: A Pyrrhic Victory for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christie,   Andrew.
Preferential measures for developing countries implemented within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade failed to achieve their purported goal of facilitating economic development; this failure was due to their weak theoretical underpinnings and poor policy design. Not only were the demands developing countries made for discriminatory preferences largely ineffectual, their demands for preferential treatment, together with their forgoing full participation in the multilateral trading system, fundamentally reduced the obligation of developed countries to consider the interests of developing countries in future negotiation rounds. Thus the winning of preferences was rendered a pyrrhic victory for developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Trade liberalization; GATT; Special and differential treatment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55900

THE MEXICAN SWEETENERS MARKET AND SUGAR EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andino,   Jose; Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
This study analyzes the effect of a potential increase in sugar imports from Mexico on the U.S. sugar price, and its consequences for producers and consumers.  Additional sugar imports would cause a substantial reduction of sugar prices in the United States and consequently an increase in consumption.  Due to low commodity prices, acreage and total production of beet and cane sugar in the United States are expected to fall.  Under these circumstances, social welfare in the United States may increase; however, welfare benefits may go to food processors rather than consumer households.  By contrast, increases in sugar imports would substantially hurt sugar beet and cane producers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mexican Sugar; HFCS; NAFTA; U.S. Sugar; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23490

Has Country of Origin Labeling Influenced Salmon Consumption?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wozniak,   Shawn J.
Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL) legislation for fish and shellfish was passed as part of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002. Farm-raised and wild-caught seafood items caught after December 4, 2004, began COOL in April 4, 2005. COOL requires retailers to display the country of origin on seafood. Using a nonlinear AIDS model the demand for 3 salmon products was estimate--precooked, uncooked fresh, and uncooked frozen. COOL had no significant impact on consumer demand for the three products. The 3 salmon products were all found to be inelastic, but uncooked fresh was found to be more price sensitive than precooked and uncooked frozen salmon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103098

IMPACT OF DAIRY PRODUCT IMPORTS ON U.S. MILK PRICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Fallert,   Richard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13990

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

Regional Trade Agreements and U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Regional trade agreements (RTA's) have become a fixture in the global trade arena. Their advocates contend that RTA's can serve as building blocks for multilateral trade liberalization. Their opponents argue that these trade pacts will divert trade from more efficient nonmember producing countries. U.S. agriculture can benefit from participating in RTA's and may lose when it does not. Agriculture is an important source of potential U.S. gains from RTA's. While the United States, as a global trader with diverse trade partners, can gain potentially more from global free trade than from RTA's, many recent RTA's have been more comprehensive in their liberalization of agricultural trade liberalization than the Uruguay Round. A strong multilateral process can...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33979

Trade Liberalization in the South African Livestock Industry: implications for rural development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oyewumi,   Olubukola Ayodeju; Jooste,   Andre; Britz,   Wolfgang; van Schalkwyk,   Herman D.
Livestock farming is an important facet of agriculture and livelihood in South Africa. It forms the essence of rural agriculture contributing food, socio-economic stability, employment and income. After the liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms South Africa introduced a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. A partial equilibrium comparative static model was used to investigate the impact of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios. Specific emphasis was given to the liberalization of the current TRQ regime. The implication of the results are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51997

Rent Seeking and the Common Agricultural Policy: Do member countries free ride on lobbying?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Furtan,   William Hartley; Jensen,   Maria Skovager; Sauer,   Johannes.
The Common Agricultural Policy is modelled as a club good providing the European Union (EU) farmer with financial benefits. We build an economic model which explains how much farmers in individual EU countries invest in rent-seeking activities in order to test for free-riding behaviour on lobbying costs. For our investigation we group the EU member countries by farm structure, and the type of benefit received. We explain the fees paid by farmers for lobbying by other countries fees, political variables, and country and regional agricultural characteristics. The model shows that some member countries free ride on others. This suggests a form of policy path dependency and leads to a suboptimal investment on lobbying of 7.5%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Free-riding; Rent-seeking; Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; D72; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6600

CHALLENGES IN MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Meyers,   William H.
Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on the modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of the models, the calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, the representation of the reform agreement, the use of extra-model information, the choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18622

Economics and agricultural market impacts of growing biofuel production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Lampe,   Martin.
This paper analyses the economics of biofuel production and the implications that the accelerating growth in biofuel production in many countries could have on agricultural markets. It shows that production costs of ethanol and biodiesel differ significantly across countries and feedstock crops. These costs often exceed those of fossil fuels. In consequence, the economics of biofuel production depends on public support in most countries. Similarly, land requirements for crops required to enable significant shares of biofuel production in transport fuel consumption are shown to be substantial in many countries given current technologies. An expected growth in biofuel production is, therefore, likely to have a significant increasing impact on world prices...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Production costs; Resource requirements; Agricultural market impacts; Biofuel policies; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96747

Implications of Immigration Policies for the U.S. Farm Sector and Workforce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Luckstead,   Jeff.
We develop a theoretical model using migration and trade theory to examine the effects of domestic and border enforcement policies on unauthorized workers and the U.S. agricultural sector.  The theoretical results show that heightened immigration policies increase the illegal farm wage rate, and reduce the employment of unauthorized farm workers and exports.  The empirical analysis show that increased domestic enforcements curtail the number of undocumented farm workers by an average of 8947 and commodity exports to Mexico by an average of $180 million.  The tighter border control curbs illegal farm workers by 8147 and reduces farm exports by $181 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Exports; Immigration; Labor; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F160.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61482

Effects of exchange rate and trade policies on agriculture in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Valdes,   Alberto.
This report on Pakistan is one of a series of country studies undertaken by the International Trade and Food Security Program are IFPRI on trade and macroeconomic policies. Other studies in this series include research reports on Colombia, Argentina, Nigeria, Zaire, and the Philippines, and collaborative work with the World Bank on this tonic in several other countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.  The findings from this research have vividly shown the need to analyze the effects of policy interventions in agriculture in developing countries in an economic-wide framework. There is now an overwhelming body of evidence showing that trade and exchange rate policies have, in most countries, had a far greater impact, generally adverse, on agricultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Produce trade; Government policy; Pakistan; Agriculture prices; Foreign exchange problem; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42161

Quality Choice, Competition and Vertical Relationship in a Market of Protected Designation of Origin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouamra-Mechemache,   Zohra; Yu,   Jianyu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114264

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND THE WORK OF THE WTO COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Londono,   Nestor Osorio.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14611

A Typical Scene: Five Exposures to Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
Over the past decade, I have been involved with an “Exposure and Dialogue Program” (EDP), which literally exposes analysts and policy makers to the lived reality of poor women’s lives by getting them to spend a few days experiencing that life. After each EDP, participants are encouraged to write up their experiences in the form of “personal” and “technical” notes. This compendium brings together the personal notes I did for my five exposures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exposures to Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48921

Der Markt für Wein
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Dieter.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96745

Impact of efficient refuge policies for Bt cotton in India on world cotton trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singla,   Rohit; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Misra,   Sukant K.
India is a major cotton producing country in the world along with the U.S. and China. A change in the supply of and demand for cotton in the Indian market has the potential to have an impact on world cotton trade. This study evaluates the implications of efficient Bt cotton refuge policies in India on world and U.S. cotton markets. It can be hypothesized that increased refuge requirements for Bt cotton varieties in India could decrease the world supply of cotton because of the lower yield potential of non-Bt cotton varieties planted in refuges. A decrease in world cotton supply could potentially raise world cotton prices, ceteris paribus.    This study conceptualizes the impact of efficient refuges in India on world cotton markets by using a partial...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Bt Cotton; Trade; Refuge policies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61466

Stronger Canadian Dollar Puts Pressure on Canada's Pork Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Mildred M.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123997

Shipping the good beef out: EU trade liberalization to Mercosur exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos,   Maria Priscila; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Salvatici,   Luca.
The European Union tariff schedule includes a large number of specific and composite tariffs as well as many tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which affect the composition of imports. By altering price ratios between products with different unit values, both can generate the typical Alchian-Allen ’shipping the good apples out’ effect in foreign countries’ exports to the EU. Different patterns of trade liberalization, either through tariff reduction or an expansion in preferential-access quotas, might have different consequences for producers and consumers because of changes in the composition of trade. We illustrate the issues at stake in the beef sector, focusing on Mercosur exports to the EU. We model import demand for different qualities in the presence of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mercosur; European Union; Quality; Trade; Tariff; Tariff-rate quota; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F13; F15; F17; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7215

Impact of Market Access Reforms On the Canadian Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hacault,   Anastasie; Rude,   James; Carlberg,   Jared G.
The World Trade Organization's (WTO) latest round of negotiations, the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), will likely change the way most agricultural products are traded around the world. These new liberalization policies will potentially affect the Canadian production and consumption of dairy products. This paper uses a partial equilibrium model with stochastic world prices to evaluate the effects of these trade reforms on the Canadian dairy industry. Different liberalization scenarios are simulated and the outcomes are analyzed and discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; C30 D50 F14 Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61648

Economic Analysis of the Liberalization of Red Meat Markets in the Pacific Region from 1988 to 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charlebois,   Pierre; Gagne,   Stephan; Gendron,   Carole.
The liberalization of red meat (beef and pork) markets since 1988 is a good example of government action that has led to significant gains for the Canadian and American agri-food industries. Japan, South Korea and Mexico are the main countries that have liberalized their red meat markets since 1988. This industry has also benefited from the agreement between Canada and the United States. It has also made gain from the liberalization of the pork market in Australia and the Philippines, and the beef market in Indonesia.  This analysis captures the impact on the price received by farmers as well as on Canadian production in the absence of these increased market access. The combination of lower prices and lower production would have caused annual average...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Benefits; Red meats; Pork; Beef; Japan; Korea; Mexico; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47133

U.S. --MEXICO FOOD SYSTEMS AND THE TOMATO TRADE DISPUTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almonte-Alvarez,   Jaime; Conley,   Dennis M.
Mexican produce exports into the U.S. increased considerably during the latter months of 1995 and the first nine months of 1996.  Because of these increased imports, Florida tomato growers requested the executive branch of the U.S. government and Congress to put into effect seven trade protection measures to reduce or stop fresh tomato imports from Mexico.  This study was carried out to determine if the United State Department of Commerce (USDOC) and the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) found valid and reliable indications that the tomato industry in the U.S. was materially injured by imports from Mexico.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34336

The World Agricultural Trade Simulation System WATSIM: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Lampe,   Martin.
This paper presents a general overview on the World Agricultural Trade Simulation System WATSIM, the international trade modelling system of the Institute for Agricultural Policy at Bonn University. The system consists of two submodels, dealing with two major aspects of agricultural world markets: In the medium term the impacts of changes in agricultural policies on regional and international markets are of major interest and hence are stressed in the Medium-Term Policy Simulation Model. Developments in natural and socio–economic variables become even more important for supply and demand of agricultural products in the longer run, depicted in the Long-Term Shift Factor Simulation Model. Before presenting the features of the two sub-models, the main...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18788

ANALYSIS OF U.S. RICE POLICY IN A GLOBAL STOCHASTIC FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Eddie C.; Wailes,   Eric J.
Replaced with revised version of paper 04/13/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Government payments; Stochastic analysis; Deterministic analysis; Rice trade; Empirical distribution; Arkansas Global Rice Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98846

Organic Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings From a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha; Gezahegn,   Ayele.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing the ways in which information and knowledge are used by smallholders. While this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector from an innovation systems perspective to understand the changing roles, responsibilities, and interactions of diverse actors in relation to smallholder livelihoods. The paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research tools to paint a picture of the innovation landscape at both the system and local levels....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural development; Innovation; Technology; Social networks; Social learning; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52096

DISCUSSION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE NAFTA FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schildroth,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16830

Cereal price instability in Ethiopia: An examination of sources and policy options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahidur,   Rashid; Meron,   Assefa.
Managing food price instability is a long standing policy challenge, which, with mixed experiences of agricultural price policy reforms, has re-emerged as a contemporary policy issue. This is particularly true for Ethiopia, where managing food price stability continues to be a formidable policy challenge. The objective of this paper is to examine the underlying causes of cereal price instabilities and to assess the policy options to manage them. It undertakes three tasks: (a) analyzes the sources and degree of cereal price instability, (b) discusses the viability of various policy options, and (c) critically reviews the country’s past, ongoing, and emerging policies for food price stabilization. The results show that the determinants of price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Policy; Price instability; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51999

THE U.S. CANE AND BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY UNDER ALTERNATIVE TRADE LIBERALIZATION POLICY OPTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
The objective of this study is to analyze major issues the U.S. sugar industry is facing or will face in the near future and the impacts of alternative trade liberalization policies in the United States and the European Union (EU) on the U.S. sugar industry. Special attention is given to regional competitiveness in sugar production in the United States. A global sugar policy simulation model was used for this study. This study indicates that most sugar producing regions may be able to survive at current costs and asset values if both the United States and the EU liberalize their sugar trade, while sugar subsidies remain in other countries. However, if only the United States eliminates its sugar programs, all U.S. sugar producing regions would be threatened.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugarbeet; Sugarcane; Loan rates; Import liberalization; Sugar price; Caribbean sugar price; High fructose corn syrup; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23404

Enlargement of the European Union: A movement towards the optimal trade bloc size?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.
This paper analyses how the enlargement of a trade bloc will affect national welfare.  We establish a partial equilibrium model of a trade bloc either operating as a monopoly  with a competitive fringe or facing a duopolistic game in production taxes/subsidies.  Given this framework, we demonstrate how member countries’ welfare effects depend  on their trade flow and the market power of the trade bloc. A numerical estimation of  the effects of EU enlargement on the major grain crop markets suggests that welfare  effects are negligible. Economic reasons are therefore unlikely to be a motivating force  for further enlargement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalisation; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D42; F11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58061

DETERMINING BILATERAL TRADE PATTERNS USING A DYNAMIC GRAVITY EQUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   MinKyoung; Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
Using a dynamic gravity equation, we show that the national product differentiation model explains food and agricultural trade more properly, while the product differentiation model is more appropriate to explain large-scale manufacturing trade.  In this context, our result is not consistent with the one found by Head and Ries (2001) in the short-run.  The intuitive explanation for this result is that inward foreign direct investment can occur through either merger or acquisition in the short-run.  Second, the pattern of bilateral trade could quickly adjust to changes in relative income between countries.  Furthermore, we illustrate the positive impacts of world income growth on bilateral trade, which is in sharp contrast with the conventional analysis....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dynamic gravity equation; National product differentiation; Product differentiation; World income growth; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23538

BACKGROUND AND EXTREME ALTERNATIVES IN FOREIGN POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Wallace E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1951
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17367

WTO Discipline and the CAP: the Constraints on the EU Sugar Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gohin,   Alexandre; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe.
The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are inconsistent with each other. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between sugar production under quota and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii / the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit crosssubsidy between in-quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of the EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; Sugar; General equilibrium models; WTO; International Relations/Trade; D58; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18872

Implications of World Trade Organisation accession for China’s agricultural trade patterns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Li,   Xianghong.
This paper examines the composition of China’s international trade from 1980 to 1997, with a focus on agriculture and a view towards understanding agriculture’s changing trade structure relative to other sectors. We analyse the time series behaviour of individually traded goods at the Standard Industrial Trade Classification three‐digit level, categorised into three groups: agricultural commodities, ‘other’ primary commodities and manufactures. We find that China’s agricultural trade has expanded along comparative advantage lines in only a very modest way, suggesting that World Trade Organization membership will have a large impact on China’s agricultural trade patterns.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118996

US INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION RELEASES NEW MPC STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Kenneth W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18847

Are Disciplines Required on Domestic Support?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David.
The impact of domestic support on trade is likely to become an increasingly important issue in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. Domestic support expenditures are increasing and existing disciplines on forms and levels of support are weak. While a shift from market price support to output subsidies should be less trade distorting, such support may not be minimally distorting as required under the so-called “green-box” criteria. Proposals submitted by WTO members could further expand permissible support measures and weaken disciplines on their use. In some cases, most notably support provided in pursuit of environmental objectives, there may be a contradiction between the aims of support measures and the requirement that these should be minimally trade...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic support; Green box; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23857

WTO Constraints on U.S. and EU Domestic Support in Agriculture: The October 2005 Proposals: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "WTO Constraints on U.S. and EU Domestic Support in Agriculture: The October 2005 Proposals" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23826

A DYNAMIC IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS OF HONDURAN COFFEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andino,   Jose; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
The responsiveness of import demand for Honduran coffee to changing economic environments in its main trading partners was studied.  Estimation included Johansen cointegration analysis and VAR models with Monte Carlo simulated error bands.  Results indicate a significant response of Honduran coffee sales to changes in importers' incomes and import prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34734

MARKET SEGMENTATION: IDENTIFYING THE HIGH-GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS FOR U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reed,   Michael R.; Salvacruz,   Joseph C.
A cluster analysis based on a five-year growth rate of agricultural imports from the United States was conducted on 86 countries and revealed two significant market segments for U.S. agriculture: the high-growth markets and the low-growth markets.  Multiple discriminant analysis was then used to test the significance of the countries' trade-related and macroeconomic variables to their market growth classification.  The discriminant function was used to predict the high-growth markets for U.S. agriculture in 1994.  High-growth markets for U.S. agriculture exhibit faster GDP and agricultural import growth rates, are relatively agriculturally self-sufficient, and are near the United States.  On the other hand, low-growth markets exhibit slower GDP and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26644

Agricultural Trade and Freshwater Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reimer,   Jeffrey J.
Approximately 75% of all water used by humans goes towards food production, much of which is traded internationally.  This study formally models how this works in the case of crop agriculture, making use of recent advances in international trade theory and new data on the productivity by which countries use water for crop agriculture.  The strength of the model lies in its ability to predict, when there is a shock to the system, how trade between pairs of specific countries changes for products that use water intensively.  In one application of the model, international trade in final products is shown to be a means for countries to deal with short- and long-run shocks to water resources that are too big for one country to handle by itself in isolation.  In...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Simulation; Trade liberalization; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F11; F18; Q25; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123944

THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: THE COTTON PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations could have important implications for Southern Agriculture.  This paper explores some of the issues surrounding the WTO negotiations for cotton.  Specifically, this paper examines the impacts of the phase-out of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) on the location of textile production and cotton trade flows. Generally, it is believed that the WTO negotiations will have little direct impact on cotton, but will have indirect impacts through textile policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton; WTO; Trade; Textiles; MFA; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15804

POTENTIAL FOR DAIRY PRODUCT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suber,   Thomas M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33236

Growth in Agricultural Productivity Limits Price Increases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kassel,   Kathleen; MacDonald,   James M.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124045

U.S. Dairy Trade: Situtation and Outlook, 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
U.S. diary exports rose from 2005 to 2006, lessening the deficit between dairy imports and exports.  This paper discusses the products that contributed most to the increase in exportation, and anticipates further gains in 2007.  The paper goes on to discuss the WTO trade agreement stall and the problems that will be faced when President Bush’s fast-track negotiations end in July, 2007.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Diary Exports; U.S. Trade Agreements; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37333

NONCOMPETITIVE PRICING AND EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH IN SELECTED U.S. AND THAI RICE MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yumkella,   Kandeh K.; Unnevehr,   Laurian J.; Garcia,   Philip.
A "pricing to market" international trade model is applied to U.S. and Thai rice exports to high and middle income countries that are continuous rice importers.  These markets are characterized by strong quality preferences and highly inelastic demand, and thus exporters may exercise market power.  Evidence of noncompetitive pricing either through price discrimination across destinations or through imperfect exchange rate pass-through is found in this small but growing segment of the international rice trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Imperfect competition; International trade; Rice; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15183

COMPETITION AND PROFITABILITY ADJUSTMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND CONSUMER PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acheampong,   Yvonne J.; Epperson,   James E.; Park,   Timothy A.; Gunter,   Lewell F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27941

EMERGING ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper outlines emerging issues in agricultural trade and the environment.  Its intent is to provoke discussion, rather than to capture all of the issues and details that merit analysis.  It focuses primarily on "micro" issues rather than global issues such as green house gas emissions or biodiversity, although these are in many respects simply the aggregation of questions that must be resolved by changes in practices and incentives at the farm level.  It begins with a description of the stylized facts of trade-environment interactions, arguing that the widely cited "Kuznets function" underscores our ignorance concerning the mechanisms linking growth, trade, and pollution.  Especially in agriculture, there is evidence that market and government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14383

PROFILES OF TARIFFS IN GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   Paul R.; Wainio,   John; Whitley,   Daniel B.; Bohman,   Mary.
High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. The large differences in average tariffs across countries make it possible for farmers in one country to benefit from tariff protection while farmers in other countries lose income because of lower prices resulting from those tariffs. This report provides the first comprehensive analysis of agricultural tariffs and tariff-rate quotas (limits on imported goods) across a large number of countries and commodities and finds that high average tariffs create barriers to markets for U.S. and other farmers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Market access; Megatariffs; Tariff profiles; Over-quota tariffs; In-quota tariffs; Tariff-rate quotas; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34055

Restrições comerciais ao complexo de soja brasileiro: estudo dos impactos dos subsídios dos Estados Unidos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Besarria,   Cassio da Nobrega; Maia,   Sinezio Fernandes.
This study objective at investigating the Brazilian soybean complex in the period 1990 to 2006, using the theoretical model of Brander-Spencer (1984) and the instrument of strategies based on game theory. The methodology used to estimate the payoffs of the game between Brazil and the United States was the model of vector autoregression (VAR). The analysis of oligopoly, this paper will be based on the Cournot model. For the Cournot model firms produce homogeneous goods and each one considers a fixed level of production of its competitor. It was possible to measure and analyze, through non-cooperative games, the strategic decisions of Brazil to the choices facing the United States, highlighting the reaction function for the sector on soya. The results...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Game theory; Subsidy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95064

Impacts of Export Controls On Wheat Markets During the Food Crisis 2007/2008 in Russia and Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Linde; Glauben,   Thomas; Brümmer,   Bernhard.
This paper investigates the impacts of export controls in Russia and Ukraine on wheat world market price transmission during the 2007/2008 global food crisis. Russia and Ukraine aimed to reduce wheat exports induced by extraordinarily high world market prices to secure sufficient wheat supply on the domestic markets. Utilizing a Markov-Switching vector error correction model (MSVECM), we find that the temporary export restrictions induced negative effects on wheat markets in Russia and Ukraine. Although instability increased on the world markets itself, we have shown that the increase in the market instability was particularly pronounced in Russia and Ukraine. Also, the export restrictions dampened price transmission to the farmers’ prices, which pushed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International price transmission; Wheat market; Food crisis; Markov switching error correction model; Russia; Ukraine; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61626

CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO: O IMPACTO DA PRODUTIVIDADE NOS RESULTADOS DA CAFEICULTURA NAS PRINCIPAIS REGIÕES PRODUTORAS DO BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lima,   Andre Luis Ribeiro; Reis,   Ricardo Pereira; Andrade,   Fabricio Teixeira de; Castro Junior,   Luiz Gonzaga de; Faria,   Jessica Mota.
Dentre os produtos agrícolas exportados pelo Brasil, o café mantém seu destaque. Esta cultura é representativa para o saldo positivo da balança comercial brasileira e também na geração de empregos, principalmente os diretos, os quais contribuem significativamente com a fixação do trabalhador no meio rural. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de estimar os custos de produção de café nos estados de Minas Gerais, Paraná, Espírito Santo e São Paulo e mensurar o impacto da produtividade no resultado financeiro de propriedades cafeeiras. O custo de produção é uma informação financeira fundamental para a avaliação do desempenho do negócio café. Os custos são medidas monetárias ligadas diretamente ao processo produtivo, ou seja, a aplicação de recursos na produção de...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Custos de Produção; Café; Produtividade; Production Costs; Coffee; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113374

AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE URUGUAY ROUND: INTO FINAL BATTLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17229

An Analysis of Latin American Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Dae-Seob; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The U.S. export share in the world peanut market has decreased due to heavy competition.  In this paper, the Latin American peanut industry is modeled using seemingly unrelated regression (SUR).  Based on these estimations, a scenario analysis was conducted.  The results show that the Latin American demand is not affected dramatically by either domestic of world price shocks.  The effects of price changes on net trade are noticeable.  However, the world price does not significantly affect the Latin American peanut supply.  The results imply that Latin American peanut farmers are more sensitive to changes in domestic prices than world price changes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Latin America; Peanuts; Scenario analysis; SUR; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43744

The Effect of Liberalization on Grain Prices and Marketing Margins in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Negassa,   Asfaw; Myers,   Robert J.
This report analyzes the effects of grain market reform in Ethiopia on grain prices and price spreads between major wholesale markets. The experience of Ethiopia during the 1990s represents a case in which a relatively consistent and internally-driven program of grain market liberalization has been pursued with the general approval of international lenders and donors. The state marketing board, while not abolished, has been substantially downsized and has become a marginal actor in the current grain marketing system. Hence, the case of Ethiopia between 1990 and 1997 may constitute a particularly important test of the hypothesis expressed by reform advocates that the removal of regulatory constraints on private trade and the transition to a market-oriented...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Grain market reform; Ethiopia; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008 - July 2009: 37; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54681

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Nazneen; Bakht,   Zaid; Dorosh,   Paul A.; Shahabuddin,   Quazi.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48481

An Approach to Modeling Macroeconomic Linkages in Trade Models: With an Application to Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McTaggart,   Douglas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50644

Trade costs and the pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: evidence from five EU countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardamone,   Paola; Scoppola,   Margherita.
According to the theoretical models of the multinational enterprise, trade costs play a fundamental role in determining the pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of trade policies on the outward stocks of FDI of the EU. We estimate a model based on the knowledge-capital theory of the multinational enterprise over the period 1995-2008 by using a sample of five EU countries and 26 partner countries. We consider, first, manufacturing sector as a whole and, then, six manufacturing industries defined at the two-digit level of the NACE classification. Explanatory variables include an index of applied bilateral tariffs and a dummy to capture the presence of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). From an...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: FDI; Trade protection; Knowledge-capital model; Dynamic panel data; International Relations/Trade; F15; F21; F23; C33.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123993

Learning to Make the Markets Work in a Newly Opened Economy: The Mexican Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Casco,   Andres.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50808

TRADE AND INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sorenson,   Vernon L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1968
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17862

IMPROVING MARKET ACCESS: ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boonekamp,   Loek.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33084

THE PROBLEMS AND PITFALLS IN MODELING INTERNATIONAL DAIRY TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Lariviere,   Sylvain.
Contact for this paper:  Dr. Karl Meilke, Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.  The international dairy sector is one of the most heavily protected commodity sectors in agriculture.  Following the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade liberalization all nontariff barriers to trade were converted, through the process of tariffication, into tariffs.  However, in the dairy sector, the border measure most commonly adopted by developed countries was a system of tariff rate quotas.  Tariff rate quotas are two-tiered tariffs which allow a small quantity of the product to be imported at a low or zero tariff, while quantities above the minimum access amount are charged much higher and often prohibitive tariffs. Tariff...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14579

NAFTA Impacts on the U.S. Competitiveness and Trade: Beef, Pork, and Poultry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari; Mutondo,   Joao E.
The restricted source differentiated almost ideal demand system (RSDAIDS) is used to estimate source differentiated meat demand for U.S. NAFTA partners. In the Canadian meat market, the estimated price and expenditure elasticities indicate that Canadian beef has a competitive advantage compared to U.S. beef, while U.S. pork has a competitive advantage compared to Canadian pork. In the Mexican meat market, the estimated expenditure elasticities indicate that an increase in Mexican meat expenditures would lead to an increase in the demand for meats from all sources. Seasonality and Canadian and U.S. BSE outbreaks had small impacts on Canadian and Mexican meat demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: AIDS; BSE impacts; Competitive advantage; Canadian meat demand; Mexican meat demand; Source differentiation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9793

The Rise and Fall of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cebi,   Pinar; Ludema,   Rodney.
The United States and other industrialized countries were once strong proponents of generalized, unconditional Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment as a fundamental GATT rule. Today that support is much diminished, and industrialized countries routinely adopt policies that circumvent MFN. This paper develops a model of multilateral trade negotiations to illustrate some of the trade-offs large countries face in adopting MFN and how these trade-offs may change over time. Two large countries (the North) negotiate a trade agreement with each other and with a continuum of smaller countries (the South). Under unconditional MFN, northern tariff reductions must be extended to all southern countries regardless of whether or not the southern countries agree to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15853

The Michigan State University Agriculture Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shagam,   Shayle D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50636

Der Markt für Wein
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Dieter.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97386

Impacts of Exchange Rate Volatility on the U.S. Cotton Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bajpai,   Siddharth; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
A structural time series approach utilizing the state space model is used to analyze the impact of exchange rate volatility on the bilateral U.S. cotton exports to major export destinations. An EGARCH (Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model with normal and non-normal errors is used to estimate the volatility of exchange rate. Monthly data from 1995 to 2006 is utilized for the analysis. The results indicate a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and U.S. cotton exports for most countries. The stochastic process governing the U.S. cotton exports to different countries is found to be permanent as well as transitory. The results support the view that the impact of exchange rate volatility can be better...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6849

WHEAT IMPORT DEMAND IN THE JAPANESE FLOUR MILLING INDUSTRY: A PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mao,   Weining; Koo,   Won W.; Suomala,   Jon P.; Sakurai,   Takeshi.
The translog cost function is used to analyze import demand for wheat differentiated by class and country of origin in the Japanese wheat flour milling industry.  Results indicate that U.S. wheat faces strong competition in the Japanese wheat market, but its multiple classes and end-use characteristics enable the United States to preserve the largest market share in Japan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Import demand; Japan; Wheat; Production theory; Translog cost function; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23089

Lessons Learned From the NAFTA: A U.S. Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodloe,   Carol.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50811

ISSUES IN REFORMING TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Abbott,   Philip C.; Barichello,   Richard R.; Boughner,   Devry S.; Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Choi,   Jung-Sup; Coleman,   Jonathan R.; Herrmann,   Roland; Kramb,   Marc Christopher; Sheldon,   Ian M.; Liapis,   Peter S.; MacLaren,   Donald; Moennich,   Christina; Morse,   B. Adair; Skully,   David W.; Sumner,   Daniel A.; Tangermann,   Stefan.
Contents:  The Economics of Tariff Rate Quotas and the Effects of Trade Liberalization; TRQs and GATT Rules; An Overview of Tariffs, Quotas and Imports Worldwide; TRQs in the European Union; U.S. TRQs for Sugar, Tobacco and Peanuts; Dairy TRQs in the United States; Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries; Management of Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan; Tariff Rate Quota Administration in Canadian Agriculture; The Case of Australia and New Zealand Facing TRQs; The 1999 WTO Panel Report on the EU's Common Market Organization for Bananas; Assessment
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14617

Is Protection for Sale in U.S. Food Industries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.; Hathie,   Ibrahima.
This article tests the Grossman-Helpman Protection for Sale model using panel data from U.S. food processing industries with endogenous protection, imports, and political organization of industries. The results support the key predictions of the model: organized industries are granted higher protection that decreases with import penetration and the price elasticity of imports, but in unorganized industries protection increases with import penetration. In spite of substantial differences in data sets and empirical procedures, the estimated weight on aggregate welfare is strikingly similar those found by Goldberg and Maggi (1999) and Gawande and Bandopadhyay (2000), implying that protection is not for sale in these industries. Furthermore, the presence of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade protection; Tariffs; Lobbying; Political economy; Food manufacturing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25182

Demand-driven and Cost Effective Production: What the Farmers Ought to know. A case of Local Chicken Enterprise in Masindi District-Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alum,   W.; Kanzikwera,   R.; Sanginga,   Pascal.
Most African communities depend on agriculture for both income generation and food security and yet farming has faced and is still confronted with a lot of production and market related hardships. Despite all these constraints, farmers are stuck on agriculture as it’s the only definite way of earning a living. The mistake farmers and other agricultural practitioners continuously make is to produce first and look for the market later. This is where buyers and the middle men in particular exploit and a conclusion is eventually made by the producer that,” there is no money in agriculture.” Farmers including those who want to reap from agriculture need to first change their attitudes towards it and secondly produce what the markets are demanding at particular...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52093

Preference erosion and the developing countries exports to the EU: a dynamic panel gravity approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raimondi,   Valentina; Scoppola,   Margherita; Olper,   Alessandro.
Since 2004 there has been a sharp decrease in border protection for the EU rice industry. Because the EU grants trade preferences to a considerable number of rice exporting developing countries, the reform implied preference erosion as well. By addressing the impact of preference erosion on developing countries rice exports to the EU, this paper contributes two original insights to the literature: first, by proposing a new empirical approach to compute the preference margin when tariff rate quotas are in force which is based on the assumption of the existence of fixed costs and economies of scale in international trade; second, by estimating the trade elasticities of preferences by means of a dynamic panel gravity equation to deal with the issues of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Preferences; Gravity Equation; Tariff Rate Quotas; EU Rice Policy; GMM; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; F14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103391

MODELING THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED IMPORTATION OF FRESH PRODUCE FROM EMERGING SUPPLY SOURCES TO THE UK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwebaze,   Paul; Monaghan,   J.; Revell,   Brian J.; Hare,   M.; MacLeod,   Alan; Spence,   N.
The risk of non-indigenous pests entering the UK via international trade in fresh produce is increasing. Suppliers of fresh produce to UK and EU multiple retailers are utilising new procurement areas for fresh produce importation to reduce their costs of production. The objective of this paper is to identify current and future supply sources for UK fresh produce importers and examine the extent to which they provide invasion pathways. The hypothesis that increased importation of fresh produce from new sources outside the EU could increase the risks of non-indigenous pests is tested in a bio-economic model in which the number of species detections per unit of imports is a function of the number of inspections per unit of imports and country of origin, while...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quarantine pests; Pathways; Trade.; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43963

Agricultural Implications of EU Eastern Enlargement and the Future of the CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50839

Agricultural Trade Flows among Developing Countries: Do Regional Preferential Trade Agreements make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tembo,   Gelson; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Regional integration through trade is recognized as one way to foster economic growth and poverty reduction. This paper uses the gravity model and 11-year panel data (1996-2006) on Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries to study Zambia’s regional agricultural trade flows and the impact of the SADC Trade Protocol (SADC-TP). Zambia’s volume of trade is significantly related to most of the standard gravity variables. The results indicate that Zambia has been largely trading below potential, especially with respect to exports. There have been improvements in Zambia’s trade flows during the SADC-TP period but only with a few countries. Further improvements will require re-examining protocol implementation and individual countries’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Regional trade; Gravity analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C51; F12; F14; F15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51733

A Discriminant Analysis of Factors Associated with The Adoption Of Certified Organic Farming By Smallholder Farmers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kisaka-Lwayo,   Maggie.
Discriminant analysis was used to identify the characteristics that distinguish between fully-certified organic, partially-certified organic and non-organic farmers in Umbumbulu district, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA) during October- November 2004. 200 farmers interviewed were drawn by purposively selecting the 151 members of the Ezemvelo Farmers’ Organisation (EFO), and by random sampling 49 non-organic farmers in wards neighbouring EFO. Results from the two estimated discriminant functions suggested that farmers with higher household sizes, incomes, input costs per hectare and number of chickens owned, locations further from innovators and less risk aversion were more likely to be certified as organic. Household location should be considered in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Organic; Discriminant Analysis; South Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52155

An Anatomy of Moroccan Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   NaiChia; Roe,   Terry L.; Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Morocco is engaged in a number of economic reforms to better position the country's integration into world markets. Her agricultural sector is particularly important as its trade, GDP, and employment share are relatively large. We analyze Morocco's agricultural trade growth trends over the past 40 years (1962 - 2004) using SITC 4-digit bilateral agricultural trade data. The data are analyzed using the trend and cycles decomposition (TCD) approach and measurement of trade growth at the intensive and extensive margin. We find a high concentration of agriculture trade in both commodities and trading partners. Morocco has also lost export shares in EU to other EU countries in her top exporting commodities. Another finding suggests that agricultural export...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9834

Government in the Process of Trade and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50653

The Intersection of Law and Trade in the WTO System: Economics and the Transition to a Hard Law System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Frederick M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50697

REFORM OF THE CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD: A “MADE IN CANADA” APPROACH TO MARKETING GRAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pedde,   Richard; Mirus,   Rolf.
The debate continues: whether or not single desk selling of Western Canadian grain provides the best return to producers. It is methodologically difficult to show that better returns may have been foregone in the past, yet the experience in Illinois suggests that, absent the CWB, farmers could also achieve worse results. While this battle – a battle that is in part ideological in nature – has been taking place, the world has moved forward and new services markets have evolved. There may indeed be $20 bills on the sidewalk that can be picked up by moving with the world – without, for the time being, abandoning the single desk. In this brief discussion paper we argue that the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) can improve its performance through increased recourse...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wheat board; Canada; Agriculture; Grain; Marketing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60433

Has trade liberalization in South Africa affected men and women differently?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurlow,   James.
Trade liberalization is a central part of South Africa’s post-Apartheid development strategy. However, despite considerable reforms, the country has failed to generate pro-poor growth, with both unemployment and inequality worsening over the last ten years. This has raised concern that trade liberalization may have worked against the country’s development objectives. This study uses a dynamic general equilibrium and microsimulation model to assess the effects of trade liberalization on growth, employment and poverty in South Africa. More specifically, it examines how men and women have been affected differently and whether liberalization has contributed to the faster rise in female unemployment and poverty. The results suggest that trade policies have not...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55397

Structure, Coûts Des Transactions Et Integration Spatiale Des Marches Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Sedzro,   Kossi; Tossou,   Kokou A.; Yovo,   Koffi.
Le présent travail évalue d'une part la structure des coûts de transaction des principaux produits commercialisés au Togo (maïs, sorgho, oignon, gari, tomate, poisson, volaille et gros bétail), et d'autre part le niveau de l'intégration du marché de maïs qui est devenu le produit dominant dans le système de production, de consommation et de commercialisation au Togo. L'analyse des coûts de transaction réalisée à partir des données primaires a débouché sur le constat global que les coûts de transport représentent le facteur le plus déterminant dans les coûts de transaction. L'analyse de l'intégration du marché de maïs réalisée au moyen de la technique de co-intégration et du modèle de Ravallion appliqués sur des séries de prix a permis de dresser trois...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marche; Couts transaction; Integration; Co-integration; Securite alimentaire; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52187

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELING--A COOL UPDATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: VanSickle,   John J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15681

Food Safety, the Environment, and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zilberman,   David; Hochman,   Gal; Sexton,   Steven E.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48637

U.S. Canadian Agricultural Trade Conflicts: Time for a New Paradigm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
Relations in cattle and beef trade between Canada and the United States have been tense in the past few years, despite the fact that few barriers to trade remain and that the markets are well integrated. The antidumping and countervailing duty suits brought by a group of U.S. ranchers against imports of Canadian live cattle are likely to be unproductive in facilitating the resolution of remaining issues between the industries. The Canadian and U.S. cattle and beef industries have numerous cooperative interests that provide a basis for a binational commodity group. Alternative methods of resolving trade disputes merit investigation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canadian cattle industry; Cattle and beef trade; Dispute resolution; NAFTA; Trade remedy law; U.S. cattle industry; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23833

The New Food Safety Regime in the US: How Will it Affect Canadian Competitiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakuja,   Tekuni; Akhand,   M.; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) which was signed into law in January, 2011 represents a major initiative to improve food safety in the US. The legislation mandates the US Food and Drug Administration with developing a regulatory system to implement the Act. As yet, the full effect of the Act cannot be evaluated because the regulatory requirements are yet to be developed. There is little doubt, however, that those firms, both domestic and foreign, that wish to supply US consumers with food will face a considerable increase in regulatory costs.  This paper outlines the major requirements of the FSMA and suggests how the regulatory burden may fall on foreign versus US domestic suppliers. Areas where Canadian firms may be disadvantaged relative to US...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Food safety; Regulatory burden; SPS; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116847

Suggestions for a Research Agenda in Modeling Trade Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50642

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Adjustment in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.
Agricultural trade liberalization offers the possibility of substantial income gains and poverty reduction in the developing world. For those gains to be realized, institutional innovations and realizations of export opportunities are crucial. Adjustment policies to foster gains from trade include initiatives to compensate losers, institutional reforms to integrate into the global trading system, and policies which facilitate resource reallocations and especially enhance investment activity, both foreign and domestic. Much can be learned from experience with structural adjustment reforms, in which substantial trade liberalization by developing countries was accompanied by numerous other reforms when successful. Agriculture is important in reforms because...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade liberalization; Developing countries; Structural adjustment; Institutional innovation; Good governance; Investment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15731

"Waiting for Godot" or Riding the Orient Express? Trade Negotiations and the Global Audience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Interest in the Doha Round appears to be waning among those who should be its major stakeholders. While the negotiations are still interesting to trade policy professionals, the apparently endless negotiations and increasingly trivial nature of any progress that is announced – at least from the perspective of the business community and others in civil society with an interest in trade policy – may be detrimental to the future effectiveness of the WTO. While officials and trade policy professionals continue to suggest that it is business as usual at the negotiations, stakeholders are increasingly dissatisfied with this explanation. Those actively engaged in the process need to step back from the minutiae of the negotiations and consider the broader...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Pace of negotiations; Stakeholders; WTO; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37965

U.S. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: A DYNAMIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skripnitchenko,   Anatoliy; Koo,   Won W.
In this report, we apply a dynamic cost minimization model of U.S. foreign direct investment in food processing industries to nine Latin American countries.  Estimation of the first order condition (Euler equation) using a consistent rational expectation assumption showed that dynamic structure explains the investment process in food processing industries quite well.  U.S. food processors in Latin America are driven by the host country?s level of demand and by labor cost considerations.  They can adjust their investment position quickly.  We also quantified short and long-run effects of shocks to exogenous variables on foreign direct investment position.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Dynamic; Latin America; Adjustment costs; Processed food; Euler equation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23533

European Food Quality Policy: The Importance of Geographical Indications, Organic Certification and Food Quality Assurance Schemes in European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Tilman C.
In the early 1990s reform of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy led to a change in emphasis away from price into policies to promote rural development, in part through improvements to food quality. Geographic indicators are only one of a range of EU policies designed to foster these goals. Geographic indicators are put within the context of the wider quality enhancement policies that include quality assurance schemes and organic production. There appears to be considerable regional differences within the EU when it comes to the use of the various quality-enhancing policies available. The member states of the EU can be grouped into four different clusters, each characterized by a different quality policy strategy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: European Union; Food quality; Geographic indicators; Regional differences; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48796

CHINA'S COTTON TRADE UNDER THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colby,   Hunter.
Speech and PowerPoint Presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33535

EU and developing countries: an analysis of preferential margins on agricultural trade flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cipollina,   Maria; Salvatici,   Luca.
The paper provides an analysis of the impact on trade of EU preferences in the agricultural sector. An explicit measure of the intensity of preference margins at the 6-digit tariff line level it is used. Moreover, the estimation framework takes into account the heterogeneity across exporters and products, as well as the potential selection bias implied by the presence of zero-trade flows. Preferences for agricultural products granted by the EU in 2004 are modeled by performing several regressions in order to compare the impact on different exporting countries and to highlight the contribution of different commodity groups. Even if the results confirm an overall positive impact of preferences on trade, significant differences emerge across products and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7219

AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' POLICY ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES FOR FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kastens,   Terry L.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
This study evaluates the attitudes of U.S. (Kansas) farmers regarding "free-trade" and "free-market" policy environments.  In contrast to earlier studies, non-specific policy attitudes are evaluated.  A direct measure of farm program benefits is also included.  Attitudes vary significantly with farm and operator characteristics.  Support for free trade was shown to decrease with education and experience, to increase for farms with relatively more rented land, and to increase as total farm wealth increased.  Support for free-trade was also higher for crop farms.  Farms receiving more government payments are less likely to favor a free-trade policy environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Producer attitudes; International trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15186

Meat Exports or Soybean Exports? An Iowa Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18319

Use of the single factoral terms of trade to analyse agricultural production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.
The aim in this note is to reintroduce the single factoral terms of trade into the policy arena. This economic concept has scarcely been used by analysts or policy makers over the past three decades. It is defined and compared favourably with other terms of trade concepts in terms of their usefulness to agricultural policy makers in Australia. A distinction is made between the single factoral terms of trade from the viewpoint of the farm business and from the viewpoint of the farm household, but only slightly different indices are specified in each case because of the very high positive correlation between farm prices paid and consumer prices. Developing industry-level indices appears to be a more attractive way to proceed given the substantially different...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Net barter terms of trade; Single factoral terms of trade; Total factor productivity; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118322

Immigration Reform: Implications for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Philip L.
About half of U.S. farm workers are not authorized to work in the United States. Pending immigration reforms aim to prevent the entry and employment of more unauthorized foreigners, but they differ on what to do about unauthorized workers already in the United States. These unauthorized workers are not likely to disappear overnight, and agricultural adjustments to a legal work force are likely to be determined by enforcement patterns, the structure of new guest worker programs, and the speed at which current farm workers find nonfarm jobs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92877

Emerging Policy Issues and Research Priorities on Western Hemisphere Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hedley,   Douglas D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50820

Tariffication of Tariff Rate Quotas under oligopolistic competition: the case of the EU import regimes for bananas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scoppola,   Margherita.
Paper removed by author for revision 12/09/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Import quotas; Oligopoly; Bananas; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44165

THE EFFECTS OF EXPORT AND FOOD CROP STRATEGIES ON FARM INCOME AND FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN EASTERN SENEGAL AND UPPER CASAMANCE:  A LINEAR PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kourouma,   Aboubacar.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze some effects of export and food crop strategies on farm income and food self-sufficiency at the household level in the Eastern and upper Casamance regions of Senegal.  The objectives of the government of Senegal include food self-sufficiency and export crop expansion through crop diversification.  Over the last twenty years, extension programs have emphasized the introduction of cotton and maize.  Although maize seems to have found its way easily in the existing farming system, the performance of cotton is less clear.  After an initial rapid expansion, cotton acreage and production started to decline from the mid 70's.  This raises questions about the lont-term suitability of cotton and emphasizes the need for...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10981

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Yue,   Chengyan; Jensen,   Helen H.
The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff-equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade cost, and to the reference data chosen). We use the approach to investigate the ongoing U.S.-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Apple trade; Japan; Price wedge; Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS); Tariff equivalent; Technical barriers to trade (TBT); Trade cost; Trade dispute; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18433

World Trade Organization and Globalization Help Facilitate Growth in Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Effland,   Anne; Roberts,   Donna; Normile,   Mary Anne; Wainio,   John.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122956

The effects of exchange rates and commercial policy on agricultural incentives in Colombia, 1953-1978
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Garcia,   Jorge.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and State; Colombia; Commercial Policy; Foreign exchange administration; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45868

Global Growth, Macroeconomic Change, and U.S. Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Dohlman,   Erik; Brooks,   Nora L.; Jerardo,   Alberto; Vollrath,   Thomas L.
After a decade of uneven export growth and rapidly growing imports, U.S. agriculture has begun to reassert its position in global trade markets. Rising exports and signs of moderating demand for imports mark a departure from previous trends. This report places past trends and emerging developments in perspective by spotlighting the role of two specific factors that help steer U.S. agricultural trade patterns: global growth and shifts in foreign economic activity that affect U.S. exports, and macroeconomic factors underlying the growth of U.S. imports. Consistent with actual changes in the level and destination of U.S. exports, model simulations corroborate the contention that renewed export growth can be sustained by expanding incomes and growing food...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Trade balance; Income growth; Economic development; Population; Macroeconomics; Exchange rates; Current account; Growth projections.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55963

IMPLICATIONS OF FINNISH IMPORT RESTRICTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION ON AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS FROM LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindstedt,   Esko T.
Finland, in spite of her small size, has developed rather diversified trade relationships with the industrialized countries.  The main trade flows are to the European Economic Community (EEC), the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and to the Socialist countries in East Europe.  Finland became an associate member of EFTA in July 1961 and in October 1973, after the expansion of EEC with England, Denmark and Ireland, negotiated specials trade arrangements with the EEC to secure her future trade relations.  This arrangement is mainly for forest-based industries and agricultural exports and to avoid the tariff increases on exports from England and West Germany.  With the Socialist countries, the trade is based on bilateral agreements which define the...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11210

Besoins en informations des grossistes pour une augmentation du volume des échanges en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Mali
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Guinea; Mali; Senegal; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57264

EFFECTS OF EEP ON CANADIAN/UNITED STATES WHEAT TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Robert E., II; Adams,   Gary M.; Helmar,   Michael.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16744

Do Price Uncertainties Affect the Use of Policy Flexibilities? The Selection of Sensitive Products in WTO Agricultural Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Listorti,   Giulia; Kempen,   Markus; Girardin,   Jean; Kranzlein,   Tim.
In a context in which price uncertainty is likely to increase, expected market trends need to be taken carefully into account while negotiating international trade policy rules. This paper aims at analyzing what is their influence on the use of policy flexibilities in the context of WTO agricultural negotiations. In particular, within the market access pillar, we focus on the selection of sensitive products. Our model, TRIMAG (Tariff Reduction Impact Model for Agriculture), defined at the 8-digit level, optimizes the domestic agricultural value added subject to a maximum number of sensitive tariff lines, accounting for various future international price scenarios. Furthermore, we test the use of alternative options for the implementation of “tariff...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO agricultural negotiations; Market access; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114381

United States Agriculture in the World Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59795

Quarantine Risk Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunn,   Mike J.
Australia’s quarantine policy is based on the concept of manageable risk, which is underpinned by quarantine risk analysis, which this article examines with particular reference to recommendations of the 1996 Australian Quarantine Review. Quarantine risk assessment addresses disease concerns associated with any particular proposed import and may also require detailed examination of possible economic and environmental effects. The degree of quantification varies, and more quantitative approaches may be either deterministic or stochastic. Assessments consider both the probability of an event occurring and its consequences, including the direct economic effect of any introduction of an exotic disease.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118061

DIFFERENTIATION AND IMPLICIT PRICES IN EXPORT WHEAT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
This paper describes the extent and characteristics of differentiation in the international wheat market.  Results indicate that the degree of differentiation has increased in the last 15 years.  A hedonic price function is specified and estimated to examine implicit prices for characteristics and their changes through time.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32459

EFFECTIVE RATES OF PROTECTION AND HIDDEN SECTORAL TRANSFERS BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolsen,   H.M.
Government intervention changes the allocation of resources through effects on input and output prices. While explicit forms of intervention have been the subject of many studies, implicit forms of intervention have been given much less attention. The price and output policies pursued by public authorities systematically cross-subsidise from densely populated to sparsely populated areas. Thus, their effects are in the opposite direction from the effects of tariffs and quotas. Examination of the effects of one form of intervention in isolation overstates the net effects of that intervention. Effective rates of cross-subsidies must be taken into consideration when attempting to measure the impact of government intervention on resource allocation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23026

Pricing to Market, (Seasonal) Cointegration and US Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Yun; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper, we examine whether US exporters of agricultural commodities price to market.  Specifically, we estimate the fixed-effects model of Knetter (1989; 1995), and alternative specifications based on the use of cost indices, and seasonal and vector error correction models that account for the time-series properties of the data.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pricing to market; Cointegration; US agricultural exports; International Relations/Trade; F12; L13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19377

Implications of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stanton,   Gretchen Heimpel.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50703

TRADE IN MINOR OILSEEDS: A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER AND CANOLA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Dooley,   Frank J.
A spatial-equilibrium model of trade in sunflower and canola (seed, oil, and meal) is used to assess alternative trade policy scenarios and their implications for North American producers. Simulations address effects of the U.S. SOAP program, NAFTA, the GATT agreement, EU supply restrictions, and tariffs in major import markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Minor oilseeds; Sunflower; Canola; Trade.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23346

Capturing zero trade values in gravity equations of trade: A disaggregated sectoral analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Philippidis,   George; Resano-Ezcaray,   Helena; Sanjuan-Lopez,   Ana Isabel.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114760

DISCUSSION: PROGRESS WITH HARMONIZATION/ CONVERGENCE/COMPATIBILITY: U.S. AND CANADIAN GRAIN MARKETING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McClatchy,   Don.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16904

Inequality and Poverty Impacts of Trade Distortions in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Thurlow,   James.
Although Mozambique has considerable agricultural potential, rural poverty remains extremely high. This paper examines the extent to which global and domestic price distortions affect agricultural production and national poverty. We develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) and micro-simulation model of Mozambique that is linked to the results of a global model. This framework is used to examine the effects of eliminating global and national price distortions. Model results indicate that agriculture is adversely affected by current trade distortions due to policies in the rest of the world. While a removal of all merchandise trade distortions would reduce import prices, it would also raise agricultural production and reduce poverty. By contrast,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52794

CURRENT ISSUES AFFECTING TRADE AND TRADE POLICY: AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Andrew D.; Langley,   Suchada V.; Chambers,   William.
This review provides a base of literature describing current issues and research on the impacts of lobalization and the industrialization of agriculture and recent approaches to analyze and model agricultural trade and trade policies.  Three key factors of the survey are differentiated goods, global economic integration and international supply chain linkages.  The review covers 182 publications, which are presented alphabetically by author with a brief annotation describing how it relates to the above criteria.  The articles are also indexed by keyword.  A brief summary highlights the documented literature and includes a series of issues for future discussion and research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14606

Globalization and Poverty in Senegal: A Worst Case Scenario?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Colen,   Liesbeth; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
There is no consensus about how globalization –trade and foreign investments – affects poverty reduction. Using household survey data, this study contributes to the empirical literature on globalization and poverty by analyzing the household-level implications of increased foreign investments and trade in the horticulture sector in Senegal. In many aspects this represents what many would consider a “worst-case scenario”. Stringent rich country standards are imposed on exports and the supply chain is controlled by a single multinational company with extreme levels of supply base consolidation, full vertical integration and complete exclusion of smallholder suppliers. We analyze and quantify income and poverty effects under these “worst-case conditions” and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; FDI; Poverty; Vertical coordination; Modern supply chains; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F2; J43; O12; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51668

Is The U.S. Losing Its Competitiveness in the Global Chicken Markets: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djunaidi,   Harjanto.
Though the last forty years of data showed that the U.S. chicken export growth was still positive, but it has slowed in more recent years.   Other countries such as Brazil, the U.S. main competitor in the global chicken trade was able to expand its market shares in recent years.  Simulation results showed that the United States will play important roles in future global chicken trade providing that the U.S. firms are willing to accommodate the non-tariff trade barriers imposed by major importing countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36301

IMMIGRATION, MEAT PACKING, AND TRADE: IMPLICATIONS FOR IOWA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Miranowski,   John A.
For a postscript copy of this paper, click &lt;a href="/Data/isu/isu285.ps"&gt; here.   The paper examines changes in employment and wage patterns, industrial restructuring, and foreign competition that affect opportunities of recent immigrants to the non-metropolitan Midwest, especially to Iowa.  The focus is on food and kindred products where meat and poultry packing and processing are major components.  Although total employment in this industry declined between 1980 and 1990, a significant increase in employment of Hispanic- and Asian- origin persons occurred in Iowa.  As unions weakened and the real wage rate declined sharply during 1980-85 in meat and poultry packing and processing, new job opportunities for recent immigrants became available.  These...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18234

The Impact of Feedstock Supply and Petroleum Price Variability on Domestic Biofuel and Feedstock Markets – The Case of the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David; Surry,   Yves R.
The promotion of biofuel use in preference to traditional petroleum-based transportation fuel has linked agricultural commodity markets and energy markets more closely together. Biofuel policies can involve multiple policy instruments, but studies examining their effects on biofuel feedstock and energy markets are scarce. In addition, the impact of alternative policy approaches in the context of variability in petroleum prices and the supply of biofuel feedstock has received limited attention. Focusing on the current situation in the United States, in which prohibitively high duties prevent imports of ethanol, this paper examines how variability in the price of petroleum and corn supply affects domestic market variability under three types of domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Subsidies; Mandates; Variability; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58486

Tea Farming Enterprise Contribution to Smallholders’ Well Being In Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwaura,   Francis; Muku,   Ogise.
Poverty reduction among smallholders has remained a major priority for the Kenyan government. Efforts have been geared to have a streamlined agri-business system like emulated by the tea sub-sector. In the smallholder tea sub-sector, farmers are organized to private companies, owns factories, engage in produce assembling, processing, contract experts for profession services, have micro-financing institutions serving them, and procure fertilizer from overseas in bulk to distribute it to its members. While the success of the organization and operations are visible the impact of the enterprise returns are unknown. The paper discusses the tea farming enterprise contribution to the well being of the smallholders’ tea farmers in central and western highlands of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52127

ADVERTISING TRADED GOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinnucan,   Henry W.
Nerlove and Waugh's theory of cooperative (generic) advertising is extended to include tax shifting, cost sharing, and trade.  Comparative-static analysis indicates that trade reduces the incentive to promote in the domestic market, and this is true whether the industry inquestion is a net exporter or a net importer.  The theory is applied to California egg advertising to demonstrate utility and to highlight the importance of including trade relationships in advertising benefit-cost studies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20965

THE EFFECTS OF THE GREEK ENTRY INTO THE EEC ON ITS LIVESTOCK AND FEEDGRAIN CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTION, AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baroutis,   Dimitrious N.
After a lengthy period of negotiations, Greece became the tenth member of the European Economic Community. The most important problems to overcome in reaching the Treaty of Accession were those associated with the integration of Greek agriculture into the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).  The importance of the farm sector for the Greek economy as a whole, the structural problems it faces, and the political weight of the Greek farmers led to an agreement on the necessity of a five year transitional period during which Greece will have to adjust progressively to fully adopting the CAP.  The major concern of this study is to examine the impact of the changes which are required for the reorientation of the Greek agricultural policy on Greece's agriculture and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11128

The Global Positioning System: Global Developments and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandon,   James M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15877

AGRIBUSINESS' RESPONSE TO GLOBALIZATION: THE MEXICAN EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schedel,   Ken K.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26793

Domestic Support Policies for Agriculture in Ecuador and the U.S.-Andean Countries Free Trade Agreement: An Applied General Equilibrium Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Wong,   Sara.
For the past two years the United States and Colombia, Peru and Ecuador have being negotiating a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). One of the main concerns of Ecuador's farmers is the asymmetry that exists between U.S. and Ecuador agricultural sectors. U.S. agriculture is highly subsidized in products such as rice, corn, and soybeans, products that represent an important export and subsistence products for Ecuadorian farmers. To reduce any negative effect that the FTA may have, Ecuador's government is studying land-based payments for rice, corn, soybeans and livestock producers. This program would offer direct initial support to farmers' income after the FTA enters in full effect. The objectives of this paper were twofold. First, estimate the effects on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21349

Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand Across 114 Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Regmi,   Anita; Seale,   James L., Jr.
This report presents a simple methodology for calculating cross-price elasticities across countries, using the Frisch own-price elasticity. Cross-price elasticities are calculated for 9 major consumption categories from the 1996 International Comparison Program data across 114 countries. The consumption categories are: food, beverage, and tobacco; clothing and footwear; education; gross rent, fuel, and power; house furnishings and operations; medical care; recreation; transport and communications; and “other” items. Additionally, cross-price elasticities are calculated and reported for a two-good demand system of food and nonfood. The elasticity estimates from this report are the only available consistent cross-country cross-price elasticity estimates...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cross-country demand analysis; Cross-price elasticities; 1996 ICP data; Florida Model; Frisch elasticity; Complete demand analysis; Food demand; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59870

The (Normative) Efficiency Ranking of Output and Export Subsidies under Costly and Imperfect Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
This paper relaxes the assumption of perfect and costless policy enforcement implicit in traditional analysis of output and export subsidies and introduces enforcement costs and cheating into the economic analysis of these policy instruments. Analytical results show that compliance with policy rules is not the natural outcome of self-interest and complete deterrence of cheating is not economically efficient. The introduction of enforcement costs and cheating changes the welfare effects of the policy mechanisms, their efficiency in redistributing income to producers, and their normative ranking in terms of transfer efficiency.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123651

Innovation and Governance in International Food Supply Chains: The Cases of Ghanaian Pineapples and South African Grapes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trienekens,   Jacques H.; Willems,   Sabine.
This paper reports an exploratory case study on innovation in, and governance of, international supply chains originating in developing countries. Two African fruit export chains are analyzed: the table grape chain from South Africa (a highly developed chain) and the pineapple chain from Ghana (a newly emerging chain). The most important market for both chains is the EU. The two cases present complementary perspectives on international supply chain development. The paper shows that Western demands in these cases lead to innovation at the producer end of the international supply chain and changes in governance structures towards chain coordination and vertical integration.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International supply chains; Innovation; Governance; Developing countries.; Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44900

PREFERENTIAL TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loper,   Nathan; Abbott,   Philip C.; Foster,   Kenneth A.
Preferential agricultural trade under the Caribbean Basin Initiative has been beneficial to participating countries, particularly for differentiated goods.  Goods that have not performed well were either subject to policy changes, eroding preferences and deteriorating market trends or structural changes that diminished CBI exports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22018

THE CHINESE MARKET FOR U.S. PORK EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.
China feeds twenty-two percent of the world's population on seven percent of its arable land. In contrast, the U.S. and Canada own seventeen percent of the world's arable land, but feed only five percent of its people. As China's income increases, its people will demand more livestock products, including poultry, dairy, beef, and eggs, and more alcohol. Potential Chinese import demand for pork is examined in this paper. The question facing Chinese policymakers is whether to follow their current policy of food self-sufficiency or allow imports of pork muscle and variety meats. Projections of Chinese production and consumption indicate that, by the year 2007, China could import up to 9.1 million metric tons (product weight equivalent) of pork. The current...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China trade; Livestock; Feedgrains; Meat; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29173

Softwood Lumber: Exact Significance of the Recent Canadian Victory before the WTO and Prospects in the Context of the Pending Second Lumber Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitah,   Marc.
Recently, the WTO Panel in charge of the softwood lumber case brought by Canada against the United States ruled in favor of Canada. The “benefit conferred” criterion played a critical role in the ruling, which concluded that the United States used a flawed cross-border methodology to demonstrate the existence of such a benefit. However, the Canadian victory would have been more decisive if the WTO panel had found the absence of a governmental financial contribution. The cross-border methodology will be once again at the heart of the pending second lumber case before the WTO. This article evaluates the prospects for the case in this context.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canada; Cross-border methodology; Dispute; Financial contribution; Softwood lumber; Stumpage; United States; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23925

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthews,   Alan; Claquin,   Pierre; Opolot,   Jacob.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48549

MAY THE PRO-POOR IMPACTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION  VANISH BECAUSE OF IMPERFECT INFORMATION ?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boussard,   Jean-Marc; Gerard,   Francoise; Piketty,   Marie-Gabrielle; Christensen,   Ane-Katrine; Voituriez,   Tancrede.
In this paper, we try to evaluate the change in welfare gains and their distribution due to trade liberalization when imperfect information is considered. The results of two versions of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, using GTAP database and representing goods as well as capital flows, are compared. In the first one, a standard world CGE approach is followed. In the second version we include risk aversion, imperfect information and production lag in the agricultural sector. After a brief description of the two versions, changes in welfare, represented by the income of two types of household  (middle-low and middle-high) in three regions (Europe, United States, Rest of the World) after agricultural trade liberalization are presented....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25849

The Global Market for Olive Oil: Actors, Trends, Policies, Prospects and Research Needs.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; Pupo D'Andrea,   Maria Rosaria.
Olive oil is possibly the single globally consumed and traded product most closely linked to the Mediterranean; non-Mediterranean countries account for less than 2.5 per cent of world production. The paper addresses recent trends in the olive oil world market and the current structure of trade. With respect to existing analyses, its value added is in the level of detail at which the analysis of current trade is conducted, in particular by considering bilateral olive oil trade flows disaggregated with respect to its quality. The main conclusion reached is that the key factors for the future of the market are developments in demands and in the imperfectly competitive structure of the industry, while supply factors and expected changes in trade policies,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6109

LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE FOOD SAFETY CONTROL OF LIVE ANIMALS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaoyong; van den Roest,   Joop.
In 2002, both China and the EU suffered from a trade dispute over animal products. The aim of the report is to document this framework, in order to make a constructive contribution towards bridging the gap of understanding and accessibility of the countries' procedures in particular and of their trade relations in general. This report illustrates how the Chinese legal and institutional system differs from that in the EU. Laws, administrative documents and regulations are all part of the Chinese legal system and have an equally binding force. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and the General Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) are the two most important institutions monitoring food safety in China.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29103

Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the removal of current market interventions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. We analyze the impact of trade liberalization and the removal of production subsidies and consumption distortions. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27 percent price increase by the end of the decade relative to the baseline level for sugar. The removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48 percent price increase by the end of the outlook period. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns are substantially affected. Protectionist countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20045

Determinants of World Wheat Trade Flows and Policy Analysis: An Application of Gravity Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Karemera,   David.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121644

Can Brazil Meet the World's Growing Need for Ethanol?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdes,   Constanza.
Brazil will need to sustain production growth in the ethanol sector in order to meet increasing domestic demand and maintain its export share.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120791

The Impact of EU Enlargement on European Border Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
EU enlargement is supposed to entail profound impact on the location of economic activities in Europe. Although there is concern about the implications of enlargement for regional disparities in the EU, corresponding empirical results are still rare. The objective of this analysis is to provide empirical evidence on enlargement effects with a special focus on border regions in the EU27 since they are likely to play a critical role within the spatial dynamics initiated by integration. Departing from a three-region economic geography model we investigate whether changes in market access released by integration result in above-average integration benefits in border regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integration; Market access; EU enlargement; Border regions; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; C21; F15; R12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26384

Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong,   Fengxia; Hart,   Chad E.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Pan,   Suwen; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Dumortier,   Jerome.
We examined four evolution paths of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium world agricultural sector model in CARD that includes the new RFS in the 2007 EISA, a two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. The third scenario considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price, while the last is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax credit when the energy price is high. Standard results hold where...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; EISA; Ethanol; Tax credit; World agricultural sector model; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q13; Q18; Q38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53093

A Private Sector Perspective on the Celtic Tiger Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McArdle,   Pat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112947

THE U.S - MEXICO FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: THE MEXICAN PERSPECTIVE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ballenger,   Nicole.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30370

Economic Impacts of Foreign Animal Disease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Hillberg,   Ann; Lee,   John G.; Mathews,   Kenneth H., Jr.
This report presents a modeling framework in which epidemiological model results are integrated with an economic model of the U.S. agricultural sector to enable estimation of the economic impacts of outbreaks of foreign-source livestock diseases. To demonstrate the model, the study assessed results of a hypothetical outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The modeling framework includes effects of the FMD episode on all major agricultural products and assesses these effects on aggregate supply, demand, and trade over 16 quarters. Model results show a potential for large trade-related losses for beef, beef cattle, hogs, and pork, though relatively few animals are destroyed. The swine and pork sectors recover shortly after assumed export restrictions end,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease (FMD); Sector model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56453

Competition Policy Works: The Effect of Competition Policy on the Intensity of Competition - An International Cross-Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krakowski,   Michael.
This paper explores the relationship between competition policy, experience of the application of competition policy, the intensity of local competition and the standard of living. Perception data from the World Economic Forum is used to measure the intensity of local competition. Richer and larger countries in general introduce competition policy earlier than smaller and poorer countries, and industrialized countries earlier than Latin American, African, transition and Asian countries, in this order. A regression analysis for a sample of 101 countries reveals that experience and overall government effectiveness explain a substantial part of the perception of the effectiveness of antitrust policy. During the first years of (new) competition legislation the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition Policy; Effectiveness of legal instruments; International Relations/Trade; L40; K21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26259

US BIOFUEL AND CLIMATE POLICIES DUEL OVER CELLULOSIC BIOMASS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Wyatt; Meyer,   Seth D.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91404

Banking Permits: Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
Most analyses of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms focus on the cost effectiveness of “where” flexibility (e.g. by showing that mitigation costs are lower in a global permit market than in regional markets or in permit markets confined to Annex 1 countries). Less attention has been devoted to “when” flexibility, i.e. to the benefits of allowing emission permit traders to bank their permits for future use. In the model presented in this paper, banking of carbon allowances in a global permit market is fully endogenised, i.e. agents may decide to bank permits by taking into account their present and future needs and the present and future decisions of all the other agents. It is therefore possible to identify under what conditions traders find it optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6362

DISCUSSION: COMMODITY POLICY COMPATIBILITY WITH FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   Tom.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16908

The Missing Links between Foreign Investment and Development: Lessons from Costa Rica and Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paus,   Eva A.; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
A developing country will derive long-lasting development benefits from FDI only, if there is the right coincidence between its location-specific assets and TNCs’ global interests, and the right match between the country’s national linkage capability and TNCs’ strategic interest in domestic sourcing. We argue that Costa Rica and Mexico have been very successful in attracting high-tech FDI due to the cumulative results of past development policies, proximity to the U.S., and trade arrangements. However, a combination of pervasive market failures, government inaction, and changes in TNC strategies explains why the two countries have not been able to reap lasting benefits from high-tech FDI. We conclude that pro-active government policies have to be an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37156

EU-Trade Agreements - What Are They Dealing With?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurzweil,   Marianne; Ledebur,   Oliver von; Salamon,   Petra.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25144

RAIL HARMONIZATION IN MEXICO AND NORTH AMERICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prentice,   Barry E.; Derkson,   Wade; Maltz,   Arnold.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16798

TRADE PREFERENCES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Achterbosch,   Thom J.; de Bruin,   S.; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This report draws on a body of existing literature to assess the impact of trade preferences granted by the European Union on trade and welfare in developing countries. It is argued that the Everything But Arms amendment to the EU preference scheme will have limited effect on export potential and welfare in the least developed countries (LDCs). The EU would do well to simplify compliance with their rules of origin. When LDCs are granted deeper preferences under continued domestic agricultural policies in the EU, US, Canada and Japan, resources in LDCs will move towards the agricultural sector. The expected effect impact on LDCs of extending preferences to non-LDCs is quite small, while the negative effect of reductions of MFN tariffs under trade...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29102

2010 Foreign Trade Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   James W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60338

EVOLUÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES, COMÉRCIO INTRASETORIAL E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DOS NEGÓCIOS INTERNACIONAIS DE MADEIREIRA BRASILEIRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Almeida,   Rachel Silva; Carvalho,   Rosemeiry Melo; Mera,   Ruben Dario Mayorga.
O Brasil é importante exportador de madeira do mundo, tendo como principais mercados de destino os Estados Unidos e a União Européia. Desse modo, nesse estudo pretende-se estimar as equações de oferta e demanda por exportação madeireira do Brasil para os Estados Unidos e a União Européia; identificar as fontes de comércio madeireiro do Brasil nos seus principais mercados de destino; e, verificar o efeito do comércio internacional madeireiro sobre a taxa de desmatamento das florestas do Brasil. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a demanda e a oferta de madeira brasileira da União Européia são inelásticas em relação ao preço. Por outro lado, no mercado norte americano a demanda é elástica, enquanto a oferta é inelástica. Adicionalmente, um...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio; Madeira; Brasil; União Européia; Estados Unidos; Trade; Wood; Brazil; European Union; United States; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108847

EXPORT COMPETITION AND THE REMISSION OF DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper we consider the use of border adjustments to compensate exporters for domestic environmental taxes even when the environmental tax is imposed on an intermediate good.  Although GATT/WTO rules allow for border adjustments, there has been little analysis of them. A model of successive oligopoly is used to consider the appropriate border adjustments since many industries where environmental excise taxes are applied can be characterised as imperfectly competitive. We show that the border adjustment currently allowed for in GATT/WTO rules is, under certain circumstances, likely to be too low to maintain the competitiveness of exporters. In some cases, an export tax would be justified.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21994

Resource Mobility and China’s Agricultural Trade Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhong,   Funing; Zhu,   Jing; Xie,   Zhengqin.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55024

GATT AND THE ENVIRONMENT: POLICY RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harold,   Courtney; Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper is a brief review of current problems in which trade and environmental issues intersect.  After a statement of these problems, it focuses on some recent empirical research and future research needs of special relevance to agricultural economists.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14207

Standards as Barriers and Catalysts for Trade and Poverty Reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The importance of food standards in global agricultural trade has increased strongly, but the effects are uncertain. Several studies argue that these standards imposed by high-income countries diminish the export opportunities for developing countries and concentrate the benefits of trade with processing and retailing companies and large farms, thereby casting doubt on the development impact of international agricultural trade.  Other argue that the standards can be catalysts for growth.  In this paper we critically review the arguments and empirical evidence on the link between increasing food standards, developing country exports and welfare in those countries.  We conclude that the evidence is often weaker as claimed.  We also provide new insights from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25772

Agriculture and Environmental Issues in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Including environmental issues in trade agreements is controversial, although these issues are an integral part of the NAFTA and WTO agreements as well as being the subject of numerous multilateral environmental treaties and agreements. Despite its inclusion, many members are opposed to allowing the environment an extensive role in the WTO. Nonetheless, the Doha Ministerial Declaration recognizes the environment in negotiating the next trade liberalization agreement. Agriculture and agricultural trade, which were integrated with international trade disciplines in the Uruguay Round, have environmental implications, and the inclusion of agriculture in the WTO introduces complex issues that also have environmental consequences.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Doha Round; Environment; Trade liberalization; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23879

The Impact of CAFTA on Employment, Production and Poverty in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morley,   Samuel A.; Nakasone,   Eduardo; Pineiro,   Valeria.
In this paper we develop a dynamic CGE model to examine the impact of CAFTA on production, employment and poverty in Honduras. We model four aspects of the agreement: tariff reductions, quotas, changes in the rules of origin for maquila and more generous treatment of foreign investment. We first show that trade liberalization under CAFTA has a positive effect on growth, employment and poverty but the effect is small. What really matters for Honduras is the assembly (maquila) industry. CAFTA liberalized the rules of origin for imports into this industry. That raises the growth rate of output by 1.4% and reduces poverty by 11% in 2020 relative to what it would otherwise have been. Increasing capital formation through an increase in foreign investment in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAFTA; Honduras; Growth; Poverty; CGE model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42349

Does food trade save water?: the potential role of food trade in water scarcity mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
This Water Policy Briefing is based on the CA Research Report 4: Does International Cereal Trade Save Water? The Impact of Virtual Water Trade on Global Water Use (CA Research Report 4) by Charlotte de Fraiture, Ximing Cai, Upali Amarasinghe, Mark Rosegrant and David Molden; and on Investing in Water for Food, Ecosystems and Livelihoods (BLUE PAPER, Stockholm 2004, Discussion Draft) by David Molden and Charlotte de Fraiture; and on Is Virtual Water Trade a Solution for Water Scarce Countries? by Charlotte de Fraiture and David Molden, Bridges 2004. By the year 2050 there will be an additional 3 billion people to feed. Food production may need to increase by 70-90 percent from levels in 2000 to meet this global food demand. Without improvements in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food production; Trade; Water conservation; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113014

In Search of a Breakthrough for the Korea-EU FTA Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Yong-Kee; Song,   Joo Ho.
The purpose of this paper is to seek a breakthrough for the Korea-EU FTA negotiation in agriculture which started last year, but has not made much progress yet. The EU has been asking Korea to open its agricultural market to the same extent that was agreed upon in Korea’s free trade agreement with the U.S. while the Korean government firmly opposes the EU’s request, saying that FTA negotiations differ from multilateral trade talks as in the WTO. An examination of agricultural trade among Korea, the EU, and the U.S. shows that there may be many niche markets of which the EU can take advantage over other agricultural exporting countries including the U.S. Also, it is expected that the EU could gain much from its agricultural trade with Korea through an FTA,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Korea-EU FTA; Agricultural Trade; Trade Diversion Effects; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44207

U.S. Agricultural Trade Policy in the Post Doha World (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Allen F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37415

Labour Market Effects of Trade Liberalisation: The Case of Mauritius
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramessur,   Taruna Shalini; Durbarry,   Ramesh.
This article uses a partial equilibrium approach to measure the impact of trade liberalisation on the demand elasticity of labour in the apparel industry in Mauritius, a sector where, in general, those in the work force are poor. The findings reveal that there is no evidence that trade liberalisation has increased the overall labour demand elasticity with respect to wages, though it has increased the demand elasticity for female workers. We further examine the relationship between trade liberalisation measures and characteristics of poor households and find that the overall results are mixed and inconclusive, probably due to the high level of data aggregation. Keywords: trade liberalisation, poverty alleviation
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Poverty alleviation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54588

DINÂMICA E COMPETITIVIDADE DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DE FRUTAS DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE NO PERÍODO DE 1999 A 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andrade,   Maria Elza De; Costa,   Genivalda Cordeiro Da; Maia,   Ana Cristina Nogueira.
O Rio Grande do Norte tem sido apontado desde a década de 1990 em vários estudos como um dos principais produtores e exportadores brasileiros de frutas frescas, no entanto, existe uma carência de estudos capazes de responder a questionamentos como: qual o desempenho competitivo do Rio Grande do Norte em relação ao restante do Brasil no mercado de fruticultura? O Estado apresenta vantagem comparativa na exportação de produtos oriundos da fruticultura irrigada? Os produtos que mais exportaram são efetivamente aqueles que temos maiores vantagens comparativas reveladas e são, ao mesmo tempo, produtos com mais elevados índices de contribuição ao saldo comercial. Visando responder a esses questionamentos, este estudo buscou analisar a competitividade das...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitividade; Exportações; Fruticultura; Vantagem Comparativa; Market-share; Competitiveness; Exports; Horticulture; Comparative advantage; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113192

Trade trends from 2000 to 2008 for agriculture, forestry and fisheries of the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
This paper aims to identify trade trends for primary products from the Western Cape agricultural, forestry and fisheries sector for the period 2000 until 2008. Annual trade data was received from the South African Revenue Service (SARS). The postal code information were used to identify from which province exports were sent or for which province the imports were destined. The postal code provided is that of the exporter or importer, and thus does not reflect the final destination in South Africa of imports or the origin (province) of our exports. Traded goods are classified using the Harmonised System (HS) that is used internationally. Results indicate that in South Africa and the Western Cape, the value of total imports are more than total exports, but in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Trade; Country and Industry Studies of Trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58064

THE CORN PRODUCTION SECTOR OF THAILAND WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CORN EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongputisiri,   Panida.
The purpose of this paper is twofold:  first, to systematically examine the present organization in the marketing of corn in Thailand; and second, to compare and contrast the present situation with a proposed system of marketing.  This research will involve a brief study of the situation as it existed in the past, an understanding of the nature and mechanics of the present system, and finally, an assessment of the direction in which the present system seems to be headed thus making it possible to set forth possible implications for corn exports policies for both government and the private business sector.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11134

Competitive Bidding, Information and Exporter Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Preszler,   Todd; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121380

Positioning for Trade Liberalization: Structure of Earnings, Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Agricultural Households in the United States and Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Apedaile,   Leonard Peter; Barnard,   Charles H.; Bollman,   Ray D.; Calkins,   Blaine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24066

The Relevance of the EU Entry Price System for Imports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Linde; Grethe,   Harald.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/24/08.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7114

Results of a Survey of Graduate Courses in Applied Welfare Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching; Trade; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51095

The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing: Is It a WTO Failure?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malaga,   Jaime E.; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
The historic GATT-Uruguay Round Agreement was signed in April 1994 after years of difficult negotiations. Although the textile and clothing sector was not included, a separate agreement, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) was also signed, with the specific purpose of dismantling the complex quota system in place and gradually incorporating the sector into the rules and disciplines of GATT-UR over a period of ten years. On the verge of the established deadline, the liberalization results achieved seem disappointing for most textile exporting countries. These results have implications for the new round of WTO negotiations. What went wrong? Is anyone to blame? This article analyzes the ATC rules and discusses conflicting interpretations of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ATC; Developing countries; MFA; Textile &amp; clothing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23819

The Environment, Trade and the WTO - A Caribbean Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pemberton,   Carlisle A.; Charles,   Kathleen.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade and the WTO; The Environment and the WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45800

Impact and competitiveness of EU biofuel market – First view of the prices of biofuel market in relation to the global players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xing.
The goal of this study is to investigate the price relationship of EU biofuel market with other main markets in both horizontal level and vertical level. We first carry out Granger causality between ethanol price of EU, USA and Brazil. Secondly, we use vecto error cointegration Mechnism (VECM) to test the relationship between three selected vegetable oil prices in EU to see the competive potential of EU rapeseed oil compared with imported crude palm oil and soybean oil as the feedstock of biodiesel. Evidence shows that there is a unidirectional Granger causation from both USA and Brazil to EU market. USA price of ethanol is the most influential among the three price series, and EU has the least influence on the contrary. It indicates that it is very...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Vegetable oils; Feedstock; Directives; VECM; Granger causality; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6501

FOOD SAFETY ISSUES, PROTECTION AND TRADE (WITH RESPECT TO MEAT PRODUCTS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Robin; Hillman,   Jimmye S.; Petrey,   Allen.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14553

Testing the Dynamic Characteristics of Competitiveness in Fresh Fish Exports of Euro Mediterranean Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katrakilidis,   Constantinos P.; Polymeros,   Konstantinos.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the competitive level of fresh fish exports among the Euro Mediterranean countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage indices of Italian, French, Greek, Portuguese and Spanish fresh fish are estimated, in order to gain new insights regarding the position of these products in the market of the European Union, in terms of competitiveness. In addition, this study investigates the parameters affecting the competitive level among countries, using Cointegration and Innovation Accounting methodology. The estimated Comparative Advantage indices reveal that there is a wide range of competitiveness among Euro Mediterranean countries. In addition, the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of competitiveness reveals that the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9387

PERFECT SUBSTITUTES: A NOTE ON THE ALCHIAN-ALLEN HYPOTHESIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vedrashko,   Alexander; Smith,   Vincent H.
Alchian and Allen hypothesized that a country will export high rather than low quality goods. Here we show that if the inherent attributes of the commodities are identical the country will only export the high-quality good.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transport costs; Patterns of trade; Product quality; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29245

FORECASTING MEXICAN LIVE CATTLE EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skaggs,   Rhonda K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36187

Wisconsin Leads United States in Dairy Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
Examines dairy exports from the United States from the previous fiscal year.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy Exports; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42534

Estimation of Asymmetric Price Adjustment in the U.S. Soybean Trade Using Rolling TAR: The Relation with Market Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakajima,   Toru.
The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model by Enders and Granger (1998) and Enders and Siklos (2001) is a popular econometric model that estimates asymmetric price transmission (APT) with non-stationary time series data. However, empirical studies have not considered much the arbitrariness of sample period selection and possible temporal variation of parameters or asymmetry. The purpose of this study is to estimate the APT from the U.S. domestic soybean prices to the export prices using the TAR model, and to trace the changes of APT using rolling woindow methodology of TAR. Another purpose is to analyze the relation between the APT and the market structure in the world soybean trade. The hypothesis is that the APT was positive, which means that the U.S....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric price transmission; TAR model; Rolling window; U.S. soybeans; Market structure; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103403

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Indonesia: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erwidodo; Hadi,   Prajogo U.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Indonesia. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, soybean, maize, cassava and potato at the national level and farm level. The analysis included ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; Trade policies; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32685

Investigating the Sources of Agricultural Growth in Africa: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, and Technology Absorption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This paper investigates sources and determinants of agricultural growth in Africa, concentrating on the growth path during the last three decades. The analysis employs the broader framework provided by empirical growth literature and recent developments in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement to search for fundamental determinants of growth in African agriculture. One main contribution and new findings in this analysis is the quantification of the contribution of the productivity growth and the contribution of different inputs such as land, labor, tractor and fertilizer in the agricultural growth. Growth accounting computation highlights the fact that factor accumulation rather than TFP accounts for a large share of agricultural output growth and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth accounting; TFP; Factor accumulation; Capital absorption; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; N50; O47; D24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52108

Analysing the implication of the EU 20-10-20 targets for world vegetable oil production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; Mueller,   Marc; Santuccio,   Federica.
The European Commission proposes a minimum of 10 % biofuels in the total transport fuel use by 2020. The new 10% minimum target in 2020 is combined with the existing regulation, which fixes the target at 5.75% in 2010. This paper will in particular investigates how a full implementation of the 20- 10-20 targets would affect production and trade of oil plants in the EU and its main trade partners on this commodity markets, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia. The global general equilibrium model GLOBE is used to carry out the policy scenarios and to assess the effects on oil palm plantation area in Malaysia and Indonesia. The results show that the increased EU bio-diesel target will not significantly influence the expansion of palm oil production in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6495

Fresh Produce Imports Affect U.S. Consumption and Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Sophia Wu; Huang,   Kuo S.; Wells,   Hodan Farah.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103257

What is behind a free trade agreement? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wainio,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60367

TRADE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITION, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GRIDLOCK AT THE CROSSROADS: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McClain,   Emily A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15412

TRADING WITH CANADA: THE IMPACT OF THE U.S./CANADA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON NORTH AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13291

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR HIGH-INCOME AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48472

A zöldség- és gyümölcstermelés, valamint –kereskedelem Katalóniában
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kozak,   Anita.
Spanyolország az EU egyik legnagyobb zöldség- és gyümölcstermelő országa, amely a nem mindig ideális környezeti és infrastrukturális adottságok, az utóbbi éveket jellemző makrogazdasági nehézségek, a kiszámíthatatlan piaci folyamatok ellenére is versenyképes. Ennek alapja a termelők és a kereskedők közötti szoros és hosszú távú együttműködés. A spanyolországi gyümölcstermelés egyik központjaként számon tartott Katalóniába tett tanulmányút tapasztalatait adjuk közre a termelők és a kereskedők szerveződéséről, a több szintű koordinációról, illetve az érdekképviseleti szervezetek működéséről. --------------------------------------------------- Spain is one of the largest fruit and vegetable producer country in the EU, which has preserved its competitive edge...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Zöldség; Gyümölcs; Termelés; Kereskedelem; Spanyolország; Vegetables; Fruit; Production; Trade; Spain; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119903

U.S. PORK EXPORT TRENDS: EXPORT MARKETING AND EFFECT OF TRADE AGREEMENTS (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teeter,   Bill.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33254

The SPS Agreement and Agri-food Trade Disputes: The Final Frontier
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isaac,   Grant E.
Without modification, the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) will become the battleground for many complex agricultural trade disputes. There are two interrelated reasons for this. The first reason is that the agreement confers on members considerable unilateral power to implement unchallengeable market access barriers to agri-food imports, provided those members have a legitimate justification to do so. The second reason is that much ambiguity continues to exist regarding what properly constitutes a legitimate justification. Therefore, modifications to the SPS Agreement are required to fully characterize a legitimate justification, thus ensuring that SPS-related market access barriers will be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade policy; Domestic regulatory policies; Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23847

IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING TRADE PROGRAMS TO U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Lester R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1965
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17397

AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PRICE AND EXCHANGE RATE ELASTICITY FOR US SOYBEANS: THE CASE OF JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Laxmi; Kinnucan,   Henry W.; Adhikari,   Murali; Houston,   Jack E.
Stepwise model selection criteria were tested against the restrictive forms to determine the appropriate model and to confirm the law of one price for the US soybeans. Analysis shows less than one international price transmission and exchange rate elasticities in the long run indicate an incomplete exchange rate pass through.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34708

Trade Liberalisation and the Red Meat Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Trade liberalisation in the livestock sector is not likely to benefit to any great degree from the trade negotiations on agriculture at the WTO that commenced in the spring of 2000. This is because the major barriers to trade in livestock and red meat are not related to tariffs and other traditional border measures that restrict trade or subsidisation; rather, they are governed by the WTO's SPS Agreement and the GATT's contingency protection provisions relating to dumping and countervailing duties. Negotiations on these issues will have to await a general WTO negotiating round. As SPS and contingency protection questions have many interested sectors, progress is likely to be slow and the prospects for further formal liberalisation remote in the near...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Argentina; Countervail; Red meat; SPS; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23858

NORTH AMERICAN AND THE WORLD GRAIN MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Gale.
The increase in world grain production in the past half-century was unparalleled in the history of the world. In that same period, the absolute increase in the world's population exceeded that of all previous history--it more than doubled. The supply of grain more than kept up with the rapid growth of demand--the per capita supply of calories in developing countries increased by 27 percent between the early 1960s and the early 1990s while the real price of grain in international markets declined by at least a third. The expansion of grain production since 1960 has been largely achieved through higher yields--the substitution of other inputs for land. Consequently the roles of land and the diminishing returns to land have been significantly attenuated by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: World grain; Comparative advantage; Diminishing returns; Price variability; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29177

Competitiveness in Australian Agriculture: A Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   S.; Lewis,   Philip E.T.
The concept of competitiveness develops and amplifies the older concept of comparative advantage. It is based on factors which influence domestic prices of inputs and outputs as compared with foreign competitor's prices of the same inputs and outputs. Usually national statistics of the ratio of domestic and foreign prices (adjusted by the exchange rate) are compared in the form of the real rate of exchange. The factors concerned are changes in internal and external inflation rates, changes in exchange rates, changes in productivity, changes in microeconomic efficiency, and changes in protection. In recent years the real rate of exchange for Australian agriculture has varied considerably as internal prices and costs have fluctuated about international...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12359

King or Pawn? Consumer Preference in International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomsbury,   Suzanne; Fairchild,   Gary F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93700

Determinants of the U.S. Trade Balance in Consumer-Oriented Agricultural Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhuang,   Renan; Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
This study investigates the factors behind the growing U.S. trade deficit in consumer-oriented agricultural and food products by using reliable panel data and an empirical trade model derived from international trade theory. The results indicate that per capita income in the United States appears to be the most important determinant for the growing U.S. trade deficit. Increases in per capita income and trade liberalization in foreign countries improve the U.S. trade balance. U.S. foreign direct investment abroad in food processing, a strong U.S. dollar, and NAFTA are found to have negative effects on the U.S. trade balance.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer-oriented products; Trade balance; Trade deficit; Exchange rate; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9079

U.S. Import Demand for Tilapia from Selected FTAA Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ligeon,   Carel; Bayard,   Budry; Clark,   Joy M.; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Seafood consumption in the U.S. has increased over the period 1990 to 2003.  A large percentage of the seafood consumed in the U.S. is imported. The most important seafood products imported to the U.S. are shrimp, Atlantic salmon, tilapia, catfish, crayfish, mussels and a mixture of mollusks.  In 2003, the U.S. imported 199 million pounds of tilapia and tilapia products, at a value of $241.2 million, a 38% increase from the previous year.  The seafood market has been considered an important foreign exchange earner for the Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM), and Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) member countries. Jamaica is the only CARICOM country that exports tilapia products from aquaculture sources to the U.S.  In 2003, Jamaica exported 39,950...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tilapia; Sea-food; Almost-Ideal-Demand-System; Import; FTAA countries; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36805

International Dairy Notes, December 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Will Mexico become more self-sufficient in milk production?
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91368

Competitiveness of Czech milk sector on the EU market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bošková,   Iveta.
After two years of enlarged Single Market performance we can trace and evaluate the main trends in European trade development. The contribution is focused on production and realization of Czech milk and milk products after the EU enlargement and should answer the question if the Czech milk sector found the way for continual functioning in the frame of the EU trade zone and the EU single market organisation and which are its´ chances in the near future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Milk; Competitiveness; EU market; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10035

Privatization and Liberalization and the Transition To A Market Economy: The Former Soviet Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Gale.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50833

Competitiveness in the Food Industry: a CGE Modelling Approach to assess Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banse,   Martin; Gay,   Stephan Hubertus; McDonald,   Scott; M'Barek,   Robert; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
For transition countries, the food industry sector is a key industry in terms of output and employment shares. As a competitive sector that receives substantial foreign direct investments (FDI), it plays an important role as an element in the process of integration in the European and world market. The GLOBE Computable General Equilibrium model is applied to analyse scenarios of alternative development pathways of the food industry sector, taking into account the impact of FDI in the European food industry. The scenario analyses of this study identify that with an enhanced attraction of FDI in the food processing industries in the New Member States (NMS) the integration of the agri-food sectors in the NMS into the Single European Market will become even...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Foreign direct investment; CGE; Transition countries; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8525

THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD SUGAR MARKET--A SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolte,   Stephan.
A spatial price equilibrium (SPE) model of the world sugar market is programmed. The model covers more than hundred regions and contains sugar in as a sole product. It has a detailed coverage of policies and bilateral trade agreements. It is programmed as a mixed complementarity problem (MCP) in GAMS and uses the PATH solver. The SPE framework offers considerable advantages over other model approaches applied to the sugar market before. Four scenarios are simulated: A baseline scenario until 2015/16, accounting for implementation of the EU reform and market access commitments already decided upon. The liberalization scenarios include an implementation of the Falconer proposal for the current round of WTO negotiations, a full liberalization by the EU and a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Partial Equilibrium Model; Spatial Price Equilibrium Model; MCP; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6663

Options for World Trade Organization Involvement in Food Aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
WTO members have presented diverse positions on food aid issues to the current round of negotiations on agriculture. Some members desire increased disciplines on food aid, while others are adamant that the WTO needs to fulfill past promises and meet the current need to increase the food security of developing countries. Underlying this debate are questions about the role of the WTO in food aid issues. It is proposed that a new, more cohesive institution for food aid be adopted to partner with the WTO.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Food aid; Food security; WTO negotiations on agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23913

Trade and Competitiveness of the Mediterranean Countries on the Olive Oil Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carri,   Carlo Bernini; Sassi,   Maria.
In the context of the establishment of a Mediterranean Free Trade Area, the paper analyses the structure and competitiveness of the Mediterranean basin countries in the olive oil trade and gives a preliminary explanation of the likely impact of the next liberalization process and challenges for the EU Mediterranean countries. The paper starts showing the level of integration of the international olive oil market and underlining the main factors affecting the process. Than, after a brief explanation of the methodology adopted, it analyses the main results achieved. Conclusions try to understand the impact of the competitive scenario showed by the empirical analysis on the Euromediterranean olive oil market following the trade liberalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9421

Trade-Related Policy and Canadian-U.S. Fed Cattle Transactions Basis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price differences among fed cattle prices in Canada and the United States (referred to here as fed cattle basis) are important for Canadian cattle feeders, but changing government regulations in Canada and the United States have made basis more variable. This article uses transaction data from Canadian feedlots to quantify fed cattle price differentials in light of new policy initiatives. Using transaction prices, we find that differing slaughter regulations, labeling laws, and policies affecting access to U.S. markets for Canadian cattle affect fed cattle basis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Basis; Canada; Cattle prices; Government policy; International trade; Market access; Transaction prices; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117174

A SYSTEM-WIDE APPROACH FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON FRESH APPLE IMPORT DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acharya,   Ram N.; Schmitz,   Troy G.
This study examines the impact of changes in exchange rate and import market composition on fresh apple import demand using source differentiated import demand functions. We modify the standard Rotterdam model to incorporate exchange rate effects by revisiting Barten's fundamental matrix equation of consumer demand theory and viewing exchange rate as a "sticky" preference variable. The results show that the preference variable had a significant impact on UK but not on Malaysian and Saudi Arabian import demands.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20219

Aspekte Gemeinsamer Agrarpolitik 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manegold,   Dirk.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98086

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Cristina C.; Intal,   Ponciano; Balisacan,   Arsenio M.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48477

Modeling Differentiated Quality Standards in the Agri-Food Sector: The Case of Meat Trade in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rau,   Marie-Luise; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper looks at trade impacts of quality related standards from the supply side of the exporting country. We argue that food quality standards imposed by an importing country have profound effects on the market structure of the exporting industry, and hence a significant impact on the supply response. For our analysis, we develop a stylized oligopoly model that allows for the co-existence of complying and non-complying suppliers. The model is applied to two alternative policy options to explore different mechanisms an importing county may use to enhance the quality of its imports. We take the Polish meat sector as an empirical example, since after Poland's accession to the EU the tight EU food quality standards indeed apply but the process of adjusting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality standards; Trade; Market structure; Poland; Meat sector; Oligopoly; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17; Q18; L1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25739

Doha scenarios, trade reforms, and poverty in the Philippines: A CGE Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Cockburn,   John; Corong,   Erwin L.
The paper examines the possible impact of Doha agreement on Philippine poverty. Using a detailed CGE analysis, the agreement is observed to depress world demand for Philippine agricultural exports, and thus slightly increase poverty, especially among rural households. However, an ambitious full trade liberalization scenario, which involves free world trade and domestic liberalization, leads to increased industrial exports that favor urban households. These impacts are driven primarily by domestic trade liberalization, as free world trade favors the agricultural sector by increasing the cost of competing agricultural imports.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Doha agreement; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Free trade; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59825

FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNATIONAL DEMAND AND TRADE IN ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne.
This paper describes important markets for organic foods in Europe, Japan, and North America.  The effects on demand of price premiums, distribution channels, consumer characteristics, and key consumer issues (price-quality trade off, country of origin, GMO content, and social process) are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16674

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winter-Nelson,   Alex; Argwings-Kodhek,   Gem.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48521

Gender Contribution and Constrains to Rural Agriculture and Household Food Security in Kenya: Case of Western Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omwoha,   J.N.
This study examined the contribution of gender with special emphasis on women farmers towards rural agriculture as well as factors constraining access to rural agricultural production and consequently household food security in Western Province of Kenya. Data were collected from a total of 161 women farmers, 32 women groups as well as 254 individual males farmers engaged in small-scale production of various food crops in Western Province in Kenya for a period of 1 year. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews administered to the sampled individual farmers and women groups. Outputs from individual farm productions were used as a measure of agriculture production. Comparisons were made between exclusively female owned farms, women groups and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Gender; Kenya; Women Cooperatives; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52148

The Doha Round and Food Security in the Dairy Sector in Cameroon: A Global Simulation Model (GSIM) Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leudjou,   Roland R.
In the framework of the new round of trade liberalization launched in Doha, paragraph 13 of the Development Declaration states that members will support special and differential treatment to accommodate development, including food security. This article simulates scenarios of multilateral tariff reduction from the WTO December 2008 draft modalities on agriculture for the Cameroon dairy sector. Using the Global Simulation Model, the analysis shows a substantial increase in world and domestic consumer prices, as the reduction of bound tariffs does not affect the applied tariffs given the high "binding overhang". As a consequence, consumers' welfare decreases.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer welfare; Dairy products; Domestic consumer prices; Global simulation model (GSIM); Multilateral tariff reduction; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123133

Articles from Volume 1, Issue 1, 2005, Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  Editorial; (1) China's Horticultural Trade Patterns: Implications for World Markets, by Colin A. Carter and Xianghong Li (pp. 1-16); (2) Bayesian Estimation of the Double Hurdle Model in the Presence of Fixed Costs, by Garth Holloway, Christopher B. Barrett and Simeon Ehui (pp. 17-28); (3)Spatial Heterogeneity and Adoption of Soil Conservation Investments: Integrated Assessment of Slow Formation Terraces in the Andes, by John M. Antle, Roberto O. Valdivia, Charles C. Crissman, Jetse J. Stoorvogel and David Yanggen(pp. 29-54); (4)The Multiplilcative Effect of Water Subsidies and Price Support Payments: The Case of U.S. Cotton, by Frederick Rossi, Andrew Schmitz and Troy G. Schmitz (pp. 55-70); (5) The Impacts of MFA Elimination on Chinese Fiber...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49023

Increasing Protection of GIS at the WTO: Clawbacks, Greenfields and Monopoly Rents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeung,   May T.; Kerr,   William A.
Currently there are proposals and negotiations regarding the strengthening of protection for geographic indicators (GIs) in the WTO. A major proponent of stronger protection for GIs has been the European Union. One of the arguments it has put forward for stronger protection has been that it will provide an avenue for economic development for agricultural producers in developing countries – a way to capture rents in the markets of developed countries. This paper first outlines the proposed changes to the international protection of geographic indicators. Second, the potential for groups of producers to generate and capture rents in foreign markets is assessed under differing assumptions pertaining to industry structure, product differentiation in the short...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; WTO; GIS.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43459

DOES THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE WORK? AGRICULTURAL DISPUTES AFTER THE URUGUAY ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudec,   Robert E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14612

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in the Philippines: Commodity Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangabat,   Minda C.
This book analyzes commodity aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines. The study describes the effects of trade liberalization on selected commodities namely rice, and corn, at the national level and the farm level. The analysis includes ex-ante and ex-post welfare gain and loss at the national level and profitability at the farm level.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Production; Marketing; International trade; Rice; Zea Mays; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32689

The Effects of Domestic Offset Programs on the Cotton Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
This paper analyzed the effects of the U.S. domestic offset program on the world cotton markets using a partial equilibrium model following the assumption given by Brown et al. (2010).  The results in our study are largely similar to those of Baker et al. and Brown et al., confirming that study’s findings that ACES, and its domestic offset program in particular, would cause increases in the domestic prices of several agricultural commodities. However, the overall effects of this increase in the world price on total world trade is tempered by increased exports from India, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Australia, and Western &amp; Central African countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Offset program; Cotton; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q170; Q180.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98557

AJAE Appendix: The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Disdier,   Anne-Celia; Fontagne,   Lionel; Mimouni,   Mondher.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the Article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, forthcoming.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7043

In the Beginning There Was Interstate Trade ...
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coper,   Michael.
On 18 June 1985, the High Court handed down a decision which strengthened the constitutional right of interstate traders to deal privately in barley outside the confines of Queensland's barley marketing scheme. In this article, the decision and its implications for agricultural marketing generally are examined. In particular, the concept of interstate trade, how and when a crop enters the stream of interstate trade, and whether and how Boards can lawfully acquire crops before they enter that stream, are discussed. In typical fashion, the decision raises as many questions as it answers, and should stimulate employment in the legal profession for a few years to come.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12509

IMPACT OF CFTA/NAFTA ON U.S. AND CANADIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.; Sharples,   Jerry A.; Evers-Smith,   Linda.
CFTA/NAFTA is estimated annually to add $1,430 million of U.S. agricultural exports to Canada and $1,884 million of Canadian agricultural exports to the United States. Thus CFTA/NAFTA contributed an estimated 25 percent of the $5.8 billion of U.S. agricultural exports to Canada in 1995.  Classical welfare analysis was used to estimate the implications of free trade in the dairy, poultry, sugar, and other industries that continue to be protected.  In aggregate, consumers benefit from liberalization by nearly $1 billion per year in each country. Losses to Canadian producers are absolutely and relatively greater than to U.S. producers.  Overall deadweight gains are positive to each country.  The annual combined two-country addition to national income ($292...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28320

1999 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1998-2008 by using the World Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, gradually increasing sugar prices. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23165

The GATT Negotiations and US/EC Agricultural Policies Solutions to Noncooperative Games
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Martin; Roe,   Terry L.; Mahe,   Louis Adrien Pascal.
Countries cooperate in negotiating treaties. However, treaty compliance is noncooperative; signatories comply with treaties only if compliance leaves them better off than noncompliance. US and EC agricultural policies of 1986 are modeled through a noncooperative game. Bilateral treaties, formalizations of Nash Equilibria, are presented which improve US and EC welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7491

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF AFRICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48553

Valuing Option Provisions for Export Credit Guarantees
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23269

CHALLENGES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN THE CASE OF ALBANIAN EXPORTING COMPANIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinanaj, Doloreza; Dollani, Petrit.
The authors, using the export sector companies’ data, attempt to study influence of internal organizational factors (such as structure, culture, political and power/authority issues of the decision making) on a company performance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Albanian exporting companies; Organizational change.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; C30; D20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92353

A solution for a transparent WTO market access: the Flexible Swiss Formula
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campo,   Isabelle Schluep.
The Swiss tariff schedule is characterized by many disparities and distortions. Already in the Tokyo Round countries have recognized that in that case only a harmonizing formula for tariff reduction is effective. It prevents protectionists from escaping from tariff peak reduction and rewards countries that already have considerably reduced tariffs. The implementation of the Green Box, with direct payments as the central element of Swiss agricultural policy, is the basis for further liberalization of market access. Green Box measures are more efficient and transparent compared to trade distorting tariff rate quotas and tariffs. The Flexible Swiss Formula is a middle ground between the Uruguay and the Swiss Formula. Its progressive character reduces tariff...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31993

Market Potential for Northern Plains Farm Equipment in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Roger G.; Krause,   Mark A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23463

THE IMPACT OF GROUNDNUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION: IMPLICATION FOR THE DOHA ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthey,   Holger; Diop,   Ndiame; Beghin,   John C.; Sewadeh,   Mirvat.
We use a partial-equilibrium multi-market international model to analyze trade and agricultural policies affecting peanut/groundnut products markets. The model covers four goods (food and crush quality groundnuts, groundnut oil and cake) in 13 countries/regions including a large set of developing countries (Argentina, China, the Gambia, India, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa). Welfare is evaluated by looking at the consumer's equivalent variation, quasi-profits in farming (groundnut farming, livestock), quasi-profit in crushing, and taxpayers' revenues and outlays implied by distortions. We calibrate the model on recent historical data. We analyze several groundnut trade liberalization scenarios. The impact of the reforms is measured in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22032

Despite Higher Food Prices, Percent of U.S. Income Spent on Food Remains Constant
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clauson,   Annette L.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124033

Kihívások és távlatok a szőlő- és bortermelésben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagy,   Frigyes.
Az Európai Unió a világ legnagyobb bortermelője, fogyasztója, exportőre. Ez az ágazat olyan különleges terméket tesz a fogyasztó asztalára, melynek előállítását sokan nem csupán mesterségnek, de művészetnek is tekintenek. Szorosan hozzátartozik Európa hagyományaihoz, kultúrájához, történelméhez, és nagy tudású, megszállott emberek százezreinek nyújt megélhetést. Nincsen olyan növény, amely a szőlőnél több hozzáadott értéket képes produkálni.       -               The European Union is the world’s largest producer, consumer and exporter of wine. This sector puts such a specialist product on consumers’ tables that many consider its production as not only a profession, but an art form. It is closely tied to Europe’s traditions, culture and history and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Borpiac; Egyensúlyi problémák; Átrendeződés; EU-borreform; Érdekérvényesítés; Wine market; Problems of balance; Reorganisation; EU wine reform; Lobby  power; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57729

The Drive to Economic Integration in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
In Africa there has been an immense effort in the past, continuing into the present, to unite politically and to build numerous economic integration areas. In this paper we discuss the reasons for the existence of this phenomenon in Africa which we call the drive to political and economic integration. Some conventional explanations are discussed. Our own explanation is based on the theory of bureaucracy and the imbalances emerging in the process of development. If Africa is ready for regional economic integration, it has to follow another path to this end: The path of centric integration.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Integration; Union; Bureaucracy; Centric Integration; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F15; P16; O18; O55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26199

Export Intensity and Plant Characteristics: What Can We Learn from Quantile Regression?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
Using quantile regression and a rich cross section data set for German manufacturing plants this paper documents that the impact of plant characteristics on export activities varies along the conditional size distribution of the export/sales ratio.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Quantile regression; Heterogeneous firms; International Relations/Trade; F10; D21; L60.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26390

EFFECTS OF EEC AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON EUROPEAN IMPORTS OF MEAT, DAIRY PRODUCTS, AND EGGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pagoulatos,   Emilio; Debertin,   David L.; Pagoulatos,   Angelos.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30262

CARGO PREFERENCE LEGISLATION, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AND THE FUTURE OF THE DULUTH-SUPERIOR ECONOMY: A LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gitomer,   Charles S.; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13609

THE WTO DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND AND OECD AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keeney,   Roman; Hertel,   Thomas W.
A global CGE model featuring agricultural sector detail is used to assess WTO agricultural reform. Parametric uncertainty is considered with model results evaluated based on confidence intervals. We find that continued shift in domestic support to green box payments maintains farmer welfare while providing significant welfare gains to developing regions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34790

THE WORLD AND DOMESTIC MARKETS FOR TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djorovic,   Milutin; Stevanovic,   Simo; Lazic,   Verica.
Original scientific paper
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Tobacco products; Manufacture; Market; Trade; Exports; Imports; Balance; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F19; E21.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123956

Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Korean Rice Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Young W.; Koo,   Won W.; Yang,   Seung-Ryong.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23223

World Trade in Dairy Products and the U.S. Role: An Illustrated Primer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
This paper provides a background for discussions about liberalizing international trade in dairy products under the current World Trade Organization (WTO) round of negotiations. About half of global 2002 dairy exports originated from New Zealand and Australia. These countries, which account for only a small share of world milk production and do not directly subsidize their exports, would gain substantially from liberalized trade. U.S. dairy imports exceeded exports by $800 million in 2002 and the gap is growing. Cheese is the largest import category and growing the fastest. New Zealand, Canada and the EU supply more than three-quarters of our dairy imports. Principal markets for U.S. exports, mostly cheese, nonfat dry milk, whey products and food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: World Milk Production; World Dairy Trade; U.S. Dairy Trade Deficit; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37582

The British Crisis - Notes of Interest
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1947
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8230

International Dairy Notes, February 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
2004 U.S. Dairy Exports Up, Dairy Trade Gap Narrows
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: U.S. Dairy Exports; Dairy Trade Gap; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37743

Trading Biofuels - Will International Trade Law Be a Constraint?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Loppacher,   Laura J.
Biofuels are increasingly being looked at to spur economic activity in the agricultural sector and to contribute to broader rural development goals while at the same time assisting in the reduction of harmful emissions created by burning petroleum-based fuels. Hence, biofuels appear to be a “win-win” technology that will contribute to achieving a number of important policy goals. As a result, governments around the world have become actively involved in the promotion of this new industry. The industry has expanded rapidly in the last few years but is still in a developmental stage. As the industry matures, biofuel producers will begin to see opportunities in international markets. Canada and the United States have considerable export potential due to their...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46024

FREE TRADE IMPACTS ON U.S. AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairchild,   Gary F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30383

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED WEST AFRICAN MONETARY ZONE ON COWPEA TRADE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James; Arndt,   Channing.
Member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are expected to form a West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) by 2004 whereby member countries would use a common currency in an attempt to promote regional integration. Evidence suggests that reduction in transaction cost as a result of a decrease or complete elimination of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and a decrease in real interest rates in response to elimination of exchange rate differentials positively influence trade. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of (a) a 7% real interest rate on capital and (b) zero NTBs within ECOWAS countries on cowpea trade in West and Central Africa in order to provide a measure of the potential impacts of a common monetary policy. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22236

Partial Reform of World Rice Trade: Implications for the U.S. Rice Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
This paper analyzes the consequences for the United States of a partial reform of world rice trade. It is argued that likely trade reform would occur in the japonica rice producing countries of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the European Community. Multilateral rice trade liberalization would have strong effects for medium grain rice in the United States. The strength of these effects might not be felt for a couple of years after the liberalization has begun because of minimal Japanese imports in the first couple of years of liberalization. U.S. rice millers will likely benefit more than producers. California producers would be the major beneficiaries of more open world rice markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Rice; Japonica rice; Agricultural trade; Simulation model; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51138

Expansion of Mercosur's Agricultural Exports to the EU: An Empirical Assessment of the Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jyrki S.; Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Ledebur,   Oliver von; Salamon,   Petra.
This paper provides new evidence on income and price elasticities of demand for agricultural exports from Mercosur countries to the EU. Econometric models are constructed for eight agricultural commodities - beef, cocoa, coffee, orange juice, poultry, sugar, soya and wheat - exported from Mercosur to the EU. A modelling approach based on the error correction mechanism is used in order to emphasise the importance of the dynamics of trade functions. The results indicate that there is a relatively weak demand response to income and price changes in the EU. However, the results also suggest that relative-price variations affect significantly the demand for Mercosur commodity exports, implying that the exporter's market share is influenced by price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; European Union; Mercosur; Econometric models; Cointegration; International Relations/Trade; C22; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24606

THE POTENTIAL FOR HIGH-VALUE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UNDER THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: THE CASE OF BEEF IN MEXICO AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onianwa,   Okwudili O.
The prospects for U.S. beef products in the advent of a North American Free Trade Agreement were examined using a system-wide approach to import allocation. Results indicate that increases in the standard of living in Mexico and Canada would stimulate increased importation of processed and unprocessed beef products had expenditure elasticities of less than one.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bulk; High-value; Highly processed; Import share; NAFTA; Semi-processed; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15281

Nominal and Real Exchange Rate Change by China:  Global Impacts on Agricultural Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   Stephen; Seeley,   Ralph.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/15/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9692

The Impact of Central American Free Trade Area (CAFTA) on the United States sugar market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marzoughi,   Hassan; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
This paper tries to estimate the impact of establishment of CAFTA on the United States sugar market. We use the United States sugar demand elasticity and the amount of increase in the U.S. sugar import quota under CAFTA agreement to estimate the magnitude of this effect. This study shows that these increased imports will result in a decrease in the U.S. domestic sugar price of about 1.7 cents, or approximately 8.6 percent.  Although it amounts to only pennies per pound, this decrease in the domestic price could result in the incursion of significant U.S. government expenditures given the current structure of the U.S. non-recourse loan program.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35439

The Simple Analytics of Price Supports in the Context of International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Summary published in U.S.E.R.S. (1981-    ).  Consortium on trade research...Washington, DC, 1983, p.6
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Price supports; Prices; Storage; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37855

Expanding the Agricultural Finance Frontier: A Kenyan Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibaara,   Betty; Nyoro,   James K.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the Kenyan Economy. However, agriculture has experienced low productivity over the years. Poor access to agricultural finance has been identified as a contributing factor to low crop productivity. Kenyan agriculture has undergone some fundamental changes which have profoundly affected agricultural financial services. In addition, most financiers shy away from lending to the agricultural sector because of the covariant risks related to rain-fed agriculture. Given this background, we undertake a comparative analysis of emerging models of agricultural finance that have expanded the agricultural finance frontier to the smallholder farmers. Key findings indicate that demand for farming credit takes the highest proportion of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52109

CAN THE WTO/GATT AGREEMENTS ON SANITARY AND PHYTO-SANITARY MEASURES AND TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE BE RENEGOTIATED TO ACCOMMODATE AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perdikis,   Nicholas; Kerr,   William A.; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25999

Agriculturally Related Environmental Issues in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
The consideration of environmental matters in trade liberalization agreements has become an issue since they were included in NAFTA and recognized Uruguay round agreement that created the WTO. Many WTO members, especially the less developed countries, remain opposed to including environmental issues in trade agreements. However, Canada, the U.S. and a few other countries now include environmental provisions in their bilateral and regional trade agreements; the U.S. is required to do so under its 2002 Trade Promotion Act (PL 107-210). Furthermore, the declaration establishing the Doha Round of multilateral negotiations recognizes a role, albeit a limited one, for the environment in negotiating the next multilateral trade liberalization agreement....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Agricultural trade; Trade liberalization; Doha Round; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25756

Exports and Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anwer,   Muhammad Sarfraz; Sampath,   Rajan K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35938

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP: "TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNDER NAFTA - REPORT CARD ON AGRICULTURE"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loyns,   R.M.A.; Meilke,   Karl D.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16824

FOOD SAFETY IN FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  Overview, by Laurian J. Unnevehr; Food safety as a public health issue for developing countries, by Fritz K. Kaferstein; Mycotoxin food safety risk in developing countries, by Ramesh V. Bhat and Siruguri Vasanthi; Trends in food safety standards and regulation: implications for developing countries, by Julie A. Caswell; Food safety issues in international trade, by Spencer Henson; Balancing risk reduction and benefits from trade in setting standards, by John Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki; Case study: Guatemalan raspberries and cyclospora, by Linda Calvin, Luis Flores, and William Foster; Case study: Kenyan fish exports, by Richard O. Abila; Case study: the shrimp export industry in Bangladesh, by James C. Cato and S. Subasinge; Case study:...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16033

FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RESOURCES OF IRAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koshteh,   M.H. Karim; Karbasi,   Ali Reza.
Free trading is considered as index of global economy and factor economic growth in many countries.  In this study along with recognition of growth resources, those factors such as surplus value, Labour, capital, energy, government planning and expenditure which playing the main role in economic growth has been identified and analyzed.  Also, international trade index impact along with other effective factors on surplus value are considered and estimated.  The results show that Labour and energy are the most effective inputs on surplus value respectively.  Then supposing that the sector experienced a productive agronomic year and supporting that Iran country was committed to a free trading framework, the relationships between various related variables were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Free trading; Agriculture; Investment; Labour; Energy.; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25927

LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF INTERNATIONAL FOREST PRODUCT MARKETS: THE GFPM MODEL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buongiorno,   Joseph; Zhang,   Dali; Rytkonen,   Antti; Zhang,   Yibing; Zhu,   Shushuai; Tomberlin,   David.
The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) was developed to upgrade the FAO methodology for forest products outlook projections.  Its purpose is to analyze and project the consumption, production, trade, and prices of forest products.  The system deals with 180 individual countries, three classes of roundwood, sawnwood, three kinds of panels, three of pulp, waste paper, and three types of paper and paperboard.  The system is built on market equilibrium theory, with imperfect foresight.  The short-term equilibrium is modeled by price-endogenous linear programming determining production, consumption, trade, and market-clearing prices in any given year, subject to short-term capacities of production.  Year to year changes are represented by equations predicting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14478

LABELING, TRADE AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOS): A PROPOSED SOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
The purpose of this brief article is to assess the current controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in agriculture and its potential implications for the global trading system.  More importantly, it offers a solution to the serious potential for injury to this system, to be developed below.  The remainder of this article is divided into three sections.  The next section will discuss labeling of GMO agricultural products, distinguishing between issues of food products and those affecting seed.  Next, it will argue in favor of a particular type of "negative" label ("this product contains no GMOs") as distinct from a "positive" label ("this product may contain GMOs").   This proposal draws on the U.S. experience in the dairy sector with milk...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14402

Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on Trade in Agrifood Products: Evidence from Gravity Modeling Using Disaggregated Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarker,   Rakhal; Jayasinghe,   Sampath.
The recent proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has intensified the debate on their merits. A growing literature has addressed this policy debate, focusing on the welfare and trade effects of RTAs and their likely impacts on the multilateral trading system. Some view them as stepping-stones toward multilateral trade liberalization while others see them as stumbling blocks against free trade. The existing literature has neglected some important aspects of RTAs dealing with trade in agrifood products. This study analyzes trade creation and diversion effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on trade of six selected agrifood products from 1985 to 2000. The investigation estimates an extended gravity model using pooled...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agrifood products; Gravity model; NAFTA; North American Free Trade Agreement; Regional trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18605

International Trade Liberalization Impact on the U.S. Peanut Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carley,   Dale H.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The acceptance of the NAFTA and GATT trade agreements will impact the U.S. peanut industry. This paper examines trade distorting policies and evaluates the effects of trade liberalization on peanut producers, shellers, manufactures, and U.S. consumers of peanut products. Decreasing marketing quotas and support prices are expected to reduce gross income peanut farmers, revenues to local governments, and tax bases in rural communities. Reduced peanut production would impact buyers/shellers through greater price variability and risk, changes in marketing methods and contractual relationships, and increased emphasis on buying high quality peanuts. Manufactures will have additional sources for peanut supplies. Consumers’ savings from decreases in raw peanuts...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Peanut industry; Peanut production; Peanut consumption; International trade; NAFTA; GATT; Trade liberalization; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62330

Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cipollina,   Maria; Salvatici,   Luca.
Over the time a large number of reciprocal preferential trade agreements (RTAs) have been concluded among countries. Recently many studies have used gravity equations in order to estimate the effect of RTAs on trade flows between partners. These studies report very different estimates since they differ greatly in data sets, sample sizes and independent variables used in the analysis. So, what is the "true" impact of RTAs? This paper combines, explains and summarizes a large number of results (1827 estimates included in 85 papers), using a meta-analysis (MA) approach. Notwithstanding quite a high variability, studies consistently find a positive RTAs impact on bilateral trade: the hypothesis that there is no effect of trade agreements on trade is easily and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Free trade agreements; Gravity equation; Meta-regression analysis; Publication bias; International Relations/Trade; C10; F10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18877

The Impact of United States Wheat Export Subsidy Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waltz,   Donald E.; Anderson,   Donald E.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60709

Selling Australia as 'Clean and Green'
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie); Kristiansen,   Paul.
'Green and clean' has been used as a key marketing tool to promote Australian products overseas.  The rationale is that consumers are generally concerned about personal health and the environment and will choose, and pay price premiums, for products that are, or perceived to be, clean (good for them) and green (good for the environment) over alternative products.  But is Australia seen as clean and green?  Is it really why people buy Australian products?  And how effective is it as a marketing tool?  This paper attempts to answer some of these questions.  The study found that Australia may have a clean green image at present in some of her overseas markets, but to maintain such an image over time, concrete proof of environmental and quality credentials...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export marketing; Clean and green; EMS; QA; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12899

Changing Patterns of Consumption Underlying Changes in Trade and Agricultural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50657

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Croser,   Johanna L.; Jara,   Esteban; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48632

SHRINKING INTERNATIONAL MARKETS FOR GM CROPS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33093

The Trade and Welfare Effects of State Trading in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; MacLaren,   Donald.
State trading is a common feature in the management of imports and exports of agricultural products and it has been a long-standing feature of China’s agricultural trade regime.  While the use of state trading was modified by China’s accession to the WTO, it remains a dominant feature for some commodities, even although there have been recent attempts to diminish its importance.  In this paper, we review the role that the state trading enterprise (STE), COFCO, continues to play in the importing and exporting of some agricultural commodities.  We then review the economic theory that has been developed to measure the tariff equivalent of importing state trading enterprises.  Finally, we apply that theory through a calibration exercise to measure the tariff...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Policy; State Trading Enterprises; China; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51203

RECENT CHANGES IN MARKETING AND TRADE PRACTICES IN THE U.S. LETTUCE AND FRESH-CUT VEGETABLE INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Handy,   Charles R.; Thompson,   Gary D.; Glaser,   Lewrene K.
Fifteen lettuce and bagged salad shippers were interviewed as part of a larger study on changes in produce marketing. Retail consolidation, changes in technology, and increased consumer demand for convenience, product diversity, and year-round availability have all influenced shipper-retailer relations. The interviewed firms provided more fees and services to retail buyers in 1999 than 1994. Most of the bagged salad shippers paid slotting fees, while none of the lettuce shippers were currently doing so. Bagged salad firms tended to offer services to their customers, while lettuce firms generally complied with the service requests made by retailers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Lettuce; Fresh-cut; Bagged salads; Fees; Services; Marketing; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33601

Die Millenniums-Runde der WTO-Verhandlungen und die Zukunft der EU-Agrarpolitik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan.
The Uruguay Round has established completely new rules for agricultural trade, but not yet achieved much liberalisation. The current new round of negotiations will, therefore, have to make another big step forward. Countries’ views on what exactly should be agreed in the new round still differ widely. However, it is remarkable that no country has so far doubted the validity of the new WTO rules for agriculture, nor refused to engage in serious negotiations about further reductions. The EU has so far not had major difficulties to honour the new commitments that resulted from the Uruguay Round, though in the area of export subsidies the constraints have already been felt. In the new round of negotiations, EU export subsidies will be a primary target of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO rules for agriculture; Millennium Round; EU agricultural policy; Export subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98862

Measure the measure: the impact of differences in pesticide MRLs on Chilean fruit exports to the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Achterbosch,   Thom J.; Engler,   Alejandra; Rau,   Marie-Luise; Toledo,   Roger.
This paper advances the measurement of nontariff measures (NTMs) by discussing a framework for how to compare regulations. We argue that relative differences in SPS regulations trigger the impact on trade flows between trading partner countries and specifically look at maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in a case study on Chilean fruit exports to the EU. In order to capture the relative differences and stringency in tolerance levels of trading partners, a simple indicator is constructed and applied in an econometric analysis. In comparison to existing indices of regulatory heterogeneity, the depth of information generated by our indicator severely compromises its coverage. Further development of our heterogeneity index will need to aim at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regulatory differences; Index for pesticide MRLs; Agri-food trade; Econometric analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F19; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51765

Financing agricultural inputs in Northern Togo through an inventory credit system: an economic analysis of institutional response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konlambigue,   Abdou.
Agricultural intensification is widely seen as a condition sine-qua-non for enhanced food security and as a major driver for overall economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this process, the financial system has an important role to play, especially to finance agricultural inputs. However in SSA, the financial institutions initiated by governments and donors have in general not lived up to the expectations, in particular not for the agricultural sector, because of inappropriate design and weaknesses in implementation. Even the microfinance institutions which were supposed to support the small-scale farmers have deflected for their goals due to the risks that the agricultural sector represents. To date, the economic research tends to concentrate on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financing; Agricultural inputs; Inventory credit; Togo; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52100

Investigation of the factors influencing adoption of GM crops at country level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Clare; Toma,   Luiza; Moran,   Dominic.
With the possible exception of nuclear technology, few scientific breakthroughs have generated the level of emotive debate that has surrounded the roll-out of agricultural biotechnology. Initial discussion about the environmental impacts of agricultural genetic modification, are now frequently juxtaposed with counter-claims that the technologies could actually be part of a wider global environmental solution in relation to climate change mitigation and food shortages. This study tests whether there are any consistent messages on why some countries seem to be advancing adoption of the technology, while others are not. We consider the range of claims in existing literature on adoption tendencies and then use structural equation modelling to test and estimate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Structural equation model; Global adoption.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50366

Supply and Value Chain Analysis in the Marketing of Marine Dried Fish in Bangladesh and Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) in International Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shamsuddoha,   Md.
In Bangladesh 7.3 million people live in the coastal fishing villages whose livelihood someway depends on marine fishing. About 20 percent of total marine catch dried round the year and marketed both in domestic and international market. In the supply chain of marine dried fish marketing four intermediary stakeholders are involved between producers and consumers. Besides, involvement of backward stakeholders with the primary producer is considerably high that results 22 percent value addition to raw fish. The value addition is found highest 105 percent from wholesaler to retailer, followed by 90 percent from wholesaler to exporter. In long supply chain profitability is not as high as the value added. In contrary both the profit maximization and profit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7941

A SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Atici,   Cemal.
Complete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector.  A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade.  The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; European Union; Trade liberalization; United States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15559

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sturzenegger,   Adolfo C.; Salazni,   Mariana.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48389

The Effects of NAFTA and U.S. Farm Policies on Illegal Immigration and Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luckstead,   Jeff; Devadoss,   Stephen; Rodriguez,   Abelardo.
We analyze the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and United States farm subsidies on U.S.-Mexican illegal immigration and agricultural trade. The theoretical analysis develops an integrated trade-migration model and shows that NAFTA and U.S. subsidies exacerbate the illegal labor flow and increase U.S. exports. The theoretical analysis is empirically implemented by simultaneous estimation and simulation analysis. The analysis shows that NAFTA increased the number of undocumented workers to U.S. agriculture and U.S. farm exports to Mexico by an average of 1573 and $6.82 billion, respectively. U.S. farm subsidy reduction decreases unauthorized entry marginally and U.S. farm exports by an average of $3.2 billion.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm policies; Illegal migration; NAFTA; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F16; F22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120457

THE IMPACT OF THE BERLIN ACCORD AND EUROPEAN ENLARGEMENT ON DAIRY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Beghin,   John C.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fang,   Cheng; Kaus,   Phillip J.
Using a world agricultural model, we analyze the impact on dairy markets of the Berlin Accord on the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reforms. We also investigate the consequences of enlargement of the EU to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland for the same markets. We produce a market outlook up to 2010 for these two scenarios. The Berlin Accord induces lower EU milk and dairy prices. A change in relative prices between cheese and butter-skim milk powder (SMP) occurs after 2005 and induces an expansion of cheese production, consumption, and exports at the expense of the butter-SMP sector. Accession of the three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) leads to a permanent but moderate decrease in EU prices of milk and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Berlin Accord; Common Agricultural Policy; Dairy markets; European Union enlargement; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18332

MODELLING DYNAMIC BEEF SUPPLY RESPONSE USING A MICROECONOMIC APPROACH: AN APPLICATION TO THE FRENCH CATTLE SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benjamin,   Catherine; Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14541

Intra-industry trade of Hungarian agricultural products and the EU-accession
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jambor,   Attila.
This paper analyses structural changes in Hungarian agricultural trade after EU accession, especially considering intra-industry trade. Results suggest that EU accession raised the intensity of trade contacts but had a negative impact on trade balance. After accession, national agricultural exports by countries and products has shown a high but decreasing level of concentration, while in the case of agricultural imports, concentration was increasingly high by country and constantly low by product. Agricultural trade between Hungary and EU-15 is basically inter-industrial in nature, though the role of intra-industry trade is increasing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU-accession; Agriculture; Intra-industry trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59048

International Flower Networks: Transparency and Risks in Marketing Channel Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wijnands,   Jo H.M.; van der Lans,   Karin; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Two thirds of Kenyan cut flowers are marketed through Dutch flower auctions, while the remainder is marketed directly to retailers. Auctions do not restrict the volumes marketed; however price determination is based on a spot market. A Transaction Cost approach is used to investigate the differences in marketing costs between the channels. The results suggest that there are no differences between the channels in terms of uncertainty about prices, finding buyers or transparency of quality standards. Auction growers pay a higher marketing fee but they have significantly fewer office employees and flower varieties compared to growers who market directly.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transaction Costs; Auction; Flowers; Kenya; Netherlands; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7759

The Tariff-only Import Regime for Bananas in the European Union: Setting the Tariff at Right Level is Impossible Mission
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal; Levert,   Fabrice.
On 29 November 2005, the European Union (EU) unilaterally introduced a tariff of €176 per tonne to apply from 1 January 2006 to bananas imported from countries enjoying the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. The new EU trade policy includes a duty-free annual import quota of 775,000 tonnes for bananas originating from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. This regime replaces the very complex and highly contested tariff-rate quota policy in place in the EU between 1993 and 2005. However, the banana international trade war very likely has not come to an end. Several Latin American countries have announced their intention to challenge the new EU trade policy by initiating a new WTO complaint. In this paper, we first propose an analysis of the two WTO...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quota; Tariff; Bananas; European Union; World Trade Organisation; Most Favoured Nation; African; Caribbean and Pacific countries; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25773

The Effects of BioFuels Policies on Global Commodity Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fridfinnson,   Brooke; Rude,   James.
In terms of the global situation, trade is biofuels is small relative to world-wide production; however, given ambitious consumption mandates in many developed countries as well as increasing energy consumption, this will not likely remain the case in the long-run. Although biodiesel has been classified as an industrial good, ethanol is currently marketed as an agricultural product, though not specifically for fuel use. The removal of trade barriers, particularly in the developed countries, would not only ease pressure on the traditional feedstocks and lower world ethanol prices, but allow countries with a comparative advantage to capitalize on the opportunity to produce low-cost biofuel. Whether the removal of these trade barriers on biofuels would affect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Commodity; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48119

IMPORT SAFEGUARDS: PROTECTIONIST MEASURES OR A LIBERALIZATION STRATEGY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Meilke,   Karl D.
The Doha Trade Round maintains that a considerable effort will be given to take into account better the particular needs of developing nations.  Many low-income countries argue that the flexibility to invoke a special safeguard mechanism when faced with volatile commodity markets is a necessary condition for further market access reform.  The implications of a safeguard for developing agriculture as a trade-off for lowering their tariff rates, is an important empirical question.  Two stochastic simulation experiments are developed using wheat as a case study to estimate the marginal effects of a safeguard in terms of domestic market stability and on developed exporting nations.  The results reveal that a safeguard for developing agriculture is minimally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20236

LIMITAÇÕES LOGÍSTICAS PARA EXPORTAÇÃO: O CASO DOS PRODUTOS LÁCTEOS BRASILEIROS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezende,   Adriano Abreu; Santos,   Antonio Carlos dos.
O propósito desta pesquisa é avaliar a estrutura do agribusiness do leite no Brasil, identificando as principais limitações logísticas para exportação. Especificamente pretende identificar as principais empresas exportadoras de produtos lácteos, os produtos mais exportados e os países de destino; relatar as maneiras mais freqüentes de inserção dos produtos no mercado externo; e mencionar as estruturas físicas utilizadas pelas empresas para realizarem suas exportações, avaliando suas vantagens e limitações. A presente pesquisa é qualitativa e de natureza exploratória. Como resultado constatou-se que o leite em pó é o produto mais exportado (em volume) seguido do leite condensado; entre os continentes principais importadores de lácteos brasileiros, a África...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio Internacional; Logística; Derivados Lácteos; International trade; Logistics; Dairy products; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109650

Re-Export Programs, IMMEX and the North American Sugar Market (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Green,   Randy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37390

Estrutura, Evolucao e Dinamica dos Sistemas Agroalimentares e Cadeias Agroindustriais Analise das estrategias de posicionamento e diferenciacao dos produtos no mercado a partir do caso da empresa Bertin alimentos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Ronney Marcio Faial; da Silva,   Gisleide Lima; Pereira,   Maria Do Rosario Alves; de Oliveira,   Cyntia Meireles; Silva,   Daniel Ferreira Da.
Análise das estratégias de posicionamento e diferenciação dos produtos no mercado a partir do caso da empresa Bertin alimentos que é muito competitivo, tanto local, regional, quanto nacional. A proposta do artigo é mostrar como algumas estratégias adotadas pela empresa foram bem sucedidas e diferenciam seus produtos das ofertas concorrentes, adquirindo assim, características desejadas pela maioria dos consumidores. --------------------------------------------------------------- With the processes of globalization and economic dynamics, the competition increases, therefore, the companies starts to search each time more, the differentiation of its products in the market, of form to become the captive consumers and to reach new markets. Breaking of this...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroindustria; Marketing; Competitividade; Agroindustry; Marketing; Competitiveness; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119151

Assessing the Effects of NAFTA ON Canada/US Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deng,   Hugh; Nzuma,   Jonathan M.
While there seems to be an agreement that Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA)/North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have benefited member countries, some analysts have argued that the agreements had little effect on the bilateral Canada/US agricultural trade as many other factors have contributed to the increased trade flows. Results from this study reveal that the aggregate bilateral agricultural trade flows have generally experienced a steady growth since the implementation of NAFTA with trade flows seemingly favoring Canada more than the US since 1992. At the industry level, the impacts of NAFTA on Canada/US agricultural trade were varied with the sub-sectors analyzed responding differently to the bilateral trade liberalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CUSTA/NAFTA; Agricultural trade; Liberalization; Integration; Trade flows; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24704

MODELING TECHNICAL TRADE BARRIERS UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ker,   Alan P.
As traditional forms of agricultural protection continue to decline, agricultural interests will likely seek alternative protection in the form of technical barriers. A flexible framework for theoretically and empirically analyzing technical barriers under various sources of uncertainty is derived. Attention is focused on uncertainty arising from the variation in the product attribute levels, a source not yet considered by the literature. Ex ante and ex post densities of domestic and international quantities and prices as well as the densities of their respective extreme-order statistics are derived. An example is presented to illustrate the application of the developed framework.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30825

Impactos da crise financeira internacional e da influenza A sobre as exportações brasileiras de carne suína
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Marcelo Dias Paes; Sousa,   Lucas Oliveira de; Mattos,   Leonardo Bornacki de; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
The Brazilian pork exports have been affected by several shocks on the 2000s. This paper aimed to analyze these shocks. The focus of this papers are the main international shocks on the last years: the international economics crisis and de influenza A (H1N1). Analyses were made over the main Brazilian pork exports destinations: Russia and Hong Kong. The theory of international trade was used as a theoretical framework and analysis of intervention provided methodological support. The results show that the quantum exported to Russia has not been affected by the recent shocks. However the prices was negatively affected by crisis in the short term. The quantum exported and the exports prices to Hong Kong have been negatively affected by crisis in the short...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International shocks; International trade; Intervention analyses; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114184

NAFTA and the Mobility of Highly Skilled Workers: The Case of Canadian Nurses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blouin,   Chantal.
This article examines the impact of trade treaties on health professionals' international mobility. It presents a case study of the impact of labour mobility clauses in trade agreements on the Canadian nursing labour market. It provides statistical evidence on the impact of NAFTA's Chapter 16 on the cross-border movement of Canadian nurses in the 1990s. We observed that an increasingly large number of Canadian nurses went to work in the United States using the NAFTA facilitation mechanism but that this growth could not be attributed to the trade agreement alone; domestic labour market conditions are key to understanding this cross-border movement. The article concludes that trade treaties and international migration of health personnel do not offer simple...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Labour mobility; NAFTA; Nurses; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23871

Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yusuf,   Sina A.; Yusuf,   W.A.
This study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Cointegration; ECM; Nigeria; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52181

Grower Perspectives on the Potential Impact of Expanded International Trade of Selected Plants in the U.S. Nursery Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gordon,   Ronald M.; Evans,   Edward A.; VanSickle,   John J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15689

The impact of the Mexican crisis on trade, agriculture, and migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; Burfisher,   Mary E.; Thierfelder,   Karen.
"September 1995." Includes bibliographical references (leaf 17).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Balance of trade; Equilibrium (Economics) -- Econometric models; Economic conditions; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97771

PANEL: "NEW FRONTIERS FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS"; REMARKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatamiya,   Lon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33229

Trade, Liberalization, Resource Degradation and Industrial Pollution in Developing Countries: An Integrated Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Jayasuriya,   Sisira.
“Environmental damage” is in reality many different types of phenomena, each with a unique set of causes and characteristics. We present an analytical model identifying intersectoral and interregional links of economy and environment, and explore consequences of trade policy and world price changes. The model contains explicit spatial and institutional features relevant to developing economies. We show that similar trade or policy shocks can have different effects, depending on initial economic structure, trade orientation and policies. Further, when there is more than one sectoral source of environmental damage, a policy or price shock may have unexpected environmental and welfare results.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12691

U.S. AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND THE 1985 FARM BILL: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13704

U.S. AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND WORLD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hathaway,   Dale E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17673

China's Expanding Role in Global Horticultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Zhong,   Funing; Zhou,   Yingheng; Geng,   Xianhui.
China's horticultural exports have almost doubled in value over the past decade, her imports have increased by even more, and China is increasingly a net exporter of horticultural products. After adjusting trade data for irregularities in the reported trade between Hong Kong and mainland China, growth in China's exports and imports is discussed. Major traded products and markets will be identified. Case studies are China's trade in fresh apples, which have become the major fruit export, and in cut flowers which are a relatively new export product for China. China's competitive position and market shares relative to other suppliers of apples and cut flowers to foreign markets are examined.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Trade patterns; Apples; Cut flowers; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31963

A Descriptive Analysis of Egypt and Saudi Arabia Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15698

APPRAISAL OF THE FAR EAST AND LATIN AMERICAN TEAM REPORTS IN THE WORLD FOREIGN TRADE SETTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Harry G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1960
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16995

DISPATCHES FROM THE TOMATO WARS: SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF TRADE BARRIERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15850

E.D. SMITH AND SONS, LTD.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harling,   Kenneth.
Lew Smith, the chairman of a privately owned Canadian processor, must decide whether his company will build a plant in the United States.  He has been asked to do so by one of his major customers, Loblaw.  The company has been making many improvements to its operations but it's performance has been hurt by the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States. The company has been doing very well, however, as it shifts its focus from making private label to con trolled label.  Is now the right time to expand the business into a foreign market?
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34489

Exchange Rates and U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in the Global Processed Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bolling,   H. Christine; Shane,   Mathew; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper focuses on estimating the effects of the real FDI-weighted exchange rate on real U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in the global processed food industry. We use a straightforward production possibility framework as our theoretical basis to demonstrate the shift of production between countries on the basis of exchange rate fluctuations. The log-log regression model, derived from the theoretical model, gives statistically robust results to show that for the years 1983 to 2002, the exchange rate fluctuations, the level of fixed capital in the U.S. food industry, and the cost of materials in both the United States and abroad were major determinants of the stock of U.S. FDI in the global processed food industry. As the dollar appreciated, U.S. FDI...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI); Global processed food industry; FDI-weighted exchange rates; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44699

Trade Update Notes: Report of the Task Force on Reviving the GATT Negotiations in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51151

Modelling Possible Impacts of GM Crops on Australian Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stone,   Susan F.; Matysek,   Anna; Dolling,   Andrew.
"Modelling Possible Impacts of GM Crops on Australian Trade" by Susan Stone, Anna Matysek and Andrew Dolling was released on 8 November 2002. The paper provides an analysis of the economic and trade implications of the introduction of GM technology in the grains, excluding wheat and oilseeds, sectors. It contains a detailed review of the evidence of the on-farm benefits achieved from the main GM crops commercialised to date. It assesses the consumer and regulatory environments in which GM crops are being introduced, including any associated costs. As well the paper models, using the general equilibrium model GTAP, the trade implications for Australia, and its main trading partners, of the introduction of GM oilseeds and grains under different domestic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31913

Chutes brutales des prix des céréales improbables en ce début de campagne de commercialisation 2007/08
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal prices; Rapid price fall; Food security; Mali; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57059

WORLD AGRICULTURE IN DISARRAY REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Gale.
In World Agriculture in Disarray I argued that the result of government intervention in agriculture would be to increase the costs of farm policies to taxpayers and consumers and to restrict agricultural trade. A review of the current situation in world agriculture confirms these projections. The policies of the major countries in relation to agriculture have clearly not succeeded in their aims and at the same time have created many problems, particularly in the sphere of agricultural trade. The solution to the crisis in the farm sector must take account of the inherent characteristics of agriculture itself.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22449

Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs) in the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babili,   Mahmoud.
INRs as an important card in the game of WTO accession
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: الحقوق التفاوضية الأولية (INRs)، منظمة التجارة العالمية (WTO)، التنازلات (concessions)، المادة (28) (Article XXVIII); Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49079

U.S. Dairy Trade Situation and Outlook, 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
Review of the dairy trade situation in 2004 and speculation on dairy trade issues in 2005. Includes U.S. dairy trade statistics for 2004 by product and commodity and a summary of current and pending international trade negotiations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Diary Exports; U.S. Dairy Imports; U.S. Dairy Trade Outlook; WTO Negotiations; Free Trade Agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37463

Asia-Pacific food markets and trade in 2005: a global, economy-wide perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Dimaranan,   Betina V.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Martin,   William J.
Rapid industrialization in East Asia, particularly China, is raising questions about who will feed the region in the next century and how Asia will be able to pay for its food imports. The paper ®rst reviews existing food sector projections and then takes an economy-wide perspective using projections to 2005, based on the global CGE model known as GTAP. After showing the impact of implementing the Uruguay Round, the paper explores several alternative scenarios. A slowdown in farm productivity growth is shown to be costly to the world economy, as is slower economic growth in China. Failure to honour Uruguay Round obligations to open textile and clothing markets in OECD countries would reduce East Asia's industrialization and thereby slow its net imports of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118006

NAFTA INTRA INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Fausti,   Scott W.
The paper focuses on NAFTA's impact on intra-industry and inter-industry trade in agricultural food products. Bilateral trade among U.S., Canada, and Mexico, as well as their trade with the rest of the world during 1990 and 1995 are investigated. U.S. trade patterns for agricultural food products are slowly changing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35689

A proposal to correct external effects in the coffee market: a tax on regular coffee and tea to subsidise the fair trade coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarraga,   Ibon; Markandya,   Anil.
This paper justifies the need to introduce a tax on regular coffee drinkers in the UK to subsidise the fair trade/organic coffee production. This policy will allow to take full account of the negative external effect of regular coffee production while internalising the positive effect of fair trade initiatives. Designing such a policy is possible and the benefits of it can be calculated. This paper shows how.  Propuesta para corregir las externalidades en el mercado de café: un impuesto sobre el te y el café regular y una subvención sobre el café de Comercio Justo.  El presente artículo justifica la necesidad de introducir un impuesto sobre los consumidores de café y té en el Reino Unido para subvencionar la producción de café orgánico y de Comercio Justo....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee market; Fair trade; International Relations/Trade; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7991

Der Markt für Wein
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Dieter.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97427

The Optimal Processor Tariff Under the Byrd Amendment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew; Schmitz,   Troy G.; Seale,   James L., Jr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15638

The Transformation of the Irish Economy - The Role of Public Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flinter,   Dan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112946

FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE PROGRAMS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myers,   Max.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1959
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17757

The Impact of Oil Prices on the U.S. and Mexico Sweetener Markets (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Owen.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50567

STRUCTURE AND CONDUCT OF THE WORLD RICE MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Hyunsoo; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the world rice market through a Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework utilizing annual data from 1970 to 2007. Since World War Two, the world rice market has been very unstable, with rice prices experiencing volatile swings in both rice price and rice availability. Therefore, a SCP framework can provide crucial insight into the world rice market for policy makers. Also, this paper describes the effects of total production, export rice price, and real exchange rate for exporting countries on total export volume from an export supply model standpoint. On the basis of these results, it is evident that market power exists in the international rice market with respect to supply elasticity and an exporting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: S-C-P paradigm; World rice market; Concentration ratio; HHI; Export rice price; Exchange rate export supply function; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46080

A GABONAPIACI KERESLET SZEREPLŐINEK ÁTALAKULÁSA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kemenyne Horvath,   Zsuzsanna.
A tanulmány bemutatja a hazai gabona keresletében bekövetkezett vertikális és horizontális átrendeződést és annak hatásait. A kérdőíves megkeresés és a mélyinterjúkból született válaszokat felhasználva, klaszteranalízis segítségével lehetővé vált a felvásárlói oldalon álló szereplők tipizálása, továbbá az áralku döntéseik modellezése. Megállapítható, hogy a gabonapiacon elsősorban a nagy kereskedelmi cégek és holdingok az árvezetők, ami méretükkel, tároló kapacitá-saikkal, logisztikai adottságaikkal és stratégiájukkal magyarázható. A feldolgo-zók (malom, takarmánykeverő, vetőmagos cégek), az integrátorok, kiskereskedők és egyéb cégek árelfogadók a gabonapiacon. Az intervenciós árszint a keresleti oldalon álló szereplők áralkuit, gabonapiaci stratégiáját...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gabonapiac; Intervenció; Klaszteranalízis; Keresleti oldal; Áralku; Grain market; Intervention; Cluster analysis; Demand side; Price deal; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57664

ANALYSIS OF EXCHANGE RATE LINKED SUBSIDIES FOR NON-PRICE EXPORT PROMOTION: THE CASE OF COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Laxmi; Adhikari,   Murali; Houston,   Jack E.; Kinnucan,   Henry W.
An equilibrium displacement framework was developed to evaluate the effect of exchange rate linked subsidies for non-price export promotion for  US cotton.  Study  results  show that an increase in promotion expenditure increased the dollar value and  producer welfare of cotton growers.   The gross gain to the domestic cotton producers from the exchange-rate linked subsidy scheme was positive.  These evidences support  exchange rate linked subsidies for US cotton export promotion.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19826

Path Interdependence Among Early and Late Bloomers in a Dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaitan,   Beatriz; Roe,   Terry L.
The closed economy neoclassical growth model predicts convergence to a capital stock level that is independent of its initial level, suggesting that discrepancies in per capita income among the world’s economies should largely disappear in the long-run. This paper shows that international trade among countries differing only in their level of initial capital is sufficient to generate long-run income differences across countries. The long-run level of capital of the country most initially endowed with capital is shown to exceed the level of capital otherwise obtained in autarchy while the country least endowed converges to a capital stock lower than would otherwise be obtained in autarchy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International trade; Development; Multiple Equilibria; International Relations/Trade; O41; F43; F11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7183

Revisiting Barriers to Trade: Do Foregone Health Benefits Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Sidi; Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade health wto policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54974

AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE URUGUAY ROUND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Brian G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17642

Gondolatok a magyar mezőgazdaság versenyképességéről
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csaki,   Csaba.
A magyarországi mezőgazdaság helyzetére a csökkenő versenyképesség, pozíció- és piacvesztés jellemző, belföldön és külföldön. A hazai agrárvilág legsúlyosabb gondja a változó piaci körülményekhez való alkalmazkodás hiánya, amiben sajnos szerepet játszik az is, hogy az egyébként szükségszerű mezőgazdasági rendszerváltás nem járt együtt korszerű agrárstratégia kibontakozásával, az EU csatlakozásra való megfelelő felkészüléssel. Rendkívül káros a termelési szerkezet extenzív irányú eltolódása, az alacsony jövedelemtermelő képesség. A kiindulási állapot mellett, a helyzet megváltoztatásában célszerű számolni az európai mezőgazdaság és agrárpolitika változásaival is. A versenyképesség javítása közmegegyezésre épülő stratégiát, komplex tennivalókat igényel....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Versenyképesség; Változó környezet; Termelési szerkezet; Agrárstratégia; Komplex megoldás; Competitiveness; Changing circumstance; Production structure; Agricultural strategy; Complex solution; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58896

Asia's Livestock Industries: Changes and Environmental Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Asia’s livestock populations and production of edible livestock have risen substantially in recent years. Asia has increased its global share of livestock and livestock products. Furthermore, it has greatly increased its involvement in world trade in edible livestock products, e.g., exports of poultry meat and pig meat and imports of bovine meat and milk products. This article highlights these changes focussing on China, considers the reasons for these and their possible consequences for the environment. Future possible threats to Asia’s export of livestock products are also discussed, such as environmental and animal welfare concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54347

TRADE ISSUES IN THE 2012 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; Agricultural Trade; WTO Doha Round; Preferential Trade Agreements; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q18; Q17; F13; F53.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109483

New Developments in Cotton Trade with China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cougot,   Dale.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33363

Benefit-Cost Analysis and Socio-Economic Considerations of Trypanosomiasis Control and Treatment in Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wahab,   S.; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel.
The paper estimates the cost of tsetse control and treatment of trypanosomiasis and the benefits involved, using benefit-cost analysis. It also estimates the extent to which socio-economic characteristics of farmers affect the use of tsetse control techniques, using a maximum Likelihood-Binary Logit model. The results show that farmers will benefit if they invest in control and treatment of the disease. We find that the farmer accepting the challenge that the tsetse fly is a threat to cattle production, the number of dependants the farmer has, and the farmer agreeing that the bite of the tsetse fly causes the nagana disease are significant factors that affect adoption of control practices including the use of prescribed drugs. Our findings suggest that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52878

O COMÉRCIO BRASILEIRO DE CARNE SUÍNA E O POTENCIAL EXPORTADOR MEDIANTE ELIMINAÇÃO DE BARREIRAS EXTERNAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rubin,   Luciane da Silva; Ilha,   Adayr da Silva.
Este estudo analisa o panorama e o potencial exportador do setor brasileiro de carne suína frente à suposição de futuros acordos de liberalização multilateral ou por integração econômica entre o Brasil e determinados blocos/países. Para analisar o panorama e o potencial exportador do setor de carne suína, desenvolvem-se quatro generalizações metodológicas: o potencial importador dos blocos/países, o cálculo da evolução do Índice de Vantagem Revelada das Exportações do Brasil e de seus principais concorrentes no interior de cada bloco, pesquisa bibliográfica das principais barreiras existentes e cálculo do Índice de Orientação Regional. Os resultados, quanto ao potencial importador, indicam que a União Européia (UE) e a Comunidade dos Estados Independentes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio potencial; Barreiras comerciais; Carne suína; Commerce potential; Commercial barriers; Pork; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110070

Precaution and Protectionism: GM Food and the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rigby,   Dan; Burton,   Michael P.; Young,   Trevor.
The dispute between the US and EU over GM foods at the WTO is examined in terms of the issues it raises about protectionism and environmental protection and precaution. The issue of whether GM, GM Derived and Non-GM foods are equivalent to each other is examined using data from a national choice modelling study in the UK. These categories of food are critical since they underpin the EU's new food labelling regime which it hoped would defuse the WTO dispute. The results are analysed using a Bayesian mixed logit model which allows greater flexibility in the modelling of preference distributions. This is particularly crucial where, as in this case, bi-modal distributions are identified with some indifferent or mildly averse to GM foodtypes while others are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GM food; Mixed logit; WTP; Bayesian; WTO; International Relations/Trade; C11; C24; C25; D12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24447

MINNESOTA'S PLACE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13932

Agricultural Value Chain Development in West Africa – Methodological framework and case study of mango in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Melle,   Cathelijne; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Hell,   Kerstin.
Globalization and competitiveness of agricultural commodities could have significant potential benefits for food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. Participation in global trade and economy is potentially important but not enough to ensure benefits at all levels of the chains and equitable distribution of income for each participant. Efficiency is key in the commodity value chain, but effective support functions and services, infrastructure, legal and policy environment are important. This paper presents the framework of value chain concept and analysis, as a guide to enhance competitiveness of commodities at national, regional or global level. The paper applies the value chain framework to a case study on mango in Benin, West Africa. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benin; Mango; Value chain; West Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51994

International Dairy Notes, November 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
U.S. Dairy Exports are Setting a Blistering Pace in 2005
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: U.S. Dairy Exports; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37742

Estimating the Tariff-Equivalent of NTMs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dean,   Judith M.; Feinberg,   Robert; Ferrantino,   Michael J.; Ludema,   Rodney.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15858

North America and the “Three Noes”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Greg.
Since the terrorist attacks on the United States in September 2001, an awkward nexus of security and economics has been the primary driver of North American governance. This nexus emerged as a pragmatic response to the poisonous politics of economic integration that ensued after 1994 and the advent of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In 2005, the three NAFTA countries launched the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP), aimed at reinvigorating the North American agenda to reflect the realities of security and economics. Unfortunately, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has become the main focal point for policies affecting America’s borders as the department’s mandate has overwhelmed economic considerations and the policy approach...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90595

Why is Nation Building So Bloody? Two Cases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In this paper I present case studies of the history of Nation Building in the United States and Turkey. In the United States the nation building project involved the transition of thirteen British colonies to a nation state. In the case of Turkey the nation building project involved a transition from a multinational empire to a Turkish Republic The motivation for writing the two case studies was the abrupt shift in policy by the Bush Administration following the terrorist attack on the New York World Trade Center Towers on September 1, 2001. During his presidential campaign and during his first months in office George W. Bush vigorously criticized what he interpreted as the nation building efforts of the Clinton administration. Before the end of its first...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7305

CONVERGENCE, HARMONIZATION, AND COMPATIBILITY UNDER NAFTA: A 2003 STATUS REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Ochoa,   Rene F.
In the 2001 Workshop the authors developed and applied a taxonomy and framework for assessing the status of agricultural and food policies in each of the NAFTA countries (Knutson, Loyns and Ochoa, 2002).  It divided the policies into the following areas:   -Facilitate growth and progress.  –Regulation.  –Market intervention.  For each area the paper identified the major points of conflict that existed in 2001 at the time the paper was written and the requirements for harmonization.  The major areas of conflict included;  -Facilitate growth and progress:  particularly grades and standards in grains (US-CA) and beef (US-CA); trade policy in dairy (US-CA), sugar (US-MX), poultry (US-MX), and wheat (US-CA); infrastructure policies (border conflicts US-MX)....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16811

A hazai hús és az élelmezési célra alkalmas melléktermékek kereskedelmi pozíciójának vizsgálata
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poor,   Judit.
A hús és húskészítmények termékcsoport fontos szerepet töltött be hazánk agrár-külkereskedelmében az agrárexporton belüli részesedése, valamint külkereskedelmi egyenlege alapján, annak ellenére, hogy mindkettő csökkenő tendenciát jelzett a vizsgált időszakban, miközben a világ húsfogyasztása és külkereskedelme jelentős bővülést mutatott. A dolgozat a konstans piaci részesedés (CMS) modellje és a megnyilvánuló komparatív előny (RCA) mutató alapján vizsgálja a hús és élelmezési célra alkalmas vágási melléktermékek (HS02) külkereskedelmi pozíciójának változását az 1997-2006 közötti időszakra vonatkozóan. A CMSmodell eredményei szerint az export bővülése a vizsgált időszak alatt a célországok importnövekedésének köszönhető. Pozitív reziduális hatás csupán a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Húspiac; Külkereskedelem; CMSmodell; RCA mutató; Meat market; Foreign trade; CMSmodel; RCA index; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92493

UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL TRADE:  WHERE ARE THE GAINS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew.
This paper discusses the interface between the U.S. agricultural policy and the economic gains from exports. The theory shows that the net gains from trade after government subsidies are accounted for can be small or nonexistent. Some empirical evidence is discussed to support this claim. Policy options are presented to enhance gains from trade from U.S. exports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32128

New Zealand Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilmour,   Brad; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
In 1984, New Zealand introduced important policy reforms in order to address major macroeconomic and fiscal imbalances. New Zealand's support to agricultural producers rapidly decreased from 30 percent of the value of production to about 2 percent, and has remained the lowest among OECD economies since that time.  After a difficult transition, the removal of subsidies resulted in a more diversified and competitive rural economy in New Zealand; total factor productivity growth has been roughly 2.5 percent annually since 1984, compared to roughly 1.5 percent in the prereform period.  This Policy Review focuses on agricultural policy today and how New Zealand is supporting the agricultural sector now without resorting to subsidies. It describes the policy New...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Agricultural policy; Benchmark; Proactive; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46688

Border Price and Export Demand Shocks for Developing Countries from Rest-of-World Trade Liberalization Using the Linkage Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52797

Standards, a catalyst for the winners - a barrier for the losers? An empirical analysis of the impact of higher SPS measures on the trade performance of developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemnitz,   Christine; Kuenkel,   Nana.
Within the debate about developing countries export competitiveness the increasing importance of food safety and quality standards especially in OECD countries appeals to be one of the major sources of concern. The paper analyses the trade performance of 73 developing countries within the context of stricter SPS measures. The analysis concentrates on the meat and fruit / vegetable sectors as especially high value product sectors are determined by standards. The periods under consideration are 1993- 1995, as a period before the implementation of the SPS Agreement and 2002- 2004, as a period after the implementation. A cluster analysis groups the countries according to the variables "ratio" and "difference" of the export value to OECD countries including the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Safety; SPS; Developing Countries; Cluster Analysis; Competitiveness.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10039

EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND U.S. POULTRY EXPORTS: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yuan,   Yan; Awokuse,   Titus O.
Very little research exists on the potential impact of exchange rate volatility on agricultural trade. This paper evaluates the effects of exchange rate volatility on U.S. poultry exports using the gravity model on panel data. We find that exchange rate volatility has a negative effect on the U.S. poultry export but only statistically significant for the model in which we use the variance of spot exchange rate as the measurements. Consistent with previous studies, foreign incomes are also a very important determinant of poultry trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; Volatility; Agricultural trade; Poultry exports; Panel data; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22083

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE 4TH YOUNG SCIENTISTS WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE YSW-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bokusheva,   Raushan; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
This Discussion Paper contains the greater part of the contributions to the Young Scientists Workshop on Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO, September 4-5, 2006). After last years’ positive response, the workshop has been organized for the fourth time and has a solid number of contributions. The aim of this annual event is to give young scientists the opportunity to present and discuss their transition-related research. The following short versions of the workshop contributions serve as a basis for discussion during the workshop, but also offer a cross-sectional overview of current research being carried out by young scientists. Although the issues covered by the workshop contributions are quite diverse, they share a common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91964

RATIONAL INCOMPATIBILITY WITH INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT STANDARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Yang,   Yi-Nung.
This paper considers the incentives of firms to conform to an exogenous international product standard. Product standardization enables traditional, price-based international competition.  But the existence of redesign costs or network effects creates market frictions that diminish the incentive to standardize if there already exists a different technology in an established market. This leads to multi-attribute competition between products and will generally reduce trade flows. Not only do incumbent firms using a different technology have an incentive to deviate from the international standard, but a host country government that is also concerned for the welfare of consumers who own the old technology has no incentive to enforce the international standard....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compatibility; International standardization; Network effects; Redesign costs; Technical barriers to trade; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F15; L11; L13; L51.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14597

National Treatment and American Foreign Policy - The Evolution of National Treatment Approaches in International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kucherepa,   Peter.
The National Treatment Clause, Article 1102 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, protects foreign investors from discrimination, including expropriation of their investments. This national treatment approach - equal treatment of foreign investors and local investors by states - was developed to encourage investment in Europe after the Second World War. Over the course of fifty years, the approach has evolved to provide foreign investors with protections over and above those provided to domestic investors. This article discusses the evolution of national treatment approaches, from affording foreign investors equal treatment to ensuring new investment conditions in international trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International trade; Investment; NAFTA; National treatment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23821

The path to an NZETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collins,   Julie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96664

Long Run Implications of WTO Accession for Agriculture in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Martin,   William J.; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55025

Discussion: Animal Identification Systems in North America: Achievements and Future Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.
Although Canada has developed an effective animal identification system, and the provinces are progressing toward a system that has full traceback capabilities, the U.S. and Mexico have made little or no progress. Contemporary U.S. proposals for state initiatives will not work. In the meantime, the U.S. livestock industry will continue to lose markets for its products and has little to no basis for complaining about lost sales and the lack of open markets. Also indentified are relevant economic and political principles that both underlie animal identification systems and the failure to make positive steps forward toward establishing a North American animal identification system.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal identification (ID); Zoonoses; Livestock diseases; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; F13; H41; I19.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92602

Do Preferential Trade Agreements Promote Growth? An Evaluation of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dean,   Judith M.
The few empirical studies which examine the effects of preferential trade liberalization on growth find no direct relationship between membership in a PTA and growth across countries. This is somewhat surprising, given the large literature which argues that trade liberalization is likely to encourage more rapid growth. However, sensitivity analysis has shown that this link between freer trade and growth may be indirect, as freer trade strongly increases investment, and higher investment strongly increases growth. This paper tests for both direct and indirect effects of preferential trade liberalization on growth and investment, by examining the impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act--a non-reciprocal PTA implemented by the U.S. in 1984 to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15867

Challenges of the World Trading System For CEE Countries and the FSU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ash,   Ken; Brink,   Lars.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50835

Integrating Environmental Protection and North American Free Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emerson,   Peter M.; Nessman,   Alan C.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) represents significant developments in both regional trade liberalisation and environmental protection. Pre-agreement negotiations offered non-government organisations (NGOs) considerable opportunity to reduce areas of potential conflict between these two objectives. The Agreement deals with both boundary problems and common standards without dictating uniformity of standards or impinging greatly on each nation's sovereign control over matters within its own borders. The introduction of this practical strategy into the international trade arena could be the most significant feature of the NAFTA in shaping future regional and international trade negotiations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12333

Western Hemisphere Integration: Trade Policy Reform and Environmental Policy Harmonization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Denice; Krissoff,   Barry; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50815

Internationalisierung der Wettbewerbspolitik: Korrelat zur internationalen Handelspolitik?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koopmann,   Georg.
Die Liberalisierung und Integration von Märkten kann zu einer deutlichen Verstärkung negativer externer Effekte der Wettbewerbspolitik der Behörden und der Wettbewerbsstrategien der Unternehmen eines Landes in anderen Ländern führen. Dieser Entwicklung könnte durch eine Internationalisierung der Wettbewerbspolitik entsprochen werden, ohne den "Wettbewerb zwischen den Wettbewerbsregeln" vollständig auszuschalten. Eine supranationale Rahmenregelung für den Wettbewerb müßte vor allem einen Mechanismus beinhalten, der die Neigung der nationalen Wettbewerbspolitik zur Diskriminierung zwischen Inlands- und Auslandsmärkten überwinden und Verzerrungen des internationalen Wettbewerbs "an der Quelle" beseitigen könnte. Die Initiative zur Durchsetzung des...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26145

Reaping the Gains from Trade: Constraints and Opportunities of Agricultural Credit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chloupkova,   Jarka; Bjornskov,   Christian.
International trade liberalisation often implies increased potentials for export production. For investing in increasing capacity in agriculture, farmers need to have credit access. However, farmers in many countries are credit constrained, e.g. due to collateral reasons, which is the case in Central Europe and East Africa, among others. A model illustrates the additional producer gains from having access to credit; the gains are composed of a price effect, an investment effect, and a social capital externality. Improvement of agricultural credit can be achieved by relying on existing social structures, such as farmers' social capital. This approach tackles the collateral issue and can furthermore entail benefits external to the investment decision. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24189

Potential Impact of Trade Negotiations on the USA Peanut Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Carley,   Dale H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60037

BILATERAL TRADE OF DURUM WHEAT AND BARLEY UNDER CUSTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM PRICE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of Canadian exports of durum wheat and barley to the United States on the U.S. domestic prices of these two commodities and farm income in durum wheat and barley growing regions in the United States. Major factors affecting trade flows of agricultural commodities between the United States and Canada are the U.S. export enhancement program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, marketing power of the Canadian Wheat Board, differences in macroeconomic conditions, and differences in resource endowments. They have influenced Canadian exports positively and resulted in major increases in Canadian exports of agricultural commodities to the United States. The increased Canadian exports reduce domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral Trade; Farm Income; Subsidies; Resource Endowments; Durum Wheat; Barley; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23415

Environmental Provisions in Free Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Numbers of free trade ageements and those with environmental provisons have grownn rapidly. Enviomental measures include those to protect and enhance the environment, environmental cooperation and citizen particpation activties.  Many appear to have made important contributions to environmental activities although often constrained by limited funds.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Free trade; Trade agreements; Environment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123723

FARM COSTS AND EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doering,   Otto C., III; Schmitz,   Andrew; Miranowski,   John A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17674

Interregionale und internationale Verflechtung  der Ferkelversorgung in Deutschland – Berechnung regionaler Versorgungsbilanzen und Kalkulation  der Produktionskosten für Ferkel im interregionalen sowie internationalen Vergleich
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Zusammenfassung:  Ziel dieser Studie über die Verflechtung der Ferkelversorgung ist es zum einen quantitativ darzustellen, welche Bedeutung interregionale und internationale Ferkellieferungen für die Schweinemast in Deutschland haben. Zum anderen sollen durch einen Vergleich der Produktionskosten und ihrer Bestimmungsgründe einige Ursachen für Wettbewerbsvorteile und Wettbewerbsnachteile im Bereich der Produktion identifiziert werden. Die Bedeutung der interregionalen und internationalen Ferkellieferungen ist aus Bilanzrechnungen zur Ferkelversorgung in den Bundesländern zu entnehmen. Sie zeigen, dass die süddeutschen Ferkelerzeuger bei der Belieferung der nordwestdeutschen Veredelungsregionen Marktanteile an die Konkurrenten in den ostdeutschen Ländern...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ferkelerzeugung; Versorgungsbilanz; Ferkeltransport; Internationaler Kostenvergleich; Piglet production; Supply balance sheet; Piglet transport; International comparison of costs; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102498

Detecting COOL Impacts on US-Canada Bilateral Hog and Pork Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Felt,   Marie-Helene.
Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) regulation has been applied in the United States meat sector since October 2008. The industry must label beef, lamb and pork (ground meat and muscle cuts) sold through retail outlets according to its country of origin. The labelling requirements create differentiation at the retail level and may impose additional costs on producers, processors and retailers in the U.S. and elsewhere. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate whether there has been structural change in U.S. import demand for Canadian hog/pork products. Given that COOL has been in place for a limited period of time, we implement statistical procedures that are robust to structural change occurring at the end of the sample. We find evidence that COOL...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Country of origin labelling; Structural change; North American hog/pork sector; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95811

RESTRICTING WHEAT IMPORTS FROM CANADA: IMPACT OF PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND U.S. EXPORT POLICY GOALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
Because increasing yearly U.S. imports of Canadian wheat have been a major concern of U.S. wheat interests, a policy restricting Canadian wheat imports may endure for the next few years. However, within the context of product differentiation, placing a restriction on the importation of a product that resembles one which is produced domestically may not benefit domestic producers of the product or the interests of policymakers. This analysis shows for various criteria under which EEP targets and bonus amounts have been chosen, it is unlikely that a restriction on U.S. wheat imports from Canada will have any beneficial effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Export Enhancement Program; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51217

Empirical analysis of agricultural trade between EU and China: Explanation behind China's growing agrifood imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
This study attempts to identify and measure quantitatively the effects of changing economic environment and trade policies on China’s agricultural imports from the EU as well as globally. The approach is to model behavioural relationships in the agricultural trade between China and the EU by using annual trade data from 1986 to 2005. The results indicate that Chinese agricultural imports are relatively inelastic to absolute price changes, but relative price changes significantly affect the market shares of EU exports due to price competition. Trade liberalisation in the form of tariff reductions is trivial in changing the quantity of China’s agricultural imports from the EU. China’s growing agrifood imports has been fuelled by rapid income growth of its...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU; China; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43962

Agriculture and Water Quality Trading: Exploring the Possibilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ribaudo,   Marc.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124076

International Trade and Competitiveness of Lake Victoria Fillets in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew.
Given the importance of EU demand for chilled fish fillets to the exporting sectors in Tanzania and Uganda, this study estimated the EU’s import demand for fillets by country of origin to assess the competitiveness of exporters. Results imply that prices in Tanzania and Uganda had an insignificant impact on total imports expenditures in the EU. Conditional and unconditional cross-price effects indicated that exports from Lake Victoria did not compete with exports from other suppliers, such as Iceland, Norway and ROW. Import demand forecasts showed that market share in the EU should remain relatively unchanged given the trend in prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fillets; Import demand; EU; Lake Victoria; International Relations/Trade; F17; Q17; Q11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9363

Doing Business in an Industry With Difficult Economics - Food Master's Experience in Dairy Processing and Marketing in Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esenova,   Saulesh; Dobson,   William D.
Food Master, a U.S.-based firm with dairy processing and marketing investments in Kazakstan, has found itself in an industry with difficult economics. Despite having excellent top management and doing many things correctly, this firm lost money in 1999 and was forced to restructure. While positive developments emerged for the firm in 2000 and 2001, the firm's long-run profit prospects remain uncertain. The challenges facing the firm and government agencies attempting to foster investment in Kazakhstan's dairy industry include shortages of quality milk, shortages of farm and agribusiness credit at acceptable terms, limited numbers of qualified mid-level and lower-level managers, and pervasive corruption. This study of Food Master's experience in Kazakhstan...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Master; Kazakhstan; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37656

COMPETITIVENESS OF CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD EXPORTS AGAINST COMPETITORS IN ASIA: 1980-97
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Kevin Z.; Duan,   Yufeng.
Asia is the second largest market for the Canadian agri-food exports after the United States market.  The competition in Asia has become more intensive in recent years as the agri-food sector in developed nations such as Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States has increasingly relied on exports for growth because of their own slow-growing domestic food consumption.  How did the performance of Canadian agri-food exports to Asia measure up to the performances of its main competitors?  This research attempts to identify Canada's competitiveness in agri-food exports to Asia, relative to Canada's main competitors.    The analysis is based on the 1980-97 trade data from the World Trade Analyzer (WTA), produced by the International Trade Division of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24042

Multi-level Processes of Integration and Disintegration. Proceedings of the Third Green Week Scientific Conference.
Provedor de dados: 31
This volume of proceedings, available as both a hard copy and a pdf file, is an edited compilation of selected contributions to the MACE Conference 2009, held in Berlin, Germany, at the ICC from 14 to 15 January 2009. We would like to thank all those persons and organisations who contributed to the realisation of the MACE Conference 2009 as well as the volume you are holding. First of all, we thank all the lecturers, whose commitment made the conference possible. The conference would not have been successful without the active engagement of such a large number of colleagues from IAMO, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and ATSAF. Thanks to all of them. Furthermore, we appreciate the support provided by the European Union, particulary to the Marie Curie...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92312

United States Trade Flows for Selected Categories of Specialty Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lowe,   Garfield G.; Davis,   Carlton George; Kilmer,   Richard L.
Nationally, Florida ranked second in farm cash receipt from all crops and second, based on value, in vegetable production (USDA, 2003). It also ranked fourteenth out of all the states with respect to agricultural exports with its top exports, fruits and vegetables, falling within the category of specialty crops. According to the USDA (2003), Florida's agricultural exports help to boost farm prices and income and supported approximately 17,000 jobs both on and off farm in 2001, and as such are important to Florida's agricultural and statewide economy. From a Florida farm cash receipts perspective, increased imports could undermine revenue earnings from specialty crop production, especially if there is not a comparable growth in the exports of these crops....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15651

Maturities, Nonlinearities, and the International Transmission of Short-Term Interest Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mougoue,   Mbodja; Noula,   Armand Gilbert; Ajayi,   Richard A.
This paper employs linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to re-examine the dynamic relation between daily Eurodollar and U.S. certificates of deposit rates during the July 16, 1973 to May 1, 2006 period.  This study also conducts sub-period analysis based on the switching regression technique of Goldfield and Quant (GQSRT) (1972, 1973, and 1976).  The main empirical findings are (1) Full-sample results show significant bi-directional linear causality from the CD and CD interest rates for one-month maturities and unidirectional linear causality between the EURO and CD interest rates for three-month and six-month maturities.  Furthermore, full-sample results reveal for all three maturities.  (2) Sub-sample results based on linear tests show a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Eurodollar interest rates; CD interest rates; Linear and nonlinear causality; Financial market integration; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; F3; C1.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50009

The Impact of Microeconomic Structure Adjustment and Macroeconomic Variables under NAFTA on U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Brian,   Hilbun.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103331

EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE MELÃO: UM ESTUDO DE SÉRIES TEMPORAIS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araujo,   Aracy Alves; Sousa,   Alexandre Gervasio; Santos,   Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos.
Este estudo apresenta uma análise da exportação brasileira de melões através da verificação das séries volume exportado, preço doméstico e taxa de câmbio utilizando a metodologia VAR, no período de janeiro de 1996 a março de 2007. As séries estudadas eram nãoestacionárias e, por isso optou-se pela utilização do conceito de co-integração. No entanto, o número de vetores de co-integração foi igual ao número de variáveis do modelo e por isso, utilizou-se o modelo Vetorial Auto Regressivo – VAR em nível. A decomposição da variância dos erros de previsão indicou que após choque não antecipado sobre as variáveis, a maior parte do seu comportamento ao longo do tempo continua sendo explicado pela própria variável.---------------------This study presents an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comércio internacional; Exportação de melão; VAR; International trade; Melons exportation; VAR; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107886

DIE WTO-MINISTERKONFERENZ IN HONGKONG: WELCHE HANDELSWIRKUNGEN HABEN DIE AKTUELLEN VORSCHLAGE FUR DEN MARKTZUGANG?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brockmeier,   Martina; Pelikan,   Janine; Klepper,   Rainer.
In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Vorschläge der EU, der USA, der G 20 und der G 10 analysiert. Die Simulationen werden mit einem erweiterten GTAP Modell durchgeführt. Zu-sätzlich wird die GTAP Datenbasis um gebundene Zölle ergänzt, so dass "Wasser in den Zöl-len" Berücksichtigung findet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Handelsbilanzentwicklung der EU 27 in den Sektoren für Rindfleisch, Zucker und sonstiges Fleisch maßgeblich durch die Höhe der Zollkürzungen beeinflusst wird. Die Handelsbilanz der Märkte für Getreide und Milch wird hingegen durch den Abbau der Exporterstattungen dominiert. Eine Dekompositi-on der Ergebnisse liefert weitere Details.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14951

PROPOSED IMMIGRATION POLICY REFORM &amp; FARM LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walters,   Lurleen M.; Emerson,   Robert D.; Iwai,   Nobuyuki.
The issue of legalization for unauthorized farm workers is examined in this paper. The analytical framework uses a treatment effects approach which casts legalization as a treatment under the assumption of heterogeneity. The results show an overall positive impact of legalization on farm worker wage outcomes and with the expected positive sorting on the gains from legal status.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6285

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF TRADE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND MARKET POWER: THE CASE OF RICE EXPORTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Hyunsoo; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
This paper aims to (1) analyze the relationship between rice exports and economic growth for the world’s top four exporting countries (Thailand, Vietnam, India, and the U.S) and (2) seek to determine to what extent market power affects a country’s economic growth. The main objective of this paper is to determine to what extent economic growth impacts a country’s rice exports as well as to what extent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) impacts a country’s ability to export rice. This analysis also examines the impact of market power on economic growth. On the basis of these results, we examine the existence of market power in the international rice market with respect to rice supply, and moreover, propose that there is a bi-directional causality between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice export; CR4; GDP; FDI; Market power; Trade; Export supply function; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46081

BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND CUSTOMS UNIONS: THE IMPACT OF THE EU REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON BOTSWANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott; Walmsley,   Terrie L.
The EU has indicated that after 2008 its trade relationships with developing countries will be dominated by the development of preferential trade agreements. Although not a consequence of the Cotonou Agreement, the free trade agreement between the EU and the Republic of South Africa (EU RSA FTA) is clearly one of the first fruits of this approach to trade relationships. However, there is no evidence that the design of the EU RSA FTA incorporated a comprehensive general equilibrium evaluation of the agreement for either the signatories or the other southern African nations. The analyses reported here indicate that while the EU RSA FTA may substantially benefit the signatories, there are appreciable negative impacts for other states, especially the RSA’'s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28699

The Impact of Trade and Investment Liberalization on Rural Manufacturing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tondel,   Fabien; Freshwater,   David; Reed,   Michael R.
Rural areas in the United States, like in other OECD countries, rely heavily on manufacturing as a source of income. Taking stock of previous studies on the impact of trade and FDI liberalization on manufacturing industries, this study presents a model with heterogeneous firms in the context of a country consisting of an urban and a rural regions. We examine how a manufacturing industry responds differently in the urban and the rural regions when the domestic economy becomes open to trade and investment with a foreign partner.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9711

Import Elasticity with Government Intervention: A Time Series Cross Section Analysis of Seventy-Two Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew; Vo,   De Huu.
The impact of government intervention on the behavior of a country's import market is investigated by focusing on the departure this intervention induces between excess and import demand functions. A formal model of government behavior is posited where government preferences are embodied in a country's import demand function. This function is related to its corresponding excess demand function through the domestic price to border price transmission elasticity. A pooled cross section data on 72 countries is used to estimate these function for wheat and rice. The results suggest that import demand elasticities are larger than their corresponding excess demand elasticities and that price transmission elasticities are less than unity. Differences in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7509

Implicit Tariffs on Imported Dairy Product Components in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tellioglu,   Isin; Bailey,   Kenneth W.; Blandford,   David.
The majority of the dairy products imported by the United States are intermediate products used in food processing. As such, they are demanded for their components such as milk fat and protein. The implications of the U.S. tariff structure for import demand must be viewed in terms of the tariff's effects upon the relative prices of imported milk components. In this article we examine the implications of the current tariff structure and proposed changes under the Doha Round of international trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization. We show that implicit ad valorem equivalent tariffs (AVEs) on components vary substantially under the current tariff schedule. Proposed changes under the Doha Round would lead to not only a reduction in the level of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Doha Round; Milk components; Tariff structure; United States; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9240

Simulating the Effects of Supply and Demand Elasticities on Political-Economic Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48636

EFFECTS OF THE CANADA-U.S. TRADE AGREEMENT ON U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munirathinam,   Ravichandran; Reed,   Michael R.; Marchant,   Mary A.
This paper investigates the effects of the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement (CUSTA) on U.S. exports of agricultural products.  Econometric analysis found that CUSTA has had a large impact on many U.S. agricultural export categories.  All of the consumer-oriented products (except wine and beer), five of the intermediate products, and four of the bulk products had significant CUSTA effects.  It is clear that the CUSTA effects have been larger for consumer-oriented food products.  There is also evidence that U.S. affiliate sales in Canada have stimulated U.S. exports of consumer-oriented products and intermediate products.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34513

THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF SOUTHERN COMMODITIES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS: A SYNOPSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polopolus,   Leo C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29461

Der Markt für Zucker
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sommer,   Ulrich.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98110

Accession to the World Trade Organisation: Challenges and Prospects for the Least-developed Countries (LDCs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delelegn,   Mussie.
A significant number of countries - many of which are least-developed countries (LDCs) - are not members of the multilateral trading system (MTS) as yet, and for many the accession process has taken an undesirably long period of time to complete. This lack of participation has important implications for national and global policy making in the field of international trade. However, there is a growing tendency to disregard accession challenges and difficulties facing the weakest members of the international community - the LDCs. The main purposes of this article are to a) discuss the substantive, normative and institutional complexities and requirements surrounding the WTO accession process from the perspective of LDCs, b) assess the possible costs and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO accession; Challenges; Integration; LDCs; Marginalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23890

EFFECTIVENESS OF ALTERNATIVE EXPORT PROMOTION STRATEGIES FOR BRANDED FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brenes,   Jose R.; Henderson,   Dennis R.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
This study examines the impact on export sales of various promotional strategies for branded food products in foreign markets. It is an empirical analysis using data obtained from organizations that administer the High Value Export Incentive Program (HVEIP) for branded food products, part of USDA's Targeted Export Assistance (TEA) program and its successor, the Marketing Assistance Program (MAP). To respect the proprietary nature of the data, the identity of individual firms and brand names has been deleted and products have been combined into two groups: (1) consumer ready and (2) intermediate.   Economic analysis reveals positive and statistically significant impacts of expenditures on television advertising and advertising in consumer-orientated print...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27180

Dynamic Gains and Losses from Trade Reform: An Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model of the United States and MERCOSUR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
An intertemporal general equilibrium model of the United States and MERCOSUR is created to analyze the dynamic adjustments in both regions' commodity and capital markets after trade liberalization. Simulation results show that tariff reductions initiated by MERCOSUR have small positive effects on the U.S. production, trade, consumption and investment, and stimulates MERCOSUR's growth, and improves its current account. If tariffs are eliminated by both regions, both regions are better off from points of intertemporal social welfare, international trade, domestic investment, and growth. Agriculture benefits more from trade reform, which implies that ruralagricultural sector might have been a victim of trade protection policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7473

A GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE REFORM IN WTO MEMBER COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi; Roe,   Terry L.
The effect on production, trade and well-being from the granting of market access, removing export subsidies, and eliminating trade-distorting forms of direct support to farmers in WTO member countries is analyzed from a world-wide general equilibrium perspective using the most recently available data. The results suggest that removing trade barriers, subsidies and support will cause aggregate world prices of agricultural commodities to rise by over 11 percent relative to an index of all other prices.  Agricultural support and protection in the developed countries is found to be the major cause of low agricultural prices, and implicitly, a tax on net agricultural exporters in developing countries. Livestock product prices are likely to increase the most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12984

Competitiveness and revealed comparative advantage in the SADC maize industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutambatsere,   Emelly.
This paper evaluates the production and trade trends for maize and maize products in southern Africa, individual countries’ revealed comparative advantages in producing these products, and the expected implications of freer trade in this sector. The analysis employs mainly annual bilateral trade data for the period 1996-2004, evaluated using comprehensive descriptive measures and the Revealed Comparative Advantage index. Results indicate that at least half of the countries in the SADC region are deficit producers of maize and maize products, and that only South Africa is a net exporter of all products considered. Substantial cross-hauling is observed, and the bulk of locally produced products are traded regionally, with over 90% regional bias for half of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51996

EFFECTS OF THE SUSPENSION AGREEMENT: U.S.-MEXICO FRESH TOMATOES ANTIDUMPING CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jung,   Jione.
This paper analyzes the effects of the suspension agreement of the U.S.-Mexico fresh tomatoes antidumping cases on U.S. consumers. A linear and dynamic version of an inverse almost ideal demand system is developed to estimate consumer behavior. The measure of consumer welfare – compensating and equivalent variations – is derived specifically for the inverse demand system. The variation of cross-price flexibilities obviously reduced since the minimum export price system came into effect, but consumer welfare does not seem to change much in the circumstance. The consumers’ budget share on domestic fresh tomatoes is likely to reduce and it suggests that the suspension agreement may not guarantee the profit of domestic producers either.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomato; Antidumping; Inverse demand; Consumer welfare; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49285

A REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rittgers,   Chris.
The United States (US) Export Enhancement Program (EEP) was introduced in May 1985 with the goal of alleviating the agricultural sector's financial stress, through a restoration of export performance. Recently, the objectives of the policy have become more political in nature. The EEP is now considered to be an important means to pressure the European Community (EC) into offering concessions at multilateral trade negotiations. Under the EEP, payment inkind of export subsidies are authorized for selected or "targeted" markets. The EEP sales are supposed to be additional to commercial sales and should displace subsidized EC exports. Trade theory indicates that targeted export subsidies can be welfare increasing for the subsidizing country, but are likely to...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10999

Bilateral Protection and Other Determinants of Trade: A Gravity Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vollrath,   Thomas L.; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/03/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9804

The Shrinking Gains from Trade: A Critical Assessment of Doha Round Projections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank.
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models of world trade, often presented as demonstrating the benefits of trade liberalization, now make much more modest forecasts than they did just a few years ago. The estimated benefits are not only small in the aggregate, but also skewed toward developed countries; the expected contribution of trade liberalization to economic development and poverty alleviation is extremely limited. Related calculations, for the expected benefits of services liberalization, trade facilitation measures, and long-term productivity gains from trade liberalization, remain problematical and/or speculative. The empirical limitations of CGE forecasts rest on broader theoretical weaknesses: the models are largely locked within a static...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15580

Price sensitivity within and across retail formats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Widenhorn,   Andreas; Salhofer,   Klaus.
Paper removed at the request of the first author, October 2013.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand; Elasticity; Discount; Retail formats; International Relations/Trade; D12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124108

Why Trade Negotiations Still Matter to U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93682

Impact of International Standards on Streamlining the Regulatory Process - A European Perspective (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McNamara,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8057

INTERNATIONAL IMPORTS AND THE SAFETY OF THE U.S. FOOD AND FIBER SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salnars,   Christian; Jimenez,   Mariano; VanSickle,   John J.
The trend towards globalization has led an increase in the U.S. Food trade. Threats of bio-terrorism and safety of the agriculture production system have become larger concerns to U.S consumers and policy makers. This paper analyzes how agriculture imports have changed in the past years; and how the government has reacted to the vulnerability of the U.S. food supply system to bio terrorism and invasive pests. Changes in budgets for the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), agencies who are in part responsible for the food security, were compared to the increase in imports to provide a gauge for the response of the Federal Government to these threats.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Food imports; Food safety; Bio terrorism; Invasive pests and diseases; Homeland security; APHIS; FSIS; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15688

Consumer Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee: A Chinese Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Shang-Ho; Hu,   Wuyang; Mupandawana,   Malvern; Liu,   Yun.
Coffee consumption in China has seen a significant rise in recent years. This study seeks to explore the determinants of coffee consumption in China with a specific focus on fair trade coffee. In a survey of 564 respondents in Wuhan City, consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP)for fair trade labeled coffee was measured. This study uses an interval regression to investigate individual demographic and consumption characteristic impacts on WTP. Results show that on average, consumers were willing to pay 22% more for a medium cup of fair trade coffee compared with traditional coffee. In addition, other variables that indicated a higher WTP included female consumers, consumers who made their own coffee, and consumers who planned to consume more coffee in the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: China; Fair trade coffee; Interval regression; Willingness to pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120449

TRADE AND TRADABILITY: EXPORTS, IMPORTS, AND FACTOR MARKETS IN THE SALTER-SWAN MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
We extend the Salter-Swan model to include both factor markets and semi-traded goods. In our model, changes in relative factor prices depend on changes in world commodity prices, factor endowments, and the trade balance. In contrast, only changes in world commodity prices can affect factor prices in the neoclassical trade model. The inclusion of semi-traded goods weakens the magnification effect of both the Stolper-Samuelson and Rybczynski theorems. When imports and domestic goods are poor substitutes, a characteristic of some commodities in developing countries, the sign of the Stolper-Samuelson effect is reversed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Semi-traded goods; Two-way trade; Salter-Swan Model; Stolper-Samuelson Theorem; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16298

SOME EXPECTED CHANGES IN WORLD TRADE IN WHEAT AND COARSE GRAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13971

"THE FREE-TRADERS WIN THE DEBATES BUT THE PROTECTIONISTS WIN THE ELECTIONS:" THE CURIOUS CASE OF MCOOL IN THE US 2002 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16818

An Economic Analysis of Quarantine:  The Economies of Australia's Ban on New Zealand Apple Imports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arthur,   Matthew.
The quarantine policy decision-making process in Australia is subject to the principles of the World Trade Organisation's SPS Agreement. It is primarily based on the risks and associated economic costs accruing to producers in the event of disease entry. The costs of a quarantine measure in terms of forgone trade benefits are not considered. The impact associated with this asymmetric approach is identified by demonstrating the gains to consumers which may arise through liberalised markets using a case study of the Australian apple industry. A partial equilibrium analysis is used to show the impacts of apple market liberalisation, which can be expected to yield gains to consumers which are greater than the economic costs to on producers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quarantine; Trade; Liberalisation; Apples; Welfare; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31959

Agriculture, Structural Change and Socially Responsible Development in China and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
The gradualism of economic reforms in China and Vietnam (especially in China, which has led the way in this regard) has been commented on favourably by many analysts studying transitional economies. Early market reforms in China and Vietnam were constrained by political considerations and consequently, began in agriculture and in China’s case, in rural areas with the development of town-and-village enterprises as well. It is argued that at the time when the reforms began, they were socially responsible. However, they have created a legacy which has resulted in agricultural land disputes and many town-and-village enterprises now face new economic challenges resulting in social conflict as the structure of China’s economy alters and greater market...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Commercialisation of agriculture; Economic reform; Land rights; Town-and-village enterprises; Transitional economies; Vietnam.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; P21; P25; P31; P32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123022

Trade Policy Commercial Market Relationships, and Effects on World Price Stability: The European Community
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50856

Contingent Protection Measures and the Management of the Softwood Lumber Trade in North America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Froese,   Marc D.
This article examines Canada’s softwood lumber dispute with the United States in the context of new juridical models of international dispute settlement and an evolving trade policy environment in North America. Two questions are of central importance to this study. First, what does the rise of contingent protection measures mean for Canada’s regulatory model? Strong antidumping legislation has created a new order of trade conflict at a time when intrasectoral competition has increased state support in a number of sectors. Second, how do American antidumping trade remedy measures come to bear in this dispute? In the softwood case, dispute settlement has been less effective because Canada, as the smaller economy, faces the challenge of enforcing panel...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antidumping; Countervailing duties; Dispute settlement; Softwood; Trade policy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23844

AGRICULTURE'S STAKE IN WTO TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Michael K. (Mike).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33066

Border Effects and Border Regions: Lessons from the German Unification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Volker.
This paper examines data on trade flows between West German Bundesländer (federal states) and East Germany to explore the effect of national borders on trade. Although the data cover only a small fraction of intra-German trade flows, I find a home bias of about factor 2.2; West German shipments to East Germany are about 120% larger than deliveries to an otherwise similar foreign country. Based on this result, possible implications for border regions are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Home bias; Intranational trade; Gravity regression; Unification; International Relations/Trade; F 14; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26291

The structure of Turkey's citrus fruit export from the standpoint of Turkey's membership in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zenginoglu,   Ahmet; van Dijk,   Gert.
The citrus fruit production has rapidly increased both in the world and in Turkey. The EU holds a big place in Turkey's citrus fruit export. The relations between the EU and Turkey also play a considerably significant role for the citrus trade. It is crucial to examine the factors affecting Turkey's citrus export, together with determining how the structure of Turkey's citrus export towards the EU will form. Three main problems of Turkey's citrus export can be described. These are the lack of product quality demanded by standards and consumers, the absence of product variety demanded in the EUmarkets, and the existence of competing countries. However, having a good taste in citrus fruit and short distance between the EU and Turkey can be considered as the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Citrus export; Agricultural trade; EU; Turkey; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10107

Quality and Price Competition in the International Wheat Market: A Case Study of the U.K. Wheat Import Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Preszler,   Todd.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121654

Evaluation of Internalisation Processes in Environmental Management Systems: Aquaculture and Offshore Mussel Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malorgio,   Giulio.
In recent years, particular attention has been paid to fishing activities, and more specifically to aquaculture, a production process whose environmental impact at present is not being adequately submitted to any sort of serious assessment and control.  The impact of aquaculture on the environment has nonetheless become an important issue for both potential customers and public opinion.  The purpose of this study is to appraise environmental protection costs if and when a certified program of environmental management is put into effect in an attempt to change the present situation in which firms only comply with minimum environmental standards.  A survey was conducted of all relevant information regarding production, organization, and budgetary aspects at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental management system; Aquaculture farming; Economic sustainability; Green accounting; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q220; Q120.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56083

SEEKING AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: WANTING DOESN'T MAKE IT SO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rossmiller,   George Edward; Tutwiler,   M. Ann.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17561

MEETING CHINA'S COTTON MILL DEMANDS: A WESTERN MERCHANT'S PERSPECTIVE (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Gary W.
PowerPoint presentation
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32993

CAP Reform and the WTO: Potential Impacts on EU Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Donnellan,   Trevor; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.; Hart,   Chad E.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
In 2003 an agreement was finalized to instigate arguably the most significant reform of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) since its inception. In the Luxembourg Agreement many of the direct payments that have been linked to production are decoupled and instead provided in the form of a land-based payment. The reforms did not include any significant changes to either EU border support or the ability of the EU to utilize export subsidies that have been widely criticized by other nations. Even though the reforms do not directly address trade in agricultural products it is argued that World Trade Organization (WTO) concerns played a significant role in the designs of the reforms. In this paper an analysis of the Luxembourg reforms and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20020

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF GROWTH IN REGIONAL TRADE: TRADE LIBERALIZATION OR RTA'S? THE CASE OF AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This paper delves into the debate on the proliferation of regional trade arrangements by focusing on bilateral agricultural trade data over the 1962-1995 period for countries that currently are members of NAFTA, Mercosur, the EU and APEC.  Agricultural is chosen because it has historically been protected by developed and dis-protected by developing nations, while in the case of the EU, its Common Agricultural Policy was the major policy jointly managed and funded by member countries. We suggest that the literature has tended to focus on factors explaining the level of trade, and neglected factors affecting growth in trade. While neighborhood characteristics affect neighborhood trade, they also appear to affect the policy regimes of neighboring countries....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Regional trade arrangements; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14605

Promouvoir les échanges commerciaux pour réduire la pauvreté : les accords de l’ OMC et l’agriculture en Afrique de l’ Ouest. Un rapport de l’ Accord de Coopération no. II sur la sécurité alimentaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Yade,   Mbaye.
Ce rapport est une vue d’ensemble sommaire des accords commerciaux de l’ OMC et de leurs implications pour les pays de l’ Afrique de l’ Ouest (ainsi que le Tchad). L’étude décrit les positions adoptées par les pays de l’ Afrique de l’ Ouest sur divers enjeux des négociations commerciales de l’ OMC, tout en comparant ces positions avec celles exprimées par les grands partenaires commerciaux, notamment l’ Union Européenne, le Japon, les U.S.A. et le reste de l’ Afrique Subsaharienne.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: World Trade Organization; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 7; F0.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54574

Public policy and private incentives for livestock disease control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bicknell,   Kathryn; Wilen,   James E.; Howitt,   Richard E.
This article presents a dynamic bioeconomic model of livestock disease control that is unique in its integration of disease dynamics, inter‐species interaction, control‐induced migration, and individual optimising behaviour. Examination of the first‐order conditions highlights why profit‐maximising producers cannot be expected to eradicate disease. Results from an empirical application of the model confirm that the current mix of policies to control bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand is achieving lower levels of prevalence than would prevail in the absence of a national strategy. These policies do, however, appear to remove some of the individual incentive to control disease.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117214

China’s growing food imports from the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Niemi,   Jyrki S.
This paper examined China’s agricultural imports in regard to income growth, import price changes, and tariff reductions due to China’s trade liberalisation. More specifically, it attempted to model behavioural relationships in the agricultural trade between China and the EU by using annual trade data from 1986 to 2005. Econometric models were constructed for six agricultural products exported from the EU to China – frozen pigmeat, frozen fish, whey, barley, beer, and wine. The results indicated that China’s agricultural imports on a product basis are insensitive to absolute price changes. Therefore, the examination of the price elasticities confirmed the expectation that demand for Chinese agricultural imports is relatively inelastic to absolute price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU; China; Agricultural imports; Income growth; Tariff reductions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51541

An Analysis of the Impact of European Union and United States Dairy Policies on EU-U.S. Trade in Milk Protein Concentrate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehrke,   Brad C.; Babula,   Ronald A.; Coleman,   Jonathan R.
During 1996-2000, U.S. imports of milk protein concentrate (MPC) increased rapidly. At the same time, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) stocks of non-fat dry milk (NFDM) went from nothing to more than 500 million pounds. Consequently, U.S. milk producers attributed low milk prices and dairy farmer income during this period to the increased imports of MPC. U.S. milk producers were especially concerned with MPC imports for two reasons. First, MPC between 40 and 90 percent protein had been classified in subheading 0404.90.10 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). Thus, MPC was not subject to the tariff-rate quotas applied to many other dairy products. Second, MPC produced in the European Union (EU) and exported to the United States was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15875

Possibilidade de arbitragem no mercado de câmbio brasileiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cassuce,   Francisco Carlos da Cunha; Muller,   Carlos Andre da Silva; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
The objective of this work is to determine the presence of volatility in the spot and futures exchange rates, detecting, thus, the presence of risk. Identified the volatility, it is looked for shaping it through the construction of models capable to forecast the behavior of the spot and futures exchange rates. The GARCH and TARCH models had been used to shape the volatility of the exchange rates. Gotten the estimates, it is verified existence of convergence of these rates in the date of the expirations of future contracts, identifying, thus, the chance to get profits with arbitrage. The results had shown more that the spot and futures exchange rates are very volatile and the spot exchange market presents asymmetry, being affected for negative impacts. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Arbitrage; Spot exchange rate; Futures exchange rate; Volatility; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55177

1998 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 1997-2007 period by using the World Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, the weather, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to be optimistic for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheats. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat may grow faster than common wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks.; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Production Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23119

Cooperation and Globalization: Mutation or Confrontation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres,   Javier; Lowe,   James C.
In 1995 the ICA adopted a revised set of cooperative principles to guide the movement through the global era of deregulation and competitiveness. This paper, on the basis of the cooperative experience in Canada and emerging trends, deals with the appropriateness of the new ICA principles in reaffirming cooperative values at the member, cooperative and movement levels. Because cooperatives seem to be evolving toward a corporate business logic, consequences are outlined and assessed to bring into question, among other factors, the role of ICA and its guiding principles in the present cooperative impasse. The paper suggests criteria and a framework for re-capturing real cooperative values and principles. Emphasis on education and training, and development of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60903

Regionalism and the World Trade Organization: Is Non-Discrimination Passe?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   T.N.
The principle of non-discrimination as enunciated in its Articles I on General Most Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) and III on National Treatment (NT) is the foundation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). Yet, articles of GATT included many exceptions to MFN, of which one of the most serious was Article XXIV relating to Customs Unions (CU) and Free Trade Areas (FTA). Clearly there was a tension, if not contradiction, between the fundamental principle of nondiscrimination and inherently discriminatory preferential trading arrangements (PTA’s) such as CU’s and FTA’s. This tension was not a serious practical one as long as a few PTA’s were proposed, let alone implemented, as was the case...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Most Favoured Nation (MFN); National Treatment (NT); Non-discrimination; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); World Trade Organization (WTO); Multilateralism; Regionalism; Open regionalism; Customs Unions (CU); Free Trade Areas (FTA); Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTA); International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28462

THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON FIVE SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wobst,   Peter.
We compare the impact of alternative domestic and global trade liberalization scenarios on five economies in Southern Africa. The study applies a computable general equilibrium model that employs standardised 12-sector social accounting matrices for Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The approach incorporates stylised features such as own-household consumption and marketing margins that are of particular importance when a majority of agricultural producers are not sufficiently integrated into formal markets and thus rely on own production to meet their daily diets. Hence, improved infrastructure implies lower marketing costs and better market integration, which translates to increased production opportunities. The comparison of the results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16296

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD POLICY SYSTEM INFORMATION WORKSHOP ON UNDERSTANDING CANADA/UNITED STATES GRAINS DISPUTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Loyns,   R.M.A.; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16735

Hope and reality: EU accession’s impact on Hungarian agri-food trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiss,   Judit.
The principal aim of this article is to examine how Hungary’s agricultural trade has changed since EU accession and whether the country has managed to retain its position as a net exporter. After analysing the Eurostat database’s latest statistical data we concluded that Hungary’s agri-food trade position has deteriorated regarding both old and new EU member states. The central causes for this are not so much insufficient exports but rather a sharp rise in imports. Future prospects hinge on further EU enlargement, changes in the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy, the outcome of the WTO Doha Round, and trends in world agriculture. To adapt to expected changes and to capitalise on emerging opportunities, Hungary should alter its agricultural export commodity...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU accession; Hungarian agricultural trade; Trade balance; Commodity structure; Geographical structure; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46659

THE IDENTIFICATION OF ENEMY INTENTIONS THROUGH OBSERVATION OF LONG LEAD-TIME MILITARY PREPARATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lipow,   Jonathan; Plessner,   Yakir.
Intuitively, we would expect that an increase in the military preparations of potential enemies imply that the rival perceives an increase in the likelihood of future conflict.  In this paper, we present a simple model that suggests that, surprisingly, the relationship is ambiguous.  We find that (a) the specification of the social utility function; and (b) the rate of substitution between long and short lead-time preparations in the production of defense capability play a role in determining whether rivals respond to an increased future threat, by increasing or decreasing their long lead-time preparations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14978

Price, Trade and Welfare Effects of Agricultural Protection: The Case of East Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyers,   Rodney; Anderson,   Kym.
During the 1960's and 1970's, the extent of agricultural protection increased rapidly not only in Japan but also in South Korea and Taiwan. By the early 1980's food prices in East Asia averaged two or three times international levels, rivalling those in Western Europe. A multi-commodity stochastic simulation model measures the extent to which policies in East Asia have reduced the mean and increased the variance of international prices for grain and meat, reduced world trade in these products and affected economic welfare in East Asia and elsewhere. The effects of continued growth in East Asia's protection through the 1980's (leading to rice export surpluses) are then compared with the effects of partial liberalization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12511

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Hartmann,   Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Intra-industrieller Handel; Integration; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92027

NOMINAL EXCHANGE RATE MISALIGNMENT: IS IT PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURAL TRADE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Guedae; Kim,   MinKyoung; Sun,   Edwin; Jin,   Hyun Joung; Koo,   Won W.
This paper examines whether exchange rate misalignment negatively affects agricultural trade, compared to other industry sectors.  Nominal exchange rate misalignment is obtained from the percentage deviation of real exchange rates from their long-run equilibrium based on the theory of purchasing power parity.  In order to explore this issue, a bilateral trade matrix involving trade flows between 10 developed countries is constructed.  Using panel data analysis, a gravity model is estimated for 4 industry sectors over the period 1974-1999.  The study finds that over-valuation (under-valuation) of the nominal exchange rate negatively (positively) affects export performance of the agricultural sector in particular.  In the large-scale manufacturing sectors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate misalignment; Agricultural trade; Gravity model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23569

MAJOR THEMES IN OUR FOREIGN POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popper,   David H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1965
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17380

The Macroeconomic Linkages to U.S. Agriculture (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33315

Impacts of Trade Liberalization and Restructuring of Agriculture on Rural Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hargrove,   David S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60038

Market Structure Impacts on Market Distortions from Domestic Subsidies: The U. S. Cotton Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Ethridge,   Don E.
This analysis uses a residual demand elasticity model to measure market power in the international cotton market. The results indicate that China exerts significant market power and affects cotton prices. Those results, combined with a partial equilibrium model of the international cotton market, are used to evaluate the welfare consequences of U.S. cotton subsidy policies for major cotton exporters under alternative assumptions about global market structure. The results indicate that the effects of U.S. subsidies on the world cotton price are much smaller under an imperfectly competitive international market than under a perfectly competitive market scenario; the former appears to be a realistic case.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global market structure; International trade; U.S. cotton commodity programs; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98240

Food Safety Issues, Trade and WTO Rules: A Developing Country Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athukorala,   Prema-chandra.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57831

2009 Outlook of the U.S. and World Wheat Industries, 2008-2018
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2008-2018 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to remain relatively healthy for the next ten years. World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to remain strong. The price levels in 2007 and 2008 will not be maintained in 2009 and future because increased wheat and corn production in 2008 and reduced demand for corn for ethanol production will lower demand and increase supply. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55118

Global Grain Stocks and World Market Stability Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Stephen W.; Sharples,   Jerry A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50887

Uganda's challenges in complying with the WTO Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rudaheranwa,   Nichodemus.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; EPRC; World trade; Trade agreements; Tariffs; Tariff barriers; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93814

Agricultural Trade Policy Modelling: Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Doha Development Agenda Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hess,   Sebastian; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
In a meta-analysis of trade policy models, Hess and von Cramon-Taubadel (2008) use over 5800 simulated welfare effects from 110 studies of potential Doha Development Agenda outcomes to identify characteristics of models, data and policy experiments that influence simulation results. This meta-analysis, which is recapitulated here, produces plausible results and explains a significant proportion of the variation in simulated welfare effects. However, due to insufficient documentation and the complexity of the general and partial equilibrium models in the literature sample, many explanatory variables employed in this analysis are binary. This precludes more detailed analysis of their impacts across models. Therefore, a partial equilibrium model and a single...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Policy model; Doha; Meta-analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43466

LONG RUN SIMULATIONS WITH GTAP: ILLUSTRATIVE RESULTS FROM APEC TRADE LIBERALISATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walmsley,   Terrie L.
In static applied general equilibrium models, the exogenous/endogenous split between variables (or closure) is used to infer the time frame over which the effects of a shock are simulated. This paper introduces a long-run closure for the GTAP model (Hertel and Tsigas, 1997) and uses this closure to simulate and compare the short-run and long-run effects of Asia-Pacific trade liberalisation. The approach explored here incorporates some relatively minor changes to existing GTAP theory in order to define a steady state in which growth rates of all real variables are uniform. Such uniformity must apply in the initial database (as well as in the post-shock solution). So to implement the new long run in GTAP a new initial database must first be created. Details...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28719

U.S. AGRICULTURE AND THE FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS
Provedor de dados: 31
The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), a free trade area under negotiation among the United States and 33 countries in the Western Hemisphere, will progressively liberalize trade and investment in the region. It is scheduled to become effective by the end of 2005. The FTAA will lead to a 6-percent increase in annual U.S. agricultural exports to the Hemisphere and a 3-percent increase in annual U.S. agricultural imports from the Hemisphere. The FTAA will increase annual U.S. agricultural exports and imports worldwide by about $1 billion each. The expansion of U.S. agricultural trade due to the FTAA will result from both the direct effect of trade liberalization and the indirect effect of accelerated economic growth in increasing agricultural demand in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Area of the Americas; Regional integration; Preferential trade arrangements; WTO; Sanitary and phytosanitary; Tariffs; Foreign direct investment; Environment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33995

The international competitiveness of the UK cereals sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thelwell,   David; Ritson,   Christopher.
The decoupling of support for crops under the reform of the CAP has led to concern within the UK as to whether its cereal sector can remain competitive when exposed to unprotected international commodity prices. This paper reports on a Global Benchmarking and Competitive Analysis of the UK Cereals Sector. The UK cereals sector was broken down into: Animal Feed Manufacture; Malting, Brewing and Distilling; Flour Milling and Baking; Industrial Applications – Starch, Bio-Fuels, Pharmaceutical. Four panels of UK experts were assembled. Each panel identified six main competitor countries to the UK for each supply chain and compiled a list of key factors affecting competitiveness. A total of 1500 questionnaires were distributed. Assurance, traceability,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: UK Cereals Sector; International Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10026

Global trends in risk management support of agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spicka,   Jindrich.
The aim of this paper is to make an international comparison of risk management policies in OECD countries as well as in selected emerging economies. The results are based on the data from OECD Producer Support Estimates Database and General Services Support Estimates Database, a study of agricultural insurance schemes carried out by the European Commission and an overview of risk-related policy measures formulated by the OECD. The results indicate that all OECD countries have the price stabilizing support for at least some commodities. Although the share of market price support in the producer support estimates has been decreasing for a long time, it still remains an important component in most countries around the world. The analysis also revealed the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Risk management; Market price support; Income stabilization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99224

AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: A FORMAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glebe,   Thilo W.; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
This paper develops an extended general equilibrium model of international trade in order to analyze the welfare effects of agricultural trade liberalization if a large country influences its terms of trade by means of environmental policy. We derive globally optimal first-best and second-best environmental and trade policy combinations as a benchmark for assessing the trade-distorting character of strategically motivated environmental policies and demonstrate that if second-best rather than first-best policies are chosen as a benchmark the conclusions may differ not only in magnitude but also in direction. We further demonstrate that if a Pigouvian instrument is transformed into a strategic environmental policy, following trade liberalization, the global...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20277

LL601 Contamination and Its Impact on U.S. Rice Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Yarui; Wailes,   Eric J.; McKenzie,   Andrew M.; Thomsen,   Michael R.
LL601 is a genetically modified rice variety and unapproved for commercial use. Its presence was found in commercial shipments of U.S. rice in 2006. This article explores its impact on prices and volume marketed for both the United States and Thailand, the major export competitor. The results show a significantly adverse but short duration effect on the U.S. rice market and little to no effect on the Thai rice market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Error correction model; Event study analysis; GM contamination; LibertyLink Rice 601; U.S. rice exports; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C10; C32; Q11; A52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57154

Can HIPCs Use Hyper-Incentives?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menzies,   Gordon Douglas.
Hyper-incentive contracts (Menzies 2004) can be used to pursue humanitarian goals (providing a safety net) while allowing creditors to offer innovative repayment friendly contracts to debtors (eliminating a debt overhang).  Both the contract of Krugman (1988) and the hyper-incentive contract are illustrated with some calculations based on current Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs).  The outcomes for the two contracts are similar, but the twelve countries examined could each benefit by an average amount of $US2002100 million under a hyper-incentive contract
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Debt overhang; Debt forgiveness; Hyper-incentive contract; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; F34.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50012

Der Markt für Milch und Milcherzeugnisse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerlach,   Sabine; Spiller,   Achim; Wocken,   Christian.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97200

BASELINE PROJECTIONS: GLOBAL FOOD MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33422

New Aggregate and Source-Specific Pork Import Demand Elasticity for Japan: Implications to U.S. Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Ukhova,   Yekaterina S.
The common treatment of a separate import demand specification in the literature is usually motivated by product differentiation. Most studies, however, proceed further with a separability assumption between domestic and imported product for data consideration and ease in estimation. In this study, a two-stage model is used to estimate aggregate and source-specific import demand elasticities for pork in Japan. This approach allows substitution between domestic and imported product on the one hand and avoids econometric problems in generating source-specific parameters, on the other. Pork imports into Japan are constrained by both the high protection and the strong preference of Japanese consumers for domestic pork over imported pork. Domestic pork commands...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Import demand; Source-specific elasticity; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18548

U.S. AGRICULTURE IN AN INCREASINGLY COMPETITIVE GLOBAL MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael.
Dramatic changes are occurring in the agricultural sector today.  These changes provide opportunities for some, but threats for others.  Longer-term, four fundamental forces or drivers will shape the business climate that the industry faces.  These forces include expanded global production; expanded and diversified global demand; technology and in particular simplification technology; and changes in competitive metrics and expectations as to the acceptable returns to contributed resources. The interaction among these four fundamental forces will determine whether the future business climate for US agriculture is characterized as one of opportunity or one of challenge/threat.     These four fundamental forces have the potential to shape a very different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28613

POVERTY IMPACTS OF MULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Ivanic,   Maros.
Poverty reduction is an increasingly important consideration in the deliberations over multilateral trade liberalization. However, the analytical procedures used to assess the impacts of multilateral trade liberalization on poverty are rudimentary, at best. Most poverty studies have focused on a single country using detailed household survey data. When it comes to multi-country, global trade liberalization analyses, researchers are forced to resort to a discussion of average, or per capita effects, suggesting that if per capita real income rises, then poverty will fall. As we show in this paper, such an inference can be misleading. Our paper combines results from a newly available international, cross-section consumption analysis for 1996, with earnings...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28697

IMPORTÂNCIA DA LIBERALIZAÇÃO DOS MERCADOS AGRÍCOLAS MUNDIAIS PARA A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Figueiredo,   Adelson Martins; Santos,   Maurinho Luiz dos; Lima,   Jandir Ferrera de.
O protecionismo no mercado agrícola mundial foi assunto deixado à margem das negociações multilaterais de comércio até a Rodada Uruguai. Ademais, mesmo com sua inclusão nessa rodada de negociações os resultados foram aquém do esperado. Assim, a discussão sobre o fechamento de um acordo agrícola se transformou em tema importante nos fóruns de negociações multilaterais da OMC. O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar e comparar o grau de importância dos setores agroindústrias na geração de crescimento econômico no Brasil e nos EUA. Para isso, usaram-se as matrizes de insumo-produto de Brasil e EUA, através das quais foram estimados os índices de Rasmussen-Hirschman  e os índices puros de ligação. Os resultados mostram que setores da agricultura, pecuária e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Liberalização; Agronegócio; Crescimento econômico; Brasil; EUA; Liberalization; Agribusiness; Economic growth; Brazil; The USA; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108616

FOOD AID FOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulai,   Awudu; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Food aid remains significant for food availability in many low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, helping to reduce the gap between food consumption needs and supply from domestic production and inventories and commercial imports. Food aid remains a contentious subject, however, and there have been many recent pleas for more effective use of the resource. This study explores how food aid might be used for domestic food market development to facilitate poverty alleviation and economic growth. There are obvious risks to using food aid for market development, just as there have been in using food aid to try to stimulate agricultural development. Because food aid necessarily expands local food supply, it needs to be well targeted if adverse producer price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16170

Disentangling the Demand-enhancing Effect and Trade-cost Effect of Technical Measures in Agricultural Trade among OECD countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xiong,   Bo; Beghin,   John C.
Domestic technical measures such as SPS and TBTs can enhance import demand via information disclosure and quality improvement, or hamper foreign export supply via imposing sizeable compliance costs, or both. The traditional gravity equation model estimates the net effect of these measures on international trade with a loss of useful inference on separate effects. We stipulate a generalized gravity equation model to disentangle the two effects. We apply the augmented approach to agricultural trade among OECD countries in 2004. We find that technical measures in agriculture often jointly enhance import demand and hinder export supply with the net effect of promoting the propensity to trade. Further disaggregated data analysis reveals heterogeneity across...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sanitary and phytosanitary; SPS; Technical measures; NTM; TBT; Standards; Gravity equation; Protectionism; OECD; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116898

Trade Liberalization and Pollution Intensive Industry in Developing Countries: A Partial Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallagher,   Kevin P.; Ackerman,   Frank.
Economic theory suggests that liberalization of trade between countries with differing levels of environmental protection could lead pollution-intensive industry to concentrate in the nations where regulations are lax. This effect, often referred to as the "pollution haven" hypothesis, is much discussed in theory, but finds only ambiguous support in empirical research to date. Methodologies used for research on trade and environment differ widely; many are difficult to apply to practical policy questions. We develop a simple, partial equilibrium model explicitly designed to analyze the effects of a change in trade policy. Our model analyzes the relative concentrations of "clean" and "dirty" industries in two nations or regions, before and after the policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15592

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE U.S.-MEXICO FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL FAST TRACK VOTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boadu,   Frederick O.; Thompson,   Marla R.
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the strategic forces shaping U.S.-Mexico trade relationships and the possibilities of extending the trade agreement to the rest of the Americas. The paper concludes that constituency interests, party loyalty, the proportion of a state's population of Hispanic origin, and the influence of textile-related employment in the state were significant explanatory factors in the Congressional Fast Track vote that occurred in May of 1991.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Free trade agreement; Fast track; Textiles; Congressional voting; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15037

Global Import Demand for Value-Added Wheat Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krause,   Joyce Hall; Dooley,   Frank J.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23283

THE IMPACTS OF CHINA'S ACCESSION INTO THE WTO ON THE U.S. WHEAT INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of China's entry into the World Trade Organization on the world wheat industry.  Special attention is given to the impact on the U.S. wheat industry. The Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model was used for this analysis. This study indicates that the total value of China's imports from the United States in 2005 are predicted to increase by $221 million in the normal import scenario and $842 million in the maximum import scenario. However, net increases  in U.S. export value would range from $127 million to $577 million in 2005 because increased world price of wheat in the scenarios lowers wheat imports from other countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat industry; Tariff-rate quota; Bilateral agreement; Wheat imports; Wheat price; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23320

Analyzing the Agricultural Trade Impacts of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malhotra,   Nisha; Stoyanov,   Andrey.
In this paper we study the agricultural trade impacts of the Canada Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA). We find that the effect of the CCFTA on Chilean agricultural exports to Canada is large and positive. We estimate that approximately one-half of a 90 percent increase in Chilean exports to Canada can be attributed to trade preferences that the country received under the agreement. We found no effect of the agreement on Canadian exports to Chile. As far as we know, our paper is among the few that carries out a detailed empirical analysis of \ the effect of the FTA on agriculture. Most empirical papers that have studied the trade impact of FTAs rely on country-wide gravity models and aggregate trade data. These aggregate analyses can hide negative effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Chile; FTA; Regional; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46628

A JAPÁN GAZDASÁG NÉHÁNY JELLEGZETESSÉGE A XXI. SZÁZAD FORDULÓJÁN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tompe,   Ferenc.
Japán és a Távol-Kelet évtizedeken keresztül a világ egyéb térségeinek csodá-latát vívta ki elsősorban az átlagot meghaladó, gyors gazdasági növekedésével. Az 1990-es években a korábbi „keleti motor”-ként tekintett Japán gazdasága kü-lönleges helyzetbe került: a növekedés nagy mértékben lecsökkent, sőt hosszú időn keresztül alapvetően stagnált, az általánosan jellemző inflációt defláció váltotta fel. Ezek a jelenségek újból felkeltették a szakemberek érdeklődését a japán gazdaság iránt, egyfelől az előállt helyzet okainak feltárására, másfelől a megol-dások keresésére. A japán gazdaság megújulásának feltételeit döntően azok a té-nyezők határozzák meg, amelyek az elmúlt tíz évben a gyengélkedés okaiként je-lölhetők meg, mint pl. a hosszú ideig tartó...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Gazdasági növekedés; Defláció; Mezőgazdasági termelés; Farmjövedelmek; Élelmiszerfogyasztás; Economic growth; Deflation; Agricultural production; Farm incomes; Food consumption; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54422

Pre- and Post-WTO Changes in Oilseed Economy of Karnataka: A Case of Groundnut
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karnool,   N.N.; Vijayakumar,   H.S.; Raghavendra,   L.B.; Yogisha,   G.M.; Naik,   A.D.; Kerur,   N.M.
The growth in exports, economics of production and global competitiveness of groundnut has been reported over the period of 20 years (1984-85 to 2004-05) in Karnataka by collecting data from various published sources. Techniques used for the analysis are growth functions, tabular function, nominal protection coefficient and domestic resource cost. The analysis of export trends of groundnut from 1985-86 to 2004-05 has shown that quantity of groundnut export has grown annually at a compound growth rate of 9.52 per cent, whereas the value of groundnut exported has grown at a much higher rate of 13.13 per cent. Structural changes in costs are due to changes in quantity and quality of inputs associated with the technological process and also due to their...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47445

Posicionamento estratégico nas negociações da ALCA, usando o conceito de proteção efetiva na montagem da oferta tarifária brasileira
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopes,   Mauro de Rezende.
O Brasil joga a sua capacidade de exportar e o futuro de sua inserção “competitiva” no mundo em três negociações-chave: OMC, ALCA e Mercoeuro. Tem esquecido de posicionar-se estrategicamente para fortalecer sua competitividade no curto, médio e longo prazo. A competitividade do setor agropecuário, entre outros fatores, depende do seu nível de proteção efetiva, isto é, a proteção do produto final depende de um nível compatível com a proteção aos insumos. Este estudo analisa uma parte da proposta de ofertas tarifárias brasileiras, no âmbito da ALCA, tendo como argumento principal os níveis de proteção efetiva. A primeira parte trata da proteção conferida aos insumos, máquinas e equipamentos usados na agropecuária, diante da proteção dos produtos...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Proteção efetiva; ALCA; Tarifas; Competitividade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56845

Agricultural trade policy reform in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chitiga,   Margaret; Kandiero,   Tonia; Ngwenya,   P.
This paper empirically investigates the impact of agricultural trade reform in South Africa. Using UNCTAD’s Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM), the study investigates two specific scenarios that capture the magnitude of (i) the economic impact of global agricultural trade reform in South Africa and (ii) the economic impact if the reform in South Africa is coupled with agricultural reforms in the European Union (EU). Trade reform focuses on substantial tariff reduction; although in the case of the EU, scenarios also include reduction in domestic support and export subsidies. The results show that a unilateral tariff reduction in a selected number of agricultural products amounts to welfare gains of US$21 million. These gains are three times...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Trade policy reform; Welfare; Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5967

Impact of Pension Privatization on Foreign Direct Investments: A Study of the Latin American Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reece,   Christopher; Sam,   Abdoul G.
We explore the causal effect of market-oriented pension reform on net foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Latin America, which has experienced a wave of pension privatization and FDI in the last two decades. With our balanced panel of 17 countries over the 1991-2006 period, we implement fixed effects models, controlling for the endogenous decision to enacted full or partial privatization of the public pension system and several other covariates whose choice is informed by the rich empirical literature on FDI. Our econometric results indicate that privatization triggers a significant increase in net FDI inflows within a year of reform implementation and that the effect does not wane over time. We estimate that privatization increases FDI as a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pension Privatization; Foreign Direct Investments; Latin America; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61206

IMPORTING GRAIN TO JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bichler,   Sy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17218

An Evaluation of Milk Quota Exchange Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Cairns,   Alexander P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply management; Milk; Ontario; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102303

The Impact of Multiple Volatilities on Import Demand for U.S. Grain: The Case of Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Qiang; Reed,   Michael R.
This study attempts to investigate the effects of exchange rate, soybean price, and ocean freight costs on import demand for U.S. grain with forward-futures markets. The focus is on soybeans. The panel data cover the major exporting markets for U.S. soybeans over the last decade. China and Mexico are analyzed as two specific case analyses excluded from the panel data analysis. Furthermore, the bilateral data of Brazilian exported soybeans to its exporting markets with the same procedures are employed as comparisons with U.S. The effects of these three market volatilities, exchange rate, soybeans price, and ocean freight cost for the U.S. and Brazilian models have differences comparing with empirical results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21079

A PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERNATIONAL IMPORT ASSURANCE ARRANGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffman,   Earle S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1963
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22945

Does the World Trade Organization Promote Trade? An Empirical Assessment of Agricultural and Non‐Agricultural Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Boys,   Kathryn A.
In this paper we ask whether the GATT/WTO has actually failed to increase members’ agricultural trade. Surprisingly, there is very little empirical econometric support to shed light on this question despite the fact that agricultural trade is often at the forefront of multilateral negotiations. We address this issue by considering GATT/WTO effects across agricultural and non‐agricultural sectors. Despite much ‘hoopla and hype’ that the GATT/WTO has done nothing to boost members’ agricultural trade, our results suggest that the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on agricultural trade over the period 1980‐2004. Moreover, in many cases the trade flow effect of membership in the GATT/WTO exceeds that of non‐agriculture,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49510

FIELD CROP SUBSECTOR STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION UNDER FREE TRADE: CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klein,   Kurt K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16874

ANALYSIS OF FORCES AFFECTING COMPETITIVE POSITION OF MEXICO IN SUPPLYING U.S. WINTER MELON MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Espinoza Arellano,   Jose de Jesus; Fuller,   Stephen W.; Malaga,   Jaime E.
An econometric model representing the United States, Mexico and Caribbean nations melon sectors was estimated to analyze the primary economic forces influencing Mexico's competitiveness in the U.S. winter melon market, a period when about two-thirds of U.S. consumption is imported.  Results show peso-devaluation to be important in the short-run and yield-enhancing technology to be important in the short- and long-run.  Increased rates of growth in Mexican yields were about six times more effective at increasing market share than NAFTA provisions which phase-out U.S. tariffs.  An accelerated rate of growth in Mexican per capita income was found to reduce melon exports about 75% while higher wages would reduce exports about 20% in the long-run.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34543

The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.
The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome.  This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Devaluation; Sudan; CGE analysis; Inflation; Sudanese pound; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; A1; C6; C8; D1D5; D6E6; F1H3.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112971

A Note on the FAO Guiding Principles for Price Support Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Jack Neville; Muir,   D.A.
Several international agencies have in recent years sought to establish a generally accepted code of behaviour to be observed by countries in formulating their agricultural policies. The objectives and vision of problems stimulating these endeavours have varied. OEEC aimed primarily at coordination of the agricultural policies of participating countries in order to increase efficiency and incomes in agriculture for the region as a whole. GATT and FAO have been primarily concerned with the repercussions of domestic agricultural problems upon the levels and stability of international trade, with the consequences for the terms of trade of primary-exporting countries, especially of those in a less advanced stage of economic development, and with the need to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8739

WELFARE IMPROVING COLLUSION IN THE JAPANESE PORK IMPORT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
Underlying parameter estimates suggest that reduction in pork exporters' profit is three times higher when the Japanese GATT safeguard is invoked, providing incentive to foreign suppliers to collude to avoid exceeding the trigger.  This collusion is welfare-improving since the safeguard induces more inefficiencies.  Workable and efficient allocation rules are constructed with a multi-plant monopolist structure that allows trade of quota.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GATT Safeguard; Gate price; Collusion; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21661

A Note on Dumping, Interest Groups and the Public Policy Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmadi-Esfahani,   Fredoun Z.; Jensen,   Paul H.
As a signatory of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Australia is permitted to impose duties on goods that have been imported below 'normal value' and have caused or threatened to cause 'material injury' to the domestic industry producing 'like goods'. There has been a recent push from various industries to increase protection for producers who have been injured by such practices. The Government is concerned, however, that harsher anti-dumping regulations will damage its position in the Uruguay Round of the GATT negotiations. As a result, a Senate Inquiry was established in 1990 to review Australia's anti-dumping legislation. The objective of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the public policy process in addressing this issue....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9628

U.S. TRQS FOR PEANUTS, SUGAR, AND TOBACCO: HISTORICAL ALLOCATION AND NONDISCRIMINATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skully,   David W.
U.S. peanut, sugar, and tobacco tariff rate quotas (TRQs) are allocated to suppliers on an historical market share basis. Once allocated they become difficult to redistribute to accommodate changes in comparative advantage among suppliers. The distribution of trade departs increasingly from the tariff-equivalent distribution advocated by the WTO principle of nondiscrimination. Article XIII of the GATT regarding the rules for historical allocation is examined and applied to four cases of historical allocation: domestic tobacco quota and TRQs for peanuts, sugar and tobacco. The difference between the law enforcement objective of the WTO and the Pareto optimization objective assumed by economists is stressed throughout.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31328

Public Policy, Invasive Species and Animal Disease Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.; Bervejillo,   Jose E.; Jarvis,   Lovell S.
There has been a rapid increase in recent years in invasive species and animal management economic research. Expanded interest in the topic has been partially driven by the practical importance of public policy to deal effectively with invasive species, given its public good aspects. This paper shows that the basic criteria of public goods: non-rivalry and non-excludability, apply directly to animal disease border measures and eradication services, with some caveats. It is also argued that public policy should assess disease control and eradication on grounds of biology, national economic interests, and international cooperation. Specific regulations and programs must be evaluated on the basis of cost benefit principles.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Animal disease management; BSE; FMD; Sanitary barriers to trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8181

Mudanças cambiais e o efeito dos fatores de crescimento das receitas de exportações brasileiras de soja
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Sonia Sueli Serafim de; Lamera,   Janice Alves; Bonjour,   Sandra Cristina de Moura; Figueiredo,   Adriano Marcos Rodrigues.
This paper analyzes exchange rate, export quantity and foreign soybean price in soybean export revenues between 1994 and 2005. We used the shift-share method which allowed the isolation of effects for each variable. The results evidenced that even with adverse exchange rates and foreign prices the quantities exported were increasing in almost all the period. The two main trade policies in act by the Brazilian Government, since the beginning of the Real Plan in 1994, were clearly decisive for the increase in soybean export revenues and exported quantities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rate; Export revenues; Soybean; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55170

Wheat Cleaning and its Effect on U.S. Wheat Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.; Leetmaa,   Susan E.; Webb,   Alan J.
This analysis shows that there could be net gains to the U.S. wheat industry if all U.S. export wheat were to be cleaned to a dockage level between 0.35 to 0.40 percent. These results are based on survey results of major importers of U.S. wheat, and a model of world wheat trade. Larger benefits to the U.S. wheat industry would be possible from cleaning only wheat destined to countries that demand higher quality U.S. wheat. However, these gains in export revenue from selling cleaner wheat could be offset if other exporters, especially Canada, responded in ways that would maintain their market share.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Grain quality; Trade model; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51108

Multilateral Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Sugar Markets (Revised)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elobeid,   Amani E.; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the impact of trade liberalization, removal of production subsidies, and elimination of consumption distortions in world sugar markets using a partial-equilibrium international sugar model calibrated on 2002 market data and current policies. The removal of trade distortions alone induces a 27% price increase while the removal of all trade and production distortions induces a 48% increase by 2011/12 relative to the baseline. Aggregate trade expands moderately, but location of production and trade patterns change substantially. Protectionist OECD countries (the EU, Japan, the US) experience an import expansion or export reduction and significant contraction in production in unfettered markets. Competitive producers in both OECD countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Doha; Domestic subsidies; Sugar; Trade liberalization; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18604

MODELLING THE IMPACTS OF MACROECONOMIC AND TRADE POLICIES ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Letsoalo,   Anthony; Kirsten,   Johann F.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of macroeconomic and trade policies on the agricultural sector in South Africa. Macroeconomic and trade policies are determined outside the agricultural sector and since the 1990s South Africa has been moving towards deregulation and trade liberalization. Structural econometric model was applied to determine the impacts of changes in macroeconomic and trade policies on the agricultural sector. Two Stage Least Squares (TSLS) was the technique used because of the simultaneous nature of the equations in the model. The results of the study shows that 10 percent reduction in import tariffs will lead to 11.44 percent increase in the degree of openness of the South African economy. Furthermore, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19085

Farming Systems and Global Threats: Problems and Proposals Northern Portugal Cases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marta-Costa,   Ana Alexandra; Lourenco-Gomes,   Lina.
In a context of growing global threats, from climate change, the depletion and degradation of natural resources, to the recent global economic crisis, consequences of short and long term are being witnessed, which undermine the agriculture sustainability. The systems vulnerability, their inability to resilience and the need for innovation is observed, emphasizing also the most capable systems (more sustainable), offering new opportunities and encouraging more environmentally friendly practices. This work takes as starting point the evolution of economic, environmental and social parameters in farms, in recent years, in order to try to identify the difficulties and the solutions capable of sustaining agriculture in the context of multiple hazards at the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farming sustainability; Swot analysis; Proposals; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114368

International Negotiations on Farm Support Levels: The Role of PSEs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan; Josling,   Timothy E.; Pearson,   Scott R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51239

Southeast Asia's Emergence as a Top U.S. Market (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baize,   John C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106143

Trade and Development, Development and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50663

ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NATIONAL BEEF IMPORT LEVEL CHANGES ON THE VIRGINIA BEEF AND PORK SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baum,   Kenneth; Safyurtlu,   Ali N.; Purcell,   Wayne D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30130

Patterns of Chilean Agricultural Trade in the Context of NAFTA and MERCOSUR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muchnik,   Eugenia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50812

How To Avoid Killing The Chicken That Lays The Golden Eggs: An Analysis Of The Potential Impacts Of An Export Tax On Raw Tobacco In Mozambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Miguel,   Arlindo; Zandamela,   Julieta; de Sousa,   Natercia; Boughton,   Duncan; Tschirley,   David L.; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Research Results from the Policy Analysis Department, MADER – Directorate of Economics, In collaboration with Michigan State University
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55243

A mudança do regime cambial e o seu impacto na balança comercial brasileira
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Leo da Rocha; Silva,   Carlos Alberto Goncalves da; Araújo,   Paulo Fernando Cidade de.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the change on the Brazilian exchange rate policy implemented in January 1999, and to analyze agricultural sector transformations. Specifically, the paper is an attempt to identify the economic relations of the aggregate performance of the Brazilian commercial trade balance and total GDP or agricultural GDP, world income, and real exchange rate as of in the 1980-2006 (up to first quarter) period. The main conclusion of the study is that the exchange rate policy bands of Plano Real exerted a negative effect on exports and favored imports. With the liberation of the Brazilian exchange rate, from 1999 on, the estimated relations appear to have a positive net effect on the commercial trade balance of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange Rate Policy; Commercial Trade Balance; Brazilian Agriculture; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55188

EXPORT BEHAVIOR OF LOUISIANA AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughes,   Karol W.; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Ortego,   Albert.
The United States is a party to several trading blocks, including the North American Free Trade Agreement, and is a signatory to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.  The impact of the new trading environment on the agribusiness sector depends on the business activities of individual firms. A survey of agribusiness firms was undertaken to gather information on their exporting experience and plans.  The responses of exporters and non-exporters are presented. The likelihood of exporting increased with the size of a firm, both in terms of employee numbers an annual sales.  The survey showed that for the majority of firms, exports accounted for less than 10% of total sales and that only a small number of companies had used government programs intended...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31673

THE EFFECTS OF EEC ENTRY ON THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF SELECTED PORTUGUESE FEEDGRAINS AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Curtis,   Roberto.
Portugal has one of the most backward agricultural sectors in Europe; it is less developed and less dynamic than the other countries negotiating entry into the European Economic Community (EEC), Spain and Greece.  Portugal's entry into the EEC is expected on January 1, 1984.  EEC entry and the required adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy will require Portugal to eliminate its present agricultural policies and substitute them with the established CAP, and the resultant often higher EEC consumer prices.  The general objective of this study is to assess the probable impact of Portuguese entry into the EEC on the importation of U.S. feedgrains and livestock products.  The specific objectives of the study are:  1)  To describe the current structure of...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11024

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: CONFLICT AVOIDANCE AND RESOLUTION IN NAFTA'S AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade disputes; Trade remedy law; Agricultural trade; NAFTA; Beef industry; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29250

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF ASIAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48524

Performance, Competitiveness and Determinants of Tomato Export from India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Nalini Ranjan; Rai,   Mathura.
The performance and competitiveness of export of tomato and its products from India have been analyzed to find (i) production and export performance of tomatoes in India, (ii) impact of trade liberalization on export of tomato and its products, (iii) major destinations of Indian tomato and tomato products, and (iv) determinants of tomato export. The export performance ratio (EPR) has been estimated to examine the export competitiveness of India in tomato and tomato products. Annual compound growth rate and coefficient of variation for two periods, before (1985-1994) and after (1995- 2004) the commencement of WTO have been estimated to study the impact of trade liberalization on the export performance of India in tomato and its products. Export demand...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47447

ANTI-DUMPING IN AGRICULTURE BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES: TWO CASES OF TOMATOES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16941

Socio-Economics of Pearl Culture: Industry Changes and Comparisons focusing on Australia and French Polynesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Poirine,   Bernard.
Concentrates on comparing socio-economic aspects of pearl culture in Australia, which mostly relies on the culture of the South Sea pearl oyster P. maxima, with that in French Polynesia which depends on the culture of the black-lipped pearl oyster P. margaritifera.  Australian culture of pearl oysters dates from the 1950s whereas culture of black pearls in French Polynesia dates from the second half of the 1970s.  After briefly outlining the history of pearl culture in Australia and Tahiti, this paper provides an overview of the industry, comparative structure of the industry in Australia and French Polynesia and its technologies.  Socio-economic impacts, especially regional impacts, of the industry are considered.  Market characteristics (such as  prices...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pearl oyster; Pearls; Australian Pearl Industry; French Polynesia; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47952

CRITICAL WORLD ISSUES AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deutsch,   Harold C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17989

Trade in Food Staples: Promoting Price Stability and Food Security through Intra-Regional Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Published by Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Trade; Africa; Agriculture; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54504

Long-Distance Marketing of Sweet Potato from the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: An Analysis of Consumer Preferences and Supplier Responsiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omot,   Norah; Spriggs,   John; Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie).
Sweet potato is by far the most important staple food in Papua New Guinea. While much is consumed as a subsistence crop, it is also an important income earner for many small holder farmers in the Highlands of PNG. Of the Highlands sweet potato sold, about 90 percent is traded informally on open markets, locally or in coastal urban markets. Data from a consumer survey, from an informant interview of highlands suppliers and from consumer and supplier observations at the Lae market (the largest coastal urban market for sweet potato) was used to explore the extent to which Highland sweet potato in the coastal urban market of Lae, may be considered a differentiated product. As a staple food being sold on informal markets one may think it is best represented as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer preferences; Differentiated product; Highland suppliers; Supplier awareness; Supplier responsiveness; Marketing strategies; Lae; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59110

IMPACT OF THE MFA PHASE-OUT ON THE WORLD ECONOMY AN INTERTEMPORAL, GLOBALGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi.
This study focuses on the possible impact of the MFA phase-out on the world economy. Starting from analyzing trends in world textile and apparel trade (T&amp;A), the study found that the developing countries were a growing factor in world T&amp;A trade in recent decades. Moreover, using trade data from 91 countries over 37 years, the empirically investigate of the study indicates a strong positive relationship between trade in textile and apparel and the standard of living. However, about 50 percent of industrial countries’ markets are not available for developing countries and intra-EU trade still accounts for half of total EU imports of T&amp;A products. A more open and freer market in the industrial countries is an important condition for developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16263

Comparing the effects of different approaches to liberalising world grains markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hirad,   Hagi; Nelson,   Rohan; Andrews,   Neil; Shaw,   Ian.
The success of the current Doha Round of the WTO negotiations on agriculture will require substantial reform in each of the three areas of market access, export subsidies and domestic support. Substantial improvement in market access for agricultural products will be an essential requirement for achieving a successful outcome. However, the extent of improvement in market access resulting from the current negotiations will largely depend on the form and the approach followed to reduce tariffs and expand tariff rate quotas. In this paper different approaches to expanding market access for grains area analysed using a partial equilibrium model. Simulated scenarios include linear reductions in applied tariffs and expansions in tariff rate quotas, which are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57892

Interesting Experiences in Wheat and Milk Channels in a Country Under the EU Accession
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gavrilescu,   Dinu; Serbanescu,   Camelia; Grodea,   Mariana; Turtoi,   Crina Sinziana.
The wheat chain went through a significant restructuring in terms of ownership and operation. Among the agri-food processing sub-sectors, milling and bakery saw the largest development, in terms of employment, turnover and investment, both FDI and domestic capital. The milk sector saw even more fundamental changes during the transition period. It has been the only agricultural product that recorded continuous increase in both yield and total output during the past decade. The restructuring of the downstream sector was among the most difficult in the country's agri-food sector Considered as well as staple food, together with wheat, milk has been submitted to heavy intervention policies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Romania; Wheat channel; Milk channel; FDI; International Relations/Trade; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24483

Outlook for Asian Dairy Markets: The Role of Demographics, Income, and Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Fengxia.
The paper first presents a 10-year outlook for major Asian dairy markets (China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) based on a world dairy model. Then, using Heien and Wessells's technique, dairy product consumption growth is decomposed into contributions generated by income growth, population growth, price change, and urbanization and these contributions are quantified. Using the world dairy model, the paper also analyzes the impacts of alternative assumptions of higher income levels and technology development in Asia on Asian dairy consumptions and world dairy prices. The outlook projects that Asian dairy consumption will continue to grow strongly in the next decade. The consumption decomposition...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18563

Outlook for U.S. Dairy Exports in a Changing World Market (Power Point)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehrke,   Brad C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37387

INTERNATIONAL EXPORT PROMOTION FOR WASHINGTON APPLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elwell,   Terry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26658

Liberalizacion y reformas al agro: lecciones de Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naude,   Antonio Yunez.
Este artículo examina los Acuerdos de la liberalización del mercado de Norteamérica (NAFTA) con el objeto de analizar el impacto sobre la agricultura y la economía rural en México, y evaluar las políticas introducidas por México para acompañar el proceso. La primera conclusión es que, el NAFTA ha cubierto las predicciones e intensificado las tendencias pre-NAFTA en la agricultura mexicana. La segunda es que la liberalización del mercado promueve y facilita la difícil transición hacia una economía más abierta, y simultáneamente las  políticas sectoriales que promueven un desarrollo rural integrado. La experiencia mexicana, sin embargo, muestra que la visión polarizada que presentan varios agentes políticos con respecto a la elección de políticas públicas...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Effects free trade agreements; Agriculture; Mexico; Public policies; International Relations/Trade; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7990

Multilateral or Regional Agreement: The Case of Mediterranean Non-EU Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattas,   Konstadinos; Tsakiridou,   Efthimia; Somwaru,   Agapi.
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are at a crossroad regarding potential trade reforms. The EU is not only the world's largest market for the region's agricultural products, but also remains the prime outlet for these Mediterranean countries' exports. An applied general equilibrium model is used to assess the impact of various trade reform options in the region. Results suggest that the region might benefit most under special provisions for developing countries. Under global trade reform, MENA preferences with EU might be eroded, with EU Mediterranean countries like Greece benefit the most with global trade reform.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25627

National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Adcock,   Flynn J.; Hanselka,   Daniel D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Trade; Output; Employment; Exports; International Relations/Trade; Q10; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104208

TURKISH TRADE POLICY AND THE EFFICIENCY OF TURKISH COTTON MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.
Turkish cotton markets are affected by import duties, export taxes, and a range of domestic subsidies.  The degree of economic inefficiency arising from these government policies is estimated through the use of two partial equilibrium models, one for the Aegean market and another for the non-Aegean market.  The welfare implications of these policies are also explored.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21632

A MAGYAR BOROK  KOMPARATÍV ELŐNYÉNEK  ÉS PIACI RÉSZESEDÉS VÁLTOZÁSÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA AZ EU PIACÁN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bozsik,   Norbert.
A külkereskedelmi versenyképesség mérésének gyakran használt módszere a mutatókkal történő értékelés. A külkereskedelmi versenyképesség értékelése meg-lehetősen vegyes képet fest boraink helyzetéről. A megnyilvánuló komparatív előny a palackos borok között csak a fehér asztali, táj kategóriában tapasz-talható, a minőségi boroknál egyetlen esetben sem. A hordós kategóriában is hasonló a helyzet. A kivitel zömét jelentő fehér asztali, táj hordós kategória megnyilvánuló komparatív előnye egyáltalán nem szerencsés az ágazat szempontjából, mivel az alacsony hozzáadott értéket adó hordós bor magas export részarányát sejteti, holott éppen a magas hozzáadott értéket generáló palackos borok esetében lenne ez kedvező az ágazat számára. A fehér minőségi palackozott...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Indikátorok; Horóds és palackozott borexport; Piaci részesedés elemzés; Indices; Barreled and bottled wine export; CSM model; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54854

PRICE-FIXING OVERCHARGES: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
This paper surveys hundreds of published social-science studies of private, hard-core cartels that contain 699 observations of long-run overcharges.  The primary finding is that the median cartel overcharge for all types of cartels over all time periods is 25%:  19% for domestic cartels, 32% for international cartels, and 31% for all successful cartels.  Thus, international cartels have historically been about 68% more effective in raising prices than domestic cartels. Cartel overcharges are skewed to the high side, pushing the mean overcharge for all types of cartels over all time periods to 42%. “"Peak"” cartel overcharges are typically double those of the long-run averages. These results are generally consistent with the few, more limited, previously...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19254

Agriculture and Dairy Production Systems in China: An Overview and Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wattiaux,   Michel A.; Frank,   Gary G.; Powell,   J. Mark; Wu,   Zhinguo; Guo,   Yuyuan.
The Chinese dairy industry is growing rapidly. Since 1980, the rate of increase in dairy cattle in China's dairy industry (+210,000 cows per year) is 1.7 times higher than the rate of decline of dairy cattle in the US dairy industry (-124,000 cows per year). If the current trends do not change, there will be as many dairy cows in China as in the US-approximately 7.45 million cows in 2012.  This two-part Discussion Paper presents the context in which the Chinese dairy industry is developing (Part I) and a study of the Dairy Farm systems and case studies of five farms in the Province of Yunnan, the city of Beijing and the province of Heilongjiang (Part II).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chinese Dairy Industry; Dairy Cows in China; Development of the Chinese Dairy Industry; Chinese Dairy Farm Case Studies; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37654

ECONOMIC AND TRADE INDICATORS FOR LATIN AMERICA, 1960 TO 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48434

Áreas monetárias ótimas: desenvolvimentos recentes e perspectivas para os países do MERCOSUL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Amorim,   Airton Lopes; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
This paper consists of a review of the most important contributions to the understanding of the Optimum Currency Areas (OMA) and on the perspective of implementing such a policy measure into Mercosur. The theoretical support was obtained from reference studies on the European common currency which established the guidelines for the creation of the Euro zone. The findings on the literature review point out that a successful process of macroeconomic coordination is crucial for the implementation of a common currency area. Therefore, before engaging in a process of establishing a common currency area, Mercosur´s members must adopt supranational macroeconomic policy measures that would align their economies to reach stabilization in a regional context.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Otimum Currency Areas; Macroeconomic Coordination; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58670

Market Liberalization and Agricultural Intensification in Kenya (1992-2002)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Kimenju,   Simon Chege; Owuor,   George; Wanyama,   Japheter.
This study analyses the impact of the liberalization on the intensification of maize production in Kenya. It first analyses the impact of liberalization on input and output prices, followed by an analysis of farmer practices comparing two major farmer surveys, from 1992 and 2002. The results show that liberalization has had a general positive impact on the evolution of prices, with a decrease of input/output price ratios. However, fluctuations of maize prices has become very high and, combined with a decrease of marketing by the marketing board, has increased the uncertainty in maize production. The liberalization has also resulted in a decrease in extension services. Fortunately, farmers have an increased access to credit services. The combined effect of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Intensification; Adoption; Maize; Africa; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25419

Does Africa Trade Less than it Should, and If So, Why?: The Role of Market Access and Domestic Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Mishra,   Santosh; Roy,   Devesh.
This paper addresses the question of whether Africa is an undertrading continent. We answer this question using a much-improved data set for obtaining predicted trade and by employing methods that correct for bias in estimates of undertrading. Our results indicate that globally Africa is an underexporter in our preferred Heckman specification. This result is robust to the addition of various controls and the application of variants of the gravity model of trade. We also looked for explanations for Africa’s undertrading. We found that accounting for transport and communication infrastructure reduced the undertrading effect for Africa, and in some specifications of the gravity model, the under-trading effect vanished altogether. Results from a semiparametric...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Undertrading; Trade related infrastructure; Market access; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42320

A Comparison of Tariffs and Quotas in a Strategic Setting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
We model the situation where two large countries impose either tariffs or quotas and a third large country remains passive. The introduction of the third country overturns results from two-country models. Stable quota equilibria are capable of reproducing the equilibrium price under tariffs, and Nash equilibria with quotas can result in positive amounts of trade. Using a linear partial equilibrium model, we show that world welfare may be higher under Nash quotas than under Nash tariffs. However, simulation results suggest that tariffs are likely to result in higher welfare than quotas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariffs and quotas; Nash equilibria; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51250

GATT Liberalization and World Grain Markets: Potential and Constraints for Western Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Veeman,   Terrence S.; Adilu,   Shiferaw.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24062

Die WTO-Verhandlungen und die GAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brockmeier,   Martina; Pelikan,   Janine; Klepper,   Rainer.
Over the last decades the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been increasingly influenced by the WTO negotiations. The Mac-Sharry-Reform and the Mid Term Review (MTR) reform of the CAP for example improved the conformity between the EU agricultural policy and the liberalization requirements on the international level. Currently, it is again discussed within the Health Check how the EU direct payments will be adapted to meet the international and national requirements. This paper employs the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Model to quantify the global and national effects of the implementation of the current WTO negotiations and the adaptation of the EU direct payments. The impact of the change in the respective political instruments and the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO negotiation; HS6-digit tariff lines; Sensitive products; EU direct payments; Reform of the GAP; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97589

THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY EDUCATION PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christiansen,   Martin K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17518

Pesticide Regulation Under NAFTA: Harmonization in Process?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badulescu,   Dan; Baylis,   Katherine R.
Different standards in pesticides and pest protection have often been used as trade barriers, whether real or manufactured.  While harmonization is often touted as a means to limit the ability of domestic (protectionist) interests to use standards as a barrier to trade, the process of harmonization itself is subject to rent-seeking.  In this paper, we explore the harmonization of standards that affect pesticide use in NAFTA and ask whether the process is benefiting any groups more than others.   There is evidence that patented pesticide producers have greater access to the harmonization process and may be using harmonization to raise costs to their rivals while preserving their ability to price discriminate.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24163

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS, TRADE, AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nielsen,   Chantal Pohl; Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
This paper analyzes price, production and trade consequences of changing consumer preferences regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production. The analytical framework used is an empirical global general equilibrium model, in which the entire food processing chain – from primary crops through livestock feed to processed foods – is segregated into genetically modified (GM) and non-GM lines of production. This model is used to analyze the implications of widespread use of genetically engineered crops in some regions whilst consumers in Western Europe and High- income Asia adopt a critical attitude toward GM foods. Two different representations of consumer preference changes are illustrated: (1) a change in price sensitivity:...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16287

The Future of Canadian Wheat Exports to Japan: Comparing the Japanese and South Korean Noodle Flour Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Renee B.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Unterschultz,   James R.
While the demand for wheat flour for bread is relatively static in both Japan and South Korea, consumer markets for noodles in both countries are growing in importance. Each of the two countries depends heavily on milling-wheat imports since there is very little domestic wheat production. Canadian wheat exports represent only a small share of South Korean wheat imports and about 25 percent of the wheat imported by Japan. The South Korean wheat import market was deregulated in 1990. The liberalization of wheat imports and deregulation of the Korean milling sector have intensified competition in the flour milling industries in that market. Individual millers are interested in developing new blending formulae for wheat flour in order to survive in a more...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45700

QUALITY RESTRICTIONS AS BARRIERS TO TRADE:  THE CASE OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REGULATIONS ON THE USE OF HORMONES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   E. Wesley F.; Paggi,   Mechel S.; Henry,   Guy.
Sanitary regulations, product definitions, grades, production or processing regulations, and other qualitative standards are generally applied to both domestic production and imported goods.  These quality restrictions can be seen as trade barriers, although it is often difficult to determine whether a given restriction is based on legitimate health or safety concerns or is simply an alternative device for protecting producers.  The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the welfare effects of a recent quality regulation, the European Community ban on the use of hormones in livestock production.  A conceptual framework is developed to analyze the effects of the ban on the market for edible offals.  The results indicate that Community prices for edible offals...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32154

The environment in the dynamics and interactions between economic growth and openness to international trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nappo,   Alessandra Francesca.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114631

The EU Sugar Policy Regime and Implications of Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Umstaetter,   Johannes; Kelch,   David R.
The European Union’s sugar policy, in place since 1968, underwent its first major reform in 2005 in response to mounting and unsustainable imbalances in supply and demand. The reform, however, targeted only a few policy instruments (intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key policies unchanged (interstate quota trading, sugar-substitute competition, and import barriers). Consequently, the extent of the reform’s impact is limited, compared with more far-reaching alternatives, particularly when the oligopolistic nature of the industry and its noncompetitive pricing behavior are taken into account. A model-based analysis suggests that the reforms by themselves are unlikely to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: European Union; EU; Sugar CMO; Common Market Organization; Policy reform; Trade; Economic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56457

Volatility in Agriculture Commodity Prices in India: Impact and Macroeconomic and Sector-Specific Policy Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bathla,   Seema.
Globalization and trade liberalization have exposed agricultural sector of many developing countries to sudden disturbances, caused not just by demand-supply conditions within their economies but also by volatility in global commodity prices, exchange rate and surge in imports. This paper evaluates the magnitude of sensitivity of Indian agriculture to these factors, and explores policy options that may neutralize their adverse effects, maintain price incentives and stability. The analysis is undertaken for one important tradable commodity viz. wheat by applying a structural econometric model, separately under the exportable and importable scenarios from 1980-81 to 2009-10. Findings reveal wheat to be increasingly driven by an incentive structure based on...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Price transmission; Volatility; Macroeconomic policies; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; Q17; C22; E69; E60.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122543

The Cotton and Sugar Subsidies Decisions: WTO's Dispute Settlement System Rebalances the Agreement on Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Stephen J.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15640

Rice Price Stabilization in Madagascar: Price and Welfare Implications of Variable Tariffs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Minten,   Bart.
Given the large share of major staples in the budgets of the poor, governments in many developing countries intervene in food markets to limit variation in the prices of staple foods. This paper examines the recent experience of Madagascar in stabilizing prices through international trade and the implications of adjustments in tariff rates. Using a partial equilibrium model, we quantify the overall costs and benefits of a change in import duties for various household groups, and compare this intervention to a policy of targeted food transfers or security stocks.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Policy; Price Stabilization; Trade; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25478

Sustainable Development and Economic Growth in the Amazon Rainforest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nogueira,   Jorge Madeira; Kyle,   Steven C.
This paper analyzes the implications of the concept of sustainable development for economic growth. Most definitions of "sustainability" currently in use provide little guide for policy while some would in fact work against the process of development if they were to be operationalized. The difficulties in promoting "sustainable development" in the context of a growing economy where there is a large segment of the population living in absolute poverty are illustrated with the case of the Brazilian Amazon.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121364

The Effect of Relative Prices and Exchange Rates on Domestic Market Share of U.S. Red-Meat Utilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Keithly G.
Trade-related factors influencing the decline in domestic market share of U.S. red meats were investigated. The study are to examine the effects of relative meat price changes (domestic and imported), the relative U.S. dollar values and their volatilities, and the effect that BSE has had on U.S. red-meat trade. The results show that the relative meat price and exchange rate indices as well as their volatilities significantly affect the U.S. market share of its total meat utilization. The BSE dummy variable has an expected positive sign, though it was statistically insignificant.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Red meats; Market share; Relative price index exchange rates; Panel estimation; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; C23; F1; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25424

TESTING DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS FOR IMPORT DEMAND MODELS: THE CASE OF COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnade,   Carlos Anthony; Pick,   Daniel H.; Vasavada,   Utpal.
Error correction models impose few prior restrictions on dynamic model specification and allow the data to determine model structure. Despite this obvious advantage, few applications have adopted the error correction model to explain trade flows. An error correction model of cotton import demand is estimated for France, Japan, and Hong Kong. A variety of tests are applied to determine the dynamic structure of the model. We find the most general models are those that best fit the data for cotton import demand. Long-run elasticities from these general models are significantly different than elasticities derived from a comparable static model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51119

Prospects for Uganda's Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.; Combs,   David K.
The East African country of Uganda might not be thought of as the location of a viable, growing dairy industry. However, Uganda recorded a threefold increase in milk production from 1991 to 2004. While Uganda's dairy industry faces important challenges, the industry possesses advantages that can lead to further increases in milk production if additional, profitable markets can be found for Uganda's milk and dairy products. A major advantage possessed by Uganda's dairy industry is a favorable climate for milk production. Uganda's farmers also have demonstrated a willingness to accept new technologies that can increase milk production. The biggest challenges facing the industry are those associated with poor milk quality and pronounced seasonality of milk...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uganda Dairy Industry; Uganda's Political and Economic Environment; Pasture-Based Dairy Industry; Poor Milk Quality; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37492

Trade Similarities between Eastern and Southern Europe: Opportunities or Competition? Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marques,   Helena.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "Trade Similarities between Eastern and Southern Europe: Opportunities or Competition" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23923

Food Culture Distance: An Antecedent to Export Marketing Strategy Adaptation - An Empirical Examination of Swedish and Finnish Food Processing Companies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azar,   Goudarz.
The IFAMR is the Official Journal of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association: www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Culture; Export; Food; Marketing; Strategy; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114641

The Impact of Trade Costs on Firm Entry, Exporting, and Survival in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Sooil; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This study uses a unique firm-level dataset to examine how falling trade costs from 1993-2001 affected entry, exit, productivity, and exporting in the Korean manufacturing sector.  We verify many of the predictions of recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade.  For example, falling trade costs reduced entry by new Korean firms, increased their probability of exit, and reduced the market share of surviving firms.  We also find that small firms had a particularly high level of dynamism over the sample period.  Small firms were more likely to enter and exit, and marginally more likely to gain market share, enter export markets for the first time, and improve their productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment; Exit; Exports; Firm deaths; Survival; Trade costs; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49185

THE RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF A RANGE OF ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR IMPROVING AUSTRALIA'S BALANCE OF TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stoeckel,   Andrew B.; Higgs,   Peter J.
Australia faces a very serious trade problem. A large improvement in the balance of trade is required simply to stop its international debt from rising above levels which are already considered too high. In this paper, a range of economic policies are examined. Each generates a $A1 billion improvement (in 1985-86 prices) in the balance of trade after about 2 years. The following economic shocks are examined: an increase in world agricultural prices; a cut in real wages; a reduction in protection for manufacturing industries; a change in the tax mix in favour of indirect taxation; and a contraction in real domestic absorption. The impacts of these shocks are derived from simulations with ORANI, a computable general equilibrium model of the Australian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22962

Continuity and change: Land and water use reforms in rural Uzbekistan. Socio-economic and legal analyses for the region Khorezm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wehrheim,   Peter; Schoeller-Schletter,   Anja; Martius,   Christopher; Djanibekov,   Nodir; Bobojonov,   Ihtiyor; Rudenko,   Inna; Lamers,   John P.A.; Muller,   Marc; Schieder,   Tina; Cai,   Ximing; Hirsch,   Darya; Wall,   Caleb.
Decades of Soviet rule have left a heritage of environmental and social problems in Central Asia. The demise of an entire ecosystem at unprecedented pace, the "Aral Sea Syndrome", is the most prominent of the undesired outcomes of the focus on agricultural production that has dominated land and resource use and continues till today. The international outcry over this ecological crisis has delegated other – and maybe more urgent – problems to a second pane. Rural livelihoods are rapidly deteriorating, unemployment is high, and rural poverty widespread. Ecological aspects, although strongly affecting everyday life in rural areas – such as water and soil salinity and environmental pollution – are not the fore most concern to the local population, as the...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92320

Implications of the WTO on the Redesign of U.S. Farm Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18286

LEGAL CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junker,   Joel R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26664

The Economics of Endangered Species Poaching
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Poaching; International trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; K42; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37707

Public Goods, the Environment, and International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; von Witzke,   Harald.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50872

AS EXPORTAÇÕES DE CARNE DE FRANGO E AS HABILITAÇÕES DE PRODUTOS PARA O MERCADO INTERNACIONAL - UM ESTUDO DA MESSOREGIÃO OESTE DO PARANÁ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staduto,   Jefferson Andronio Ramundo; Deliberali,   Edson Antonio; Viana,   Giomar; Rinaldi,   Rubia Nara.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as exportações brasileiras de carne de frango no período de 1996 a 2006, bem como a tendência que vem acontecendo nos últimos anos em relação a uma possível mudança no perfil do produto exportado, de maneira a verificar se a cadeia de carne de frango paranaense, mais especificamente da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, tem se adaptado a essa demanda em ascensão. Primeiramente, é feita uma análise sobre a evolução da produção mundial do produto, caracterizando a exportação, importação, consumo e os países envolvidos que mais se destacam em relação a essa cadeia produtiva. Posteriormente são identificados os frigoríficos de abate de frango que compõem a Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, de maneira a demonstrar a forte...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exportação; Cadeia Produtiva de frango; Habilitação; Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná; Exportation; Chicken chain; Proof; West of Paraná State Region; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109772

Trade reform, migration, and a Chinese village economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kleinwechter,   Ulrich; Grethe,   Harald.
Replaced with revised version of paper 09/27/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114753

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Donna.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51219

Agricultural Trade Liberalization Under Doha: The Risks Facing African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badiane,   Ousmane.
African countries tend to be affected by global agricultural policies in the same way as other economies but with much more severe economy-wide repercussions. Most African countries find themselves at the lower end of the economic growth process, which implies a much greater dependence of overall economic growth on domestic demand, agricultural incomes, and agricultural trade. They tend to be characterized by a higher degree of trade openness, increasing dependency on food imports, heavy reliance on agricultural exports for foreign exchange earnings, and lower absorption capacities of global market shocks. These features do not only make African economies more vulnerable to distortions and changes in global trading policies in the agricultural sector. They...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42812

Trust and its Implications for Economic Activity, Welfare and Globalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
According to The Macquarie Dictionary, the word ‘trust’ has more than 20 interpretations in English. Therefore, it is important to specify the way in which the word is being used in any discourses about managerial and economic issues. In what respect and to what extent are economic agents to be trusted in their dealings with others. When economic agents are untrustworthy, this adds to economic transaction costs, reduces the level of economic activity and the achievable level of economic welfare as well as potential gains from growing globalisation. Several adverse economic consequences of lack of business trust are explored along with their consequences for the process of globalisation. Business co-operation and alliances can be important for gaining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trust; Globalisation; Global transactions; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90617

Agricultural situation report of Cyprus and the market and trade policies for fruit/vegetable and olive oil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markou,   Marinos; Kavazis,   Andreas.
During the last decade the Cypriot agricultural sector has been declining in terms of most indices in the economy, mainly due to the spiraling growth of tourism, as crucial investment outlays were diverted from agriculture to tourism; the most important factors of production being land and labor due to substantially higher yields accruing to both. The Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) revealed that the three products studied for the period 1997 to 2000, i.e. tomatoes, oranges and olive oil had a comparative advantage. However, the opening of the European market with EU accession led to the substantive undermining of competitiveness of agricultural products and to the reduction of the value of exports. It is believed that DRC ratios would be higher today that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Domestic Resource Cost; Competitiveness; Tomatoes; Oranges; Olive Oil; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10070

The Global Market for Olive Oil: Actors, Trends, Prospects and Research Needs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; Pupo D'Andrea,   Maria Rosaria.
Olive oil is possibly the single globally consumed and traded product most closely linked to the Mediterranean; non-Mediterranean countries account for less than 2.5 per cent of world production. The paper addresses recent trends in the olive oil world market and the current structure of trade. With respect to existing analyses, its value added is in the level of detail at which the analysis of current trade is conducted, in particular by considering bilateral olive oil trade flows disaggregated with respect to its quality. The main conclusion reached is that the key factors for the future of the market are developments in demands and in the imperfectly competitive structure of the industry, while supply factors and expected changes in trade policies,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9446

Estimating price elasticities of food trade functions: How relevant is the gravity approach?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Femenia,   Fabienne; Gohin,   Alexandre.
The main objective of the paper is related to the long standing issue of the econometric estimation of price elasticity of food trade functions. We investigate the relevance of the prominent gravity approach. This approach is based on the assumptions of symmetric, monotone, homothetic, CES preferences. We test all these assumptions using European intra trade of cheese. In a general way, all assumptions made on preferences by the gravity approach are not supported by our data set. The bias induced on the estimated price elasticities is not univocal.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Trade; Generalized Maximum Entropy; Censored demand system; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7211

Potential Impact of Trade Negotiations on the U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carley,   Dale H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60034

Regional Trade Agreements and U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Please also see Regional Trade Agreements and U.S. Agriculture. This report summarizes the implications of regionalism for the United States, focusing on the effects of major RTA's on U.S. agriculture. Regional trade agreements (RTA's) have become a fixture in the global trade arena. Their advocates contend that RTA's can serve as building blocks for multilateral trade liberalization. Their opponents argue that these trade pacts will divert trade from more efficient nonmember producing countries. U.S. agriculture can benefit from participating in RTA's and may lose when it does not. Agriculture is the source of most potential U.S. gains from RTA's.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33661

THE IMPACT OF EU AND US AGRO-FOOD NON TARIFF MEASURES ON EXPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nardella,   Michele; Boccaletti,   Stefano.
Aim of the paper is to appraise the impact of EU and US non tariff measures on agro-food exports from African, Asian and South-American developing countries. After an inventory description of these measures, a gravity model is estimated. The results offer a measure of the impact of the different type of technical (i.e. labeling and standard requirement for both safety and non safety matters) and non-technical (i.e. import licensing and authorization requirements) provisions and of the different degree of application of the same measures, on the agro-food export from developing countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20105

MARKET ACCESS FOR HIGH-VALUE FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Regmi,   Anita; Gehlhar,   Mark J.; Wainio,   John; Vollrath,   Thomas L.; Johnston,   Paul V.; Kathuria,   Nitin.
Market access remains a major impediment for expansion of global trade in high-value foods, particularly processed foods. Countries use tariffs and other measures that effectively stimulate imports of relatively unprocessed agricultural commodities at the expense of processed products. Tariff escalation, in which tariffs rise with the level of processing, discourages trade in high-value foods, and trade remedy measures, such as antidumping duties, are concentrated among high-value products. Globalization has provided countries with easier access to capital and technology needed to produce processed food, further affecting trade patterns and markets for high-value foods. A uniform cut in tariffs increases trade in high-value foods more than trade in raw...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food trade; Processed food; High-value foods; Tariff; Tariff escalation; Trade remedy measures; Sanitary and phytosanitary measures; Safeguard measures; Revealed comparative advantage; Trade complementarities; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33999

Impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on international trade in fruit and vegetables: A gravity model approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiemann,   Franziska; Fleming,   Euan M.; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Globalization results when markets become more integrated because of reduced transaction and transport costs. These costs have fallen because of sustained advances in transport technology and, more dramatically, in digital information and communication technology (ICT). Although communication costs tend to be a minor component of total trading costs, reductions in these costs may strongly stimulate international trade. The empirical evidence in support of this effect is, however, scant and its strength may depend on the composition of ICT and the nature of the product being traded. We test the hypothesis of an ICT effect on trade in bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and vegetables and fruit in general. We employ a gravity model of international trade between...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Information and communication technology (ICT); International trade; Fruit and vegetables; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123840

TÁRSADALMI TŐKE ÉS A KÖZÖSSÉGI AGRÁRMARKETING AZ ÉLELMISZERGAZDASÁGBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toth,   Aniko.
Az élelmiszeripari szereplők bizalmi szintje magasabb a korábbi évtizedben mért szintnél, a megkérdezettek körében határozottan érzékelhető a szorosabb összefogás szükségességének felismerése. Az együttműködési lehetőség adott. Kér-dés, hogy a bizalmi szint mennyire mozdítja elő a közös fellépésekhez szükséges összefogást, az egyéni érdekek háttérbe szorítását. Egyértelmű az összefüggés a közös programokban való részvételi hajlandóság és mások KAM programokban való részvételének megítélése között. A közös akciókban részt vevő élelmiszeripari szereplők viszonylag nyitottak egymás felé, ami nagy valószínűséggel abból fakad, hogy érzik az akció pozitív hatását, a többi résztvevő együttműködő magatartását, és élményeiket átvetítik az ágazat többi szereplőjére...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Társadalmi tőke; Kooperáció; Közösségi agrármarketing; Social capital; Cooperation; Community agricultural marketing; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57666

How Much Do Decoupled Payments Affect Production? An Instrumental Variable Approach with Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Jeremy G.; Key,   Nigel D.
Agricultural support payments that cause no or minimal production distortions are exempt from World Trade Organization restrictions. If and how much decoupled payments, such as direct payments in the U.S., affect agricultural production remains an open empirical question with implications for policy. We use multiple years of the Census of Agriculture to estimate the aggregate supply response to changes in direct payments. To identify an exogenous source of variation in payments we exploit a provision of the 2002 Farm Act that departed from previous policy by making oilseeds eligible for direct payments, thus increasing payments to areas that historically produced more oilseeds. Using a sample of ZIP codes that accounts for more than eighty percent of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Supply response; Government payments; Program crops; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103455

THE IMPORTANCE OF PRACTICAL EXPORT SKILLS: SOME EVIDENCE FROM CANADIAN AGRIBUSINESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ross,   Donald G.; Whalen,   Michael P.
This paper compares the practical export skills needed by Canadian Agribusiness for sales to the U.S. with those for Overseas markets.  Seventy skills in global entrepreneurship, international marketing, international finance, and international trade logistics were ranked and used to gauge the influence of export market on practical international trade skills.  The findings show that practical export skill requirements vary substantially by firm and export market.  Generally, basic management, marketing, finance, and shipping skills are most important to successful agri-product exporting.  Advanced skills in strategic management, export marketing, and export finance are not important to most exporters.  Instead, most Canadian agribusiness exporters...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34355

Farm Operators No Longer Have Lower Levels of Educational Attainment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124018

Export Growth In India: Has FDI Played a Role?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Kishor.
Export growth in India has been much faster than GDP growth over the past few decades. Several factors appear to have contributed to this phenomenon including foreign direct investment (FDI). However, despite increasing inflows of FDI especially in recent years there has not been any attempt to assess its contribution to India's export performanceone of the channels through which FDI influences growth. Using annual data for 1970-98 we investigate the determinants of export performance in India in a simultaneous equation framework. Results suggest that demand for Indian exports increases when its export prices fall in relation to world prices. Furthermore, the real appreciation of the rupee adversely effects India's exports. Export supply is positively...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Commercial policy; Export subsidies; Foreign direct investment; Exchange rates and India; F21; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F14.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28372

End-Use Performance Uncertainty and Competition in International Wheat Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Preszler,   Todd.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121419

Movement Restrictions, Agricultural Trade and Price Transmission between Israel and the West Bank
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rico,   Ihle; Rubin,   Ofir D.
Imposing military security measures as a consequence of violent conflict may lead to depressing economic effects for all parties involved. One implication is the limited ability to conduct trade, which in turn brings about welfare losses to the economic agents involved and may threat livelihoods and food security. This paper focuses on the consequences of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as a prominent example, on bilateral agricultural trade and price dynamics. For this purpose, we consider high-frequency wholesale price data and data on movement restrictions (complete closures) which were imposed by the Israeli Defense Forces in the West Bank between May 2007 and December 2008. In particular, we study the price dynamics of cucumbers and apples, two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Cointegration; Israel; Regime-dependent error correction; Price transmission; Palestinian territories.; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117021

VETERINARY STANDARDS AS BARRIERS TO TRADE: THE CASE OF POULTRY  TRADE BETWEEN THE U.S. AND THE EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Tian; Weyerbrock,   Silvia.
The EU banned U.S. poultry meat imports because it considers U.S. veterinary regulations unsatisfactory.  We develop a model of the EU and world poultry markets.  We find that the import ban causes a 2.44% increase and a 0.44% decrease in the EU and world price respectively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20924

Federal Crop Insurance and Farm Programs: Will WTO or Budget Concerns Shape the Debate? (Paper and PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coble,   Keith H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8041

The Level Playing Field for Agricultural Production and Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Peter J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12500

Agricultural Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herault,   Nicolas; Thurlow,   James.
South Africa has rapidly reduced trade barriers since the end of Apartheid, yet agricultural production and exports have remained sluggish. Also, poverty and unemployment have risen and become increasingly concentrated in rural areas. This paper examines the extent to which remaining price distortions, both domestic and foreign, are contributing to the underperformance of the agricultural sector vis-à-vis the rest of the economy. We draw on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) and micro-simulation model of South Africa that are linked to the results of a global trade model. This framework is used to examine the effects of eliminating global and domestic price distortions. Model results indicate that South Africa’s agricultural sector currently benefits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52792

INTRODUCTION: SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE AND THE WORLD ECONOMY: THE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newman,   Mark D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29704

SUGAR TRADE AGREEMENTS AND GLOBAL LIBERALIZATION: U.S. PRODUCERS' PERSPECTIVE (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roney,   Jack.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32861

CURRENT ISSUES AFFECTING TRADE AND TRADE POLICY: AN ANNOTATED LITERATURE REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Andrew D.; Langley,   Suchada V.; Chambers,   William.
This review provides a base of literature describing current issues and research on the impacts of globalization and the industrialization of agriculture and recent approaches to analyze and model agricultural trade and trade policies. Three key factors of the survey are differentiated goods, global economic integration and international supply chain linkages. The review covers 182 publications, which are presented alphabetically by author with a brief annotation describing how it relates to the above criteria. The articles are also indexed by keyword. A brief summary highlights the documented literature and includes a series of issues for future discussion and research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14596

LOOKING TO THE FUTURE: CONFLICT AVOIDANCE AND RESOLUTION IN NAFTA'S AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16822

POLICY OPTIONS FOR FACILITATING CHANGE AND MAINTAINING COMPETITION UNDER CONDITIONS OF FREE TRADE WITHIN NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Loyns,   R.M.A.; Ochoa,   Rene F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16878

Why are Trade Agreements Regional?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zissimos,   Ben.
This paper shows how distance may be used to coordinate on a unique equilibrium in which trade agreements are regional. Trade agreement formation is modeled as coalition formation. In a standard trade model with no distance between countries, a familiar problem of coordination failure arises giving rise to multiple equilibria; any one of many possible trade agreements can form. With distance between countries, and through strategic interaction in tariff setting, regional trade agreements generate larger rent-shifting effects than non regional agreements, which countries use to coordinate on a unique equilibrium. Under naive best responses, regional agreements give way to free trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coalition; Coordination; Trade Liberalization; Trade Agreement; Regionalism; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F15; C73.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9102

CHANCE GOVERNS ALL: THE FRAGMENTED, FRUSTATING STATE OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Browne,   William P.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Bonnen,   James T.
The U.S. agricultural policy process is marked by a proliferation of organized interests and rising transaction costs.  These pose a barrier for countries negotiating with the United States on trade issues.  This paper examines the causes of this proliferation of interests, the impact of this proliferation on trade policy decisions, and the consequences of these escalating transaction costs for countries negotiating with the United States.  The results suggest that other countries must anticipate that the U.S. position in trade negotiations will be the result of an accommodation of conflicting interests and that any agreement will pass Congress only if it contains gains for U.S. export industries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11769

Firm Strategy and Foreign Direct Investment: An Examination of the Economic Performance of U.S. Multinational Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia-Fuentes,   Pablo A.; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61803

Dispute Settlement at the WTO: Impacts of a No Deal in the US-Brazil Cotton Dispute
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakatos,   Csilla; Walmsley,   Terrie L.
On the day before Brazil was to start imposing retaliatory sanctions against the US in the WTO dispute settlement case regarding unfair domestic and export upland cotton subsidies, the parties have reached a preliminary concession aimed at settling this 8-year-long trade dispute.   In this paper,  we explore the economy wide impacts of a no deal with speciﬁc emphasis on intellectual property retaliation in a computable general equilibrium framework. As awarded by a WTO dispute settlement panel, Brazil would have been entitled to $591 million in retaliatory sanctions in goods sectors and $238 million in intellectual property sanctions. We ﬁnd that retaliation by Brazil would have led to welfare gains for all countries except the US. Most importantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dispute settlement; WTO; Intellectual property; Computable general equilibrium; International Relations/Trade; C68; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103380

Horizontal price transmission of the Finnish meat sector with major EU players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xing.
The integration of the Finnish meat market in the EU has important implications for domestic agricultural policy. Our aim is to estimate the characteristics of the Finnish pork and beef markets in relation to those of Germany and Denmark. Our analysis uses symmetric and asymmetric threshold error correction models. Both pork and beef prices in Finland are found to have slowly cointegrated with German prices, but the cointegration relationship of the two counties is only found to be symmetric for pork prices, while it is asymmetric for beef prices. The producer price for pork in Finland is symmetrically cointegrated with the Danish price, but the Finnish and Danish beef prices show a random walk. This implies that the price transmission to the Finnish pork...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Asymmetric; Error correction; Thresholds; Pork and beef prices; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100215

U.S.-CHINA AGRICULTURAL TRADE: CONSTRAINTS AND POTENTIAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Fang,   Cheng; Tuan,   Francis C.
China's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s.  The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods.  Constraints on U.S.-China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers.  Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; China; Reform; Trade barriers; United States; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15092

Linkages amongst Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Trade Policy: An Economic Analysis with Applications to the Food Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Norbert L.W.
Our models show that, in OECD countries, tariffs and domestic support, which raise domestic market input prices, can have an effect on how FDI is distributed geographically. FDI may be used to “jump” tariffs.  Investors in a home country may invest in a host country to exploit the preferential tariffs, as from an RTA, which the host has with a third country.  Domestic support to agriculture, an input sector into the food sector, can encourage outward investment and discourage inward investment.  FDI and trade appear to complement one another.  Therefore, policies that open trade may increase FDI and vice versa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21064

Macro and micro effects of subsidy cuts : a short-run CGE analysis for Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans.
"May 1995." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-36).. Published, under same title, in Research i Human Capital and Development, Vol. IIB. JAI Press, Inc. 1997. Pp. 419-440. Published, in 1997, under same title, in The Middle East Business and Economic Review 7(2) 18-39.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Egypt; Government spending policy; Subsidies -- Government policy -- Egypt; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97769

A Constitutional Political Economy Perspective on International Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanberg,   Viktor.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50875

NAREA Awards
Provedor de dados: 31
NAREA Outstanding Master's Thesis Award, NAREA Master's Thesis Award of Merit, NAREA Distinguished Member Awards, NAREA Award for Outstanding Public Service Through Economics, and NAREA's Journal Article of the Year for 2008
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55555

IMPACT OF GATT IN THE FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS: AN EXAMINATION OF MARKET INTEGRATION AND EFFICIENCY IN THE WORLD BEEF AND WHEAT MARKET UNDER THE PRE-GATT AND POST-GATT REGIMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
Although the GATT compliance record is mixed, this study finds consistent evidence that GATT reforms improved market efficiency and integration in the beef and wheat market. Cointegration analysis shows much improved price transmission and speed of adjustment. Variance decomposition analysis reveals larger and quicker impacts in prices of non-fundamental shocks originating from other markets.  Results make a stronger case for more reforms in the current revisitation of the Agreement.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21868

Strategic Devaluation, Trade and Political Convenience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The economies of developed countries have, since 2007, experienced the most significant and persistent period of economic malaise since the 1930s. Domestic economic policies have failed to revive sustained economic growth and, as a result, unemployment remains at levels that voters find difficult to accept. In addition, without tax revenue-enhancing growth, government deficits persist, and borrowing to finance the cumulative deficits has become increasingly difficult for some countries. With domestic policies largely exhausted, but economic growth elusive, policy makers have been considering external policies as a means to stimulate their economies. Trade protectionism and strategic devaluation are potential policies. The lessons of the 1930s regarding the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cooperative solution; Great Depression; Retaliation; Strategic devaluation; Trade; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120203

FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.; Hart,   Chad E.; Kovarik,   Karen; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Womack,   Abner W.; Meyers,   William H.; Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Brown,   D. Scott; Kruse,   John R.; Madison,   Daniel; Meyer,   Seth D.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Wilcox,   Lori.
The FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. The outlook uses a macroeconomic forecast developed by Global Insight.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7296

The Role of Income and Non-homothetic Preferences in Trading Differentiated Food and Beverages. The Case of Canada, the United States, and Selected EU Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haq,   Zahoor Ul; Meilke,   Karl D.
This study investigates the role of income in determining the agrifood exports of selected EU countries, Canada, and the United States (U.S.) by estimating per capita bilateral trade flows for 10 commodity groups across 52 countries for the period 1990–2000. About 43 percent of the total observations of bilateral trade-flows for the selected regions and commodities are zero. Therefore, the fixed-effects Heckman two-step estimation procedure is used to account for the zero observations instead of ignoring or truncating the zeros. A number of hypotheses are tested to highlight the role of income in determining agrifood exports of differentiated agrifood products.  The results show that the three regions (selected EU countries, Canada, United States) face...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7336

AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilcox,   Robert W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1951
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17365

Got (Safe) Milk? Chinese Consumers’ Valuation for Select Food Safety Attributes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ortega,   David L.; Wang,   H. Holly; Wu,   Laping; Bai,   Junfei; Olynk,   Nicole J.
Food safety issues often arise from problems of asymmetric information between consumers and suppliers of food with regards to product-specific attributes or characteristics. Food safety concerns in China are having a drastic impact on consumer behavior, commodity markets, international trade and food security. An additional challenge to the problem of asymmetric information lies in the inherent structure of the governing bodies which oversee food safety and quality. Unlike the United States and other developed countries, China’s food safety is regulated by several government entities with different and sometimes overlapping responsibilities. As a result consumers don’t have a comprehensive food safety and quality system on which to base their economic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Choice experiment; Mixed logit; Latent class logit; Food safety; Preference heterogeneity; Willingness-to-pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98723

China Agriculture Policy Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deng,   Hugh; Kwiecinski,   Andrzej.
Senior food and agriculture officials from China and OECD countries met in Paris for discussions on domestic and trade policy issues in June 2005. The meeting assessed the challenges facing the agriculture and agri-food sectors of China as an increasingly important player in the global trading system. Ongoing dialogue with China on agricultural policy issues and its future directions will foster a better understanding of global challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. This policy note provides a preview of key findings of the country review to be published soon.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: OECD; Global economy; Trade policy issues; Reforms; Economic policies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52066

DYNAMIC COMPLEMENTARITY IN EXPORT PROMOTION: THE MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Patterson,   Paul M.
To justify public subsidies for export promotion, export markets must fail to provide incentives for exporters to recognize the benefits of spillover or long-term benefits of promotion. This paper tests for these failures in dynamic dual model for horticultural export supply.  Results show significant spillovers and dynamic effects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20851

Has Kenyan Farmers’ Access to Markets and Services Improved? Panel  Survey Evidence, 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chamberlin,   Jordan; Jayne,   Thomas S.
This report uses panel data on 1,267 smallholder households to monitor changes in their access to markets and services. We find that Kenyan smallholders’ proximity to infrastructure, markets, and services has improved markedly over the last decade. These improvements, however, have not been uniformly distributed over either time or space. Farmers in high-potential areas of the country continue to enjoy closer proximity to most kinds of markets and services compared to low-potential areas, but the greatest relative improvements over the 1997-2007 period have been in areas of medium and low potential. We also distinguish between public and private investments in examining changes in smallholders’ access to markets. Changes deriving from public investments...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Markets; Food security; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q18; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58545

RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS AND ANOMALIES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERNS: A STUDY OF INDIA, JAPAN, AND THE U.S.A.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28896

Impact on Western Australia’s sheep supply chain of the termination of live sheep exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nath,   Tanmoy; Kingwell,   Ross S.; Cunningham,   Peter; Islam,   Nazrul; Xayavong,   Vilaphonh; Curtis,   Kimbal; Feldman,   David; Anderton,   Lucy; Mahindua,   Truphena.
Western Australia (WA) supplies around three-quarters of Australia’s exports of live sheep. The number of sheep exported live from WA has ranged from 4.5 million to 2.4 million with the trend in numbers exported being downwards. The future of this export trade appears to be increasingly vulnerable and uncertain, primarily because of the influence of animal welfare lobbyists. This paper uses scenario analysis to assess the impact on WA’s sheep supply chain of the termination of the live sheep export trade. The supply chain comprises three subsectors: farm production, processing/wholesale and retailing/export. The impacts of the trade termination on each of these sub-sectors are reported. These impacts are strongly linked to how producers respond to...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Live sheep export; Animal welfare; Regional economic impacts; Industry value chains; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124345

Are Standards Always Protectionist?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marette,   Stephan; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Externality; Nontariff barriers; Protectionism; Safety; Standard; Tariff equivalent; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10007

Who Will China Feed?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohmar,   Bryan; Gale,   H. Frederick, Jr.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122872

THE INFLUENCES OF EXPORT CONTROLS ON WHEAT MARKETS IN SERBIA DURING THE FOOD CRISIS 2007-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djuric,   Ivan; Glauben,   Thomas; Goetz,   Linde.
During the food crisis in 2007/2008 the government of Serbia restricted the export of wheat to ensure that wheat supply on the domestic market is sufficient thereby dampening the increase in consumer food prices. This study investigates the effects of the export restriction on the integration, equilibrium and stability of its domestic wheat market. Within the framework of a Markov-switching error correction model, we utilize weekly wheat grower prices of Serbia and world market prices and compare the state of the wheat market prevailing in the time period before the crisis to when the exports controls are effective. Our results suggest that although the degree of market integration and thus the long-run price elasticity do not change during the crisis, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat market; International market integration; Price transmission; Markov-switching vector error correction model; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57344

Using a decision theoretic approach to choose among alternative import protocols for an import competing commodity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdalla,   Ali; Rodriguez,   Gil; Heaney,   Anna.
The global push toward free trade and the consequent rise in volume of imports from a wider range of countries incurs the likelihood of introducing unwanted pathogens. Given that a zero-risk quarantine policy is not possible, there are tradeoffs between the gains from international trade and the potential costs to society of disease incursions. The aim in this paper is to demonstrate a means for choosing among alternative import protocols through an economic model. The economic modeling approach applied to a stylised set of import protocols was a two step process. First, the gains and losses to consumers and producers, including costs of disease, were estimated for each import protocol. In the second step, three decision rules — minimax, minimin and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123752

Free Trade Agreements and The Doha Round of WTO Negotiations -- Implications for the U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This paper updates findings on the impact to the U.S. dairy industry of international trade talks and free trade agreements with regard to foreign access to U.S. dairy markets and U.S. farm milk prices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Free Trade Agreements; WTO Negotiations; Doha; U.S. Dairy Industry; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37464

PROMOTING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY WHILE MINIMIZING TRADE DISTORTION EFFECTS: THE RELATIVE MERITS OF TRADITIONAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gohin,   Alexandre; Guyomard,   Herve; Le Mouel,   Chantal.
In relation to the growing debate around multifunctionality, this paper attempts to classify alternative measures of agricultural income support according to their ability in achieving three policy objectives (supporting agricultural income, promoting positive externalities and reducing negative ones) as well as to their induced trade distortion effects. Four income support programs are considered: a production-linked payment program, a land-based payment program and two decoupled payment programs. Their effectiveness as regards to the three policy objectives and their relatives induce trade distortion effects are examined on an equal cost/support basis through a conceptual framework that allows for free entry in the sector and the land price to adjust...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20468

Creole Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Roule,   Elizabeth D.
Creolé Coffee had just started to achieve regional and national success. However,recent volatility in the world coffee market resulted not only in price instabilities, but also created difficulty in procuring the high-quality product customers had grown to expect from Creolé. In examining this situation, Jim Brewer determined that the company must adapt their relationships with producers to ensure the availability of the quality and quantity of coffee needed to produce the premium blends consumers now associate with Creolé. In turn this would allow the company to provide consumers with a high quality product at a stable price.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Vertical coordination; Strategic alliances; Risk management; International trade; Commodity procurement.; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8119

Industry Requirements for Export Success
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blumenthal,   Gary.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106129

The French Audiovisual Policy: Impact and Compatibility with Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cocq,   Emmanuel; Messerlin,   Patrick.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26105

THE POTENTIAL FOR EXPORTING VEGETABLES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF U.S. EXPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ashley,   Gregory A.; Epperson,   James E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27497

A Primer On Collective Entrepreneurship: A Preliminary Taxonomy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burress,   Molly J.; Cook,   Michael L.
We document an increasing prevalence of the term ―collective entrepreneurship‖ in scholarly research. By examining the context in which the term is utilized, we present a framework through which to understand motivations for research in collective entrepreneurship and the variety of entrepreneurial endeavors described as collective entrepreneurship. We identify five primary motivations for research: advancement of theory, intra-organizational efficiency, inter-organizational gains, economic growth and development, and socio-political change. We find preliminary evidence collective entrepreneurs may be able to generate rents inaccessible to the sole entrepreneur. In addition, we propose mechanisms which foster entrepreneurship may differ for sole and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92628

DOMESTIC SUPPORT: ISSUES AND OPTIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Brink,   Lars; Dyck,   John H.; MacLaren,   Donald.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14622

Política económica, industrialización y exportaciones de manufacturas en el Perú
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paredes,   Carlos E.
Este documento revisa el proceso de industrialización peruano a partir de los años cincuenta, desde la perspectiva de la evolución de su sesgo pro o antiexportador.  Además, analiza la evolución de las políticas que afectaron la rentabilidad de la actividad exportadora en general y su efecto sobre las exportaciones de manufacturas, para lo cual se estima un modelo econométrico de oferta de exportaciones.  Finalmente, se presenta una serie de simulaciones sobre la evolución futura de la balanza de pagos del país.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Politica economica; Politica de exportacion; Diversificacion de exportaciones; Peru; Economic policy; Export policy; Export diversification; International Relations/Trade; F13.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42292

A Pilot Program for U.S. Food Aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosen,   Stacey L.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122812

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Vietnam: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Que,   Nguyen Trung.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Vietnam. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, commercial expansion of agriculture, performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, coffee, rubber, tea, cashew nut and groundnut. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Vietnam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Trade; Agricultural products; Production; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32676

Building on the Hong Kong Ministerial: A Critical Year for the DOHA Development Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Portman,   Robert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33364

THE WTP/WTA DISPARITY: HAVE WE BEEN OBSERVING DYNAMIC VALUES BUT INTERPRETING THEM AS STATIC?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kling,   Catherine L.; List,   John A.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
This study advances, and experimentally tests, a new explanation for the disparity between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA)-a dynamic neoclassical theory based on the presence of commitment costs. While to date neoclassical models have not explained the observed data patterns well, we find that the commitment cost theory is able to explain adequately the causes and severity of the WTP/WTA value disparity. In particular, using data gathered from an actual marketplace, even the most stringent of our theoretical conjectures-cases where WTP values are predicted to exceed WTA values-oftentimes are met.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Field experiment; Neoclassical theory; Willingness to accept; Willingness to pay; WTP/WTA disparity; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18595

Retail Food Prices Vary Significantly Across U.S. Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leibtag,   Ephraim S.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124017

THE EFFECT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN TRADE POLICY REGIME ON THE BEEF AND MAIZE SUB-SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bahta,   Sirak Teclemariam.
Trade policies form the main economic 'buffer' between one national economy and another, i.e. the general and specific elements of each nation's trade policy interact directly or indirectly with those of other nations in all economic transactions across international borders.  A nation's trade policy involves specific actions to encourage and promote or discourage foreign trade through the legal, financial and institutional environment within which foreign transactions occur.    This study evaluates the trade policy applicable to the beef and maize sub-sectors in South Africa.  Issues that are investigated include whether trade policy provides more or less protection than needed, whether it creates more openness for trade and the revealed comparative...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28061

AN INTRODUCTION TO STATE TRADING IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Karen Z.; Dixit,   Praveen M.
State trading enterprises are far more prevalent in agriculture than in other industries. STEs account for significant shares of world trade in grains, dairy products, and sugar. Attempts to measure the impacts of STEs and their activities on international agricultural trade have just begun. This report presents a classification scheme for STEs that provides a qualitative index of an STE's ability to control domestic markets and its ability to influence external trade. We applied the classification scheme to nine major agricultural STEs and concluded that only a few of them are able to affect international trade substantially. Recent policy reforms have eroded some of the nine's powers to influence trade.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33909

Impact of Free Trade Agreements on the Colombian Beef Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Miguel I.; Frank,   Julieta; Parra,   Tatiana.
Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the impact of these TAs on the welfare of cattle producers, beef marketers and meat consumers in Colombia. Our results suggest that with free imports of chicken parts from the U.S, beef consumption and retail prices of beef both decrease and the derived demand and prices of fed cattle decrease. With beef imports from the MERCOSUR region, domestic beef prices and beef production fall, but total beef consumption increases. Overall, consumers are better off and there are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef; Colombia; Partial equilibrium; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; F14; D60; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61670

Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Kerr,   William A.; Mekkaoui,   Cherine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Eu; Canada; Agreement; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102304

Grain Sorghum International Trade: U.S.-Mexico Simulation and Estimation Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Bing; Malaga,   Jaime E.
An econometric international supply/demand/trade simulation and forecast sorghum model in a partial equilibrium framework is built in this research paper to quantify the effects of key exogenous variables on the U.S.-Mexico sorghum trade. A forecast baseline is also established by using the validated model and values of exogenous variables provided by FAPRI to project the level of endogenous variables over the period of 2009 to 2017. Impacts of plausible alternative scenarios for key exogenous variables are simulated from 2009 to 2017.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; International Trade; Simulation; Estimation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56434

GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION: ASSESSING MODEL VALIDITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Keeney,   Roman; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
This paper presents a validation experiment of a global CGE trade model widely used for analysis of trade liberalization. We focus on the ability of the model to reproduce price volatility in wheat markets. The literature on model validation is reviewed with an eye towards designing an appropriate methodology for validating large scale CGE models. The validation experiment results indicate that in its current form, the GTAP-AGR model is incapable of reproducing wheat market price volatility and that trade and poverty analysis taking these prices as inputs might be wrongly influenced. We conclude that model validation is tractable and an important component of analysis, as it points to areas to consider for refining analysis. In the specific case presented...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20199

THE TRADE IMBALANCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA: THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE RATE AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
The pattern of trade between the United States and China has dramatically changed during the past 15 years.  Until 1992, the commodity trade volume between the two countries was around $10 billion per year, but it grew to $60 billion in 1999.  Because China has kept its currency (yuan or renminbi) pegged to the U.S. dollar since 1994, its current large trade surplus with the United States has led some critics to claim that the yuan is undervalued.   The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of the U.S.-China bilateral exchange rate on the pattern of trade between the two countries after controlling for alternative factors influencing U.S.-Chinese bilateral trade flows.   The results suggested that the U.S-China bilateral exchange rate does not have an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23553

Agriculture's 'multifunctionality' and the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
Are the agricultural policy reforms embodied in the Uruguay Round consistent with meeting domestic policy objectives such as providing adequate food security, environmental protection and viability of rural areas? This article examines the claim that agriculture deserves more price support and import protection than other sectors because of the non‐marketed externalities and public goods it produces jointly with marketable food and fibre (agriculture’s so‐called ‘multifunctionality’). Do these unrewarded positive externalities exceed the negative externalities from farming by more than the net positive externalities produced by other sectors? To what extent are those farmer‐produced spillovers under‐supplied, and what are the most efficient ways to boost...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117848

THE WORLD SITUATION AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Slyck,   Philip.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1959
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17767

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO SANITÁRIA E TÉCNICA PARA O COMÉRCIO DE OGM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardoso,   Cleide Helena Santos; Almada,   Susan Lasmar; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109651

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48517

Will Baltic Agriculture Survive After EU Accession?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus; Hartmann,   Monika.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50842

Eude sur : identification des besoins d’information des operateurs économiques pour le développement des échanges en Afrique de l’ouest. rapport de synthèse
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. West Africa synthesis report.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; West Africa; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57267

United States Agriculture in an International Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayer,   Leo V.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59884

Agriculture and The Challenge to Reduce Poverty in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazaro,   Evelyne A.; Makindara,   Jeremia R.
The three East African (EA) countries Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda have a population of about 95 million people and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 34.2 billion. In recent years efforts has been made among the three East African countries, towards forging economic and regional co-operation by establishing the East African Community (EAC). The premise for economic and regional co-operation has been underpinned for the need for a common market and boost regional trade. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to achieve one of the international development objectives of increasing growth to 7% a year that is required to reduce income poverty. One of the challenges that East African countries need to tackle in the face of globalisation is the ability to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52104

The Implications of Trade Liberalization for Federal Milk Marketing Orders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   Phillip M.; Novakovic,   Andrew M.
The Uruguay Round Agreements Act (1995) directed the USDA to study the potential implications of the new General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for Federal Milk Marketing Orders. This research was conducted to comply with that requirement. The analysis described in this publication incorporates revisions to the model used in the original analysis, reflecting extensions and updates developed in conjunction with another study (ct. Pratt et al., "A Description of the Methods and Data Employed in the U.S. Dairy Sector Simulator, Version 97.3," R.B. 97-09, Department of Agricultural, Resource, and Managerial Economics, Cornell University, 1997). Of primary relevance here are changes in transportation costs which result in broader implications for North American...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122703

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Modeling the Linkages Using a Partial Equilibrium Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saunders,   Caroline M.; Wreford,   Anita.
Global attempts to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may impact on agricultural trade and producer returns, particularly in countries such as New Zealand, where a relatively large proportion of GHG emissions originate from the agricultural sector. This study uses an extended partial equilibrium agricultural trade model to analyze the effects of trade policy liberalization on agricultural production and trade, as well as on GHG emissions. Further analysis combines trade liberalization with GHG mitigation policy in the New Zealand and European dairy sectors, and the effects on producer returns and GHG emissions are predicted. As expected, full trade liberalization in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries enhances...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium trade model; Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10190

SCALE ECONOMIES AND IMPERFECT COMPETITION IN THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Francois,   Joseph F.
The universe of existing CGE models can be divided into 3 broad categories. The first class of models (of which the standard GTAP model is a classic example) emphasizes the static effects of policy related to general equilibrium resource reallocation. The second involves scale economics and imperfect competition and the third involves dynamic accumulation effects. Development of the second class of models has followed a long period during which many of the basic tenants of modern industrial organization theory were integrated into the core of mainstream trade theory. The resulting class of applied models emphasizes procompetitive effects. This paper presents techniques for the incorporation of several stylized representations of scale economies and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28718

Agricultural Trade Reform Under the Doha Agenda: Ready for Takeoff?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   William J.; Anderson,   Kym.
A successful agreement on agriculture is critical for an overall agreement under the Doha negotiations. But before the final agreement is known, some critical decisions must be made about issues such as resumption of the negotiations, and the key tradeoffs to be made following resumption. We consider four of the most controversial areas of the agricultural negotiations: the relative importance of domestic support, market access and export subsidies; the sensitive-product exceptions sought for all countries; the additional special product exceptions sought for developing countries; and the proposed special safeguard mechanism. We show that the decisions made on reform in these areas will have a critical influence on whether the negotiations achieve their...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9467

A Preliminary Study of the International Marketing of Shrimp
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castellini,   Alessandra; Ragazzoni,   Alessandro; Valentini,   T.
This paper aims to supply a comprehensive account of a particular sector of the fisheries industry.  TH increase of demand for fish products has involved an uncontrolled exploitation of marine reserves and fishing has reached its threshold of biological sustainability.  For these reasons, aquaculture has grown in a corresponding manner in the recent past.  The present survey starts from these considerations and aims to describe the general situation of world-wide, European and Italian aquaculture and then to examine the farming and marketing of a particular kind of product, Penaeus spp., which significantly affects global production in terms of value but not of quantity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture and Fishery; Shrimp farming; International trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q13; Q17; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56077

The Export Enhancement Program: Prospects Under the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
According to provisions of the 1990 U.S. farm bill, the export enhancement program (EEP) will continue to be an important instrument in promoting U.S. agricultural exports and in challenging subsidizing competitors, like the European Community (EC), with funding levels set at a minimum of $500 million annually through 1995. This research, whose purpose is to evaluate the likely effectiveness of the wheat EEP through 1995, reaches several conclusions: (1) the EEP will have a significant effect on U.S. wheat exports, but will be subject to diminishing returns at levels higher than the annual minimums; and (2) the EC will only be marginally affected by the EEP, that is, it can effectively counter the effects of the EEP at low cost.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export subsidies; Export enhancement program; Agricultural trade; Simulation model; Wheat; Coarse grains; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51142

TRADE PREFERENCES AND THE WINDWARD ISLAND BANANA INDUSTRY: RENT DISTRIBUTION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR  TRADE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flambert,   Anouk M.; Emerson,   Robert D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Windward Island Banana Industry; Trade Preference; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45782

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERCEPTIONS OF FRESH PRODUCE FROM LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN INTO THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Narrod,   Clare A.; Malcolm,   Scott A.; Kost,   William E.
This paper develops a method to examine data on fresh produce imports from Latin America and the Caribbean into the United States from 1993-1999 to determine:  1) if there are significant differences in frequency of interceptions for a specific product for the region or a specific country within the region, and 2) whether significant changes in trade flows for specific products have occurred between points of origin and ports of entry.  The results show that there are indeed differences between countries with respect to interception frequency, however current data on the fumigation frequency for a commodity/country or commodity/port of entry is not sufficient to determine the causes that underlie differences in frequencies between countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21789

Ad Valorem Equivalent in the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babili,   Mahmoud.
How can Syria benefit from converting specific tariffs into AVEs?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ad valorem; WTO; Multilateral negotiations; Syria; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48586

FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Dong,   Fengxia; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.; Hart,   Chad E.; Kovarik,   Karen; Tokgoz,   Simla; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Womack,   Abner W.; Meyers,   William H.; Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Brown,   D. Scott; Kruse,   John R.; Madison,   Daniel; Meyer,   Seth D.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Wilcox,   Lori.
The FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. Despite continued high energy prices, world economic growth is expected to remain strong in the coming decade, above 3% per annum. Other major drivers of the 2006 baseline include new bio-energy policies in several large countries, EU sugar policy reform, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) shocks in livestock and poultry markets, and movements in the exchange rate.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7319

MARKET ASSESSMENT MODELS FOR U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvacruz,   Joseph C.; Reed,   Michael R.; Mather,   David.
The growth rate of the United States' agricultural exports to its trading partners was predicted using some measures of each country's past macroeconomic conditions. The model which applies a five-year lag basis predicted better than that which utilizes a ten-year lag. Results show that the significant determinants of the growth rate of U.S. agricultural exports include the importing countries' GDP growth rate, agricultural self-sufficiency, population density, and distance from the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27194

Optimum Level and Welfare Effects of Export Taxes for Cocoa Beans in Indonesia: A Partial Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Permani,   Risti; Vanzetti,   David; Setyoko,   Nur Rakhman.
Aiming to support downstream processing, the Indonesian government announced an export tax in May 2010. Using a partial equilibrium approach, this paper therefore attempts to analyse: (i) whether the Indonesian government has imposed optimal taxes on cocoa beans; (ii) the impacts of cocoa export taxes on domestic welfare. In particular, it attempts to develop a two-stage partial equilibrium welfare analysis in which effects of policy for upstream sectors may affect downstream sectors. The study also presents thorough econometric estimates of import demand, export supply, Armington and cross elasticities using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to deal with cointegration and simultaneity issues. A literature search suggests that existing studies not...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cocoa; Indonesia; Export taxes; Partial equilibrium analysis; Welfare effects; Vector error correcting method.; International Relations/Trade; F17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100695

Market and Welfare Effects of Trade Disruptions from Unapproved Biotech Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magnier,   Alexandre; Konduru,   Srinivasa; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been largely adopted in major exporting countries thereby representing a dominant share of a few key agricultural commodities that are traded in international markets. Regulatory reviews and approvals for the cultivation and marketing of GM crops, however, are country-specific and significant discrepancies in the amount of time required to review and approve new GM crops between importing and exporting countries has led to “asynchronous approvals”. Trade disruptions created by asynchronous approvals of GM crops are expected and can quickly deteriorate into effective trade bans because perfect segregation between approved and unapproved GM crops is difficult. The issues we examine in this paper are the potential market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49592

STRUKTUR UND POTENTIALE DES AGRARAUSSENHANDELS MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fock,   Achim; Ledebur,   Oliver von.
This paper analyzes agricultural trade developments in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) since the beginning of the transformation process, and estimates CEEC agricultural trade potentials. The competitiveness of the agricultural sector as a whole is quantified using revealed comparative advantage indices. These indicate a comparative advantage for the CEEC in the agricultural sector. This strength is likely to accelerate CEEC agricultural trade growth which started in 1993. Such a development could yield in high political pressure since some of the countries of the first EU accession round like Hungary or the Czech Republic show a high complementarity in their agricultural trade with EU. Some basic factors such as income, population and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14914

Analysis of Italian High Quality Wine Exports using the Gravity Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Blasi,   Giuseppe; Seccia,   Antonio; Carlucci,   Domenico; Santeramo,   Fabio G.
Italian wine firms are facing a significant reduction in wine consumption and increasing competition in international markets. In fact, markets are becoming increasingly liberalized and producers of non-EU countries adopt even more aggressive strategies to increase their competitiveness. Nevertheless, demand for high quality wine which includes a large number of Italian wines, is increasing. The aim of this work is to explain the magnitude of the trade flows for high quality wine from Italy to its main importing countries. This objective has been reached by establishing an appropriate econometric model derived from an extended form of the “Gravity Model”. This model has been broadly applied to the analysis of international trade because it provides robust...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gravity Model; High Quality Wine; Export Analysis; Italian Wine; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7901

A dynamic model of oligopoly in the coffee export market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
A linear-quadratic, dynamic feedback oligopoly model that nests various market structures is used to estimate the degree of competitiveness and the adjustment paths of the two largest coffee exporters, Brazil and Colombia. Their estimated behavior is relatively competitive. This subgame perfect dynamic model is-compared to a standard static oligopoly model and the open-loop model (the dynamic generalization of the standard static model). Both classical and Bayesian tests of open-loop and feedback dynamic models are reported.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Dynamic oligopoly; Econometric; Subgame perfect Nash; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6093

AFTER THE FIRST FIVE YEARS: THE DIVERSITY OF EFFECTS OF EU MEMBERSHIP ON AGRICULTURE IN NEW MEMBER STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csaki,   Csaba; Jambor,   Attila.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121104

EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER STRUCTURAL CHANGE: A CO-INTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khalafalla,   Khalid Yousif; Webb,   Alan J.
A number of studies have tried to establish a causal link between export expansion and economic growth. Empirical studies of the relationship have pursued two different approaches-one set has used inter-country statistical comparisons and the second set has focused on the economic performance of individual countries. Our contribution to the work is to recognize that structural changes will, over time, change the sources of growth and this will affect the export-growth relationship. We use country case study approach focusing on Malaysia, a country with one of the world's highest sustained growth rates over the past 3 decades.  Malaysia has also had a long history of commodity trade but has been successful, in the last 2 decades in diversifying and shifting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14595

Environmental Labeling, Protected Geographical Indications and the Interests of Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grote,   Ulrike.
Among developing countries, one can identify both proponents and opponents of extending the use of geographical indications (GIs) beyond wines and spirits. Such an extension is currently being discussed under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) of the World Trade Organization. While labeling is mostly based on private initiatives, GIs are considered to be long-term public rights. Proponents therefore regard GIs as the stronger tools for protecting their national property rights and offering them new opportunities to develop their export markets. Opponents, however, consider GIs to be new barriers to trade that impede their export opportunities. This article clarifies these positions and pulls together some...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Geographical indications; Labeling; WTO; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48795

Georeferenced Assessment of Trade Liberalization Effects on Agriculture in Ecuador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Schuschny,   Andres; de Miguel,   Carlos; Duran Lima,   Jose E.
As the use of global and national computable general equilibrium (CGE) models has become more widespread, most policies still remain at the regional or sub-national level. This level of disparity requires an approach that bridges the gap between national results and sub-national policies. This study provides a methodology that combines micro-level information and the results of a CGE model with geographical information to spatially map the effects of trade liberalization on the agricultural sector. This methodology enables to distribute changes in value of production for each production unit according to the importance of a specific crop in the political administrative unit. These results show the geographic effects of the FTA on Ecuador's agriculture, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Trade liberalization; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; C15; R12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50556

Internationalisierung der Dienstleistungserstellung: Konsequenzen fur den schweizerischen Arbeitsmarkt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henneberger,   Fred; Ziegler,   Alexandre.
This paper analyses the potential employment effects of foreign direct investment in the Swiss services industry. First, the theoretical analysis considers the consequences on domestic employment resulting from the specific characteristics of services compared with those of industrial goods. It is demonstrated that conventional research in this field systematically ignores important factors which influence domestic employment. We point out that, not only the degree of tradability of services, but also the mobility of consumers and producers, as well as the motives underlying the decisions for foreign investment have a crucial influence on the consequences to be expected for the domestic labour market. Second, an initial attempt was undertaken to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Employment effects; Services; Tourism; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F21; F23; J23; L80; L83.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26248

WHAT WE LEARNED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Pursaga,   A.J.W.; Loyns,   R.M.A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16958

Transitioning into a Common Sweetener Market with Mexico (Paper and PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farmer,   Paul.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8065

A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE RICE MARKET TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taniguchi,   Kiyoshi.
The main interest of this study is to simulate the domestic rice market under full trade liberalization.  Results show that full trade liberalization is welfare enhancing for non-farm as well as farm households, primarily through lower consumer prices.  These simulation results apparently undermine the government’'s argument against trade liberalization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20660

Managing an Industry in Crisis: BSE in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlberg,   Jared G.; Brewin,   Derek G.
A BSE discovery in a downer cow in May 2003 in Alberta caused the closure of all international markets to live cattle exports. The Canadian cattle industry has lost $5.5 billion as a result. This paper describes the BSE threat, the border closures, and policy responses &amp; their efficacy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35529

Reactions to Globalization and Integration in the Czech Agro-Food Complex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudeckova,   Helena; Lost'ak,   Michal.
The paper addressees the issues of integration and globalization in the Czech agro-food chain. It describes the situation before 1989 when partial processes of integration took place under strong influence of the state. The relatively closed communist system disabled the globalization as understood by Western sociologists. The paper also examines how the different types of agrofood chain formed under the communist state encounter the integration and globalization known in a market economy after 1989. The character of this connection, and latent conflicts concerning the struggle to influence and to control agro-food chain are documented. Newly emerging types of relations between farmers and food processors with indications as to some factors influencing the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62043

Giving Chance to Indigenous Knowledge In Developing Sustainable Nutrition Improvement Interventions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kondwani,   Charles Nanchukwa.
A study was conducted in Nsanje district in Malawi to find out the potential of locally available resources in coming up with sustainable nutrition interventions. 60% of malnourished children had their nutrition states improved within twelve days of feeding on locally available foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52213

Rice imports in West Africa: trade regime and food policy formulation.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lancon,   Frederic; Benz,   Helene David.
West African agriculture rice production represents only 50% of consumers' needs in the sub-region. The on-going negotiation on the Agreement on Agriculture and the establishment of a custom union within the ECOWAS offer an opportunity to reopen the discussion on the possible impact of appropriate trade regulation to stimulate the development of the domestic rice value chain. Based on the review of the outcome of recent studies and national statistics, comparing the rice sector history across different West African countries, the poster underlines that the competitiveness of domestic rice production does not depend only upon the cost efficiency of rice producer. It is adversely affected by the performance of the post-harvest operations which does not allow...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7906

Eight Years of Doha Trade Talks: Where Do We Stand?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Laborde,   David.
In 2001 the World Trade Organization launched a highly ambitious program of multilateral liberalization. Eight years later, concluding the negotiations is uncertain, though an opportunity still exists. Since 2001, many proposals on market access have been brought to the negotiating table by the European Union, the United States, and the G20. Because it is politically and economically acceptable to many parties, the final December 2008 package could be the basis of an agreement. An evaluation of these various proposals shows how trade negotiations have been following countries’ strategic interests. In eight years, the ambition of the formula in agricultural market access tariff reduction has increased, but additional flexibilities designed to accommodate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Computable general equilibrium modeling; Least developed countries; Trade negotiations; Financial Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93256

Trade liberalisation and regional integration: the search for large numbers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
We surveyed the empirical literature using multi-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to analyse potential and actual regional trade agreements (RTAs). The studies indicate that these RTAs improve welfare, that trade creation greatly exceeds trade diversion, and that they are consistent with further global liberalisation. The welfare gains are bigger when models incorporate aspects of ‘‘new trade theory’’ such as increasing returns, imperfect competition, and links between trade liberalisation, total factor productivity growth, and capital accumulation. We also conjectured that an RTA expands market size and stability, allowing firms to pursue economies of fine specialisation, generating additional ‘‘Smithian’’ efficiency gains.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118597

WHEAT BUFFER STOCKS AND TRADE IN AN EFFICIENT GLOBAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makki,   Shiva S.; Tweeten,   Luther G.; Miranda,   Mario J.
This study assesses storage and trade of wheat in an integrated global economy. Domestic and international linkages are analyzed using a dynamic rational expectations model of the world wheat market. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of endogenizing both storage and trade in studying commodity markets. Results suggest an optimal US buffer stock level of 150 million bushel. Results indicate that past government stockholdings have not followed efficient market outcomes. Private markets likely would perform better in the absence of government market distortions. Results indicate that elimination of the Export Enhancement Program by the US and of export restitution payments by the EU is unlikely to have a major impact on wheat exports from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51214

An econometric analysis of the competitive position of Australian cotton in the Japanese market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie).
Although a relatively small producer, Australia exports but about 90% of its cotton production, making it the third largest cotton exporter. This means that export performance plays a major role in determining the profitability of the Australian cotton industry. The primary aim was to determine the competitive position of Australian cotton in the Japanese market, based on the AIDS model using data from 1972 to 1998. The main findings were that the United States had a relatively strong market position and that to improve its market position, Australia should become more cost competitive and/or improve its quality image through promotion.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Almost ideal demand system; Cotton marketing; Import demand; Japan; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12940

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Transition economies; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; O21; P22; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50298

Policy Space for Mexican Maize: Protecting Agro-biodiversity by Promoting Rural Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Timothy A.
Since the introduction of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, traditional maize farmers in Mexico have faced difficult economic conditions. In barely more than a decade, as many as one million farmers may have abandoned their land under economic pressure from rising imports, low prices for maize and other traditional crops, weak local and regional demand, and large reductions in public sector support for agriculture. The losses are environmental as well as economic. With the loss of traditional maize, there has been a documented loss of the agricultural biodiversity of which these farmers and their ancestors have been stewards for centuries. With maize trade scheduled to be fully liberalized under NAFTA in 2008, many farm groups are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37278

Fruit and Vegetables, and the Role They Have Played in Determining the EU’s Aggregate Measurement of Support
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinbank,   Alan.
In its periodic declarations of domestic support to the WTO, the EU has progressively reduced its amber-box declarations in line with its changing system of farm support. Surprisingly, however, in 2007/08 it managed to more than halve its amber box compared with that of the previous year, easily achieving the reduction targets being touted in the Doha Round. This was largely due to a change in the calculations for fresh fruits and vegetables. These had been linked to the entry price system, which was not affected by the 2008 fruit and vegetables reform. Why the EU chose to make this change during the ongoing Doha Round negotiations remains unclear.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Amber box; CAP; Fruit; Vegetables; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117819

The U.S. Import of Beef: Substitute or Complement for Domestic Beef Production?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhoubhadel,   Sunil P.; Stockton,   Matthew C.
U.S. beef producers have always been concerned that beef imports may depress prices. Consumer groups have held the opposite view. This research addresses this issue by assessing the impact of beef imports on wholesale domestic beef prices. This is done by estimating the flexibilities between domestic beef, choice and select grades, and imported beef at the wholesale level. No statistical evidence is found to support either producer or consumer view. This may be resultant of small import volumes of beef. Beef exports, however, have a statistically measurable effect on domestic beef prices, especially the select grade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef imports; Flexibilities; Inverse demand; Substitutes; Wholesale beef prices; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56509

The Role of State Trading Enterprises and Their Impact on Agricultural Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vlontzos,   George N.
The role of state trading enterprises (STEs) is significant for international trade, especially since the Uruguay Round. They account for large shares of world trade in certain products: about 40 percent for wheat and 30 percent for dairy products (WTO, 2000). This article examines the influence of STEs on the development of the agricultural sector in developing countries. During both the Uruguay Round and Doha Round negotiations, there have been serious complaints from developing countries that the operation of STEs is trade distorting and creates serious obstacles to agricultural development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46381

International competitiveness of Turkish agriculture: A case for horticultural products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yercan,   Murat; Isikli,   Emin.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10110

PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR GRAIN IMPORTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Wagner,   Robert.
The presence of multiple sources of uncertainty complicates hedging decisions.  One of these is the output price and its correlation with input prices.  The other is how far forward a firm covers its positions.  This study analyzes hedging strategies for grain importers as processors.  The analytical model addresses questions of the hedge horizon and accounts for the correlation between input and output prices and exchange rate risk.  A theoretical model was developed explicitly modeling the operations of a grain importing firm.  The concept of strategic demand for hedging was developed in the context of an analytical model, representing the adjustment in hedge ratios in relation to the hedge horizon and input-output price correlations.  Results indicated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price risk uncertainty; Hedging; Grain; Importers; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23665

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Designing Acceptable Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Harvey,   David R.; Barkley,   Paul W.; Offutt,   Susan E.; Blandford,   David; Sutton,   John; de Gorter,   Harry; Webb,   Alan J.; Gardner,   Bruce L.; Webb,   Shu-Eng.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49871

AJAE Appendix: Is Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Pork Meat Export Prices Constrained by the Supply of Live Hogs?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Khraief,   Naceur.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 89, Number 4, November 2007.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7102

Pricing-to-market in NSW rice export markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffith,   Garry R.; Mullen,   John D.
The Ricegrowers’ Cooperative Limited is a single‐desk seller of NSW Japonica rice on the export market. Confidential monthly price data supplied by the Cooperative were used to examine ‘pricing‐to‐market’ in four of its major export markets. The hypothesis of a competitive market was rejected. The Cooperative has been able to vary mark‐ups over different markets and with respect to the importer’s currency in each market. The exchange rate results in particular suggest that the Cooperative has been able to exercise market power to obtain price premiums.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117470

A Demand System Analysis of the U.S. Trout Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Hilbun,   Brian M.
The objective of this study is to analyze how imported trout affects the domestic U.S. trout industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trout; Demand System; Import; International Relations/Trade; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56414

Achieving Environmental Objectives Under Reduced Domestic Agricultural Support and Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Application to Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Boisvert,   Richard N.; Blandford,   David.
We focus on rice policy reform required for Taiwan's admission to the WTO, and examine the effects, theoretically and empirically, of the re-instrumentation of domestic policy needed to achieve environmental objectives when both positive and negative environmental externalities exist. Policies that treat non-commodity attributes in agriculture as secondary to existing aims, such as income support, are unlikely to result in the desired supplies of environmental goods. Those supplies can be achieved at lower government and social costs using policy instruments to achieve environmental goals directly. Results are relatively insensitive to the social values assigned to environmental goods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WTO policy reform; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; Rice policy; Agricultural trade policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10201

WESTERN ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS SURVEY: MARCH, 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brisbois,   Jason; Emter,   Nicholas A.; Frost,   Jean; Gibbins,   Dan; Marcil,   Jacques.
The online Western Economic Expectations survey solicits views on the future economic performance of the western provinces and the country from over 2,000 economists and financial analysts who are closest to the working details of the Western Canadian economy. The survey covers people who use economics in their work, in universities and colleges, industry associations, economic development agencies, the private sector and the public service across Western Canada. The survey is conducted through a partnership between Alberta’s two premier economic and policy research centres, the Canada West Foundation in Calgary and the Western Centre for Economic Research at the University of Alberta’s School of Business in Edmonton, It is the only survey that solicits...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Western Economy; Economic expectations; Economists; Survey; Expectations; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60405

AN OVERVIEW OF SOME SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIABILITY IN WORLD TRADE IN GRAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14084

Quantifying the impact of phytosanitary standards with specific reference to MRLs on the trade flow of South African avocados to the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheepers,   S.; Jooste,   Andre; Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta.
In this study a gravity model was used to investigate the impact of country specific MRLs that are more stringent than the MRLs set by CODEX on avocado exports by South Africa to the EU with specific reference to Prochloraz. The results revealed that the more stringent Prochloraz MRLs indeed have an impact on avocado exports to the EU. The simulation results show that the revenue foregone due to the more stringent Prochloraz MRLs is US$15.27 million. In relative terms this is significant, and should the Prochloraz MRLs be relaxed to the CODEX levels the contribution of the avocado industry to the gross domestic value of agricultural products would increase significantly. Furthermore, several studies have revealed the potentially negative impacts of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Impact of Phytosanitary Standards; Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs); Codex Standards; Trade Flows; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10125

IMPACT OF THE WTO LIBERALISATION ON ORGANIC FARMING IN SWITZERLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanders,   Jurn; Lampkin,   Nicolas; Stolze,   Matthias.
This paper outlines the potential impact of current WTO trade talks on land use, livestock husbandry and financial performance of organic and nonorganic farms in Switzerland. The results of the analysis conducted suggest that organic farms would respond to a potential WTO trade agreement in a similar way than nonorganic farms. Due to falling commodity prices, it is expected that revenues from agricultural production will decrease and cause a significant reduction in agricultural incomes. The results indicate that, on average, organic farms are less severely affected by the WTO liberalisation than nonorganic farms. Accordingly, the relative profitability of organic farms is likely to improve with increased liberalisation.  Keywords:  This paper outlines the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: WTO liberalisation; Organic farming; Policy impact assessment; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6481

THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE BEEF IMPORT QUOTA REGIMES ON THE BEEF INDUSTRIES OF THE AGGREGATE UNITED STATES AND HAWAII
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; Martin,   William J.
The effects of the 1964 and 1979 beef import laws on the beef industries of the aggregate United States and Hawaii are simulated for 1972-81 by linking Hawaii and national econometric models.  Although impacts are slight for both models, Hawaii beef prices and production appear to be less affected by changes in beef import rules.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32316

A Comparative Study of EU and US Trade Policies for Developing Countries: The Case of Agri-Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Rubbo,   P.; Canali,   Gabriele.
Trade relations between developed and developing countries are one of the hot topics of the ongoing World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. The conclusion of the Cotonou Agreement between EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries, the introduction of the EU’s Everything But Arms initiative for the least developed countries and the United States’ African Growth and Opportunity Act for 39 African Countries, represents tangible incentives for many developing countries to continue their efforts to open their economies and build free markets. This paper analyzes the trade creating effects of EU and US trade policies as total effect, for agri-food products of developing countries in a gravity model framework. Data refer to a 10 year period: 1996-2005....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gross Trade Creation; Agricultural Trade Policy; Developed and Developing Countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43961

The Economics of Exporting North Dakota Beef to Pacific Rim Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stearns,   Larry D.; Petry,   Timothy A.; Marchello,   Martin J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23457

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND TRADE COMPETITIVENESS IN HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre.
The complementarities of trade advantage and trade competitiveness measures for Hungarian agro-food trade with the European Union are analyzed. The stability and duration of the trade measures over time is investigated by the survival analysis using the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator and the consistency test between the trade measures is conducted by the stratified Cox proportional hazard model. Hungary experienced greater number of products with relative trade disadvantages and greater significance of one-way imports. Hungary experienced relative trade advantages for bulk raw commodities, processed intermediates, and horticulture, with the greatest significance of successful quality competition and one-way exports, and the lowest...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Analyses of trade measure methods; Relative disadvantages; Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator; Cox proportional hazard model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43326

Unobserved Firm Heterogeneity and the Size - Exports Nexus: Evidence from German Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
This paper starts from the stylized fact that firm size and exporting tends to be positively related. Using large sets of establishment panel data for three different industries from official statistics evidence is presented that the familiar picture of an export/sales ratio that ceteris paribus increases (at a decreasing rate) with firm size vanishes if unobserved firm heterogeneity is controlled for in a fixed effects fractional logit regression model. This finding is well in line with the fact that many small firms are "hidden export champions". Das Papier geht von dem stilisierten Faktum aus, dass Unternehmensgröße und Exportorientierung positiv miteinander zusammenhängen. Auf der Grundlage eines umfangreichen Betriebsdatensatzes der amtlichen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Firm size; Establishment panel data; Fractional logit regression; International Relations/Trade; F10; D21; L60.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26250

RICE TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND POVERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Ashok; Narayanan,   Sudha.
Rice is the lifeline of almost 70% of the world's poor residing in Asia, where more than 90% of world rice production and consumption takes place. Rice trade liberalization therefore has tremendous implications for poverty. The world rice market is highly distorted, partly because of the high degree of intervention in rice markets across the world. While poor countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, and India tend to "disprotect" rice sectors, the rich countries of East Asia (Japan and Korea), Europe, and the United States heavily support their rice producers. As a result, there is great diversity in domestic rice price levels, with very high prices in the latter countries and very low prices in the former. Trade liberalization would thus result in flows from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16214

World Commodity Prices 1999-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthies,   Klaus; Timm,   Hans-Joachim.
The decline of most world commodity prices came to an end in recent months. The aggregate dollar price level was 15 per cent lower in the first quarter of 1999 compared to a year previously, and since autumn 1997 it even decreased by about 30 per cent. Oil prices fell particularly sharply, but quotations began to pick up strongly in March in anticipation of further production cuts. The price index for non-energy commodities, on the other hand, decreased only slightly since last October, although prices for food items - oilseeds, sugar and tropical beverages - sank again markedly this year. The decline in industrial commodity prices largely came to a standstill in the final months of last year, but there has as yet been no recovery. This is primarily due to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26117

Staple food prices in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ariga,   Joshua; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Njukia,   Stephen.
Prepared for the COMESA policy seminar on “Variation in staple food prices: Causes, consequence, and policy options”, Maputo, Mozambique, 25-26 January 2010 under the Comesa-MSU-IFPRI African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Food security; Food prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58559

Impact of the EU Sugar Policy Reform and the WTO-DDA on the U.S. Sugar Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andino,   Jose; Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
The EU reforms will increase the Caribbean sugar price, but will not affect the U.S. sugar industry.  If liberalization occurs based on the WTO-DDA, U.S. wholesale sugar price will decrease from 24.89 to 23.79 cents per pound.  It is also expected the Caribbean price to increase from 8.7 to 12.1 cents per pound. Key Words: Sugar, Liberalization, EU Reform, Doha Development Agenda
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Liberalization; EU Reform; Doha Development Agenda; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19334

Why industrial policies fail: limited commitment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
The strategic effects of subsidies on output and subsidies on investment differ substantially in dynamic models where a government's commitment ability is limited. Output subsidies remain effective even as the period of commitment vanishes, but investment subsidies may become completely ineffective. This difference has been obscured because most existing models of strategic trade policy are static.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumers; Economics; Equilibrium; Export subsidies; Investments; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47044

Multifunctionality: Concepts and Applications to the WTO Negotiations on Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.; Prestegard,   Sjur Spildo; Nersten,   Nils Kristian.
The ongoing negotiations in the WTO will most certainly lead to a further liberalization of the global agricultural trade. Related to this, many national governments, including Norway, Switzerland and Japan have placed substantial emphasis on the so-called non-trade concerns. In addition to the production of food and fiber, agriculture also provides or may provide national food security, environmental benefits, and viable rural areas. The term "Multifunctional Agriculture" has been applied to describe these additional functions. In this paper, we will show how the economic concepts of "positive and negative externalities" and "public goods" can be used to analyse non-trade concerns and multifunctionality, especially with reference to agriculture's impact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-trade concerns; Multifunctionality; Externalities; Public goods; Cultural landscape; Optimum subsidy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24970

The Initial Impact of WTO Membership on China's Trade Performance in Primary Agricultural And Processed Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Liu; Revell,   Brian J.; Zetian,   Fu.
There has been much analysis of the potential impact of China's membership of the WTO on world trade in agricultural products but few studies of the actual effects thus far on China's trade performance. This paper compares changes in the competitiveness of China's trade in primary agricultural food and processed food products over the period 1998 to 2003 through a range of comparative advantage measures, the preferred being Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage. It also decomposes changes in China's export market share of these products over the period into structural and performance components and identifies where shifts in the global regional distribution of its exports have contributed to changes in its overall market share.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Agricultural; Processed foods; Exports; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25595

Made in China: Is it Over for the U.S. Textile Industry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guo,   Siyi; Hadjigeorgalis,   Ereney; Lillywhite,   Jay M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93614

The International Quality Systems Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krieger,   Stephanie; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
Enterprises in the agri-food sector are increasingly confronted with the need to adjust their production processes and operations to the requirements of quality systems and to integrate these requirements into their own individual integrated process management system. Integra- tion efforts are further aggravated by correlations of quality system requirements with other process related requirements. First initiatives have started to benchmark the requirements of different quality systems to have an analyse about the level of the same requirements. Output of this article will be a description of an advisory model (database model with computerized support), which presents a support tool for the implementation of quality, environ- mental and occupational...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Quality standards; Benchmark; Harmonisation; Advisory model; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6616

Smallholder marketed surplus and input use under transactions costs: maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arega,   D.A.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Omanya,   G.; Mignouna,   H.D.; Bokanga,   M.; Odhiambo,   George D.
This paper assessed the effects of transactions costs—relative to price and non-price factors—on smallholder marketed surplus and input use in Kenya. A selectivity model was used that accounts not only for the effects of fixed and variable transactions costs but also for the role of assets, technology, and support services in promoting input use and generating a marketable surplus. Output supply and input demand responses to changes in transactions costs and price and non-price factors were estimated and decomposed into market entry and intensity. The results showed that while transactions costs indeed have significant negative effects on market participation, cost-mitigating innovations—such as group marketing—are also emerging to mitigate the costs of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Marketed surplus; Fertilizer use; Transactions cost; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52074

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agricultural Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew; Roe,   Terry L.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
While it is generally accepted that change in the real value of the dollar is an important determinant of exports, it has not been rigorously demonstrated that this relationship, derivable from theory, holds empirically for agricultural exports and the components of agricultural exports. Starting with a dynamic maximizing framework, this paper estimates the real trade-weighted exchange rate and trade partner income effects on U.S. agricultural exports. For the period 1970–2006, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 0.75 percent, while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.5...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45666

U.S. Dairy Trade Situation and Outlook, 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper explores the value of U.S. dairy exports and imports in 2006. It also looks at the influence the ongoing negotiations under the Doha Round of the WTO will have on trade in the long-run and the prospects for reaching a world trade agreement prior to expiration of U.S. "fast track" authority.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. Diary Trade; Doha Round Negotiations; WTO Agreement; Fast-track Authority; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37483

FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING WORLD GRAIN TRADE IN THE NEXT TWO DECADES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Replaced with corrected version of paper 04/04/08.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23516

From Kyoto to Copenhagen: Meeting the Climate Change Challenge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
In spite of some superficial success in achieving its overall global target, there has been much disillusionment with the progress on climate change since the Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in 1997. The key problems in addressing GHG emissions under the Kyoto Protocol have been the incomplete coverage across countries and lack of credibility. While significantly more onerous reduction commitments should be expected and required of developed countries in the name of economic fairness, GHG emissions must also be capped effectively in developing countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Copenhagen Accord; Greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90592

THE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT AND THE LATENT AGRICULTURAL EXPORT RESPONSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouve,   Kofi; Staatz,   John M.
The African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) provides preferential access to Africa's products in US markets. While proponents expect that AGOA will expand Africa's exports to the US, opponents argue that such increases are unlikely, particularly regarding agricultural exports. This paper offers new empirical evidence that is inconclusive regarding the impact of AGOA on African exports to the US.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21917

Eco-Labels and International Trade in Textiles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
This paper provides a formal analysis of the welfare and trade implications of eco-labeling schemes. A simple model of vertical (quality) differentiation captures major stylized features of the textiles market in which trading takes place between an industrialized North (domestic) and a developing South (foreign). The paper investigates several labeling scenarios (labeling by North, labeling by both North and South, and harmonization). A labeling scheme in the North without the South's participation is detrimental to both the North's and the South's producers of conventional textiles. In aggregate, the North's textiles industry benefits from the introduction of the label. If the South creates its own label, it regains market share in aggregate, but at the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Textiles markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18492

Valuing Quality Attributes and Country Equity in the Korean Beef Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chung,   Chanjin; Han,   Sungill; Boyer,   Tracy A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9751

CO-OPERATING TO COMPETE IN HIGH VELOCITY GLOBAL MARKETS: THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF FLEXIBLE SUPPLY CHAIN ARCHITECTURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gow,   Hamish R.; Oliver,   Lance D.; Gow,   Neil G.
Continued value creation is paramount for the survival of firms competing in today's high velocity global business environment. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding how firms can create and capture value within a highly volatile and uncertain business environment by exploiting both performance gaps and opportunity gaps through the development and use of flexible supply chain architectures. The choice of flexible organizational architecture allows for the continued reconfiguration of the independent modular components of the supply chain so as to achieve optimal leverage of both the firms core competencies as well as their collaborative partners complementary resources. The case of “Cellars of Canterbury”, a New Zealand based...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16611

U.S. Agricultural Exports: Projected Changes under FAIR and Potential  Unanticipated Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ray,   Daryll E.; Tiller,   Kelly.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35811

Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.; Garcia,   Andres F.
This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50301

Toward a Consumer Economy in China: Implications of Changing Wage Policies for U.S. Cotton Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   Stephen; Pan,   Suwen; Hudson,   Darren; Tuan,   Francis C.
The effect of a Chinese minimum wage increase on China’s textile market as well as on the world cotton market is evaluated. Based on a Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS) model of China’s textile demand, the results suggest that the income elasticity for textiles is around 0.6 in China, and that apparel is less price responsive than home textiles and other textile products.  Simulation results suggest that a minimum wage increase would raise Chinese domestic textile consumption and lower Chinese textile exports. Most of the decline in textile exports by China is offset by expansion in other countries’ domestic textile production and results in a slight increase in world cotton mill utilization and higher clothing prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonlinear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (NQAIDS); Cotton; Clothing; China; Trade; Industrial policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; R34; R21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103615

PROTECTION STRATEGIES FOR AUSTRALIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Geoff W.
The Industries Assistance Commission and the Green Paper on Rural Policy support different protection strategies. Both strategies allow the achievement of a pattern of protection consistent with Pareto-efficiency. The Green Paper on Manufacturing proposed an approach to tariffs that would perpetuate inefficient resource allocation. The argument of the lAC and the Green Papers on protection policy is examined. A programme of across the board reductions in protection leading to free trade, modified for terms of trade effects, is suggested. It is also argued that initial increases in assistance for low cost industries are not inconsistent with such a programme.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22261

A Stated Preference Analysis of International Commodity Marketing: South Korean Hotel Meat Buyers' Perceptions of Canadian Beef, US Beef and Australian Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Quagrainie,   Kwamena K.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Kim,   Renee B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24081

Did the Fischler reform increase market integration between the EU and world commodity markets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mela,   Giulio.
This work assesses the extent to which h the Fischler reform of the CAP increased the elasticity of price transmission (EPT) between the world and the European agricultural commodity markets. Commodities considered are soft and durum wheat, corn, feed barley, and butter. Results show that the reform increased ETP for all commodities even though with different magnitude. Before reform implementation (January 2007), the ETP was almost zero (meaning market isolation) for soft wheat, feed barley, and butter, while it was relatively low (0.4) for corn and durum. After January 2007, the EPT increased to almost unity (perfect transmission) for soft wheat and barley, to 0.9 and 0.8 for durum and corn, and to 0.5 for butter, which had historically been amongst the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price transmission elasticity; Fischler reform; Structural breaks; Agricultural commmodity prices; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q18; Q13; C22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124107

Multilateral trade liberalisation and Preference erosion: Effects on the agricultural sector of the EU's Mediterranean Partner Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kavallari,   Aikaterini; Schmitz,   P. Michael.
This paper analyses preference erosion effects on the agricultural sector of the EU’s ten Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs). The modelling exercise is carried out with the partial equilibrium multi-commodity multi-region world trade model AGRISIM. The effects vary between the markets and depend mainly on the initial level of trade protection. Supposing that level of preferences granted to the MPCs by the EU remains as of 2001 then the effects are particularly distinguishable for high protected markets like beef in Turkey, milk and rice in Morocco and olive oil in all MPCs. Supposing that the free trade area with the EU is accomplished, then the impacts are evident mainly on beef, milk and sugar markets, where the prices among the preferential partners...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Preference erosion; Mediterranean Partner Countries; AGRISIM; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44177

Do Sensitive Products Undermine Ambition?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanzetti,   David; Peters,   Ralf.
The long-running WTO negotiations remain unresolved. Agriculture is the main stumbling block. Members have agreed to linear tariff reductions within bands, but proposed exemptions for sensitive products, while providing for much needed flexibility, threaten to undermine the ambition. A detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model is used to analyse the likely impact of exemptions from the formula tariff reductions. Applying one third of the formula cuts to the five per cent of lines with the highest tariffs increases the final developed country average agricultural tariff from 16 to 24 per cent but the negative impacts on trade and welfare are less dramatic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6044

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE NEW AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: A NONLINEAR IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maeda,   Koushi; Suzuki,   Xohuhiro; Kaiser,   Harry M.
The objective of the research reported here is to develop a more flexible and comprehensive policy simulation model for imperfectly competitive international agricultural trade with various trade and domestic support policies. The model is a nonlinear imperfectly competitive spatial equilibrium model formulated as a MCP. The model is flexible in that it can simulate the economic effects of the following trade policies: specific duties, ad valorem tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies, production subsidies, production quotas, consumption taxes and price floor, combined with various imperfectly competitive market structures. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated with an application to international wheat trade simulated under several...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7231

Lome Convention, Agriculture and Trade Relations between the EU and the ACP Countries in 1975-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laaksonen,   Kalle; Maki-Franti,   Petri; Virolainen,   Meri.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18853

DOES EXCHANGE RATE MATTER TO AGRICULTURAL BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANAD?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Guedae; Kim,   Mina; Koo,   Won W.
This study examines the effects of the U.S.-Canada exchange rate on bilateral trade of agricultural goods between the two countries and on U.S. farm income.  Special attention is given to agricultural trade between the two countries under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA).  This study utilizes two time series models: the vector error correction model (VECM) and the vector moving average model (VMA) with quarterly time series data from 1983 to 2000.  This study found that exchange rates have a significant impact on U.S. agricultural trade with Canada and that the exchange rate between the two currencies is weakly exogenous in the U.S. agricultural sector, indicating that it is not influenced by U.S. agricultural trade with Canada and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; VECM; VMA; Exchange rate impacts; Weak exogeneity; Over-identification; Short- and long-run impulse response; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23485

Short term effects of moderate carbon prices on land use in the New Zealand emissions trading system: LURNZ-climate land use change simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Zhang,   Wei; Power,   William.
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) was introduced through the Climate Change Response Act in September 2008 and remains in force. The forestry sector has been directly affected by the NZ ETS since 1 January 2008 and stationary energy, liquid fuels and industrial emissions have been affected since 1 July 2010. When it is fully implemented in 2015 it will cover all sources and gases including agricultural emissions. Using the Land Use in Rural New Zealand model (LURNZ), we simulate rural land use changes that could be driven by the NZETS in order that we can explore their potential implications for emissions and removals (sequestration) and rural incomes and land values. This paper documents our simulation methods and presents short term (up...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96941

THE BIOSAFETY PROTOCOL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TRANSGENIC CANOLA: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT ON CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isaac,   Grant E.; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26014

The Costs and Benefits of Introducing Mandatory Hygiene Regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Kay; Johnson,   Robin.
In an idealised model the costs of capital and maintenance and the resulting flow of income benefits over a period of years enables the analyst to produce computations of present values and internal rates of return that summarise the whole investment process in a micro environment. In approaching an industry investment problem like mandatory hygiene regulations with benefits or costs to other entities involved, identifying the appropriate capital and maintenance costs and the industry and non-industry benefits is a giant task. In this paper, we report an attempt to identify the extra costs involved in the introduction of the regulations where industry recorded data is not available, and an attempt to identify industry and non-industry benefits from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HACCP/RMP; Benefit Cost Analysis; Meat; New Zealand; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31976

Export of Cucumber and Gherkin from India: Performance, Destinations, Competitiveness and Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Nalini Ranjan; Rai,   A.B.; Rai,   Mathura.
The performance, competitiveness, major destinations and determinants of cucumber and gherkin export from India have been studied. Export performance ratio has been used to estimate the competitiveness, and log linear type of demand function has been used to determine the export determinants. It has been observed that India has made tremendous progress in the export of cucumber and gherkin products during the past 15 years (1990-2005). The export has increased by about 128.5- times with an impressive annual compound growth rate of 37.46 per cent, as against only 4.38 per cent in the world market. The major export destinations for cucumber and gherkin have been identified as France, USA, Russia, Belgium and Spain. An increasing and high value of revealed...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47370

The WTO and US Agricultural Policy: Intersections and Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mercier,   Stephanie.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93395

Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124015

THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: APPRAISING FURTHER LIBERALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system, we investigate the multilateral removal of border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. We find that agricultural and trade distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. Terms-of-trade effects caused by trade barriers are much larger than those caused by domestic farm programs. World trade is also significantly impacted. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters, such as Brazil, Australia, and Argentina, emerge with expanded exports, whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Domestic farm program; Liberalization; Partial equilibrium; Trade distortion; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18611

The Doha Talks and the Bargaining Surplus in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Furtan,   William Hartley; Guzel,   A.; Karantininis,   Kostas.
The Doha Round has been slow to achieve a reduction in the level of agricultural protection. This remains the case notwithstanding the substantial economic benefits that would arise from a more liberal agricultural trading regime. We provide one explanation for this slowness using a simple bargaining model. We demonstrate that the bargaining countries received a substantial fiscal gain from reducing government expenditures in the run-up to the Uruguay Round. This fiscal pressure was sufficient to block rent seekers who wanted farm payments to continue. Since the Uruguay Round these fiscal constraints have been reduced and the same pressure to reach a bargain and control rent-seeking behaviour is not present in the Doha Round.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Rent seeking; Bargaining; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7706

Italian wines and Asian markets: opportunities and threats under new policy scenarios and competitive dynamics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corsi,   Armando Maria; Marinelli,   Nicola; Sottini,   Veronica Alampi.
The world wine market is facing a particularly difficult situation. Both the EU and New World (NW) Countries are trying to manage this critical moment by filling reciprocal gaps in order to increase their competitiveness at a global level and to strengthen their position in key strategic markets. On the EU side, one of the fundamental aspects of this changing framework is the evolution of the Common Market Organisation (CMO) for the wine sector. The first pivotal change is the fact that a parcel of land cannot host more than one designation of origin (either Geographical Indication – GI – Denominazione di Origine Controllata – DOC – or Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita – DOCG), thus completely changing the approach to vintage choices, which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58893

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Peter; Govereh,   Jones; Ndlela,   Daniel.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48516

Environmental regulation and international trade patterns for agro-industrial under a South-North Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feix,   Rodrigo Daniel; Miranda,   Silvia Helena Galvao de; Barros,   Geraldo Sant'Ana de Camargo.
This paper aims at examining the relation between the international trade and the environment, particularly focused on sensitive agribusiness sectors. It consists on an empirical test to the conflicting positions supported by economists, some following the traditional approach (trade-off or neoclassical), while others supporting the Porter’s hypothesis, which considers that impacts of the stricter environmental regulation can benefit the trade competitiveness. A Heckscher-Ohlin- Vanek model was applied to net exports as the dependent variable. The agricultural products analyzed were total agriculture, rice, maize, soybean, wheat, dairy and swine; run for 97 countries, divided as developing and developed, in a cross-section approach. This modeling allows...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulation; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44329

A Study on the International Marketing and Branding Strategies of Taiwan's Phalaenopsis Orchid Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Wu,   Chia-Hsun.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103706

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AS A VEHICLE FOR ADAPTING TO GLOBAL WARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Randhir,   Timothy O.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Meetings San Diego, CA, December 14-16, 1997 and at the First Annual Conference in Global Economic Analysis, Purdue University, June 1998.  This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies.  We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28698

DISCUSSION: INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION OF AGRICULTURAL PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPherson,   W.W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29833

WORLD AGRICULTURAL MARKETS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   T. Kelley.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29610

Trade Effects of Dairy Pricing Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vavra,   Pavel; Kuga,   Nobunori; Anton,   Jesus; Dewbre,   Joe.
Milk producers in virtually every OECD country, and in many non-OECD countries as well, benefit from government interventions. Indeed, government support and protection for milk producers is more widespread than for any of the other commodities for which the OECD calculates producer subsidy equivalents. The purpose of the analysis reported in this paper was to investigate the relative market effects of these two varieties of government intervention in milk pricing: 1) interventions through trade measures applied to dairy products and 2) discriminatory pricing arrangements. Which kind of policy creates 'dollar-for-dollar' the greater effects? This paper shows the answer to that question is - it depends. Neither economic theory by itself, nor economic theory...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25862

Audio-visual Policies and International Trade: The Case of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukherjee,   Arpita.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26056

An Overview of Mexico’s Citrus Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castro-Anzola,   Juan D.
This report looks at Mexico’s citrus industry and its relationship to the United States.  Information on Mexico’s citrus production, utilization and trade are discussed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Mexico; Citrus industry; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36832

After the negotiations: assessing the impact of free trade agreements in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Jeffrey D.; Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
"September 1999." "MERRISA, Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa"--Series t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28). Published as: Lewis, Jeffrey D.; Robinson, Sherman; Thierfelder, Karen. 2003. Free trade agreements and the SADC economies. Journal of African Economies 12(2): 156-206.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy -- Africa.; Free trade.; South Africa; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97532

The WTO, Agricultural Trade Reform and the Environment: Nitrogen and Agro-chemical Indicators for the OECD: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Strutt,   Anna.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The WTO, Agricultural Trade Reform and the Environment: Nitrogen and Agro-chemical Indicators for the OECD" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23932

Food Aid and the WTO: Can New Rules Be Effective?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Ryan T.
A new Agreement on Agriculture from the Doha Development Agenda negotiations is certain to contain binding rules on food aid shipments. Negotiating parties are concerned that food aid has been used as a form of export competition policy, and they seek the use of coercive WTO legislation to prevent the disposal of surplus agricultural commodities as food aid. Current Uruguay Round food aid guidelines are contrasted with the most recent Doha Development Agenda proposals, and the prospective effectiveness of new rules is assessed. Food aid rules will be difficult to enforce within the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding. Also, exogenous policy changes in donor countries are reducing the relevance of rules that target food aid as a means of surplus...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Development economics; Export competition; Food aid; WTO; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; O13; O19; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6313

O impacto das políticas estratégicas de comércio exterior no mercado internacional de produtos agrícolas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carvalho,   Regina Celia de; Lima,   Ricardo Chaves.
International market for some agricultural commodities can be characterized by oligopoly, in which participants behave in a non cooperative manner, provoking marketing disputes. According to this  scenario, strategic trade policies have been utilized to as an instrument of market share contents by international market members. Hence, when a country adopts some strategic trade policy, impacts of such policy are felt by other  market participants. A subsidy granted by an exporting country, for instance, may result on a raise in exports; whereas taxing production of exports may work as a deterrent to shipments to the international market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Strategic trade policy; International market; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55189

A PROVINCIAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seguin,   Robert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16743

Economic Impacts of the U.S. Honey Support Programs on the Canadian Honey Trade and Producers Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prentice,   Barry E.; Darko-Mensah,   Kwame.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51149

JAPANESE MEAT IMPORT DEMAND ESTIMATION WITH THE SOURCE DIFFERENTIATED AIDS MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Seung-Ryong; Koo,   Won W.
A source differentiated AIDS model is specified to estimate Japanese meat import demand. Block separability and product aggregation are rejected at conventional levels of significance. The model with the block substitutability restriction explains more than 95% of data variation. The empirical results indicate that the U.S. has the largest potential for beef exports to Japan. Taiwan is in a strong position in the pork market, and Thailand and China are strong in the poultry market. The U.S. competes with Canada and Taiwan in the pork market, but the competition between Taiwan and European countries is the strongest in the market. The U.S. competes with Thailand in the poultry market, where the U.S. is the most vulnerable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30760

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TRADE: PROSPECTS FOR LIBERALISATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andrews,   Neil.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14549

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walkenhorst,   Peter.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48513

An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48635

Regional Integration in Developing Countries: Some Lessons Based on Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
The main focus of this paper is the question if the success of regional integration organisation in developing countries is, in fact, dependent on factors like similarity of their economic structure, market size or lack of commitment. It is shown that there are also other more important institutional and politico-economical reasons to explain the functioning of such organisations in developing countries. Case studies of ECOWAS and SADC will be used to discuss this question. It is also very often argued that southsouth integration is inferior to north-south integration. This will be discussed considering the case of MERCOSUR as an example.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Economic development; Africa; Latin America; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; F15; O1; P16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26272

What Impact Are EU Supermarket Standards Having on Developing Countries Export  of High-Value Horticultural Products? Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asfaw,   Solomon; Mithofer,   Dagmar; Waibel,   Hermann.
European Union (EU) retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food, and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance to these standards for developing countries small-scale producers entail costly investment in variable inputs and long term structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from global market. This article therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standard and the impacts of the standard on farm financial performance. We develop a two-stage standard...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Export vegetables; Adoption; EurepGAP standard; Impact assessment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7870

Real Options and Competition: The Impact of Depreciation and Reinvestment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balmann,   Alfons; Musshoff,   Oliver.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24934

Agricultural Productivity Changes in the Caribbean: Challenges for Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hutchinson,   Sharon D.
Caribbean countries have historically relied on agriculture as a source of food and foreign exchange.  With increasing changes in global trading arrangements and partnerships, this paper assesses the  changes in the production of crops, livestock and food per capita.  It also  reviewed total factor productivity measures of selected Caribbean countries, which were calculated using the Malmquist productivity indexes.  It is shown that there was a wide variety of progress in agricultural productivity among the selected countries, however, for many, there has been a decrease in total factor productivity.  The components of this productivity was also evaluated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9838

The Impact of Historical and Regional Networks on Trade Volumes within the Western Hemisphere:  A Gravity Analysis across Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandberg,   H. Mikael; Seale,   James L., Jr.
This paper identifies and analyzes the effects of existing trade networks on bilateral trade volumes in the Western Hemisphere by applying the gravity model of international trade to two data-sets, one encompassing bilateral trade volumes of agricultural products and one encompassing bilateral trade volumes of manufactured goods.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: International trade; Gravity models; History; Regional trade agreements.; International Relations/Trade; F1 (International trade); F15 (Economic integration); F54 (Post-colonialism); F55 (International institutional arrangements).
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120071

PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS: IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skripnitchenko,   Anatoliy; Beladi,   Hamid; Koo,   Won W.
In this article we focus on the effects of preferential trade arrangements on agricultural trade and agricultural income. Given the large number of preferential trade arrangements and complex interactions among them, we attempt to find out whether preferential trade arrangements are beneficial to agricultural trade and income, and are an effective tool to liberalize agricultural trade. The findings suggest that preferential trade arrangements with some exceptions tend to expand agricultural trade and improve agricultural income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20260

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brookins,   Carole L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33441

Trade Agreements in the Americas: Regionalism Converging to Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hester,   Annette; Beaulieu,   Eugene.
This paper summarizes the evolution of regional trade agreements in the Americas and examines whether they are contributing to globalization or detracting from it. In theory, regional trade agreements may create incentives that deter countries from entering into multilateral negotiations. The paper draws on the political economy literature and takes a "dynamic time-path effect" perspective. The evolution of six regional trade agreements in Latin America are analyzed in detail: LAIA, Mercosur, NAFTA, Andean Community, Caricom, and CACM. This study concludes that regional trade agreements in the Americas have not discouraged the participatory countries' pursuit of multilateral negotiations. Moreover, regional agreements are contributing to a new power...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Multinationalism; Preferential trade agreements; Regionalism; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23840

MODIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITIVENESS WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE DEMAND EMERGING NOWDAYS ON COOPERATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurta,   Hilda.
What is the activating force that organizes economic affairs? The social side of human nature means that competition alone is not sufficient because competition is the expression of human individuality. Cooperation, which gives expression to human sociality, is the other one. Reality provides many examples indicating that people are more cooperative than is assumed in the standard self-interest model. In the last twenty years the academic view has changed about whether we should compete or cooperate for the higher competitiveness. In the eighties they supported the opinion that the competition is the only way to achieve success in business. Later on the argument started on competition vs. cooperation, and they realized that in some situation the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Cooperation; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58910

Proceedings of a Symposium on Competitiveness of U.S. Grains in International Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119582

TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33214

EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ON A REGIONAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bairak,   Roman I.; Hughes,   David W.
Agricultural exports are important to many regional economies, as is the case for agricultural exports wither produced in or shipped through Louisiana. A hybrid (revised and verified) IMPLAN model of the Louisiana economy is used to estimate the direct and indirect impact of agricultural exports. Original model estimates of foreign exports lacked holistic (overall) accuracy. However, other, more general uses of the model were unaffected by this lack of accuracy. While the contributions of agricultural exports to the state economy were substantial, impacts were concentrated in unprocessed products. Increasing the export of processed agricultural products should enhance economic activity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Holistic accuracy; IMPLAN; Input-output models; Processed exports; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15116

The Effects of Maize Trade with Malawi on Price Levels in Mozambique: Implications for Trade and Development Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Santos,   Ana Paula.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize trade; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56032

Food quality and product export performance. An empirical investigation of the EU situation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian.
The relationship between product quality (as indicated by unit value) and export performance, both measured in absolute (per capita) and relative terms, is investigated.  Five EU countries (DE, UK, FR, ES, IT), three product categories (cheese, meat preparations and wine), three export destinations (intra EU, extra EU and world) and two time periods (1995-1999 and 2000-201) are analysed.  The estimation results show that the connection between quality and export performance is positive for Italy, Spain and France but depends on the product category (but not on the period), and differs (but not in all cases) according to the export destination.  While the signs of the estimated slope coefficients are stable, the obtained statistical significance levels for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality; International trade; EU.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7877

USING E-COMMERCE AS AN INFORMATION TECHNIQUE IN AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bahattin,   Cetin; Parseker,   Zeynep; Akpinar Bayizit,   Arzu; Turhan,   Sule.
The term of globalization that is popular nowadays appears thanks to the development of Internet. Internet technologies enables the flow of digital information across the world so that it has changed the ways in which people learn, work, communicate, consume and transact business. Also by means of Internet, it can remove the borders between countries in marketing their products. The idea of using data technologies in trading activities develops it rapidly. Becoming widespread of Internet increased the sharing of knowledge; therefore, e- commerce is gradually progressing all around the world. Customers are intended to reach information quickly and the firms are aimed at meeting the demands of the customers by e-commerce. The opportunities of electronic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Electronic commerce; Agri-food industry; Global market; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43404

The Welfare Effects of Imperfect Harmonization of Trade and Industrial Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gatsios,   Konstantine; Karp,   Larry S.
Partial cooperation in setting trade policy may be worse than no cooperation for countries who form a customs union. The paper investigates three situations where this is likely to occur. First, if the countries forming the union comprise too small a percentage of the non-competitive sector of the industry, their cooperation may be disadvantageous for essentially the same reason that a merger may be disadvantageous in oligopolistic industries. Second, even if the countries forming the union comprise the entire non-competitive sector of industry, cooperation on trade policy may be disadvantageous if industrial policy (e.g. investment subsidies) are chosen non-cooperatively. The reason is that cooperation in trade policy may exacerbate the inefficiencies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade and industrial policy; Imperfect competition; Customs union; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51256

New Groups in the WTO Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Power, Learning and Institutional Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolfe,   Robert.
For two decades agriculture has been the lynchpin of every meeting of the world’'s trade ministers. The Hong Kong ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2005 was no different. Once again, a multilateral trade round is blocked by failure to agree on reform of farm trade, a traditional sector representing less than 10% of world merchandise trade. But the current round differs from earlier rounds: a number of new political coalitions have formed, unformed and reformed, and the role of Canada seems obscure. The usual approaches to explaining international economic outcomes consider political economy factors. In this paper I ask if institutional factors are part of the problem, or the solution.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24160

The Governance of Agricultural Trade: Perspectives from the 1940's
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skully,   David W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50884

Intellectual Property Rights and Entry into a Foreign Market: FDI vs. Joint Ventures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leahy,   Dermot; Naghavi,   Alireza.
We study the effect of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime of a host country (South) on a multinational's decision between serving a market via greenfield foreign direct investment to avoid the exposure of its technology or entering a joint venture (JV) with a local firm, which allows R&amp;D spillovers under imperfect IPRs. JV is the equilibrium market structure when R&amp;D intensity is moderate and IPRs strong. The South can gain from increased IPR protection by encouraging a JV, whereas policies to limit foreign ownership in a JV gain importance in technology intensive industries as complementary policies to strong IPRs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12089

AN ANALYSIS OF VALUE-ADDED AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO MIDDLE-INCOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND BEEF PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jung-Hee; Henneberry,   David; Pyles,   David.
This study determined probable future directions in U.S. value-added agricultural exports to middle-income developing countries (MIDCs) under the assumption of continued income growth. Import share equations for U.S. bulk, semi-processed and value-added wheat or beef products, as a percent of total U.S. wheat or beef product exports to each MIDC, were econometrically estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. The empirical results indicate that in most MIDCs, increases in real per capita income have negative effects on the import share of processed wheat products while having positive effects on the import share of bulk wheat. However, import shares of U.S. processed beef products are likely to increase with income growth in most MIDCs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30061

The Dynamics of the Innovation System for Functional Foods in South Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Barcellos,   Marcia Dutra; Pozzo,   Daniele; Ferreira,   Gabriela Cardozo; Lionello,   Rafael Laitano.
This study aims at identifying the dynamics of the innovation system for functional foods (FF) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Functional food is any healthy food claimed to have a health-promoting or disease-preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrients. Health has been named as the most significant trend and innovation driver in the global food and drinks market. Brazil is one of the leading countries in food production and consumption, and the market for functional foods have been growing 10% per year, three times more than the market for conventional foods. Although this food category is considered mature in some developed markets (such as in Japan, in the Nordic countries and in the U.S), it is still unknown for many consumers,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122032

Distribution of Agricultural NRAs across Countries and Products, 1955-84 and 1985-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.
The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world’s population, farmers, agricultural output and total GDP. They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all OECD countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price and trade policies; Nominal rates of assistance; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50307

"This Woman's Work" in a "Man's World": A Feminist Analysis of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sciullo,   Nick J.
Published in Whittier Law Review, v.28, 2006
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; Feminism; Farm Security and Rural Investment Act; 2002; Sciullo; Law; Womyn; International agriculture; Covered commodities; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37239

South Korean Millers’ Preferences for the Quality Characteristics of Hard White Wheat that is Used in Producing All-purpose Flour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Jaehong; Henneberry,   Shida Rastegari.
Using the choice-based conjoint analysis and self explicated approach, I elicited South Korean millers’ preference and willingness to pay for the quality characteristics of hard white wheat that is used in producing all-purpose flour. In specified seven attributes, test weight, moisture, and price significantly affect to South Korean millers’ utility but protein contents, ash, dockage, and falling number does not. South Korean millers are more willing to pay to change the quality characteristics related to the milling yields and profitability, such as test weight, moisture and dockage. But their willingness-to-pay for protein content is not as big as common expectation. Along with the research of Srinivasan (1997), we found that the self-explicated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hard White Wheat; South Korean wheat market; Choice-based conjoint analysis; Self-explicated approach; Conditional logit model; Willingness-to-pay; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56327

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL FEED AND MALTING BARLEY MARKETS: AN ECONOMETRIC SPATIAL OLIGOPOLISTIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Koo,   Won W.
A "hybrid" spatial price equilibrium model is developed to evaluate changes in production, consumption, and trade of feed and malting barley under alternative domestic and agricultural trade policy regimes. The analysis includes the economic welfare impacts of changes in various farm subsidy programs on the United States, Canada, Australia, and European Union (EU-15) which are the four major barley exporting countries in the world. The actions of competitive U.S. grain traders under the Export Enhancement Program cause feed barley exports to be segmented into two distinct markets. A spatial equilibrium is established in which the Canadian Wheat Board and Australian marketing boards behave as oligopolists in export markets under arbitrage conditions induced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting; Feed; Farm Subsidy; Trade Policy; Export Market; Welfare; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23286

THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND THE CAP: THE REFORM OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE IMPORT REGIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Elisa; de Gorter,   Harry.
The import regime resulting from the tariffication under the Agreement on Agriculture of the minimum import price scheme protecting fruit &amp; vegetables in the European Union, gives rise to discontinuities in the excess demand, creates competition for rents, and does not allow the full effect of tariffication to be felt.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Minimum import price; Fruits &amp; vegetables; Tariffication; Agreement on agriculture; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21636

The impact of the reduction in Australian orange-juice tariff
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Tariff; Australia; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52892

THE POTENTIAL FOR VALUE-ADDED EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moulton,   Kirby S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17555

Effects of Economic Globalisation on Employment Trend and Wages in Developing Countries: Lessons from Nigeria Experiences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elijah,   Obayelu Abiodun.
Since 1986, Nigeria has gradually been integrating with the global economy. This paper examines the effect of globalization on employment and wages in Nigeria. The effects of globalization have been difficult to isolate and evaluate theoretically and empirically due to it multi-faceted nature, but this study attempt to analyse the effects on employment and employeesâ€™ wages by looking at what happened before, during and after globalization in Nigeria. Information and data were mainly gathered through secondary sources, The results of  the analysis shows that globalisation of the Nigeria economy through various economic reforms, deregulation and privatisation has led to downsizing of employment in civil service thereby compounding the widespread job...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Labour market; Employment; Wages; Developing countries and Nigeria; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7433

DO THE JAPANESE DISCRIMINATE AGAINST AUSTRALIAN BEEF IMPORTS?: EVIDENCE FROM THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Seale,   James L., Jr.
This paper considers an application of the differential approach to Japanese demand for beef imports from 1970 to 1993. Results of homothetic demand and negative (significant) own-price elasticities indicate that the Japanese did not discriminate against Australian beef, but the decrease in Australia's trade shares was due to changes in relative prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Japan; Beef Imports; Rotterdam model; CBS model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15265

ILLUSION AND REALITY IN INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13703

TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.; Ivanic,   Maros; Preckel,   Paul V.; Cranfield,   John A.L.
“"Globalization increases poverty"” is a common assertion made by critics of globalization. The proliferation of low-wage jobs and higher food prices are some of the arguments brought forward in support of this argument. One of the hallmarks of globalization is the systematic dismantling of barriers to trade. Advocates of trade liberalization – particularly industrialized country agriculture reform – argue that the ensuing rise in world prices for agriculture products will boost rural incomes, thereby reducing poverty in the poorest countries, where the bulk of world poverty resides. Who is right? The goal of this paper is take a systematic look at the structure of poverty across a range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28691

FORCES RESHAPING WORLD AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
This paper examines many of the forces reshaping world agriculture.  Among these forces are increased trade liberalization, agricultural research and development, and new movements in developing countries.  Worldwide agricultural production is likely to become more competitive as a result of increased trade liberalization through the World Trade Organization and regional and bilateral free trade agreements.  Countries can become more competitive through agricultural research and development.  As a result of research and development, total agricultural production has increased significantly across the world over the last several decades.  Agricultural research has also led to the development of many new, non-food uses for agricultural products.  New...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Research and development; Productivity; Biofuels; Brazil; Food demand; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23616

THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL LINKAGES ON FREE TRADE IN THE AMERICAS: A GRAVITY MODEL ANALYSIS ACROSS SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandberg,   H. Mikael.
This paper estimates the impact of regional linkages (i.e. regional trading agreements) and historical linkages (i.e. neo-colonial trade ties) on trade pattern in the Western Hemisphere using the gravity model of international trade.  The estimation is made at the aggregate trade level as well as on the disaggregated level by using trade data corresponding to food products and manufactured goods respectively.  The evidence suggests that significant distortions of trade patterns due to regional and historical linkages exist. It seems that smaller economies are more receptive to the effects of regionalism than larger ones and that the food sector is more affected by distortions than the manufactured goods sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20201

Der Markt für Milch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salamon,   Petra; Kurzweil,   Marianne.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97423

AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF U.S. IMPORTS OF BUTTER AND MILK FAT PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Kenneth W.; Wu,   Zhen.
This study developed a model to explain monthly imports of butter and butter substitutes. The U.S. imports butter and other high milk fat products that can substitute for a strict definition of butter. These products include dairy spreads, butter substitutes, anhydrous milk fat, and food preparations. The U.S. imports these high milk fat products under a tariff-rate quota system (TRQ) implemented by the World Trade Organization (WTO). This study quantified all the milk fat contained in U.S. butter and butter substitute imports. A conceptual model was developed to explain imports of these products under a TRQ system. And an econometric model was estimated to analyze the economic factors that drive over-quota imports. The model found that the wedge between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18846

EFFECTS OF THE DUTIES ON CANADIAN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.; Baek,   Jungho.
Since the United States imposed antidumping and countervailing duties totaling 14.16 percent on imports of Canadian hard red spring (HRS) wheat, Canadian exports to the United States have nearly stopped.  This study examines the changes in U.S. wheat imports from Canada.  An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine the effects of the decline in HRS wheat imports on U.S. farm price and producer revenue.  The substantial decline in HRS wheat imports from Canada from the 1997/98 - 2001/02 levels to the current levels is found to have increased the spring wheat price received by farmers by about $0.15 per bushel.  With the average yearly HRS wheat production totaling 481 million bushels, this price increase means an increase in annual income...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Imports; Canada; Farm price; Countervailing duties; Antidumping duties; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23494

GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION: AN IN-DEPTH ASSESSMENT OF WHAT IS AT STAKE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Beghin,   John C.
We use the global Linkage model to assess the impact of trade and support policies in agriculture on income, trade, and output patterns. We provide order-of-magnitude estimates of the impacts of policy changes rather than point estimates. Two sets of simulations are used to identify key drivers in the results. One set decomposes the aggregate results by looking at the impacts of partial reforms, regionally and across instruments, to identify the relative contribution to global gains of reforms in industrialized and developing countries and of border protection versus domestic support. The second set responds to critics of trade reform (inflated gains for developing countries, no transition costs for industrial country farmers, uncertain supply response in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade liberalization; Developing countries; Doha Round; Farm policy; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18343

EXPORT AND MARKET SHARE PROJECTIONS FOR SOYBEANS AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santana,   Carlos Augusto M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13274

Global Market Shocks and Poverty in Vietnam: The Case of Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Linh,   Vu Hoang; Tam,   Le Dong.
World food prices have experienced dramatic increases in recent years. These “shocks” affect food importers and exporters alike. Vietnam is a major exporter of rice, and rice is also a key item in domestic production, employment and consumption. Accordingly, rice price shocks from the world market have general equilibrium impacts and as such, their implications for household welfare are not known ex ante. In this paper we first present a simple framework for understanding the direct and indirect welfare effects of a global market shock of this kind. Second, we quantify the transmission of the price shock from global indicator prices to domestic markets. Third, we then we use an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model to simulate the effects of domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Rice; Poverty; Price transmission; General equilibrium; Microsimulation; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; I32; D58; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116706

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48624

The impact of the Asian Crisis on Australia's primary exports: why it wasn't so bad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Ronald C.; Yang,   Yongzheng.
This article explores the modest impact of the Asian Crisis on Australia’s primary commodity exports. Simulations using a global general equilibrium model show: (i) as capital flees Asia, investment in Australia increases and the trade deficit grows; (ii) while terms of trade deteriorate in the short run, they improve in the medium run as import demand increases in the crisis countries; (iii) exports of primary commodities expand as the crisis countries try to export more; (iv) more income‐elastic primary commodities fare less well than the income‐inelastic foodstuffs as incomes decline in the crisis countries; (v) Australia’s relatively low dependence on manufactured exports was a buffer as manufactured exports came under heavy pressure from exports from...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117843

Efficiency Gains and Cost Reductions from Individual Transferable Quotas: A Stochastic Cost Frontier for the Australian South East Fishery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kompas,   Tom; Che,   Tuong Nhu.
In this paper efficiency gains and associated cost reductions from increases in traded quota are estimated with a stochastic cost frontier for the Australian South East Trawl Fishery (SETF). Estimation of this frontier also provides key information on the relative importance of input costs in the SETF, returns to scale, variations in costs as a result of trade in quota and the economic performance of each fishing vessel, year to year. Final estimations indicate that increases in the volume of quota traded have resulted in considerable efficiency gains and cost reductions in the SETF, ranging from 1.8 to 3.5 cents per kilogram for surveyed vessels for every one per cent increase in the volume of quota traded, or 1 to 2.4 per cent of total variable costs,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Individual transferable quotas; Stochastic cost frontier; Fishery efficiency; International Relations/Trade; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57907

Latina Microenterprise and the U.S.-Mexico Border Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robles,   Barbara J.
The number of U.S. Latina-owned small businesses and microenterprises increased at a rapid clip during the 1990s. An astonishing growth rate of 232 percent between 1988 and 1997 in Latino-owned businesses was reported by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA, 1998). Self-employment rates among Latinas in the United States increased two-fold during the time period from 1990 to 2000 (Census Bureau, 2001). According to estimates there are more than two million microentrepreneurs in the United States (Grameen Foundation USA, 2002; Aspen Institute, 2000). Almost ten million people live along the U.S.-Mexico border. Mexico is the United States' second-largest trading partner, accounting for US $262 billion in two-way trade in 2000 (Department of Commerce,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bicultural skills; Microenterprise; Transnational trade; Transparency; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23922

Economic Asymmetries, Trade Liberalization and Regional Integration: Issues and Policy Implications for Caricom Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walters,   Lurleen M.; Lowe,   Garfield G.; Davis,   Carlton George.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic Asymmetries; CARICOM Countries; Trade Liberalization; Regional Integration; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45794

Common Trends, Common Cycles, and Price Relationships in the International Fiber Market - Evidence from a Seemingly Unrelated Structural Time Series
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.; Misra,   Sukant K.
This study shows that the stochastic process that governs price fluctuations in the international fiber market has transitory and permanent components. The results also indicate structural relationships between cotton price and wool price, wool price and oil price, rayon price and cotton price, and between polyester price and cotton price.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Unobserved components; State-space; Kalman filter; Fiber prices; Cofeature; International Relations/Trade; C32; Q11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35545

The Antidumping Negotiations: Proposals, Positions and Antidumping Profiles: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.; Wainio,   John.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Antidumping Negotiations: Proposals, Positions and Antidumping Profiles" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23868

SHAPING GLOBALIZATION FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND FOOD SECURITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  Introduction, by Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla and Sherman Robinson; The nature of disagreements, by Ravi Kanbur; Growth and poverty, by Manohar Sharma, Sam Morley and Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla; Trade and food security, by Eugenio Diaz-Bonilla and Marcelle Thomas; Nutrition, by Julie Babinard and Per Pinstrup-Andersen; High-value agriculture, by Christopher Delgado, Nicholas Minot and Nikolas Wada; Food safety and food quality, by Laurian J. Unnevehr; Technological change, by Peter B.R. Hazell; Intellectual property rights and agricultural R&amp;D, by Philip G. Pardey and Brian D. Wright; Environment, by Stanley Wood; Democracy and civil society, by Marzia Fontana and Yukitsugu Yanoma; Conflict and food insecurity, by Ellen Messer and Marc J. Cohen;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16029

A MARKETING ANALYSIS OF U.S. CHICKEN EXPORTS TO CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Li; Gunter,   Lewell F.
China is the second largest market for U.S. poultry exports. The growth potential for chicken exports to China is great, given their large population, low per capita consumption, rising incomes, and recent inclusion in the WTO. In this study, we estimated excess supply and demand equations for US exports of frozen chicken parts to China.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34618

Disease Outbreaks and Agricultural Trade: The Case of Potatoes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Thibodeau,   David R.; Grant,   K. Gary; Prochazkova,   Katerina.
This study analyzed the impact of PVYn and potato wart disease outbreaks in PEI on the potato industry. These disease outbreaks resulted in the loss of the US seed export market to PEI producers. The effects of the disease outbreaks were mitigated through value-added processing. Price premiums for processed potatoes allowed PEI potato producers to abandon seed exports without incurring losses. Evidence is presented to suggest that other countries have also used this approach when export restrictions were placed on domestic agricultural industries. Policy response to the two disease outbreaks include: i) development of a zones policy that helped to reopen markets into the US; and ii) financial compensation to producers above the minimum levels required...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Disease; Trade; Potatoes; Canada; Food; Safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43464

DISAGGREGATING LABOR PAYMENTS BY SKILL LEVEL IN GTAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jing; van Leeuwen,   Nico; Vo,   Tri Thanh; Tyers,   Rodney; Hertel,   Thomas W.
This paper outlines an approach to disaggregating labor payments in the GTAP, global economic data base. The split between low- and high-skilled labor is based on occupational data. High-skilled labor is assumed to consist of managers, administrators, professionals, and para-professionals.   Data are gathered on this occupational split, by sector, in fifteen different economies, and these are mapped to GTAP sectors.   Regression analysis shows a systematic relationship between GDP per capita and the national stock of tertiary and secondary educated labor on the one hand, and the sectoral labor payments split on the  other.   This model is used to predict labor splits, by sector, in the remaining GTAP regions. The results are evaluated in terms of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28722

Strategic Behavior and Trade in Agricultural Commodities - Competition in World Peanut Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25362

Demand System Analysis of the South Korean Beef Market with the Free Trade Demand Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Young-Jae; Kennedy,   P. Lynn.
In this study a demand system analysis for beef in South Korea is constructed. A free trade demand system was used in which the economic welfare of market participants are maximized. Recognizing implicit discrimination about non-locally sourced beef products, this study deduces market demand equations with respect to consumer preference in order to identify the marginal effect of change consumer preference has on market demand.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6825

Distributional Impacts of Country-of-Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.; Marsh,   John M.; Jimmerson,   Jason.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29189

RETIRING MARGINALLY PROFITABLE SECTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL FIELDS IN ONTARIO ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED: CASE STUDIES OF TYPICAL FIELDS IN ONTARIO, FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Mussell,   Al; Stiefelmeyer,   Kate.
The dairy industry in Canada was turned on its ear by the release of the WTO decision last fall that Canada’'s Special Milk Classes constitute an export subsidy. Dairy processors fear the loss of established export markets. At the same time, the decision threatens the role of supply management authorities as the sole marketers of farmers’' milk. Will farmers market milk for export directly to processors? What consequences could renewed marketing board involvement in exports have in the international trade arena? The industry is preparing for conflict as it reorients itself in the international market. That conflict is embedded in proposals made by some of the milk marketing agencies and by some processor members of the National Dairy Council (NDCC)....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18119

Trade Update Notes: Report of the Task Force on Tariffication and Rebalancing
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51257

Analysis of the Global Competitiveness of Northeastern Food Firms: Experience and Interest in Foreign Activity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagen,   James M.; Santos,   Carlos A.
The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of small to medium sized food firms in the Northeast (New York and Pennsylvania) that influence their decision to be involved or interested in foreign markets. The study involved the use of a survey, and we used a series of logistic regression models as well as correlation and cross-tabulations. Of the 116 food-manufacturing firms of New York and Pennsylvania that we successfully contacted in the survey, 55 are involved in foreign activity or were in the past, and 73 firms were interested in starting or expanding their foreign activity. We grouped the determinants that influence a firm's decision to enter or be interested in entering foreign markets ~n seven categories:...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122678

Fifty Ways to Leave Your Protection: Comparing Applied Models of the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.
Recent increases in the number of multilateral and preferential trade agreements have sparked the development of applied models to quantify the impact of trade agreements. Outcomes generally support the theoretical notion that liberalising trade increases welfare. The increase in aggregate welfare is attained through a restructuring of the economy, with possible painful effects for certain economic sectors or parts of the population. The current debate on trade liberalisation focuses on the distribution of costs and benefits.  Applied models can provide an understanding of the distribution of costs and benefits.  Their outcomes, however, are determined by the way in which the economy and the liberalisation measures are modelled. The aim of this study is to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25132

Footloose Capital, Market Access, and the Geography of Regional State Aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.
The global welfare implications of home market effects in trade models with imperfect competition are little understood. This paper proposes a simple model in which such implications can be easily analyzed. It shows an overall tendency of imperfectly competitive sectors to inefficiently cluster in locations that offer market access advantages. The more so the stronger the market power of firms as well as the intensity of increasing returns to scale and the lower the trade costs. As such features are likely to differ widely across sectors, those results provide theoretical ground to the promotion of regional policies that are also sectorspecific and not only region-specific as currently in the EU.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic integration; Specialization; Home market effect; Regional disparities; Regional policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F12; L13; R13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26387

The Risk Averting WTP of Visitors to the East Coast of Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shin,   Hio-Jung; Meister,   Anton D.; Choi,   Ik-Chang.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97793

Evaluating Trade Developments in Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Keithly G.; Blayney,   Donald P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/11/04.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34696

POLICY REFORM, MARKET STABILITY, AND FOOD SECURITY; PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
Provedor de dados: 31
Contact for this paper:  Laura Bipes, Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Avenue, 232 ClaOff, St. Paul, MN 55108.  This volume contains the main papers that were presented at an IATRC symposium which focused on Policy Reform, Market Stability, and Food Security.  It was held June 26-27, 1998 in Alexandria, Virginia and was co-sponsored by the Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy, Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota.  Papers included are:  Asian Economic Crisis and the Long-Term Global Food Situation, by Mark Rosegrant and Claudia Ringler; The New Policy Environment for Food Aid: The Challenge of Sub-Saharan Africa, by Cheryl Christensen; Poverty and Undernutrition in South Asia, by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14538

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sub-Saharan and North Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Masters,   William A.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48572

Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124041

Der Markt für Getreide und Ölfrüchte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schumacher,   Klaus-Dieter; Striewe,   Ludwig.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97171

European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Annand,   Mel.
One of the disciplines for State Trading Enterprises (STEs), with respect to the WTO, is the requirement to notify the WTO of all endeavors that fit the definition of an STE. This study argues that the European Union’'s system of grain interventions and export refunds fits the WTO'’s definition of an STE. First, a system of agencies that work together for a common purpose can be considered to be an enterprise. Second, the constituents of Europe’'s grain intervention enterprise receive exclusive and special rights to export grain. Third, the grain intervention system has decisive voice over the timing, quantity and destination of exports. For these reasons the system should be notified to the WTO as an STE.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: State Trading Enterprises; European Union; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23920

From Coffee Beans to Microchips: Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira,   Gustavo F.C.
During the early 1980s Costa Rica experienced its worst economic crisis since World War II, which led to the abandonment of the import substitution model of development adopted in the 1960s. This severe economic downturn also spurred the implementation of a series of new policies supporting foreign investment in high-value-added industries and the diversification of the nation’s exports. As a result, Costa Rica has diversified its economic activity, moved away from its historical dependence on agricultural exports, and gained new competitive advantages in the manufacturing sector. This study presents a straightforward generalization of the model proposed by Herzer and Nowak-Lehnmann’s (2006) to test the hypothesis that export diversification has influenced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47178

WHY ARE US AND EU POLICIES TOWARD GMOs SO DIFFERENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Lee Ann; Anderson,   Kym.
The development of genetically modified (GM) agricultural products requires new policies to manage potential food safety and environmental risks. The policy positions taken to date on GM foods by the United States and the European Union are very different. The US has few restrictions on production and trade in GM food products and no costly labelling requirements, whereas the EU has close to a ban on the production and importation of GM foods. This paper seeks to explain (a) why both the US and EU policies are extreme in the light of the uncertainty about the risks associated with GM foods, (b) what their consequences are for income distribution and trade in farm products, and (c) what it means for the GM policies and economic welfare of people in other...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Trade barriers; Productivity growth; Political economy of agricultural protection; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57898

AN EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORK GAME WITH PREFERENTIAL PARTNER SELECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
An evolutionary trade network game (TNG) is proposed for studying the interplay between evolutionary game dynamics and preferential partner selection in various market contexts with distributed adaptive agents. The modular form of the TNG facilitates experimentation with alternative specifications for trade partner matching, trading, expectation up dating, and trade strategy evolution. Experimental results obtained using a C++ implementation suggest that the conventional optimality properties used to evaluate agent matching mechanisms in static market contexts maybe inadequate measures of optimality from an evolutionary perspective.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18188

Why Do We Need a General Agreement on Movements of People (GAMP)?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Straubhaar,   Thomas.
This paper argues that global games need global rules. Times of globalisation call for an international framework to regulate efficiently international movements of people. More than ever before, migration is a global phenomenon. This paper discusses the economic necessity of a shift from national migration policies to an international regime. My suggestions go into the direction of a GAMP - a General Agreement on Movements of People. This labour market analogy to the GATT (WTO) and GATS is intended to provide an international regime for the movement of people across national borders. It proceeds from the conviction that in general the free international movement of people - like the free movement of goods and capital - is beneficial to all parties...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26332

U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in the Western Hemisphere Processed Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bolling,   H. Christine; Neff,   Steven; Handy,   Charles R.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become the leading means for U.S. processed food companies to participate in international markets. Affiliates of U.S.-owned food processing companies had $30 billion in sales throughout the Western Hemisphere in 1995, nearly 4 times the level of processed food exports. This report puts U.S. foreign direct investment and trade in processed foods to the region into global perspective, and finds evidence that, in the aggregate for the 1990's, trade and FDI are complementary--not competitive--means of accessing international food markets. Incomes have grown sufficiently in most countries to support growth in affiliate sales and U.S. exports, indicating a strong demand for a wide variety of processed foods.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: U.S. food processing industry; Western Hemisphere; Foreign trade; Foreign direct investment; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34017

SANITARY BARRIERS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE GOVERNANCE ISSUES FOR THE NAFTA BEEF MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16918

INCREASES IN DEMAND FOR FOOD IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WORLD AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Lou,   Jianqiang; Johnson,   Roger G.
China is experiencing rapid economic growth, resulting in increased demand for food. Estimates are made of Chinese production and consumption of rice, wheat, corn, and soybeans to the year 2005. Results indicate that China will become a large net importer especially of wheat, corn, and soybeans. China's grain shipping and handling industries will need to be expanded to handle the increased imports.   Note: Figures are not included in the machine readable copy--contact the authors for more information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Food Consumption; Grain Production; Rice; Wheat; Corn; Soybeans; China; Agriculture; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23418

What Effect Does Free Trade in Agriculture Have on Developing Country Populations Around the World?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
Highlighted in the “battle in Seattle” in 1999, anti-trade sentiments still persist, even with development considerations placed at the core of reform negotiations at the World Trade Organization, in which two-thirds of the members are developing countries.  In this paper, the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on food consumption through changes in income and prices is considered. First, agricultural trade liberalization is estimated to raise economic growth by 0.43% and 0.46% in developing and industrialized countries, respectively. Since food consumption of households with lower income are more responsive to changes in income, their food consumption increases more under a trade liberalization regime.  Second, trade liberalization is expected to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade liberalization; Income and price elasticity; Income distribution; Developing countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6731

TRADE IN DISSERVICES: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH DAMAGES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolan,   Richard; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13453

Investigating Canadian Chicken Importers' Preferences Towards TRQ Import Licensing Mechanisms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Surprenant,   David; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
The Agreement on Agriculture ratified at the end of the Uruguay Round of WTO negotiations called for the conversion of non-tariff barriers to trade into bound tariffs. This tariffication would have resulted in excessively high tariffs, which would have threatened historic market access levels if not for WTO member countries agreeing to introduce tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). TRQs are two-tier tariffs. Imports below an agreed quota are taxed at a usually low (or zero) in-quota tariff rate while imported commodities in excess of the quota level are taxed at the higher (often prohibitive) over-quota tariff rate. In the process of implementing TRQs, WTO members failed to explicitly regulate TRQ administration procedures. As a result, numerous administration...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45699

Modeling Staple Food Consumption: Measuring the Trade Effect on Food Security for Chinese Grain Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Min; Sumner,   Daniel A.
This paper derives a simulation model that examines the food security of the grain producing households in China in an open border model regime.  We define a food inadequacy index (F.I.) to measure the change of the food security status under alternative scenarios of border liberalization for the households.  We conclude that if opening the border of grain market is followed by a more variable grain price distribution, the food security status will deteriorate for the low-income households on average.  However, if border liberalization is followed by a decrease in mean of the price distribution, even with a more variable distribution, the food security status improves.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19398

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Basic Linked System World Agricultural Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50639

Kereskedés az integrált Budapesti Értéktőzsdén
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fodor,   Lorant; Szabo,   Imre Laszlo.
A versenyképesség megőrzése és erősítése mind az ország, mind a tőkepiac alapvető érdeke. Ezen kihívás egyik eredménye a 2005-ben létrejött tőzsdei integráció. A modern távkereskedési rendszeréhez (MMTS I-II.) a világ bármely pontjáról nyitott interface-en keresztül kapcsolódhatnak a piaci szereplők, így akár az egyéni vagy intézményi befektetők, mezőgazdasági termelők, spekulánsok is. Ahhoz, hogy a mezőgazdasági termelők, feldolgozók ki tudják használni a tőzsde adta lehetőségeket, és az árbiztosításuk reményében hedge (fedezeti), illetve opciós ügyleteket tudjanak kötni eredményesen, először meg kell ismerniük a jelentős átalakuláson átesett – és folyamatosan változó – tőzsde alapvető működését. A Budapesti Értéktőzsde jelenlegi stratégiájának célja,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tőzsdei integráció; Garanciarendszer; Származékos szekció; Határidős arany kontraktus; Exchange integration; System of guaranties; Derivatives market; Gold contract with time limits; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57728

The Export-Production Decision of Chilean Farmers: Implications for Chile’s Agricultural and Export Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62264

Parma Agrifood Research Management Knowledge Network: PARMa KN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Braga,   Francesco S.; Baker,   Gregory A.
The case focuses on the proposed development of the Parma Agrifood Research Management Knowledge Network (PARMa KN). The PARMa KN is intended to be a global network of leading professionals drawn from academia, industry, and the public sector. The proposal is for the group to be funded by the City of Parma and corporate, foundation, and individual donors. Its main objective would be to build value for society through the development of cutting-edge research, educational programs, and service activities for firms in the food and agribusiness sector. It is hoped that the new foundation will bring international expertise to food and agribusiness firms in Parma to help them to expand and remain globally competitive.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consulting; Trade association; Industry association; SWOT; Industry research; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53730

IMPACT OF INCREASING IMPORTS ON THE UNITED STATES SOUTHEASTERN REGION SHRIMP PROCESSING INDUSTRY 1973-1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diop,   Hamady; Harrison,   R. Wes; Keithly,   Walter R., Jr.
This study analyzes the effects of increased shrimp imports on the price-cost margins in three sectors of the U.S. shrimp industry.  Results indicates decreasing price-cost margins for peeled shrimp, breaded shrimp, and headless-shell-on shrimp.  The increase in shrimp imports reduces domestic processor prices for shrimp products, therefore decreasing processor margins.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21647

RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilbert,   John; Wahl,   Thomas I.
Under the terms of its accession to the WTO, China will likely commit to significant liberalization of its agricultural trade regimes.  In this paper we consider how growing levels of urban unemployment, combined with a restrictive labor market policy, may alter the expected welfare effects of agricultural reform.  We utilize a new AGE model of the Chinese economy based on the Harris-Todaro framework, incorporating imperfect labor mobility.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21727

DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONCERNS AND MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huff,   Karen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12892

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Thailand: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Itharattana,   Kajonwan.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Thailand. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions in the public sector and various economic indicators. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, rubber, cassava, shrimp, chicken, soybean products, dairy products and fertilizers. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Thailand.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade; Trade policies; Trade liberalization; Infrastructure; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32710

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) AND TRADE - SUBSTITUTES AND COMPLEMENTS? AN APPLICATION TO THE PROCESSED FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Yilmaz,   Alper.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) have become a more dominant form of international trade in a more globalized world.  This paper investigates the question of whether FDI and trade are substitutes or complements.  In the context of a generally applicable model, the focus is on the processed food industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21665

Economic Impacts and Implications of Foreign-Born Labor Reductions in Agriculture - Emphasis on Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manthei,   Eric W.L.
Giving consideration to the bills and laws being discussed in Congress during the last few years regarding immigration reform, the need has arisen to study the effects of immigrant labor on the dairy industry.  The objective of this study is to consider the economic impacts of reducing the availability of immigrant workers in the United States.  This analysis utilizes the IMPLAN model, developed and maintained by the Minnesota IMPLAN Group, for analyzing the effects of 20 percent, 50 percent and 100 percent reductions in immigrant labor within the dairy industry.  IMPLAN maps the economy using an input/output structure that “describes commodity flows from producers to intermediate and final consumers”.  The employment and production data used as inputs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impact analysis; Dairy; Immigrant labor; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56493

Transport, Electricity and Communications Priorities in Guinea Bissau
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
This paper details the current situation in Guinea Bissau regarding infrastructure needs and suggests policies for the future. In particular it is noted that the degradation of the country’s only port in Bissau is a serious concern given the likelihood that the port will in a few years cease to be accessible to ocean-going freighters if rehabilitation is not made an immediate priority. While primary roads are in fairly good shape, secondary roads are abysmal and maintenance needs are routinely ignored on all roads. It is shown that completion of bridges connecting Bissau directly to Senegal will have the effect of making Senegalese ports the preferred outlet for many of Guinea Bissau’s exports.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Bridges; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55927

A Game Theoretic Approach to Analyse Cooperation between Rural Households in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerichhausen,   M.; Berkhout,   Ezra D.; Hamers,   H.J.M; Manyong,   Victor M.
To improve the livelihood of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much attention has been paid to the development of new agricultural technologies. We hypothesize that farmers can also improve their livelihood through cooperation. Partial cooperation, in which knowledge is shared or bargaining power improved, is relatively common in SSA, while cooperation where all resources are fully shared, which we address, has rarely been investigated. An important pre-requisite to establish such cooperation, is the need for a fair division rule for the gains of the cooperation. This paper combines linear programming and cooperative game theory to model the effects of cooperation of (individual) households on income and farm plans. Linear programming establishes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperations; Linear Programming; Nigeria; Livelihood; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52146

European Union Import Demand for In-Shell Peanuts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boonsaeng,   Tullaya; Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Carpio,   Carlos E.
This paper analyzes the European Union (EU) import demand for in-shell peanuts from three sources: the United States, China, and the rest of the world. We find that peanuts from different sources are differentiated by EU consumers. The expenditure elasticity is elastic for U.S. in-shell peanuts, which is associated with their higher quality. The conditional own price elasticities are more elastic for U.S. and Chinese in-shell peanuts. These findings have at least two implications. First, U.S. producers and exporters should direct efforts to ensure that in-shell peanuts exported to the EU are of the best possible quality, and, second, promotion efforts should stress the quality of U.S peanuts as an advertising tool.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: European Union import demand; In-shell peanuts; Nonlinear SAIDS; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; D12; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47269

Compendium of Economic and Trade Indicators by Region, 1960 to 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48325

The Effect of Sequencing Trade and Water Market Reform on Interest Groups in Irrigated Agriculture: An Intertemporal Economy-Wide Analysis of the Moroccan Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.
Many of the import competing sectors in Moroccan agriculture are protected while water in irrigated agriculture is priced below its marginal value product. Establishing a water market in this pre-trade reform environment can be welfare decreasing. Further, as the shadow price of water is sensitive to the crops protected by trade policy, farmers growing crops protected pre-trade reform can be made worse off post reform. The resulting decline in rents to sector resources is a source of interest group conflict that can slow the overall reform process. Using an intertemporal general equilibrium model, the paper analyzes the economy-wide effects of the linkages between trade reform and the reform of water markets in irrigated agriculture. We find a strong...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water Markets; Trade Reform. Dynamic General Equilibrium; O41; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F13; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7519

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in the Philippines: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangabat,   Minda C.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in the Philippines. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutional-support services and performance in international trade. It discusses such commodities as rice, maize, soybean, cassava, potato, coconut, and livestock products. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in the Philippines.Key Words: trade policies, trade, trade liberalization, agricultural products
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32680

Aflatoxin Redux: Does European Aflatoxin Regulation Hurt Groundnut Exporters from Africa?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xiong,   Bo; Beghin,   John C.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/02/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Standards; Aflatoxin; Maximum Residues Limit; Groundnut; Gravity equation; Africa; Market access; EU; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61314

Canary Island Tomato Exports: A Structural Analysis of Seasonality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez,   Gloria Martin; Hernandez,   Jose Juan Caceres.
The European tomato market is characterised by a constant process of dynamic adjustment toward the equilibrium. Furthermore, Canary tomato exports cause a high seasonal impact on market prices in the winter period. In these circumstances, an adequate distribution of shipments throughout the campaign could contribute to maximize producers' profits. The goal of this paper is to analyse the seasonal pattern of Canary tomato exports to Europe throughout the first fourteen campaigns following Spanish integration into the European Union. These export levels show some degree of instability, clearly related to the changes in the European Union trade rules, and there is a long period, the summer, without exports. Moreover, we have opted by using weekly data. These...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Canary tomato exports; Weekly data; Seasonality; Structural models; Splines; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24901

The effect of tariffs in markets with vertical restraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fargeix,   Andre; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition; Economics; Equilibrium; Marketing; Mathematical models; Monopolies; Tariff; Welfare economics; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47040

North American Barley Trade and Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23475

WORLD MALT AND MALTING BARLEY: COMPETITION, MARKETING, AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey; Dooley,   Frank J.
Recent trends in production marketing, trade, and policies affecting world malting barley and malt sector are examined.  A spatial equilibrium model of production and trade is used to assess the effects of alternative levels of supply, demand, and policy variables on composition and direction of malting barley and malt trade flows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting barley; Malt; Beer; Trade; Spatial equilibrium; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23444

THE BALDERSTONE REPORT: AN OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jarrett,   Frank G.
In September 1981, the then Minister for Primary Industry set up a Working Group under the Chairmanship of Sir James Balderstone to prepare, within one year, a policy discussion paper on agriculture. The terms of reference were wide-ranging and included the need to identify the major policy issues and options relating to the agricultural sector. The relevant time horizon was taken to be the 1980s. The terms of reference were:  (a) intersectoral relationships affecting agriculture, including resource development, wages policy and assistance to other sectors;  (b) trade policy, in particular the impact of the Common Agriculture Policy of the EEC;  (c) factors affecting technical and economic efficiency in agriculture; (d) current government assistance to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23033

ANALYSIS OF U.S. WHEAT MARKET SHARES IN EAST ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Hyun Joung; Koo,   Won W.
The effects of U.S. wheat prices, dollar values, and their volatilities on U.S. wheat market shares in 10 Asian countries are analyzed.  The variables are converted to a relative form comparing the U.S. against Australian and Canadian variables in order to incorporate the effects of competition among these countries.  The effects of the increased loan rates and target prices in the early 1980s and the U.S. export enhancement program (EEP) are also analyzed.  Estimation results show that higher U.S. wheat prices and U.S. dollar appreciation have detrimental effects, while increases in competitors? wheat prices and currency values have cross positive effects on U.S. market shares.  The importers are not sensitive to volatility in annual price and exchange...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International wheat trade; Market share; Panel unit-root test; Panel estimation; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23505

Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the WTO: The Law, the Issues and the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sawka,   Alison L.; Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: COOL; WTO; Labelling; Despite; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102306

Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Adcock,   Flynn J.
This paper examines the impact of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA. The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A 1 percent decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 3.96 percent in the first six years of NAFTA and by 1.07 percent in the last six years of NAFTA. US imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under NAFTA has been trade creating rather than trade diverting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21357

UNDERSTANDING CANADIAN/UNITED STATES DAIRY DISPUTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knutson,   Ronald D.; Loyns,   R.M.A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16963

Measuring Competition between Non-Food and Food Demand on World Grain Markets : Is Biofuel Production Compatible with Pressure for Food Production ?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benjamin,   Catherine; Houee-Bigot,   Magalie.
The flow of agricultural products between countries is conditioned by several factors including domestic and trade policy tools for the main competing exporters countries, and macroeconomic variables (such as real income per capita, rate of population growth,etc). Important structural changes are occurring on world agricultural markets that will have an impact on the long term competitiveness of countries and regions. These changes include developments in biofuels production linked to policy incentives, and the rapid growth in income and population numbers in some developing countries (such as India and China). An important issue is to identify the factors that are going to modify the balance between the supply and demand for agricultural products in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Modeling; Econometric; Partial equilibrium; Land uses; Biofuels; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9854

THE TRADE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATE: RELEVANT FOR SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Ballenger,   Nicole.
This paper introduces and briefly discusses the economics of two important trade and environment policy issues--international harmonization of environmental standards and the use trade measures for environmental purposes.  Both issues are likely to generate lively international debate among environmentalists, industry representatives, and trade negotiators over the next few years.  As the international community seeks new multilateral rules in these areas, agricultural producers will want to know how they will be affected.  Thus, this paper also examines the potential impacts of environmental policy on the competitiveness of commodities unique to the Southern region of the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; Agriculture; Southern region; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15428

AJAE Appendix: De-regulation as (Welfare Reducing) Trade Reform: The Case of the Australian Wheat Board
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorriston,   Steve; MacLaren,   Donald.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics,Volume 89, Number 3, August 2007.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7407

Foreign Direct Investments as Initiators of Change: The ”Swedmilk” dairy case- Reasons behind the failure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tuna,   Emelj.
Institutional problems and the corruptive use of social capital give ground for misuse of institutional gaps and cause intentional failures for financial benefits. Based on social capital theory and transaction cost economics (TCE) this paper describes how the institutional environment in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), affects success or failure of business endeavors, such as the Swedmilk case. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI’s) are expected to be the drivers of positive economic development for economies in transition. Hence, the major question addressed in this paper is: How does a Greenfield foreign direct investment of 25 million Euros, manage to collapse in such a short period? The paper also describes the “official” plans and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Institutional environment; Dairy sector; Swedmilk dairy; Foreign direct investments; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116092

Testing the Export-Base Theory in Alabama: An Ongoing Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kimbugwe,   David Brian; Banerjee,   Swagata (Ban); Gyawali,   Buddhi Raj.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56599

MIDWEST GRAIN PRODUCTS: A CHANGE IN STRATEGY DUE TO TRADE ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boland,   Michael A.; Domine,   Nancy Mitchell; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34493

PRIORITIZATION OF SANITARY RESTRICATIONS FACING U.S. EXPORTS OF BOVINE, PORCINE, AND OVINE FOR DETERMINATION OF SURVEILLANCE NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Philip L.; Seitzinger,   Ann Hillberg; Lee,   John G.; Haley,   Mildred M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/04/10.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sanitary restrictions; Exports; Trade; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94031

Geographical Indications, Barriers to Market Access and Preferential Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Yeung,   May T.; Kerr,   William A.
Canada is currently negotiating a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union; the issue of Geographic Indications (GIs) is on the negotiating agenda and is expected to be one of the most contentious issues in the negotiations. While the exact nature of protection for GIs to be included in the agreement is not yet clear, there is a potential conflict over market access with the U.S. (and presumably the approximately 50 other countries that use trademarks instead of GIs to protect this type of intellectual property). This paper explores the wider issues surrounding differences in the protection of intellectual property and the effect on market access as well as the potential specific issues pertaining to the CETA for NAFTA...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Geographic Indications (GIs); Trademarks; Market access; FTAs; NAFTA; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122741

Does Arbitraging Matter? Spatial Trade and Discriminatory Trade Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; McCalla,   Alex F.
When modeling discriminatory trade policies -- such as targeted embargoes, selective quotas, targeted export or import subsidies, or preferential trading agreements -- failure to explicitly include assumptions about arbitraging behavior may yield to misleading results. Quadratic programming (QP), Non Linear Programming (NLP), and Vector Sandwich (VS) models implicitly set the rules regarding the possibility of simultaneous exporting and importing. The result is that many analysis using these models may lead to poor results because the models contain implicit limits on arbitraging which may be at variance with the actual policies and/or country behavior. The paper introduces an alternative spatial model. Its main features are that countries are allowed to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Spatial models; Arbitraging; Discriminatory trade policy; Embargo; Preferential tariff; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51254

OIE International Standard in Trade Negotiations (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barcos,   Luis O.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8043

THE U.S. WHEAT AND CORN PROGRAMS: SOME DOMESTIC WELFARE AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carey,   Kathleen.
This paper explores changes in traditional commodity programs from the perspective of domestic welfare.  A theoretical model was developed which describes domestic welfare changes that follow from policies consistent with reductions in international price distortions.  The model was applied to the 1985 Farm Bill.  This provided an historical example of a policy change that simultaneously improves domestic welfare and reduces protectionism.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30361

China's Domestic Agricultural Support Policy; Structure and Efficiency of Green Box Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qian,   Keming.
The production function and multi-regional trade partial equilibrium model are applied to analyze China's domestic agricultural support policy,with the  focus on structure and efficiency of Green Box policy.The major findings are:  China's green box policy are targeted to increase productivity and secure food  supply rather than to stabilize farmers' income or reduce the income gap. Investments on agricultural R&amp;D and rural education,which have lower proportion and lower growth rate compared with the investment on rural infrastructure,have higher  return in the terms of the marginal return and cost reduction. It is found that the externality of the impact of investments on R&amp;D and education in rural area are the principal factors which result in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31943

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 701
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glewwe,   Paul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13209

The Causal Effects of Exports on Firm Size and Labor Productivity: First Evidence From a Matching Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wagner,   Joachim.
This paper uses a large plant level panel data set from Germany and a matching approach to look for causal effects of starting to export on plant performance. We find positive effects on growth of employment, labor productivity, and wages. Dieses Diskussionspapier untersucht, welche Effekte der Exportstart auf die Performance von Betrieben hat. Es legt einen Matching-Ansatz zugrunde. Datenbasis ist ein großes deutsches Betriebspanel. Es werden positive Auswirkungen des Exportstarts auf Beschäftigung, Arbeitsproduktivität und Löhne nachgewiesen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Causal effects; Firm performance; Matching approach; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F10; D21; L60.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26189

DISCUSSION: TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND COMPETITION POLICY: INFLUENCES ON AGRIBUSINESS AND INVESTMENT IN NAFTA COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16896

CANADIAN EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY TO THE UNITED STATES AND ITS IMPACTS ON U.S. DOMESTIC PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
Canadian exports of wheat and barley to the United States have increased significantly since the late 1980s.  The objectives of this study are to determine the factors that affect trade flows of hard red spring wheat, durum wheat, malting barley, and feed barley from Canada to the United States and to evaluate the impacts of Canadian wheat and barley exports on the U.S. domestic prices of these commodities.    Major factors affecting trade flows of these commodities from Canada to the United States include the exchange rate, quality differences, differences in market size, the U.S. Export Enhancement Program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, and trade liberalization under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement of 1989 (CUSTA).  These...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral trade; Free trade agreement; Wheat; Barley; Farm price; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23499

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finer,   Herman.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1957
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17808

PROSPECTS FOR THE CANADIAN DAIRY SECTOR FOLLOWING THE UPCOMING NAFTA PANEL RULING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Romain,   Robert F.J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16953

Trade Liberalisation and Poverty in Bangladesh: A General Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nahar,   Bodrun; Siriwardana,   Mahinda.
This paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impact on poverty of trade liberalisation in Bangladesh. The simulation results show that the complete removal of tariffs favours export oriented sectors in the economy. With trade liberalisation, rural and urban areas experience an overall reduction in poverty in the short run. However, a marginal increase in the poverty gap and poverty severity for urban areas is projected, implying that the poor become poorer in urban areas. Moreover, poverty incidences vary among various socio-economic groups. In the short run, poverty incidence increases for rural landless and urban illiterate and low-educated household groups. In contrast, the long run results highlight that trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade Liberalisation; Poverty; Bangladesh; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model.; International Relations/Trade; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47629

The World Economic Crisis and U.S. Agriculture: From Boom to Gloom?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; E32; F4; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94697

Der Markt für Zucker
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sommer,   Ulrich.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97199

Effects of Trade Liberalization on Agriculture in Pakistan: Institutional and Structural Aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akhtar,   Muhammad Ramzan.
This book analyzes institutional and structural aspects of the effects of trade liberalization on agriculture in Pakistan. The study stresses the analysis of trade-related policies, physical infrastructure, institutions in the public sector and various economic indicators. It discusses such commodities as rice, wheat, fruits and vegetables, edible oil, coffee, tea and milk. This book gives readers a general view of trade liberalization in Pakistan.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trade policies; Trade; Trade liberalization; Agricultural products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32699

THE AGRICULTURAL EXPORT-GROWTH NEXUS IN THE EU-27 AND THE COUNTRY RISK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sassi,   Maria.
The EU agriculture is undergoing an important process of liberalization and global integration within which its growth is a key issue particularly in view of the targets of competitiveness and convergence set by the Community. In this context, the paper, focusing on the EU-27 and the time period 2000-04, analyses the agricultural export-growth nexus and the role of the country risk, aspect that is still lacking in the empirical literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural growth; Agricultural openness; Country risk.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7830

L’impact socio-économique du VIH/SIDA sur les familles rurales ET SUR l’éducation des jeunes AU CAMEROUN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkendah,   Robert.
Au Cameroun comme dans beaucoup d’autres pays en Afrique subsaharienne, les recherches sur le VIH/SIDA se sont confinées dans les zones urbaines et ignorant en quelque sorte les zones rurales. C’est ainsi que ses liens avec l’agriculture et le développement rural n’ont reçu que peu d’attention en raison, dit-on, du manque des données et de la faible prévalence de la maladie dans les zones rurales par rapport aux zones urbaines. Pourtant, les liens réciproques entre la pandémie du VIH/SIDA et le développement rural est aujourd’hui reconnu par tous. La communauté internationale, y compris le Cameroun, cherche à mesurer l’impact de cette maladie sur la population rurale dont les jeunes occupent souvent une place importante. La présente communication vise à...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52130

An Impact Study of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six ACP Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fontagne,   Lionel; Laborde,   David; Mitaritonna,   Cristina.
This article intends to present a very detailed analysis of the trade-related aspects of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations. We use a dynamic partial equilibrium model – focusing on the demand side – at the HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two alternative lists of sensitive products are constructed, one giving priority to the agricultural sectors, the other focusing on tariff revenue preservation. In order to be WTO compatible, EPAs must translate into 90 percent of bilateral trade fully liberalised. We use this criterion to simulate EPAs for each negotiating regional block. ACP exports to the EU are forecast to be 10 percent higher with the EPAs than under the GSP/EBA option. On average ACP countries are forecast to lose 70...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Preferential Trade Agreements; Africa; EPAs; Partial Equilibrium Simulations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44194

Forces Shaping Trade: The WTO, Trade Agreements, and Market Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93488

CAP REFORM, WHEAT PRICE INSTABILITY AND PRODUCER WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Stanley R.; Gohout,   Wolfgang.
We use a simple nonlinear commodity market model to illustrate the impact of recent reforms of the CAP on the variability of EU and world wheat prices. Second, within an expected utility framework we estimate the transfer and risk effects on producer welfare due to market liberalizing reforms. We found that wheat producers were over-compensated for the losses due to lower prices following the 1992 reforms. The transfer effect clearly dominated while the risk component was small. Further, we did not find producer incomes to be more unstable following to the 1992 CAP reforms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; CAP reform; Price instability; Producer welfare; Wheat market; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21780

MEXICO'S BASIC-CROPS SUBSECTOR: STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION UNDER FREE TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yunez-Naude,   Antonio.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16860

Do the BRICs and Emerging Markets Differ in their Agrifood Trade?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haq,   Zahoor Ul; Meilke,   Karl D.
Contributed Paper prepared for presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22, 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Emerging economies; BRIC economies; Food trade; Income elasticities; Economic growth; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51395

Implementing a New Trade Paradigm: Opportunities for Agricultural Trade Regionalism in the Pacific Rim
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.; Lin,   Chin-Zen; Gleckler,   James; Rask,   Norman.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the economic implications for American food producers, consumers, and society of alternative Pacific Rim free trade region (FIR) configurations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51128

Analysis of the Relationship between State Budget and Trade Balance of Libyan Economy (Period: 2000 – 2008)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maitah,   Mansoor; der Ali,   A.
The subject of the relationship between state budget and trade balance is important as economic subject, not only at the level of developing countries, but also at of advanced ones, too. Such importance emerged clearly when 1980s witnessed in United States of America a deficit in both state budget and trade balance, which was called at that time as the twin or dual deficit. We can say that the analysis of relationship between state budget and trade balance states the extent of mutual effect between financial and trade policies of any economy, namely; any change in the outcome of either one may affect the other in the same degree. To put in other words, the instruments of financial policy represented by total incomes and total expenditures can affect the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: State budget; Trade balance; Libya; Trade policy; Fiscal policy; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99221

COMPETITION POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacLaren,   Donald; Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14585

DEMAND AND COMPETITION AMONG SUPPLY SOURCES: THE INDONESIAN FRUIT IMPORT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andayani,   Sri R.M.; Tilley,   Daniel S.
Indonesia is a rapidly growing and competitive market for U.S. fruit.  A restricted, source-differentiated, almost ideal demand system is estimated for apples, oranges, grapes, and other fruit in Indonesia.  The Marshallian expenditure elasticities for U.S. fruit are estimated to be between 1.01 and 1.21.  For grapes and oranges, competition with other fruits appears to be more important that competition with other supply sources.  For apples, strong source-differentiated substitution relationships are found.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: AIDS model; Fruit; Import demand; Indonesia; Source-differentiated demand; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15049

A Continental Method for Estimating the Supply and Import/ Export of Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kubo,   Masayoshi; Xie,   Jingci.
Wheat is the principal food of about half of the world’s population. In the 21st century, a steep increase in the global population is expected, mostly in Asia and Africa. While there is a saturation of food in developed countries, many developing countries suffer from a food shortage. We examine the production and supply of wheat by  continent, focusing mainly on wheat shortages in Asia and Africa. We also drew conclusions about wheat distribution.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7068

Productivity, Geography, and the Export Decision of Chilean Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This article analyzes the export participation of Chilean farms and the relative importance of farm-specific and geographic characteristics in this decision. An export behavior model is estimated using data on 8,284 Chilean farms and a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood procedure. Farm efficiency has a relatively stronger effect than the combined effect of geographic characteristics in increasing the probability of export participation. Farms with skilled (managerial) labor and in regions with higher human capital also have a relatively higher probability of producing for the export market. However, for geographic characteristics to positively affect export participation, farms must achieve a minimum level of efficiency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Chile; Export Participation; Geography; Productivity.; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; F11; O13; O18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25687

Unequal Gains of Nations from Economic Globalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Svizzero,   Serge; Laselle,   Laurence.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Labour markets; Income inequality; Inequality of nations; Labour mobility; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90516

Effects of Market Reforms in the Former Soviet Union on World Grain Trade: Results From A Multi-Market Wheat Trade Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leetmaa,   Susan E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50843

Marktintegration ohne Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik: Auswirkungen einer Einbeziehung von Agrarprodukten in die Zollunion mit der EU auf den türkischen Agrarsektor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grethe,   Harald.
Turkey entered a customs union (CU) with the EU in January 1996. Agricultural trade is not covered by this CU but it is subject to extensive preferential trade rules. In this article, the effects of an inclusion of agricultural products in the CU as well as alternative policy options on the Turkish agricultural sector are analysed. To this aim, a comparative-static, partial equilibrium model of the Turkish agricultural sector is developed. The complete liberalization of the agricultural sector is found to lead to significant comparative static welfare gains of about €670 million as compared to the status quo. It appears that for most products, with few but significant exceptions, the inclusion of agriculture in the CU with the EU is very similar to the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Turkey; Customs union; Integration of agricultural markets; CAP; Agricultural sector model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97455

AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF THE MARKET FOR FRESH NEW ENGLAND GROUNDFISH WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ROLE OF CANADIAN IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Felixson,   Tryggvi; Allen,   P. Geoffrey; Storey,   David A.
Most econometric studies of the groundfish sector have suggested that either imports are not sensitive to U.S. prices, or that domestic prices are not much affected by imports, or both.  Using a six equation model of the domestic fresh groundfish market we obtained contrasting results.  For example, a 5.82 percent tariff of the type proposed by the U.S. International Trade Commission in 1986 would, if it applied to both whole fish and fillets, lower imports of fresh fish 3.7 percent and raise domestic ex-vessel prices 2.6 percent in the long run.  The main reasons for the different results appear to be our inclusion of exchange rate effects and a more accurate measure of total fresh imports.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28889

Trade Liberalization in International Dairy Markets: Estimated Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langley,   Suchada V.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Normile,   Mary Anne.
A partial-equilibrium, multiple-commodity, multiregion model of agricultural policy and trade is used to simulate the effects of changes in domestic and trade policy on dairy production, consumption, prices, and trade. Simulations using the ERS-Penn State Trade model analyze the effects of separately and concurrently relaxing domestic income and price supports, and import restrictions and export subsidies, with special attention to tariff-rate and milk production quotas. Modeling results indicate that liberalization would reduce world dairy product supplies and increase the value of dairy trade.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy markets; Dairy policy; Trade models; Global liberalization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7214

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN DISPUTES OVER TRADE REMEDY AND RELATED MEASURES IN AGRICULTURE, WITH EXAMPLES FROM RECENT CASES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumner,   Daniel A.; Barichello,   Richard R.; Paggi,   Mechel S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15845

TOWARDS MORE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE COCOA TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Philip C.
Cocoa is a classic Third World cash crop.  It is produced mostly by small, poor farmers in Africa, while its products - chocolate and sun tan oil - are consumed by rich consumers in North America and Europe.  A few West African economies are highly dependent on foreign exchange earned from cocoa sales.  It has therefore been targeted by Oxfam's Fair Trade initiative, and IITA's Sustainable Tree Crops Program (STCP) is launching an effort of become more aligned with consumer's social preferences. The most obvious dimension to addressing consumer demand for cocoa products is to insure provision of high quality products, which has become problematic since structural adjustment programs have dismantled the African parastatals governing cocoa production and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14603

Tariffs with dynamic supply response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
This paper studies the optimal tariff in a dynamic framework. The effects of the supplier's rationality and of the type of strategy available to the importer are discussed. With rational sellers, the optimal tariff is dynamically inconsistent; the consistent tariff is extremely myopic and may be worse than free trade for the importer. The paper concentrates on the case in which the traded good is a reproducible commodity. This is compared to the situation in which the traded good is a nonrenewable resource. The plausibility of the consistent equilibrium, in the absence of binding commitments, is discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6122

Gains from Trade Liberalization with Imperfectly Competitive World Markets. A Note.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
The paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation of the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The analytical framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are considered. In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus by intervening in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of a private firm playing the role of "pure middleman" in the world market. Then the case of a producer-owned marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown that under all three scenarios, if perfect competition is assumed when market imperfections exist, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Imperfect markets; Monopoly; Monopsony; Marketing board; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24971

Agriculture in the Uruguay Round: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrey,   L.A.; Johnson,   R.W.M.
In this paper the sanitary measures for the meat trade in Pacific Rim countries are assessed from the perspective of the current GATT negotiations on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. These negotiations include harmonisation of standards, greater transparency of domestic technical regulations, better risk assessment, promoting area freedom and improved dispute settlement procedures. It is concluded that greater coordination of SPS measures can overcome the potential misuse of some domestic policy sanitary instruments that impede international agricultural trade.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9626

TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR U.S. PROCESSED FOOD FIRMS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Vickner,   Steven S.
This research examines the relationship between U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports of processed foods to China and identifies management strategies to enhance U.S. competitiveness.  Two-stage least-squares empirical econometric results from a simultaneous equation system indicate that there exists a strong complementary relationship between U.S exports and FDI into China.  Therefore, the appropriate managerial strategy to access Chinese processed foods markets is to increase overall business activity, both FDI and exports into China.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34207

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamamoto,   Yasutaka; Sawauchi,   Daisuke; Masuda,   Kiyotaka.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture?  In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database.  The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well.  The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

The International Trends in Plant Variety Protection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   Chittur S.
This paper examines international trends in plant variety protection, a form of intellectual property rights for plant varieties akin to patents. The TRIPs Agreement under the WTO has given a strong impetus for the universalisation of plant variety protection regimes with common standards of protection across countries. This paper argues that developed and developing countries are likely to adopt widely divergent approaches to the development of intellectual property rights for plant varieties. The special features of plant variety protection constrain the appropriability of economic returns from protected plant varieties. Consequently, in developed countries PVP is being seen as a relatively weak intellectual property right instrument. As stronger forms...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; Plant Variety Protection; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110134

The Impacts of U.S. Cotton Programs on the World Market: An Analysis of Brazilian and African WTO Petitions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Ethridge,   Don E.; Fadiga,   Mohamadou L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31254

ECONOMIC IMPACT EVALUATION OF GLOBAL MARKETING SUPPORT SERVICES - AN EXPORTS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ON THE ECONOMY OF ARKANSAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Upendram,   Sreedhar; LaFerney,   Preston E.; Miller,   Wayne P.; Popp,   Jennie S. Hughes; Rainey,   Daniel V.
This study determines the impact of Global Marketing Support Services (GMSS) - an exports assistance program in assisting 13 small and medium sized businesses to export. The total impact of exports (direct, indirect and induced effects) on added value, employment, labor income and tax impacts in Arkansas are estimated using Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34622

The Integration of Tomato Markets in Ghana with and without Direct Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ihle,   Rico; Amikuzuno,   Joseph.
Spatial market equilibrium theory views trade flow as the driving force behind market integration. We assess spatial price transmission between domestic tomato markets in Ghana to ascertain whether spatial price transmission veritably depends on direct trade between markets, or whether other forces drive market integration. We analyze a unique data set on tomato trade consisting of semi-weekly price and trade flow data for the five most important Ghanaian markets for fresh tomato, which represents one of the most important commercially produced and consumed vegetables in the country. A regime-dependent vector error correction model is proposed to investigate this question, and the results are compared with those of a linear vector error correction model....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Keywords— spatial market integration; Regime-dependent vector error correction model; Information flow; Ghana; Tomato.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; JEL: C32; Q11; Q13; F14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51402

Recession, International Trade and the Fallacies of Composition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
A truly global recession has not been manifest since the Great Depression of the 1930s. As a result, the multilateral institutions put in place at the end of the Second World War to ensure that a major depression never happened again have not been tested. One of the lessons of the Great Depression was that governments had a major role to play in managing the economy. The use of subsidies to affect economic outcomes was one manifestation of this expanded role. In a recession, sector specific subsidies will likely be requested by firms. Subsidies can distort trade, leading to the potential for beggar thy neighbour subsidy wars. Subsidies will be difficult to discipline in a global recession.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beggar thy neighbour; Deficits; Paradox of thrift; Recession; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48788

The Future of Trade Preferences for Sugar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25143

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blandford,   David; Gaasland,   Ivar; Vardal,   Erling.
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91261

Sustainability Impact Assessment of World Trade Negotiations: Current Practice and Lessons for Further Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) is an increasingly accepted form of strategic impact assessment, and has recently been adopted, for example, as the preferred method of ex ante policy assessment in the European Community. A methodology for SIA for application to international trade policy measures was developed by IDPM in 1999, and since then has been used in conducting an ongoing SIA study of the WTO trade negotiations agenda. This paper will review the past four years' experience in carrying out SIA of trade policy, and will identify the main difficulties and challenges that have arisen in its application. The main lessons for the further development of the methodology will then be discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30587

Developing Country Agriculture in the Uruguay Round: What the North Might Miss
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mabbs-Zeno,   Carl C.; Ballenger,   Nicole.
The Uruguay Round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) may draw agriculture into an unprecedented global liberalization process. If developed nations write the agenda for these negotiations and direct the research on economic effects of liberalization, they are likely to underplay several impacts which fall primarily on LDC's. This paper identifies several ways in which the history, structure, or economic power of LDC's precipitate different consequences from liberalization than would arise in developed nations. These points ought to be recognized at the GATT both because the negotiations will affect their resolution and because they will affect the coalitions and compromises LDC's bring to the GATT.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51245

CHANGING FISH TRADE AND DEMAND PATTERNS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR POLICY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.; Courbois,   Claude B.
Trends for major fisheries products are evaluated for the past two decades, using aggregate annual data. Major changes have been propelled by income growth, changes in preferences and health concerns about meat in developed countries, leading to increased consumption of high-valued fisheries items such as shell and filet fish. Developing countries, especially East Asia, are rapidly increasing consumption of lower valued fishery items, and fish-culture is becoming an increasingly important source of food and exports. Developed countries accounted for 85 percent of net world fish imports in 1994, mostly at the high end of the value spectrum, from about twenty countries. In the ten years preceding 1993, the net value of fisheries exports from developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91857

U.S. Farm Policy and the WTO: How Do They Match Up?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The debate over a new farm bill has focused on how to spend an additional $73.5 billion in funding for the agricultural budget over ten years. The House of Representatives, the Senate Agriculture Committee, and Senators Cochran and Roberts (supported by the Bush Administration) have each proposed a structure for the next farm bill. A critical question becomes whether these proposals conflict with U.S. commitments to limit subsidies under the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. This paper explores this issue and concludes with a discussion of the future direction of U.S. farm subsidies and new WTO agreements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Domestic support; Trade commitments; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23915

Developments In World Dairy Markets, 2002-2006--Implications For The U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This discussion paper summarizes important points from other Babcock Institute discussion papers dating between 2002 and 2006.  The author pulls out points from what he feels are important discussion papers and relates them to the U.S. dairy industry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diary Trade Issues; Country Study Issues; Developments in the Diary Industries of Mexico Argentina and Brazil; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37384

TESTING FOR AGGREGATION AND SIMULTANEOUS BIAS IN U.S. SOYBEAN EXPORT EQUATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnade,   Carlos Anthony; Davison,   Cecil W.
Most previous estimates of elasticities of export demand for U.S. soybeans have emanated from single import equations subject to aggregation and simultaneous equation bias. This analysis tests U.S. soybean export data for aggregation and simultaneous equation bias and divides the aggregated data into six market equations to reduce these biases. Elasticity estimates from the six equations are compared with elasticity estimates from single equation OLS and 2SLS estimations using the same aggregate data. Results suggest that distortions from unjustified 2SLS estimation may exceed those from aggregation bias.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30112

LIBERAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE AS A PUBLIC GOOD: FREE TRADE VERSUS FREE RIDING UNDER GATT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; von Witzke,   Harald; Thompson,   Shelley.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13635

COMPETITION POLICY, TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robertson,   Gerald; Stanbury,   W.T.; Kofler,   Gernot; Montelro,   Joseph.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16900

Reform in the EU Sugar Regime: Impact on the Global Sugar Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huan-Niemi,   Ellen; Kerkela,   Leena.
The ongoing trade negotiations, unilateral trade concessions and obligations under the WTO are pushing the EU sugar regime to undertake reforms. These reforms will alter the positions of developing countries in the global sugar markets. A complete unilateral liberalisation of the EU sugar sector is simulated to depict the winners and losers in the global sugar markets if no preferences are governing the imports of sugar into the EU. The supply responses, which strongly affect the outcomes, are dependent on both the nature of substitution for sugar as well as on the efficiency of sugar production in different countries. The multiregion general equilibrium framework (GTAP) is used for this analysis. The results show that the total liberalisation of sugar...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU sugar regime; Reform; Developing countries; Unilateral liberalisation; GTAP; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; E17; F17; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24733

Conversion from Staple to Cash Crop Production in Mexico After NAFTA: Effects of PROCAMPO and Credit Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Joanne; Baylis,   Katherine R.; Barton,   Jason.
In this paper, we ask whether PROCAMPO helped Mexican agricultural producers benefit from NAFTA. Specifically, we explore the effect of these decoupled income payments (PROCAMPO) on producers’ ability to switch to cash crop production, and whether these payments help alleviate credit constraints for poorer producers. Given that WTO negotiations are currently stalled in part because of the trade concerns of developing nations, exploring the constraints that small producers face and whether decoupled subsidies can assist those producers in benefiting from new markets is important. Unlike previous studies, who concentrated on specific regions and ejidal lands, we use nationwide county-level data, which allows for us to see the regional distribution of change...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; PROCAMPO; Credit Constraint; Mexico; Staple production; Crop choice; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61525

Measuring the Effects of Trade Liberalization: Multilevel Analysis Tool for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerard,   Francoise; Marty,   Isabelle; Lancon,   Frederic; Versapuech,   Marion.
This book is the product of the projects "Farmers' Strategies Regarding Agricultural Diversification" (1993-1995) and "Agricultural Diversification and Food Crop Trade: Their Implications to Agricultural Policies in Southeast Asia" (1994-1996), both supported by CIRAD and the Government of France. It describes the first project attempting to apply the MATA methodology in a country like Indonesia. As constructed, the Multilevel Analysis Tool for Agriculture is able to answer various policy questions and gives the opportunity to users to make intensive simulations by themselves.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Simulation models; Economic analysis; Trade liberalization; Agriculture; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32721

CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCES, CREDENCE GOODS AND THE WTO SPS AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacLaren,   Donald.
The SPS Agreement in the WTO exists to regulate the use of import barriers to protect, inter alia, human health. Yet consumers’ preferences for food safety or for other information about food, play no part in the Agreement. The purpose in this paper is to argue that consumers’ preferences should be taken into account for food products which possess the credence characteristic, quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57915

Using the Logistic Functional Form for Modelling International Price Transmission in Net Trade Simulation Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banse,   Martin; Grethe,   Harald.
Various reasons including cif/fob spread, differing political price protection depending on the net trade situation, and domestic transportation cost contribute to situations in which domestic prices are different in an exporting compared to an importing situation. Net trade models that take these differences into account must somehow deal with the problem of products that are not exported at the export-based price, because it is too low, and are not imported at the import-based price, because it is too high. In such a case, the equilibrium price lies somewhere between the export- and the import-based price. This paper presents the application of the Logistic functional form for depicting price transmission from international to domestic prices in the net...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Net trade models; Tariff rate quotas; Export subsidies; EU beef market; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25344

The Effects of Alternative Proposals for Agricultural Export Subsidies in the Current WTO Round: Technical Annex
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforti,   Piero; Velazquez,   Beatriz E.
This document is the technical annex to the full paper "The Effects of Alternative Proposals for Agricultural Export Subsidies in the Current WTO Round" which is available separately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23850

The Case For and Against Import Embargoes on Products of Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.; Chui-Ha,   Carol Lau.
This article examines alternative trade policy responses available to an importing country with concerns over innovations in biotechnology. Regardless of the policy response, the importing country may be worse off after a new genetically modified food (GMF) is introduced. While an import embargo may be preferable to allowing free access to unlabelled GMF imports, permitting labelled imports is typically superior to an embargo. Thus, import embargoes on products of biotechnology should not be generally allowed. The paper provides surprising support for the existing WTO provisions on Technical Barriers to Trade, but suggests significant potential problems with the recently negotiated Biosafety Protocol.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Biotechnology; Genetically modified foods; Import embargo; Labelling; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23832

ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF BEEF IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IN THE US IMPORT MARKET: REPLY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambers,   Robert G.; Just,   Richard E.; Moffitt,   L. Joe; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22709

WTO COMPATIBILITY OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) imposed significant constraints on domestic farm policy in the three North American countries, as it did in other parts of the developed world.  This paper considers the nature of those constraints, the compatibility of recent policy changes with the letter and the spirit of the URAA, and the position taken by the three North American countries in the agricultural component of the current Doha round of negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO).  Some tentative conclusions are reached on the impact that agreement on a package similar to that contained in the recent Harbinson draft text would have on the agricultural policies of Canada, Mexico and the US.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16809

FLOATING EXCHANGE RATES, INTERNATIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE, AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
I would like to divide my comments into four parts: (1) a discussion of flexible exchange rates and economic independence; (2) an analysis of macroeconomic policy with flexible exchange rates and an international capital market; (3) an analysis of macroeconomic policy and agriculture; and (4) a discussion of some of the implications for agricultural policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13434

ISSUES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF TARIFF-RATE IMPORT QUOTAS IN THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WTO: AN INTRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31331

Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Poverty in Tunisia: Micro-simulation in a General Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemingui,   Mohamed Abdelbasset; Thabet,   Chokri.
The study tries to answer the following questions: Will exposure to world agricultural prices generate more poverty or less? To what extent will households be affected by changes in agricultural trade polices? Do multilateral agricultural liberalization matter more than bilateral changes? Results of simulations using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked to household survey data suggest that trade liberalization has only modest effects on the level of GDP, but it has a substantial effect in reducing poverty. Moreover, the combined effects of global and domestic liberalization are more pro-poor than the effect of domestic liberalization alone. As a net importer of agricultural commodities, Tunisia may be expected to experience terms-oftrade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tunisia; Agricultural trade liberalization; Poverty; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44466

ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF BEEF IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IN THE US IMPORT MARKET: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   William J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22704

From Dayton to Brussels: A Presentation of the Balkan's Status Quo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baourakis,   George; Lakatos,   Csilla; Xepapadeas,   Anastasios.
Associating the Balkans with "backwardness" is highly common in specialty literature.  However, more recently - ten years after the Dayton Peace Agreement - a new paradigm is dominating discussions about the future of the Balkans: a possible EU membership for the countries of the region.  This paper presents a detailed analysis of the current economic situation in the Balkans with emphasis on the EU's policy towards the region.  The launch of the Stabilization and Association Process for the Western Balkans with its main instruments concerning trade liberalization and financial assistance reflects an obvious political will to  reduce the "backlog" of the region.  The accession of Bulgaria and Romania is a matter of "when" not a matter of "if".  An...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18865

Lewis Beckford Memorial Lecture: Caribbean Economic Development in the Post Washington Consensus Period
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blake,   Byron W.
These musings led me to the topic “Caribbean economic development in the post Washington consensus period”.  While much of the presentation will relate to the English-speaking Caribbean, and more particularly the member states of the Caribbean community, we are acutely aware that both Lewis and Beckford had a much broader concept of the Caribbean and their influence has been much wider.  We have structured the presentation in five parts as follows: I. A brief background II. Brief notes on Lewis and Beckford III. A summary view of the Washington consensus IV. Recent Caribbean economic performance; and V. Some pointers to the future of the Caribbean through Lewis/Beckford lenses
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Lewis Beckford; Sir Arthur Lewis; Caribbean development; Washington consensus; CARICOM countries; Negotiations; Sugar; Banana; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36921

Imports From China and Food Safety Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gale,   H. Frederick, Jr.; Buzby,   Jean C.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) increased attention to food imports from China is an indicator of safety concerns as imported food becomes more common in the United States. U.S. food imports from China more than tripled in value between 2001 and 2008. Addressing safety risks associated with these imports is difficult because of the vast array of products from China, China’s weak enforcement of food safety standards, its heavy use of agricultural chemicals, and its considerable environmental pollution. FDA import refusal data highlight food safety problems that appear to recur in trade and where FDA has focused its import alerts and monitoring efforts. FDA refusals of food shipments from China suggest recurring problems with “filth,” unsafe...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: China; Food imports; Food safety; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FDA; Misbranding; Labeling; Refusals; Shipment; Violation.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58620

SOME MARKETING CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES TO EXPORT PROCESSED FOOD IN LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torrealba M.,   J. Pablo.
One of the major obstacles to the development of most Latin American countries has been the concentration of exports in a few agricultural commodities which have had unstable prices in world markets.  Furthermore prices for these agricultural products have been declining relative to the prices of the goods imported in this region.  Consequently, there have been sharp fluctuations in the foreign exchange earnings and increasing difficulty in obtaining the imports needed to sustain satisfactory rates of economic development.  Many countries facing this situation are making an effort to diversify their export bases.  One of the possible means of attaining diversification is through the development of an export-oriented food processing industry or sector....
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10984

TOBIT ESTIMATION OF THE INTENSITY OF EXPORT SUCCESS OF HORTICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN GHANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agyei-Sasu,   Felix; Egyir,   Irene Susana.
Purpose- The issue of export success and the ability to sustain oneself in international horticultural markets have become more critical in the recent global and economic downturn because of its significance to the economy and to actors in the horticultural export chain. The extent of success is even much critical for enterprises. Therefore this study establishes the factors which influence the intensity of export success which measures the extent of export success. Design- Primary data were collected from 52 managers and representatives of horticultural exporting firms through a semi-structured questionnaire. The tobit model was used to estimate the intensity of export success by horticultural enterprises in Ghana. Findings- The result indicates that,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tobit; Export success; Horticulture; Enterprises; Ghana; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97071

"Sustainable" Economic Growth: The Ominous Potency of Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
This paper explores the conditions for sustainable development through two models of economic growth that elucidates two extremes; an open economy with constant prices, and a closed economy with endogenous prices. Sustainable development is easier to achieve in the case of the former than the latter. A closed economy requires a high degree of flexibility of its consumers, with an elasticity of substitution of clean goods substantially above 1 in order to achieve sustainable development. Three mechanisms have to work in tandem: the technique, composition, and growth-limit effects. In contrast, the open economy requires no flexibility on the part of its consumers and may achieve sustainable development through only one mechanism – the composition effect. For...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46592

Issues in examining the impact of WTO reform on the Beef and Dairy Sectors in the European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binfield,   Julian C.R.; Donnellan,   Trevor; Hanrahan,   Kevin F.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
This paper uses a partial equilibrium commodity model of the EU agricultural market to examine the impact on the EU of two possible trade reform scenarios that could emerge under a World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement. It explores the potential outcome up to 2017 under these scenarios, against a 2008 Baseline where trade policies are unchanged.  A particular feature of the paper is that it explores the issue of sensitive product designation in some detail. It demonstrates the complexity of the operation of tariffs and tariff rate quotas in key commodity markets and highlights how these complexities may produce different outcomes for particular commodity sectors.  It is found that sensitive product designation is of value to the EU beef sector in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Agriculture in International Trade Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51752

U.S. Dairy Trade Situation and Outlook: 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91363

Measuring the Impact of Dockage on Foreign Demand for U.S. Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23172

An Overview of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dewolf,   Kenneth G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60027

Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460

Costs and Benefits of a WTO Dispute: Philippine Bananas and the Australian Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Javelosa,   Josyline C.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
Why do governments engage in WTO disputes? What can countries expect to gain from international legal trade battles? This article examines the costs and benefits of the Philippine-Australian dispute regarding Australia's quarantine policy on Philippine fresh fruits and vegetables, a case also of keen interest to a number of countries including those in the European Union, the United States, Canada, Ecuador, Thailand, China, India, and Chile. We find that a host of institutional, political, and economic factors can trigger disputes under strong, yet debatable, expectations over winning a case in the WTO.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Cost-benefit analysis; Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; Trade disputes; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23824

United States Trade Flows for Selected Categories of Specialty Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lowe,   Garfield G.; Davis,   Carlton George; Kilmer,   Richard L.
Nationally, Florida ranked second in farm cash receipt from all crops and second, based on value, in vegetable production (USDA, 2003). It also ranked fourteenth out of all the states with respect to agricultural exports with its top exports, fruits and vegetables, falling within the category of specialty crops. According to the USDA (2003), Florida's agricultural exports helped to boost farm prices and income and supported approximately 17,000 jobs both on and off farm in 2001. As such, its agricultural exports are important to Florida's agricultural and statewide economy. From a Florida farm cash receipts perspective, increased imports could undermine revenue earnings from specialty crop production, especially if there is not a comparable growth in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15706

REMARKS: "MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTING"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schumacher,   August, Jr.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33248

GRAIN QUALITY AND NORTH AMERICAN HARD WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Past debate on competition and quality in international wheat markets has focused on class and country of origin as the salient source of differentiation. This study analyzes changes in demand for both wheat classes and grades. Comparisons are made between Canadian and U.S. hard wheats, principal competitors in the hard wheat market. Both countries are dominant producers of Hard Red Spring Wheat (HRS in the United States and Canadian Western Red Spring [CWRS] in Canada); the United States is the dominant producer of Hard Red Winter (HRW); and both countries are large producers of durum (Hard Amber Durum [HAD] in the United States and Canadian Western Amber Durum [CWAD] in Canada). Due to the indigenous similarities among these wheats, the competitive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain quality; Wheat exports; Wheat markets; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q1.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29249

WHAT CAN AGRICULTURE HOPE TO ACHIEVE FROM THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Rita Derrick.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33063

GAUGING THE RECENT EFFECTS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson,   Gary D.; Cepeda,   Ricardo Cavazos.
The impacts of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on North American trade are described and analyzed using a variant of a gravity model.  Controlling for the effects of real gross domestic product (GDP) and real exchange rates, the impacts of NAFTA on trade flows are statistically significant and positive in all but one case.  Growth in real GDP has contributed to positive trade flows while real exchange rates have also affected trade flows in statistically discernible ways.  In general, manufactured goods as well as machinery and transport equipment have benefited most from NAFTA while agricultural products have displayed less dynamic growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27632

TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE'S TERMS OF EXCHANGE and DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Jack Neville; Gutman,   G.O.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22473

The application of spatial models in the analysis of bilateral trade flows: An alternative to the Armington approach for the world sugar market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolte,   Stephan.
This paper suggests spatial models as an alternative to the Armington approach to model bilateral trade. While the use of spatial models has been accepted for decades, they are rarely chosen for such analyses. However, problems inherent in the application of the Armington approach can be overcome through the use of spatial models. To demonstrate, a simple spatial model of the world sugar market is built and used to simulate a multilateral liberalization scenario. Additionally, an identical model is constructed, applying the Armington approach. The results of the spatial model of the sugar market are found to be more plausible than those generated by the Armington-based model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral trade; Trade preferences; Partial equilibrium models; Armington approach; Sugar; International Relations/Trade; F11; F15; C69.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10288

THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INCOME INEQUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bussmann,   Margit; de Soysa,   Indra; Oneal,   John R.
In this paper, we assess the effect of globalization on the distribution of income within countries, focussing on the influence of foreign direct investment. We analyze data for 72 countries, 1970-90. We incorporate in our tests the Kuznets (1955) curve, measures of the character of political institutions, and various aspects of the economy and society that have been emphasized in recent research. Our results are easy to summarize. Globalization has little effect on income inequality within countries. The ratio of foreign direct investment stock to gross domestic product is unrelated to the distribution of income. Income inequality in developing and developed countries is unaffected by the presence of multinational corporations. Nor are alternative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18718

Perspectivas Preliminares dos Comerciantes Rurais Sobre a Presente Campanha de Comercialização na Zona Norte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Ana Paula; Paulo,   Antonio M.; Abdula,   Danilo Carimo; Arlindo,   Pedro; Nhane,   Simao C.
Resultados das investigações do SIMA-Dest e Departamento de Análise de Políticas MADER-Direcção de Economía
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; International Relations/Trade; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55221

Costs of Overcoming Market Entry Constraints to Uganda's Export-Led Growth Strategy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nichodemus,   Rudaheranwa; Madina,   Guloba; Nabiddo,   Winnie.
Uganda's export sector has experienced tremendous growth over the last two decades...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Exports; Trade commodities; EPRC; Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/148959

MEETING COMPETITION IN FOREIGN MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pearce,   William R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17006

The Effects of Exchange Rates and Commercial Policy in Agricultural Incentives in Colombia: 1953-1978
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Garcia,   Jorge.
Agricultural price policy is a widely recognized overt means of influencing agricultural production incentives, but its effects are complex. A number of researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) have examined the interplay between production incentives and consumer burdens, both in static and dynamic environments. Raisuddin Ahmed, P.S George, Shubh Kumar, James Gavan, and Indrani Sri Chandrasekera have each treated particular aspects of these producers and consumer price effects in recent IFPRI publications. Work on the other aspect is under way.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and State; Colombia; Commercial Policy; Foreign Exchange Administration; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42581

Developing Countries in Multilateral Trade Negotiations: What Stands in the Way of a Trade Agreement? (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tutwiler,   M. Ann.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50568

Quality Standards for Food Products - A Particular Burden for Small Producers in Developing Countries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemnitz,   Christine; Grethe,   Harald; Kleinwechter,   Ulrich.
This paper develops an analytical framework which structures the problem of whether, how and to what extent small producers in developing countries are disadvantaged by the increasing prevalence of food quality standards. Based on a literature review, the empirical evidence is structured and research gaps are identified. The paper finds that small and medium producers rarely comply without support from downstream actors. In case of well-educated and relatively wealthy farmers, forward integration is also found. No empirical support exists for the intuitively appealing hypothesis of a lower cost of compliance per unit of output for large producers
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7926

OPEN REGIONALISM IN APEC: IMPACTS ON U.S. AGRICULTURE AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coyle,   William T.; Wang,   Zhi.
APEC's "open regionalism" calls for free-trade in APEC but with benefits also accruing to non-APEC members.  This study shows that "open regionalism" provides strong incentives for non-APEC economies to also liberalize their policies to maintain competitiveness.  Inclusion of agriculture is critical to total U.S. welfare gains because of current high protection rates in East Asia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20981

COMPARING MEASURES OF COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus; Hartmann,   Monika.
In their Europe Agreements with the EU, the Central and Eastern European countries stated their intention of joining the Union. To ease the process of accession these countries must adjust their economies already prior to becoming an EU-member. Agriculture requires special attention, because it still represents a large share of the total economy in these countries. A better understanding of the competitiveness of agricultural products at domestic and EU markets is essential for providing the necessary economic framework to make the process of joining the EU as smooth as possible. Competitiveness can be analyzed at various levels of the economy: at the enterprise level, the sector level, or the level of the entire economy. Several measures exist for each of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14879

Agriculture and macro-economic reforms in Zimbabwe: a political-economy perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muir-Leresche,   Kay.
"August 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture -- Economic aspects; Macroeconomics; Zimbabwe -- Economic policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97551

IMPLEMENTING BILATERAL TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN GTAP USING GEMPACK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Pearson,   Ken.
xplicit modeling of tariff rate quotas (TRQs) is important in the current World Trade Organization negotiations. In order to do such modeling with GTAP, extra data is required and extra equations must be added to the model. This paper provides tools for assisting modelers to carry out explicit modeling of bilateral tariff rate quotas in GTAP using GEMPACK.   The paper describes how the extra data for sugar TRQ applications was obtained and reconciled with the standard GTAP data. Supplied with the paper is a TABLO Input file TRQDATA.TAB which others can use for reconciling their TRQ data with the usual GTAP data.   Supplied with the paper is a module which can be added to the standard TABLO Input files for GTAP. This module contains the extra equations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28715

Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David; Blandford,   David; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper focuses on the political economy of U.S. farm policy since the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the WTO. The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the United States to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha Round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; United States farm policies; Political economy of agricultural distortions; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13; P22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50297

Export Performance in South Pacific Countries Marginally Endowed with Natural Resources: Samoa and Tonga, 1960 to 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Blowes,   Anita.
Stochastic dominance analysis was used to assess export performance in two Polynesian countries of similar size and structure that are both marginally endowed with natural resources: Samoa and Tonga. In general, total and agricultural export values declined over the study period in both countries, brought about by a significant decline in the value of agricultural exports while non- agricultural exports showed small increases. The one exception to this trend was in Tonga during the 1990s when squash exports brought about a revival in agricultural export values.  Results suggest that these countries are likely to struggle to achieve sustainable economic development, given their limited natural resource endowments. The fisheries sector holds the key to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export performance; Stochastic dominance; Samoa; Tonga; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12942