Consulta: subjectFacets:"Latin America"
Registros recuperados: 117
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 05:19:38

Identifying Areas for Field Conservation of Forages in Latin American Disturbed Environments
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peters, Michael; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); m.peters-ciat@cgiar.org; Hyman, Glenn; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); g.hyman@cgiar.org; Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); p.jones@cgiar.org.
This paper uses the spatial analysis tools DIVA and FloraMap to identify potential areas for the in situ conservation of a set of 10 forage species. We introduce the idea of roadside verges as conservation areas and discuss the risks and opportunities of two potential scenarios for conservation. These are the introduction of mass reservoirs outside of the original areas of collection and conservation inside the area of origin. Four potential areas for in situ conservation in Latin America are identified. Although more detailed studies using remote sensing, soil information, and field reconnaissance will be necessary for a final assessment of the suggested areas as field conservation sites, we discuss the possibilities of establishing low-maintenance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Distribution; DIVA; FloraMap; Forages; Germplasm; Latin America; Legumes; Roadside; Spatial analysis; Verges.
Ano: 2005

The Social and Environmental Impacts of Biofuel Feedstock Cultivation: Evidence from Multi-Site Research in the Forest Frontier
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: German, Laura; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); L.GERMAN@cgiar.org; Schoneveld , George  C.; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); G.Schoneveld@cgiar.org; Pacheco, Pablo; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); p.pacheco@cgiar.org.
Preoccupation with global energy supplies and climate change in the global North, and a desire to improve the balance of trade and capture value in the emerging carbon market by developing countries, together place biofuels firmly on the map of global land use change. Much of this recent land use change is occurring in developing countries where large agro-ecologically suitable tracts of land may be accessed at lower economic and opportunity cost. This is leading to the gradual penetration of commercial crops that provide suitable biofuel feedstocks (e.g., sugarcane, soybean, oil palm, jatropha) into rural communities and forested landscapes throughout many areas of the global South.   Expansion of biofuel feedstock cultivation in developing countries is...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Biofuels; Environmental impacts; Forest frontier; Latin America; Social impacts; Southeast Asia.
Ano: 2011

The Contributions of Regional Knowledge Networks Researching Environmental Changes in Latin America and Africa: a Synthesis of what they can do and why they can be policy relevant
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lahsen, Myanna; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; myanna@sir.inpe.br; Swap, Robert; University of Virginia; swapper@virginia.edu; McNie, Elizabeth; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; emcnie@gmail.com; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; jean.ometto@inpe.br; Schor, Tatiana; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tiessen, Holm; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; htiessen@dir.iai.int; Andelman, Sandy; Conservation International; sandelman@conservation.org; Annegarn, Harold; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa; hannegarn@gmail.com.
We provide a synthesis of what regional scientific research networks in less developed regions of the world can do and why they might be relevant for societal decisions and practice. We do so through a focus on three regional science network initiatives that aim to enhance understanding of the multiscalar dynamics of global environmental change (GEC) regionally and globally, namely the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change (IAI).  With a view to aiding future efforts at regional research network formation, we assess whether and how these three networks enhanced regional science, and the extent to which they sought and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Capacity building; Global change; Latin America; Scientific research networks.
Ano: 2013

Impacts of Unsustainable Mahogany Logging in Bolivia and Peru
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kometter, Roberto F; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; kometter@lamolina01.lamolina.edu.pe; Martinez, Martha; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.martinez@conservation.org; Blundell, Arthur G; EGAT Forest Team, USAID; art.blundell@alum.dartmouth.org; Gullison, Raymond E; Hardner &amp; Gullison Associates; ted@hg-llc.com; Steininger, Marc K; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; m.steininger@conservation.org; Rice, Richard E; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; d.rice@conservation.org.
Although bigleaf mahogany [Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)] is the premier timber species of Latin America, its exploitation is unsustainable because of a pattern of local depletion and shifting supply. We surveyed experts on the status of mahogany in Bolivia and Peru, the world's past and present largest exporters. Bolivia no longer has commercially viable mahogany (trees &amp;gt; 60 cm diameter at breast height) across 79% of its range. In Peru, mahogany's range has shrunk by 50%, and, within a decade, a further 28% will be logged out. Approximately 15% of the mahogany range in these two countries is protected, but low densities and illegal logging mean that this overestimates the extent of mahogany under protection. The international community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Bolivia; Latin America; Peru; Expert survey; Forest conservation; Forest inventories; Forest regeneration; Mahogany; Protected areas; Questionnaire; Range; Sustainable forestry.
Ano: 2004

Conservation and Development in Latin America and Southern Africa: Setting the Stage
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Romero, Claudia; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; romero@ufl.edu; Athayde, Simone; Tropical Conservation and Development Program and Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; simonea@ufl.edu; Collomb, Jean-Gael E.; Wildlife Conservation Network; jgcollomb@gmail.com; DiGiano, Maria; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; marimardig@mac.com; Schmink, Marianne; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida.; schmink@LATAM.UFL.EDU; Schramski, Sam; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; schramski@ufl.edu; Seales, Lisa; Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida; lisaseal@ufl.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Complex social-ecological systems; Conservation; Development; Knowledge networks; Local institutions; Economic incentives; Latin America.
Ano: 2012

Unintended outcomes of farmers&amp;#8217; adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Rodriguez-Solorzano, Claudia; Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University; crsolorzano@mac.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate adaptation; Governance; Institutions; Land-use change; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2014

The Social Dimensions of Sustainability and Change in Diversified Farming Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Bacon, Christopher M; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University; cbacon@scu.edu; Getz, Christy; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; cgetz@berkeley.edu; Kraus, Sibella ; President Sustainable Agriculture Education (SAGE); sibella@sagecenter.org; Montenegro, Maywa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley ; maywa@berkeley.edu; Holland, Kaelin; Department of Environmental Studies &amp; Sciences, Santa Clara University ; holland.kaelin@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural parks; Central Valley; Latin America; Organic certification; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2012

Globalization and Land-Use Transitions in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Grau, H. Ricardo; Universidad Nacional de Tucuman; CONICET; chilograu@gmail.com; Aide, Mitchell; University of Puerto Rico; tmaide@yahoo.com.
Current socioeconomic drivers of land-use change associated with globalization are producing two contrasting land-use trends in Latin America. Increasing global food demand (particularly in Southeast Asia) accelerates deforestation in areas suitable for modern agriculture (e.g., soybean), severely threatening ecosystems, such as Amazonian rain forests, dry forests, and subtropical grasslands. Additionally, in the coming decades, demand for biofuels may become an emerging threat. In contrast, high yields in modern agricultural systems and rural&amp;#8211;urban migration coupled with remittances promote the abandonment of marginal agricultural lands, thus favoring ecosystem recovery on mountains, deserts, and areas of poor soils, while improving human...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Deforestation; Ecological transition; Forest transition; Globalization; Land-use change; Latin America.
Ano: 2008

Assessing the Sustainability of Small Farmer Natural Resource Management Systems. A Critical Analysis of the MESMIS Program (1995-2010)
Provedor de dados: 7
Sustainability assessment oriented to improve current systems and practices is urgently needed, particularly in the context of small farmer natural resource management systems (NRMS). Unfortunately, social-ecological systems (SES) theory, sustainability evaluation frameworks, and assessment methods are still foreign not only to farmers but to many researchers, students, NGOs, policy makers/operators, and other interested groups. In this paper we examine the main achievements and challenges of the MESMIS Program (Spanish acronym for Indicator-based Sustainability Assessment Framework), a 15-year ongoing effort with impact in 60 case studies and 20 undergraduate and graduate programs mainly in Ibero-America that is attempting to cope with the stated...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Latin America; Natural resource management; Small farmers; Social-ecological systems; Sustainability assessments.
Ano: 2012

Land-use regime shifts: an analytical framework and agenda for future land-use research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ramankutty, Navin; Liu Institute for Global Issues; Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; navin.ramankutty@ubc.ca; Coomes, Oliver T.; Department of Geography, McGill University; oliver.coomes@mcgill.ca.
A key research frontier in global change research lies in understanding processes of land change to inform predictive models of future land states. We believe that significant advances in the field are hampered by limited attention being paid to critical points of change termed land-use regime shifts. We present an analytical framework for understanding land-use regime shifts. We survey historical events of land change and perform in-depth case studies of soy and shrimp development in Latin America to demonstrate the role of preconditions, triggers, and self-reinforcing processes in driving land-use regime shifts. Whereas the land-use literature demonstrates a good understanding of within-regime dynamics, our understanding of the drivers of land-use regime...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Land-cover change; Land-use change; Latin America; Modeling; Prediction; Regime shifts.
Ano: 2016

Design and Analysis of Conservation Projects in Latin America: an Integrative Approach to Training
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Galindo-Leal, Carlos; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International; C.GALINDO@CONSERVATION.ORG.
The Latin American countries have a disproportionate importance in global biodiversity conservation. Six of the 14 megadiversity countries that house 60&amp;#8211;70% of the species in the world are located on this region. Unfortunately, the number of environmental professionals in Latin America is extremely small. Furthermore, most of them have no postgraduate degrees and are unacquainted with general research methodology and recently developed concepts and tools. In addition, many speak no English and have no way to communicate with colleagues in other parts of the world. In collaboration with Latin American colleagues, universities, government agencies, and nongovernment organizations, I have been developing an integrated field course titled "Design and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Capacity building; Conservation projects; Field courses; Latin America; Project analysis; Project design.
Ano: 2001

The role of cooperation for improved stewardship of marine social-ecological systems in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries are among the worlds&amp;#8217; richest in marine biodiversity. Fish stocks in these regions are important for fishing communities, and fishing activities engage several million people. These fisheries depend on the natural services provided by a diverse range of marine social-ecological systems, but many LAC fisheries are in a degraded state, and concerns about overexploitation are widespread. With most fishery resources fully exploited or overexploited, opportunities for development lie primarily in restoring depleted stocks and using stocks more efficiently. The papers published in the Special Feature &amp;#8220;Cooperation, Local Communities, and Marine Social-Ecological Systems: New Findings from Latin...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cooperation; Latin America; Marine social-ecological systems; Stewardship.
Ano: 2015

Toward Integrated Analysis of Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity: Lessons from Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; Gonzalez-Espinosa, Mario; ECOSUR; mgonzale@ecosur.mx; Huth, Andreas; UFZ; andreas.huth@ufz.de; Premoli, Andrea; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Although sustainable forest management (SFM) has been widely adopted as a policy and management goal, high rates of forest loss and degradation are still occurring in many areas. Human activities such as logging, livestock husbandry, crop cultivation, infrastructural development, and use of fire are causing widespread loss of biodiversity, restricting progress toward SFM. In such situations, there is an urgent need for tools that can provide an integrated assessment of human impacts on forest biodiversity and that can support decision making related to forest use. This paper summarizes the experience gained by an international collaborative research effort spanning more than a decade, focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Environmental modeling; Landscape ecology; Latin America; Spatial analysis; Sustainable forest management.
Ano: 2009

Meanings, drivers, and motivations for community-based conservation in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Schunko, Christoph; Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); christoph.schunko@boku.ac.at; Corbera, Esteve; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Aut&amp;#242;noma de Barcelona; Department of Economics and Economic History, Universitat Aut&amp;#242;noma de Barcelona; esteve.corbera@uab.cat.
Indigenous and rural communities have developed strategies aimed at supporting their livelihoods and protecting biodiversity. Motivational factors underlying these local conservation strategies, however, are still a largely neglected topic. We aimed to enrich the conceptualization of community-based conservation by exploring trigger events and motivations that induce local people to be engaged in practical institutional arrangements for successful natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. By examining the history and development of three community conservation initiatives in Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, we have illustrated and discussed two main ways of understanding community-based conservation from the interaction between extrinsic and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Commons; Governance; Latin America; Protected areas.
Ano: 2015

Conservation narratives in Peru: envisioning biodiversity in sustainable development
Provedor de dados: 7
In the mega-diverse country Peru, a resource intensive development model collides with the interest of conserving biodiversity. Peruvian biodiversity experts have developed different lines of argumentation as to how to integrate conservation into the sustainable development of their country.  Applying grounded theory, I define five groups of conservation narratives based on the analysis of 72 qualitative interviews with experts working in areas of biodiversity conservation. I have labeled them: biodiversity protectionists, biodiversity traditionalists, biodiversity localists, biodiversity pragmatists, and biodiversity capitalists. These groups are each discussed in connection with what they have to say about biodiversity in relation to human life,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental discourses; Extractivism; Latin America; Natural capital; Political ecology; Protected areas; Sustainability.
Ano: 2016

Forest Landscape Restoration in the Drylands of Latin America
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Premoli, Andrea C; Laboratorio Ecotono, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina; andrea.premoli@gmail.com.
Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) involves the ecological restoration of degraded forest landscapes, with the aim of benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being. We first identify four fundamental principles of FLR, based on previous definitions. We then critically evaluate the application of these principles in practice, based on the experience gained during an international, collaborative research project conducted in six dry forest landscapes of Latin America. Research highlighted the potential for FLR; tree species of high socioeconomic value were identified in all study areas, and strong dependence of local communities on forest resources was widely encountered, particularly for fuelwood. We demonstrated that FLR can be achieved through both...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Dryland; Ecological restoration; Forest landscape; Latin America; Reforestation; Rehabilitation.
Ano: 2012

Adapting prospective structural analysis to strengthen sustainable management and capacity building in community-based natural resource management contexts
Provedor de dados: 7
Local communities collectively managing common pool resources can play an important role in sustainable management, but they often lack the skills and context-specific tools required for such management. The complex dynamics of social-ecological systems (SES), the need for management capacities, and communities&amp;#8217; limited empowerment and participation skills present challenges for community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) strategies. We analyzed the applicability of prospective structural analysis (PSA), a strategic foresight tool, to support decision making and to foster sustainable management and capacity building in CBNRM contexts and the modifications necessary to use the tool in such contexts. By testing PSA in three SES in Colombia,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Colombia; Latin America; Local knowledge; Mexico; Participatory techniques; Social-ecological systems; Strategic foresight.
Ano: 2016

Compensation and Rewards for Environmental Services in the Developing World:  Framing Pan-Tropical Analysis and Comparison
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Swallow, Brent M.; World Agroforestry Centre; B.Swallow@cgiar.org; Kallesoe, Mikkel F.; World Conservation Union; mfk@iucnsl.org; Iftikhar, Usman A.; World Conservation Union; usman.iftikhar@undp.org; van Noordwijk, Meine; World Agroforestry Centre; M.Vannoordwijk@cgiar.org; Bracer, Carina; Forest Trends; C.Bracer@climatefocus.com; Scherr, Sara J.; Ecoagriculture Partners; sscherr@ecoagriculture.org; Raju, K. V.; Institute for Social and Economic Change; kvraju@isec.ac.in; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; United Nations Environment Programme; Anantha.Duraiappah@unep.org; Ochieng, Benson O.; African Centre for Technology Studies; b.ochieg@ilegkenya.org; Mallee, Hein; International Development Research Centre; hmallee@idrc.org.sg; Rumley, Rachael; World Agroforestry Centre; r_rumley2@yahoo.com.
This is the first of a series of papers that review the state of knowledge and practice regarding compensation and rewards for environmental services in the developing world. The paper begins with an assessment of the historical development of compensation and reward mechanisms within a broader context of changing approaches to nature conservation and environmental policy. The assessment shows that greater interest in compensation and reward mechanisms has emerged within a policy context of changing approaches to nature conservation and flexible multi-stakeholder approaches to environmental management. In the developing world, an even greater variety of perspectives has emerged on the opportunities and threats for using compensation and rewards for...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Compensation; Ecosystems service; Latin America; Payment for environmental service; Rewards.
Ano: 2009

Recent developments in biotech industry outside of the USA and Western Europe: Report from BIO 2005
Provedor de dados: 69
Autores: Bourinbaiar,Aldar S.
The BIO 2005 international convention is the largest gathering of the biotech industry in the world. This year it was held on June 19-22 inside the behemoth Convention Center in downtown Philadelphia, bringing together 18,730 executives, investors, consultants, lawyers, politicians, scientists, and dreamers from 56 countries. More than 500 media representatives covered the event. Biotechnology research and findings presented by countries outside the USA and Western Europe has begun to make a significant impact on these annual BIO gatherings. The achievements of some of these countries are briefly reviewed.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Bioindustry; Biotech; Biodefense; Eastern Europe; Latin America; Pacific; Russia.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582006000200002

Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Salzano,Francisco Mauro; Sans,Mónica.
A general introduction to the origins and history of Latin American populations is followed by a systematic review of the data from molecular autosomal assessments of the ethnic/continental (European, African, Amerindian) ancestries for 24 Latin American countries or territories. The data surveyed are of varying quality but provide a general picture of the present constitution of these populations. A brief discussion about the applications of these results (admixture mapping) is also provided. Latin American populations can be viewed as natural experiments for the investigation of unique anthropological and epidemiological issues.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Interethnic admixture; Latin America; Population structure.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572014000200003

Differential effects of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) on hematological malignancies among Latinos: a meta-analysis
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Garcia-Hernandez,Samanta Celeste; Meneses-Sanchez,Perla; Porchia,Leonardo Martin; Torres-Rasgado,Enrique; Pérez-Fuentes,Ricardo; Gonzalez-Mejia,Martha Elba.
Abstract Our objective was to determine the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and multiple myelomas (MM) in Latinos. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, LILACS, and other Latin-specific databases were searched for case-control studies that investigated the association between these polymorphisms and hematologic malignancies until November 2017. Genotype distributions were extracted and either fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled crude odds ratios (ORs) for the heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, and allelic genetic models. No publication bias...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: MTHFR; Protective factor; Latin America; Leukemia.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572019000400549

A tribute to José María ("Chema") Cantú
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Penchaszadeh,Victor B.; Rojas-Martinez,Augusto; Llerena,Adrián.
José María ("Chema") Cantú (1938-2007), born in Mexico, was a pioneering, loved and respected leader in medical and human genetics and bioethics in Latin America. He graduated as a physician in Mexico and then trained in medical and human genetics in France and the United States. He was instrumental in developing a first-rate research, training and genetic services program in medical and human genetics in Guadalajara, in northwestern Mexico. He acted forcefully at national, regional and international levels to promote scientific development through collaboration and education in science and humanities, while he simultaneously strived for justice, peace, love and human rights. He attained some of the highest honors a scientist and humanist could aspire to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cantú José María; Medical genetics; Human genetics; Bioethics; Latin America.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572014000200018

Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RIBASKI, J.; LIMA, P. C. F.
Anadenantheru macrocarpa - Angico; Capparis flexuosa L. - Feijão bravo; Euculvptus camaldulensis - Eucalipto roxo; Leucaena leucocephala - Leucena; Mimosa caesalpiniuefolia - Sabia; Mimosa hostilis - Jurema preta; Prosopis juliflora - Algaroba; Spondias tuberosa - Umbuzeiro.
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Angico; Feijao-bravo; Eucalipto roxo; Leucena; Jurema-preta; Umbuzeiro; America Latina; Brasil; Semi-arida; Anademanthera macrocarpa; Capparis flexuosa; Eucalyptus rostrata; Arid; Semiarid zone; Species; Algaroba; Caatinga; Espécie; Leucaena Leucocephala; Mimosa Caesalpiniaefolia; Mimosa Hostilis; Planta; Prosopis Juliflora; Sabiá; Spondias Tuberosa; Vegetação; Zona Arida; Latin America; Brazil; Vegetation.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133050

Ancestral genetic composition of a human population from the Colombian southwest using autosomal AIM-InDels
Provedor de dados: 46
Autores: Urbano,L; Portilla,E.C; Builes,J.J; Gusmão,L; Sierra-Torres,C.H.
Genetic markers with allele distribution differences in human populations provide human ancestry information that can be used to evaluate admixture proportions in different ethnic groups, including stratification in genetic association studies. The aim of this study was to determine the African, European and Native American admixture proportion by making use of 46 insertion-deletion informative ancestry record markers set in 500 Latin American people in the Department of Cauca, Colombia. Allelic frequencies were established, Hardy Weinberg test was performed, comparisons in genetic distances among population groups were estimated using Arlequin v 3.5, and STRUCTURE v 2.3.4 software was used to determine the population&amp;#8217;s ancestry admixture. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Genetic ancestry; InDels; AIMs; Latin America; Human populations.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1852-62332016000300004

Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective
Provedor de dados: 80
Autores: Chippaux,Jean-Philippe; Chippaux,Alain.
Abstract Yellow fever was transported during the slave trade in the 15th and 16th centuries from Africa to the Americas where the virus encountered favorable ecological conditions that allowed creation of a sustainable sylvatic cycle. Despite effective vector control and immunization programs for nearly a century, yellow fever epidemics reemerged in many Latin American countries, particularly Brazil. The emergence or reemergence of vector-borne diseases encompasses many intricate factors. Yellow fever outbreaks occur if at least three conditions are fulfilled: the introduction of the virus into a non-immune human community, presence of competent and anthropophilic vectors and insufficiency of prevention and/or adequate management of the growing outbreak....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Yellow fever; Aedes aegypti; Haemagogus sp.; Sabethes sp. Vector; Arbovirus; Epidemiology; Brazil; Latin America; Africa.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992018000100207

A preliminary revision of knowledge status of felids in Argentina
Provedor de dados: 81
Autores: Lucherini,Mauro; Soler,Lucía; Luengos Vidal,Estela.
Argentina is the host of 10 wild felids (28% of the world total). Although the Cat Specialist Group Action Plan has classified the conservation status of Argentine cats as relatively good, the ranking was based on a largely incomplete database for at least 80% of the species. Here we review the current status of knowledge and research effort of Argentine cats, compare it with their distribution, habitat association and conservation status and provide guidelines for their future research. Between 1990 and 2000, cat research has received increasing attention in Argentina. Twenty-four projects have been carried out, but only 13 studies are still in progress. A rank of research priority has been calculated for each felid and ecoregion. Our analysis showed that...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Carnivores; Conservation; Diversity; Ecoregions; Felids; Latin America; Leopardus tigrina; Oncifelis guigna; Oreailurus jacobita.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832004000100002

Agricultura familiar agroecólogia en América Latina en un contexto de cambio climático
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: IFOAM EU, Regional Group.
Esta publicación ha sido producida por IFOAM y por la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM, Peru) a través de su proyecto AGROECO, financiado por el Fondo Canadiense de Investigacion en Seguridad Alimentaria Internacional (CIFSRF).  Esta publicación ha sido cofinanciada por la Comisión Europea, DG Ambiente. La responsabilidad del contenido es del editor y la Comisión no es responsable por cualquier uso que se le de a la información que contiene.  Federación Internacional de Movimientos de Agricultura Orgánica.  Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial siempre y cuando se mencione la fuente.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Latin America; Environmental aspects.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/29858/1/agroecological_family_agriculture_in_latin_america_in_a_climate_change_context.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2014
Provedor de dados: 21
Organic agriculture is practiced in 164 countries, and more than 37.5 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by 1.9 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 64 billion US dollars in 2012.  The 15th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types as well as selected market data.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/25172/1/willer-lernoud-2014-world-of-organic.pdf

Atlas of Organics: Four maps of the world of organic agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John; Hennig, Benjamin.
This paper presents four maps of the world of organic agriculture. Density equalising maps (cartograms) have previously been published of the world of organic agriculture based on the reported hectares of certified organically managed agriculture land. The four maps in the present atlas of organic agriculture are visual presentations of current global organics data: (a) certified organic agriculture hectares; (b) certified organic wildculture hectares; (c) total certified organic production hectares (organic agriculture plus wildculture plus forestry plus aquaculture); (d) certified organic producers. Australia dominates in the world map of the organic agriculture hectares, Europe is strongly represented, and Africa is weakly represented. Finland dominates...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Farming Systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; European Union; India; Latin America; North America; United Kingdom; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30187/1/PaullHennig2016.OAMaps.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2012: Global Indices of Leadership in  Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
One hundred and sixty countries now practice organic agriculture. But where are the pockets of excellence? The Organics Olympiad 2012 presents twelve indices of organics leadership with awards medals of gold, silver and bronze in each category. Twenty seven countries score medals in the Organics Olympiad 2012. Germany leads with four medals, India takes second position with one gold and one silver, and Switzerland and USA are equal third on the medal tally, each with one gold and one bronze medal .
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Africa; Asia; Australia; Austria; Brazil; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Switzerland; United States; Knowledge management; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/22527/7/22527.pdf

Background: The ‘First Meeting of Organic Producers and Researchers’ and the ‘First Organic Producers Fair of Latin America and the Caribbean’
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Garibay, Salvador.
The ‘First Meeting of Organic Producers and Researchers’ and the ‘First Organic Producers Fair of Latin America and the Caribbean’ was held in September 2006 in Managua (Nicaragua) and hosted more than 19 Nicaraguan and Latin-American organizations, as well as international development organizations. The event took place with the collaborative support of FiBL, based in Switzerland.
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Latin America.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://orgprints.org/13171/1/garibay%2D2007%2Dworld%2Dof%2Dorganic%2Dbackground.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2016
Provedor de dados: 21
The 17th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, numbers of farms and other operator types as well as selected market data.    The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, information on standards and regulations, organic policy, as well as insights into current and emerging trends in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/31151/1/willer-lernoud-2016-world-of-organic.pdf

Organic Farming in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Garibay, Salvador V.; Ugas, Roberto.
In Latin America, 220’000 producers managed 6.4 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2007. This constitutes 20 percent of the world’s organic land. The leading countries are Argentina (2'777'959 hectares), Brazil (1'765'793 hectares) and Uruguay (930'965 hectares). The highest shares of organic agricultural land are in the Dominican Republic and Uruguay with more than six percent and in Mexico and Argentina with more than two percent. Most organic production in Latin America is for export. Important crops are tropical fruits, grains and cereals, coffee and cocoa, sugar and meats. Most organic food sales in the domestic markets of the countries occur in major cities, such as Buenos Aires and São Paulo.  Fifteen countries have legislation on...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Latin America.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/17931/1/garibay%2Dugas%2D2009%2Dworld%2Dorganic%2Dagriculture.pdf

Nachhaltigkeit im Avocadoanbau
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Epple, Rolf; Garibay, Salvador; Teriete, Moritz; Keller, Olivia.
Im Rahmen dieses Pilotprojekts zur Evaluierung der Nachhaltigkeitsleistungen in der Avocadoproduktion in Chile und Peru wurden im April 2018 acht gezielt ausgewählte Zuliefer-Betriebe (drei Betriebe in Peru, fünf in Chile) besucht und mit dem SMART-Farm Tool bewertet.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry; Produce chain management; Latin America.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34828/1/epple-etal-2018-SMART_Synthesebericht_Avocado_REWE-cover.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2019
Provedor de dados: 21
Organic agriculture is practiced in 181 countries, and 69.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.9 Million farmers. The global sales of organic food and drink reached 97 billion US Dollars in 2017, according to Ecovia Intelligence.  The 20th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.  It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and presents detailed organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in  organic systems, the...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/34570/10/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

Organic retailer development in Latin America(general trends)
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Garibay, Salvador.
Preliminary conclusions:  - Supermarkets focus the sale of organic products in the upper class   - Consumer arguments: Health as main reason.  - Supermarkets sales mostly national organic products but there are a trend to introduce imported organic products from abroad (Mexico, Costa Rica)  - Perspectives: increments of the market volumes will continue.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Markets and trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/13188/1/garibay%2D2008%2Dsupermarkets%2Dla.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2018
Provedor de dados: 21
Organic agriculture is practiced in 178 countries, and 57.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.7 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 90 billion US Dollars in 2016, according to Ecovia Intelligence.  The 19th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.  It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34669/1/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2018
Provedor de dados: 21
Organic agriculture is practiced in 178 countries, and 57.8 million hectares of agricultural land are managed organically by approximately 2.7 million farmers.  The global sales of organic food and drink reached almost 90 billion US Dollars in 2016, according to Ecovia Intelligence.    The 19th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture.    It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, speci�c information about land use in organic...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://orgprints.org/34569/10/WILLER-LERNOUD-2018-final-PDF-low.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2017
Provedor de dados: 21
The 18th edition of The World of Organic Agriculture, published by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International, provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in global organic agriculture. It includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector around the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover the area under organic management, specific information about land use in organic systems, the number of  farms and other operator types, and selected market data.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Latin America; North America; United States; World; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/34568/7/willer-lernoud-2017-02-12-v1-4.pdf

Impact of the adoption of participatory guarantee systems (PGS) for organic certification for small farmers in developing countries: the case of Rede Ecovida in Brasil
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Zanasi, Dr. Cesare; Venturi, Dr. Paolo.
Different types of organic certification have been developed to overcome the problem of its relatively high cost for small organic farmers in developing countries. Among these the participatory guarantee systems (PGS) for organic certification, which does not involve a third party certification body. Providing a theoretical framework able to define the characteristics of PGS influencing its role in promoting local market development and communities social cohesion, as well as the access to export markets, is the aim of this paper. The level of formalism in the relationship among the stakeholders involved in the PGS, its interaction with the flexibility and the scope of their relationship, social control as a  substitute for a third party certification...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Regulation.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/11618/1/Zanasi_11618_ed.doc

Key results from the FiBL survey on organic agriculture  worldwide 2017: Key data, crops, regions
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Lernoud, Julia; Willer, Helga.
The 3 presentations summarize the key results of the FiBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide 2017 (data 2015).  Apart from the global data, key results on crop and on regional data are presented.  More information is available at www.organic-world.net   The following three presentations are available at http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook2017/slide-presentations.html :  Part 1: Global data 2015 and survey background   Part 2: Land use and key crops in organic agriculture 2015  Part 3: Organic agriculture in the regions 2015
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Africa; European Union; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/31424/7/fibl-2017-global-data-2015.pdf

Organics Olympiad 2016: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John.
Organic production (including agriculture, wild culture, forestry and aquaculture) is a worldwide phenomenon that is practiced in at least 172 countries. The Organics Olympiad presents 14 indices of global organics leadership, each at three levels (Gold, Silver and Bronze). The Organics Olympiad of 2016 yields 29 countries as global organics leaders, and confirms that organics leadership is diversely distributed across countries, large and small, rich and poor, developed and less so, and cuts across linguistic, ethnic and cultural boundaries. Australia continues to lead the world in organic agriculture hectares. Australia also leads in the increase of organic hectares over the past four years (since the Organics Olympiad 2012) and in the number of WWOOF...
Tipo: Journal paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Africa; Asia; Australia; China; Denmark; European Union; Finland; France; India; Italy; Latin America; Lithuania; Switzerland; Tunisia; United States; World; Knowledge management; Europe; Germany; Mexico.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://orgprints.org/30369/1/Paull2016.OlympiadJSDS.pdf

Organic Farming in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Garibay, Salvador V.; Ugas, Roberto.
In Latin America, 260’000 producers managed 8.1 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2008. This constitutes 23 percent of the world’s organic land. The leading countries are Argentina (4 million hectares), Brazil (1.8 million hectares), and Uruguay (930'965 hectares). The highest shares of organic agricultural land are in the Dominican Republic and Uruguay with more than six percent and in Argentina with three percent. Most organic products from Latin American countries (90 percent) are sold on the European, North American or Japanese markets. Popular goods are especially those that cannot be produced in these regions, as well as off-season products. Thus, the development of robust local markets is still a major challenge, without which the...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/17932/1/garibay%2Dugas%2D2010%2Dworld%2Dorganic%2Dagriculture.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture – Density-equalizing  Map
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Paull, John; Hennig, Benjamin.
The World Map of Organic Agriculture presents countries as proportional in size to their share of the total of world organic hectares. Such a map can be referred to as an equal-area cartogram or a density-equalising map. Equal-density cartograms are a tool for presenting a fresh view of tabulated geographic data sets.    The World Map of Organic Agriculture accounts for all of the hectares of organically managed agricultural land (certified organic and in-conversion organic) reported by FiBL and IFOAM in 'The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics &amp; Emerging Trends 2013'. The map visually reveals relationships between the territories of the world and highlights the regional strengths and weaknesses of the global diffusion of organic agriculture. The...
Tipo: Book chapter
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Australia; European Union; Latin America; United Kingdom; United States; World; Knowledge management; Country reports; Europe.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://orgprints.org/22490/7/22490.pdf

Hurricane María: An Agroecological Turning Point for Puerto Rico?
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Félix, Georges F.; Holt-Giménez, Eric.
When Hurricane María tore through Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, it left 17 dead, 11,000 seeking shelter, and the island’s 3.4 million people without power, water, or fresh food supplies.i  It also ripped off the democratic veneer of the US’ “commonwealth,” revealing the structural vulnerability of an island that has been colonized for over half a millennium. Disasters tend to unmask both unsustainable practices and inequitable relations of power. But they can also unleash the power of solidarity and self-governance as communities—abandoned by their governments and preyed upon by disaster capitalists—come together in unexpected ways. In the aftermath of Puerto Rico’s worst social, economic and environmental catastrophe, the Puerto Rican food...
Tipo: Working paper
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Social aspects; Food systems; Policy environments and social economy; Latin America.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://orgprints.org/33250/1/backgrounder%20PR.pdf

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012
Provedor de dados: 21
The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2012 documents recent developments in global organic agriculture. “The World of Organic Agriculture 2012“ includes contributions from representatives of the organic sector from throughout the world and provides comprehensive organic farming statistics that cover surface area under organic management, numbers of farms and specific information about land use in organic systems. The book also contains information on the global market for organic food, the latest developments in organic certification, standards and regulations and insights into current status and emerging trends for organic agriculture by geographical region. In addition, the volume contains a number of country reports:...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; European Union; Latin America.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://orgprints.org/25208/1/1581-organic-world-2012.pdf

Organic Farming in Latin America: some trends
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Garibay, Salvador V.
Content  - Latin America and the organic world  - Latin America organic production  - the organic market trends in Latin America  - Conclusion
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://orgprints.org/20181/1/Biofach_2010-_Organic_Martket_Latin_2010.pdf

Organic Agriculture Research: shared vision from Latin-Americans farmers
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Escobar F., Carlos A.
Content  Our History, Our Present  Our Needs, Our Future  Contributions
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Latin America.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://orgprints.org/27588/1/escobar-2014-TIPI-workshop-Istanbul-latin-america.pdf

The European Market for Organic Food and Drink
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Willer, Helga; Richter, Toralf; Rippin, Markus; Vaclavic, Tom; Garibay, Salvador.
This presentations give an overview of the current market situation for organic products in Europe and in Latin America.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Markets and trade; Europe.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://orgprints.org/15482/1/willer-europe.pdf

Papers presented at the Session "Global Organic Market Overview"
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Luttikholt, Louise; Batcha, Laura; Willer, Helga; Xing, Jianping; Flores, Patricia; Menon, Manoj; Sahota, Amarjit.
The global organic market develops dynamically. Organic 3.0  postulates further growth, inclusiveness and  rientation towards a more differentiated sustainability products market. At this session, the  market information from the IFOAM – Organics International/FiBL statistics book was deepened to reflect about trends and strategic market positioning.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc.
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Latin America; North America; World; Europe.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://orgprints.org/34608/1/Amudavi-2019-Biofach-2019.pdf

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

Rural Livelihood Strategies and Social Capital in Latin America: Implications for Rural Development Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Corral,   Leonardo; Gordillo,   Gustavo.
Evidence from studies across Latin America show that rural households in the region are increasingly employing a diverse set of activities to maintain and improve livelihoods suggesting that households use multiple paths to get out of poverty. Of particular importance in household livelihood strategies are the assets households own and the context in which they operate. Recent development literature has highlighted the important role of social capital in development and particular emphasis is place on the role of this asset in this paper. The objective of this paper is to examine these trends in order to inform project design and implementation in the region. Based on the conceptual framework and evidence from Latin America, the paper offers a number of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural livelihoods; Social capital; Latin America; Rural development projects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12947

Agricultural Export Diversification in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Timothy G.; Francis,   Brian.
Agriculture, in general, and agricultural exports in particular, have long been critical to economic growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).  Despite the importance of agriculture to the region and the vast amount of resources devoted to the promotion of agricultural export diversification in LAC, there has been virtually no research undertaken to assess the degree to which the agricultural export structures in LAC countries have in fact diversified.  Using disaggregate data on agricultural exports over the 1961-2000 period for 10 LAC countries, entropy-based measures of diversification are computed and analyzed.  The empirical results show that the post-1985 period has witnessed some degree of agricultural export diversification...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Caribbean; Diversification; Entropy; Exports; Latin America.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43284

Intensifying agricultural sustainability: An analysis of impacts and drivers in the development of ‘bright spots’
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noble,   Andrew D.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; Pretty,   Jules N.; Thiyagarajan,   T.M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Farming systems; Sustainable agriculture; Productivity; Investment; Thailand; Palestine; Latin America; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91818

Inclusion of Low Income Sectors in Latin American Agribusiness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metzger,   Michael D.; Ickis,   John; Leguizamon,   Francisco; Flores,   Juliano.
We examine three case studies on agribusiness ventures that have included low income sectors (LIS) into value creation activities to reduce poverty in Latin America. While the goal for each agribusiness is economic profit, we find that this goal is not inconsistent with wealth creation among LIS. We use the agribusiness chain analytical framework to identify the roles played by LIS in the ventures studied, and we explore the ways in which LIS inclusion has influenced the performance of the agribusiness chains and contributed to their competitiveness.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Poverty reduction; Latin America; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93339

Toward a Territorial Approach to Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
This paper explores a territorial approach to rural development in Latin America. It first reviews evidence that progress in rural social development has not been accompanied by reductions in income poverty and inequality. It then assesses qualitative changes that have occurred in rural incomes and the emergence of new opportunities for rural poverty reduction and draws implications for the potential of a territorial approach to rural development. Recent experiences with territorial approaches are briefly reviewed and lessons extracted for the implementation of such an approach. It concludes with a series of recommendations for implementation of a territorial approach to rural development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Rural poverty; Territorial approach; Inequality; Latin America; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O15; O18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112593

Latin America's Agricultural Exports to China: Recent Trends
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caballero,   Jorge; O'Connor,   Ernesto; Amado,   Blanca.
Latin America is becoming the fastest growing agricultural production region and Brazil has by far the fastest growing agricultural sector. China from being a small agricultural importer (1.4% of world imports in 1990/01), became the fifth largest importer at 5.4% of world imports in 2006/07. China's overall trade with Latin America has expanded substantially during the last two decades -the rate of growth has been greater than any other region in the world since 2005. Most exports from Latin America to China are primary products while Chinese exports to Latin America are mostly industrial products. The Chinese demand for agricultural products is concentrated in food products such as grains and oilseeds. Countries specialised in those commodities –eg....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Latin America; China; Trade; Agriculture; Soybean; Agricultural policies; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115530

Economic Analysis of Options for Food Aid Policy in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boland,   Michael A.; Brautigam,   Alena.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economics; Food policy; Latin America; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93348

Competiveness of Latin American Exports in the U.S. Banana Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Zahniser,   Steven.
U.S. banana demand differentiated by country of origin is estimated using the generalized dynamic Rotterdam model.  Results indicate that dynamic factors play a significant role in determining the allocation of U.S. banana expenditures across exporting sources.  Of particular interest is Guatemala’s increased share and Costa Rica’s decreased share of U.S. banana supply.  A number of factors explained why Guatemala replaced Costa Rica as the leading U.S. supplier in 2007.  (1) Guatemala is the least expensive source on average.  (2) Habit persistence, adjustment costs, and other dynamic factors favor Guatemala’s exports.  (3) Given increases in the relative price of Costa Rica’s bananas, the price competition between Costa Rica and Guatemala is highly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Imports; Demand; Latin America; United States; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98365

The Neoliberal Myth in Latin America: The Cases of Mexico and Argentina in the ‘90s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ronchi,   Veronica.
During the '90s most Latin American countries were submitted to neoliberal structural reform policies. Neoliberal policies imposed market supremacy, reduced the State's role in the economy and deregulated the markets. This paper aims at describing how these policies affected the most important macroeconomic indexes, with special emphasis on Argentina and Mexico, the two countries that suffered most from the economic crises of the '80s and '90s, and where the neoliberal policies were applied with greater orthodoxy. In spite of a slight improvement in some macroeconomic indexes, in Latin America neoliberalism failed to reduce poverty and unemployment, and was unable to guarantee a fair distribution of the wealth and improve welfare.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Mexico; Argentina; '90s; Neoliberalism; Political Economy; E21; E22; E24; E26; N16; N26; N36; O16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9335

Informal Sector Pollution Control: What Policy Options Do We Have?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. However, these firms are quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (i) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (ii) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Environmental policy; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10634

Government expenditures on agriculture in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elias,   Victor Jorge.
Government expenditure is primarily determinant of the pace and pattern of agricultural growth. The size of government allocations to agriculture is an important indicator of government commitment to agricultural growth. How the resource are allocated is an important determinant of the efficiency of agriculture growth. Despite the central role of government expenditure little comparative analysis has been made of its size, its allocation, and its effect on agricultural production. As a result, there has been little pressure to develop an adequate data base for such requisite data discourages initiation of such analysis. In the research reported her Victor Elias concentrates on developing an adequate data base for analyzing government expenditures on...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state; Latin America; Economic aspects; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42218

An Analysis of Latin American Peanut Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Dae-Seob; Kennedy,   P. Lynn; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The U.S. export share in the world peanut market has decreased due to heavy competition.  In this paper, the Latin American peanut industry is modeled using seemingly unrelated regression (SUR).  Based on these estimations, a scenario analysis was conducted.  The results show that the Latin American demand is not affected dramatically by either domestic of world price shocks.  The effects of price changes on net trade are noticeable.  However, the world price does not significantly affect the Latin American peanut supply.  The results imply that Latin American peanut farmers are more sensitive to changes in domestic prices than world price changes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Latin America; Peanuts; Scenario analysis; SUR; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43744

U.S. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES OF LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: A DYNAMIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skripnitchenko,   Anatoliy; Koo,   Won W.
In this report, we apply a dynamic cost minimization model of U.S. foreign direct investment in food processing industries to nine Latin American countries.  Estimation of the first order condition (Euler equation) using a consistent rational expectation assumption showed that dynamic structure explains the investment process in food processing industries quite well.  U.S. food processors in Latin America are driven by the host country?s level of demand and by labor cost considerations.  They can adjust their investment position quickly.  We also quantified short and long-run effects of shocks to exogenous variables on foreign direct investment position.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Dynamic; Latin America; Adjustment costs; Processed food; Euler equation; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23533

LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL HAMBRE Y DEL DERECHO A LA ALIMENTACIÓN EN LAS AGENDAS POLÍTICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viveros,   Jose Luis; Almeida Filho,   Niemeyer.
América Latina y el Caribe es la única región en desarrollo que puede acabar con el hambre en nuestra generación. Tiene 52,4 millones de personas subnutridas (10% de población) y 9 millones de niños con desnutrición crónica, pero también es la principal productora mundial de alimentos y tiene recursos financieros, naturales, humanos e institucionales para hacer del hambre un recuerdo del pasado. Es básicamente un problema de desigualdad en el acceso a los recursos, y tiene serias implicaciones económicas (retraso en crecimiento y déficit de competitividad) y políticas (desencanto con la democracia, auge del populismo, y violación de los derechos). En este trabajo se presentan los notables avances de la lucha contra el hambre y el derecho a la alimentación...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hambre; Derecho a la alimentación; América Latina; Políticas de Seguridad Alimentaria; Hunger; Rights Laws; Latin America; Food Security Policies; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109439

NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK AVERSION: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van den Berg,   Marrit; Fort,   Ricardo; Burger,   Kees.
We use experimental and survey data from two natural-hazard prone countries in Latin America to test the hypothesis that natural hazards affect risk aversion. We use two methods to measure risk aversion: simple questions on the willingness to pay for a hypothetical lottery and more complicated experiments involving real pay-offs. We find that whereas the experiments provide reasonable estimates of risk aversion, the hypothetical questions result in unrealistic distributions of preferences. The experimental results strongly support the hypothesis that experiencing natural shocks makes people more risk averse, not only in the short run but also in the medium and long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Nicaragua; Peru; Risk aversion; Natural hazards; Experiments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51394

Impact of Pension Privatization on Foreign Direct Investments: A Study of the Latin American Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reece,   Christopher; Sam,   Abdoul G.
We explore the causal effect of market-oriented pension reform on net foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Latin America, which has experienced a wave of pension privatization and FDI in the last two decades. With our balanced panel of 17 countries over the 1991-2006 period, we implement fixed effects models, controlling for the endogenous decision to enacted full or partial privatization of the public pension system and several other covariates whose choice is informed by the rich empirical literature on FDI. Our econometric results indicate that privatization triggers a significant increase in net FDI inflows within a year of reform implementation and that the effect does not wane over time. We estimate that privatization increases FDI as a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pension Privatization; Foreign Direct Investments; Latin America; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61206

Populism and Neopopulism in Latin America: Clientelism, Trade Union Organisation and Electoral Support in Mexico and Argentina in the '90s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ronchi,   Veronica.
The state of anomie that has characterised and still characterises most Latin American countries, resulting from the fragmentation of the social fabric, has encouraged the rise of successful personalist leaderships in the ‘90s. This paper aims at investigating how neopopulism developed in Latin America, considering as main actors the two Presidents who have best embodied this ideal: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, (Mexico 1988-1994) and Carlos Menem (Argentina 1989-1999).  Neopopulism is based on an economic project, the neoliberal policy based on cuts in the welfare, which seems very far from the populist positions of the past. Populism revives through the charisma of these Presidents, bypassing institutional or organisational forms of mediation between the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Mexico; Argentina; ’90s; Populism; Neopopulism; Political Economy; I38; J88; N16; N26; N36; N46.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9336

Regional Integration in Developing Countries: Some Lessons Based on Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
The main focus of this paper is the question if the success of regional integration organisation in developing countries is, in fact, dependent on factors like similarity of their economic structure, market size or lack of commitment. It is shown that there are also other more important institutional and politico-economical reasons to explain the functioning of such organisations in developing countries. Case studies of ECOWAS and SADC will be used to discuss this question. It is also very often argued that southsouth integration is inferior to north-south integration. This will be discussed considering the case of MERCOSUR as an example.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Economic development; Africa; Latin America; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; F15; O1; P16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26272

Trade Agreements in the Americas: Regionalism Converging to Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hester,   Annette; Beaulieu,   Eugene.
This paper summarizes the evolution of regional trade agreements in the Americas and examines whether they are contributing to globalization or detracting from it. In theory, regional trade agreements may create incentives that deter countries from entering into multilateral negotiations. The paper draws on the political economy literature and takes a "dynamic time-path effect" perspective. The evolution of six regional trade agreements in Latin America are analyzed in detail: LAIA, Mercosur, NAFTA, Andean Community, Caricom, and CACM. This study concludes that regional trade agreements in the Americas have not discouraged the participatory countries' pursuit of multilateral negotiations. Moreover, regional agreements are contributing to a new power...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Multinationalism; Preferential trade agreements; Regionalism; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23840

The Rise of Supermarkets and Their  Development Implications: International Experience Relevant for India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reardon,   Thomas; Gulati,   Ashok.
The Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) was invited by the Indian Ministry of Commerce and Industry to conduct a study titled “The Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Retail Sector.” Because organized retail in India is still in its infancy, it was deemed critical to look at the experience of other countries, especially developing ones. Thus, ICRIER sought the assistance of Dr. Thomas Reardon and Dr. Ashok Gulati, co-directors of Markets in Asia, a joint program of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Michigan State University. ICRIER asked Reardon and Gulati to help research and report on the international experiences in the growth and expansion of modern retailing in developed and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Wholesalers; Modern retail; Small farmers; Traditional retail; Supply chain; India; Latin America; Competitiveness; Inclusiveness; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42479

New Evidence on Long-Run Output Convergence Among Latin American Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holmes,   Mark J.
This study assesses long-run real per capita output convergence among selected Latin American countries. The empirical investigation, however, is based on an alternative approach. Strong convergence is determined on the basis of the first largest principal component, based on income differences with respect to a chosen base country, being stationary. The qualitative outcome of the test is invariant to the choice of base country and, compared to alternative multivariate tests for long-run convergence, this methodology places less demands on limited data sets. Using annual data for the period 1960-2000, strong convergence is confirmed for the Central American Common Market. However, an amended version of the test confirms weaker long-run convergence in the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Output convergence; Latin America; Common trends; F15; O19; O40; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37134

Biofuels Potential in Latin America and the Caribbean: Quantitative Considerations and Policy Implications for the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Razo,   Carlos; Saucedo,   Alberto.
Rising oil prices has led to increased interest to replace domestic demand for liquid fuels for transport (petrol and diesel) with biofuel production (ethanol and biodiesel). One of the pioneers in biofuel production is Brazil, which since the 1970s has established a government program that promotes the production and consumption of ethanol. Currently, Brazil is the leading producer of ethanol in the world and has started also programs for biodiesel production based on soybeans, oil palm and other crops. Other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have also expressed interest in biofuel production, and have started programs, and in some cases the legislation that promotes biofuel production. However, most of the analysis of biofuel crops has been...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Land availability; Price effect; Agricultural structure; Latin America; Caribbean; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q11; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9986

Between Two Poles: Matching Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Mercosur
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Hefeker,   Carsten; Koopmann,   Georg.
The paper reviews exchange rate options for Mercosur countries. We start from the observation that most of the countries in the region have a longstanding tendency to adopt fixed exchange rates, and ask how such a system could best be designed. The Argentine crisis has demonstrated that unilateral currency pegs imply the risk of serious misalignments with other trading partners and subsequent realignments. The standard basket peg is not a solution because of its limited transparency and credibility. We therefore discuss a proposal to create dual currency boards that could be a workable solution for the Mercosur countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange Rate Regime; Currency Board; Latin America; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade; F31; F4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26327

What makes reforms likely: Political economy determinants of reforms in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lora,   Eduardo; Olivera,   Mauricio.
The purpose of this paper is to test the main hypotheses of the recent theoretical literature on the political economy of reform for the case of the Latin American countries between 1985 and 1995. The paper first reviews the literature and extracts the main testable hypotheses. Then, a system of indices that measure the extent of reform in five policy areas is presented. These indices are used as the dependent variables in panel regressions where the main explanatory variables are indicators of crisis, political variables and indicators of channels of contagion. We find very strong support for the well-known hypothesis that crises make reform viable and also for the (less theoretically sound) hypotheses that reforms are more likely at the beginning of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Structural reforms; Political economy; Latin America; D78; D72; C52.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43851

Why are Latin Americans so unhappy about reforms?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Panizza,   Ugo; Yanez,   Monica.
This paper uses opinion surveys to document discontent with the pro-market reforms implemented by most Latin American countries during the 1990s. The paper also explores four possible sets of explanations for this discontent: (i) a general drift of the populace’s political views to the left; (ii) an increase in political activism by those who oppose reforms; (iii) a decline in the people’s trust of political actors; and (iv) the economic crisis. The paper’s principal finding is that the macroeconomic situation plays an important role in explaining the dissatisfaction with the reform process.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Political economy; Reforms; Crisis; Latin America; P16; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37219

Health and Economic Impacts of Mycotoxins in Foods in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Pauline E.; Jolly,   Curtis M.
Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mycotoxins; Health; Economic impact; Latin America; Caribbean; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122895

The 1990s in Latin America: Another Decade of Persistent Inequality, but with Somewhat Lower Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szekely,   Miguel.
This paper processes 76 household surveys from 17 Latin American countries to document changes in poverty and inequality during the 1990s, and performs an analysis of the effect of economic reforms on inequality and poverty by using an expanded data base of 94 surveys spanning the 1977-2000 period. We show that there is no country in Latin America where inequality declined during the 1990s. Poverty declined in 10 or 11 out of the 17 countries for which household surveys are available to us, depending on the poverty measured used. Persistently high inequality inhibited further poverty reduction. One important factor contributing to the persistently high inequality level is financial liberalization. Trade liberalization and slight inequality-reducing effect.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Inequality; Poverty; Latin America; Food Security and Poverty; D31; O12; O54.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43997

Growth and Human Development: Comparative Latin American Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav; Stewart,   Frances.
This paper seeks to examine the interdependence between economic growth (EG) and human development (HD). It is concerned with changes in per capita income and its two-way relationship with the basic societal objective of human development. Regressions across various Latin American countries are run for 1960-92. Country performance is separated into virtuous/vicious cycles or HD/EG lopsidedness. The study makes an attempt to correct the commonly held view that ensuring increases in economic growth automatically leads to advances in human development. Human development has to occur prior to or simultaneous with improvements in economic growth, if a country is to reach a virtuous cycle. The Latin American experience indicates that a balanced approach to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Human development; Economic growth; Latin America; Labor and Human Capital; O18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28376

Cattle Accumulation and Land Use Intensification by Households in the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caviglia-Harris,   Jill L.
In developing countries across the globe the impact of livestock on deforestation levels has been profound. This paper explores the role of the cattle industry in household decision making for small landholders in the Brazilian Amazon. Important inquiries raised in the literature are addressed, including the determinants of the co-evolution of deforestation and cattle herds, the possibility of production specialization, and the role of cattle in household livelihoods. Panel data suggest that households have changed focus from crop  introduction to cattle. Empirical models reveal that location, wealth, and education are among the important determinants of production decisions and cattle accumulation. Policy recommendations include a focus on the cattle...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Brazil; Household production; Land use; Cattle; Deforestation; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10233

Ownership Structure in the Post-Privatized Brazilian Steel Industry: Complexity, Instability and the Lingering Role of the State
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amann,   Edmund; Ferraz,   Joao Carlos.
This article examines the impacts of privatization on patterns of ownership structure and the role of the State in the Brazilian steel industry. Following a review of the theoretical literature our empirical analysis suggests that the results of privatization on the sector have been considerably more complex and nuanced than might have been expected. In particular we find that privatization has been associated with increasing complexity and instability in patterns of corporate ownership. At the same time, the State, far from withdrawing to the regulatory sidelines, has continued to play an active role both as a lender and as an important indirect investor.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Latin America; Privatization; Corporate Ownership; Role of the State; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30688

Indicadores comparativos de los resultados de la investigación científica y tecnológica en América Latina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arregui,   Patricia McLauchlan de.
Este documento, buscando describir la situación de la ciencia y tecnología en América Latina, presenta y analiza las principales estadísticas disponibles para medir la producción, la distribución por áreas temáticas, el impacto y la calidad de la investigación científica y tecnológica realizada en América Latina entre 1973 y 1984. El documento contiene, también, una evaluación de los indicadores convencionales de resultados de la investigación (publicaciones, citaciones, patentes y premios científicos), describe las fuentes de donde provienen los datos y la metodología utilizada para la elaboración de los resultados presentados.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ciencia y tecnologia; Investigacion; Indicadores; America Latina; Science and technology; Research; Indicators; Latin America; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42291

The Effect of Parents' Occupation on Child Labor and School Attendance in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parikh,   Anokhi; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
This paper investigates how child labor and schooling are responsive to opportunities to work, in particular to opportunities provided by children's own parents. The paper demonstrates that after controlling for household, parental, regional, and child characteristics, children whose parents are self-employed or employers are more likely to work than children of employees, irrespective of the sector of parent activity. Furthermore, the paper also confirms a recent finding that children from areas with high average adult employment rates are more likely to work than children from areas with low average adult employment rates. Finally, since twice as many children of the self-employed and employers both work and go to school as those of employees, the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Schooling; Latin America; Brazil; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25045

SPATIAL PATTERNS OF CROP YIELDS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Stanley; You,   Liangzhi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
From a theoretical perspective crop yields should tend to converge over time and space as: growth in yield potential exhibits diminishing returns; an increasing share of farmers shift to using high yielding varieties (HYVs); barriers to the free flow of knowledge and information are removed; and significant investments continue to be made in supporting institutions whose mandates include facilitating and accelerating the cross-border flow of improved agricultural technologies. Using a new, sub-national crop yield database for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) we examine whether convergence is indeed occurring, and discover it is not. On the contrary, there is evidence of divergence. We test three hypotheses that might help account for this finding:...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop yields; Maize; Rice; Soybeans; Latin America; Caribbean; South America; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60322

United States, Latin America, and the Global Economy: The Vision of Greater America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scheman,   L. Ronald.
Latin America is the most important partner of the United States in consolidating the base of democracy and open markets in the global context as well as providing resources, markets and energy security for a growing economic base. The backbone of the global economy, the productive capacity deriving from the great combination of the treasures of the Rockies and Andes, together with U.S. technology, will be the bedrock foundation for unassailable economic growth. Together a combined open market of more than 600 million people will enable the coming generation to see Greater America emerge as a major force defining the values of the coming century.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Greater America; International trade; Latin America; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90428

Muddling Through while Environmental Regulatory Capacity Evolves: What Role for Voluntary Agreements?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Sisto,   Nicholas.
The city of Leon, Guanajuato, is Mexico's leather goods capital and a notorious environmental hotspot. Over the past two decades, four high-profile voluntary agreements aimed at controlling pollution from Leon's tanneries have yielded few concrete results. To understand why, this paper reconstructs the history of these initiatives, along with that of local environmental regulatory capacity. Juxtaposing these two timelines suggests that the voluntary pollution control agreements were both motivated by-and undermined by-gaps in the legal, institutional, physical, and civic infrastructures needed to make regulation effective. Our analysis offers a concrete definition of environmental regulatory capacity, provides insights into how it evolves, and demonstrates...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Voluntary agreement; Regulatory capacity; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10570

Public-private partnerships for innovation-led growth in agrichains: A useful tool for development in Latin America?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Gonzalez,   Carolina; Vieira,   Luis-Fernando.
Public-private partnerships have become increasingly important as an arrangement that serves to encourage innovation in agricultural production chains in Latin America. However, some observers have expressed concern that this institutional arrangement may mostly favor the interests of the private sector without producing sufficient social benefits for the public. This paper presents the results of a study of 124 cases of public-private partnerships in agricultural innovation in nine countries in Latin America. The data from the study suggest that the partnership concept is used to generate agricultural innovations in many different ways, involving public research and private entities to varying degrees and focusing on different types of agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public-private partnerships; Agricultural research; Innovation; Agrichains; Latin America; Agricultural production; Case studies; Agribusiness; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59693

Evolution of hematophagous habit in Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: Otálora-Luna,Fernando; Pérez-Sánchez,Antonio J; Sandoval,Claudia; Aldana,Elis.
All members of Triatominae subfamily (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi etiologic agent of the Chagas disease, feed on blood. Through evolution, these bugs have fixed special morphological, physiological, and behavioral aptations (adaptations and exaptations) adequate to feed on blood. Phylogeny suggests that triatomines evolved from predator reduvids which in turn descended from phytophagous hemipterans. Some pleisiomorphic traits developed by the reduvid ancestors of the triatomines facilitated and modeled hematophagy in these insects. Among them, mouthparts, saliva composition, enzymes, and digestive symbionts are the most noticeable. However, the decisive step that allowed the shift from predation to hematophagy was a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Chagas' disease; Phylogeny; Blood-sucking habit; Triatomines.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2015000100004

Public engagement in science: Mapping out and understanding the practice of science communication in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: BARBA,MA DE LOURDES PATIÑO; CASTILLO,JORGE PADILLA GONZÁLEZ DEL; MASSARANI,LUISA.
This article presents the results of a study aiming to map out the characteristics of science communication activities carried out in Latin America by different organizations. We looked at a general description of the activities (such as the kind of activities carried out, in which periodicity, the publics engaged in the activities, etc.) and the favorable and unfavorable existing conditions in the organizations (such as budget and planning, evaluation, as well as weakness and strengths). The study focused on gathering primary information, through an online survey, answered by 123 institutions from 14 countries. Although the results are not representative of the entire Latin America – and it would be not possible to be so, since it is not even known the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Science and public; Science communication; Science popularization.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000101001

Scientific findings of Alexander von Humboldt's expedition into the Spanish-American Tropics (1799-1804) from a geographical point of view
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Kohlhepp,Gerd.
Alexander von Humboldt's expedition from 1799 till 1804 to the "equinoctial regions of the new world" led through Venezuela, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Mexico. In Europe an increased knowledge of the "New World" was connected with the privately funded journey, which served purely scientific purposes and had nothing to do with the exploration and exploitation of natural resources. Besides the research results, which were based on new measuring methods and the quantitative ascertainment of scientific basics, the journey also made possible detailed descriptions in matters of regional studies including social, socio-economic, political, and economic-geographic circumstances, which were based on empirical field studies. The expedition took place shortly...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Historical geography; Regional studies; Latin America; Spanish colonies; Alexander von Humboldt.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652005000200010

A Scientometric view of some Biological disciplines in Chile
Provedor de dados: 48
Autores: KRAUSKOPF,MANUEL.
During the last decade the articles published by Chilean Research Centers grew 1,73 which compares to the 2.34 fold increase of mainstream research articles registered as a whole in Latin America. However, the relative impact of the Chilean publications surpassed that of Latin America. In Biological Sciences, traditionally the strongest research area within Chile, Latin America also shows a steeper slope of growth. Qualitatively, biological disciplines in Chile are comparable to those published in Latin America although in Chile there are specialties as Physiology that surpass the average world's impact. The scientometric data is consistent with the fall in individual grants that the Chilean Research Fund (FONDECYT) has been allocating during the last...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Research output; Biological sciences; Chile; Latin America; Scientometric analyses.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602002000100012

Atraumatic restorative treatment - glass ionomer sealants survival after a postgraduate training program in Ecuador: 2-year follow-up
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Rios,Edisson Lopez; Diniz,Ivana Márcia Alves; Ruiz,Oswaldo; Marques,Márcia Martins.
This study aimed to evaluate the survival of atraumatic restorative treatment high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants (ART-hvGIS) and its relationship with carious lesions incidence in underserved communities of Ecuador. A total of 483 first permanent molars with ART-hvGIS were included after treatment, in which fifteen students of the First Preventive Dentistry Post Graduate Program of Universidad Central del Ecuador assisted 176 schoolchildren, from 5 to 12 year-old. All the students had previously participated in a training course in ART approach. After one and two years follow-up, schoolchildren were reevaluated in relation to sealants retention and new carious lesions development. After first year of evaluation ART-hvGIS retention rate was about 30% and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dental atraumatic restorative treatment; Glass ionomer cements; Pit and fissure sealants; Latin America.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132015000100049

Prevalence of maternal group B streptococcal colonization and related risk factors in a Brazilian population
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Zusman,Alexander S.; Baltimore,Robert S.; Fonseca,Silvia N.S.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of maternal group B Streptococcal (GBS) colonization and compare risk factor data related to GBS colonization. A prospective surveillance study of 598 pregnant women was conducted in two socioeconomically diverse maternity hospitals in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil between June and October 1999. Swabs from the lower vagina were obtained between 35 and 37 weeks gestation and cultured on selective media. Risk factor data were obtained by patient interview and chart review. The overall maternal GBS colonization prevalence rate was 17.9%. There was no association of GBS colonization with maternity hospital and no association of GBS colonization with previously identified risk factors, such as age, race,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Group B Streptococcus (GBS); Colonization; Neonatal sepsis; Brazil; Latin America; Risk factors.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702006000400005

Antibacterial resistance of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens recovered from patients in Latin America: results from the PROTEKT surveillance study (1999-2000)
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Mendes,C.; Marin,M. E.; Quiñones,F.; Sifuentes-Osornio,J.; Cuilty Siller,C.; Castanheira,M.; Zoccoli,C. M.; López,H.; Súcari,A.; Rossi,F.; Barriga Angulo,G.; Segura,A.J.A.; Starling,C.; Mimica,I.; Felmingham,D.
PROTEKT (Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin) is a global surveillance study established in 1999 to monitor antibacterial resistance of respiratory tract organisms. Thirteen centers from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico participat ed during 1999-2000; they collected 1,806 isolates (Streptococcus pneumoniae 518, Haemophilus influenzae 520, Moraxella catarrhalis 140, Staphylococcus aureus 351, S. pyogenes 277). Overall, 218 (42.1%) of the S. pneumoniae isolates had reduced susceptibility to penicillin, 79 (15.3%) were penicillin-resistant and 79 (15.3%) were erythromycin-resistant. Mexico had the highest prevalence of penicillin (76.5%) and erythromycin (31.2%) resistance. Of 77 erythromycin-resistant S....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: PROTEKT; Latin America; Resistance; Respiratory tract infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702003000100006

Changes in Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility across Latin America between 2004 and 2010
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Garza-González,Elvira; Dowzicky,Michael Joseph.
The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial is a global surveillance study monitoring the efficacy of tigecycline and comparators against clinically important pathogens. Between 2004 and 2010, 3126 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from 66 centers in 13 countries in Latin America; of these, 1467 (46.9%) were resistant to methicillin. The main contributors of S. aureus isolates were Mexico (n = 846), Argentina (n = 740), and Colombia (n = 445). The methicillin-resistant S. aureus rate was greater than 50% in five countries, the highest reported in Puerto Rico (73.9%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus rates across Latin America ranged from 40.1% to 50.6% over the study period. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to linezolid and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tigecycline; Antimicrobial surveillance; Latin America; Staphylococcus aureus.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000100003

An outbreak of Candida spp. bloodstream infection in a tertiary care center in Bogotá, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: DiazGranados,Carlos A.; Martinez,Adriana; Deaza,Ceneth; Valderrama,Sandra.
Several cases of Candida bloodstream infections were documented from June to October 2004 at a tertiary care center in Bogotá, Colombia. Since no cases of candidemia had occurred during the preceding four months, an outbreak was declared. As a result, a microbiological study, a revision of infection control practices and a case-control study were performed. In all, 18 cases of candidemia were ascertained. Parenteral nutrition (p=0.04), presence of a central line (p=0.03), and severity of illness (p=0.03) were associated with candidemia in bivariate analysis. Diverse Candida species were observed. Candida parapsilosis contamination was found in plastic containers used for transient intravenous (IV) medication storage at the bedside, plastic bags reused for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Candida; Fungemia; Disease outbreaks; Developing countries; Colombia; Latin America.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702008000500009

Epidemiology of Clostridium difﬁcile: a hospital-based descriptive study in Argentina and Mexico
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Lopardo,Gustavo; Morﬁn-Otero,Rayo; Moran-Vazquez,Iliana Isabel; Noriega,Fernando; Zambrano,Betzana; Luxemburger,Christine; Foglia,Ginamarie; Rivas,Enrique Eduardo.
A prospective study was conducted in four tertiary hospitals in Argentina and Mexico in order to describe the occurrence of Clostridium difﬁcileinfection (CDI) in these settings. The objective was to evaluate the incidence of CDI in at-risk populations in Argentina (one center) and Mexico (three centers) and to further explore potential study sites for vaccine development in this region. A prospective, descriptive, CDI surveillance study was conducted among hospitalized patients aged ≥40 years who had received ≥48 h of antibiotic treatment. Stool samples were collected from those with diarrhea within 30 days after starting antibiotics and analyzed for toxins A and B by ELISA, and positive samples were further tested by toxinogenic culture and restriction...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Clostridium infections; Epidemiology; Latin America; Incidence.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000100008

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Krauss,Margot R.; Harris,D. Robert; Abreu,Thalita; Ferreira,Fabiana G.; Ruz,Noris Pavia; Worrell,Carol; Hazra,Rohan.
Objective:To evaluate the occurrence, clinical presentations and diagnostic methods for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents from Latin America.Methods:A retrospective analysis of children with tuberculosis and HIV was performed within a prospective observational cohort study conducted at multiple clinical sites in Latin America.Results:Of 1114 HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents followed from 2002 to 2011, 69 that could be classiﬁed as having conﬁrmed or presumed tuberculosis were included in this case series; 52.2% (95% CI: 39.8-64.4%) had laboratory-conﬁrmed tuberculosis, 15.9% (95% CI: 8.2-26.7%) had clinically conﬁrmed disease and 31.9% (95% CI: 21.2-44.2%) had presumed tuberculosis. Sixty-six were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis HIV; Children; Latin America.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000100023

Diagnosis and susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Zurita,Jeannete; Mejía,Carlos; Guzmán-Blanco,Manuel.
Strategies to monitor and control the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are dependent on accurate and timely diagnosis of MRSA in both hospital and community settings. In Latin America, significant diversity in diagnostic and susceptibility testing procedures exists at the regional, national and local levels. Various tests for S. aureus and MRSA are available in clinical settings, but the application of these techniques differs between and within countries, and quality control measures are not uniformly applied to verify diagnoses. To optimize the diagnosis of MRSA infections across Latin America, a more consistent approach is required. This may include: adoption and appropriate adaption of specific guidelines for MRSA...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: MRSA; Diagnosis; Susceptibility testing; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000800005

SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program report: latin american and brazilian results for 1997 through 2001
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Sader,Helio S.; Jones,Ronald N.; Gales,Ana C.; Silva,Juliana B.; Pignatari,Antonio C.
The alarming emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among common bacteria threatens the effectiveness of therapy for many infections. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is essential to identify the major problems and guide adequate control measures. Several resistance surveillance programs have been implemented in North America and Europe in the last decade; however, very few programs have assessed antimicrobial resistance in Latin American countries. The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program was initiated in 1997 and represents the most comprehensive surveillance program in place at the present time worldwide. The SENTRY Program collects consecutive isolates from clinically documented infections in more than 80 medical centers...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: SENTRY; Antimicrobial resistance; Nosocomial infection; Surveillance; Latin America.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702004000100004

The changing pattern of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones in Latin America: implications for clinical practice in the region
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Rodríguez-Noriega,Eduardo; Seas,Carlos.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones belonging to the Brazilian, Pediatric, Cordobes/Chilean and New York/Japan clonal complexes are widely distributed across Latin America, although their individual distribution patterns and resistance to antimicrobial drugs are constantly changing. Furthermore, clones with increased virulence are beginning to appear more frequently both in hospital and community settings, and there is evidence that virulence factors can be transferred between hospital- and community-associated clones through recombination. These changing patterns have significant implications for clinical practice in the region. Most importantly, clinicians need to be aware of the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: MRSA; Clones; Molecular epidemiology; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000800004

Susceptibility rates in Latin American nations: report from a regional resistance surveillance program (2011)
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Jones,Ronald N.; Guzman-Blanco,Manuel; Gales,Ana C.; Gallegos,Belisario; Castro,Aura Lucia Leal; Martino,Marines Dalla Valle; Vega,Silvio; Zurita,Jeannete; Cepparulo,Mario; Castanheira,Mariana.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a resistance (R) surveillance program monitoring antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Latin America (LATAM; Argentina [ARG], Brazil [BRA], Chile, Colombia [CBA], Costa Rica, Ecuador [ECU], Guatemala [GUA], Mexico [MEX], Panama [PAN], Peru, and Venezuela [VEN]). METHODS: In 2011, 4979 organisms were collected from 11 nations (20 laboratories) for susceptibility testing in a central laboratory design. Antimicrobials were tested by CLSI methods and results interpreted by CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints. Most common Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus [SA, 921], other staphylococci [CoNS; 299], enterococci [218], Streptococcus pneumoniae [SPN; 182], β-haemolytic streptococci [115]) and Gram-negative (E. coli [EC; 644], Klebsiella spp....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; Surveillance; Resistance; ESBL; Β-Lactamases.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000600009

Ceftolozane-tazobactam activity against drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing healthcare-associated infections in Latin America: report from an antimicrobial surveillance program (2013-2015)
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Pfaller,Michael A.; Shortridge,Dee; Sader,Helio S.; Gales,Ana; Castanheira,Mariana; Flamm,Robert K.
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparator agents tested against Latin American isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with health care-associated infections. Ceftolozane-tazobactam is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a well-established β-lactamase inhibitor.A total of 2415 Gram-negative organisms (537 P. aeruginosa and 1878 Enterobacteriaceae) were consecutively collected in 12 medical centers located in four Latin American countries. The organisms were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods as described by the CLSI M07-A10 document and the results interpreted according to EUCAST and CLSI breakpoint criteria.  Results: Ceftolozane-tazobactam...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ceftolozane-tazobactam; Drug resistance; Enterobacteriaceae; P. aeruginosa; Latin America; Surveillance.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000600627

Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Alvarez,C; Salazar,R; Galindez,J; Rangel,F; CastaÃ±eda,ML; Lopardo,G; Cuhna,CA; Roldan,Y; Sussman,O; Gutierrez,G; Cure-Bolt,N; Seas,C; Carcamo,C; Castrillo,M.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study. METHODS: A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,010 patients...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Metabolic syndrome (MS); HIV; ART; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000300010

Extended spectrum β-lactamase producers among nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Guzmán-Blanco,Manuel; Labarca,Jaime A.; Villegas,Maria Virginia; Gotuzzo,Eduardo.
To review the epidemiology of nosocomial extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Latin America, a systematic search of the biomedical literature (PubMed) was performed for articles published since 2005. Rates of nosocomial infections caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Latin America have increased since 2005. Up to 32% of Escherichia coli and up to 58% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive, rates that are higher than in other world regions. From a region-wide perspective, 11-25% of E. coli isolates and 45-53% of K. pneumoniae isolates were nonsusceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. At the country level, there was a wide range in Enterobacteriaceae...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; Latin America; Bacterial resistance.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000400421

Thermotolerance of Histoplasma capsulatum at 40 °C predominates among clinical isolates from different Latin American regions
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Sahaza,Jorge H.; Rodríguez-Arellanez,Gabriela; Canteros,Cristina E.; Reyes-Montes,María del Rocío; Taylor,Maria Lucia.
ABSTRACT The yeast phase of 22 Histoplasma capsulatum clinical isolates from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, and Guatemala and three reference strains, one from Panama and two from the United States of America (USA), were screened for thermosensitivity characteristics using different analyses. Growth curves at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h of incubation at 37 and 40 °C, the growth inhibition percentage at 40 °C, and the doubling time at 37 and 40 °C were determined for all yeasts studied. Most of the isolates examined exhibited thermotolerant phenotypes at 40 °C, whereas a thermosensitive phenotype at 40 °C was only detected in the Downs reference strain from the USA. Growth inhibition values lower than 33.8% supported the predominance of the thermotolerant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Latin America; H. capsulatum; Yeasts; Thermotolerance; Thermosensitivity.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702020000100044

Ceftaroline activity tested against contemporary Latin American bacterial pathogens (2011)
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Flamm,Robert K.; Sader,Helio S.; Jones,Ronald N.
A total of 2484 target bacterial pathogens were collected (one per patient episode) from patients in 16 Latin American medical centers located in seven nations during 2011. Isolate identity was confirmed at a coordinating laboratory and susceptibility testing was performed for ceftaroline and comparator agents according to reference broth microdilution methods. A total of 30.0% of isolates were from respiratory tract, 29.4% from skin and skin structure, 21.4% from blood stream, 7.9% from urinary tract and 11.3% from other sites. Ceftaroline was active againstStaphylococcus aureus (42.8% MRSA) with 83.6% of the isolates at &lt;1mg/L and all isolates at &lt;2mg/L (MIC5090, 0.25/2mg/L). National MRSA rates ranged from a low of 28.8% in Colombia to a high of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ceftaroline; Latin America; AWARE.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000200187

Activity of ceftaroline and comparators against pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections in Latin America - results of AWARE surveillance 2012
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Hoban,Daryl; Biedenbach,Douglas; Sahm,Daniel; Reiszner,Edina; Iaconis,Joseph.
ABSTRACT As part of the Assessing Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation (AWARE) surveillance program in 2012 the in vitro activity of ceftaroline and relevant comparator antimicrobials was evaluated in six Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela) against pathogens isolated from patients with hospital associated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). The study documented that ceftaroline was highly active (MIC90 0.25 mg/L/% susceptible 100%) against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC90 2 mg/L/% susceptible 83.3%) and ß-hemolytic streptococci (MIC90 0.008-0.015 mg/L/% susceptible 100%). The activity of ceftaroline against selected species of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ceftaroline; Skin pathogens; Latin America.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000600596

Relationship between viral load and behavioral measures of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children living with human immunodeficiency virus in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Duarte,Horacio A.; Harris,Donald Robert; Tassiopoulos,Katherine; Leister,Erin; Negrini,Silvia Fabiana Biason de Moura; Ferreira,Flávia Faleiro; Cruz,Maria Letícia Santos; Pinto,Jorge; Allison,Susannah; Hazra,Rohan.
Few studies have examined antiretroviral therapy adherence in Latin American children. Standardized behavioral measures were applied to a large cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru to assess adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy doses during the three days prior to study visits, assess timing of last missed dose, and evaluate the ability of the adherence measures to predict viral suppression. Time trends in adherence were modeled using a generalized estimating equations approach to account for possible correlations in outcomes measured repeatedly in the same participants. Associations of adherence with human immunodeficiency virus viral load were examined using linear regression. Mean enrollment age...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pediatric; ART; Adherence; Latin America.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000300263

Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Luna,Carlos M; Rodríguez-Noriega,Eduardo; Bavestrello,Luis; Gotuzzo,Eduardo.
The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) means it is now a pathogen of worldwide public health concern. Within Latin America, MRSA is highly prevalent, with the proportion of S. aureus isolates that are methicillin-resistant on the rise, yet resources for managing the infection are limited. While several guidelines exist for the treatment of MRSA infections, many are written for the North American or European setting and need adaptation for use in Latin America. In this article, we aim to emphasize the importance of appropriate treatment of MRSA in the healthcare and community settings of Latin America. We present a summary of the available guidelines and antibiotics, and discuss particular considerations for clinicians...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: MRSA; Treatment; Antibiotic therapy; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000800007

Online continuing interprofessional education on hospital-acquired infections for Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Medina-Presentado,Julio C.; Margolis,Alvaro; Teixeira,Lucia; Lorier,Leticia; Gales,Ana C.; Pérez-Sartori,Graciela; Oliveira,Maura S.; Seija,Verónica; Paciel,Daniela; Vignoli,Rafael; Guerra,Silvia; Albornoz,Henry; Arteta,Zaida; Lopez-Arredondo,Antonio; García,Sofía.
Abstract  Introduction: Latin America is a large and diverse region, comprising more than 600 million inhabitants and one million physicians in over 20 countries. Resistance to antibacterial drugs is particularly important in the region. This paper describes the design, implementation and results of an international bi-lingual (Spanish and Portuguese) online continuing interprofessional interactive educational program on hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance for Latin America, supported by the American Society for Microbiology.  Methods: Participation, satisfaction and knowledge gain (through pre and post tests) were used. Moreover, commitment to change statements were requested from participants at the end of the course and three...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Internet; Continuing education; Interprofessional education; MOOC; Hospital-acquired infections; Latin America.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000200140

Prevention strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Alvarez,Carlos; Labarca,Jaime; Salles,Mauro.
After the first reports of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the 1970s, numerous measures intended to prevent its transmission were initiated in hospitals. However, in most cases, large-scale measures failed to be implemented and the transmission of MRSA has since led to a global pandemic. Presently, doubts still remain about the best approach to prevent and control MRSA and more often than not, control measures are not implemented. Therefore, we review here the current situation in Latin America with respect to existing policies for control of MRSA, and evaluate the evidence for control measures in hospitals and the community. We look at the risk factors for infection and transmission of MRSA between hospital patients...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: MRSA; Prevention; Infection control; Latin America.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000800006

Strategies to reduce mortality and morbidity due to AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Vidal,Jose E.; Oliveira,Augusto C. Penalva de; Dauar,Rafi F.; Boulware,David R.
Latin America is the region with the third most AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis infections globally. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the number of infections; however, the number of deaths and the case-fatality rate continues to be unacceptable. In this review, we focus on the burden of AIDS-related cryptococcosis in Latin America and discuss potential strategies to reduce early mortality from Cryptococcus. In this review, we highlight the importance of: (1) earlier HIV diagnosis and HAART initiation with retention-in-care to avoid AIDS; (2) pre-HAART cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) screening with preemptive fluconazole treatment; (3) better diagnostics (e.g. CRAG testing); and (4) optimal treatment with aggressive management of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cryptococcal meningitis; Cryptococccosis; Epidemiology; Diagnosis; Treatment; Mortality; Latin America.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000300008

Rates of antimicrobial resistance in latin america (2004-2007) and in vitro activity of the glycylcycline tigecycline and of other antibiotics
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Rossi,Flávia; García,Patricia; Ronzon,Bernardo; Curcio,Daniel; Dowzicky,Michael J.
As a part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.), Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were collected from 33 centers in Latin America (centers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela) from January 2004 to September 2007. Argentina and Mexico were the greatest contributors of isolates to this study. Susceptibilities were determined according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Resistance levels were high for most key organisms across Latin America: 48.3% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant while 21.4% of Acinetobacter spp. isolates were imipenem-resistant. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase were reported in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Antibacterial resistance; Latin America; Tigecycline; Surveillance.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702008000500012

The contribution of Latin American research to HPV epidemiology and natural history knowledge
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Sichero,L.; Picconi,M.A.; Villa,L.L.
Our aim was to review the major contributions of studies conducted in different Latin American (LA) countries to the field of human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology, natural history, risk of disease, and prevention strategies, mainly in the uterine cervix. Although cytological screening is established in several countries in LA, incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer (CC) are still extremely high. Finally, data from large cohort studies conducted in LA countries provided seminal data to propose primary and secondary prevention modalities: the HPV vaccine has been introduced in the national immunization programs of several LA countries and multiple screening experiences using HPV testing are under evaluation in the region.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: HPV; Latin America; Immunization; Cervical cancer; Natural history; Screening.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2020000200302

The importance of integrons for development and propagation of resistance in Shigella: the case of Latin America
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Barrantes,Kenia; Achí,Rosario.
Abstract In Latin America, the disease burden of shigellosis is found to coexist with the rapid and rampant spread of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The molecular basis of antibiotic resistance lies within genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, integrons, genomic islands, etc., which are found in the bacterial genome. Integrons are known to acquire, exchange, and express genes within gene cassettes and it is hypothesized that they play a significant role in the transmission of multidrug resistance genes in several Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella. A few studies have described antibiotic resistance genes and integrons among multidrug resistant Shigella isolates found in Latin America. For example, in Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Shigella; Antibiotic resistant; Integron; Gene cassettes; Latin America.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000400800

Food security and livestock: The case of Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 118
Autores: Rodríguez,Diego Ignacio; Anríquez,Gustavo; Riveros,José Luis.
The main hurdle to achieving food security in Latin America and the Caribbean is the inability of many poor families to access the foods necessary for a healthy diet, in a context in which food prices and family incomes are fundamental determinants. Animal husbandry plays a key role in the food security of the region, providing products rich in high-quality proteins and micronutrients and is vital for millions of households that depend on livestock for their livelihoods to generate income and have access to basic services. Furthermore, the production and trade of livestock products contributes to the stabilization of the food supply, acting as a buffer during economic crises and disasters both at the individual and community levels. Small farm agriculture...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Food policies; Food security; Latin America; Livestock; Malnutrition; Rural livelihood; Small farm agriculture.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202016000100001