Consulta: subjectFacets:"O13"
Registros recuperados: 251
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 10:00:49

How Do Public Disclosure Pollution Control Programs Work? Evidence from Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Afsah,   Shakeb; Blackman,   Allen; Ratunanda,   Damayanti.
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that publicly disclosing information about plants' environmental performance can motivate emissions reductions, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To help fill this gap, this paper presents original data from a survey of plants participating in the Program for Pollution Control, Evaluation and Rating (PROPER), Indonesia's widely-acclaimed public disclosure program. These data suggest that a key means by which PROPER spurs abatement is improving factory managers' information about their own plants' emissions and abatement opportunities. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view in the literature that public disclosure enhances pressures to abate placed on firms by external agents such as community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public disclosure; Environment; Voluntary regulation; Informal regulation; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10515

Measuring Agricultural Innovation System Properties and Performance: Illustrations from Ethiopia and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Kelemework,   Dawit.
Agriculture; developing countries; innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50791

Scarcity and Growth in the New Millennium: Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   R. David; Toman,   Michael; Ayres,   Robert U.
In their 1963 classic Scarcity and Growth Howard Barnett and Chandler Morse argued that resource scarcity did not threaten economic growth. A second investigation in the late 1970s, Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered, reached largely the same conclusion. The 25 years since that work was published have witnessed many developments. The message of Scarcity and Growth that depletion of market resources was not a problem has given way to a concern that "new scarcities" of environmental quality, global climate, and biological diversity are emerging. Resources for the Future recently assembled a distinguished group of international scholars to again address scarcity and growth. This paper describes their charge and summarizes their findings. Technological progress...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: History of economic thought; Technological change; Renewable resources and economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; B12; B20; N50; O13; O14; O33; O47; Q20; Q32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10835

Endogenous Discounting and Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of abrupt climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnified by economic growth. In particular, we find that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission should be terminated at a finite time so that the ensuing occurrence risk will vanish in the long run. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. In fact, the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Hazard rate; Discounting; Economic growth; Emission policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37944

Potential Impacts of a Green Revolution in Africa – the Case of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Diao,   Xinshen; Thurlow,   James; Al-Hassan,   Ramatu M.
Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Green Revolution; Growth; Poverty; Africa; Ghana; CGE; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; D58; O13; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51086

How Inefficient Really Are the Small-Scale Rice Farmers in Eastern India?: Examining the Effects of Microtopography on the Estimation of Technical Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuwa,   Nobuhiko; Edmonds,   Christopher M.; Banik,   Pabitra.
We focus on the impact of failing to control for differences in land types defined along toposequence on estimates of farm technical efficiency for small-scale rice farms in eastern India.  In contrast with the existing literature, we find that those farms may be considerably more technically efficient than they appear from more aggregated analysis without such control. Farms planted with modern rice varieties are technically efficient. Furthermore, farms planted with traditional rice varieties operate close to the production frontier on less productive lands (upland and mid-upland), but significant technical inefficiency exists on more productive lands (medium land and lowland).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier production function; Productivity; Rice; India; Farm Management; O13; O33; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19435

Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uchida,   Emi; Rozelle,   Scott; Xu,   Jintao.
This study evaluates the off-farm labor response of rural households participating in the Grain for Green program in China, the largest conservation set-aside program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we examine the impact of the program on changes in off-farm labor participation between 1999 (pre-program) and 2004 (post-program) using a difference-in-differences approach and several extensions that account for program intensity. We also test whether the program impact is diverse depending on level of physical and human capital of participants.  We find that on average the Grain for Green program has a positive effect on off-farm labor participation. Importantly, however, we find that program effects vary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Off-farm labor supply; Grain for Green program; China; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; J22; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9698

GROWTH PATTERN, SUSTAINABILITY AND TRADE IN A LAND CONSTRAINED ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irz,   Xavier T.; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper develops a two-sector model of growth where agriculture is considered explicitly.  Key features of the model include: the reliance of agricultural production on a fixed but degrading resource base, the use by the farm sector of industrially produced inputs and differing rates of technological progress in the two sectors.  On the demand side, the low income elasticity for food as well as the life-sustaining function of food consumption are recognized. In this simplified framework, the sustainability of growth can be related to the existence of a steady state reflecting the ability of the economy to feed its population.  This property is used to identify the characteristics within and outside of agriculture conducive to the sustainability of a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Agriculture and growth; Dynamic general equilibrium model; International Development; O41; O13; F11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21762

Does Agriculture Help Poverty and Inequality Reduction? Evidence from Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viet Cuong,   Nguyen.
This paper measures impacts of production of crops, forestry, livestock and aquaculture on household welfare, poverty and inequality in rural Vietnam using fixed-effects regressions. Data used in this paper are from Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys 2002 and 2004. It is found that impact estimates of the production of crops and forestry on per capita income and consumption expenditure are not statistically significant. Impact estimates of the livestock production are positive and statistically significant for per capita income, but not statistically significant for per capita expenditure. However, the aquacultural production has positive and statistically significant impacts on both income and expenditure. As a result, the aquacultural production...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Farm households; Welfare; Poverty; Inequality; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; Q12; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118576

Preparing for catastrophic climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Withagen,   Cees.
We study optimal adaptation to climate change when the harmful consequences of global warming are associated with stochastic occurrence of abrupt changes. The adaptation policy entails the accumulation of a particular sort of capital that will eliminate or reduce the catastrophic damage of an abrupt climate change when (and if) it occurs. The occurrence date is uncertain. The policy problem involves balancing the tradeoffs between the (certain) investment cost prior to occurrence and the benefit (in reduced damage) that will be realized after the (uncertain) occurrence date. For stationary economies the optimal adaptation capital converges to a steady state. For growing economies the optimal adaptation capital stock approaches the maximal economic level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Hazard; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117652

Farmers' Subjective Valuation of Subsistence Crops: The Case of Traditional Maize in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arslan,   Aslihan; Taylor,   J. Edward.
Shadow prices guide farmers' resource allocations, but for subsistence farmers growing traditional crops, shadow prices may bear little relationship with market prices. We econometrically estimate shadow prices of maize using data from a nationally representative survey of rural households in Mexico. Shadow prices are significantly higher than the market price for traditional but not improved maize varieties. They are particularly high in the indigenous areas of southern and southeastern Mexico, indicating large de facto incentives to maintain traditional maize there.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Shadow prices; Non-market values; Supply response; Traditional crops; Onfarm conservation; Mexico; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O12; O13; Q12; Q39.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44488

A Spatial-Intertemporal Model for Tropical Forest Management Applied to Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albers,   Heidi J.
This paper discusses the application of a spatial-intertemporal model for tropical forest management to Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. This type of model, especially the spatial components, finds different optimal land allocations than do traditional models at empirically relevant levels of benefits. The spatial analysis here suggests that most of this park can be best used as a preserved area and also provides support for expanding the park into an adjacent unpopulated area. The analysis demonstrates that the park's benefits to regional agriculture and villagers are large enough that preservation can proceed without international support, and that local people, as a group, have incentives to maintain most of the area as preserved land. Although the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Parks; Protected areas; People-park conflict; Spatial; Biodiversity; Option value; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q15; O13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10751

A Tale of Two Communities: Explaining Deforestation in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Explaining land use change in Mexico requires understanding the behavior of the local institutions involved. We develop two theories to explain deforestation in communities with and without forestry projects, where the former involves a process of side payments to non-members of the community and the latter of partial cooperation among community members. Data collected in 2002 combined with satellite imagery are used to test these theories. For the forestry villages, we establish a positive relationship between the distribution of profits as dividends instead of public goods and forest loss. For communities not engaged in forestry projects, deforestation is largely related to the ability of the community to induce the formation of a coalition of members...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Common property; Partial cooperation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D70; H41; O13; N56; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25066

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

Will Buying Tropical Forest Carbon Benefit The Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Lipper,   Leslie; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Hendy,   Joanna; Sanchez,   Arturo.
We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and  transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807

Factors Influencing the Success Potential in Smallholder Irrigation Projects of South Africa: A Principal Component Regression
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magingxa,   Litha Light; Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta; van Schalkwyk,   Herman D.
The objective of this paper is to examine the role of the factors expected to influence the success potential of small holder irrigation projects as they apply in the South African context. The study was conducted in six smallholder irrigation schemes in three provinces namely: Eastern Cape, Limpopo and Mpumalanga. To determine the farmers' potential success (dependent variable), a cluster analysis was conducted yielding two groups of farmers - the less successful and more successful. The principal component regression (PCR) tool was used to analyse the data and deal with the problem of multicollinearity, transforming the explanatory variables into principal component estimators. There were fourteen explanatory variables. Out of the nine statistically...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Success potential; Smallholder; South Africa; Irrigation projects; Principal component regression; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D1; O13; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25348

CURRENT STATE OF THE COTTON AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN KAZAKHSTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azhimetova, Gulfari.
The textile industry of Kazakhstan is presented basically by enterprises created in period of centrally planned economy and as consequence. Low labor productivity, lacking equipment base and technologies, poor marketing are problems of the current state of industry.   But, there are also advantages as a vicinity of potential cotton manufacturers - Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan.  A free economic zone (FEZ) “Ontustik” has been established and a program of “Ontustik” FEZ development has been adopted for developing the cotton and textile cluster in Kazakhstan. The law “About development of the cotton branch” has been adopted in Kazakhstan to provide the textile enterprises with necessary raw material and to develop the domestic cotton growing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton and textile cluster; Cotton receipt; Free economic zone «Ontustik»; Cotton; System of obligations fulfillment warranty.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; L67; M11; O13; UDC: 677.01.055.942(574).
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92359

Technical Efficiency and Adoption of Soil Conservation in El Salvador and Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solis,   Daniel; Bravo-Ureta,   Boris E.; Quiroga,   Ricardo E.
A household-level switching regression model is implemented to examine potential selectivity bias for rural households under high and low levels of investments in soil conservation in El Salvador and Honduras. In the presence of selectivity bias, separate stochastic production frontiers are estimated for low and high adopters. The main results indicate that households with higher levels of investments in soil conservation show higher average TE than those with a lower level of investments. Constrains in the rural land and credit markets are likely explanations for these differences. The results also indicate that for farms with lower levels of investments in soil conservation access to credit is a significant factor explaining the sources of inefficiency....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontiers; Technical Efficiency; Switching Regression; Central America; Soil Conservation; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; O13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25784

Investing in Livestock Development in Water-Scarce Semi-Arid Watersheds: Technological, Institutional and Policy Dimensions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Puskur,   Ranjitha.
Watershed Development Programmes (WDPs) in India were conceived as tools for correcting the regional imbalances in agricultural development created by Green Revolution, through investments in soil and water conservation (SWC) and natural resource management (NRM) in rainfed areas. Though the overall impact of WDPs has been positive and significant, with increase in physical and economic access to groundwater, landless and marginal households hardly benefited from watershed development. Recent evidence points out that in many watersheds inequities increased, since for non-land owning and -well owning households access to drinking water, grazing lands and other natural resources decreased. This paper is based on a research project carried out by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Watersheds; Livestock; Environment; Livelihoods; Markets; Services; Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q56; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25724

Climate change policy in a growing economy under catastrophic risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of catastrophic climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnifed by economic growth. In particular, it implies that green- house gases (GHG) emission should gradually be brought to a halt. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. We find that the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Environmental catastrophes; Economic growth; Emission policy; Hazard rate; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7132

POST-URUGUAY ROUND PRICE LINKAGES BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF RICE AND WHEAT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yavapolkul,   Navin; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Gulati,   Ashok.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture attempted to lower distortions in the global agricultural markets. However, the significant fall in commodity prices in late 1990s may have reduced the incentives for both developed and developing countries to better integrate into the world markets. This study analyzes price linkages and adjustment between developed and developing countries during the post-Uruguay Round period. Prices of two key commodity markets, long-grain rice and medium-hard wheat, are assembled for major exporters and producers. Results from the multivariate cointegration analysis suggest partial market integration between developed and developing countries in the post-Uruguay Round period. Developed countries are found to be price leaders...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Price Linkage; Developing Countries; Rice markets; Wheat Markets; Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA); Doha Development round of the World Trade Organization (WTO); International Relations/Trade; Q17; O13; Q11.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60453

Economic Effects of Biofuel Production on States and Rural Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Westhoff,   Patrick C.
This study summarizes research on farm-, local-, regional-, and macro-level economic effects of ethanol production.  Given current production levels, the ethanol production industry annually employees approximately 3,500 workers, pays out nearly $132 million in worker salaries, generates over $110 million in local taxes, and takes in some $2 billion in government incentive payments.  Projections for a 60 million gallon per year ethanol plant indicate an annual increase in corn usage of 21 million bushels, a one-time capitalization of $75 million, an increase in local corn prices between $0.06/bushel and $0.12/bushel, a 54 direct and 210 indirect jobs created, and increase in local tax revenues of $1.2 million, a decrease in federal commodity program...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Ethanol; Local economy; Government subsidies; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q40; Q42; R10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43774

The Long Trace of Inequality: Evidence from Cundinamarca, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galan,   Juan Sebastian.
This paper uses historic data from Cundinamarca, Colombia to empirically assess the impact of land inequality persistence, inherited from the colonial rule, on economic development in the long run. Based on the Engerman &amp; Sokoloff hypothesis and the use of GIS, I use plausible exogenous variation in land endowments to design an instrumental variable strategy. In contrast to recent studies, I find that more unequal municipalities in the XIX and XX century are associated with better growth, human capital and public goods provision measures today. Political economy channels instead of agricultural productivity gains can explain these results. In municipalities where land was historically more concentrated, powerful landowners were more successful in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land inequality; Growth; Public goods; Political economy; Land Economics/Use; O13; D31; N36.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107398

The Export-Production Decision of Chilean Farmers: The Case of Blueberry Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy; Moreira,   Victor H.; Cortes,   Pedro.
This article analyzes the relative importance of producers’ attributes and farms’ geographical characteristics in the decision to produce an exportable good (blueberries) in the southern region of Chile. Using farm-level data, a logit model is estimated to identify factors influencing the export-production decision.  Results show that the probability of producing blueberries increases with the educational level of producers (a proxy for productivity), the presence of irrigation and drainage systems, and the availability of labor.  The last factor, which arises from the proximity to large and urbanized regions, has a stronger effect on the export-production decisions of Chilean farms than either farmers’ education or farms’ physical characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Export Production; Geography; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F11; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51025

The Effect of Climate Change over Agricultural Factor Productivity: Some Econometric Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarl,   Bruce A.; Villavicencio,   Xavier; Wu,   Ximing.
This paper examines the role that climate change might be playing in the declining returns to agricultural research. For this purpose, we estimate a cross-section time-series model of agricultural total factor productivity for the U.S. states over the period 1970–1999, with the inclusion of climatic variables, and controlling for non stationarity of the data. Our findings suggest that after controlling for climatic variables and non stationarity, the effect of Public Agricultural Research Capital over Total Factor Productivity is reduced.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Factor Productivity; Returns to Research; Panel Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; O13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49452

The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas’s Rice Breeding Program: 1983–2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Moldenhauer,   Karen A.; Lyman,   Nathaniel.
This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University’s breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997–2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic impact of technological change; Just and Pope; Public rice breeding; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100653

Optimization of land and resource use at farm-aggregated level in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan with the integrated model FLEOM – model description and first application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sommer,   Rolf; Djanibekov,   Nodir; Salaev,   Omonbek.
Land use and crop production in the Khorezm region in western Uzbekistan, exemplarily for the irrigated low-lands of Central Asia, is adversely affected by the excessive, non-sustainable use of irrigation water on one hand, repeated droughts on the other hand, and by soil degradation by secondary salinization. One of the research objectives of the German-Uzbek Khorezm project, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and led by ZEF, is to better understand options for land use and choice of technology at the farm level in order to evaluate and propose technological alternatives and policy options for sustainable land use in Khorezm. To address the latter, the integrated so-called Farm-Level Economic-Ecological Optimization Model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability of agro-ecosystems; Integrated biophysical-economic modeling; Cropping system; Land use planning; Policy assessment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; O13; O21; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92546

Wealth, Living Standards and Perceptions in a Cotton Economy: Evidence from the Cotton Reform in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan.
The cotton economy of Burkina Faso has been characterized by a changing rural environment for farmers since late nineties, which has come with the cotton reform and the resulting cotton boost. There have been slight improvements in living standards and rural households’ income while the subjective feeling of wealth has significantly increased. In this paper, I explore the channels through which the elements of the changing rural environment can bridge the wedge between subjective and objective measures of wealth. In addition to the basic determinants of subjective welfare that can be found in the happiness economics literature, namely absolute and relative income measures, health and social status (and expectations of future incomes), I investigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subjective wealth; Burkina Faso's cotton; Rural development; Agricultural policy; Perceptions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; I32; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45780

Oil Revenues, Ethnic Fragmentation and Political Transition of Authoritarian Regimes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cologni,   Alessandro; Manera,   Matteo.
Natural resources are generally associated to negative effects on the political environment of a country. This paper explores the impact that oil revenues have on the establishment of a given political system. Based on previous literature, a political economy perspective is employed. A simple game theoretical approach in order to explain the relationships between oil revenues, political instability (conflicts) and emergence of different political systems is presented. The implementation of particular redistributive fiscal policies together with the possibility that paternalistic or “predatory" autocracies emerge are considered. Under certain circumstances, a process of full democratization is argued not to represent an optimal choice for the oil-rich...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural Resources; Rentier States; Conflict and Endogenous Political Regimes; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C72; D74; O13; P16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123277

The Effect of Genetic and Infrastructure Investments in Dairy and Beef Producers' Profit in Chile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melo,   Oscar; Alegre,   Miguel; Ortega,   Jorge; Foster,   William E.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of infrastructure and genetic improvement investments, promoted by a government program (Programa de Modernizacion Ganadera), in milk and meat producers' profit in Region IX. Using a system of simultaneous equations, the effect of the investment on quality, in the price, in the yield and production cost of milk were estimated. In the case of milk, we reject the nonlinear hypothesis that the elasticities of investment in genetic improvement in gross income and variable costs are equal to zero. The estimation was done using information of 276 producers of the IX Region that participated in the program during the period 1998-99 (17,3 % of the regional population), with information for the years 1998...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q14; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25744

Need, Greed or Customary Rights - Which Factors Explain the Encroachment of Protected Areas? Empirical Evidence from a Protected Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Maertens,   Miet; Zeller,   Manfred.
The encroachment of protected areas for agricultural and livestock production is an important challenge for nature conservation in developing countries. The driving forces of encroachment are debated - major arguments focus on (1) the need of local people to cultivate land inside protected areas due to poverty, (2) commercial interests of cultivating inside protected areas, which indicates free-riding ("greed"), and (3) resistance against protected areas caused by disregard of customary rights. Understanding the role of these factors is important for designing appropriate conservation and development strategies. The paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the encroachment of a National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Nature conservation; Household decision-making; Regulation; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25706

A Search Model for Joint Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to present a search model in the field of environmental economics, where so-called clean and dirty producers enter the trading market, both looking for a partner with whom to exchange the goods they are endowed with. The model derived in this paper is rather simple. Nevertheless, it is able to produce a series of interesting results and useful insights, and is conveniently used here as a framework to explain the functioning of Joint Implementation programmes for polluting emissions’ reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Search theory; Market failures; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54356

Effects of Poverty on Deforestation: Distinguishing Behavior from Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Lipper,   Leslie; Sanchez,   Arturo; Timmins,   Jason.
We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands.  Controlling for locations' characteristics, we find that poorer areas are cleared more rapidly.  This result suggests that poverty reduction aids forest conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23792

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Food Security in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Boughton,   Duncan; Donovan,   Cynthia.
This paper provides a systematic definition of food security, focusing on its different dimensions; examines the nature and magnitude of the different dimensions of food insecurity in developing countries; discusses the difficult tradeoffs that policy makers face in trying to address food security’s multiple dimensions simultaneously; and explores promising new approaches to address food insecurity. The geographic focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where the majority of the world’s food insecure people live.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Hunger; Poverty; Food policy; Economic development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; O13; O19; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49227

Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476

Irrigation Restriction and Biomass Market Interactions: The Case of the Alluvial Aquifer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Michael P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Vickery,   Gina B.
The U.S. Geological Survey has determined that irrigation in Arkansas’ Delta is unsustainable. This study examines how irrigation restrictions would affect county net returns to crop production. It also considers the effect of planting less water-intensive bioenergy crops—switchgrass and forage sorghum—in the event biofuel markets become a reality. Results suggest that sustainable irrigation restrictions without bioenergy crops would decrease producer returns by 28% in the region. Introducing these alternative crops would both reduce groundwater use and may restore state producer returns, albeit with significant spatial income redistribution to crop production throughout the state.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass crops; Ground water irrigation; Spatial income redistribution; Sustainability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q24; Q25; Q32; Q42; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57150

Evolución de la productividad del agua en la Cuenca del Guadalquivir 1989-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carrasco,   Jose Manuel; Piston,   Juan Maximo; Berbel,   Julio.
Para entender el desarrollo de la agricultura de riego es necesario estudiar la evolución de la productividad del agua en los cultivos de regadío. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de este indicador en los años 1989 y 2005 en la Cuenca del Guadalquivir. Para ello, se han utilizado datos estadísticos que, primero, han sido tratados a nivel comarcal y de cultivo y, posteriormente, se han agregado hasta obtener un valor global para toda la cuenca. Del conjunto de los resultados se deduce un valor de la productividad aparente del agua de aproximadamente un 0,5 €/m3 para el año 2005 y un incremento de un 327% respecto al año 1989.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regadío; Productividad; Agua; Eficiencia; Escasez.; Agricultural and Food Policy; O13; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94332

Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ludena,   Carlos E.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive – particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392

Essays on Regional Differences in Time Preferences and Attachment to Place
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yi,   Dale.
Data from a national telephone survey of working-aged adults in the continental US is combined with US Census 2000 data to explore the determinants of attachment to place and time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and financial assets. Five regions in the US were delineated so that regional differences in the determinants of the dependent variables of interest could be parsed out. The regions are the Great Plains, Borderlands, Appalachia, the Plantation Belt, and the rest of the continental US.  The first essay that explores time preferences for jobs, natural amenities, and money. Each was embedded with a ten percent rate of return. In aggregate, the nation as a whole demonstrated that the discount rate for jobs, natural amenities, and financial...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Great Plains; Migration; Time preference; Survey; Community attachment; Social capital; Natural amenity; Economic development; Community; Census; Zip code; Policy; Native American; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; R23; R53; R58; Q51; Q52; O13; O15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56009

Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50306

The dimensions of social capital and rural development: evidence from Water Communities in the Republic of Macedonia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorton,   Matthew; Sauer,   Johannes; Peshevski,   Mile; Bosev,   Dane; Shekerinov,   Darko; Quarrie,   Steve.
Drawing on Nahapiet and Ghoshal's (1998) distinction between the structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital, this paper analyses the performance of Water Communities (WCs) in the Bregalnica region of the Republic of Macedonia. WCs are farmer-managed local irrigation systems which are critical to livelihoods in Bregalnica. Data on the performance of the WCs and role of social capital was collected via in-depth interviews and a farm survey (n=249) of both members and non-members. Results highlight the importance of social capital in explaining the decision to join a WC, the satisfaction of members with their WC, and payment behaviour.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Rural development; Irrigation; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O13; P32; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94916

The Efficiency–-Equity Tradeoffs in Agricultural Research Priority Setting: The Potential Impacts of Agricultural Research on Economic Surplus and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Tollens,   Eric; Abele,   Steffen.
Public agricultural research has come under increasing pressure to redefine its strategic priorities to contribute to poverty alleviation goals. However, the issue of whether the poor benefit more from agricultural research that pursues efficiency or equity objectives remains unresolved, largely due to lack of empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. This paper estimates the potential impacts of agricultural research on economic surplus and poverty reduction in Nigeria, identifies strategic priorities according to both efficiency and equity criteria, and examines the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. The results show that there are no significant efficiency–equity tradeoffs because the rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty reduction; Economic surplus; Research priority setting; Nigeria; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I32; I38; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25260

New Results On Censored Regression with Applications to Transactions Costs, Household Decisions and Food Purchases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Mazzocchi,   Mario; Perali,   Carlo Federico.
We generalize the Tobit censored regression to permit unique unobserved censoring thresholds conditioned by covariates and a set of common response coefficients. This situation , we argue, is one arising frequently in applications of censored regression and we provide three diverse examples to motivate the theory. We derive a robust estimation algorithm with three noteworthy features. First, by augmenting the observed-data likelihood with the censored observations, the estimation strategy is the same as Chib (1992) who derives Bayes estimates of the conventional censored regression. Second, by virtue of its generality, the model is applicable to a much broader set of circumstances than the conventional Tobit regression, which is nested as a special case of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conditionally censored Tobit regression; Bayes inference; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; O11; C34; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25293

Does Common Agricultural Policy Reduce Farm Labour Migration? A Panel Data Analysis Across EU Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina; Cavicchioli,   Daniele; Vigani,   Mauro.
This paper deals with the determinants of labour out-migration from agriculture across 153 EU regions over the 1990-2008 period. The central aim is to shed light on the role played by CAP payments on this important adjustment process. Using static and dynamic panel data methods, we show that standard neo-classic drivers, like the relative income and the relative labour share, represented significant determinants of the inter-sectoral migration of the agricultural labour. Overall, CAP payments have contributed significantly to job creation in agriculture, although the magnitude of the economic effect is quite small. Moreover, Pillar I subsidies have exerted an effect from three to five times stronger than Pillar II payments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Out-farm Migration; CAP Payments; Labour Markets; Panel Data Analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q18; O13; J21; J43; J60.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114597

Vulnerability to Agricultural Drought in Western Orissa: A Case Study of Representative Blocks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swain,   Mrutyunjay; Swain,   Mamata.
The nature of vulnerability to agricultural drought in three study blocks of Bolangir district in western Orissa has been analysed. The indexing and vulnerability profile method have been used for assessing the nature of drought vulnerability, coping capacity and risk. The study has revealed that the three most influential biophysical factors of drought vulnerability are: rainfall variability, drought intensity and shortage of available waterholding capacity of soil and the three most influential socioeconomic factors are: low irrigation development, poor crop insurance coverage and smaller forest area. It is found that while drought risk varies widely across the study blocks and drought vulnerability and physical exposure to drought vary moderately, the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought vulnerability; Composite drought vulnerability index; Physical exposure index; Drought risk index; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q54; Q58; C43; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109415

Inflationary Effect of Oil-Price Shocks in an Imperfect Market: A Partial Transmission Input-output Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Libo; Li,   Jing; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil-price shocks on China’s price levels. To that end, we develop a partial transmission input-output model that captures the uniqueness of the Chinese market. We hypothesize and simulate price control, market factors and technology substitution - the three main factors that restrict the functioning of a price pass-through mechanism during oil-price shocks. Using the models of both China and the U.S., we separate the impact of price control from those of other factors leading to China’s price stickiness under oil-price shocks. The results show a sharp contrast between China and the U.S., with price control in China significantly preventing oil-price shocks from spreading into its domestic inflation, especially in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil-price Shocks; Price Transmission; Price Control; Input-output Analysis; Inflation; Industrial Structure; China; The United States; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; Q41; Q48; O13; O53; P22; E31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102507

Re-testing the Resource Curse Hypothesis Using Panel Data and an Improved Measure of Resource Intensity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rambaldi,   Alicia N.; Hall,   Greg; Brown,   Richard P.C.
Most empirical studies of the Resource Curse Hypothesis (RCH) find evidence of a strong negative relationship between a country's natural resource abundance and economic growth. We question the reliability of these findings in relation to the definitions and measures used for both resource intensity and economic growth, and the econometric testing which we consider deficient. We use an alternative, per capita resource rents measure of resource intensity that excludes renewable resources and avoids the circularity and bias of other output-related measures. Using Cluster Analysis, we compare the grouping of countries on the basis of three resource intensity definitions; viz. Sachs and Warner's (1995), Gylfason and Zoega's (2002) and our per capita rents, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource Curse Hypothesis; Economic growth; Resource rents; Panel evidence; Cluster Analysis; Governance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q32; O13; O11; F43.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25289

The impact of Access to Credit and Training on Technological Adoption: A Case of the Rice Sector in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakano,   Yuko; Kajisa,   Kei.
Using an extensive household-level data set collected in Tanzania, this paper investigates the determinants of the technological adoption of rice cultivation and of paddy yield. We especially focus on the impact of credit and training on the adoption of modern technologies. Based on empirical results, we argue that modern inputs and improved practices of rice cultivation enhance the increase in paddy yield. We also argue that the impact of credit and training on the adoption of modern technologies can differ for different technologies. If the adoption of a specific technology does not require a large amount of cash, knowledge given by training is sufficient to enhance adoption. On the other hand, those who can access credit or self-finance can adopt...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technological Adoption; Green Revolution; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O12; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103763

Sustainability and Optimality in Economic Development: Theoretical Insights and Policy Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farzin,   Y. Hossein.
This paper takes sustainability to be a matter of intergenerational welfare equality and examines whether an optimal development path can also be sustainable. It argues that the general “zero-net-aggregate-investment” condition for an optimal development path to be sustainable in the sense of the maximin criterion of intergenerational justice is too demanding to be practical, especially in the context of developing countries. The maximin criterion of sustainability may be more appealing to the rich advanced industrial countries, but is too costly and ethically unreasonable for developing nations as it would act as an intergenerational “poverty equalizer”. The paper suggests that a compromise development policy that follows the optimal growth approach but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Optimality; Discounting; Development policy; International Development; Q01; Q56; O21; O13; D62; D63.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7447

Does Scarcity Exacerbate the Tragedy of the Commons? Evidence from Fishers’ Experimental Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar.
Economic Experimental Games (EEGs), focused to analyze dilemmas associated with the use of common pool resources, have shown that individuals make extraction decisions that deviate from the suboptimal Nash equilibrium. However, few studies have analyzed whether these deviations towards the social optimum are affected as the stock of resource changes. Performing EEG with local fishermen, we test the hypothesis that the behavior of participants differs under a situation of abundance versus one of scarcity. Our findings show that under a situation of scarcity, players over-extract a given resource, and thus make decisions above the Nash equilibrium; in doing so, they obtain less profit, mine the others-regarding interest, and exacerbate the tragedy of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tragedy of the commons intensified; Economic experimental games; Resource abundance; Resource scarcity; Dynamic effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; D01; D02; D03; O13; O54; Q01; Q22; C93; C72; C73; C23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91170

Food Calorie Intake under Grain Price Uncertainty: Evidence from Rural Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Fang,   Cheng; Rejesus,   Roderick M.
This study evaluates the effects of grain output price uncertainty on the farm income of rural households and, consequently, how this uncertainty influences caloric intake through changes in farm income. Using a rural household data set, augmented with output price uncertainty measures calculated from historical time-series data, we find that grain output price uncertainty tends to decrease crop production income of rural households. In addition, we find that higher crop income from production increases calorie intake of rural households. Taken together, these results suggests  that output price uncertainty during the production process may tend to reduce caloric intake of rural Nepalese households since the price uncertainty negatively affects the crop...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Calorie Intake; Price Uncertainty; Nepal; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6198

Private Research and Public Goods: Implications of Biotechnology for Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raney,   Terri; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
The pattern of crop genetic diversity has changed over the past two centuries with the modernization of agriculture, accelerating with the advent of the green revolution. Since the green revolution, the locus of agricultural research has shifted from the public to the private sector. The growing importance of the private sector in agricultural R&amp;D is changing the types of crop technologies that are developed and the ways they are delivered to farmers. The spread of transgenic crops will influence crop genetic diversity, but their implications for the availability of plant genetic resources and the resilience of agricultural ecosystems are not entirely clear. Transgenic crops may increase or decrease crop genetic diversity, depending on how they are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biotechnology; Agricultural Research; Transgenic Crops; Green Revolution.; O13; O33; Q16; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23805

Using Rural Household Income Survey Data to Inform Poverty Analysis: An Example from Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walker,   Thomas S.; Boughton,   Duncan; Tschirley,   David L.; Pitoro,   Raul; Tomo,   Alda.
This paper demonstrates that income survey data can be very informative in explaining the variation across households in the incidence and severity of absolute poverty using a rural household income data set for Mozambique. Results from regression analysis of the sources of variation are used to simulate the impact of alternative agricultural interventions or strategies on rural poverty. Complementarities in the insights gained from consumption expenditure and income surveys may justify the collection and analysis of both types of information, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the one region of the world where the incidence of poverty is increasing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty analysis; Household income surveys; Agricultural development; Millenium Development Goals; Mozambique; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; C21; I3; O13; O2; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25676

Opening a Public Recreation Area to Revitalize Coastal Communities and Preserve Natural Resources in Louisiana: The Case of Elmer's Island
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Caffey,   Rex H.; Devkota,   Nirmala; Hall,   Larry M.
The income capitalization approach is used, based on expenditure and nonmarket values collected from travel-cost and contingent valuation methodologies, to measure the feasibility of running a self-sustaining recreational site in coastal Louisiana. Through Internet and intercept surveys, a total of 2,696 respondents, 88% of them anglers, provided information on economic expenditures, destination preferences, and preferences for specific site amenities regarding Elmer's Island. The purchase and subsequent opening of the area to the public were found to be self-sustaining even when considering conservative economic estimates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coastal community revitalization; Market valuation; Nonmarket valuation; Public purchase of private recreational area; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43773

Farm Household Income and On-and-Off Farm Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McNamara,   Kevin T.; Weiss,   Christoph R.
The paper analyzes the relationship between off-farm labor allocation and on-farm enterprise diversification as farm household income stabilization strategies with census data from the federal state of Upper Austria, Austria.  The results suggest that both on-farm diversification and off-farm labor allocation are related to farm and household characteristics.  Larger farm households tend to allocate more labor to off-farm income activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Enterprise diversification; Farm income risk; Off-farm income; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; J20; O13; Q12; Q19; R19.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43711

Toward a Territorial Approach to Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
This paper explores a territorial approach to rural development in Latin America. It first reviews evidence that progress in rural social development has not been accompanied by reductions in income poverty and inequality. It then assesses qualitative changes that have occurred in rural incomes and the emergence of new opportunities for rural poverty reduction and draws implications for the potential of a territorial approach to rural development. Recent experiences with territorial approaches are briefly reviewed and lessons extracted for the implementation of such an approach. It concludes with a series of recommendations for implementation of a territorial approach to rural development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Rural poverty; Territorial approach; Inequality; Latin America; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O15; O18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112593

Economic Viability of Polyculture of Nile Tilapia and Australian Redclaw Crayfish in Yucatan State, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ponce-Marban,   Donny; Hernandez,   Juan; Gasca-Leyva,   Eucario.
Tilapia culture in rural communities of the state of Yucatan, Mexico, has been increasing in recent decades.  Polyculture of tilapia with other more commercially valuable species is an opportunity to substantially improve the economic yields of rural producers.  The economic viability of implementing a Nile tilapia with Australian redclaw crayfish polyculture was analyzed using profitability indicators such as internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value of the investment (NPV).  A bioeconomic model was developed to simulate three production densities (33/0, 33/20, tilapia and crayfish, respectively), accounting for investment recuperation in time horizons of 5, 10 and 15 years.  The model includes a biological sub-model describing the growth of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Viability; Polyculture; Nile Tilapia; Australian Redclaw Crayfish; Yucatan; Mexico; Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56080

Investments in Biodiversity Prospecting and Incentives for Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Simpson,   R. David.
There is considerable interest in biodiversity prospecting (the search for valuable new products from natural sources) as a conservation strategy. In an earlier paper, we have argued that the value of the marginal species (and, by extension, the incentives for the conservation of the habitat on which it is found) is small. In this paper, we show that investments in biodiversity prospecting are unlikely to increase incentives for conservation by much. If the value of the marginal species were appreciable, researchers ought already to have made investments to exploit it. If it is not, it is doubtful that additional investments will generate any substantial increase. It is important to be clear about our findings: we are not saying that none of the myriad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biodiversity prospecting; Investment; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q29.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10821

Global Food Price Volatility and Spikes: An Overview of Costs, Causes, and Solutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Braun,   Joachim; Tadesse,   Getaw.
Since the 2007–08 food crisis, many thoughtful analyses have addressed the causes and impacts of high and volatile international food prices and proposed solutions to the crisis. These studies have covered global as well as local food price dynamics and policy reactions. The food price problem is, however, far-reaching, and its impacts are wide and interrelated. The price formation mechanism has become highly complex and dynamic. Policy actions are politically and economically sensitive. This situation calls for continuous and comprehensive assessments of the problem to provide timely and evidence-based knowledge for policy makers. This paper reviews existing evidence and theories and presents new thoughts and insights from analyses to enlighten the course...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Prices; Volatility; Poverty; Food policy; Speculation; Economic crises; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; I38; O13; O16; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120021

The Economic Growth Impacts of Sugarcane Expansion In Brazil: An Inter-Regional Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deuss,   Annelies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Sugarcane expansion; Economic growth; Propensity score; Ethanol; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; O13; R13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103564

Concepts, applications, and extensions of value chain analysis to livestock systems in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rich,   Karl M.; Baker,   Derek; Negassa,   Asfaw; Ross,   R. Brent.
The analysis of value chains has augmented our knowledge on the complexities, inter-linkages, distributional benefits, and institutional arrangements of production and marketing channels in developing countries.  However, the analysis remains relatively qualitative and case-specific, with limited ability to rank or assess the impact of alternative interventions or to analyze sufficiently the complex market dynamics and feedbacks present in livestock systems.  This paper offers insights on ways to improve the analytical rigor of the value chain methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Value chain; Livestock; Developing countries; Livestock Production/Industries; I32; O13; O17; O21; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51922

Market Information Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric.
The paper deals with the emergence and rise of  market information systems in sub-Sahara Africa as a result of economic liberalization. There has already been an evolution is such systems and no particular system dominates. Various types of market information systems exist today, public or private, all or not linked to a commodity exchange. The rationale of a commodity exchange is discussed, linked to a market information system. They all struggle with problems of sustainable financing. Very  few if any good impact studies exist on such systems, demonstrating their effects on market transparency, information asymmetry, the bargaining power of poor farmers and their market access. Dissemination of the  information, using traditional (radio) or modern (ICT)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18; O13; O17; H41.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25590

Trade and Geography in the Economic Origins of Islam: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michalopoulos,   Stelios; Naghavi,   Alireza; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
This research examines the economic origins of Islam and uncovers two empirical regularities. First, Muslim countries, virtual countries and ethnic groups, exhibit highly unequal regional agricultural endowments. Second, Muslim adherence is systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography (i) determined the economic aspects of the religious doctrine upon which Islam was formed, and (ii) shaped its subsequent economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the poorly endowed ones. In such an environment it was mutually beneficial to institute a system...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Religion; Islam; Geography; Physical Capital; Human Capital; Land Inequality; Wealth Inequality; Trade; Labor and Human Capital; O10; O13; O16; O17; O18; F10; Z12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91008

ON THE ROLE OF THE BROKERAGE INSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIAN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quattri,   Maria A.; Ozanne,   Adam; Wang,   Xioabing; Hall,   Alastair R.
The recognition that policies aimed at “getting prices right” in less developed countries were failing due to incomplete markets has spurred a new wave of reforms, directed instead at “getting markets and institutions right”. Although previous studies have documented the potentially crucial role of the brokerage institution in crop commercialisation, few have investigated what determines wholesalers’ decisions to use brokers. Using data collected in 2006/07 by Gabre-Madhin, IFPRI and EDRI, we examine Ethiopian traders’ decisions regarding whether or not they should use brokers, and how much. Independent variables are human, financial and social asset availability, implemented trading practices, access to infrastructure and institutions, location, travelled...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O12; O13; O18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108941

Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899: Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes, and War
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nye,   John V.C.
Britain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century. War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F13; H20; N40; N43; N53; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53881

Trade, Food Standards and Poverty: The Case of High-Value Vegetable Exports from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet.
Agricultural supply chains are changing globally with pervasive food standards and increased vertical coordination. The impact of these changes for developing countries and for small farmers in those countries is not yet well understood. We analyze the developments in high-standards FFV supply chains and the effects for small farmers and rural households in Senegal. We use a unique dataset derived from company level interviews and household surveys in the main horticulture zone in Senegal. Supply chain restructuring resulted in a shift from contract-farming with small-scale producers to large-scale vertically integrated estate-farming. A comprehensive econometric analysis shows that the restructuring of the value chain has enhanced an equitable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; D1; L66; O13; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25614

Agriculture's Terms of Trade: Issues and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colman,   David R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F14; N50; N60; N70; O13; P45; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53200

Financing Structures for CDM Projects in India and Capacity Building Options for EU-Indo Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deodhar,   Vinay; Michaelowa,   Axel; Krey,   Matthias.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enables industrialized countries to meet a part of their emission reduction requirements through purchase of emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Various studies have concluded that India is likely to be one of the major countries supplying such projects. However, in order that a large number of high-quality CDM projects is developed and result in Certified Emission Reductions as specified by the international CDM Executive Board, the institutional set up in the Indian finance sector has to be suitably geared up. So far, banks and financial institutions have not developed procedures for efficient financing of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy; CDM; Financial Institutions; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26139

How Ambitious are China and India’s Emissions Intensity Targets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.; Jotzo,   Frank.
As part of the negotiating process for a post-Kyoto climate policy regime, several developing economies have announced carbon emission targets for 2020. China and India’s commitments are framed as emissions intensity reductions by 40 to 45 per cent and 20 to 25 per cent respectively between 2005 and 2020. But how feasible are these proposed emissions intensity reductions, and how do they compare with the targeted reductions in the United States and the European Union?   In this research report we use a stochastic frontier model to explain the variation in countries’ energy intensities. We use the model to produce emissions projections for China and India under a number of scenarios that consider various rates of technological change and changes in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Carbon emissions; Climate change; Developing countries; Projections; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94947

Transformations in Agriculture and their Implications for Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.
The paper reviews the implications for rural development of current transformations in agriculture. It first identifies some of the driving forces - in addition to the impact of rising incomes in some but not all developing countries - behind the transformation process: changing market chains, shifts in public policy, OECD agricultural policies and HIV/AIDS. It then discusses some strategic issues for assisting the rural sector and small farms in developing countries: increasing the productivity of food staples, diversification into higher value products, organizing small farmer for marketing, agricultural services, non-farm opportunities and migration and targeting the vulnerable. It emphasizes the need for integrated interventions if small farm...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Poverty reduction; Agricultural transformation; Small farm development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O18; Q10; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112592

Marketing, Co-operatives and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from the CIS Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Gorton,   Matthew; White,   John.
Drawing on survey data, this paper identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine). We apply a multi-level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped and selectivity bias corrected mixed-effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies for farmers to improve the price received for their output: consolidation, cooperation and stable supply chain relationships. While selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant and positive effect on farm gate milk prices, the majority of non-members are reluctant to join. The size of dairy operations, trust and contracting also impact positively on the prices received by farmers. Policy implications are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Marketing; O13; P32; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108938

The Benefits and Costs of Informal Sector Pollution Control: Mexican Brick Kilns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Newbold,   Stephen C.; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Cook,   Joseph H.
In developing countries, urban clusters of manufacturers which are "informal"-small-scale, unlicensed and virtually unregulated-can have severe environmental impacts. Yet pollution control efforts have traditionally focused on large industrial sources, in part because the problem is not well understood. This paper presents a benefit-cost analysis of four practical strategies for reducing emissions from traditional brick kilns in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. To our knowledge, it is the first such analysis of informal sources. We find very significant net benefits for three of the four control strategies. These results suggest that informal polluters should be a high priority for environmental regulators.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Informal sector; Air pollution; US-Mexico Border; Brick kiln; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; O17; O54; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10532

Land allocation policy and conservation practices in the mountains of Northern Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saint-Macary,   Camille; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
In Vietnam, a quasi-private property regime has been established in 1993, with the issuance exchangeable and mortgageable land use right certificates. Using primary qualitative and quantitative data, this paper investigates the role of the titling policy in fostering the use of soil conservation practices by upland farmers in the northern mountains region. There, population growth and growing market demands have induced farmers to intensify agricultural production onto steep slopes. While poverty has been reduced, environmental 16 problems such as soil erosion, landslides, and declining soil fertility have become severe over the past years. Our findings suggest that soil conservation technologies although relatively well known are perceived as being...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land titling; Technology adoption; Upland agriculture; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q24; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51763

Using Alternative Regulatory Instruments to Control Fixed Point Air Pollution in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Harrington,   Winston.
Should developing countries eschew conventional command and control regulatory instruments that are increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on 'alternative' instruments based on economic incentives and community pressure? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to fixed point air pollution. The paper discusses the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of alternative instruments, reviews both industrialized country and developing country experiences with them, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that regulators in developing countries typically operate under severe financial and institutional constraints. Given these constraints, pure economic incentive instruments are generally not practical since they involve...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Economic incentives; Informal regulation; Developing country; Industrial air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; O13.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10689

Does Sending Farmers Back to School Have An Impact? A Spatial Econometric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamazaki,   Satoshi; Resosudarmo,   Budy P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/08/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Spatial econometrics; Economic development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; C59; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25427

Decomposing Changes in Agricultural Producer Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liefert,   William M.
This paper develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural producer prices. The method builds on a procedure used by the World Bank, with the key variables in the decomposition being trade prices, exchange rates, and agricultural trade policies. The main ways by which we expand on the World Bank decomposition procedure are by broadening the analysis of policy effects, and by adding the effect from incomplete transmission of changes in border prices and exchange rates to producer prices, and the effect on prices from interactions between variables as they change simultaneously. We demonstrate the decomposition method by using the Russian poultry market in the late 1990s, and find that the dominant factor in changing the producer price was the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Price transmission; Exchange rates; Trade policy; Russian agriculture; Developing economies; Transition economies; Agricultural Finance; F13; O13; 024; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25331

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Paulo; Barrett,   Christopher B.
Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487

Agricultural Productivity, Drought, and Economic Growth in Sahel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boubacar,   Inoussa.
A standardized precipitation index is used in a regression analysis to quantify the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Sahel. I first estimate a Malmquist productivity index and its efficiency and technical change components. I further assess the statistical significance of the indices by estimating some confidence intervals via a bootstrap method. In the second stage of the analysis, I use a Probit model to estimate the extent to which climate variables affect agricultural productivity. It appears that agricultural performance has been disastrous in many Sahelian countries from 1970 to 2000. Using a comparable cross-country measure of drought, I provide evidence that precipitation variability is constraining not only Sahel’s...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Agriculture; Sahel; International Development; Production Economics; O13; O55; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56321

Elephants and the Ivory Trade Ban: Summary of Research Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57807

Productive Water Uses at Household Level in Rural Kenya: Case Study of the Ukambani District
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Speelman,   Stijn; D'Haese,   Luc; Ochieng,   Cosmas M.O.; Vandermeulen,   Valerie.
As a result of the growing world population and enhanced by the rising of living standards, competition for water is growing and this causes increased pressure on water resources worldwide. This tendency gave rise to the development of the integrated water resources management approach (IWRM), acknowledging the need to manage water resources in a holistic and integrated way. The IWRM objective to optimize economic, social and environmental outcomes of water management, can however only be reached if impact of water uses is correctly assessed. Nevertheless, often multiple uses of water within sectors are insufficiently recognized in planning and management. One of these neglected uses is the productive water use by households. Nonetheless, this use is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productive water uses; Livelihood; Rural development; Kenya; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25325

Production Efficiency and Diversification in Mexican Coffee-Producing Districts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Houston,   Jack E.; Cardenas,   Gabriela.
Coffee production system is analyzed for 24 municipios (districts) in Veracruz, Mexico, from 1997 to 2002.  A stochastic frontier approach is used to estimate an input distance function and to evaluate production efficiency.  Results show the production process to be stable over time despite global price fluctuations.  Production of staple crop (corn) with either coffee or other cash crops results in increased efficiency as a result of the economies of complementarity, while production of coffee with other cash crops leads to lower efficiency.  Factors contributing to higher efficiency included higher population density, road availability, and higher altitude, typically associated with production of higher-quality coffee.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee production; Distance function; Mexico; Production systems; Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; L25; L79; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37063

Designing REDD+ Schemes to Address Permanence Concerns: Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veronesi,   Marcella; Schlondorn,   Tim; Zabel,   Astrid; Engel,   Stefanie.
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an important topic in the debate on policies to mitigate climate change. This is the first study to test and compare the environmental impact of different REDD+ payment schemes in the field, and provide some insights on the effectiveness of different policies with respect to the permanence of forest-based emission reductions. This study implements a stated preference experiment of time allocation in the unique setting of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project in Kenya, where charcoaling is a major source of forest degradation. The impact on time allocation is analyzed under the presumption that a hypothetical agricultural policy or an eco-charcoaling policy was introduced. We find that a...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: REDD; Permanence; Deforestation; Labor; Kenya; International Development; I38; J22; O13; Q18; Q23; Q28; Q56.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124131

RUSSIA'S AGRICULTURE: EIGHT YEARS IN TRANSITION - CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE OF REGIONAL EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uvarovsky,   Vladimir; Voigt,   Peter.
In this paper, we consider how Russian Agriculture has developed since the constitution of the Russian Federation. The analysis is based on Oblast level data of 75 territorial units during the period from 1993 to 1998 and is focusing on technical efficiency (TE), technological change, and (both aggregated as overall index) on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Given that the initial natural conditions were approximately constant the consistence of political programs, market reforms and restructuring were essential determinants of regional developments of TE and TFP above or below the common trend. If this assumption is widely true an investigation of responsible circumstances for these divergences seems to be an important task in the actual regional-economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Rural areas; Divergence; Russian Federation; Agriculture; International Development; Productivity Analysis; O13; O47.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14891

Natural Disasters in a Two-Sector Model of Endogenous Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horii,   Ryo; Ikefuji,   Masako.
This paper studies sustainability of economic growth considering the risk of natural disasters caused by pollution in an endogenous growth model with physical and human capital accumulation. It is shown that economic growth is sustainable only if the tax rate on the polluting input is increased over time and that the long-term rate of economic growth follows an inverted V-shaped curve relative to the growth rate of the environmental tax. The social welfare is maximized under a positive steady-state growth in which faster accumulation of human capital compensates the productivity loss due to declining use of the polluting input.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Human capital; Endogenous depreciation; Economic growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O41; O13; E22.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97337

Political Economy of Agricultural Trade Interventions in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bates,   Robert H.; Block,   Steven A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agriculture; Taxation; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50302

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

Land Fragmentation, Market Integration and Farm Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Kosovo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Davidova,   Sophia; Gorton,   Matthew.
This paper investigates the effect of land fragmentation on farm efficiency in Kosovo utilising agricultural household survey data. To recognise heterogeneity among agricultural production systems in Kosovo, we estimate the technology separately for different groups or “classes” of farms, identified using latent class modelling. This approach separates the data into multiple technological “classes” according to estimated probabilities of class membership based on multiple specified characteristics, relating in this case to land fragmentation and market integration. The latent class frontier method is linked to the estimation of a multi-output multi-input production function, namely a directional output distance function, and to the estimation of Morishima...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land fragmentation; Market integration; Farm households; Kosovo; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123236

INTRODUCING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH MALNUTRITION: AN ETHIOPIAN CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yigezu,   Yigezu A.; Sanders,   John H.
Many developing regions have excellent potential agricultural resources. However, historically population has become so concentrated on such small holdings that acute poverty and malnutrition now predominate. The food scientists’ response to the chronic nutritional problem has often been subsidized bio-fortification with nutritional supplements or more recently cultivars with higher nutrient levels. Where much of the population is in this inadequate nutrition category as in highland Ethiopia, the supplements are neither financially feasible nor sustainable. The cultivars can provide a few critical nutrients but are not a comprehensive solution. To improve nutrition, it is necessary to increase income so that an increased quality and quantitative diet can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Agricultural technologies; Striga resistance; Inorganic fertilizers; Tied-ridges; Marketing strategies; Inventory credit; Nutrition; Income; Capped-lexicographic utility.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; O33; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36813

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Economists are rarely brought into the interdisciplinary research until the biophysical scientists have developed their models, made their measurements or completed their research task. The research economist is then brought in to do what amounts to a consulting task – provide some numbers that indicate impacts on the economy and employment. In this paper, I begin by illustrating cases from forestry where this leads to erroneous and costly policy outcomes. However, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of genetic engineering in forestry and agriculture. In forestry, planting of genetically-modified (GM) tree species is nearly non-existent, with the exception of hybrid poplar that is used to produce pulp or fuel. However, as explored here,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Economics of genetically-modified organisms; Agriculture and forestry; Mountain pine beetle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O32; Q11; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107480

Agricultural Sector and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Evidence from Co-integration and Error Correction Mechanism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chebbi,   Houssem Eddine; Lachaal,   Lassaad.
For the past two decades, Tunisia has been undertaken important structural reforms, which call in most cases for market and trade liberalization (agricultural structural adjustment program, GATT reforms, free trade area with the European Union). The private-led type of growth strategy with less government intervention has culminated these last years into a more rapid economic growth and openness. Within this context, this paper examines the agricultural sector role into the economic growth and its interactions with the other sectors using time-series co-integration techniques. We use annual data from 1961 to 2005 to estimate a VAR model that includes GDP indices of five sectors in Tunisian economy. Empirical results from this study indicate that in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Co-integration; Economic growth; Agricultural sector; Tunisia; International Development; C22; O13; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9416

Migration and Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lucas,   Robert E.B.
The paper summarizes the key routes through which internal and international migration impact rural development and some of the evidence pertaining to these effects in low income countries. It concludes that, although the study of migration impacts on rural economies has come a long way from the early dual theories of development, some of the potentially more important aspects remain to be investigated systematically.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Migration; Rural development; Remittances; Rural poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; F22; O13; O15; O18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112594

Macro Economic Impacts of Installing Rice Husk Electricity Power Plants in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kunimitsu,   Yoji; Ueda,   Tatsuki.
Macro economic impacts of rice-husk power plants (RHPP) in Thailand were analyzed by an Input/Output method. Results show that RHPP decreased sensitivity coefficients especially in the petroleum-sector, economic merits were realized in the agricultural-sector but total induced production effects were lowered, and induced imports by consumption were reduced with RHPP.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: I/O analysis; Sensitivity coefficient; Oil price; Biomass resource use; Crop Production/Industries; C67; O13; Q20; Q42; Q43.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35257

Modeling International Trends in Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   David I.
This study uses a stochastic production frontier to model energy efficiency trends, in 85 countries over a 37 year period. No structure is imposed on technological change over time, although differences in technology level across the countries are modelled as a stochastic function of explanatory variables. These variables are selected by a literature survey and a theoretical model of energy-efficient technology choice.   An improvement in a country’s energy efficiency is measured as a reduction in energy intensity, while holding constant that economy’s mix of inputs and outputs. All other things remaining constant, the country using the least energy per unit output is on the global best-practice frontier. The model is used to derive decompositions of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Carbon; Emissions; Technological change; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O33; O47; Q43; Q54; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94950

Modern Beef Production in Brazil and Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiger,   Carlos.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Q54; Q13; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94418

Agricultural transition and integration to the world economy: NIS case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serova,   Eugenia.
The paper studies the major trends in the agri-food trade in the NIS countries. It describes the trade flows, production cooperation and trade regimes within NIS countries; trade with the rest of the world and accession to the WTO. The key tested hypothesis of the paper is that intra-region trade dominate international trade in the NIS region, however this centrifugal tendency is forced by nation’s specialization set in the Soviet period. The development process in the NIS countries will cause more deep international integration. Also paper measure IIT for the NIS countries both for trade within the region and beyond it as well as IIT for some particular groups af agri-food commodities. It allowed an author to understand whether product variety explain the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NIS countries; Agri-food trade; Trade liberalization; Intra-industry trade (IIT); Agricultural and Food Policy; P33; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8513

Evaluating the CAP Reform as a multiple treatment effect: evidence from Italian farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposti,   Roberto.
Replaced with revised version of paper 03/03/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Farm Production; Treatment Effects; Propensity Score Matching; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q12; C21; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100216

The Economics of Biotechnology under Ecosystem Disruption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pemsl,   Diemuth E.; Waibel,   Hermann; Gutierrez,   Andrew P.
Economic analysis of chemical pesticide use has shown that the interactions between plants, pests, damage control technology and state of the ecosystem are important variables to be considered. Hence, a bio-economic model was developed for the assessment of Bt variety and pesticide-based control strategies of the cotton bollworm in China. The model simulates plant growth, the dynamics of pest populations and of natural enemies. The model predictions are used as major inputs for a stochastic partial budgeting procedure of alternative control strategies. Results show that: (1) productivity effects of Bt varieties and pesticide use depend on the action of natural control agents, and (2) the profitability of damage control measures increases with the severity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q57; Q55; O13; O3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25335

Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework for Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trienekens,   Jacques H.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Developing country value chains; Research framework; Upgrading; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103987

Smallholder Farmers and Collective Action: What Determines the Intensity of Participation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
Collective action has become an important strategy for smallholders in developing countries to remain competitive in rapidly changing markets. However, within farmer groups, the commitment of individual members can vary, as the expected net benefits are not the same for all individuals, and opportunities to free-ride exist. Since the benefits of collective action emerge primarily through the exploitation of economies of scale, low participation rates in joint activities may put a serious threat to the success and viability of farmer groups. This article investigates determinants of smallholder participation intensity and free-riding, using the example of banana groups in Kenya. The results suggest that family labor availability and previous benefits that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Participation intensity; Smallholder farmers; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; D23; D71; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108551

An Evaluation of Overseas Oil Investment Projects under Uncertainty Using a Real Options Based Simulation Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhu,   Lei; Zhang,   ZhongXiang; Fan,   Ying.
This paper applies real options theory to establish an overseas oil investment evaluation model that is based on Monte Carlo simulation and is solved by the Least Squares Monte-Carlo method. To better reflect the reality of overseas oil investment, our model has incorporated not only the uncertainties of oil price and investment cost but also the uncertainties of exchange rate and investment environment. These unique features have enabled our model to be best equipped to evaluate the value of oil overseas investment projects of three oil field sizes (large, medium, small) and under different resource tax systems (royalty tax and production sharing contracts). In our empirical setting, we have selected China as an investor country and Indonesia as an...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Overseas Oil Investment; Project Value; Real Options; Least Squares Monte-Carlo; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43; Q48; G31; O13; O22; C63.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119106

Methodological innovations in estimating the (inverse) relationship between farm productivity and farm size in a developing economy: a case study of Burundi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verschelde,   Marijn; Vandamme,   Ellen; D'Haese,   Marijke F.C.; Rayp,   Glenn.
We use a nonparametric estimation of the production function to investigate the relationship between farm productivity and farming scale in poor smallholder agricultural systems in the north of Burundi. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a predominant small scale subsistence farming sector. A Kernel regression is used on data of mixed cropping systems to study the determinants of production including different factors that have been identified in literature as missing variables in the testing of the inverse relationship such as soil quality, location and household heterogeneity. Household data on farm activities and crop production was gathered among 640 households in 2007 in two Northern provinces of Burundi. Four production models...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Inverse relationship; Farm size; Nonparametric; Burundi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; D24; O13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99359

The Impacts of Hurricane Mitch on Child Health: Evidence from Nicaragua
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omitsu,   Makiko; Yamano,   Takashi.
By taking a rare opportunity to have both pre- and post-disaster survey data in Nicaragua in 1998 and 2001, we estimate the direct impacts of Hurricane Mitch on long-term child health status, measured in height-for-age z-scores, in the pooled cross section model. Especially, we focus on children who were younger than 2.5 years old at the time of Hurricane Mitch because the previous studies show that children under two to three years old are especially vulnerable to shocks. The results indicate that, in the 2001 survey, more than two years after experiencing Hurricane Mitch, children who were younger than 2.5 years old at the time of Hurricane Mitch have 0.35 points lower HAZ-scores and have 6.6 percent higher probability of stunting than expected. Although...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy; I3; O13; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25700

Consumers' Trust in Government and Their Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food: Empirical Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Huanguang; Huang,   Jikun.
Understanding the determinants of consumer's acceptance towards genetically modified food (GMF) is critical important for future biotechnology development. Among many factors, consumers' trust in government has increasingly received great attentions in the literature. However, accurately quantifying impact of consumers' trust in government on their GMF attitudes is difficult because researchers often encounter many difficulties in empirical estimation. Overall goal of this study is to empirically quantify the impact of consumers' trust in government on their attitudes towards GMF in China. An econometric model on consumer's trust in government and their attitude towards GMF is developed and estimated based on a unique data set collected by the authors in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trust in government; Genetically modified food; Consumer's attitude; Acceptance; China; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25741

Efficiency and Pooling in Western Cape Wine Grape Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conradie,   Beatrice; Cookson,   Graham; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper uses a stochastic frontier and inefficiency model to test the efficiency of grape production in the Western Cape. The data covers two panels of wine grape farms (34 in Robertson and 36 in Worcester) for 2003 and 2004 and 37 table grape farms in De Doorns for 2004 only. Tests show that Cobb Douglas stochastic production frontiers, with variables to explain the inefficiencies are an appropriate representation of the five individual samples. The stochastic frontier results indicate that output can be explained by land, labour and machinery and that efficiency cab be affected by labour quality, age and education of the farmer, location, the percentage of non-bearing vines and expenditures on electricity for irrigation. These data is sufficiently...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25522

Traps and Thresholds in Pastoralist Mobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toth,   Russell.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asset poverty traps; Pastoralism; Semiparametric estimation; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O12; Q12; O13; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61336

Benefit-costs analysis of climate-related agricultural investments in Africa: a case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Branca,   Giacomo; Lipper,   Leslie; Sorrentino,   Alessandro.
Paper removed at the request of the first (corresponding) author.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Adaptation; Mitigation; Benefit-cost analysis; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; D62; H54; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124109

Microeconomics of Technology Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   Andrew D.; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
There is an emerging consensus among macro-economists that differences in technology across countries accounts for the major differences in per-capita GDP and the wages of workers with similar skills across countries. Accounting for differences in technology levels across countries thus can go a long way towards understanding global inequality. One mechanism by which poorer countries can catch up with richer countries is through technological diffusion, the adoption by low-income countries of the advanced technologies produced in high-income countries. In this survey, we examine recent micro studies that focus on understanding the adoption process. If technological diffusion is a major channel by which poor countries can develop, it must be the case that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption review; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O10; O13; O33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56760

Measuring the Potential of Unilateral CDM - A Pilot Study -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jahn,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel; Raubenheimer,   Stefan; Liptow,   Holger.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was originally seen as an instrument with a bilateral character where an entity from an industrialised country invests in a project in a developing country (DC). Also, multilateral funds were envisaged that would bundle investments to spread project risks. The sluggish implementation of incentives for industrialised country companies to embark on CDM projects and low carbon prices led to a preference of just buying Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) instead of investing in projects. Thus a third option has gained prominence - the unilateral option where the project development is planned and financed within the DC. We propose that a project should be called "pure unilateral" if it involves no foreign direct...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Unilateral; Institutions; Project participants; Financing; Risk premium; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26400

FOOD SECURITY, POVERTY, AND ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; Richards,   Alan.
In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policies should be subordinate to the pro-poor growth goal and not to the goal of food self-sufficiency. Such a strategy requires conflict resolution; macroeconomic stability; physical and human capital accumulation; reliance on markets and the private sector, and diffusion of ecologically friendly farming practices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Middle East and North Africa; Food security; Poverty; Agriculture; Development strategy; Food Security and Poverty; O13; O53; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16274

BAYES' ESTIMATES OF THE DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF FIXED COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Ehui,   Simeon K.
We present a model of market adoption (participation) where the presence of non-negligible fixed costs leads to non-zero censoring of the traditional double-hurdle regression.  Fixed costs arise due to household resources that must be devoted a priori to the decision to participate in the market.  These costs-usually a cost of time-motivate two-step decision-making and focus attentions on the minimum-efficient scale of operations (the minimum amount of milk sales) at which market entry becomes viable.  This focus, in turn, motivates a non-zero-censored Tobit regression estimated through routine application of Markov chain Monte Carlo Methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Fixed costs; Double-hurdle model; Censored regression.; Financial Economics; O1; O11; C34; O13; Q16; D1.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14741

Challenges to Producer Ownership of Ethanol and Biodiesel Production Facilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kenkel,   Philip L.; Holcomb,   Rodney B.
This study examines the rapidly expanding biofuels industry and identifies challenges for producer-owned biofuel projects.  The U.S. ethanol industry has been growing rapidly, and biodiesel production is poised for similar growth.  Producer involvement is driven by the desire to add value to farm commodities and the impact of biofuel projects on local grain prices.  Local state and federal incentives have also stimulated producer interest.  The long-run profitability of biofuel projects is driven by feedstock availability, access to market centers for biofuels, access to markets for coproducts, and utility costs and availability.  The rapidly increasing size and scale of ethanol and biodiesel plants make it difficult for producers to fund these projects....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative energy biodiesel; Ethanol; Producer-owned business; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43772

On the interaction between risk-taking and risk-sharing under farm household wealth heterogeneity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delpierre,   Matthieu; Verheyden,   Bertrand; Weynants,   Stephanie.
Empirical evidence on developing countries shows on the one hand that rich farm-households are more keen to adopt new technologies and are higher risk takers than poor households. On the other hand, however, they are shown to be less vulnerable to income shocks than poor farmers. This paper provides a rationale for these observations. Risk averse agents, heterogeneously endowed with wealth, non-cooperatively decide on their level of subscription to risk-sharing and on the degree of individual production risk they take. Rich households take more risks and subscribe more to risk-sharing. Although risk-sharing allows all households to cope with idiosyncratic shocks, the risk-taking behavior of rich households increases the covariate component of poor...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk-taking; Risk-sharing; Technology adoption; Farm household; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; O12; O13; O17; O33.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122556

Carbon Credit Payment Options for Agroforestry Projects in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allwardt,   Jennifer.
The potential of using carbon offset credits from agroforestry projects for farmers in developing areas has become more prevalent in both Clean Development Mechanism and voluntary carbon markets. Since the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, many international development organizations have been interested in using the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to help both mitigate CO2 emissions through agroforestry projects offsets and as a poverty reduction tool. Few organizations that have begun talking with farmers about planting trees for carbon offset credits have been able to tell the farmers how much money they would receive from their new tree growth or the costs they will incur in doing so. For this study, a whole farm budget toolkit was designed to...
Tipo: Thesis
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Budget toolkit; Carbon credits; Clean Development Mechanism; Payment methods; Smallholder farmers; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Land Economics/Use; O13; O22; R30; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118497

Institutional Analysis of Swidden: The Case of Swiddners in Orissa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jyotishi,   A.
Swidden being a widespread form of land use in the tropics comprehensively defining it become a difficult task. Its characteristics embrace different types of topography, demographic feature, ethnic and ecological diversities. It also varies in terms of cropping pattern, frequency of land use, tools and methods of practice. It is argued that the institutions governing swidden are static in nature and do not adapt to the requirements of the changing ecological and social needs. This necessitates understanding what characterise institutions in a traditional swiddening society, and hence, changes in these characteristics to appreciate whether swidden is a static form of agriculture or changing over the time and space. There are a few aspects, which underscore...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Swidden; Institution; Land-use; Property-rights; Market-integration; Orissa; Farm Management; O13; N55; Q10; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25763

Marketing, Cooperatives and Price Heterogeneity: Evidence from the CIS Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Gorton,   Matthew; White,   John.
Drawing on survey data, this paper identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine). We apply a multi-level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped and selectivity bias corrected mixed-effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies for farmers to improve the price received for their output: consolidation, cooperation and stable supply chain relationships. While selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant and positive effect on farm gate milk prices, the majority of non-members are reluctant to join. The size of dairy operations, trust and contracting also impact positively on the prices received by farmers. Policy implications are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price Heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Preisheterogenität; Milch; Kooperative; Armenien; Moldawien; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; O13; P32; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114489

The Economic Costs and Benefits of Investments in Municipal Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: A Global Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whittington,   Dale; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
This paper presents illustrative estimates of the costs and benefits of investments in municipal water and sanitation systems in developing countries. Four sources of information on the economic benefits households receive from improved municipal water and sanitation services are reviewed: (1) prices charged for vended water, (2) avertive expenditures, (3) avoided costs of illness, and (4) stated preference studies. There is little evidence to suggest that the current monthly benefits of improved water and sanitation services exceed the monthly costs. The most important limitation of such comparisons of annual costs and benefits is that benefits per household may well grow over the life of the investments, but this possibility does not ensure that such...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Development; Renewable Resources; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q25; H40; N50.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7159

Environmental Security and its Implications for China’s Foreign Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mochizuki,   Junko; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the international community to have greater capacities, capabilities and responsibilities. At the same time, environmental stresses caused by China’s energy and resources demands have become increasingly evident in recent years, urging China to cultivate delicate diplomatic relations with its neighbors and strategic partners. Tensions have been seen in areas such as transboundary air pollution, cross-border water resources management and resources exploitation, and more recently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acid Rain; Climate Change; Energy; Environmental Security; Transboundary Air Pollution; Water Resource Management; Asia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q34; Q48; Q42; Q53; Q54; Q56; Q58; O13; P28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102508

Social Capital and Farmer Welfare in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yokoyama,   Shigeki; Ali,   Abu Kasim.
Effects of social capital (SC hereinafter) on household welfare (rice yield, income, health) were examined in rice granary area of south peninsula Malaysia. SC is categorized into eight types by its form (structural and cognitive) and function (birding, linking, and bracing). OLS is used for estimation on randomly selected 60 household data. As for self-rated health status, those attending more community activity (bonding structural SC) appear less healthy, seemingly that old farmers normally have more time to spend on community activities and they are more loyal to their organization. Those who highly evaluate bureaucratic organization (linking cognitive SC) are relatively healthier. Frequency of attending community activities (bonding structural SC) and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; I3; O13; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25323

Farm Productivity and Household Market Participation: Evidence from LSMS Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rios,   Ana R.; Shively,   Gerald E.; Masters,   William A.
We analyze the correlation between farm productivity and market participation using comparable household data from Tanzania, Vietnam and Guatemala. Each farm’s input use and output levels provide a within-sample measure of relative productivity, which we relate to that household’s level of participation in local markets using a wide range of agricultural, demographic and infrastructural variables as controls and as instruments in two-stage regressions.  Results indicate that, controlling for differences in market access and the underlying determinants of market participation, households with higher productivity have greater participation in agricultural markets. In contrast, households with greater rates of market participation do not consistently...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Productivity; Multi-country sample; Household surveys; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51031

Analisis de convergencia en productividad agraria en las regiones europeas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valero,   Juan Sebastian Castillo; Cuerva Narro,   Maria Carmen.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se estudia la convergencia regional desde un punto de vista sectorial, centrada en el sector agrario. En el desarrollo del mismo se hace eco de la relevancia del sector agrario para una explicación histórica de las desigualdades territoriales en la Unión Europea y se analiza la evolución de la desigualdad y la convergencia de las agriculturas en las regiones europeas durante el periodo 1985-1997 a través del valor añadido agrario por ocupado. La existencia de un proceso de convergencia a niveles absolutos entre las economías regionales agrarias es un hecho constatado en el análisis. Sin embargo, las peculiaridades específicas de cada territorio hacen que no podamos hablar de una posición de equilibrio común, sino que las...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agricultural Productivity; Common Agricultural Policy; European regions; Productivity Analysis; O13; O41; Q18; R00.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28792

The Dissemination of Private Wells and Double Tragedies: The Overexploitation of Groundwater among Well Users and Increased Poverty among Non-Well Users in Tamil Nadu, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kajisa,   Kei; Palanisami,   Kuppannan; Sakurai,   Takeshi.
This paper investigates the impact of the dissemination of modern irrigation systems, i.e. private wells with pumps, on the livelihood not only among the farmers who have access to wells but also among the farmers who have no access to wells and thus rely solely on traditional irrigation systems called tank irrigation systems. The analysis is based on a village and household data set collected in Tamil Nadu, India where tank irrigation systems have been managed collectively for rice cultivation. Our statistical analyses predict that once declines in collective management occur due to the dissemination of private wells, the rice yield and income of the no-well-access farmers alone will decrease, resulting in increased poverty among them. Our analyses also...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Well; Common property; Poverty; India; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O3; O13; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25682

What are the social impacts of land use restrictions on local communities? Empirical evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andam,   Kwaw S.; Ferraro,   Paul J.; Holland,   Margaret B.
Global efforts to reduce deforestation rely heavily on protected areas and land use restrictions.  The effect of these restrictions on local communities is currently the subject of heated debate among conservation and development experts.  Measuring the social impacts of protected areas is difficult because the effects cannot be isolated from other factors, given the nonrandom placement of protection.  We address this problem by applying a quasi-experimental approach to establish the counterfactual (“what would have been the socioeconomic outcome if a protected area had not been established?”).  We use matching methods to measure the impacts of pre-1980 protected areas in Costa Rica on socioeconomic outcomes in 2000.  In 2000, neighboring communities near...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest conservation; Social impacts; Quasi-experimental methods; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; O13; Q23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51783

A Trend Deduction Model of Fluctuating Oil Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Haiyan; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
Crude oil prices have been fluctuating over time and by a large range. It is the disorganization of oil price series that makes it difficult to deduce the changing trends of oil prices in the middle- and long-terms and predict their price levels in the short-term. Following a price-state classification and state transition analysis of changing oil prices from January 2004 to April 2010, this paper first verifies that the observed crude oil price series during the soaring period follow a Markov Chain. Next, the paper deduces the changing trends of oil prices by the limit probability of a Markov Chain. We then undertake a probability distribution analysis and find that the oil price series have a log-normality distribution. On this basis, we integrate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil Price; Log-normality Distribution; Limit Probability of a Markov Chain; Trend Deduction Model; OPEC; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q41; Q47; C12; C49; F01; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101300

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Transition economies; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; O21; P22; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50298

Food Calorie Intake and Food Security under Grain Price Inflation: Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Fang,   Cheng; Sanogo,   Issa; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
A comprehensive analysis of food demand and nutrient consumption using recent, representative household survey data from Malawi is presented. Expenditure and price elasticities have been estimated for 20 food groups using a quadratic almost ideal demand system based on 4 income groups identified by the Goldfeld-Quandt tests. Although the current boom of maize price provides an opportunity to rethink development strategies that diversify the commodity sectors, developing countries will not necessarily benefit from this change absent significant improvements in production capacities and trade infrastructures. Malawi is likely to suffer from higher commodity prices in the short-run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Goldfeld-Quandt tests; A quadratic almost ideal demand system; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; R21; R31; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103266

Friction and the Multiplicity of Equilibria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Paul,   Thierry.
In familiar models, a decrease in the friction facing mobile factors (e.g., lowering their adjustment costs) increases a coordination problem, leading to more circumstances where there are multiple equilibria. We show that a decrease in friction can decrease coordination problems if, for example, a production externality arises from a changing stock of knowledge or a changing environmental stock. In general, the relation between the amount of friction that mobile factors face and the likelihood of multiple equilibria is non-monotonic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indeterminacy; Multiple equilibria; Coordination games; Factor reallocation; Environmental externality; Learning-by-doing; Costs of adjustment; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; J21; O13; R23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25120

The Initial Impact of WTO Membership on China's Trade Performance in Primary Agricultural And Processed Food Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Liu; Revell,   Brian J.; Zetian,   Fu.
There has been much analysis of the potential impact of China's membership of the WTO on world trade in agricultural products but few studies of the actual effects thus far on China's trade performance. This paper compares changes in the competitiveness of China's trade in primary agricultural food and processed food products over the period 1998 to 2003 through a range of comparative advantage measures, the preferred being Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage. It also decomposes changes in China's export market share of these products over the period into structural and performance components and identifies where shifts in the global regional distribution of its exports have contributed to changes in its overall market share.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Agricultural; Processed foods; Exports; Competitiveness; International Relations/Trade; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25595

Food Aid and the WTO: Can New Rules Be Effective?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Ryan T.
A new Agreement on Agriculture from the Doha Development Agenda negotiations is certain to contain binding rules on food aid shipments. Negotiating parties are concerned that food aid has been used as a form of export competition policy, and they seek the use of coercive WTO legislation to prevent the disposal of surplus agricultural commodities as food aid. Current Uruguay Round food aid guidelines are contrasted with the most recent Doha Development Agenda proposals, and the prospective effectiveness of new rules is assessed. Food aid rules will be difficult to enforce within the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding. Also, exogenous policy changes in donor countries are reducing the relevance of rules that target food aid as a means of surplus...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Development economics; Export competition; Food aid; WTO; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; O13; O19; Q17; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6313

Valuation Methods for Environmental Benefits in Forestry and Watershed Investment Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cavatassi,   Romina.
The understatement or omission of the environmental costs and benefits associated with forest management options results in project evaluations and policy prescriptions that are less than socially optimal. The aim of this paper is to examine the full range of costs and benefits associated with forests, distinguishing between how these should, and actually are, included in economic analyses. The paper first describes the economic analysis undertaken in the project evaluation procedure of the World Bank. The second section deals with all costs and benefits that typically occur in forestry projects. Costs and benefits are classified as on-site private, on-site public or global according to their nature and area of impact and according to the Total Economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Forest values; Global environmental benefits; Externalities; Carbon sequestration; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D61; D62; Q51; Q57; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23799

Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Schmitz,   Simon.
The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173

ROLNICTWO OBSZARÓW GÓRSKICH BAWARII PRZYKŁADEM DLA KARPAT POLSKICH? STUDIUM PORÓWNAWCZE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sroka,   Wojciech; Pieniadz,   Agata.
Niniejsze opracowanie przyjmuje formę analizy porównawczej i przedstawia wyniki badań opinii ekspertów na temat stanu oraz kierunków rozwoju obszarów wiejskich i rolnictwa w gminach górskich położonych na terenie Karpat Polskich i Alp Niemieckich. Badania wskazują, iż rolnictwo oraz obszary wiejskie subregionu karpackiego wkracza powoli na drogę rozwojową, którą rolnictwo subregionu alpejskiego ma już w pewnym sensie za sobą. Wydaje się, iż krótki okres stosowania WPR nie spowodował w subregionie karpackim wyraźnych zmian strukturalnych. Rolnictwo Alp Niemieckich jest lepiej dostosowane do specyficznych warunków produkcji rolniczej oraz jest w stanie zapewnić odpowiednie dochody ludności rolniczej. Świadczy o tym chociażby wyższy odsetek rodzin...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rolnictwo górskie; Perspektywy rozwoju; Wsparcie; Polska; Bawaria; Berglandwirtschaft; Entwicklungsperspektiven; Förderung; Polen; Bayern.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; International Development; O13; Q18; Q28; R11; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91913

Distribution of Agricultural NRAs across Countries and Products, 1955-84 and 1985-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.
The global database developed as an integral part of the World Bank's research project on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, which is publicly available at www.worldbank.org/agdistortions, provides around 30,000 estimates of nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries (NRAs) and associated consumer tax equivalents for 75 countries that together account for between 90 and 95 percent of the world’s population, farmers, agricultural output and total GDP. They also account for more than 85 percent of farm production and employment in each of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia as well as all OECD countries. More than 70 products are included (an average of 11 per country), which represents around...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price and trade policies; Nominal rates of assistance; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50307

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sirohi,   Smita; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Among the co-operative mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is the only one, which has the potential to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by promoting environmentally friendly investment from industrialized country governments and businesses. Although, apart from nuclear energy and deforestation avoidance, all other projects are eligible under CDM, so far, the CDM projects have largely been confined to industrial sector and agricultural sector, in general has been left out. To assess the issues and opportunities presented by potential international markets for greenhouse gases offsets through the CDM and facilitate implementation of CDM in India, a National Startegy Study on CDM is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Agriculture; Dairy; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q54; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26281

Waterfowl Harvest Benefits in Northern Aboriginal Communities and Potential Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Chan-McLeod,   Ann.
Migratory waterfowl are important to the diets of residents in Canada’s northern communities. Contrary to recreational hunters, indigenous peoples have rights to harvest wildlife for subsistence needs without permits. As a result, migratory waterfowl are an important component of diets of Aboriginal peoples in northern Canada, substituting for expensive beef transported from the south. Wild geese and duck provide many benefits to native people, including improved nutrition and health. In this paper, scaled-down data from global climate models are used in a wildlife model to project potential migratory waterfowl abundance in the Northwest Territories for three future periods up to 2080. The models project potential future harvests of geese and ducks by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subsistence harvests by indigenous peoples; Diet and nutrition; Climate change; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94934

Farm Productivity and Market Structure: Evidence from Cotton Reforms in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brambilla,   Irene; Porto,   Guido G.
This paper investigates the impacts of cotton marketing reforms on farm productivity, a key element for poverty alleviation, in rural Zambia. The reforms comprised the elimination of the Zambian cotton marketing board that was in place since 1977. Following liberalization, the sector adopted an outgrower scheme, whereby firms provided extension services to farmers and sold inputs on loans that were repaid at the time of harvest. There are two distinctive phases of the reforms: a failure of the outgrower scheme, and a subsequent period of success of the scheme. Our findings indicate that the reforms led to interesting dynamics in cotton farming. During the phase of failure, farmers were pushed back into subsistence and productivity in cotton declined. With...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton marketing reforms; Farm productivity; O13; Q12; Q18; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28492

Explaining Growth in Dutch Agriculture: Prices, Public R&amp;D, and Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Ge,   Lan.
This paper analyzes the sources of growth of Dutch agriculture (arable, meat, and dairy sectors). Because the time series data (1950-1997) are non-stationary and not cointegrated, it is argued that a model estimated in first differences should be used. Estimated price elasticities turn out to be very inelastic, both in the short-run and the long-run. The direct distortionary effect of price support has therefore been rather limited. However, price support has an important indirect effect by improving the sectors investment possibilities and therewith the capital stock. Public R&amp;D expenditure mainly affected agriculture by contributing to yield improvement therewith favoring intensification of production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth; Technology; Cointegration; Non-stationarity; Agricultural policy; Agribusiness; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24573

Productivity, Geography, and the Export Decision of Chilean Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echeverria,   Rodrigo; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This article analyzes the export participation of Chilean farms and the relative importance of farm-specific and geographic characteristics in this decision. An export behavior model is estimated using data on 8,284 Chilean farms and a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood procedure. Farm efficiency has a relatively stronger effect than the combined effect of geographic characteristics in increasing the probability of export participation. Farms with skilled (managerial) labor and in regions with higher human capital also have a relatively higher probability of producing for the export market. However, for geographic characteristics to positively affect export participation, farms must achieve a minimum level of efficiency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Trade; Chile; Export Participation; Geography; Productivity.; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; F11; O13; O18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25687

Marketing Underutilized Plant Species for the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Smale,   Melinda; Giuliani,   Alessandra.
Underutilized plant species are defined as agricultural or non-timber forest species that are locally abundant in developing countries but globally rare. Scientific information about them is scant and their use is currently limited relative to their economic potential. Some are potentially high-value crops and they all contribute to agricultural biodiversity and the livelihood of the poor. Despite a growing body of scientific literature on underutilized species, to our knowledge, agricultural economics literature has contributed little to the understanding of how to commercialize these crops of plant products successfully. In this paper we first define what economic factors characterize underutilized plant species. Our classification of species is based...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural marketing; Agricultural biodiversity; Economic development; Crop Production/Industries; Q13; O13; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25742

Evaluating the 1996 EU food aid reform:  Did it really lead to better targeting?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maas,   Sarah.
The paper analyses the 1996 EU food aid reform and addresses the question of its impact on improving EU food aid allocation in terms of reaching those countries which are most vulnerable to food insecurity. Using a two-stage regression model the analysis finds that EU food aid in kind is increasingly targeted towards developing countries affected by food insecurity. Most importantly, characteristics such as low calorie supply and balance-of-payments difficulties gained in importance in EU food aid allocation during the recent years. However, even though progress is noticeable, the results suggest a lack of coordination between the EU and other food aid donors which exacerbates food aid variability and may lower aid effectiveness.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU food aid; Policy reform; Political economy; Two-stage model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; O13; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51618

Rural Development and Poverty Reduction: Is Agriculture Still Key?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anriquez,   Gustavo; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.
This paper examines the relationship between rurality and poverty, and the role the agricultural sector can play in rural development, poverty reduction, and overall development. The historical views regarding the role of the primary sector in development are presented, and then using original data, the paper argues that there was an historical misjudgment against the primary sector that served as a foundation for anti-agricultural bias in public policy until the late 80’s. Finally, this paper explains how under certain conditions territorial/regional development strategies may prosper, but in other conditions, particularly in the least-developed countries rural space, agriculture is still necessarily the starting point for rural development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Agricultural growth; Poverty reduction; Production linkages; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; O10; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112591

Determinants of Household Contributions to Collective Irrigation Management: A Case of the Doho Rice Scheme in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakano,   Yuko; Otsuka,   Keijiro.
In order to explore the conditions of successful irrigation management, this study investigates the determinants of household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels and the availability of water. By using primary data collected in an irrigation scheme in Uganda, we find that household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels are determined by the scarcity of irrigation water, opportunity cost of labor, and private benefit associated with plot size. We also find that the availability of irrigation water increases in the tertiary irrigation area where the coefficient of variation of plot size is large.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Irrigation Management; Collective Action; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95919

The Environmental Kuznets Curve from Multiple Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaeger,   William K.; Kolpin,   Van.
The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and parameters, including symmetrical models with homothetic, constant-returns functions such as with CES functions. Similar results are also shown to arise in decentralized economies under either homogeneous or heterogeneous income levels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Environmental Quality; Q2; D61; O13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36760

The relationship between farm size and productivity: empirical evidence from the Nepalese mid-hills
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thapa,   Sridhar.
This paper examines the farm size and productivity relationship using data from Nepalese mid hills. The household data used has been drawn from a survey conducted by the author and financed by the Norwegian University of Life Science. The analysis uses models both allowing for and not allowing for village dummies(as cluster controls), the ratio of irrigated land (as proxy for land quality), and other socio-economic variables such as households, belonging to caste groups, and family size (as proxy for access to resources). The result supported the almost â€˜stylized factâ€™ of inverse relationship (IR) between farm size and output per hectare. Total cash input use and labour hours per hectare were found to be higher on small farms. The findings of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Inverse relationship; Farm size; Productivity; Returns to scale; Nepal; Q15; O13; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7940

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Incorporating Romania's Agricultural and Food Sectors into EU's Customs Union: An Applied General Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
Joining the European Union club implies, among many other policy changes, full integration of Romania's economy into EU's customs union. This is expected to have significant implications for domestic farmers and food processors. The paper constructs a single-country Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model to investigate the impact of tariff border adjustments on changes in relative prices, production and trade patterns associated with fifteen local agro-food activities. Moreover, the modelling work identifies those agro-food sectors that have the potential to benefit the most from EU enlargement in terms of output effects given that Romanian producers are capable of fully responding to the incentives provided with integration. These mainly include (bovine)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Customs union; Agriculture; Romania; AGE modelling; Political Economy; D58; F15; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30583

Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orden,   David; Blandford,   David; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper focuses on the political economy of U.S. farm policy since the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the WTO. The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the United States to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha Round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; United States farm policies; Political economy of agricultural distortions; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13; P22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50297

The Impact of the Kansas Wheat Breeding Program on Wheat Yields, 1911–2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Chumley,   Forrest G.
This paper quantifies advances of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES) wheat breeding program for two time periods: (1) 1911 to 2006 and (2) 1977 to 2006. Using multiple regression, increases in yields of wheat varieties grown in Kansas are quantified, holding growing conditions and other improvements in productivity constant. Differences in KAES variety yields and those released by other public and private breeders are quantified. During the ‘‘new age’’ of wheat breeding (1977–2006), wheat breeding alone is found to have increased yields by 6.182 bushels per acre, or an average increase of 0.206 bushels per year.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Wheat yield; Public wheat breeding; Multiplicative heteroscedasticity; Economic impact of technological change; Agribusiness; Farm Management; O13; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47267

Estudo da competitividade da produção de algodão entre Brasil e Estados Unidos – safra 2003/04
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira Filho,   Joaquim Bento de Souza; Alves,   Lucilio Rogerio Aparecido; Villar,   Patricio Mendez del.
This study aims to analyze the competitivity of the cotton production in Brazil and United States of America (USA) in terms of production costs, taking into consideration the 2003/04 crop season. In Brazil, data were colleted in “panel conferences” in the state of Mato Grosso (Campo Novo do Parecis and Pimavera do Leste) and also in the north of the Parana state. USA’s data came from secondary sources. The results showed that Brazil has a better competitivity, with good productivity, but high costs per hectare. The risk of the culture is high, given the short margins and the sunk costs. In USA, the average productivity is smaller than in Brazil; the costs are relatively high and the margins are negative in most regions. Results show that the sustainability...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Production costs; Brazil; United States; Agribusiness; M11; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60815

Constitutional Rules and Agricultural Policy Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper deals with the effect of constitutional rules on agricultural policy outcomes in a panel of observations for more than 70 developing and developed countries in the 1955-2005 period. Testable hypotheses are drawn from recent developments in the comparative politics literature that see political institutions as key elements in shaping public policies. Using differences-in-differences regressions we find a positive effect of a transition into democracy on agricultural protection. However, this average effect masks substantial heterogeneities across different forms of democracy. Indeed, what matters are transitions to proportional (as opposed to majoritarian) democracies, as well as to permanent (as opposed to temporary) democracies. Moreover, while...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Comparative Political Economics; Agricultural Distortions; Constitutional Rules; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; H23; O13; P16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50304

Do Natural Disasters Affect Trust/Trustworthiness? Evidence from the 2010 Chilean Earthquake
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   David A.; Chong,   Alberto E.; Bejarano,   Hernan D.
A series of trust games were conducted in Chile to analyze whether the past 2010 earthquake affected trust and trustworthiness in rural communities. Results show that trust levels are invariant between villages affected by the earthquake and villages not affected by this shock (control group). However, we find statistical evidence that trustworthiness has diminished  in areas affected by the earthquake. Results are relevant for policy regarding aid and recovery of communities affected by these types of disasters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trust games; Natural disasters; Trustworthiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; C93; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104522

Climate Policy and the Optimal Extraction of High- and Low-Carbon Fossil Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin; Smulders,   Sjak.
We study how restricting CO2 emissions affects resource prices and depletion over time. We use a Hotelling-style model with two non-renewable fossil fuels that differ in their carbon content (e.g. coal and natural gas) and in addition are imperfect substitutes in final good production. We show that an economy facing a CO2 flow-constraint may substitute towards the relatively dirty input. As the economy tries to maximise output per unit of emissions it is not only carbon content that matters: productivity matters as well. With an announced constraint the economy first substitutes towards the less productive input such that more of the productive input is available when constrained. Preliminary empirical results suggest that it is cost-effective to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-Renewable Resources; Input Substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q31; Q43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8218

Is There Surplus Labor in Rural India?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   Andrew D.; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
We show empirically using panel data at the plot and farm level and based on a model incorporating supervision costs, risk, credit-market imperfections and scale-economies associated with mechanization that small-scale farming is inefficient in India. Larger farms are more profitable per acre, more mechanized, less constrained in input use after bad shocks, and employ less per-acre labor than small farms. Based on our structural estimates of the effects of farm size on labor use and the distribution of Indian landholdings, we estimate that over 20% of the Indian agricultural labor force is surplus if minimum farm scale is 20 acres.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; India; Scale; Profits; Labor; Tractors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; O16; O53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95273

Agriculture in the Age of Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Romano,   Donato.
This paper aims at analyzing the asymmetries in the process of globalization and its differentiated outcomes on (i) developed and less developed countries, and (ii) on LDC agriculture. The consequences of these asymmetries are reflected in the dramatic changes in world agricultural trade – an unprecedented growth of agricultural trade in real terms and a dramatic change in its composition which is increasingly moving away from bulk commodities towards high-value, processed consumer-ready agricultural goods. The impacts of these changes on LDC agriculture have been quite differentiated, with most countries experiencing a worsening of their agricultural trade balance. This change of the LDC trade position is counterintuitive if we still think of agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Agriculture; LDCs; International Relations/Trade; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25253

International wheat price volatility and the increasing export of Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kemeny,   Gabor; Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Varga,   Tibor; Toth,   Orsolya; Toth,   Kristof.
Increasing price volatility of agricultural commodities over the last decade has focused a growing body of literature to identify the influencing factors of price variability. We analyze the effect of increasing wheat export from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries to the international wheat market and price volatility. The major wheat producer and exporter FSU countries, Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan have experienced increasing share on the international wheat market. An ordinary least square method is applied to estimate the influence of wheat export from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan on the international wheat price volatility. We found evidence of positive relationship between international wheat price and the expanding net wheat export from FSU.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat price volatility; Wheat export; FSU countries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q17; O13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122550

The Profits of Power: Land Rights and Agricultural Investment in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldstein,   Markus; Udry,   Christopher R.
We examine the impact of ambiguous and contested land rights on investment and productivity in agricultural in Akwapim, Ghana. We show that individuals who hold powerful positions in a local political hierarchy have more secure tenure rights, and that as a consequence they invest more in land fertility and have substantially higher output. The intensity of investments on different plots cultivated by a given individual correspond to that individual's security of tenure over those specific plots, and in turn to the individual's position in the political hierarchy relevant to those specific plots. We interpret these results in the context of a simple model of the political allocation of land rights in local matrilineages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenure; Investment; Institutions; Land Economics/Use; O12; O13; O17; P48.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28479

Bioeconomic Evaluation of Substitution of Balanced Feed with Chaya (Cnidoscolus Chayamansa) Leaves in Tilapia Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poot-Lope,   Gaspar Roman; Gasca-Leyva,   Eucario.
In Mexico, the culture of tilapia has developed in rural areas, where the main problem is low producer income.  The state of Yucatan also experiences this situation, and scarcity of money needed to purchase inputs results in complementary feeding with chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa), whose leaves are edible for humans and animals.  In this situation, CINVESTAV conducted experiments to determine the optimal level of substitution of balanced feed with ray chaya leaves.  The test with 25% and 50% reduced balanced feed complemented with chaya (ad libitum) did not show significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in growth compared to fishes fed with a complete ration of balanced feed (100% feed table).  A bioeconomic model was developed, including a submodel of growth...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic model; Cost minimization; Tilapia; Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55999

Farmland Allocation along the Rural-Urban Gradient: The Impacts of Urbanization and Urban Sprawl
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delbecq,   Benoit A.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
In the vicinity of a city, farmers are confronted with increasing agricultural land prices and rents along the rural-urban gradient, but they concurrently enjoy the advantages associated with proximity to a larger and wealthier consumer base. We hypothesize that farmers transition from low-value, land-intensive \traditional" crops to high-value, labor-intensive \specialized" crops on parcels located closer to urban centers. Once returns to development of a parcel exceed the profits associated with farming, exurban farmers may sell their land for conversion to urban use. Urban pressure in the rural-urban fringe intensifies as cities expand. We differentiate between a gradual process of urban growth (or urbanization) and urban sprawl. Utilizing farmland...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use; Urban sprawl; Agriculture; Specialized crops; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; C31; O13; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61723

Production Functions for Climate Policy Modeling: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin.
Quantitative models for climate policy modeling differ in the production structure used and in the sizes of the elasticities of substitution. The empirical foundation for both is generally lacking. This paper estimates the parameters of two-level CES production functions with capital, labour and energy as inputs, and is the first to systematically compare all nesting structures. Using industry-level data from 12 OECD countries, we find that the nesting structure where capital and labour are combined first, fits the data best, but for most countries and industries we cannot reject that all three inputs can be put into one single nest. These two nesting structures are used by most climate models. However, while several climate policy models use a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Input Substitution; Technological Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q32; Q43; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9549

Agriculture in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina: Social Buffer vs. Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
This paper draws attention to the specific post-civil-war situation in agriculture and the food sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H). These developments are presented in an association with the overall situation in the country. Due to economic and non-economic reasons, B&amp;H faces a general problem of a lack of international competitiveness. In a current situation, there are rare products to be internationally competitive and the country relies on imports of food and other products. During the post-civil-war emergency and reconstruction stage, the bulk of food and agricultural inputs, were donated or granted by different governments, humanitarian organizations, and donors to mitigate the effects of widespread poverty caused by the war destructions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Social buffer; Land leasing; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Agribusiness; Q15; Q18; O13; O52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24726

Sustainable Development and Intergenerational Equity: Issues Relevant to India and Globally
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
As outlined, recurring concerns have surfaced since the 1700s that economic growth may prove to be unsustainable. These concerns have been expressed again and have intensified in recent decades but their foundation differs from that of Malthus. The rapid economic growth of China and India have added to these worries. Recent discussions by economists of the desirability of achieving sustainable economic development have mainly focused on measures to attain intergenerational equity in resource use and the dominant view is that each succeeding generation should be at least as well-off as its predecessor. While this is said to be an implication of Rawls’ principle of justice, this dominant rule does not fully reflect Rawls’ principle and it also can violate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Economic growth; India; Intergenerational equity; Rawls’ principle of justice; Sustainable economic development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O13; O44; Q01.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97470

Skills, Partnership and Tenancy in Sri Lanka Rice Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desilva,   Sanjaya.
This paper examines whether sharecroppers and fixed-rent tenants in the rice farms of South Asia are distinguished by their farming skills. The idea that fixed-rent contracts are typically given to relatively skilled tenants dates back to the agricultural (tenancy) ladder hypothesis of Spillman [1919]. The screening models [e.g. Hallagan 1978] that have attempted to formalize this idea assume that landlords do not observe the tenants’ skill levels. This assumption is restrictive, and has found little support in empirical studies. The principal-agent model proposed in this paper focuses on the differences between time-intensive and skillintensive labor tasks. I show that tenancy contracts are designed to match the provision of these tasks with the owners of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenancy; Farming skills; Agricultural labor; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; O13; O17; D23; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28401

The role of structural changes in increasing competitiveness of Baltic dairy farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veveris,   Armands.
The paper provides analysis of dairy farms in the Baltic States, their development since accessing EU. During this period the specialisation level has increased but the total number of farms has fast reduced. The total economic indicators increased until 2007, but they still significantly lag behind Western Europe. Big investment has been made, but in the result, the cost level has not reduced but even increased, which has several reasons. Thus many farms were not ready to survive the economic downturn. The results of the research allow concluding that when planning future support for dairy industry the main attention should be paid to introducing cost competitive technologies, supporting cooperation in the purchase and use of fixed assets; it is necessary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy sector (O13); Income (Q14); Investment (O16); Support (Q18).; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O13; Q14; O16; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95309

Evolution of Crop-dairy Production Systems in South India from 1971 to 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yaguchi,   Yue; Kajisa,   Kei.
It is widely believed that not only a Green Revolution in a crop sector but also a White Revolution in a dairy sector has generated the great momentum of agricultural development in India since the late 1960s. However, due to the dominance of sector-specific analyses, the importance of the interaction between these two sectors has been neglected in the existing literature. The interaction is important in that the dairy sector provides manure to crop production while the crop sector supplies fodder to the dairy. Using household data collected in Tamil Nadu, India for three decades from 1971, we show the increase of fodder production as a byproduct of Green Revolution in 1970s enabled subsequent White Revolution in 1980s and the byproduct of the White...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green revolution; White revolution; Agricultural system; India; Production Economics; M3; O13; Q12; Q13; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25562

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies In Italy. An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra.
In this paper, the economic value of the impacts of climate change is assessed for different Italian economic sectors and regions. Sectoral and regional impacts are then aggregated to provide a macroeconomic estimate of variations in GDP induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of natural and economic resources is fully taken into account. The model also considers international trade effects. Results show that in Italy aggregate GDP losses induced by climate change are likely to be small. However, some economic sectors (e.g. tourism) and the alpine regions will suffer significant economic damages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Climate Change; Adaptation; GDP Losses; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q43; Q5; R13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6373

USE OF POULTRY LITTER AND OTHER BIOMASS IN ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Bhattarai,   Keshav; Bhandari,   Doleswar.
Poultry litter is a byproduct of poultry production which has potential to cause water quality problem if it is not applied properly on land as a nutrient source. Using survey information available from Louisiana broiler producers, we found that broiler litter is not cost‐effective to transport farther than 24 miles from the production facilities given the crops grown in the region and other prevailing cost parameters. Alternative to broiler litter use on land as crop nutrients is its use as electricity production through combustion. We found that biomass‐electricity conversion is cost prohibitive if three small plant operations are established. It can be profitable if one large size plant of 10.5 MW is constructed, litter is available free, transportation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Broiler; Breakeven transportation distance; Poultry‐electricity production feasibility; Impact factor; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q42; Q53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61805

Democracy and Agricultural Protection:  Parametric and Semi-parametric Matching Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Falkowski,   Jan; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
We estimate the effect of democratic transitions on agricultural protection in a sample of 74 developing and developed countries, observed in the 1955-2005 period. We employ both differences-in-differences regressions and semi-parametric matching methods, exploiting the time series and cross-sectional variation in the data. Our semi-parametric matching estimates show that parametric methods might underestimate the true effect of democracy on agricultural protection. We find a strong increase in agricultural protection (reduce in taxation) after a country transition to democracy. Specifically a democratic transition increases agricultural protection by about 9 percent points. However, the effect is asymmetric as the effect of leaving democracy on protection...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Democratic Reforms; Agricultural Distortions; Comparative Political Economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; D72; F13; O13; P16; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49313

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions: The Literature to Date
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; P16; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50308

Commodity Price Levels in Poor Countries: Recent Causes and Remedies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93685

Willingness to Pay for Information Programs about E-Commerce: Results from a Convenience Sample of Rural Louisiana Businesses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watson,   Susan; Nwoha,   Ogbonnaya John; Kennedy,   Gary A.; Rea,   Kenneth.
The probability of a business paying various amounts of money for an e-commerce presence ultimately depends on demographic features, experiences with e-commerce from a buyer’s and seller’s perspective, technological expertise, and knowledge of e-commerce opportunities and limitations.  Estimating functions to assign probabilities associated with the willingness to pay for an e-commerce presence will assist in forecasting regional likelihood of certain profiles paying various monetary amounts for an e-commerce presence.  In addition, if services are provided at no cost by a third party, value to a society will be maximized by selecting profiles with the highest willingness to pay.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: E-commerce; Internet; Rural businesses; Technology; Willingness to pay; A14; C25; D21; O13; O14; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43502

Adoption of Genetically Modified Eggplant in India: An  Ex Ante Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolady,   Deepthi; Lesser,   William H.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified Crops; Bt Eggplant; Adoption; India; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O14; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19262

The Greening of Development Economics: A Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Mathis,   Mitchell; Nelson,   Peter.
Although ignored for decades, environmental issues now attract considerable attention in the literature on economic development. This paper describes research on environmental issues in seven topic areas that historically have been at the heart of development economics: the role of the state, economic growth, trade and industrialization, relations between rich and poor countries, structural adjustment and stabilization, population change, and the objectives and strategies of development.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Development; Economics; Literature review; International Development; B20; N01; O1; O13; Q20.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10662

REGULATING ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Environmental consequences of natural resource exploitation often entail threats of future occurrences of detrimental abrupt events rather than (or in addition to) inflicting a damage gradually. The possibility of abrupt occurrence of climate-change related calamities is a case in mind. The uncertainty associated with the realization of these threats and their public-bad nature complicate the determination of optimal economic response. We analyze the regulation of such environmental threats by means of a Pigouvian hazard tax, based on the shadow cost of the hazard-generating activities. A numerical example illustrates possible effects of the proposed regulation scheme.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental events; Emission; Climate change; Regulation; Pigouvian tax; Hazard rate; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7150

Economic Evaluation of Rice-Prawn Gher Farming System on Soil Fertility for Modern Variety (MV) Paddy Production in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barmon,   Basanta Kumar; Osanami,   Fumio; Kondo,   Takumi.
This present study attempts to examine the economic evaluation of rice-prawn gher farming system on land fertility for modern variety (MV) paddy production in Bangladesh. Laboratory based experimental data and field survey data were used in the present study. To test the change of land fertility, soils were collected before paddy production (after prawn production) and after paddy production (before prawn production) and tested in the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) laboratory in Khulna, Bangladesh. The findings of the study indicate that the farmer applied comparatively less chemical fertilizers in MV paddy production under the rice-prawn gher farming system compared to MV paddy production. The input cost of chemical fertilizers for MV paddy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice-prawn gher farming system; Soil fertility; MV paddy production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; O13; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25355

Development Aid and the CDM - How to Interpret "Financial Additionality"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutschke,   Michael; Michaelowa,   Axel.
International climate negotiations have specified that projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) should not lead to a "diversion" of official development assistance (ODA). It is however unchallenged that ODA can be used in capacity building for the CDM. Diversion can be interpreted in financial, sectoral and regional terms. There are possibilities to use ODA benchmarks to define diversion such as the UN 0.7% target but they are unlikely to be politically acceptable. On the project level, three main options exist but none of them is perfect. The value of emissions credits (CERs) could be deducted from ODA. This however leads to a long-term pressure on the ODA level. Differentiating an ODA-financed baseline project and a "piggyback" CDM option is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International climate policy; CDM; Development assistance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26243

Economic Incentives for Entry and Exit in Gum Arabic Agroforestry System in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahim,   Afaf H.; van Ierland,   Ekko C.; Wesseler,   Justus.
The gum tree (Acacia senegal) in the Sahel-Sudan zone has many environmental benign functions. An important function is to control desertification. In this paper we analyze farmers' economic incentives to preserve the existing gum trees and their incentives to create new plantations using a real options approach. Results indicate that agricultural crops provide higher economic benefits as compared to gum agroforestry system. However, on the one hand, as gum arabic is produced during the dry period and land is abundant, there are low incentives for deforestation. Instead, farmers' tend to leave the land idle and let the tree growing. On the other hand, our results suggest that an increase in the prices of gum arabic of about 330 per cent is needed to induce...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gum arabic; Deforestation; Entry and exit; Real options; Sudan; Crop Production/Industries; D4; N5; O13; Q12; Q23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25720

Economic Development Impacts of Wind Turbine Development in U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.; Hoen,   Ben; Lantz,   Eric; Pender,   John L.; Wiser,   Ryan.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/07/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wind turbine; Propensity score matching; Spatial lag model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q21; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103437

Access to Land, Income Diversification and Poverty Reduction in Rural Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Odumbe,   Michael; Marenya,   Paswel Phiri.
The increasing land scarcity and the worsening trend of poverty in Kenya in recent years have raised concerns about the focus on land-based agriculture as the basis of growth in the rural areas. This paper combines two complementary data sets obtained from two locations in Kenya, drawn against distinctively different land availability patterns, to examine the diverse rural asset base and key sources of livelihood in the rural areas. The analysis reveals that while access to productive land is still an important determinant of livelihoods in the rural areas, even where land holdings are very small, growth in farm productivity alone may not guarantee households sufficient incomes to escape poverty. We find evidence to suggest that growth of non-farm sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Livelihoods; Land holding; Assets; Kenya.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q15; Q18; O18; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25488

The Market Value of Variable Renewables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hirth,   Lion.
The income that wind and solar power receive on the market is affected by the variability of their output. At times of high availability of the primary energy source, they supply electricity at zero marginal costs, shift the supply curve (merit-order curve) to the right and thereby reduce the equilibrium price of electricity during that hour. The size of this merit-order effect depends on the amount of installed renewable capacity, the slope of the merit-order curve, and the intertemporal flexibility of the electricity system. Thus the price of wind power falls with higher penetration rates, even if the average electricity price remains constant. This work quantifies the effect of variability on the market value of renewables using a calibrated model of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind Power; Solar Power; Electricity Market; Power Generation Economics; Renewables; Value Factor; Numerical Modelling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; O13; D24; D61.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122021

Breaks and Trends in OECD Countries’ Energy-GDP Ratios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liddle,   Brantley.
This paper uses the econometrics of endogenous structural breaks to examine changes in energy intensity for OECD countries over 1960-2009. Nearly all OECD countries currently have significant negatively trending energy-GDP ratios; but for several countries those negative trends are recent, and two countries have recent significant positive trends. For several countries, energy intensity had a significant positive trend followed by a break and then a significant negative trend. Those break-dates, however, appear to have little to do with level of development (GDP per capita). Instead, among the likely causes of break timing are the volatile energy prices of the 1970s and early 1980s and the increased concern for the environment in the late 1960s and early...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy intensity; Endogenous structural breaks; Modeling environment and development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q43; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100578

Tomato Farmers and Modern Markets in Nicaragua: A Duration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hernandez,   Ricardo; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper explores whether farm land and non-land assets determine the participation of tomato growers in modern markets in Nicaragua, and how farmers’ duration as supermarket suppliers affects the farm technology they use. The methodology is based on a survival analysis approach. We use data from a stratified random sample of tomato farmers in Nicaragua over a 10-year period. Our results show that participation in supermarket supply chains as supermarket supplier is not determined by farm size, contrary to a common hypothesis, and thus small farmers can be supermarket suppliers. However, non-land assets are important determinants of being in the modern channel: these assets include irrigation, nonfarm assets (linked to nonfarm employment) and education....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Nicaragua; Technology Adoption; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O19; O54; O13; Q12; Q13; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121802

Promotion of renewable sources of energy from rural areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Papler,   Drago.
This paper investigates the question of promotion of more efficient use of energy and for an increase in supply and use of energy from the renewable sources of energy in rural areas. The empirical research is based on the analysis of the survey evidence that is obtained by the written questionnaire. The 516 in-depth surveys were conducted among the scholars, students, and employees from social sciences, natural sciences, electrical energy supply, and energy management in the six different towns in Slovenia. The surveys data are analysed by using descriptive statistics, comparisons of average values, correlation, and multivariate factor analysis. The needs for more efficient energy use between different users and the significance of production of renewable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Renewable sources of energy; Rural development; Promotion; Slovenia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; L94; O13; Q42; M39.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95307

Agricultural Distortion Patterns Since the 1950s: What Needs Explaining?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.; Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price-support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50305

Assessing Domestic Demand for Organic and ‘Locally Grown' Produce on An ‘Organic Island': Dominica's Dilemma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Willis,   David B.; George,   Seraphine; Hammig,   Michael D.
The economy of Dominica faces a unique set of challenges.  As with many other Caribbean nations, Dominica has historically been dependent upon agriculture.  Over the past several hundred years, the island's economy has been largely supported through the concentrated mono-cropping of a variety of export-oriented crops including coffee, limes, vanilla, and bananas (FAVACA, 2008).  Today, approximately 45% of Dominica's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector (FAVACA, 2008).  While neighboring countries have economically benefited from tourism, due to its lack of white sand beaches, Dominica is not a typical tourist destination.  Taking advantage of its landscape, rainforests, and diversity of natural wildlife, in an effort to diversify its economy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Willingness to pay; Caribbean; Organic; Locally grown; Food; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Marketing; O13; O54; Q01; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103903

Impact of Revised CO2 Growth Projections for China on Global Stabilization Goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blanford,   Geoffrey J.; Richels,   Richard G.; Rutherford,   Thomas F.
Recent growth in carbon dioxide emissions from China’s energy sector has exceeded expectations. In a major US government study of future emissions released in 2007 (1), participating models appear to have substantially underestimated the near-term rate of increase in China’s emissions.  We present a recalibration of one of those models to be consistent with both current observations and historical development patterns. The implications of the new specification for the feasibility of commonly discussed stabilization targets, particularly when considering incomplete global participation, are profound.  Unless China’s emissions begin to depart soon from their (newly projected) business-as-usual path, stringent stabilization goals may be unattainable. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy-Economy Modeling; China; Economic Growth Rates; Energy Intensity; International Climate Policy; Q48; H23; O13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42921

Rice Production Response in Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Bingxin; Fan,   Shenggen.
This paper analyzes how Cambodian farmers and the government can respond to the rise of rice price. The study estimates rice production response in Cambodia using the Cambodia Socio-Economic Surveys (CSES) conducted in 2004 and 2007. The results indicate that agricultural productivity is far from its potential and can be increased substantially by using modern technology and inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation. Our findings also suggest that the Cambodian government needs to design its investment strategy to relax constraints in rural infrastructure such as transportation and electricity in order to increase its agricultural production and productivity and boost farmers’ income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production response; Government investment; Price; Rice; Cambodia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; C21; O13; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51042

Effects of Global Climate Change on Nigerian Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Apata,   Temidayo Gabriel; Ogunyinka,   A.I.; Sanusi,   R.A.; Ogunwande,   S.
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of global warming on Nigerian agriculture and estimation of the determinants of adaptation to climate change. Data used for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. The set of secondary sources of data helped to examine the coverage of the three scenarios (1971-1980; 1981-1990 and 1991-2000). The primary data set consists of 1500 respondents’ but only 1250 cases were useful. This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures using a Multinomial choice and stochastic-simulation model to investigate the effects of rapid climatic change on grain production and the human population in Nigeria. The model calculates the production, consumption and storage of grains...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Economic consequences; Farm level productivity; Average Rainfall; Nigeria; Food Security and Poverty; D6; D91; E21; O13; Q01; Q2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91751

CREATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melnychuk,   Volodymyr; Parkhomenko,   Sergiy; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Land reform started in Ukraine 14 years ago became one of the most important issues in transformation of large state agricultural enterprises into market oriented agricultural enterprises. Significant changes in land use and land ownership has happened as a result of land reform implementation in Ukraine. Namely, state monopoly on land was eliminated, agricultural land was privatized, citizens of Ukraine received land plots in possession, first land transactions have happened at agricultural land market etc. Actual data regarding Ukrainian land relations reformation is systematized in this Discussion paper with especial focus on establishing the prerequisites of further formation and perspective development of the agricultural land market in Ukraine....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land market reform; Transition; Ukraine; Land Economics/Use; O13; O17; P26; P32; P48; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14928

Issues, impacts, and prospects of the first transgenic crops tolerant to a herbicide. The case of glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonny,   Sylvie.
IAAE 2009 International Conference
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crop; GMO; Biotechnology; Agro-economic impact; Environmental impact; Sustainability; Soybean; Pesticide; Weed; Prospects; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q55; O3; O13; O51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51449

Obstacles to a Doubly Green Revolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Increasingly, conventional wisdom dictates that agrarian policy in developing countries should foster a "doubly green revolution" that both protects the environment and boosts output. Like the first green revolution, such a transformation will entail convincing millions of farmers to adopt new practices and, as a result, will confront well-documented barriers to technological change in developing-country agriculture. It will also face a number of new obstacles, including a divergence between the interests of policymakers and farmers, a policy environment biased in favor of input-intensive agriculture, and the fact that many environmentally friendly technologies entail relatively high set-up costs. At least in the short run, institutional constraints will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing country; Green revolution; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; O33; Q2; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10476

Optimal Farm Size under an Uncertain Land Market: the Case of Kyrgyz Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scandizzo,   Pasquale Lucio; Savastano,   Sara.
The paper illustrates a theoretical model of real option value applied to the problem of land development. Making use of the 1998-2001 Kyrgyz Household Budget Survey, we show that when the hypothesis of decreasing return to scale holds, the relation between the threshold value of revenue per hectare and the amount of land cultivated is positive. In addition to that, the relation between the threshold and the amount of land owned is positive in the case of continuous supply of land and negative when there is discontinuous supply of land. The direct consequence is that, in the first case, smaller farms will be more willing to rent land and exercise the option where, in the second case, larger farms will exercise first. The results corroborate the findings of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Option value theory; Farm size; Uncertainty; Irreversibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52844

RUSSIAN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR: 16 MONTHS AFTER THE BREAKDOWN OF THE MONETARY SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poganietz,   Witold-Roger.
In August 1998 the Russian foreign exchange market and financial system collapsed. As a consequence the rouble devaluated in real terms against the currencies of the main trade partners, generating an output push in the agri-food sector. This improved the financial health of most producer, thus "opening a window of opportunity" enhancing the long run growth prospects. But, it is not apparent whether the agri-food sector make use of the enhanced circumstances. Insufficient incentive systems due to non-enforcement of legal rules within firms and farms and lack of credibility of Russian government promote a rent-seeking behaviour of employer and employees. Thus, it could be expected, that the non-price competitiveness of Russian products will rather worsen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Macroeconomic environment; Exchange rate policy; Agricultural credit market; Russia; O13; P24; Q19; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14937

Fiscal Policies in Highly Unequal Societies: Implications for Agricultural Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.
The paper discusses the economic effects of misallocation of public expenditures in favor of private goods rather than public goods. It first lays out certain key hypotheses regarding the consequences of the apparent public sector allocation inefficiency and the factors that explain this phenomenon. It then discusses existing empirical evidence that lends at least indirect support to these hypotheses. Finally, it presents new empirical evidence for the rural sector in Latin America which documents the extent of the misallocation of public expenditures, its consequences for agricultural growth and rural poverty, and the role of certain key politico-institutional factors in explaining the misallocation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Public expenditure; Public goods; Agricultural growth; Subsidies; Social equity; International Development; H40; H41; H42; O13; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112595

Supply Chain Management of Fresh Produce: Melons in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Yanrong; Wei,   Sherrie; Qiao,   Zhixia.
The western part of China has a long history and reputation of growing a variety of quality melons largely due to its semi arid agronomic environment. In the past decade, the industry suffered from the interrelated issues of unreliable quality and intense price competition. Even though both the government and supply chain stakeholders are aware of the problems, there is a need to look at the issues from a supply chain perspective and new ways of managing the melon supply chains are to be explored. This paper analysed the melon supply chain in western China in the areas of logistical efficiency and supply chain relationship management. The results of the analysis offer insights for improving the efficiency of the melon supply chain and the competitiveness...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Melon; China; Supply chain; Value chain; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; O13; O5; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25747

Selling formal Insurance to the Informally Insured
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mobarak,   A. Mushfiq; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
Unpredictable rainfall is an important risk for agricultural activity, and farmers in developing countries often receive incomplete insurance from informal risk-sharing networks.  We study the demand for, and effects of, offering formal index-based rainfall insurance through a randomized experiment in an environment where the informal risk sharing network can be readily identified and richly characterized: sub-castes in rural India. A model allowing for both idiosyncratic and aggregate risk shows that informal networks lower the demand for formal insurance only if the network indemnifies against aggregate risk, but not if its primary role is to insure against farmer-specific losses.  When formal insurance carries basis risk (mismatches between payouts and...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Index insurance; Risk sharing; Basis risk; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; O17; O13; O16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121671

Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic and Land-use Interfaces of Bio-energy Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdula,   Rahimaisa D.
This paper explores the inter-sectoral and land-use dynamics behind the development of bio-energy as a climate change policy through a computable general equilibrium (CGE) with a land use change (LUC) model. It assesses the economic and social costs of bio-energy development both in terms of the financial investment needed for its market penetration and in terms of the trade-offs its future supply will entail upon the land-use system. It analyzes how policies directed to develop bio-energy alters the pattern of energy mix and land utilization in the economy and how these changes in turn contribute to carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation. Policies analyzed in the study include carbon tax with revenues recycled upon bio-energy subsidy and upon direct tax...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D58; Q4; Q52; H23; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25536

The Irrigation Service Fees and Affordability After the Management Transfer: Empirical Evidence from Ban Vuen- Tonhen WUA in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rasphone,   Arounyadeth; Osanami,   Fumio; Kondo,   Takumi.
This study attempts to identify the cause of lowing rate of irrigation use fee's collection through the examination of the farmer affordability in paying the fee. The study chooses to investigate one of the nine pilot irrigation management transfer programs in the Lao PDR. The study scheme, Ban Vuen-Tonhen water user association, has earned remarkable reputation in outstanding operation and management, water distribution, and the fee collection. The irrigation service fee (ISF) affordable function and 45 degree plotting diagram are used in the analysis. The findings indicate that farmers, who cultivate rice only, have the least capacity to pay the fee. However, other farmers, who cultivate rice and cash crops or only cash-crop, are able to pay the fee and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Laos; IMT; WUA; Irrigation service fee; Affordability; Farm Management; O13; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25695

Technology Capital: The Price of Admission to the Growth Club
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
We assess long-run patterns of global agricultural productivity growth in developing countries between 1970 and 2005 and examine the relationship between investments in technology capital and productivity.  To measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) we employ a Solow-type growth accounting method to decompose output growth into input and TFP growth.  For technology capital we construct two indexes reflecting national capacities in agricultural research and education-extension for 87 developing countries. We then correlate technology capital levels with long-term growth rates in agricultural TFP. Our findings show that average agricultural TFP growth in developing countries accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s but fell marginally in the early...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural extension; Agricultural research; Land quality; Agricultural cost shares; Growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP); International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16; O13; O30; O47; O57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51398

Adopting Organic Agriculture: An Investigation Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hattam,   Caroline.
Certified organic production by small-scale farmers in developing countries is increasingly promoted as an opportunity to access a growing and dynamic market, while at the same time, enhance productivity and improve incomes. Nevertheless, adoption has been limited. The economics literature suggests profitability is the main constraint, however, the sustainable agriculture literature is inconclusive and considers attitudes of significant importance. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study investigates the psychological barriers to adoption using small-scale avocado producers from Michoacan, Mexico as a case study. The data is obtained from a household study carried out during 2004 and is modelled using an ordered probit model. Despite positive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Theory of planned behaviour; Entry barriers; O13; Production Economics; Q12; D8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25269

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Economic development of Europe; F13; N53; O13; Q18; P16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50296

Marketing, cooperatives and price heterogeneity: evidence from the CIS dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Gorton,   Matthew; White,   John.
Drawing on survey data, this paper identifies the determinants of variations in farm gate milk prices for three CIS countries (Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine). We apply a multi-level modeling approach, specifically a bootstrapped mixed-effects linear regression model. The analysis suggests three main strategies to improve the price received by farmers for their output: consolidation, competition for output and stable supply chain relationships. In Armenia and Ukraine selling through a marketing cooperative has a significant, positive, albeit modest, effect on farm gate milk prices. In all three countries studied, the size of dairy operations, trust and contracting also affect positively the prices received by farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Price heterogeneity; Milk; Cooperatives; Armenia; Moldova; Ukraine; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; O13; P32; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103722

DEFORESTATION AND ASSET ACCUMULATION AMONG SMALL SCALE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takasaki,   Yoshito.
This paper explores deforestation and asset accumulation among small scale farmers in tropical forests.  In a two-state variable control model, forest clearing is an investment in land holdings and the productivity of forest clearing is a function of non-land assets like chainsaws.  Comparative static analyses demonstrate that: (1) the addition of non-land asset accumulation options may or may not change the impacts of policy measures on deforestation, depending on labor market conditions; and (2) discount rate decreases (through for example credit subsidies) offer the prospect of a win-win scenario-- forest protection and asset accumulation-- only when an active labor market exits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Accumulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; O13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21786

Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murendo,   Conrad; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought risk management; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114750

Energy-Based Economic Development: Mapping the Developing Country Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carley,   Sanya; Desai,   Sameeksha; Bazilian,   Morgan.
Energy-based economic development (EBED) can provide economic, social and environmental benefits related to national economic development and sustainable growth activities. As both policy and research interests in responsible mechanisms for economic development grow, EBED benefits are becoming increasingly attractive to planners in both developed and developing countries. The incentives, trade-offs, and payoffs for developing countries, however, are not well documented. To help address that gap, this paper identifies the general scope and role of EBED in a developing economy context, and outlines opportunities and challenges for decision-makers.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Energy; Developing Countries; Sustainable Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O10; O13; O21; Q48.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123278

Local Communities in front of Big External Investors: An Opportunity or a Risk?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Russu,   Paolo; Ticci,   Elisa.
In the current age of trade and financial openness, local economies in developing countries are becoming increasingly exposed to external investments. The objective of the proposed two-sector model with environmental externalities is to provide an insight into the interaction between external investors and local communities with a focus upon the different strategies and income sources available to each category. In this context, analysis suggests that environmental regulations and incentives offered in order to attract external capital investment (whether foreign or national) may have an un-uniform impact on the two typologies of actors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investments; Environmental Negative Externalities; Structural Changes; Poverty Alleviation; International Development; F21; F43; D62; O11; O13; O15; O41; Q20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98093

Gender, Agricultural Commercialization, and Collective Action in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender-disparities in access to productive resources. Farmer collective action that intends to improve smallholder access to markets and technology could potentially accelerate this trend. Here, we use survey data of small-scale banana producers in Kenya to investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya. Our results confirm that the groups contribute to increasing male control over banana. While male control over banana revenues does not affect household food security, it has a negative marginal effect on dietary quality. We demonstrate that the negative gender implications...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Market access; Agricultural technology; Household food security and nutrition; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71; J16; O12; O13; O31; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121229

Trade and SPS Regulations: The Importance of Being Earnest?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jouanjean,   Marie-Agnes; Le Vernoy,   Alexandre.
There is a pending question regarding the impact of food safety standards promulgated by governments or imposed by buyers from the private sector. Their effects on the capacity for developing countries to access developed countries’ markets for high value agricultural and food products is a vivid research theme that up-till-now provided mixed results. While some advocates that food safety standards may hamper exporting abilities, others present evidence that they enable competitiveness and act as a pro-poor growth. This paper contributes to this debate. We offer an analysis on how the intensity of trade flows in fruits and vegetables in Central American countries, Dominican Republic and the U.S. respond to both the level of Sanitary and Phytosanitary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: SPS – Agricultural Trade – Reputation – Alerts; International Relations/Trade; F13; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92000

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; D'Souza,   Anna; Amponsah,   William A.
Abstract:  We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Conflicts, Rural Development and Food Security in West Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flores,   Margarita.
This paper examines food security in the context of conflict in West Africa. The analysis developed in the paper recognises the importance of defining conflict type and the trends in conflict so that conflict and post-conflict policies may be implemented. The relationship between food security and conflict is analysed. Whilst conflict exacerbates food security, food insecurity can itself fuel conflict. Strategies designed to assist in post-war rehabilitation need to address key dimensions of food security: availability, access and stability. It is argued in this paper, that consideration of these three dimensions are necessary joint conditions in moving towards a reduction in the numbers of hungry. The cases of Sierra Leone and Liberia are examined to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: West Africa; Conflict; Food Security; Crisis; Hunger; Food Security and Poverty; N47; N57; O13; O18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23811

Land Cover in a Managed Forest Ecosystem: Mexican Shade Coffee
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Albers,   Heidi J.; Sartorio,   Beatriz Avalos; Crooks,   Lisa.
Managed forest ecosystems-agroforestry systems in which crops such as coffee and bananas are planted side-by-side with woody perennials-are being touted as a means of safeguarding forests along with the ecological services they provide. Yet we know little about the determinants of land cover in such systems, information needed to design effective forest conservation policies. This paper presents a first-ever spatial regression analysis of land cover in a managed forest ecosystem-a shade coffee region of coastal Mexico. Using high-resolution land cover data derived from aerial photographs, along with data on the institutional, geophysical, socioeconomic, and agronomic characteristics of the study area, we find that plots in close proximity to urban centers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Managed forest ecosystem; Agroforestry; Shade-grown coffee; Mexico; Spatial econometrics; Land cover; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10493

Strategic Planning - Niche Marketing in the Agriculture Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cuthbert,   Ronald.
The purpose of the research is to improve our understanding of the adaptation process in agriculture at the farm level and the influence through the value chain. The research identified critical managerial decision areas in the strategic planning process of blackcurrant growers in Alberta and the South Island of New Zealand. The work was a comparative study of growers that attempted to determine the correspondence between the results of case study observations and a set of theoretical propositions that were developed from a review of the relevant literature. Results indicate that growers understand their own firm’s core competencies, plan strategically and contingently to maintain flexibility and retain niche advantages.  Data gathered on the blackcurrant...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Niche marketing; Strategic planning; Adaptation flexibility; Farm Management; Marketing; D81; L1; M31; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6840

The Effects of Drought on Crop Yields and Yield Variability in Sahel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boubacar,   Inoussa.
Drought is widespread in Sahel, and its persistent occurrence has caused substantial damages to the agricultural sector. The severity of drought and the related damages to the agricultural sector are expected to increase due to global warming. In this paper, I examine the economic impacts of drought on Sahel agriculture. The maximum likelihood estimators of the Just-Pope stochastic production function indicate that the direction of the effects of climate variables is similar across crops, but their magnitudes differ. Specifically, drought as measured by a 6-month standardized precipitation index, poor rainfall spread, and degree-days have adverse effects on crop yields. The results are robust to alternative estimation methods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop yields; Drought; Stochastic production model; Sahel; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; O13; O55; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56322

Clean or “Dirty” Energy: Evidence on a Renewable Energy Resource Curse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gennaioli,   Caterina; Tavoni,   Massimo.
The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the potential for resource curse in the renewable energy sector. Taking a political economy approach, we analyze the link between public support schemes for renewable energy and the potential scope for rent seeking and corruption. The insights of a model of political influence by interest groups are tested empirically using a panel data of Italian provinces for the period 1990-2007. We find evidence that a curse exists in the case of wind energy, and specifically that: i) criminal association activity increased more in high-wind provinces and especially after the introduction of a more favourable public policy regime and, ii) the expansion of the wind energy sector has been driven by both the wind level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Natural Resources Curse; Wind Energy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D73; O13; P16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115846

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Laka,   Oksana; Gagalyuk,   Taras; Mykolayovych,   Kwasha Sergiy.
The following Discussion Paper depicts main principles and mechanisms of agricultural policy of European Union. The study is aimed to show the wide Russian speaking research community only a short historical background and few elements of current Agricultural Policy rules and should be seen as a starting point for further analysis and discussions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Agrarian policy; Reform; Europäische Union; Agrarpolitik; Reform; Европейский Союз; Аграрная политика; Реформа.; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; O13; O 17; P26; P32; P48; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92019

Environmental Innovations, Local Networks and Internationalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cainelli,   Giulio; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Montresor,   Sandro.
This paper investigates the drivers of the environmental innovations (EI) introduced by firms in local production systems (LPS). The role of firm network relationships, agglomeration economies and internationalization strategies is analysed for a sample of 555 firms in the Emilia-Romagna region, North-East of Italy. Cooperating with ‘qualified’ local actors – i.e. universities and suppliers – is the most important driver of EI for most firms, along with their training policies and IT innovations. The role of agglomeration economies is less clear and seems to depend on the EI propensity of more locally oriented firms playing in district areas, which might even turn agglomeration into dis-economies. Networking effects and agglomeration economies are instead...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-Innovation; Foreign Ownership; Networking; District; Agglomeration Economics; Local Production Systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L60; O13; O30; Q20; Q58; F23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101298

The Economic Impacts of Biotechnology-Based Technological Innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traxler,   Greg.
Global adoption of transgenic crops reached 67.7 million hectares in 2003 from 2.8 million in 1996. Delivery has occurred almost entirely through the private sector and adoption has been rapid in areas where the crops addressed serious production constraints and where farmers had access to the new technologies. Three countries (USA, Argentina and Canada), three crops (soybean, cotton and maize) and two traits (insect resistance and herbicide tolerance) account for the vast majority of global transgenic area. While some farmers in some developing countries are benefiting, most do not have access to transgenic crops and traits that address their needs. This paper surveys the level and distribution of the economic impacts of transgenic cotton and soybeans to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Biotechnology; Economic Development; Technological Change; Cotton; Soybean; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23806

Land Conversion, Interspecific Competition, and Bioinvasion in a Tropical Ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barbier,   Edward B.
This paper investigates the relationships among land-use change, biological invasion, and interspecific competition in a tropical ecosystem by linking a behavioral model of land conversion by agriculture and an ecological model of interspecific competition between a native species and an exotic invader.  The model is used to examine how relative farm prices and access to forest areas influence land clearing and thus the ability of the invasive species to eliminate the native species.  Simulations show that only a 20% rise in relative prices and a 2.75% increase in forest access are necessary for this outcome to occur.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biological invasion; Interspecific competition; Land clearing; Tropical ecosystem; Tropical forest; O13; Q20; Q24.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37275

Technological Change, Fuel Efficiency and Carbon Intensity in Electricity Generation: A Cross-Country Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verdolini,   Elena; Johnstone,   Nick; Hascic,   Ivan.
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of energy efficiency in fossil fuel electricity generation across 28 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, with particular attention to the role played by technological development and the availability of energy efficient technologies in the market. This contribution is novel in three respects: first, empirically assess the effects of different determinants of energy efficiency, which include the input mix in electricity generation, the capacity ratio at which power plants are run, as well as the characteristics of the production technology. Second, we focus on the role of technological availability: using patent data for carefully selected innovations in fossil-fuel technologies, we build...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation; Energy Efficiency; Carbon Intensity; Technological Change; Patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q40; O33; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120043

Agriculture in Indonesia: Lagging Performance and Difficult Choices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Patunru,   Arianto.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; O13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94712

Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899:Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes and War
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nye,   John V.C.
Britain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural trade policies and war; Economic history of Europe; Alcohol taxes; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; H20; N40; N43; N53; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50295

Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from COMESA Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chali,   Nondo; Mulugeta,   Kahsai.
This study applies panel data techniques to investigate the long-run relationship between energy consumption and GDP for a panel of 19 African countries (COMESA) based on annual data for the period 1980-2005. In the first step, we examine the degree of integration between GDP and energy consumption by employing three panel unit root tests and find that the variables are integrated of order one. In the second step, we investigate the long-run relationship between energy consumption and GDP. Results overwhelming show that GDP and energy consumption move together in the long-run. In the third step, we estimate the long-run relationship and test for causality using panel-based error correction models. The results indicate that long-run and short-run causality...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy consumption; GDP; Panel Causality tests; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46450

MULES IN SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   Martin A., Jr.
This article provides additional empirical evidence concerning the choice of the mule as the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production in the latter 19th and early 20th century.  While the mule was uniquely suited to the crops and climate of the region, two divergent arguments have been presented as to why the mule was the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production.  This research reevaluates these arguments and provides evidence that it was, in fact, the characteristics of this hybrid that made it the preferred draft animal for the South.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mule; Land owners; Part owners; And managers; Share tenants; Sharecroppers; Principal agent problem; Farm Management; N51; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15457

Resource Abundance, Poverty and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulte,   Erwin H.; Damania,   Richard; Deacon,   Robert T.
The negative correlation between resource endowments and GDP growth remains one of the most robust findings in the empirical growth literature, and has been coined the “resource curse hypothesis”.  The policy consequences of this result are potentially far reaching.  If natural resources are an inescapable curse, this may imply that countries richly endowed with natural resources can only develop by turning their backs on their comparative advantage and diversifying into other non-resource based activities. This paper analyzes whether the negative statistical relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth spills over to other important economic and social indicators.  The impact of resource wealth on several proxies of economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource abundance; Economic growth; Developing countries; Cross-country analysis.; Food Security and Poverty; Q2; Q3; O13; O47; O57.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23803

Deforestation and Shade Coffee in Oaxaca, Mexico: Key Research Findings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Albers,   Heidi J.; Avalos-Sartorio,   Beatriz; Crooks,   Lisa.
More than three-quarters of Mexico's coffee is grown on small plots shaded by the existing forest. Because they preserve forest cover, shade coffee farms provide vital ecological services including harboring biodiversity and preventing soil erosion. Unfortunately, tree cover in Mexico's shade coffee areas is increasingly being cleared to make way for subsistence agriculture, a direct result of the unprecedented decline of international coffee prices over the past decade. This paper summarizes the key findings of a three-year study of deforestation in Oaxaca, one of Mexico's prime regions for growing shade coffee. First, we find that deforestation during the 1990s was significant. Second, the loss of tree cover can likely be slowed by promoting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Agroforestry; Shade-grown coffee; Mexico; Land cover; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10799

Special Interests versus the Public Interest in Policy Determination
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Roland,   Gerard.
This paper focuses on recent theoretical developments in political economy and what role they might play in explaining and reforming individual country and global distortions in food and agricultural markets. Four groups of forces are isolated: political governance structures emphasizing the role of democratic mechanisms; the design of polycentric structures for assigned governmental authority for setting policy instruments; market structure and other socioeconomic characteristics; and the role of sector mobility and asset diversification. Each of these forces are distilled and data sources are reviewed that will allow econometric specifications that have both explanatory and policy reform implications.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Public interest; Vested interests; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; H23; N50; Q18; O13; P16; P26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50294

Structural Change, Environment and Well-being: Interactions Between Production and Consumption Choices of the Rich and the Poor in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Russu,   Paolo; Ticci,   Elisa.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/16/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production; Consumption Choices; Welfare; D62; O11; O13; O15; O41; Q20.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37671

Forest Conservation and Slippage: Evidence from Mexico's National Payments for Ecosystem Services Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; Shapiro,   Elizabeth N.; Sims,   Katharine R.E.
Incentive-based programs to reduce deforestation are expected to play an increasingly important role in global efforts to protect ecosystems and sequester carbon but their environmental effectiveness is not clear. We investigate program effectiveness and slippage in the context of Mexico's national payments for hydrological services program, which pays private and communal landowners to maintain forest cover on enrolled lands. To measure program impacts, we use matched controls drawn from the program applicant pool to establish counterfactual deforestation rates in the absence of payments. We find statistically significant but small to moderate avoided deforestation impacts. To examine slippage of deforestation to nonenrolled lands, we develop a model of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Payments for ecosystem services; Program evaluation; Slippage; Leakage; Incentive-based mechanisms; Mexico; Land use; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q57; R14; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93045

Productivity and Economic Growth in Tunisian Agriculture: An Empirical Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Lachaal,   Lassaad.
This paper analyse the patterns of productivity and economic growth in the Tunisian agriculture during the 1961–2000. Results indicated that agriculture output growth where high in both the 1961–1970 and the 1971–1980 periods but decreased during the 1991–2000 period. Average output growth exceeded 6% during the 1981–1990 period, the average output growth during 1991–2000 had fallen to 4%. Over the whole period, capital was the most important contributor to output growth and labour is considered as the least significant contributor to economic growth. Total factor productivity contribution to output growth decreased from 4.64% in 1961–1970 to 2.86% in 1971–1980. In contrast, this contribution increased in 1981-1990 to close the 4.38%. In the last period,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production function; Translog; Agriculture; TFP; Tunisia; International Development; Productivity Analysis; C8; O13; O14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25707

Food Aid and Biofuels: The Effects of Biofuel Policies on Procurement and Delivery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Ryan T.; Kerr,   William A.
The food-aid community almost unanimously condemns policies that encourage crop production for fuel.  Both food-aid donors and recipients are concerned that biofuels will increase foodgrain prices and leave donors unable to meet commitments.  The effects of biofuel-induced higher cereal prices on food-aid recipients are complicated functions of several factors, each of which must be considered in an analysis of the effects of biofuel policies.  These factors include the level of biofuel-induced price increases, changes in relative commodity prices, donor-recipient relationships and the sources from which food aid is procured.  This article analyses the effects of biofuel policies on the food-aid supply chain and concludes that the more reliant a recipient...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food aid; Biofuels; Development economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; O13; Q18; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51705

Assessing the Perspectives of EU Cotton Farming: Technical and Scale Efficiencies of Greek Cotton Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pantzios,   Christos J.; Rozakis,   Stelios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
Utilizing the stochastic frontier approach, this paper estimates output and input-oriented technical and scale efficiency levels for a sample of cotton-growing farms in Thessaly, Greece. The empirical results suggest that Greek cotton farm operations are technically and scale inefficient. There is a considerable scope for improvement in resource use and thereby in farm income of cotton farms; Greek cotton farmers could reduce production costs by 20.4%, making more efficient utilization of the existing production technology. Factors responsible for the technical efficiency differentials observed among cotton-growers include the farmer's age and education as well as the farm's land fragmentation and output specialization.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical and scale inefficiency; Stochastic frontier models; Cotton production; Greece; Crop Production/Industries; C33; D24; O13.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24844

Evolucion del complejo agroalimentario de Navarra. Analisis a partir de las tablas input-output de 1980-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garate,   Manuel Rapun; Apezteguia,   Belen Iraizoz.
This paper analyses the agrofood system in Navarra (Spain) using the Input-Output data for 1980-1995. The aim is to analyse the evolution and changes taking place between the economic activities in the region. Streit, Chenery-Waanabe and Rasmussen's indicators are constructed. As is usual, we have also calculated the inconme and employment multipliers.  This indicators show the very important role of the agriculture and the vegetables canning industry in the regional economy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrofood Sector; Input-Output Analysis; Navarra; Agribusiness; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28782

Political Violence and Farm Household Efficiency in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Maria A.; Lopez,   Rigoberto A.
This paper estimates farm household levels of technical efficiency and their determinants in Colombia, with particular reference to political violence (i.e., guerilla fronts, assassinations, kidnappings, and displaced population). An input-oriented stochastic frontier is estimated simultaneously with a technical inefficiency model that incorporates violence at the local level, using survey data from 822 farm households. The findings show that household productivity is lower in areas of high political violence, particularly with high incidence of guerrilla fronts and kidnappings. Should political violence be eliminated, the average Farrell's technical efficiency index of farm households in the sample would increase by an average of 6.4%, favoring households...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distance function; Farm efficiency; Colombia; Violencia; Consumer/Household Economics; Q74; O13; O54; D24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19528

Muddling Through while Environmental Regulatory Capacity Evolves: What Role for Voluntary Agreements?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Sisto,   Nicholas.
The city of Leon, Guanajuato, is Mexico's leather goods capital and a notorious environmental hotspot. Over the past two decades, four high-profile voluntary agreements aimed at controlling pollution from Leon's tanneries have yielded few concrete results. To understand why, this paper reconstructs the history of these initiatives, along with that of local environmental regulatory capacity. Juxtaposing these two timelines suggests that the voluntary pollution control agreements were both motivated by-and undermined by-gaps in the legal, institutional, physical, and civic infrastructures needed to make regulation effective. Our analysis offers a concrete definition of environmental regulatory capacity, provides insights into how it evolves, and demonstrates...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Voluntary agreement; Regulatory capacity; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10570

The Evolution of Agricultural Policies and Agribusiness Development in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaddad,   Fabio Ribas; Jank,   Marcos Sawaya.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; O54; O13; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94415

Microeconomic and Geo-physical Data Integration for Agri-environmental Analysis, Georeferencing FADN Data: A Case Study in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fais,   Andrea; Nino,   Pasquale; Giampaolo,   Antonio.
The authors, inside a TAPAS action, have developed a methodology - based on the integration between FADN data with statistical, administrative and cartographic information - to improve the production of statistical data related to agricultural policies impact on land and environment. This methodology allows - using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology - to produce and organise data at geographical level. Data spatially referenced respond to the specific needs of agri-environmental analysis and problems, mostly related to specific areas (environmental vulnerability areas), inside defined boundaries (e.g. river basin). The GIS is implemented with several cartographic layers (Topographic and cadastral maps, land use, soils, water sources, climate,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural statistics; Agri-environment; FADN; GIS; TAPAS; DPSIR; Environmental Economics and Policy; C81; O13; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24547

The Effects of Agricultural Extension on Farm Yields in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Mwabu,   Germano.
The paper examines effects of agricultural extension on crop yields in Kenya controlling for other determinants of yields, notably the schooling of farmers and agro-ecological characteristics of arable land. The data we use were collected by the Government of Kenya in 1982 and 1990, but the estimation results reported in the paper are based primarily on the 1982 data set. The sample used for estimation contains information about crop production, agricultural extension workers (exogenously supplied to farms), educational attainment of farmers, usage of farm inputs, among others. A quantile regression technique was used to investigate productivity effects of agricultural extension and other farm inputs over the entire conditional distribution of farm yield...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural extension; Economic effects; Q16; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; O13.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28509

Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saenger,   Christoph; Qaim,   Matin; Torero,   Maximo; Viceisza,   Angelino.
In emerging markets for high-value food products in developing countries, processing companies search for efficient ways to source raw material of consistent quality. One widely embraced approach is contract farming. But relatively little is known about the appropriate design of contracts, especially in a small farm context. We use the example of the Vietnamese dairy sector to analyze the effectiveness of existing contracts between a processor and smallholder farmers in terms of incentivizing the production of high quality milk. A framed field experiment is conducted to evaluate the impact of two incentive instruments, a price penalty for low quality and a bonus for consistent high quality milk, on farmers’ investment in quality-improving inputs....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/rural/urban development; Institutional and behavioral economics; Demand and price analysis; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C93; D22; L14; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122614

The Impact of Nonfarm Activities on Agricultural Productivity in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Ye; Wang,   Chenggang; Pan,   Suwen.
Although evidence abounds that the development of rural non-farm activities have increased rural household income and contributed to rural development, the underlying structure and mechanism of the linkage between agricultural productivity and non-farm activities is poorly understood.  Using a unique panel dataset of Chinese villages, this article examines the mechanism by which non-farm activities influence agricultural productivity.  I find that Chinese villages’ non-farm revenue has a significant positive effect on agricultural land productivity.  Although non-farm activities do withdraw labor out of agriculture and therefore dampen land productivity, that negative effect is negligible in comparison with the land productivity improvement brought by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non-farm activities; Labor migration; Agricultural productivity; Infrastructure capital.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; O13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103605

Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peralta,   Maria Alexandra; Swinton,   Scott M.
Natural resource management
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Eucalyptus; Food security; Kenya; Linear programming; Smallholder agriculture; Whole farm model; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49401

On trade efficiency in the Ethiopian agricultural markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quattri,   Maria A.
The availability of enabling institutions, information systems and infrastructure is a precondition to enhance agricultural markets’ efficiency, and make market actors less vulnerable to price instability. This paper investigates whether the focus on institutional and technological upgrading is enough to make Ethiopian agricultural markets more efficient. In particular, given that a requirement for exchange efficiency is the lack of unexploited mutually beneficial spatial arbitrage opportunities, we look for evidence of increasing returns to transaction size and returns to scale in transport using detailed trader surveys collected in 2001 and 2007. Whilst transport costs could be reduced by assembling loads and avoiding trans-shipments for the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Market efficiency; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122512

CREATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melnychuk,   Volodymyr; Parchomenko,   Sergej; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Land reform started in Ukraine 14 years ago became one of the most important issues in transformation of large state agricultural enterprises into market oriented agricultural enterprises. Significant changes in land use and land ownership has happened as a result of land reform implementation in Ukraine. Namely, state monopoly on land was eliminated, agricultural land was privatized, citizens of Ukraine received land plots in possession, first land transactions have happened at agricultural land market etc. Actual data regarding Ukrainian land relations reformation is systematized in this Discussion paper with especial focus on establishing the prerequisites of further formation and perspective development of the agricultural land market in Ukraine....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land market reform; Transition; Ukraine; Bodenmarktreform; Transformationsprozess; Реформа рынка земли; Переходный период; Украина; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; O13; O 17; P26; P32; P48; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92022

India's Firewood Crisis Re-examined
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van 't Veld,   Klaas; Narain,   Urvashi; Gupta,   Shreekant; Chopra,   Neetu; Singh,   Supriya.
Households in rural India are highly dependent on firewood as their main source of energy, partly because non-biofuels tend to be expensive. The prevailing view is therefore that, when faced with shortages of firewood in the village commons, such households, and especially the women in them, have to spend more and more time searching for firewood and eventually settle for poorer-quality biomass such as twigs, branches and dry leaves. Using data from a random sample of rural households in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, we come to very different conclusions, however. We find that households in villages with degraded forests do not spend longer hours searching for firewood, but instead switch to either using firewood from private trees or to using...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Firewood crisis; Time allocation; Fuel switching; JFM; India; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O18; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10591

Croatia's EU accession: socio-economic assessment of farm households and policy recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mollers,   Judith; Zier,   Patrick; Frohberg,   Klaus; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Bojnec,   Stefan.
Croatia is very close to meeting the requirements necessary for becoming a member of the European Union (EU). On February 6, 2008, the European Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn said that accession negotiations with Croatia are moving ahead well. As in all new member states (NMS), the agricultural sector and food processing chain are core issues within the negotiation process. Successful negotiation requires intimate knowledge of the issue at hand, including the socio-economic situation and the fears and strategies of the stakeholders, particularly small-scale farmers. This report attempts to close some of these knowledge gaps by reviewing Croatia’s rural development dynamics and farm structures, as well as agricultural and rural policies. Based on an...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Croatia; Rural development; EU accession; Slovenia; Farm households; Competitiveness; Agricultural policy; CAP; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; O18; O13; O12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53665

CERTIFICATION SCHEMES FOR BIOFUEL SUSTAINABILITY WILL NOT WORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Certification; Sustainability; Deforestation; Food Prices; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120004

Environmental Kuznets Curves for Carbon Emissions: A Critical Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aslanidis,   Nektarios.
The empirical finding of an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution, the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggests that as countries experience economic growth, environmental deterioration decelerates and thus becomes less of an issue. Focusing on the prime example of carbon emissions, the present article provides a critical review of the new econometric techniques that have questioned the baseline polynomial specification in the EKC literature. We discuss issues related to the functional form, heterogeneity, “spurious” regressions and spatial dependence to address whether and to what extent the EKC can be observed. Despite these new approaches, there is still no clear-cut evidence supporting the existence of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Emissions; Functional Form; Heterogeneity; “Spurious” Regressions; Spatial Dependence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C20; Q32; Q50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54299

Maquiladoras, Air Pollution, and Human Health in Ciudad Juarez and El Paso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Batz,   Michael B.; Evans,   David A.
Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, is home to the U.S.-Mexico border's largest maquiladora labor force, and also its worst air pollution. We marshal two types of evidence to examine the link between maquiladoras and air pollution in Ciudad Juarez, and in its sister city, El Paso, Texas. First, we use a publicly available sector-level emissions inventory for Ciudad Juarez to determine the importance of all industrial facilities (including maquiladoras) as a source of air pollution. Second, we use original plant-level data from two sample maquiladoras to better understand the impacts of maquiladora air pollution on human health. We use a series of computational models to estimate health damages attributable to air pollution from these plants, we compare these damages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maquiladora; Air pollution; Human health; Environmental justice; U.S.-Mexico border; Ciudad Juarez; El Paso; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10807

Shade-Grown Coffee: Simulation and Policy Analysis for Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batz,   Michael B.; Albers,   Heidi J.; Avalos-Sartorio,   Beatriz; Blackman,   Allen.
Shade-grown coffee provides a livelihood to many farmers, protects biodiversity, and creates environmental services. Many shade-coffee farmers have abandoned production in recent years, however, in response to declines in international coffee prices. This paper builds a farmer decision model under price uncertainty and uses simulation analysis of that model to examine the likely impact of various policies on abandonment of shade-coffee plantations. Using information from coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the role of various constraints in abandonment decisions, reveals the importance of the timing of policies, and characterizes the current situation in the study region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee farming; Decision analysis; Numerical modeling; Monte Carlo; Price variability; Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q17; Q12; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10511

Abatement and Allocation in the Pilot Phase of the EU ETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Barry; Di Maria,   Corrado; Convery,   Frank J.
We use historical industrial emissions data to assess the level of abatement and overallocation that took place across European countries during the pilot phase (2005-2007)of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Using a dynamic panel data model, we estimate the counterfactual (business-as-usual) emissions scenario for EU member states. Comparing this baseline to allocated and verified emissions, we conclude that both overallocation and abatement occurred, along with under-allocation and emissions inflation. Over the three trading years of the pilot phase we find over-allocation of approximately 376 million EUAs (6%) and total abatement at the member state level of 107 Mt CO2 (1.8%). However, due to over-allocation and possible uncertainty about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme; Climate Policy; Dynamic Panel Data Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; O13; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55831

The Role of Agriculture in Reducing Poverty in Tanzania: A Household Perspective from Rural Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarris,   Alexander H.; Savastano,   Sara; Christiaensen,   Luc J.M.
This paper explores how farm productivity affects poverty, and how various factor market constraints affect farm productivity. The empirical analysis draws on representative surveys of farm households in Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma, two cash crop growing regions in Tanzania. We find that poorer households do not only possess fewer assets, but are also much less productive. We find that agricultural productivity directly affects household consumption and hence overall poverty and welfare. Stochastic production frontier analysis indicates that many farmers are farming well below best practice in the region. Analysis of allocative efficiency suggests that family labour is substantially over utilized, a sign of considerable excess labour supply. Use of intermediate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Factor markets; Rural poverty; Farm productivity; Food Security and Poverty; O13; O120; Q120.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25573

The Niger Food Crisis: Causes and Implications for Research and Development from an Integrated Agricultural Economics Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abele,   Steffen; Twine,   Edgar.
During the 2004 food crisis in Niger, the weakness of the main production system, millet, to produce enough food to sustain short term crises, has been revealed. Questions arise how the Nigerian smallholder systems can be assisted by research and development policies to intensify production and improve food security. The paper assesses technical options according to their economic sustainability. A sequence of models is applied: On plot level, production functions of inter cropping systems were estimated to determine yields and their variability of the major crops. These data were fed in a nonlinear program to test the inn ovations, first at stable prices, then at declining prices that were obtained from an interregional trade model. The latter was shocked...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Niger; Small scale farming; Risk management; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q01; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25557

Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Alberto; Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin; Carletto,   Calogero; Covarrubias,   Katia; Quinones,   Esteban; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Di Giuseppe,   Stefania.
Agriculture is at the core of the livelihoods of a large share of rural households throughout the developing world. Agricultural growth is a major engine for overall economic growth and possibly the single most important pathway out of poverty in the rural space. This paper characterizes household access to assets and agrarian institutions of households engaged in agricultural activities in a sample of developing countries. The evidence presented in the paper draws from 15 nationally representative household surveys from four regions of the developing world. We find that the access of rural households to a range of agricultural-specific assets (including land and livestock) and institutions is in general low, though highly heterogeneous across countries,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non farm; Assets; Agrarian institutions; Household surveys; Consumer/Household Economics; O13; O57; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7925