Consulta: subjectFacets:"Phenotypic plasticity"
Registros recuperados: 40
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 04:11:12

LARVAL MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND ITS RELATION TO HOST PLANTS IN SYNCIRSODES PRIMATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Provedor de dados: 72
Autores: Bocaz,Patricia; Parra,Luis E.; Victoriano,Pedro F.
Morphological variations in larvae of Syncirsodes primata (Walker 1862) from different hosts were studied. Three different morphs, varying in the number of dorsal tubercles and color, were detected. It appears that these variations depend upon the species of host plant on which the larvae inhabit. The results suggest that the selection of host plants may determine the color, indicating phenotypic plasticity. However, constancy in tubercle number, independent of a change of host plant, suggests genetic differences among morphs
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Morphological variation; Phenotypic plasticity; Syncirsodes primata; Geometridae; Lepidoptera.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-65382003000100006

Influence of environmental variables on seasonal abundance and relative growth of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea): variations of a continental population
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Bueno,Alessandra A. P.; Bonatto,Carolina R.; Almeida,Ariádine C.
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors (conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, precipitation, and water temperature) on the abundance of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), as well as to compare the relative growth among demographic groups throughout the seasons in a lagoon system located in the municipality of Perdões, Minas Gerais. Monthly, from August/2013 to July/2014, the prawns were collected on macrophytes of the genus Eichhornia using a semi-circular sieve. In the laboratory, the specimens were categorized into juveniles, males, ovigerous females and non-ovigerous females, and measured as total length (TL), carapace length (CL), and abdomen length (AL). The predominance of juveniles was evident,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Abiotic variables; Demographic categories; Freshwater prawn; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212019000100218

What can exploratory modelling tell us about the ecobiology of European sea bass (     Dicentrarchus labrax     ): a comprehensive overview
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lopez, Romain; De Pontual, Helene; Bertignac, Michel; Mahevas, Stephanie.
European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, is a highly valuable species in Europe, both for aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea and for commercial and recreational fisheries in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Subjected to increasing fishing pressure, the wild population has recently experienced significant recruitment fluctuation as well as a northward extension of its distribution area in the North Sea. While the nature of the ecological and/or physiological processes involved remains unresolved, ontogenetic habitat shifts and adult site fidelity could increase the species’ vulnerability to climate change and overfishing. As managers look for expert information to propose management scenarios leading to sustainable exploitation, exploratory modelling...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Population dynamics; Essential habitats; Connectivity; Bioenergetic modeling; Phenotypic plasticity; Life cycle adaptation.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00341/45258/44699.pdf

Determinism of Temporal Variability in Size at Maturation of Sardine Sardina pilchardus in the Bay of Biscay
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Véron, Matthieu; Duhamel, Erwan; Bertignac, Michel; Pawlowski, Lionel; Huret, Martin; Baulier, Loic.
Age and size at maturation appear as key parameters governing the dynamics of a population as they affect growth rate, fecundity, and survival. The expression of such life history traits is determined by genetic make-up and modulated by environmental factors mainly through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, fishing, besides decreasing population size and changing demographic composition can alter allelic frequencies through fisheries-induced evolution by selecting for some particular traits. In the Bay of Biscay, a decreasing trend in both sardine body condition and size-at-age has recently been pointed out at the population level. The Probabilistic Maturation Reaction Norm (PMRN) approach was applied to help disentangle phenotypic plasticity and genetic...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Fisheries-induced evolution; Body condition; Phenotypic plasticity; Maturation; Growth; Sardina pilchardus; Bay of biscay.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00660/77203/78637.pdf

Impact of Environmental Covariation in Growth and Mortality on Evolving Maturation Reaction Norms
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marty, Lise; Dieckmann, Ulf; Rochet, Marie-joelle; Ernande, Bruno.
Maturation age and size have important fitness consequences through their effects on survival probabilities and body sizes. The evolution of maturation reaction norms in response to environmental covariation in growth and mortality is therefore a key subject of life-history theory. The eco-evolutionary model we present and analyze here incorporates critical features that earlier studies of evolving maturation reaction norms have often neglected: the trade-off between growth and reproduction, source-sink population structure, and population regulation through density-dependent growth and fecundity. We report the following findings. First, the evolutionarily optimal age at maturation can be decomposed into the sum of a density-dependent and a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Growth-reproduction trade-off; Source-sink population structure; Density dependence; Selection gradient.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00035/14607/11988.pdf

Adaptation génétique et détection de la sélection dans le cadre d'évolutions expérimentales
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Barthelemy, Clement.
Adaptation is a concept at the heart of the theory of evolution by natural selection. It designates both the process which allows the adjustment of the phenotypic trait of an individual to external environmental conditions and the state resulting from this process. In this context, genetic adaptation represents all of the molecular determinants of adaptation, which means, all of the mechanisms that drives adaptation of species at the molecular level. To study the evolutionary processes during adaptation, we can study the evolution of an experimental population in response to the conditions imposed by the experimenter (environmental, demographic, etc.): this is experimental evolution. When these experiments are coupled with high-throughput sequencing, the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Adaptation polygénique; Évolution expérimentale; Épistasie; Plasticité phénotypique; Caractère à seuil; Evolve &amp; resequence; Polygenic adaptation; Experimentale evolution; Epistasis; Phenotypic plasticity; Threshold trait; Evolve &amp; resequence.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00693/80497/83690.pdf

Epigenetic inheritance and intergenerational effects in mollusks
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fallet, Manon; Luquet, Emilien; David, Patrice; Cosseau, Céline.
Recent insights in evolutionary biology have shed light on epigenetic variation that interacts with genetic variation to convey heritable information. An important characteristic of epigenetic changes is that they can be produced in response to environmental cues and passed on to later generations, potentially facilitating later genetic adaptation. While our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in vertebrates is rapidly growing, our knowledge about invertebrates remains lower, or is restricted to model organisms. Mollusks in particular, are a large group of invertebrates, with several species important for ecosystem function, human economy and health. In this review, we attempt to summarize the literature on epigenetic and intergenerational studies in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mollusk; Epigenetic; Intergenerational effect; Phenotypic plasticity; Adaptation.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00590/70163/68170.pdf

Spatial variation in growth, maturation schedules and reproductive investment of female sole Solea solea in the Northeast Atlantic
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mollet, Fabian M.; Engelhard, Georg; Vainikka, Anssi; Laugen, Ane; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D.; Ernande, Bruno.
Latitudinal variation in life-history traits is often explained by phenotypically plastic responses or local adaptations to different thermal regimes. We compared growth, maturation schedules and reproductive investment of female sole Solea solea between 8 populations, covering much of the species' distribution in northern Europe, with respect to thermal gradients. An energy allocation model was fitted to size–age data, and probabilistic maturation reaction norms were estimated from size–age–maturity data. We found that northern populations from colder environments had higher rates of energy acquisition and reproductive investment, an intrinsic tendency to mature earlier, and had smaller asymptotic sizes than southern populations from warmer environments....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Countergradient variation; Phenotypic plasticity; Growth; Maturation reaction norm; Temperature; Mortality-induced evolution.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00124/23523/21360.pdf

Context dependency of trait repeatability and its relevance for management and conservation of fish populations
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Killen, S. S.; Adriaenssens, B.; Marras, S.; Claireaux, Guy; Cooke, S. J.
Repeatability of behavioural and physiological traits is increasingly a focus for animal researchers, for which fish have become important models. Almost all of this work has been done in the context of evolutionary ecology, with few explicit attempts to apply repeatability and context dependency of trait variation toward understanding conservation-related issues. Here, we review work examining the degree to which repeatability of traits (such as boldness, swimming performance, metabolic rate and stress responsiveness) is context dependent. We review methods for quantifying repeatability (distinguishing between within-context and across-context repeatability) and confounding factors that may be especially problematic when attempting to measure...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Environmental effects; Intraclass correlation; Personality; Phenotypic plasticity; Reaction norm; Temperature.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00337/44823/44372.pdf

Phenotypic Response to Light Versus Shade Associated with DNA Methylation Changes in Snapdragon Plants (Antirrhinum majus)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mouginot, Pierick; Luviano Aparicio, Nelia; Gourcilleau, Delphine; Latutrie, Mathieu; Marin, Sara; Hemptinne, Jean-louis; Grunau, Christoph; Pujol, Benoit.
The phenotypic plasticity of plants in response to change in their light environment, and in particularly, to shade is a schoolbook example of ecologically relevant phenotypic plasticity with evolutionary adaptive implications. Epigenetic variation is known to potentially underlie plant phenotypic plasticity. Yet, little is known about its role in ecologically and evolutionary relevant mechanisms shaping the diversity of plant populations in nature. Here we used a reference-free reduced representation bisulfite sequencing method for non-model organisms (epiGBS) to investigate changes in DNA methylation patterns across the genome in snapdragon plants (Antirrhinum majus L.). We exposed plants to sunlight versus artificially induced shade in four highly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Epigenetics; EpiGBS; Stem elongation; Shade avoidance.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00679/79105/81582.pdf

Population Genetic Structure is Unrelated to Shell Shape, Thickness and Organic Content in European Populations of the Soft-Shell Clam Mya Arenaria
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: De Noia, Michele; Telesca, Luca; Vendrami, David L. J.; Gokalp, Hatice K.; Charrier, Gregory; Harper, Elizabeth M.; Hoffman, Joseph I.
The soft-shell clam Mya arenaria is one of the most ancient invaders of European coasts and is present in many coastal ecosystems, yet little is known about its genetic structure in Europe. We collected 266 samples spanning a latitudinal cline from the Mediterranean to the North Sea and genotyped them at 12 microsatellite loci. In parallel, geometric morphometric analysis of shell outlines was used to test for associations between shell shape, latitude and genotype, and for a selection of shells we measured the thickness and organic content of the granular prismatic (PR), the crossed-lamellar (CL) and the complex crossed-lamellar (CCL) layers. Strong population structure was detected, with Bayesian cluster analysis identifying four groups located in the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mya arenaria; Soft-shell clam; Microsatellite; Population genetic structure; Phenotypic plasticity; Shell morphometrics.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00614/72600/71593.pdf

Evolutionary and Cardio‐Respiratory Physiology of Air‐breathing and Amphibious Fishes
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Damsgaard, Christian; Baliga, Vikram B.; Bates, Eric; Burggren, Warren; Mckenzie, David; Taylor, Edwin; Wright, Patricia A.
Air‐breathing and amphibious fishes are essential study organisms to shed insight into the required physiological shifts that supported the full transition from aquatic water‐breathing fishes to terrestrial air‐breathing tetrapods. While the origin of air‐breathing in the evolutionary history of the tetrapods has received considerable focus, much less is known about the evolutionary physiology of air‐breathing among fishes. This review summarises recent advances within the field with specific emphasis on the cardiorespiratory regulation associated with air‐breathing and terrestrial excursions, and how respiratory physiology of these living transitional forms are affected by development and personality. Finally, we provide a detailed and re‐evaluated model...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Development; Evolution; Phenotypic plasticity; Terrestrialization; Water-to-air transition.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00588/70029/67946.pdf

A model for the phenotypic plasticity of North sea herring growth in relation to trophic conditions
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Shinn, Yunne-jai; Rochet, Marie-joelle.
An adaptation of the von Bertalanffy growth model is formulated to describe the phenotypic plasticity of fish somatic growth in relation to trophic conditions. The model is developed for the North sea Downs herring (Clupea harengus). II suggests that annual growth variability during 1974-1990 was mainly due to the combined effects of herring abundance and wind-induced turbulence (coincident with the spring stratification of the water column). Springtime turbulences cause reduced and delayed planktonic blooms preceding the annual foraging period of Downs herring. The negative relation observed between herring abundance and growth is hypothesized to be due to intra-specific competition for trophic resources. Incorporated into the calculation of yield per...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Modèle de croissance; Densité-dépendance; Plasticité phénotypique; Clupea harengus; Hareng de mer du Nord; Gestion des pêches; Growth model; Density dependence; Phenotypic plasticity; Fishery management; Clupea harengus; North sea herring.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00188/29878/28358.pdf

Male sexually coercive behaviour drives increased swimming efficiency in female guppies
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Killen, Shaun S.; Croft, Darren P.; Salin, Karine; Darden, Safi K.
Sexual coercion of females by males is widespread across sexually reproducing species. It stems from a conflict of interest over reproduction and exerts selective pressure on both sexes. For females, there is often a significant energetic cost of exposure to male sexually coercive behaviours. Our understanding of the efficiency of female resistance to male sexually coercive behaviour is key to understanding how sexual conflict contributes to population level dynamics and ultimately to the evolution of sexually antagonistic traits. Overlooked within this context are plastic physiological responses of traits within the lifetime of females that could moderate the energetic cost imposed by coercive males. Here, we examined whether conflict over the frequency...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Locomotion; Metabolic rate; Phenotypic plasticity; Sexual conflict; Teleost fish.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00414/52502/53313.pdf

Temporal trends in age and size at maturation of four North Sea gadid species: cod, haddock, whiting and Norway pout
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marty, Lise; Rochet, Marie-joelle; Ernande, Bruno.
Younger ages and smaller sizes at maturation have been observed in commercial fish stocks over the last century. We establish that age and length at 50% proportion mature (i.e. the proportion of mature individuals in a population or the probability that an individual is mature) decreased from the 1970s to the 2000s in North Sea cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and whiting Merlangius merlangus, but not in Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii. The potential contributions of demography, phenotypic plasticity and evolution to these trends were assessed. First, maturation trends were extricated from demographic effects and growth-dependent plasticity by estimating probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs). PMRN midpoints have significantly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Probabilistic maturation reaction norm; Demography; Phenotypic plasticity; Fisheries-induced evolution; Life-history strategy; Maturity; Growth; Reproductive investment.
Ano: 2014
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29152/27559.pdf

Changements adaptatifs induits par la pêche chez les populations halieutiques
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marty, Lise.
Fishing is an important source of mortality in harvested populations and therefore may induce adaptive responses. These responses affect life-history traits in particular, which have consequences for stocks’ dynamics, and thus can alter the demographic direct effect of fishing (i.e. the reduction in stock’s biomass). Fishing-induced adaptive changes depend, non-exclusively, on two processes: evolution and phenotypic plasticity. These two components are observed at the phenotypic level because functional genes coding for the traits undergoing adaptive changes have not yet been identified. These two origins are confounded in individual phenotypes, and the impact of adaptive changes in the long run remains therefore unclear: evolutionary changes are expected...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: : Pêche; Évolution adaptative; Plasticité phénotypique; Norme de réaction; Dérive génétique; Érosion génétique; Age et taille à maturation; Croissance; Survie; Trade-offs; Densité-dépendance; Gadidées de mer du nord; Fishing; Adaptive evolution; Phenotypic plasticity; Reaction norm; Genetic drift; Genetic erosion; Age and size at maturation; Growth; Survival; Trade-offs; Density-dependence; North sea Gadoids.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00079/19013/16591.pdf

Starting with a handicap: phenotypic differences between early- and late-born king penguin chicks and their survival correlates
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Stier, Antoine; Viblanc, Vincent A.; Massemin-challet, Sylvie; Handrich, Yves; Zahn, Sandrine; Rojas, Emilio R.; Saraux, Claire; Le Vaillant, Maryline; Prud'Homme, Onesime; Grosbellet, Edith; Robin, Jean-patrice; Bize, Pierre; Criscuolo, Francois.
1.  The exceptionally long (c. 11 months) growth period of king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is interrupted by the Austral winter. As a consequence, penguin chicks born late in the breeding season have little time to build-up their energy reserves before the drastic energy bottleneck they experience during winter and face greater risks of mortality than early-born chicks.  2.  Whereas it is well known that breeding adults alternate between early- and late-breeding attempts, little is known on the phenotype of early- and late-chicks, and on the potential existence of specific adaptive phenotypic responses in late-born individuals.  3.  We investigated phenotypic differences between early- and late-chicks and tested their survival correlates both...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Early-life conditions; Phenotypic plasticity; Oxidative stress; Individual quality; Growth; Telomere; Corticosterone; Reproductive timing.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00170/28175/32107.pdf

Size as indicator of origin of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Nordhagen, J.R.; Heuch, P.A.; Schram, T.A.
Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) from farmed Atlantic salmon have been implicated in the drastic sea trout and salmon stock declines found in Ireland and Norway. Can salmon lice from farmed and wild fish be distinguished? The hypothesis has been advanced that the treatment of salmon infested with salmon lice with organophosphate pesticides has resulted in the evolution of early maturing, smaller female lice, which are favoured because they have the chance to reproduce before treatment. Salmon lice on wild fish have been reported to be larger and have more eggs in their egg strings (sacks) than lice on farmed fish. The question is whether the size differences between the lice are genetically fixed or an expression of phenotypic plasticity....
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Salmon lice; Origin; Size; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534287

Morphological variation among populations of Hemigrammus coeruleus (Characiformes: Characidae) in a Negro River tributary, Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Lazzarotto,Henrique; Barros,Thiago; Louvise,José; Caramaschi,Érica Pellegrini.
ABSTRACT We explored patterns of phenotypic variation in Hemigrammus coeruleus from the Unini River basin, a blackwater river in the Brazilian Amazon. Geometric morphometrics was used to evaluate variation in body shape among populations from four tributaries (UN2-UN5). We found no evidence for sexual dimorphism in body size and shape. However, morphological differences among populations were detected as the analyses recovered significant groups corresponding to each sub-basin, with some overlap among them. The populations from UN2, UN3 and UN5 had more elongate bodies than fish from UN4. The most morphologically divergent population belonged to UN4, the tributary with the most divergent environmental conditions and the only one with seasonally-muddy...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Geometric morphometrics; Morphology; Ornamental fish; Phenotypic plasticity; Populations.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252017000100218

Reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti (Perciformes: Cichlidae), an exotic species in a Neotropical reservoir
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Vieira,Augusto B. C.; Salvador-Jr.,Luiz F.; Melo,Rafael M. C.; Santos,Gilmar B.; Bazzoli,Nilo.
To analyze the reproductive biology of the peacock bass Cichla piquiti, 361 specimens were collected bimonthly in the Itumbiara Reservoir, southeast Brazil, from December 2004 to November 2005. Males and females in reproductive activity occurred during almost the entire year, with reproductive peak occurring before the beginning of the rains when the water temperature remained low, indicating that these environmental variables do not directly influence in the reproduction of C. piquiti. The long reproductive period, partially spent ovaries contained postovulatory follicles and oocytes in all developmental stages, indicate asynchronous development of oocytes and multiple spawning. The mean total lengthand body weigth were, respectively, 38.2 ± 7 cm and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Reproduction; Multiple spawning; Body condition; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252009000400024

The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Saraiva,Sarah de Oliveira; Pompeu,Paulo Santos.
Reared fish differ from wild fish in several aspects, including morphology, because they are adapted to captive conditions that are totally different from natural conditions. To minimize the influence of the hatchery environment on the morphology of fish, the use of environmental enrichment through the incorporation of natural designs in captivity, has been proposed. In the present study, we performed the physical structuring of fish farming tanks to verify the enrichment effect on the morphology of two species of neotropical fishes: Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. Each species was subjected to four different treatments over two months: tanks with submersed logs, with artificial aquatic plants, with both structures and without any structure....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Artificial macrophytes; Brycon orbignyanus; Phenotypic plasticity; Prochilodus lineatus; Submersed logs.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252014000400891

Does soil color affect fish evolution? Differences in color change rate between lineages of the sailfin tetra
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Pinto,Kalebe S.; Pires,Tiago H. S.; Stefanelli-Silva,Gabriel; Barros,Bruno S.; Borghezan,Elio A.; Zuanon,Jansen.
ABSTRACT Several organisms match their skin color to the prevalent background color, granting crypsis against predators. The rate at which body color changes occur varies among organisms as a result of physiological constraints and adaptation to variation in contrasts between objects and the environmental background. Faster darkening of body color is favored in environments that show higher amounts of contrast between common objects and the prevailing background. Soil types in Amazon forest streams (igarapés) create distinct environments with respect to the amount of contrast, a result of the amount of sand and clay, which offers different contrasts against dead leaves. Here, we investigated differences in the rates of color change among populations of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Background matching; Body color; Crenuchus spilurus; Crypsis; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252020000200204

ダイズ品種における着莢数のプロット内変異と栽植密度
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Miura, Hideho; Gemma, Takuma.
Palavras-chave: Soybean; Planting density; Yield component; Branch; Phenotypic plasticity; ダイズ; 栽植密度; 収量構成要素; 分枝; 表現型可変性.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/2311

A lognormal distribution of the lengths of terminal twigs on self-similar branches of elm trees
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Koyama, Kohei; Yamamoto, Ken; Ushio, Masayuki.
Lognormal distributions and self-similarity are characteristics associated with a wide range of biological systems. The sequential breakage model has established a link between lognormal distributions and self-similarity and has been used to explain species abundance distributions. To date, however, there has been no similar evidence in studies of multicellular organismal forms. We tested the hypotheses that the distribution of the lengths of terminal stems of Japanese elm trees (Ulmus davidiana), the end products of a self-similar branching process, approaches a lognormal distribution. We measured the length of the stem segments of three elm branches and obtained the following results: (i) each occurrence of branching caused variations or errors in the...
Palavras-chave: Allometry; Fractal; Phenotypic plasticity; Shoot size; Stochastic process; WBE theory.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/4577

Intraspecific Variation in Leaf Life Span for the Semi-evergreen Liana Akebia trifoliata is Caused by Both Seasonal and Aseasonal Factors in a Temperate Forest
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: Koyama, Kohei; Kikuzawa, Kihachiro.
We investigated the leaf demography of a temperate woody liana, Akebia trifoliata, in a temperate forest in Japan, Akebia is semi-evergreen: some leaves are shed before winter, while others remain through the winter. Previous studies of semi-evergreen species found that variation in leaf life span was caused by variation in the timing of leaf emergence, Leaves that appeared just before winter over-wintered, while leaves appearing earlier were shed, However, it is unclear whether leaves of the same cohort (i.e., leaves that appear at the same time within a single site) show variation in life span under the effect of strong seasonality. To separate variation in life span among the leaves in each cohort from variation among cohorts, we propose a new method -...
Palavras-chave: Akebia trifoliata; Leaf demography; Leaf lifespan; Leaf phenology; Liana; Phenotypic plasticity; Semi-evergreen.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/4523

Potencial plástico de Cabralea canjerana subsp. polytricha (Adr. Juss.) Penn. (Meliaceae) e seu papel na formação de ecótipos em áreas de cerrado e vereda, Uberlândia, MG
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: FUZETO,ADRIANA PAULA; LOMÔNACO,CECÍLIA.
A formação de ecótipos em Cabralea canjerana subsp. polytricha foi estudada em áreas de cerrado e vereda de uma reserva ecológica no município de Uberlândia, MG, utilizando modelos de genética quantitativa para medida de plasticidade fenotípica. Os ecótipos foram caracterizados quanto à altura dos indivíduos, peso de frutos e sementes, número de sementes viáveis por fruto e sincronização no período de floração. Existe grande variabilidade genética para caracteres importantes na determinação do valor adaptativo da subspécie. Os genótipos respondem fenotipicamente à heterogeneidade ambiental, provocada pelo gradiente cerrado/vereda, em dois dos três caracteres observados. As respostas plásticas foram distintas entre os genótipos, quanto à direção e...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cabralea canjerana; Ecotypes; Phenotypic plasticity; Quantitative genetics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042000000200007

Wing shape is influenced by environmental variability in Polietina orbitalis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae)
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Alves,Victor Michelon; Moura,Maurício Osvaldo; Carvalho,Claudio J.B. de.
ABSTRACT We measured variation and covariation in wing morphology in six populations of the fly Polietina orbitalis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae) to test for geographic morphological structure. Additionally, we examined the role of environmental variables in determining geographic variation in wing shape. We sampled five populations in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil (Colombo, Fênix, Guarapuava, Jundiaí do Sul and Ponta Grossa), and one in Paraguay (Mbaracayú). We choose 15 landmarks to describe the wing shape and size and 19 environmental variables to describe the local environmental conditions. Our results showed that P. orbitalis wing shape, but not size, varies geographically. A canonical variate analysis showed the existence of two clusters of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diptera; Geometric morphometrics; Muscidae; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262016000200150

Shell morphology of the freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) from four sites in Ilha Grande, southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Lacerda,Luiz Eduardo M.; Miyahira,Igor C.; Santos,Sonia B.
The freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus &amp;amp; Marcus, 1962) is widely distributed in Brazil, but its morphology has been poorly studied. We compared the shell morphology of samples from four sites (Vila do Abraão, Vila de Provetá, Parnaioca and Praia do Sul) in Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro) in order to evaluate differences within and among four populations. We used nine morphometric characters representing shell size and shape. To analyze shell morphology we considered aperture shape, sculpture of teleoconch, apex carving and position. The resulting dataset was correlated by Pearson´s linear correlation and shell differences among populations were tested using ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis. The results showed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Freshwater snails; Mollusca; Shell morphology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702011000300007

Light-related variation in sapling architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species of the Mexican rain forest
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: MARTÍNEZ-SÁNCHEZ,JOSÉ LUIS; MEAVE,JORGE A; BONGERS,FRANS.
The crown architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species (two subcanopy and one mid-canopy) was analyzed in relation to the light regime of the forest understorey. The aim was to examine to which extent shade-tolerant species variate in their crown architecture. Tree saplings (265) between 50 and 300 cm height, and distributed from understorey to variously-sized canopy gaps, were measured for 13 architectural traits in the lowland rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, México. The analysis showed that the three species changed their architecture as light increased but in a different way. No species conformed to the typical wide-crown type expected for shade-tolerant species, and in contrast they presented some traits of light demanding species. The two sub-canopy...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Actinometry; Allometry; Growth type; Phenotypic plasticity; Tree morphology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2008000300005

Gut size flexibility in rodents: what we know, and don't know, after a century of research
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: NAYA,DANIEL E.
Phenotypic plasticity comprises a central concept in the understanding of how organisms interact with their environment, and thus, is a central topic in ecology and evolution. A particular case of phenotypic plasticity is phenotypic flexibility, which refers to reversible change in organism traits due to changes in internal or external environmental conditions. Flexibility of digestive features has been analyzed for more than a century in a myriad of different species and contexts. Studies in rodents on gut size flexibility have been developed mainly from two different áreas of the biological sciences, physiology and ecology. However, as for several other topics related with physiological ecology, both kinds of studies largely developed along sepárate...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Digestive physiology; Phenotypic plasticity; Physiological flexibility; Rodents.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2008000400012

Intraspecific differences in metabolic rate of Chroeomys olivaceus (Rodentia: Muridae): the effect of thermal acclimation in arid and mesic habitats
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: Novoa,F. Fernando; Rivera-hutinel,Antonio; rosenmann,Mario; Sabat,Pablo.
Studies of metabolic capacities in rodents have been largely studied at an inter-specific levels, but physiological capacities of populations belonging to the same species have received lesser attention. Here we studied the maximum and basal metabolic rates of two populations of the rodent Chroeomys olivaceus dwelling in habitats with contrasting temperature and rainfall regimes, and to test if differences in metabolic capacities are due to local adaptation or acclimatization effect. After four weeks of acclimation to 25 ºC and 10 ºC, the BMR and MMR were determined in individuals from the northern population of Caleta Loa, and the southern population of La Picada. Individuals from ‘La Picada’ population were heavier than those from Caleta Loa. MMR and BMR...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Basal metabolic rate; Chroeomys olivaceus; Maximum metabolic rate; Population; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2005000200004

An evolutionary frame of work to study physiological adaptation to high altitudes
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: REZENDE,ENRICO L.; GOMES,FERNANDO R.; GHALAMBOR,CAMERON K.; RUSSELL,GREGORY A.; CHAPPELLl,MARK A.
How complex physiological systems evolve is one of the major questions in evolutionary physiology. For example, how traits interact at the physiological and genetic level, what are the roles of development and plasticity in Darwinian evolution, and eventually how physiological traits will evolve, remains poorly understood. In this article we summarize the current frame of work evolutionary physiologists are employing to study the evolution of physiological adaptations, as well as the role of developmental and reversible phenotypic plasticity in this context. We also highlight representative examples of how the integration of evolutionary and developmental physiology, concomitantly with the mechanistic understanding of physiological systems, can provide a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Evolutionary processes; Natural selection; Life-history; Oxygen availability; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2005000200016

Effects of environmental temperature on oxygen diffusion capacity during post-natal development in the altricial rodent, Phyllotis darwini
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: CANALS,MAURICIO; FIGUEROA,DANIELA P; MIRANDA,JESSICA P; SABAT,PABLO.
In this contribution we studied the developmental phenotypic plasticity of respiratory structures involved in the exchange of gases in an altricial rodent, the leaf-eared mouse {Phyllotis darwini). We studied morphological pulmonary parameters of warm (30 °C) and cold acclimated animals 15 °C) at different developmental stages. We found that acclimation treatments did not affect neither lung volume, the alveolo-capillary barrier thickness nor the respiratory surface density. In consequence the oxygen diffusion capacity was not affected. Although Phyllotis darwini exhibited structural respiratory changes expected by its ontogenetic development, these structures were not affected by thermal acclimation during the post-natal development.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Lung; Altricial rodents.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2009000100010

Phenotypic plasticity for Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larval olfactory behaviour in response to whole fruit olfactory stimuli
Provedor de dados: 99
Autores: Lavagnino,Nicolás J.; Fanara,Juan J.
Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is the quintessential insect model organism. However, with a few exceptions, ecological features of this species have been poorly investigated. In the present work we describe a behavioural assay to quantify olfactory behaviour of D. melanogaster larvae in response to complex olfactory stimuli that are present in the natural environments, i. e.: rotten fruits that act as hosts in nature. Results obtained using this assay reveal that there is intra-population genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity for the character in a natural population from west-central Argentina.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Olfactory behaviour; Natural variation; Phenotypic plasticity; Drosophila melanogaster; Behavioural assay.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0373-56802011000200022

Growth of radiata pine families in nursery and two years after field establishment
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Meza,Sergio Enrique Espinoza; Ivković,Miloš; Arce,Marco Aliro Yáñez; Díaz,Carlos Renato Magni; Moya,Rómulo Eduardo Santelices; Ariza,Antonio María Cabrera.
ABSTRACT: Pinus radiata D. Don is the most widely planted exotic species in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and Spain. In this study, growth and survival of P. radiata were compared in 30 open pollinated families grown under two contrasting watering regimes in nursery (well-watered cf. water-stress conditions) and planted on a drought-prone site with Mediterranean climate in central Chile. This study assessed phenotypic plasticity in growth and survival at nursery stage and two years after establishment in the field. Family plasticity at nursery stage was estimated by the angular phenotypic change index (APCI), while the relationship between nursery and field traits was estimated by genetic correlations (rg) and the Pearson coefficient of correlation (rxy)....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pinus radiata; Survival; Phenotypic plasticity; Nursery-field correlations; Dry sites.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162020000301000

Density-dependent morphological plasticity and trade-offs among vegetative traits in Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae)
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: Andrade,Eleonora Alvarenga; Barbosa,Mário Eduardo Avelar; Demetrio,Guilherme Ramos.
Density-dependent responses are an important component of the organism life-history, and the resource allocation theory is a central concept to the life-history theory. When resource allocation varies due to environmental changes, a plant may change its morphology or physiology to cope with the new conditions, a process known as phenotypic plasticity. Our study aimed to evaluate how plant density affects Eichhornia crassipes allocation patterns. A total of 214 individuals in high and low density were collected. The density effect was observed in all plant traits examined including biomass accumulation. All traits of E. crassipes demonstrated higher values in high density conditions, except for biomass of leaves. Density exhibited a high influence on...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Plant-environment relationships; Plastic morphology; Macrophyte.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672013000400007

Algicidal effects of aqueous leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) on Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) de Brébission
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Chia,Mathias Ahii; Akinsanmi,Jamiu Taiwo; Tanimu,Yahuza; Ladan,Zakari.
The application of synthetic algaecides for the control of algae produces by-products that are sometimes toxic to the environment. There is a need for natural and cheap alternatives to synthetic algaecides. In the present study, we investigated the potential of aqueous crude extract of Azadirachta indica to inhibit the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of groups of bioactive compounds that are capable of inhibiting microalgal growth. Chlorophyll a concentration, dry weight production and cell density of microalga decreased with increasing crude extract concentration. After three days of exposure, the 1000 mg/L extract concentration resulted in complete growth inhibition and cell lysis....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Algaecide; Growth inhibition; Microalgae; Neem; Oxidative stress; Phenotypic plasticity.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000100001

Evidence of morphometric differentiation among Antarctic moss populations as a response to local microenvironment
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Medina,Rayssa Garay; Barcellos,Suziane Alves; Victoria,Filipe de Carvalho; Albuquerque,Margéli Pereira de; Pereira,Antonio Batista; Stefenon,Valdir Marcos.
ABSTRACTStudies on phenotypic variation among populations growing in different microenvironments may provide information about plasticity related to environmental pressures, and thus help to elucidate the potential evolutionary forces contributing to the origin and maintenance of diversity in any region. In this study we investigate morphometric variation on a small geographic scale for three species of Antarctic mosses. All species revealed significant differentiation among populations for all evaluated traits. The comparison of morphometric measures of populations of Polytrichum juniperinumfrom Nelson Island and from southern Brazil suggests that the effects of a small geographic scale in Antarctica are the same as a large geographic scale in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Andreae gainii; Bryum pseudotriquetrum; Nelson Island; Phenotypic plasticity; Polytrichum juniperinum.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062015000300383

Innateness and the instinct to learn
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Marler,Peter.
Concepts of innateness were at the heart of Darwin's approach to behavior and central to the ethological theorizing of Lorenz and, at least to start with, of Tinbergen. Then Tinbergen did an about face, and for some twenty years the term 'innate' became highly suspect. He attributed the change to Lehrman's famous 1953 critique in which he asserted that classifying behaviors as innate tells us nothing about how they develop. Although Lehrman made many valid points, I will argue that this exchange also led to profound misunderstandings that were ultimately damaging to progress in research on the development of behavior. The concept of 'instincts to learn', receiving renewed support from current theorizing among geneticists about phenotypic plasticity,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Innateness; Song learning; Phenotypic plasticity; Behavioral genetics; Tinbergen's four questions.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652004000200002

Morphological analysis and DNA methylation in Conyza bonariensis L. cronquist (Asteraceae) phenotypes
Provedor de dados: 53
Autores: Paula,Juliana Maria de; Pinto-Maglio,Cecília Alzira Ferreira; Pinto,Luciana Rossini.
ABSTRACT The species Conyza bonariensis (L.) cause losses in agriculture due to their invasive capacity and resistance to herbicides like glyphosate. The species of this genus exhibit phenotypic plasticity, which complicates their identification and characterization. Thus, experiments were performed with 2 extreme C. bonariensis phenotypes (called broad leaf and narrow leaf) in greenhouse conditions and in the laboratory, in order to verify if the morphological differences among these phenotypes are a genetic character or result from environmental effects. In addition to the comparative morphological analysis, assessment of DNA methylation profile was performed to detect the occurrence, or not, of differences in the epigenetic level. The morphological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Phenotypic plasticity; Conyza bonariensis; Resistance; Weeds.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052017000400480