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MUDANÇA INSTITUCIONAL E O IMPACTO NO PADRÃO TECNOLÓGICO: O CASO DA MECANIZAÇÃO DA COLHEITA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO PARANÁ
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junqueira,   Clarissa Pereira; Sterchile,   Shirla Patricia Weber; Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis.
Due to changes in the institutional environment, mainly the Law 11.241/2002 (SP), which limits the burning of sugarcane and favors the mechanization of its harvest, there is a new technological pattern in the Brazilian production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this article is to analyze the reasons behind the adoption of the mechanized harvest in the sugar and alcohol sector of Paraná state through field research (interviews and questionnaires applied during the second semester of 2007). The results show that the mechanization of the sugar cane harvest in Paraná was due to market pressures, allied to other factors: scarce labor in the state, environmental and market pressures, change of the technological standards and costs imputed by São Paulo...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Institutional environment; Mechanized harvest; Saccharu officinarum L.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62149

A META-ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogundari,   Kolawole.
This study sheds light on how study specific-characteristics impact mean technical efficiency (MTE) in Nigerian agriculture.  Also the paper extracts consensus message about MTE and its drivers in Nigerian agriculture based on studies covering the period 1999-2008. A meta-analysis using truncated regression was employed on a total of sixty four studies which yield eighty six observations for the econometric analysis. The regression results show that MTE in Nigerian agriculture increased significantly over the years. Study specific-characteristics such as sample size, number of inputs used as well as studies with focus on crop and livestock production were found to significantly impact MTE. Further analyses show that studies in the Northcentral, Southwest,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meta-regression; Technical Efficiency; Truncated Regression; Agriculture; Nigeria; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50327

Agricultural Profits and Farm Household Wealth: A Farm-level Analysis Using Repeated Cross Sections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blank,   Steven C.; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Nehring,   Richard F.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
This study examines the relationship between agricultural profits and farm household wealth across locations and farm sizes in U.S. agriculture. A multiperiod household model is used to develop hypotheses for testing. Results indicate that farmland has out-performed nonfarm investments over the past decade. Thus, households may want to keep their farmland to build wealth, even if it requires them to earn off-farm income. The analysis implies that decision will be made based on farm household wealth factors having little to do with agriculture.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm household; Off-farm income; Production profits; Wealth; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48749

The Structural Estimation of Principal-Agent Models by Least Squares: Evidence from Land Tenancy in Madagascar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Zachary S.; Bellemare,   Marc F.
We develop a method to structurally estimate principal-agent models by ordinary least squares (OLS). We set up a general principal-agent model which explicitly incorporates the wealth levels of each party and the opportunity cost to the agent of entering the contract. This yields an optimal contract that is linearized by way of an Nth order Taylor approximation. This in turn imposes N(3N-1)/2 restrictions on the parameters and yields an empirical test of the canonical principal-agent model. In the application, we consider the case where N = 2 and apply our method to a sample of land tenancy contracts in rural Madagascar. Empirical tests lead to consistent failure to reject the hypotheses derived from our structural model, which lends support to our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Principal-Agent Models; Contract Theory; Structural Estimations; Risk and Uncertainty; C12; C13; D86; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49368

EXOGENOUS PRODUCTION SHOCKS AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AMONG TRADITIONAL IVORIEN RICE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sherlund,   Shane M.; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This paper uses a unique panel data set and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to obtain estimates of technical efficiency for 492 traditional rice plots in Côte d'Ivoire.  The objective of this paper is to explore the importance of explicitly controlling for exogenous shocks to production in technical efficiency estimation.  We show how omission of such variables in highly stochastic production environments can lead to serious inferential errors, with potentially significant policy implications.  Conventional DEA estimation of a production frontier, followed by second-stage Tobit estimation of the correlates of plot- level technical efficiency, suggest widespread and substantial inefficiency related to crop fragmentation and seed varieties.  However, when...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa (Sub-Saharan); Ivory Coast; Production frontiers; Agricultural productivity; Rice.; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; O12; Q12; D2.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20945

Market Valuation of Preconditioning Feeder Calves
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Avent,   R. Keith; Ward,   Clement E.; Lalman,   David L.
Preconditioning calf programs, while not new, are becoming more prevalent. They provide benefits to cow-calf producers while adding value for feeder cattle buyers. However, questions remain regarding the economic costs and returns of such programs. A model was estimated with data from three consecutive-day sales, to determine the value that buyers place on preconditioning programs and related feeder cattle traits. Our results indicate that price premiums, although evident, appear to be insufficient by themselves to cover the marginal costs of preconditioning.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal health; Feeder cattle; Hedonic model; Marketing; Preconditioning; Prices; Value-added; Q13; Q12; Q11; C23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42894

The Impact of the Crude Oil Price on the Livestock Sector under a Regime of  Integrated Energy and Grain Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
The study finds that the emergence and expansion of the ethanol sector was associated with a fundamental transformation of the integration of the energy and agricultural sectors. In particular, the correlation structure between crude oil and grain prices increased dramatically, becoming more statistically significant, and with all anomalous signs corrected. Before the ethanol boom, the correlation of the crude oil price and corn was -0.117. It increased to 0.876 in the ethanol boom period. Soymeal correlation increased from 0.182 to 0.909, and distillers dried grains with solubles increased from -0.252 to 0.834. As a result, the energy market is also now impacting the livestock sector through feed costs, which account for more than half of total costs....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy sector; Agricultural sector; Least-cost feed ration; Biofuel; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49240

Managing Expected Switchgrass Biomass Yield Variability by Strategically Selecting Land to Lease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Debnath,   Deepayan; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Epplin,   Francis M.
Biorefineries that plan to use switchgrass exclusively will have to account for year-to-year variability in feedstock production. The objective of this research is to determine the quantity, class, and location of land to lease for switchgrass production to provide for the needs of a biorefinery. The firm could elect to lease land based on average switchgrass yields or to lease to attempt to insure that even in the worst case (based on historical data) production year the area leased will produce sufficient feedstock to fully provide for the needs of the biorefinery. EPIC was used to generate empirical distributions of switchgrass biomass yields for three land classes for each of 30 counties. Mathematical programming was used to address the objectives and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: EPIC; Mathematical programming; Switchgrass; Yield variability; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q42; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124230

Economic Comparison of Commodity and Conservation Program Benefits: An Example from the Mississippi Delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   John D.; Parkhurst,   Gregory M.
Changes to commodity programs in the 2002 Farm Bill increased the value of crop base acreages on which decoupled payments are received.  The bill also expanded the availability of key conservation programs.  This paper compares the value of payments from commodity programs (along with continued crop production) to the easement payment (and recreational lease revenue) available under the Wetland Reserve Program.  A net present value model using risk-adjusted returns is employed in the analysis for Mississippi delta cropland containing rice, cotton, and soybean base.  Sensitivity analysis is conducted on some of the key variables affecting the decision.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Countercyclical payment; Direct payment; Net present value; WRP; Q12; Q15; Q18; C15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43390

Optimizing whole-farm management considering price and climate risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehmann,   Niklaus; Finger,   Robert.
We investigate impacts of climate change (CC) and likely increases in price risks on income, income variability, utility and on adaptation responses in crop production in Western Switzerland. To this end, a bio-economic model is used that combines a crop growth model with an economic decision model non-parametrically using genetic algorithms. Our analysis focuses on the farm-level, which enables us to integrate a much wider set of potential adaptation responses in our analysis. The model is applied to four scenarios that represent likely changes in environmental conditions due to CC as well as increasing price risks due to market liberalization, and combinations thereof. It shows that CC has the larger influence on farm-level income and utility as well as...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetic Algorithms; Agricultural Modeling; Climate Change; Price risks; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122533

Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments – A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Ruben,   Ruerd.
Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Less-favored areas; Farm households; Poverty; Erosion; Micro-simulation; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q12; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25340

Technology Adoption and Off-Farm Household Income: The Case of Herbicide-Tolerant Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Hendricks,   Chad; Mishra,   Ashok K.
We model the interaction of off-farm work and adoption of agricultural technologies and the impact of adopting these technologies on farm household income from on farm and off-farm sources after controlling for such interaction, and estimate the model for the case of adoption of herbicide-tolerant (HT) soybeans using a nationwide survey of soybean farms for 2000.  We find that adoption of HT soybeans is positively and significantly related to off-farm household income for U.S. soybean farmers, after controlling for other factors.  In addition, while on-farm household income is not significantly related to adoption, total household income increases significantly with adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Biotechnology; Herbicide tolerant soybeans; Off-farm income; Technology adoption; O33; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43487

Environmental Targets and Shadow Prices of Bad Outputs in Organic and Conventional Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huhtala,   Anni; Marklund,   Per-Olov.
We present a framework for deriving shadow prices for negative environmental impacts regulated in agriculture. The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental performance; Technology choices; Nutrient surplus; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; C21; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24575

Impacts of the SURE Standing Disaster Assistance Program on Producer Risk Management and Crop Insurance Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   John D.; Barnett,   Barry J.; Coble,   Keith H.
This research investigates the potential effects of the row crop provisions of the standing disaster assistance program (SURE) in the 2008 Farm Bill.  Results suggest little impact on producer crop insurance purchase decisions, though the program does seem to provide an incentive for mid-level coverage.  Payments under the program should be expected to differ considerably across geographic regions and levels of diversification, with the program providing the greatest benefit to undiversified producers in more risky production regions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Disaster assistance; Farm Bill; SURE; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49304

How Inefficient Really Are the Small-Scale Rice Farmers in Eastern India?: Examining the Effects of Microtopography on the Estimation of Technical Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuwa,   Nobuhiko; Edmonds,   Christopher M.; Banik,   Pabitra.
We focus on the impact of failing to control for differences in land types defined along toposequence on estimates of farm technical efficiency for small-scale rice farms in eastern India.  In contrast with the existing literature, we find that those farms may be considerably more technically efficient than they appear from more aggregated analysis without such control. Farms planted with modern rice varieties are technically efficient. Furthermore, farms planted with traditional rice varieties operate close to the production frontier on less productive lands (upland and mid-upland), but significant technical inefficiency exists on more productive lands (medium land and lowland).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier production function; Productivity; Rice; India; Farm Management; O13; O33; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19435

Marketing Efficiency of Green Peas under Different Supply Chains in Punjab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sidhu,   R.S.; Sidhu,   M.S.; Singh,   J.M.
During the year 2007-08, the area under green peas in Punjab was 18.45 thousand hectares with a production of 1.11 lakh tonnes. The total consumption at the farm level being just 2.54 per cent, the marketed surplus was 97.46 per cent. The maximum quantity of green peas was sold by the growers in the wholesale market (about 89%) and the rest was sold at the farm, in the village and in Apni Mandi. The marketing of green peas has been studied by three supply chains, viz. I: Producer → wholesaler (through commission agent) → retailer → consumer; II: Producer → retailer (through commission agent) → consumer; III: Producer → consumer. The net price received by the producer was 67 per cent, 69 per cent and 94 per cent in supply chains I, II and III respectively...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Marketing efficiency; Green peas; Supply chains; Punjab; Price spread; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119379

INVESTMENT, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND PUBLIC POLICY IN A NEOCLASSICAL ADJUSTMENT COST FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cechura,   Lukas.
This paper deals with the analysis of the impact of credit rationing on the farmer’s economic equilibrium and the analysis of different policy scenarios in a derived neoclassical adjustment cost framework. The theoretical model is an optimal dynamic investment model, in which the upper bound on investment is introduced. The limit of the investment enables to analyse the consequence of the occurrence of credit rationing on farmer’s capital accumulation, investment and supply. The method of optimal control is used to solve the optimization problem. The results show that the occurrence of credit rationing may significantly determine a farmer’s economic equilibrium. Then the analysis of defined policy scenarios suggests that a loan guarantee efficiently solves...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Investment; Capital; SGAFF (Supporting and Guarantee Agricultural and Forestry Fund); Adjustment cost and farmer’s economic equilibrium; Kreditrationierung; Investitionen; Kapital; EAGFL (Europäische Ausrichtungsund Garantiefond für die Landwirtschaft); Dynamische Anpassungskosten und langfristiges Gleichgewicht.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; C61; Q12; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91954

Analysing Family Farm Succession: A Probit and a Competing Risk Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glauben,   Thomas; Tietje,   Hendrik; Weiss,   Christoph R.
The present study examines family and farm characteristics affecting the choice and the timing of intergenerational farm transfers. Using survey data which are linked to accounting data for 272 farms in Northern Germany, we use a probit approach to examine whether specific farm and family characteristics are related to the likelihood of succession within a given period. We go beyond the existing literature by applying a competing risk approach to study the process and thus the timing, respectively of the two competing events – succession or exit from farming. We find that farm characteristics significantly influence succession considerations to the extent that they affect the value of the farm for the potential successor.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intrafamily succession; Survey data; Competing risk; Farm Management; Q12; J26.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24699

Does Agriculture Help Poverty and Inequality Reduction? Evidence from Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viet Cuong,   Nguyen.
This paper measures impacts of production of crops, forestry, livestock and aquaculture on household welfare, poverty and inequality in rural Vietnam using fixed-effects regressions. Data used in this paper are from Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys 2002 and 2004. It is found that impact estimates of the production of crops and forestry on per capita income and consumption expenditure are not statistically significant. Impact estimates of the livestock production are positive and statistically significant for per capita income, but not statistically significant for per capita expenditure. However, the aquacultural production has positive and statistically significant impacts on both income and expenditure. As a result, the aquacultural production...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Farm households; Welfare; Poverty; Inequality; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I32; Q12; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118576

Participation, compliance and synergies at the farm level between the single payments scheme and farm certification labels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Annen,   Dominic N.
Most European farmers receive direct payments under the Single Payment Scheme and in addition, are member of farm certification schemes. Incentives to participate in these schemes are manifold: farm requirements often at least partially overlap, farm structure allows rather easy compliance, but also low monitoring intensities, detection rates, or sanctions may contribute to “free ride” on participation. The paper develops a theoretical model that explains farmer’s joint compliance behaviour and determinants of participation and tests the model using individual farm survey data. Evidence from the survey indicates that farmers weigh the relevance of compliance, control, detection and sanctions differently for the Single Payment Scheme and farm certification...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Single payment scheme; Cross compliance; Farmers’ participation; Determinants; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122123

Typification of Dairy Farms According to Criteria of a Socioeconomic Nature: An Illustration in "El Paramo" of Leon (Spain)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robles,   Rita Robles; Vannini,   Luigi; Nistal,   Roberto Alvarez.
The impossibility of carrying out an individual analysis and of finding solutions for each agricultural business, makes advisable the use of classification techniques that allow the identification of groups with common characteristics. The aim of this study is clustering dairy farms in an agricultural region located in the north of Spain, known as "El Paramo". To this end, a survey has been carried out on a representative sample of dairy farms, and subsequently, a Cluster Analysis has been made, which has resulted in five groups of farms being clearly defined from a social and economic point of view.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farming systems research; Cluster Analysis; Dairy farms; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24531

Farm production costs estimation trough PMP Models: an application in three Italian Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arfini,   Filippo; Donati,   Michele; Marongiu,   Sonia; Cesaro,   Luca.
The objective of this paper is to present a Generalised Positive Mathematical Programming model suitable for the estimation of variable cost of production associated with different farm activities. This work present, discuss and demonstrates that the Generalised PMP model is a useful theoretical framework for the representation of farm choice, including for the description of costs related to the production function chosen by each entrepreneur. For this characteristics the model can be used for the farms belonging the FADN sample providing a powerful tools for researcher that would like to know variable costs of production for agricultural activities or estimate the impact of agricultural policy and market reform at regional and sectorial level. The main...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Variable cost of production; Positive mathematical programming; Farm accountancy data network; Production Economics; Q12; C61; Q18; C38.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124117

Modelling the Impact of Decoupling on Structural Change in Farming: Integrating Econometric Estimation and Optimisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   Thia C.; Rehman,   Tahir.
Implementation of the Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy on farming in Europe is expected, and intended, to initiate structural changes in European agriculture. This impact of the agricultural policy reform will be triggered at the farm level with both up- and down-stream effects for agriculture in Europe. Modelling such a phenomenon is challenging. An integrated modelling approach, involving farm level optimisation models and exogenously estimated econometric models of farmer behaviour, is developed for Ireland; this framework is a general one and is applicable elsewhere. Entry and exit from farming, postulated as the main consequences of the policy reform, are estimated exogenously to determine their role in the allocation of farm labour....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Farm Level Modelling; Linear Programming; Succession; Labour Allocation; Agricultural and Food Policy; C6; Q12; Q15; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25271

Contractual Arrangements of Traders in Chinese Wholesale Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Xiaohua; Abler,   David G.; Zeng,   Yinchu.
Using a survey data of 700 traders, this study scrutinizes contract choices and enforcement for agricultural traders in China. This study finds that market service and environment are very important for both contract choices and enforcement. Better market service and environment can increase the propensity of using contract and the probability of contract enforcement both for purchase and sales of products. Education and memberships of special associations are also important for contract choices and enforcement. Higher education and affiliation to special associations for traders can increase the propensity of contracts and reduce contract breaches. However, the formats of contracts, whether contracts are oral or written, are not important for contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Contract; Trader; Wholesale Market; China; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty; L14; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51399

Farmers' Subjective Valuation of Subsistence Crops: The Case of Traditional Maize in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arslan,   Aslihan; Taylor,   J. Edward.
Shadow prices guide farmers' resource allocations, but for subsistence farmers growing traditional crops, shadow prices may bear little relationship with market prices. We econometrically estimate shadow prices of maize using data from a nationally representative survey of rural households in Mexico. Shadow prices are significantly higher than the market price for traditional but not improved maize varieties. They are particularly high in the indigenous areas of southern and southeastern Mexico, indicating large de facto incentives to maintain traditional maize there.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Shadow prices; Non-market values; Supply response; Traditional crops; Onfarm conservation; Mexico; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O12; O13; Q12; Q39.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44488

Optimal Nitrogen Fertilization Rates in Winter Wheat Production as Affected by Risk, Disease, and Nitrogen Source
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; Walters,   Jeremy T.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Howard,   Donald D.
Interactions among the nitrogen (N) fertilization rate, N source, and disease severity can affect mean yield and yield in conservation tillage wheat production.  A Just-Pope model was used to evaluate the effects of N rate, N source, and disease on the spring N fertilization decision.  Ammonium nitrate (AN) was the utility-maximizing N source, regardless of risk preferences.  The net-return-maximizing AN rate was 92 lb N/acre, providing $0.52/acre higher net returns than the best alternative N source (urea).  If a farmer could anticipate a higher-than-average Take-All Root Rot infection, the difference in optimal net returns between AN and urea would increase to $35.11/acre.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Certainty equivalent; Blume-Blotch; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrogen source; Risk; Take-All; Winter wheat; D21; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43444

The effect of agricultural policy change on income risk in Swiss agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El Benni,   Nadja; Finger,   Robert; Mann,   Stefan.
The study examines the effect of agricultural policy reforms on income variability of Swiss farmers. The observed heterogeneity in income risks across farms and time is explained with farm and regional characteristics. FADN data are used to construct coefficients of variation of total household income and gross revenues at farm-level over the period 1992-2009. Applying linear mixed effect models the effects of off-farm income, direct payments, farm size, specialisation and liquidity on gross revenue and household income variability in three different production regions are measured. The switch from market-based support to direct payments decreased the variability of farm revenues and household income. Off-farm income has a positive and farm size a negative...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income risk; Agricultural policy; Direct payments; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122532

Production Inefficiency in Fed Cattle Marketing and the Value of Sorting Pens into Alternative Marketing Groups Using Ultrasound Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koontz,   Stephen R.; Hoag,   Dana L.; Brethour,   John R.; Walker,   Jodine L.
The cattle industry batch markets animals in pens. Because of this, animals within any one pen can be both underfed and overfed. Thus, there is a production inefficiency associated with batch marketing. We simulate the value of sorting animals through weight and ultrasound measurements from original pens into smaller alternative marketing groups. Sorting exploits the production inefficiency and enables cattle feeding enterprises to avoid meat quality discounts, capture premiums, more efficiently use feed resources, and increase returns. The value of sorting is between $15 and $25 per head, with declining marginal returns as the number of sort groups increases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding; Production efficiency; Simulation; Sorting; Value-based marketing; Ultrasound; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C15; D21; D23; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47266

Probabilistic Models of Yield, Price, and Revenue Risks for Fed Cattle Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belasco,   Eric J.; Taylor,   Mykel R.; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Schroeder,   Ted C.
Cattle feeding enterprises operate amid variability originating in prices and production. This research explicitly models yield risks related to cattle feeding by relating the mean and variance of yield performance factors to observable conditioning variables. The results demonstrate that pen characteristics, such as entry weight, gender, placement season, and location influence the mean and variability of yield factors, defined as dry matter feed conversion, average daily gain, mortality, and animal health costs. Ex ante profit distributions, conditional on cattle placement characteristics, are derived through simulation methods to evaluate the effects of price or yield shocks on the distributional characteristics of expected profits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conditional variance; Production risk; Cattle feeding; Yields; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; D24; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48761

Competing Risk Proportional Hazard Models of Farm Service Agency Direct Operating Loans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Bruce L.; Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Foianini,   Monica; Hamm,   Sandra J.; Danforth,   Diana M.
The USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct farm loan program is designed to provide credit to family-sized farms unable to obtain credit from conventional sources at reasonable rates and terms despite having sufficient cash flow to repay and an ability to fully securitize the loan.  FSA policy encourages borrowers to exit the program as soon as possible.  This study uses Cox proportional hazard models in a competing risks framework to identify predictive factor of: (1) loan success or default, and (2) length of time to loan termination. Survey data from 1925 direct loans originated in federal fiscal years 1994-95 are used for analysis. Only data available to FSA at time of origination were collected. Since these data are all the information FSA has at time...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Duration; Farm Service Agency; Direct loans; Competing risks; Agricultural Finance; Risk and Uncertainty; C29; G28; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48140

THE AGRICULTURAL POLICY SIMULATOR (AGRIPOLIS) – AN AGENT-BASED MODEL TO STUDY STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE (VERSION 1.0)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Happe,   Kathrin; Balmann,   Alfons; Kellermann,   Konrad.
A central criticism common to agricultural economic modelling approaches for policy analy-sis is that they do not adequately take account of a number of characteristic factors of the agri-cultural sector. This concerns aspects like the immobility of land, heterogeneity of farms, in-teractions between farms, space, dynamic adjustment processes as well as dynamics of struc-tural change. In brief, modelling the complexity of the system has not been at the centre of interest. In terms of modelling complex economic systems, an agent-based modelling ap-proach is a suitable approach to quantitatively model and understand such systems in a more natural way. In the same way, this applies to the modelling of agricultural structures. In par-ticular, agent-based...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agent-based systems; Multi-agent systems; Policy analysis; Structural change; Simulation; Agentenbasierte Systeme; Politikanalyse; Dynamische An-passungsprozesse und Strukturwandel. Kurz; Multi-Agentensysteme; Struktur-wandel; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14886

Financial Impacts of Regional Differences in Dairies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Outlaw,   Joe L.; Herbst,   Brian K.; Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.
The sensitivity of net cash farm income to changes in selected production variables, output prices, and input costs varies significantly across representative U.S. dairies.  Different regions of the country were impacted differently by changes to production and prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34937

The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Pencakova,   Jitka.
In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C21; P0; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25767

Production risk and farm technology adoption in the rain-fed semi-arid lands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogada,   Maurice Juma; Nyangena,   Wilfred; Yesuf,   Mahmud.
This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of production risk on smallholder farmers’ adoption of farm technology, using plot-level data collected from two semi-arid districts in Kenya, Machakos and Taita Taveta. Using Mundlak’s approach (1978), the study found that factors such as yield variability and the risk of crop failures indeed affect technology adoption decisions in low-income, rainfed agriculture. However, the direction and magnitude of effects depend on the farm technology under consideration. The results explain why poor farm households in rainfed and risky production environments are reluctant to adopt new farm technologies that could improve production: it is because the technologies involve enormous downside risks. This result...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm productivity; Production risk; Farm technology adoption; Kenya; Farm Management; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93865

Nitrate Pollution Control Policy and Its Impact on Farms' Performance: A Nonparametric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle; le Moing,   Monique.
The purpose of this paper is to develop models with an individual and a collective management of the European Nitrate directive. The objective is to compare productive efficiency of farms under the two regimes. First, we develop a model that explicitly integrate the individual constraint on organic manure spreading. The individual threshold is introduced as a productive right. Then, we develop a framework that allows for modelling exchange of productive rights among producers. The simulation of a management of the spreading constrainst on organic manure at the regional level give an estimate of the potential gains that can be realised by allowing a collective maagement of the European environmental regulation. Models are based on a nonparametric frontier...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Manure management; Pig farming; Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D21; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19458

An Application of Mixed Logit Estimation in the Analysis of Producers’ Stated Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kipperberg,   Gorm; Bond,   Craig A.; Hoag,   Dana L.
This paper analyzes Colorado Corn producers’ preferences over both private- and environmental public-good production system attributes. Current production practices are characterized by intensive water and chemical use, resulting in non-point source pollution to water bodies as well as soil erosion problems. Data from a stated preference survey are employed to analyze key attributes of experimentally configured irrigation systems, proposed as alternatives to current practices. Panel mixed logit estimations find positive preferences for profit, risk reduction, and, importantly, systems with less environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching and soil erosion. The results also find presence of significant preference heterogeneity and a complementary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Profit-maximization; Environment; Mixed logit; Stated preference; Attribute part-worth; Nitrate leaching; Soil erosion; Risk; Crop Production/Industries; C10; D62; Q12; Q15; Q51.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108719

Portfolios of Agricultural Market Advisory Services: How Much Diversification is Enough?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cabrini,   Silvina M.; Stark,   Brian G.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.; Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes.
This study analyzes the potential risk-reduction gains from naïve diversification among market advisory services for corn and soybeans.  The total possible decrease in risk through naïve diversification is small, mainly because advisory prices are highly correlated on average.  Moreover, because marginal risk-reduction benefits decrease rapidly with size and the cost of holding the portfolios increases linearly due to services’ subscription fees, it is optimal to limit portfolio size to a few advisory programs.  Based on certainty equivalent measures and two representative risk-aversion levels, preferred portfolio sizes are between one and three programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Corn; Diversification; Market advisory service; Portfolio; Soybeans; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; G11; Q10; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43717

Actuarial evaluation of the EU proposed farm income stabilisation tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pigeon,   Mathieu; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Denuit,   Michel.
Recently, the European Commission proposed to introduce several risk management tools in the rural development pillar 2 of the CAP. One of them consists in providing co-financing support to mutual funds compensating farmers who experience a severe drop in their farm income. This paper analyses this new farm income stabilization tool for the Walloon region in Belgium, considering separately three groups of farms (crop, dairy and cattle farms). Relying on FADN data from 1997 to 2007, this analysis focuses on estimating the probability that such regional mutual funds would need to intervene to compensate farm net incomes and, in that case, the expected amount of each farm income compensation and the total expected amount of compensation. The budgetary...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk management; Income stabilisation; Belgium; European Union; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122485

Milchproduktion im Übergang - eine Analyse von regionalen Potenzialen und Gestaltungsspielräumen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lassen,   Birthe J.; Isermeyer,   Folkhard; Friedrich,   Carina.
Zusammenfassung: In der vorliegenden Studie erfolgt eine regional differenzierte Analyse der Milchproduktion. Grundlage sind neben zahlreichen agrarstatistischen Quellen auch Expertenpanels in ausgewählten Regionen. Es werden Schlussfolgerungen über die künftige Standortorientierung der Milchproduktion innerhalb Deutschlands abgeleitet und mögliche Begleitmaßnahmen zum Quotenausstieg bewertet.  Die Abschaffung der kleinräumigen Quotenhandelsgebiete hat Produktionsverlagerungen über Ländergrenzen hinweg ermöglicht. Es ist zu erwarten, dass sich die Milchproduktion weiter auf wenige Produktionszentren verstärkt. Die Milchproduktion wird somit vermehrt auf Grünlandstandorte wandern; allerdings gibt es auch Grünlandstandorte, die Produktionsanteile verlieren....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Milchproduktion; Milchquote; Begleitmaßnahmen; Produktionskosten; Standortanalyse; Dairy  production; Milk  quota; Production  costs; Analysis  of  location  factors; Accompanying measures with regard to the possible milk quota exit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q11; Q12; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108253

Labor Market Participation of Chinese Agricultural Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glauben,   Thomas; Herzfeld,   Thomas; Wang,   Xiaobing.
This work is devoted to the analysis of the different labor market participation regimes of Chinese farm households. Using household data over the period 1986-2000 from the province Zhejiang, we apply a multinomial logit model to empirically examine household, farm, and regional characteristics affecting the probability that farmers employ one of four alternative labor market regimes. Results suggest that labor market decisions are significantly related to several personal, farm, and village attitudes. In addition, we find the more market oriented policy reforms at the end of the 1980s stipulated that households participate in labor markets while the more anti-market reforms during the 1990s led to the opposite and encouraged autarky.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Labor markets; Agricultural household; Participation; Multinomial logit; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; D13; J24; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24516

The Dynamics of Chinese Rural Households' Participation in Labor Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glauben,   Thomas; Herzfeld,   Thomas; Wang,   Xiaobing.
The work focuses on the frequency of each possible transition between labor market participation regimes of rural Chinese households. A continuous hazard approach is applied to empirically evaluate factors, as household, farm, and regional characteristics affecting the frequency of transition between labor market participation states. Results suggest that there are frequent changes of labor market participations regimes among the househo lds. Given the change in external conditions and other factor end owments this might indicate that households quickly response in allocating labor in order to equilibrate the resources. Further, we find that there are good chances climbing out of autarky; however the probability to fall in autarky was also remarkable over...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor market participation; Dynamic analysis; China; Hazard model; Rural households; Labor and Human Capital; C41; J60; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25751

Technical Efficiency and Adoption of Soil Conservation in El Salvador and Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solis,   Daniel; Bravo-Ureta,   Boris E.; Quiroga,   Ricardo E.
A household-level switching regression model is implemented to examine potential selectivity bias for rural households under high and low levels of investments in soil conservation in El Salvador and Honduras. In the presence of selectivity bias, separate stochastic production frontiers are estimated for low and high adopters. The main results indicate that households with higher levels of investments in soil conservation show higher average TE than those with a lower level of investments. Constrains in the rural land and credit markets are likely explanations for these differences. The results also indicate that for farms with lower levels of investments in soil conservation access to credit is a significant factor explaining the sources of inefficiency....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontiers; Technical Efficiency; Switching Regression; Central America; Soil Conservation; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; O13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25784

Valorisation of Meat Production Oriented on 'Superior' Quality: A Case Study of Belgian Farmers' Motivations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosmans,   Werner; Verbeke,   Wim; van Gysel,   Laure.
Quality beef and pork production becomes more and more important for both producers and consumers. We first establish an integrated approach of the different attributes that producers and consumers attach to 'superior' quality. This results in the clustering of producers in a traditional and conscious group which reveals relevant differences in attitudes but not in valorisation. On the contrary, the clustering of producers in function of their adherence to a label gives clear differences in labour income. Especially specific labels generate higher revenue because they seem to succeed to communicate credence attributes of 'superior' quality to consumers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Micro analyses of farm firms; Agricultural markets and marketing; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24768

A Whole Farm Analysis of the Influence of Auto-Steer Navigation on Net Returns, Risk, and Production Practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shockley,   Jordan M.; Dillon,   Carl R.; Stombaugh,   Timothy S.
A whole farm economic analysis was conducted to provide a detailed assessment into the economic, risk, and production implications due to the adoption of auto-steer navigation. It was determined that auto-steer navigation was profitable for a grain farmer in Kentucky with net returns increasing up to 0.90% ($3.35/acre). Additionally, the technology could be used in reducing production risk. Adoption of the technology also alters production practices for optimal use.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economics; Farm management; Mean-variance; Precision agriculture; Simulation; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C63; D81; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100640

Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Marek,   Thomas H.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680

Revealing an Equitable Income Allocation among Dairy Farm Partnerships
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dressler,   Jonathan B.; Tauer,   Loren W.
We formulate a method to determine an equitable division of dairy farm partnership income when partners provide unequal amounts of capital, labor, and management and empirically estimate this relationship.  New York dairy farm financial data are used within fixed effects and random coefficient panel regression models to reveal a systematic division of dairy farm partnership income among operators’ labor, capital, and management while controlling for heterogeneity arising from differing herd size.  Results indicate that controlling for time and heterogeneity across farms due to herd size are important factors when dividing net farm income among unpaid factors of production.  Empirical estimates of allocating dairy farm partnership income to equity,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Opportunity costs; Unpaid factors production; Net farm income; Operators’ labor; Capital; Management.; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102116

Parametric or Nonparametric Approaches to the Estimation of Marginal Cost in Dairy Production? A Comparison of Estimation Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Heckelei,   Thomas.
This paper compares various nonparametric models for the estimation of farm specific marginal costs function in the dairy sector. Specifically, locally weighted regression approaches using theory-consistent cost function frameworks as polynomials in the nonparametric approach are applied. A comparison of average marginal cost levels as well as marginal cost distributions across farms illustrates the different approaches.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy production; Marginal costs; Nonparametric regression; Livestock Production/Industries; C33; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9829

Efficiency of Scottish Farms: A Stochastic Cost Frontier Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Milne,   Catherine E.; Leat,   Philip M.K.; Cho,   Woong Je.
In this paper the relative cost efficiency of Scottish farms is determined, and variables that explain this efficiency by farm type are identified and implications discussed. A panel dataset from the Farm Accounts Scheme (FAS) survey for the period 1997-2004 was used for the estimation. A cost efficiency indicator was measured using a fixed effect panel data regression. Further analysis, to explain the efficiency results, indicated the presence of important farm size and regional effects. However, other variables, whilst statistically significant, did not produce a consistent effect across the different farm types.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Stochastic cost frontier analysis; Cost efficiency; Scottish farms; Common Agricultural Policy; Farm Management; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56633

Value of Temperature-Activated Polymer-Coated Seed in the Northern Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Archer,   David W.; Gesch,   Russell W.
The value of an innovative seed technology is estimated in a discrete stochastic programming framework for a representative farm in the northern Corn Belt.  Temperature-activated polymer-coated seed has the potential to increase net returns by increasing yields due to early planting and use of longer season varieties, as well as reducing yield due to early planting and use of longer season varieties, as well as reducing yield loss due to delayed planting.  A biophysical simulation model was used to estimate the impact of polymer-coated seed on corn and soybean yields and on field day availability for five planting periods, three crop varieties, and two tillage systems on two different soils under varying weather conditions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biophysical simulation; Corn; Mathematical programming; Soybean; Q12; C61.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43198

IMPACT OF THE CAP REFORM ON THE SPANISH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judez,   Lucinio; de Andres,   Rosario; Ibanez,   M.; De Miguel,   J.M.; Miguel,   J.L.; Urzainqui,   Elvira.
This paper analyses the impact of the 2003 CAP reform on Spanish agricultural sector in the context of the recent CAP Health Check and high food prices, using PROMAPA, a positive mathematical programming model for representative farms. The analysis compares the model results for base year 2002 to the findings for a scenario with the CAP reform measures in place, taking into account recent modifications. The effect of adopting a full decoupling scheme instead of the present partial decoupling is also studied. Brief descriptions are given of the PROMAPA model, the representative farm considered and the assumptions about both price variations and the policy measures simulated. The findings showed that the farming area for cereals grew substantially after...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; CAP Health Check; Decoupling; Spanish agricultural sector.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44830

Factors Affecting Perceived Improvements in Environmental Quality from Precision Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larkin,   Sherry L.; Perruso,   Larry; Marra,   Michele C.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Martin,   Steven W.
This study identified the factors that influenced whether farmers in the Southeastern United States perceived an improvement in environmental quality from adopting precision farming technologies (PFTs). Farmers with larger farms or higher yields were more likely to believe that they observed positive externalities associated with PFTs. Farmers who found PFTs profitable or who believed input reduction was important had higher probabilities whereas those with higher incomes or who were more dependent on farm income were less likely to perceive such benefits. Interestingly, the importance of environmental quality and length of time using PFTs were not found to affect the probability of perceiving an improvement in environmental quality.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Site-specific farming; Variable rate application; C25; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42787

Non-farm income diversification of rural farm households in Central and Southeastern Europe: an application of fuzzy set theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Mollers,   Judith.
A fuzzy logic model for quantifying farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,077 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. About three quarters of households have a diversification potential, but not all households use it. An analysis of diversification potential and diversification behaviour shows that there are seven household types in the sample. Not all development options, i.e. farm development, farm exit, or starting non-farm employment, are equally suitable for all households thus fine targeting of policy measures according to the household type could be important for policy makers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Non-farm rural employment diversification; Fuzzy logic; Transition countries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C65; D33; J24; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95321

Effects of Socio-Institutional and Emotional Factors of Japanese Farmland Rental Transactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kunimitsu,   Yoji.
Farmland reallocation between farmers through rental transactions is critical for improving Japanese rice productivity.  This study examined effects of socio-institutional and emotional factors as well as economic factors on rental transactions.  A stochastic choice model was applied to contingent valuation data by considering regional heteroscedasticity.  Empirical results showed (1) existence of economic inefficiencies, 3% loss of economic surplus due to socio-institutional restriction, which is probably reflected in transaction costs; (2) a 15% reduction in surplus due to emotional reluctance of farmers; and (3) strong influences of rice price, wages, and geographical location on the rental rate and agreement level.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation questionnaire; Economic inefficiency; Regional heteroscedasticity; Rental agreement level; Rental rate; Stochastic choice model; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; C25; D44; Q12; Q15; Q38; R58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43747

Best Management Practices to Enhance Water Quality: Who is Adopting Them?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghazalian,   Pascal L.; Larue,   Bruno; West,   Gale E.
This study investigates the determinants affecting producers’ adoption of some Best Management Practices (BMPs). Priors about the signs of certain variables are explicitly accounted for by testing for inequality restrictions through importance sampling. Education, gender, age, and on-farm residence are found to have significant effects on the adoption of some BMPs. Farms with larger animal production are more apt to implement manure management practices, crop rotation, and riparian buffer strips. Also, farms with larger cultivated acres are more inclined to implement herbicide control practices, crop rotation, and riparian buffer strips. Belonging to an agro-environment club has a positive impact for most BMPs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Bayesian analysis; Best management practices; Priors; Runoff; Water quality; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q25; C11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56655

The Potential Cost to New Zealand Dairy Farmers from the Introduction of Nitrate-Based Stocking Rate Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neal,   Mark; Fulkerson,   William; Levy,   Gil; Wastney,   Meryl; Thorrold,   Bruce S.; Palliser,   Chris; Beukes,   Pierre; Folkers,   Chris.
Introducing a stocking rate restriction is one possible course of action for regulators to improve water quality where it is affected by nitrate pollution. To determine the impact of a stocking rate restriction on a range of New Zealand dairy farms, a whole-farm model was optimised with and without a maximum stocking rate of 2.5 cows per hectare. Three farm systems, which differ by their level of feed-related capital, were examined for the changes to the optimal stocking rate and optimal level of animal milk production genetics when utility was maximised. The whole-farm model was optimised through the use of an evolutionary algorithm called differential evolution. The introduction of a stocking rate restriction would have a very large impact on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Dairy farms; Whole-farm model; Evolutionary algorithm; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q52; C61.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25620

Causes of Diversification in Agriculture Over Time: Evidence From Norwegian Farming Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Culas,   Richard J.; Mahendrarajah,   Mahen.
Farm planning generally focuses on optimal diversification with respect to risk and uncertainties, where the risk-management strategies combine production, marketing, financial and environmental responses of the production of farm firm. In this study an empirical examination of farm diversification has been carried out from a sample of farms in Eastern Norway in which four measures of diversification (indices) were defined to incorporate the risk and uncertainties in relation to farm production (total) income. Using these four alternative measures of diversification and panel-data techniques, it has been shown that larger farms are more diversified, and when there is productive location and access to labour the farmers have a greater incentive to spread...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm diversification; Risk and uncertainty; Environmental management; Panel data; Agribusiness; C23; Q12; Q20.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24647

Smallholders' Cost Efficiency in Mozambique: Implications for Improved Maize Seed Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zavale,   Helder; Mabaya,   Edward T.; Christy,   Ralph D.
Maize is an important staple in Mozambique. It is also a dominant crop produced by smallholder farmers. However, the actual maize yields, currently estimated at 1.4 tons/ha, fall short of potential yields of 5-6.5 tons/ha. With population growth rate increasingly exceeding agricultural (and maize) productivity growth rate, the government of Mozambique faces a serious problem of food insecurity and poverty alleviation. This study examines cost inefficiency among smallholder maize farmers in Mozambique, and the impact of improved maize seed adoption on cost efficiency. A Translog functional form is used to estimate the frontier cost function. A cost-inefficiency function is used to examine the factors that determine cost inefficiency among farmers....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Technology adoption; Selection bias; Mozambique; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; D13; O33.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25648

An Exploratory Assessment of the Economic Impact of Forage Options for Beef Production on Smallholder Farms in the Red Soils Region of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacLeod,   Neil D.; Wen,   Shilin; Hu,   Mingwen.
The rapidly growing beef cattle herd of the Peoples Republic of China is largely carried as small numbers of animals on smallholder farms. These enterprises have traditionally focussed on cereal and vegetable crops. Limited plantings of specialised forages combined with a poor knowledge of ruminant nutrition by sm allholder farmers represent a serious challenge to establishing genuinely sustainable beef enterprises for this sector. Government policy to promote beef cattle production on smallholder farms is now focussing on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices. The paper draws on some economic insights from an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project that is exploring options for integrating the planting and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef cattle; Forages; Red Soils Region; China; Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; 03; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25588

Credit Constraint and Non-separable Behavior of Rural Households — Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jianmei; Zhang,   Jun.
This article addresses the separability issue in the context of Chinese rural households. Deviating from previous research, our test on separability is embedded in the capital market imperfections and from the perspective of farm living consumption and their production inputs. Our theoretical framework incorporates the credit constraint and predicts both separability and non-separability behavior from rural households. Empirical estimation presents the evidence of non-separability behavior for credit constrained farm families, while independent decisions on farm living consumption and their production inputs exist among unconstrained households. Our overall results reject the separability for financially constraint farm households in China.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Non-separable behavior; Switching regression; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q14; O18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123950

Accounting for agronomic rotations in crop production: A theoretical investigation and an empirical modeling framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpentier,   Alain; Gohin,   Alexandre; Letort,   Elodie.
As far as crop acreage choices are concerned, a consensus seems to exist among agricultural scientists and extension agents: crop rotation effects and the related constraints are major determinants of farmers’ crop choices. Crop rotation effects are inherently dynamic. They are generally ignored in multicrop models with land as an allocable input found in the literature since most of these models are developed within a static framework. The aim of this paper is twofold (i) to propose a new approach and tools for investigating dynamic crop acreage choices accounting for crop rotation benefits and constraints and (ii) to illustrate the impacts of crop rotation effects and constraints on farmers’ acreage choices through simulation examples. The models...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop rotation; Dynamic programming; Acreage choice; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Q12; D21; D24; D92.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103431

Effects of Non-farm Employments on Poverty among Small Households in Developed Villages of Bangladesh: A Case of Comilla Sadar Upazila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malek,   Mohammad Abdul; Usami,   Koichi.
The study aims at estimating comprehensive effects of non-farm employments (NFEs) on poverty based on an intensive field survey conducted in 2008 on about 175 small landholding households in developed four villages of Comilla Sadar Upazila. We analyze participating factors of small household workers in NFEs and their effects on household production (farming and non-farm activities) and consumption (both food and non-food). For estimating consumption effects (poverty), we focus on food adequacy, income poverty and education poverty (as a part of human poverty). At each level of estimation, we depend on appropriate econometric regressions. Results find the significant positive role of overall NFEs on household NFAs rather faming. Remittance incomes do not...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-farm employments; Household economy; Production; Consumption; Income poverty; Education poverty; Bangladesh; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J43; O15; Q12; Q17; R15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52811

How Far Can Poultry Litter Go? A New Technology for Litter Transport
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carreira,   Rita I.; Young,   Kenneth B.; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; Wailes,   Eric J.
Exporting northwest Arkansas excess turkey and broiler litter to partially fertilize nutrient-deficient cropland in eastern Arkansas can be more cost effective than to supply all crop nutrients with chemical fertilizer only, given current high fertilizer prices.  Cost savings are greater if litter is baled in ultraviolet resistant plastic and transported via truck, since backhaul opportunities reduce truck rates, or alternatively, if raw litter is shipped via a truck-barge combination.  Rice is the crop that allows for greater savings according to a mathematical programming model implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Baling poultry litter; Barge transportation; Cost minimization; Manure management; Mathematical programming; Nutrient surplus; Poultry litter; Truck transportation; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; C61; C65; Q12; Q30; Q53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37050

Animal Efficiency in an Intensive Beef Production System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Fleming,   Pauline; Rodgers,   Heidi; Griffith,   Garry R.; Johnston,   David.
A stochastic input distance function is estimated to analyse the efficiency with which physical characteristics of individual lot-fed beef cattle in Australia are combined with conventional inputs to produce a final product possessing defined quality attributes. High mean technical efficiency estimates are reported for all animals and by breed. All partial output elasticities with respect to inputs are of expected sign. Of four outputs included in the analysis, carcass weight and moisture retention in meat after cooking have highly significant coefficients of expected sign, but two meat quality variables have coefficients of unexpected sign indicating that they decline as inputs increase. Some evidence is detected of scope economies between moisture...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Intensive agriculture; Scope economies; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; C51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24673

Optimal Grazing Termination Date for Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Karen W.; Epplin,   Francis M.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Fieser,   Brian G.; Horn,   Gerald W.
Dual-purpose winter wheat (fall-winter forage plus grain) production is an important economic enterprise in the southern Great Plains. Grazing termination to enable grain production is a critical decision. The objective is to determine the optimal grazing termination date for dual-purpose wheat. The value of knowing the occurrence of first hollow stem (FHS), a wheat growth threshold for grazing termination, is also determined. Results indicate that for most price situations grazing should be terminated at or before FHS. Marginal wheat returns from extended grazing were negative and the value of FHS information ranges from $1.50 to $10 per acre.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dual-purpose; First hollow stem; Plateau function; Stocker cattle; Value of information; Wheat; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57148

Estimating the Marginal Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Abatement using Irish Farm-Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.; Donellan,   Trevor.
Agriculture in Ireland accounts for a higher proportion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than in any other EU member state. Furthermore as part of the EU’s commitment to reduce emissions by 20 percent by 2020, Ireland is one of the few countries who will have to cuts its 2005 GHG emissions level by the full 20 percent. Given the magnitude of the cut in national emissions that is required and the size of agriculture’s contribution to Ireland’s total emissions, the agriculture sector has been identified by some parties as a sector that could make a significant contribution to achieving the national target. In order to evaluate the impact on Irish farmers of reducing GHG emissions it is necessary to first estimate the marginal cost of emissions abatement....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Farm-Level; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Marginal Abatement Cost Curve; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q52.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50938

Do Exports Raise Productivity?  Plant-level Evidence from the Colombian Agri-food Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandilov,   Ivan T.; Liu,   Xiangping.
Using detailed plant-level manufacturing Census data from the Colombian Agri-food industries, we show that exports raise plant-level productivity by about 15 to 20 percent.  However, the estimates reveal that efficiency in plants that become persistent exporters, i.e. plants that service foreign markets at least 30 percent of the time during our sample years 1981-1991, increases about 30 percent upon their entry into foreign markets, while productivity in plants that become only occasional exporters does not change at all.  Hence, the positive impact of exports on productivity for is driven by the large positive impact on persistent exporters.  To identify the effect of exports on plant-level productivity we employ the Levinsohn-Petrin (2003) measure of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Difference-in-differences; Propensity score matching; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q17; F12; Q12; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103632

The Value of Third-Party Certification of Preconditioning Claims at Iowa Feeder Cattle Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Lawrence,   John D.
After controlling a variety of feeder cattle characteristics and market and sale conditions in Iowa feeder auctions, the price premiums for preconditioning claims (vaccinations and minimum 30 days of weaning) with and without third-party certification (TPC) are estimated as $6.12/cwt and $3.35/cwt, respectively.  These premiums differ statistically (p&lt;0.0001), and their difference exceeds the average participation cost of TPC ($1/cwt).  This indicates that TPC is valued in the market to credibly signal preconditioning investment under asymmetric information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Feeder cattle auctions; Quality; Signalling; Third-party certification; Q11; Q12; Q13; C23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37052

Optimization of land and resource use at farm-aggregated level in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan with the integrated model FLEOM – model description and first application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sommer,   Rolf; Djanibekov,   Nodir; Salaev,   Omonbek.
Land use and crop production in the Khorezm region in western Uzbekistan, exemplarily for the irrigated low-lands of Central Asia, is adversely affected by the excessive, non-sustainable use of irrigation water on one hand, repeated droughts on the other hand, and by soil degradation by secondary salinization. One of the research objectives of the German-Uzbek Khorezm project, funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and led by ZEF, is to better understand options for land use and choice of technology at the farm level in order to evaluate and propose technological alternatives and policy options for sustainable land use in Khorezm. To address the latter, the integrated so-called Farm-Level Economic-Ecological Optimization Model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability of agro-ecosystems; Integrated biophysical-economic modeling; Cropping system; Land use planning; Policy assessment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; O13; O21; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92546

HEALTH CHECK AND FARM EFFICIENCY: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FOUR EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arfini,   Filippo; Donati,   Michele.
The European Commission has always considered the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as a dynamic political tool that aims to link the agricultural sector with the evolving of the economic, financial, social and political dynamics that distinguish the Member States of the European Union. From this standpoint, the Health Check (HC) is much more than a simple assessment of the state of health of European agriculture; it is a drawing up of the “new rules” that are to manage the relations between farms and the market, on which the future efficiency and survival of the said farms and the production sectors that characterise entire European agricultural regions will depend. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present and analyse the "innovations" of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Check; Single Farm Payments; Technical Efficiency Index; DEA model; Positive Mathematical Programming.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44785

Optimal Incentives under Moral Hazard and Heterogeneous Agents: Evidence from Production Contracts Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dubois,   Pierre; Vukina,   Tomislav.
The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical framework for estimation of the parameters of a structural model of an incentive contract under moral hazard, taking into account agents heterogeneity in preferences. We show that allowing the principal to strategically distribute the production inputs across heterogenous agents as part of the contract design, the principal is able to change what appears to be a uniform contract into individualized contracts tailored to fit agents' preferences or characteristics. Using micro level data on swine production contract settlements, we find that contracting farmers are heterogenous with respect to their risk aversion and that this heterogeneity affects the principal's allocation of production inputs across...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agency Contracts; Optimal Incentives; Moral Hazard; Risk Aversion; Heterogeneity; Production Economics; D82; L24; Q12; K32; L51.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25568

Factors affecting farm productivity in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovenia after the EU-accession and likely structural impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Campos,   Monica; Jaklic,   Tina; Juvancic,   Luka.
The paper is investigating the recent evolution of farm productivity in five EU New Member States (NMS): Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Poland and Slovenia. More precisely, the paper deals with determinants influencing farm productivity in a changing market and policy environment brought by their full integration to the CAP. With a combination of multivariate statistics and econometric techniques, it attempts to identify and explain the patterns of agricultural labour productivity change in the period 2003-2005. Results suggest that adjustment patterns are diverging and are region-specific, depending mainly on the initial farm structural conditions, and availability of non-farm jobs. Policy implications of the paper suggest that agricultural policy should...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Structural adjustment; Farm productivity; Farming types; EU-accession; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; R11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95315

MEASURING CROSS-SUBSIDISATION OF THE SINGLE PAYMENT SCHEME IN ENGLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renwick,   Alan W.; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
The specific purpose of this paper is to estimate the extent to which decoupled payments under the Single Payments Scheme (SPS) are being used (either explicitly or implicitly) in England to support the continuation of activities that were previously supported by area and headage payments. In the absence of a farm survey, the methodology consists of using information on farm accounts collected through England’s Farm Business Survey (FBS), to estimate a multi-output cost function differentiated by farm size and farm type. This cost function, calibrated to match regional prices in England, is used to estimate the level of cross-subsidisation in the first full year after implementation of the SPS (2005/06). Results indicate that cross-subsidisation was...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: English agriculture; Single farm payment; Micro-econometric models.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44783

Dairy Farm Management Business Summary New York State 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2005 from 225 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 340 cows per farm and 22,998 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121582

10 years of transition in Ukraine agriculture: An analysis of productivity and efficiency of enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Odening,   Martin; Babycheva,   Tamara.
This paper analyzes efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change of large agricultural enterprises during their transition to a market economy in Ukraine. In this case the efficiency is calculated by data envelopment analysis and the productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Change Index in the period between 1990 and 1999. On average, TFP declined by 6% annually, dropping a total 42%. The main reason for the observed TFP decline is a decrease in technical efficiency, which is found to be remarkably significant. At the same time there is a high variation among individual enterprises: their distribution of efficiency scores widens, which indicates that the farms diverge with respect to their economic performance. The Tobit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Эффективность; Общая продуктивность фактора; Анализ оболочки данных; Малмквист-индекс изменения общей продуктивности фактора; Переходный период; Украина; Effizienz; Totale Faktor Produktivität; Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist Productivity Change Index; Transition; Ukraine; Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92168

THEME OVERVIEW: INNOVATIONS TO SUPPORT BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thilmany,   Dawn D.; Sureshwaran,   Suresh.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beginning Farmers; Extension Models; Farmer Demographics; Farm Management; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109474

Yield Gap Analysis of Jowar in Maharashtra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gavali,   A.V.; Deokate,   T.B.; Choudhari,   R.B.; Kamble,   B.H.
Jowar is the main cereal crop in Maharashtra occupying 4.176 M ha area out of which rabi jowar occupied maximum area of 3.112 M ha during the year 2009-10. The gradual growth in use of technology in agriculture has resulted in increased crop productivity. The actual yields obtained are considerably lower than those recorded in the demonstration plots and research stations/farms. Therefore, there is a need to know the different yield gaps between the farmers’ fields and the demonstration plots. The study has suggested that to bridge this gap the use of recommended levels of input is most essential. The farmers should be motivated through visits to progressive farmers and organizations of field demonstrations, seminars and other communication means to use...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Yield gap; Maharashtra; Jowar; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119412

Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; McBride,   William D.; Mosheim,   Roberto.
The U.S. hog industry has experienced dramatic structural changes and rapid increases in farm productivity. A stochastic frontier analysis is used to measure hog enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose this growth into technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. Productivity gains over the 12-year period are found to be explained almost entirely by technical progress and by improvements in scale efficiency. Differences in TFP growth rates in the Southeast and Heartland regions were found to be explained primarily by differences in farm size growth rates.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hog production; Scale efficiency; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Total factor productivity growth; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45512

Rice versus Shrimp Production in Thailand: Is There Really a Conflict?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong; McCann,   Laura M.J.
Shrimp farming in Thailand has had disastrous effects on the environment in the past, which has prompted a government ban on shrimp production in inland areas.  However, a new low-salinity shrimp farming system has developed that seems to have fewer disease and environmental problems than previous systems but competes with rice production for land and water resources.  The present study found that shrimp farming exhibits increasing returns to scale and is much more profitable than rice farming, which offers opportunities for rice farmers to improve their incomes through diversification.  No evidence was found for external environmental effects of shrimp production on rice production or vice versa.  A total ban on shrimp production in rice farming areas...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environment; Rice; Shrimp; Technical change; Thailand; Q12; Q16; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43217

Competitive Analysis and Market Power of China’s Soybean Import Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Marchant,   Mary A.; Reed,   Michael R.; Xu,   Shuang.
This research conducts a competitive structure analysis of the Chinese soybean import market which leads to the hypothesis that China’s soybean importers may have stronger market power in China’s soybean import market. Then, this research develops and simultaneously estimates a two-country partial equilibrium trade model to test U.S.-China market power of soybean trade. The empirical result supports our hypothesis that Chinese soybean importers have stronger market power relative to U.S. soybean exporters. This Chinese market power can be countered by U.S. and South American companies through developing new and expanding existing markets for soybeans throughout the world and investing in Chinese soybean storage and crushing capacity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chinese soybean import market; Competitive structure analysis; Market power; Two-country partial equilibrium trade model; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53744

Justified hopes or utopian thinking? The suitability of coffee certification schemes as a business model for small-scale producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beuchelt,   Tina; Zeller,   Manfred; Oberthur,   Thomas.
The marketing of coffee through group-based, certified market channels is often promoted by governments and donors as a viable business model for poor small-scale farmers. Organic and fairtrade coffees have become very popular among socially, environmentally and health conscious consumers in recent years. While coffee certification programs have been in place for over fifteen years, there are few studies on the welfare impacts of certification schemes. Therefore, this research seeks to analyse the impacts of certification on poverty alleviation and to identify the critical factors which explain success or failure of certification schemes. We use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, comparing small-scale coffee producers in northern...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Certification; Coffee; Cooperatives; Impact; Nicaragua; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Marketing; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51717

Risk premiums and GM traits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolan,   Elizabeth; Santos,   Paulo.
An argument in favor of the development of genetically modified (GM) hybrids is that their presence is considered to be risk decreasing. On this basis, insurance premiums for corn growers in the United States who plant approved hybrids have been reduced. In this study we investigate, using a large dataset of experimental data compiled from reports of results from experimental field trials of corn hybrids by the State Agricultural Extension Services of ten universities over 20 years, whether the presence in a corn hybrid of a GM trait, or a combination of these traits, is likely to increase or decrease risk. The effects of input use on production uncertainty can be quantified through the specification and estimation of heteroskedastic production functions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production functions; Yield; Risk; Skewness; Corn; Genetically modified traits; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; C2; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103692

Impacts of Land Rental Markets on Rural Poverty in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Songqing; Jayne,   Thomas S.
This study uses panel data from 1,142 Kenya smallholder households over four survey periods to examine the determinants of participation in land rental markets and to quantify the impact of renting land on households’ crop income and total income. We find that land rental markets in Kenya enhance productivity and are equitable. The results are consistent across different estimation methods and model specifications. Dynamic panel models were used to assess the impact of rental participation on households’ crop income and total income.  After controlling for the endogeneity of rental market participation and the persistent effects of lagged income, we find that the decision to rent land increased tenant households’ net crop (net total) income by 25.1 (6.6)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land rental market; Kenya; Income; Poverty; Dynamic model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; O12; Q13; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103907

Equal or Just?  Intergenerational Allocations within Family Farm Businesses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lange,   Kelly Y.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Hudson,   Darren; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Gustafson,   Bill.
A multi-disciplinary literature review was conducted in order to integrate multiple perspectives pertaining to family farm business transfer. Factors affecting perceptions of equality in family farm transfers were identified. Preliminary survey results analyze perceptions of equality within farm families and how these perceptions affect family farm transfer planning and implementation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Family farm succession; Intergenerational transfer; Farm Management; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98814

Verifying Credence Attributes in Livestock Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olynk,   Nicole J.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.; Wolf,   Christopher A.
Livestock producers can respond to increasing consumer demand for certain production process attributes by providing verifiable information on the practices used. Consumer willingness to pay data were used to inform producer decision-making regarding selection of verification entities for four key production process attributes in the production of pork chops and milk. The potential for informing farm-level decision-making with information about consumer demand for product and production process attributes exists beyond the two products assessed as example cases in this analysis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Key Words: animal welfare; Certification; Credence attribute; Producer decision support; Response to consumer demand; Verification; Willingness to pay; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q11; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92578

Estimating the Economic Value of Specific Characteristics Associated with Angus Bulls Sold at Auction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Rodney D.; Turner,   Tyler; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.; Marsh,   Thomas L.
The genetic traits of a purebred bull convey the reproductive and economic value to buyers. This study examines and compares the value of actual production weights (birth, weaning, and yearling weight), production expected progeny differences (EPDs) (birth, weaning, milk, and yearling), and ultrasound EPDs (carcass quality predictors) for purebred Angus bulls sold at auction. One EPD, birth weight, was valued by buyers more than its corresponding actual weight, though both actual weights and EPDs significantly impact price. Predictors of carcass quality were important in determining price. Finally, several individual animal factors and sale characteristics were significant in determining price.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Angus bulls; Carcass characteristics; EPDs; Marketing factors; Production factors; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45528

On food quality in domestic markets of developing economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Minten,   Bart; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Food quality has become an important determinant of success in global food trade and growers for international markets have to continuously adjust to buyers’ requirements. It is however not clear to what extent there is a demand for food quality - and how much buyers are willing to pay for it - in the domestic food markets of developing economies. Based on unique price and trader data from domestic food markets in a poor country in Africa (Madagascar) and an emerging economy in Asia (India), we compare quality and quality’s pricing. We find significantly better quality and higher quality premia (using revealed as well as stated preference methods) in the richer country, probably leading to an impetus for the development of modern market channels in this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food quality; Quality premia; Development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q13; L15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51700

Need, Greed or Customary Rights - Which Factors Explain the Encroachment of Protected Areas? Empirical Evidence from a Protected Area in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Maertens,   Miet; Zeller,   Manfred.
The encroachment of protected areas for agricultural and livestock production is an important challenge for nature conservation in developing countries. The driving forces of encroachment are debated - major arguments focus on (1) the need of local people to cultivate land inside protected areas due to poverty, (2) commercial interests of cultivating inside protected areas, which indicates free-riding ("greed"), and (3) resistance against protected areas caused by disregard of customary rights. Understanding the role of these factors is important for designing appropriate conservation and development strategies. The paper contributes to this understanding by analyzing the encroachment of a National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The analysis is guided by a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Nature conservation; Household decision-making; Regulation; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25706

Pricing Benefit Externalities of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Multifunctional Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartell,   Jason G.
“Multifunctionality” emphasizes the benefit externality properties of nonfood products that coincide with agricultural commodity production, some of which also have public-good properties.  However, determining the willingness to pay for local benefit externalities is seen as necessary but daunting.  This paper pursues the idea that the valuation process might first start by estimating the incentives required to supply various levels of a benefit externality.  With the use of carbon sequestration through the adoption of no-till cultivation as an example of a multifunctional benefit externality, mathematical programming is used to derive representative price schedules.  The implication for incentive prices are examined in light of risk aversion.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Externalities; Multifunctionality; Quadratic programming; C61; D62; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43416

An Evaluation of U.S. Hog Producer Preferences Toward Autonomy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Davis,   Christopher G.; Rahelizatovo,   Noro C.
Hog farmers’ preferences for autonomy are assessed through the use of eight questions dealing with their preferences for general decision making and with respect to specific management actions.  Farmers generally preferred to make a higher percentage of the decisions about their operations, especially older producers and those who operated farrowing units.  Farmers who placed lower values on autonomy finished hogs, were nearing retirement, valued social relationships with other farmers more highly, had higher off-farm income, or were larger farmers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Autonomy; Contracting; Pork production; Utility; Q12; L14; D21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43449

Market Interactions, Farmer Choices, and the Sustainability of Growing Advanced Biofuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jiang,   Yong; Swinton,   Scott M.
Advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol are of great interest for their potential to supply a significant portion of U.S. fuel needs plus advantages over corn grain-based ethanol.  The sustainability of agriculture-based advanced biofuels depends on how farmers would respond in providing biomass feedstock, yet economic behavior by farmers has been under recognized by the science community.  Focusing on markets and policy incentives, this research shows that farmers are unlikely to convert current grain cropland to grow a dedicated cellulosic biomass crop such as switchgrass.  However, the financial incentives to harvest cellulosic biomass provided by the 2008 farm bill may stimulate corn production due to demand for corn grain for feed and ethanol and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Energy; Advanced biofuels; Corn; Land use; Switchgrass; Cellulosic ethanol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43634

Industrialization and Contracting in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare; Korb,   Penelope J.; Banker,   David E.
This paper examines the industrialization process of U.S. agriculture by examining the trends in the number of farms, the concentration of production during the last decade, and the dynamics of farm survivability, entry, and exit underlying aggregate statistics.  We next examine vertical coordination as part of the industrialization process and highlight contracting in the poultry industry.  The analysis provides evidence that production is continuing to be concentrated on a smaller number of farms at a relatively rapid rate, in spite of the stability in the number of farms.  Although contracting clearly dominates the broiler industry, it is less prevalent in egg and turkey production, where other forms of vertical coordination are likely established.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broilers; Contracting; Eggs; Industrialization; Poultry; Structural change; Turkeys; Vertical integration; D23; D40; L11; L14 L22; L23; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43511

Local diversification of income sources versus migration: Complements or Substitutes? Evidence from rural families of the Senegalese Groundnut Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakho-Jimbira,   Maam Suwadu; Bignebat,   Celine.
Much has been written to show the importance of diversification for rural African households because of the considerable share of non-farm revenues in total income (Reardon, 1997; Reardon et al., 1998). The literature points out push and pull factors explaining that risk and adverse shocks which characterize farm activities urge rural population to diversify into more profitable non-farm activities. But less attention has been paid to the distinction between two diversification patterns, namely local diversification and migration, and their relationship. Drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature, we identify the advantages and drawbacks of local diversification versus migration decision in terms of expected pay-offs for the family and the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Diversification; Mutual insurance; Groundnut basin; Senegal; Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O55; D70; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7918

Farmers’ Choice and Informal Credit Markets in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yuan,   Yan; Hu,   Youxin; Gao,   Ping.
Informal credit markets are very active in many developing countries including China. Informal financial associations have become a major channel of borrowing. Using data from the 2006 Rural Household Survey, this paper investigates farmers’ borrowings from both formal and informal sources with higher/lower interest, by looking into both demand and supply of loan. Consistent with the theory and previous studies, age follows an inverted U-shaped pattern in its relationship with the probability of borrowing from informal loan with higher interest. Our study shows that the impact of age disappears for the formal loan participation. In addition, high income and saving imply lower credit constraints. Moreover, household and county characteristics and financial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Informal credit; Financial constraints; China; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Q12; C5; G21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103887

Behavior of subsistence producers in response to technological change- The elasticity of cassava production and home consumption in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takeshima,   Hiroyuki.
The welfare effects of GM (genetic modification)-led productivity growth for cassava producers are partly affected by the characteristics of individual cassava producing households. Those household characteristics include the elasticity of production and home consumption of cassava. Some studies assume the inelastic home consumption when conducting ex-ante welfare effects analysis for subsistence crops. This study modifies the estimation methods used in the past literature to estimate both elasticities using the dataset from Benin. Several assumptions are also tested regarding the heterogeneity of cassava producers. On estimation of elasticities, the paper tests the hypothesis that on-farm sellers are characteristically different from off-farm sellers by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cassava; Subsistence; Double-hurdle; Non-nested test; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6108

Bringing the Poor into a Growth Agenda: What Role for Africa’s Rural Nonfarm Economy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven.
Distributed as: Appendix 1. Background Paper for Agriculture and Lands. African Ministers Meeting, April 2009. Prepared under the Food Security III Cooperative Agreement (GDG-A- 00-02-00021-00) between the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Growth; Poor; Food security; Food Security and Poverty; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57446

The Impact of Food Price Shock on Heterogenous Credit Constrained Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Kancs,   d'Artis.
The paper analyses how the rising agricultural prices affect heterogenous farm access to inputs and production under credit market imperfections in the CEE transition countries. Using farm level panel data which contains 37416 observations, we estimate a farm credit constraint equation and find that small individual farms (IF) are on average more credit constrained than large corporate farms (CF). Using the estimated parameters we simulate the effect of the recent food price shock. Our results suggest that in the presence of credit market imperfections, the relatively less credit constrained CF benefit more from higher output prices than IF, as they are able to expand their production more flexibly. These findings have implications for the developing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Food price shock; Heterogeneous firms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics; Q11; Q12; P23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51428

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor content; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor abundance; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44458

Investment Spikes in Dutch Horticulture: An Analysis at Firm and Aggregate Firm Level Over the Period 1975-1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goncharova,   Natalia V.; Oskam,   Arie J.
An intermittent and lumpy pattern of investments is observed in the Dutch horticulture sector: only 16.5% of firms experience of investment spike, but they account for 67.7% of total investment. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of time-varying and time-invariant variables on the probability of observing an investment spieke. This paper investigates the spells between investment spikes in a discrete-time proportional hazard framework. Duration models were estimated on two data sets: on an unbalanced panel and on a grouped into 10 groups data of Dutch glasshouse firms over the period 1975-1999. Different specifications of the model were estimated. Theoretically based model can sufficiently explain the occurrence of investment spikes. Both...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Investments; Discrete-hazard duration model; Dutch greenhouse horticulture; Gamma heterogeneity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; D9.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25621

Impediments to Employment and Enterprise Diversification: Evidence from Small-Scale Farms in Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaplin,   Hannah; Davidova,   Sophia; Gorton,   Matthew.
In an environment of low returns to agricultural activities and slow structural change, both employment and enterprise diversification have been presented as possible strategies for raising the incomes of farm households. This paper focuses on the barriers to taking up off-farm employment and establishing new non-agricultural enterprises. Factor and cluster analysis are applied to a data-set of individual farms in Poland in order to identify groups of households facing similar constraints and profile policy measures that are most likely to assist diversification. The majority of non-diversifiers are unlikely to become pluriactive in the near future due to a combination of age, a desire to concentrate on farming and remoteness. Farm households that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poland; Diversification; Off-farm employment; Non-agricultural enterprises; Cluster analysis; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; R0; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24760

EU policy reform simulation based on panel data estimation of on- and off-farm labour supply equations for Dutch dairy farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ooms,   Daan L.; Hall,   Alastair R.
This research focuses on the estimation of labour supply equations for Dutch dairy farmers that are suitable for policy simulations. Data availability leads to the fact that we can not estimate structural labour supply equations. We show how to derive reduced form equations suitable for policy simulations. In this research we use the panel data sample selection estimation approach of Kyriazidou (1997) and Wooldridge (1995) to estimate the off-farm labour supply equation. The two lead to different estimation results and different simulation results based on these.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Econometrics; Panel Data; Sample Selection; Labour Supply; CAP Reform; Labor and Human Capital; C23; C24; C51; C53; D13; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19434

Using alterative whole-farm modelling approaches to assess farm enterprise selection, risk and welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarek,   Adam M.; MacAulay,   T. Gordon.
Using an expected mean-variance model the changes in farm enterprise levels and indirect utility were examined under conditions of risk aversion, budget constraints and gross margin variance. An extension of the comparative statics of the expected mean-variance model was adopted by introducing a budget constraint into the constrained optimisation problem. A 10-year expected mean-variance whole-farm model was solved for a farm in the wheat-sheep zone of Australia to provide an empirical example. Results were obtained using no planning horizon (the static model) and then with a five-year rolling planning horizon (the dynamic model). In addition, enterprise levels were constrained to match levels observed on the farm so as to compare incomes between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Whole-farm modelling; Enterprise selection; Risk.; Farm Management; Q12; C61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100574

A Return of the Threshing Ring? A Case Study of Machinery and Labor-Sharing in Midwestern Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Artz,   Georgeanne M.; Colson,   Gregory; Ginder,   Roger G.
Machinery-sharing provides an alternative for smaller producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This research uses a multiple case study design to examine the motivations for sharing equipment and labor among farms and to better understand how group members handle the transaction costs of sharing. Our case evidence finds that in addition to cost savings, access to reliable labor is an important motivation for participating in a sharing arrangement. Trust and frequent communication among group members helps to minimize the transaction costs incurred from sharing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Machinery sharing; Transaction costs; Farm-level cooperation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100515

Counterproductive Counternarcotic Strategies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersson,   Camilla I.M.
We model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production in Afghanistan. Specifically, we examine the impact of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops are produced in sharecropping arrangements. The analysis suggests that when perfect credit markets are available, an increased risk of eradication will lead to less land being allocated to opium poppy. However, when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, the effects of eradication are no longer clear-cut. Finally, under sharecropping arrangements, increased risk of eradication will make the tenants worse off, while landlords may benefit.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Eradication; Informal credit markets; Opium; Sharecropping; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118959

Productivity in Malagasy Rice Systems: Wealth-Differentiated Constraints and Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minten,   Bart; Randrianarisoa,   Jean Claude; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This study explores the constraints on agricultural productivity and priorities in boosting productivity in rice, the main staple in Madagascar, using a range of different data sets and analytical methods, integrating qualitative assessments by farmers and quantitative evidence from panel data production function analysis and willingness-to-pay estimates for chemical fertilizer. Nationwide, farmers seek primarily labor productivity enhancing interventions, e.g., improved access to agricultural equipment, cattle and irrigation. Shock mitigation measures, land productivity increasing technologies and improved land tenure are reported to be much less important. Poorer farmers have significantly lower rice yields than richer farmers, as well as significantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; O1; O3; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25611

Profitability and Resource Allocation Among Cotton and Peanuts When Considering Planting and Harvest Timeliness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meeks,   Timothy A.; Flanders,   Archie; Shurley,   W. Donald; White,   Fred C.; Gunter,   Lewell F.
Harvest timeliness is a continual problem in rotation of cotton and peanuts.  Efficient allocation of land and labor resources during production of cotton and peanuts requires decisions be made on allocating resources throughout the growing season. Of particular concern is efficient allocation during planting and harvesting.  Through economic analysis and linear programming optimization, planting and harvesting timeliness issues are addressed and compared with prevailing practices.  Results for a representative farm indicate that cotton planting should increase during the early period of the planting season as compared with current practice, and most cotton should be harvested before peanut harvest begins.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Harvest timeliness; Linear programming; Optimization; Peanuts; Planting timeliness; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43736

Rapport Conjoint OMA/PROMISAM Sur les Marchés Céréaliers et les Perspectives de leur évolution au cours de la soudure : Campagne 2006-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal market; Mali; Food security; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57060

Analyzing Crop Revenue Safety Net Program Alternatives and Impacts on Producers and Program Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jansen,   Jim A.; Lubben,   Bradley D.; Stockton,   Matthew C.
This study evaluates the policy effects of alternative program designs for federal revenue-based farm income safety net programs.  Eight representative farms across Nebraska are used to stochastically simulate the financial impact of changing the current farm crop revenue-based safety net with a state revenue trigger against potential alternative programs involving guarantees at the district, county, or farm level.  Results indicate that decreasing the aggregation of the revenue guarantee increases expected farm-level payments and program costs for the revenue-based safety net.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm bill; Farm programs; Government payments; Representative farms; Risk management; Simulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119784

The role of semi-subsistence farms and corporate farms in the modern supply chain: evidence of Ukrainian dairy industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mykhaylenko,   Maryna; Schaft,   Franziska.
This contribution aims to analyze the main factors determining the initiation of vertical coordination between processing enterprises and milk producers in Ukraine. In this regard special attention is paid to the role of uncertainty, asset specificity and resource availability. Furthermore, the impact of vertical coordination on quality improvement, trust development and strategic advantages achieved is analyzed. The survey results indicate that uncertainty is a major driver for the processing level to initiate vertical coordination schemes. Although vertical coordination appears to have positive impacts on both supplier groups, corporate farms tend to benefit more from vertical coordination schemes than semi-subsistence farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Vertical coordination; Transaction costs; Ukraine; Community/Rural/Urban Development; L14; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94901

Evidence of CAP Support in Italy between First and Second Pillar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cagliero,   Roberto; Henke,   Roberto.
The main objective of the paper is to trace the composition of the CAP support for Italian farms at the eve of the implementation of the CAP reform. The paper is based on three regional case studies, that represent as many farming specialisation typologies: Veneto, in the North-East, where agriculture is largely integrated in the economic system; Valle d'Aosta, in the North-West, a typical Alpine region; Puglia, in the South, where agriculture is based on Mediterranean products. The three regional cases are compared with the national average as a benchmark with regards to production specialisation, territorial disadvantages, entrepreneurial choices. It is evident that at the national level the composition of support is highly in favour of the support...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Farm incomes; Market policies; Rural development policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q18; R58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24643

Demand for seasonal wage labour in agriculture: what does family farming hide?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darpeix,   Aurelie; Bignebat,   Celine; Perrier-Cornet,   Philippe.
Seasonal wage labour was rarely distinguished from the permanent one in farm-household models although it has sharply increased in developed countries. Therefore, we propose to endogenize the demand for this peculiar labour type and highlight the trade-offs for the various labour combinations on farms. We use data on fruit and vegetables farms drawn from the 2000 French agricultural census. We show that seasonal wage labour is a substitute for permanent wage employment, and doesn't entirely follow the seasonality of the agricultural activity: competition on the labour and product markets play a significant role in the employment of labour types.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Wage labour; Seasonality; France; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; J43; D13; J23; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50956

Economic Impact of the Mid-Term Review on Agricultural Production, Farm Income and Farm Survival: A Quantitative Analysis for Local Sub-Regions of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henningsen,   Arne; Henning,   Christian H.C.A.; Struve,   Carsten; Mueller-Scheessel,   Joerg.
This study analyzes the impact of the Mid-Term Review (MTR) on the agricultural sector in Schleswig-Holstein, a federal state in Germany. First, a very detailed farm group linear programming model is built to quantify the effects on agricultural production and farm incomes. The production adjustment to the MTR and its impact on farm profit vary significantly between individual farms. These results depend mainly on the farm type and the resource endowments of the farms. Second, the impact on structural change is examined with a farm survival model. Although the MTR clearly reduces the incomes of several farm types, it accelerates the structural change only gradually.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Policy reform; Modeling production adjustment; Farm income; Structural change; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24644

Farm subsidies and agricultural employment: The education channel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berlinschi,   Ruxanda; Van Herck,   Kristine; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Agricultural employment in industrialized countries has been steadily decreasing despite important levels of farm subsidies. We argue that one explanation to this puzzle is the positive impact of subsidies on the education levels of farmers’ children. If farmers are credit constrained, they may underinvest in their children’s education. By increasing farmers’ revenues, subsidies increase investment in education. If more educated children are less willing to become farmers, one long term effect of subsidies is to reduce labor supply in the agricultural sector. We provide a theoretical model and some empirical evidence supporting this argument.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Employment; Farm Subsidies; Education; Credit Constraints; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; I20; J62.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99424

Diversification of the marketing chains among organic producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corsi,   Alessandro; Borsotto,   Patrizia; Borri,   Ilaria; Strom,   Steinar.
Diversification of consumers’ demand and environmental concerns are at the origin of a trend towards short marketing chains and towards direct links between consumers and farmers in developed countries. This paper explores farmers’ motivations for choosing these types of marketing chains and/or the “traditional” ones. To this purpose, a theoretical model of marketing chain choice is developed, and a multivariate probit model of organic farmers’ choice of the marketing chain is estimated from a unique data set of organic farms in an Italian region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing chain; Short chain; Organic farms; Multivariate probit; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Q12; D21; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51422

Risk - An Opportunity or Threat for Entrepreneurial Farmers in the Global Food Market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shadbolt,   Nicola M.; Olubode-Awosola,   Femi; Gray,   David I.; Dooley,   Elizabeth.
www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Farm management; Opportunities; Threats; Agribusiness; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96335

Off-farm Income and Investments in Farm Assets: A Double Hurdle Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   James Michael; Blank,   Steven C.; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
The farm household structure is a complex set of inter-relationships between and among a variety of internal and external factors involving consumption, investment, and income-earning activities. In this paper we use ARMS data to explore the contribution of off-farm income to the viability of the farm business.  We focus on the link between off-farm income and farm investment and whether off-farm income drives on-farm investment.  The results indicate the importance of farm characteristics such as type, size, and location on the probability of investment but lead us to reject the hypothesis that off farm income is driving farm investment.  Further research will be needed to further unweave some of the complex relationships involved in the farm household...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Off-farm income; Farm investment; Double hurdle; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; D1; J2; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61531

Does Common Agricultural Policy Reduce Farm Labour Migration? A Panel Data Analysis Across EU Regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina; Cavicchioli,   Daniele; Vigani,   Mauro.
This paper deals with the determinants of labour out-migration from agriculture across 153 EU regions over the 1990-2008 period. The central aim is to shed light on the role played by CAP payments on this important adjustment process. Using static and dynamic panel data methods, we show that standard neo-classic drivers, like the relative income and the relative labour share, represented significant determinants of the inter-sectoral migration of the agricultural labour. Overall, CAP payments have contributed significantly to job creation in agriculture, although the magnitude of the economic effect is quite small. Moreover, Pillar I subsidies have exerted an effect from three to five times stronger than Pillar II payments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Out-farm Migration; CAP Payments; Labour Markets; Panel Data Analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q18; O13; J21; J43; J60.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114597

Comparing Accuracy and Costs of Revealed and Stated Preferences: The Case of Consumer Acceptance of Yellow Maize in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kimenju,   Simon Chege; De Groote,   Hugo; Morawetz,   Ulrich B.
For quite a while, stated preferences have been a major tool to measure consumer preferences for new products and services. Revealed preference methods, in particular experimental economics, have gained popularity recently because they have been shown to be more incentive compatible, and therefore more accurate. However, this advantage comes at the expense of higher survey costs. In the developing countries with limited funding for research, it is important to determine whether the extra cost can be justified by the extra gain in accuracy. A survey of 100 farmers was carried out in Western Kenya to determine consumer preference for yellow maize using the contingent valuation, choice experiments and experimental auction methods. Experimental auctions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Maize; Consumer; Experimental auctions; Stated preference; WTP; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D6; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25642

Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impact of the Tobacco CMO Reform on Italian Tobacco Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arfini,   Filippo; Donati,   Michele; Menozzi,   Davide.
The Tobacco CMO (Common Market Organization) is involved in a intense debate between the European tobacco industry and those who are against to a crop whose transformed product is dangerous to the health. European institutions have shown a strong interest in this complex issue introducing two Reforms (1992 and 1998) and one revision in 2004. This paper aims to analyse and investigate the socio-economic impact of the tobacco CMO Reform of 2004 in Italy, across the scenarios proposed by the EC Commission (2004), both on the tobacco production and processing sector. The considered socio-economic indicators are harvested surfaces, farm income and overall employment, while the sample of farms used in this research belong to the FADN–Italy sample.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tobacco CMO; CAP reform; Decoupling; Positive Mathematical Programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q12; Q18; J21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24481

Adoption of Best Management Practices to Control Weed Resistance By Cotton, Corn, and Soybean Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frisvold,   George B.; Hurley,   Terrance M.; Mitchell,   Paul D.
This study examined adoption of ten best management practices (BMPs) to control weed resistance to herbicides. Using data from a survey of 1,205 U.S. cotton, corn, and soybean growers, count data models were estimated to explain the total number of practices frequently adopted. Ordered probit regressions were used to explain the frequency of individual BMP adoption. Growers practicing a greater number of BMPs frequently (a) had more education, but less farming experience; (b) grew cotton, (c) expected higher yields relative to the county average; and (d) farmed in counties with a lower coefficient of variation (CV) for yield of their primary crop. Yield expectations and variability were significant predictors of the frequency of adoption of individual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Weeds; Herbicide; Resistance management; Corn; Cotton; Soybeans; Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49432

Analyzing FSA Direct Loan Borrower Payback Histories:  Predictors of Financial Improvement and Loan Servicing Actions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Landerito,   Aiko O.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Hamm,   Sandra J.; Danforth,   Diana M.
Classical and count data regression models are estimated to predict improvement in three key financial indicators—net worth, debt-to-asset ratio and current ratio—as well as the number of loan restructurings and delinquencies.  Data consist of Farm Service Agency direct loans originated in fiscal years 1994-1996.  Models to predict outcomes vary by loan type.  Models explaining variation in the financial measures have modest explanatory power but initial levels of debt-to-asset ratio and current ratio are significant in explaining changes in debt-to-asset ratios and current ratios, respectively.  Models explaining number of restructurings and delinquencies for operating loans have satisfactory explanatory power.  Increasing crop revenues to total farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: FSA direct loans; Financial improvement; Loan servicing actions; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Q14; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49340

Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Income Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Jones,   Alison Snow; Tooze,   Janet A.
As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this study, we examine factors influencing tobacco farmers’ attempts to identify profitable alternatives to tobacco, their off-farm employment behavior, and changes in acres of tobacco cultivated using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers combined with market data
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farm programs; Farmer survey; Quota buyout; Tobacco; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; C33; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45045

Parametric and Non-Parametric Estimation of Soil Conservation Impact on Productivity in the Northwestern Ethiopian Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kassie,   Menale; Holden,   Stein T.
The impact of fanya juu bunds on productivity in a high rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands is analyzed based on data from a cross section household survey with multiple plot observations per household. The results from parametric and non-parametric analysis indicated that productivity from conserved plots was lower than from non-conserved plots. The Oaxaca-Blinder productivity decomposition results showed that there was little difference in plot characteristics between conserved and non-conserved plots, however the returns to those characteristics were higher for non-conserved plots. The sensitivity analysis, increasing fodder grass production on bunds, suggests that there are possibilities to make conserved plots as productive as non-conserved ones....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Yield decomposition; Soil conservation; Switching regression; Stochastic dominance analysis; Matching methods; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; C21; C23; Q12; Q15; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25281

Productivity and Economic Effects of Antibiotics Used for Growth Promotion in U.S. Pork Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Gay Y.; Algozin,   Kenneth A.; McNamara,   Paul E.; Bush,   Eric J.
Public health experts are concerned about the diminishing efficacy of antibiotics.  Some have called for a ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal agriculture.  This study identifies the contribution of growth-promoting antibiotics in the grower/finisher phase of U.S. pork production.  With National Animal Health Monitoring System swine data, relationships are estimated between growth-promoting antibiotic use and productivity.  Results indicate improvements in average daily gain (0.5%), feed conversion ratio (1.1%), and mortality rate (reduced 0.22 percentage points); these productivity improvements translate into a profitability gain of $0.59 per pig marketed, or an improvement of 9% in net profits associated with growth promotion antibiotics.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Economics; Growth promotants; Productivity; Resistance; Swine; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43146

A Risk Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Claypan Soil with Conservation Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilizers for Grain Sorghum and Soybean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffery R.; Pendell,   Dustin L.; Sweeney,   Daniel; Rice,   Charles W.; Nelson,   Richard G.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/15/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Carbon credits; Nitrogen; Risk; Tillage; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35327

Changing Produce Marketing Barriers: A Comparison Among Three Southern States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eastwood,   David B.; Brooker,   John R.; Hall,   Charles R.; Rhea,   Alice J.; Estes,   Edmund A.; Woods,   Timothy A.
Produce growers in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee were surveyed in 2002 to gather information about their decision making in the areas of planting, postharvest handling, marketing, and expected changes.  North Carolina has proportionately more respondents with large operations, and Kentucky and Tennessee were more similar and concentrated in smaller farms.  Tennessee and Kentucky respondents were less likely to have engaged in activities that were associated with the commercial distribution system.  Greater reliance on the commercial distribution system on the part of North Carolina growers is consistent with more produce export activity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cooling; Direct markets; Postharvest handling; Produce marketing; Traceback; D30; D40; Q12; Q13; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43205

Can Risk Reducing Policies Reduce Farmer's Risk and Improve Their Welfare?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anton,   Jesus; Giner,   Celine.
This paper develops an analytical model able to represent the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A comprehensive set of stylised risk reducing policy measures is represented. A calibration of the model is used to run Monte-Carlo simulations and to obtain optimal responses. The main focus is the interaction between policy measures and market strategies in terms of impacts on production, welfare and risk. Risk reducing strategies that cover different sources of risk, such as price and yield variability, may be complementary for the farmers. Counter-cyclical area payments create incentives to bring land into production and their capacity to reduce farming risk is mitigated by the potential crowding out...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Welfare; Policy; Insurance; Counter-cyclical; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24578

PANEL ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND BASED ON AN EPISODE OF RATE REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno,   Georgina; Sunding,   David L.; Schoengold,   Karina.
Agriculture is by far the dominant user of water in the western United States and in nearly all arid regions of the planet. Despite this fact and despite a growing push to rely on price mechanisms for rationalizing water allocation, there are few econometric studies of agricultural water demand that measure its responsiveness to price. Using a unique panel data set of water use at a disaggregated level, this paper estimates the parameters of an agricultural water demand function. The approach incorporates the notion of “"jointness"” in the farm production function, which postulates that producers choose inputs, outputs and technology simultaneously. Estimation results indicate that the own-price elasticity of water use is in the range [-0.415, -0.275],...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Input demand estimation; Water resources; Conservation technology; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20342

New Zealand Wool Inside: A Discussion Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforte,   Daniel; Dunlop,   Samuel; Garnevska,   Elena.
The IFAMR is the Official Journal of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association: www.ifama.org
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: New Zealand; Wool; Ingredients marketing; Branding; Wool carpets; Case study; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114716

Demographic Factors Affecting the Adoption of Multiple Value-Added Practices  by Oklahoma Cow-Calf Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Brian R.; Raper,   Kellie Curry; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Peel,   Derrell S.; Lalman,   David L.; Richards,   Chris; Doye,   Damona G.
The utilization of marketing programs to enhance feeder calf value has been met with modest success in Oklahoma. Value-added programs are continually promoted as avenues for improving cow-calf profitability, but producer adoption of value-added practices lags in spite of research showing the value of these practices. Identifying producer characteristics that increase their likelihood to adopt value-added practices is critical to developing successful outreach efforts.  Results from a survey of Oklahoma producers on value-added practice adoption indicate that multiple demographic variables influence a producer’s likelihood of practice adoption. For Extension specialists, results can help in targeting likely adopters and developing methods to overcome...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef producers; Value-added practices; Practice adoption; Negative binomial regression; Poisson regression; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119743

Investment and Financial Constraints in European Agriculture: Evidence from France, Hungary and Slovenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferto,   Imre; Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec,   Stefan; Latruffe,   Laure.
The article investigates the investment and financial constraints for French, Hungarian and Slovenian farms using FADN panel data with different econometric estimation approaches. Farm gross investment is positively associated with real sales growth and cash flow implying the absence of soft budget constraint. Gross farm investment is positively associated with investment subsidies. Specific results by country are found depending on farm indebtedness. Investment subsidies can mitigate some capital market imperfections in short-term, while on long-term what is crucial is farm sale ability to successfully compete in the output market gaining sufficient cash flow for farm competitive survival and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm investment; Soft budget constraint; Investment subsidy; Panel data analysis; Agricultural Finance; D81; D92; O12; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114357

What are the Enduring Effects of Fertilizer Subsidy Programs on Recipient Farm Households? Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/23/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer subsidies; Malawi; Sub-Saharan Africa; Endogeneity; Panel data; International Development; Political Economy; C23; C26; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109593

Grain Contracting Strategies to Induce Delivery and Performance in Volatile Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures and basis is that there is pressure for an escalation in cash contracting for grain. This volatility has resulted in an unprecedented level of contracting with growers in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms. There is also a growing realization of growers not delivering on contracts, in part due to escalation in postcontract prices. These are evolving as major strategic issues for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use such contracting strategies as an element of risk mitigation. There are three purposes of this article. First is to provide a broad survey of contract terms used in grain contracting with growers....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Grain contracting; Risk; Volatility; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C15; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53082

A Unified Approach to the Estimation of Demand for Improved Seed in Developing Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Hamazakaza,   Petan; Nawale,   Edah; Mekuria,   Mulugetta.
This paper proposes a new approach for estimating the demand for seed within a developing country context where only improved seeds are sold but adoption rates for improved varieties low. A farmer views an improved seed firstly as a derived input embodying production attributes and secondly, as a technology embodying consumption characteristics. He therefore jointly decides on its adoption and the quantity of seed required to plant a predetermined area. Drawing on the theory of demand for consumption goods characteristics and production input attributes, this paper specified and estimated non-separable household demand and consumption models using data collected from 300 farm households in Zambia during the 2003/04 crop season. The estimated results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Consumer goods characteristics; Production inputs; Technology attributes; Non-separability; Censored equations; Zambia; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; O3; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25332

Optimal Incentives Under Moral Hazard and Heterogeneous Agents: Evidence from Production Contracts Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dubois,   Pierre; Vukina,   Tomislav.
In this paper we develop an analytical framework for the estimation of the structural model parameters of an incentive contract under moral hazard with heterogeneous agents. Using micro level data on swine production contract settlements, we confirm that contract farmers are heterogenous with respect to their risk aversion and that this heterogeneity affects the principal's allocation of production inputs across farmers. Assuming that contracts are optimal, we obtain estimates of a lower and an upper bound of agents' reservation utilities. We show that farmers with higher risk aversion have lower outside opportunities and hence lower reservation utilities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Heterogenous agents; Moral hazard; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; D82; L24; Q12; K32; L51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24645

Invasive Species and Biosecurity: Cost of Monitoring and Controlling Mediterranean Fruit Flies in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pierre,   Raphael; Spreen,   Thomas H.; Moss,   Charles B.
The growing movement of people and goods that started in the closing years of the twentieth century has increased the possibility of the accidental or intentional introduction of biohazards that can affect agricultural production in the United States.  This study examines the ex ante decision between the deployment of monitoring devices (traps) versus the use of countermeasures to control Mediterranean fruit flies in Florida.  To examine this tradeoff, this study outlines a mathematical model to study the effectiveness of traps and the cost of treatment.  The empirical results presented in this study indicate that additional parameterization efforts are needed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biohazards; Conditional probability; Cost of eradication; Density functions; Food Security and Poverty; C60; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43770

Subtherapeutic Antibiotics and U.S. Broiler Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   James M.; Wang,   Sun Ling.
We use data from a recent national survey to analyze the use of subtherapeutic antibiotics (STAs) among producers of broilers. STAs are included in feed or water and are intended to prevent disease or promote growth. Producers who do not use STAs instead rely on a set of other practices, including pathogen testing, expanded sanitary protocols, altered feeding regimens, and HACCP plans, to maintain production. We find that producers who do not use STAs realize levels of production that are slightly lower, given other inputs, than STA users, but the differences are not statistically significant. STA users realize lower payments per pound than those who are not users. The 4 percent difference, which is statistically significant, suggests that STA users have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Broilers; Production; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49198

Measuring the Effects of Alternative Support Policy Instruments on Beef Supply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benjamin,   Catherine; Piot-Lepetit,   Isabelle.
The European Union beef market regulation is largely influenced by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). With the 1992 CAP reform, there was a partial shift by the EU from product price support to a more direct form of income support by way of direct payments. For beef there was a move to direct payments on intermediate products which was essentially a direct payment for the possession of various categories of animals and these were linked to a land resource base. The Agenda 2000 reform consists in a further price decrease associated with an increase in direct payments. The objective of this paper is to assess how the behaviour of beef producers is sensitive to changes in production prices and to changes in premiums. The analysis relies on an analytical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef supply; Dynamic modelling; Expectations; Direct payments; Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; C61; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24781

The Influences of Vertical Integration and Scale of Production on Profitability of Pig Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peplinski,   Benedykt.
The material used in the study concerns 60 farms from the Wielkopolska region. They were divided depending on a degree of the farm integration with the slaughterhouses and on a scale of pigs production. The analyses include calculations of pigs prices, costs of pigs production and profits obtained by the farmers. Besides, the objects of the research are the main pigs production costs (feed and labour) as well as investments realised in the investigated farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pigs; Vertical integration; Scale of production; Investments; Production profitability; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24498

MALMQUIST DEA INDEX ANALYSIS WITH AN ORIENTED OUTPUT APPLIED TO THE FOREST ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at: NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON IV AGROFOREST SYMPOSIUM “CONTRIBUTION TO THE AGROFOREST SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND, FOR MITIGATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION” 05 – 06 NOVEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist Index; Technological Change; Technical Efficiency Change; Returns scale efficiency change; Total factors productivity; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12; Q23; R38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56198

The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497

Industry Organization and Output Size Distribution of Cotton Gins in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.; Hudson,   Darren.
With cotton output declining by 46 percent from 2005-2008 (from 23.89 M bales in 2005 to 12.8 M bales in 2008), gins are processing less cotton.  This paper examines how output size distribution of cotton gins in the U.S. has evolved and the extent to which the developments in the U.S. ethanol industry, specifically the passage of the Energy Policy Act in 2005 (and its subsequent revisions), have influenced this structural process.  Markov transitional probability matrices (TPMs) are estimated for two periods: 1994-2004 and 2005-2008 to determine changes in output size distribution of gins.  TPMs indicate that relative to the pre-2005 period, gins had a greater propensity to process lower outputs after 2005. It is purported that in industries constrained...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Cotton gins; Transitional probabilities; Markov; Minimum efficient scale; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Q10; Q12; L11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56424

Staying in Touch through Extension: An Analysis of Farmers’ Use of Alternative Extension Information Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Lauren E.; Diekmann,   Florian; Batte,   Marvin T.
The U.S. farming industry is evolving quickly. It is therefore important that state Extension services be prepared to evolve as well. This study uses data collected in a 2007 survey of Ohio farmers to evaluate likelihood and frequency of use of various services offered by Extension as well as overall satisfaction with Extension services. Results indicate that tailoring of topics and communication methods to type of farm and/or farmer informational needs could improve the use of Extension resources. This implies that targeting of information products and methods may improve the performance of Extension education programs and customer satisfaction.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Communication methods; Double hurdle model; Extension information demand; Extension satisfaction; Value of information; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q10; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90669

Estimating an Ex Ante Cost Function for Belgian Arable Crop Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hansen,   Kristiana; Baudry,   Alexandre; De Blander,   Rembert; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Polome,   Philippe.
We estimate a farm-level cost function for Belgian crop farms using FADN data over the study period 1996-2006. We rely on an estimation of farmers' expected yields at the time cropping decisions are made rather than actual yields observed in the FADN data. The use of an ex ante cost function improves the cost function estimation. We subsequently suggest how our cost function can be used in simulations to analyze farmer response to changes in output price risk.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost function estimation; Panel data; Risk; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49477

Technical Efficiency of the Dual-Purpose Cattle System in Venezuela
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ortega,   Leonardo E.; Ward,   Ronald W.; Andrew,   Christopher O.
A stochastic production frontier model was estimated to provide standard measurement of technical efficiency of the dual-purpose cattle system located in Zulia State, Venezuela.  This system is based on local and low-cost inputs, but has been considered to be inefficient because of its low partial productivity indices when compared with those used in developed countries.  Results indicate that the efficiency of this system is reasonably high, downplaying the general idea of inefficiency.  Likewise, the efficiency of this system has the potential for improvement through public policies and managerial decisions based on the determinants of technical efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dual-purpose cattle; Production frontier; Technical efficiency; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37058

Input Use and Conservation Investments among Farm Households in Rwanda: Patterns and Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clay,   Daniel C.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Mpyisi,   Edson; Reardon,   Thomas.
One of the Government of Rwanda’s key post-war policy objectives has been to increase agricultural productivity and ensure food security by promoting a transition from semi-subsistence production and marketing practices to intensive production and highly commercialized agricultural markets. The government wants farmers to increase land and labor productivity through the use of modern inputs, thereby generating substantial surpluses which can be sold to pay for inputs and generate increases in farm incomes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food security; Rwanda; Inputs; Conservation; Households; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57053

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE PNV UNIT UNAN-LEON USING PRODUCTION FUNCTION STOCHASTIC FRONTIER, 2007-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at:  NATIONAL AUTONOMUOS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA, LEON INVESTIGATION VICERECTOR, POSTPGRADUATE AND SOCIAL PROJECTION 2th SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS ¨THE INVESTIGATION A WAY TO THE KNOWLEGE AND DEVELOPMENT¨ 17 NOVIEMBRE 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontier Production; Forest Police; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Technical efficiency; Allocative Efficiency.; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56196

Awareness of and Application to the Environmental Quality Incentives Program By Cow–Calf Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obubuafo,   Joyce; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Kim,   Seon-Ae.
This study uses a bivariate probit model with partial observability to examine Louisiana beef producers’ awareness of the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and how awareness translates to application to the program. Results indicate that awareness of and application to the EQIP depend on portion of income derived from off-farm sources, extent of previous best management practice adoption at one’s own expense, household income, farmed land that is highly erodible, contact with Natural Resource Conservation Service and extension service personnel, and producer age.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: BMPs; Bivariate probit; EQIP; Probit; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45531

Risk and De-Collectivisation: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bezemer,   Dirk J.
The replacement of wage-labour farms by family farms in Central and Eastern Europe during the transformation has been more limited than was initially expected. In this paper a formal framework is developed in order to analyse the behaviour of family farms and socialist-style farms in the presence of risk, given the typical post-socialist environment. Management incentives, ownership structure, lump-sum transfers and consumption choices are shown to have the potential to limit the size of family farms relative to socialist-style farms. The hypotheses are tested with survey data collected by the author in the Czech Republic.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transition; Agriculture; Structural change; Risk; Survey data; Risk and Uncertainty; D21; D81; O18; Q12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24888

The Impact of Crop Insurance on the Economic Performance of Hungarian Cropping Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporri,   Martina; Baráth,   Lajos; Bokusheva,   Raushan; Ferto,   Imre.
Crop insurance products can improve and stabilize economic performance. However, due to insurance market imperfections, the use of insurance products often requires governmental support. This paper analyses the actual impact of insurance products on the economic performance of cropping farms by linking the economic performance model with the insurance demand model. For this analysis, a simultaneous equation system is solved. Our estimations show a negative impact of insurance on the economic performance indicators farm profit, labour productivity and land productivity. The analysis of the insurance demand side confirms financial limitations of many farms.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hungary; Crop Insurance; 2SCML; Impact evaluation; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q14; G22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122525

Factor Price Disparity and Retained Ownership of Feeder Cattle: An Application of Feedlot and Carcass Performance Data to Farm-Level Decision Making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Brad J.; Anderson,   John D.; McKinley,   W. Blair; Parish,   Jane.
In this study, we used farm-level data from a university feed-out program to evaluate how the value of feeder cattle ultimately realized through finishing and grid pricing differs from their market value at public auction. Consistent with the theory of factor price disparity results indicate that significant risk premiums exist in the feeder cattle market. Producers of cattle with known feedlot performance, carcass potential, or both might be better off retaining ownership of their calves or marketing them in a way that communicates the information that is known about their potential performance directly to the buyer.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Factor price disparity; Feeder cattle; Grid pricing; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q11; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6657

BUSINESS SUMMARY NEW YORK STATE 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2003 from 201 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 314 cows per farm and 22,302 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122107

COMPETITIVENESS OF MILK AND WINE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING IN ALBANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Schreiber,   Catrin; Weingarten,   Peter.
This study provides an empirical assessment of the competitiveness of Albanian dairy and wine production, based on specifically collected survey data. For both product groups, the analysis is carried out on two levels: farm level production of raw material and processing and manufacturing of the final product in the food industry. In a third step, both levels are aggre-gated to analyse the competitiveness of the entire production chain for each product group. Overall, the wine sector appears in an economically more favourable situation than the milk sector. Although there is currently no relevant export of wine, there has been considerable in-vestment activity at the farm level and the harmonisation of quality standards with EU legislation is currently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Competitiveness; Milk; Wine; Albania; P23; Q12; Q13; Agrarsektor; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Milch; Wein; Albanien; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14877

Food Calorie Intake under Grain Price Uncertainty: Evidence from Rural Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Fang,   Cheng; Rejesus,   Roderick M.
This study evaluates the effects of grain output price uncertainty on the farm income of rural households and, consequently, how this uncertainty influences caloric intake through changes in farm income. Using a rural household data set, augmented with output price uncertainty measures calculated from historical time-series data, we find that grain output price uncertainty tends to decrease crop production income of rural households. In addition, we find that higher crop income from production increases calorie intake of rural households. Taken together, these results suggests  that output price uncertainty during the production process may tend to reduce caloric intake of rural Nepalese households since the price uncertainty negatively affects the crop...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Calorie Intake; Price Uncertainty; Nepal; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6198

Multifunctionality and value creation in rural areas of southern Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nazzaro,   Concetta; Marotta,   Giuseppe.
The paper focuses on a new theoretical-methodological approach to interpreting functional transformation processes of farms located in rural areas and marked by a delay in development. We have defined a theoretical paradigm of optimal value portfolio (OVP) which considers -in a new light- multifunctional agricultural farms as an ensemble of governance structures optimizing the creation of value.  The need to validate the OVP functionality has led us to identify a new methodological approach referred to as the Value Portfolio and Multifunctional Governance Analysis (VPMGA). This analysis embeds value chain analysis and governance value analysis and at the same time attempts to overcome the “sectoral” limits representing also a new and further development....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Rural development; Positive externalities; Value chains; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95322

Malawi’s Maize Marketing System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Ricker-Gilbert,   Jacob; Mangisoni,   Julius H.
National food security in Malawi depends on improving the performance of maize markets. Ensuring that grain is consistently available at tolerable prices is crucial for consumers’ food security. At the same time, surplus producing farmers need to receive farm-gate prices consistently above production costs to intensify the use of fertilizer and other productivity enhancing technologies in a sustainable manner. These concerns give rise to the classic food price dilemma for policy makers in Malawi: how to keep prices low enough to ensure low income consumers’ access to food while keeping prices high enough to promote farm production incentives. These tensions cannot be avoided but they can be relieved through reducing food marketing margins, which shrink the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Malawi; Maize; Marketing; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62162

Multiple goals in farmers’ decision making: The case of sheep farming in Western Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sintori,   Alexandra; Rozakis,   Stelios; Tsiboukas,   Kostas.
Management strategies and performance differ among farmers, as a result of different, multiple and often conflicting goals. Many approaches to building farm level models that incorporate multiple goals have been developed over the years, most of which share a common weakness. The determination of the goals to be used as attributes in the utility function is the result of a highly interactive process with the individual farmer, often difficult to implement. In this study, we use a non-interactive methodology, described in recent literature, to elicit the utility function of selected sheep farmers in western Greece, since farmers often appear reluctant to answer straightforward questions about their goals and preferences. Τhe results indicate that sheep...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sheep farming; Mixed integer programming; Multiple goals; Noninteractive elicitation; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D21; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51075

Farm Productivity and Efficiency in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Education Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asadullah,   M. Niaz; Rahman,   Sanzidur.
This paper reassesses the debate over the role of education in farm pro duction in Bangladesh using a large dataset on rice producing hous eholds from 141 villages. Average and stochastic production frontier functions are estimated to ascertain the effect of education on productivity and efficiency. A full set of proxies for farm education stock variables are incorporated to investigate the 'internal' as well as 'external' returns to education. The external effect is investigated in the context of rural neighborhoods. Our analysis reveals that in addition to raising rice productivity and boosting potential output, household education significantly reduces production inefficiencies. However, we are unable to find any evidence of externality benefit of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Returns to education; Stochastic production frontier; Bangladesh; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; I21; Q12; N5.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25482

Grain Contracting Strategies to Induce Delivery and Performance in Volatile Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures and basis is that there is pressure for an escalation in cash contracting for grain. This volatility has resulted in an unprecedented level of contracting with growers for specific purchases in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms. Beyond that array, there is also a growing realization of growers not delivering on contracts, in part due to escalation in post-contract prices. This realization is evolving as a major strategic issue for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use such contracting strategies as an element of risk mitigation. There are three purposes of this article. First is to provide a broad survey of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; C15; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55084

A comparison of the economic and environmental performances of conventional and organic farming: evidence from financial statements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argiles,   Josep M.; Brown,   Nestor Duch.
While conventional farming systems face serious problems of sustainability, organic agriculture is seen as a more environmentally friendly system since it favours renewable resources, recycles nutrients, uses the environment’s own systems for controlling pests and diseases, sustains ecosystems, protects soils, and reduces pollution. At the same time organic farming promotes animal welfare, the use of natural foodstuffs, product diversity and the avoidance of waste, among other practices. However, the future of organic agriculture will depend on its economic viability and on the determination shown by governments to protect these practices. This paper performs panel regressions with a sample of Catalan farms (Spain) to test the influence of organic farming...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conventional farming; Social/environmental/financial performance; Social and environmental accounting; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q51; M41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118577

Natural Protection from International Competition in the Livestock Industry: Analysis, Examples and Vietnam's Pork Market as a Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Lapar,   Ma. Lucila A.; Staal,   Steven J.; Que,   Nguyen Ngoc.
In some countries, local agricultural products (particularly livestock products) are shielded from international competition by ‘natural’ factors influencing the purchase of products. These factors include strong local tastes (or preferences) that favour the local product and the absence (or relative absence) of complementary retail outlets or home appliances suitable for storing and preparing potential imported substitutes. The desire for fresh meat rather than chilled or frozen meat, the absence or limited accessibility of supermarket outlets and limited refrigeration possibilities in homes can limit imports into developed countries of meat supplied by developed countries. From consumer’s perspectives these fresh or raw products are significantly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Asia; Economies of scale; Farm sizes; Household agriculture; Industrial agriculture; Pigs; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q1; Q11; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90628

Farm Household Income and On-and-Off Farm Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McNamara,   Kevin T.; Weiss,   Christoph R.
The paper analyzes the relationship between off-farm labor allocation and on-farm enterprise diversification as farm household income stabilization strategies with census data from the federal state of Upper Austria, Austria.  The results suggest that both on-farm diversification and off-farm labor allocation are related to farm and household characteristics.  Larger farm households tend to allocate more labor to off-farm income activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Enterprise diversification; Farm income risk; Off-farm income; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; J20; O13; Q12; Q19; R19.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43711

Farm Growth, Consolidation, and Diversification: Washington Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skolrud,   Tristan D.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Shumway,   C. Richard; Melhim,   Almuhanad.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94489

Determinants for fallowing land: The case of Kosovo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Davidova,   Sophia; Latruffe,   Laure.
The key question of this paper is why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when the total land of their farms is rather small and households are rather large. In order to elicit some barriers to land utilisation in Kosovo, the paper is based on a comprehensive survey carried out in 2005 investigating agricultural households’ perceptions of production and market conditions, and employs several households and farm characteristics to empirically approximate the significance of different factors for leaving land fallow and not using it for production purposes. Three different econometric models are used expected to fit the data distribution. All estimated model specifications show a statistical significance at a satisfactory level and no severe signs of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fallow land decision; Kosovo; Tobit regression; Fractional response regression; Zero-inflated binomial regression; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51626

HEALTH CHECK AND LABOUR MARKET: CRITICAL EVIDENCES AND POLITICAL NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ievoli,   Corrado; Macri,   Maria Carmela.
Rural employment is one of the most important item of the Common Agricultural Policy reform. Attractiveness and development of rural areas are strictly linked to quality of job opportunities in rural areas. In addiction role of migrant workforce in primary sector viability is not enough considered. So it’s necessary to build a conceptual framework to analyse the interaction existing between immigration and agricultural labour market. Therefore the first aim of the paper is to build such framework considering the several approaches which can be used to face the issue. This framework is used to analyse the Italian case; Italy has become an important destination for migrations, and in this country a migrant workforce plays an important role in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Check; Labour Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44786

Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Plans of Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Collins,   Keith J.; Zacharias,   Thomas P.
We theoretically examine a farmer’s coverage demand with area and individual insurance plans as either separate or integrated options. The individual and area losses are assumed to be imperfectly and positively correlated. With actuarially fair rates, the farmer will fully insure with the individual plan and demand no area insurance regardless of the plans being separate or integrated. Under separate plans, free area insurance and the fair rate for individual insurance, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. Under integrated plans, free area insurance, and the fair rate for individual insurance, the farmer will over-insure with individual plan and demand additional area insurance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk; Area plans of insurance; Crop insurance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; G22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103185

The sustainability of small dairy farms in six regions of France. The roles of resources and local institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mundler,   Patrick; Jauneau,   Jean-Claude; Guermonprez,   Bruno; Pluvinage,   Jean.
A survey of more than 150 small dairy farms and local economic, professional and political stakeholders was conducted in six regions of France. It revealed five types of farm strategy in relation to the farm’s size, agricultural diversification, importance of direct selling, and farm and household incomes. A “resource-based” approach shows that the sustainability of small farms is linked to economic, social and human resources. In this way the study shows the important part played by the household’s income and the farmer’s integration in the social fabric. This approach is complemented by an institutional approach: The sustainability of a small farm depends on local economic, professional and political institutions and an important role is played by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small dairy farms; Sustainability; Resources; Territorial institutions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q18; R10; R58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52820

An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to climate change adaptation in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolikow,   Steven; Kragt,   Marit Ellen; Mugera,   Amin W.
This paper has been published in a peer-reviewed conference as:  Kragt, M.E., Mugera, A. &amp; Kolikow, S. (2013) An interdisciplinary framework of limits and barriers to agricultural climate change adaptation. In: Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. &amp; Boland J. (Eds) MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Adelaide, 1-6 December 2013, pp. 593–599. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3-1. Session B2: http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/B2/kragt.pdf
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agriculture; Australia; Broad-acre Farming; Conceptual Modelling; Climate Change; Epistemology; Interdisciplinary Research; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120467

FARM HOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION AND HIRED LABOR DEMANDS IN THE MIDWEST U.S.: THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roucan-Kane,   Maud; Keeney,   Roman.
In addition to farm work, most farm households in developed countries have at least one person working off-farm. The purpose of this paper is to examine if, and how, government payments, personal characteristics and household characteristics affect labor allocation of farm operators and their spouses, and the decisions to hire labor. We estimate an 8-regime multinomial logit model and a three equation multivariate probit model to quantify these impacts. Results indicate that age of household members is consistent with the life-cycle hypothesis on increasing then decreasing labor market par, and is positively associated with demand for hired labor. Hired farm labor and off farm activities increase with the operator education levels. As household size...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Government subsidies; Government programs; Time allocation; Labor allocation; Off-farm labor; Farm labor; Hired labor; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6711

Wheat Diversity and Productivity in Indian Punjab After the Green Revolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Singh,   Joginder; Di Falco,   Salvatore; Zambrano,   Patricia.
The Punjab of India is an historical source of key wheat genetic resources in national and global plant breeding, and a focus of concerns about the abandonment of local varieties during the Green Revolution. Much of the wheat area in Punjab was already planted with earlier products of modern plant breeding programs when the Green Revolution began. These cultivars were more genetically similar and less productive than the semi-dwarf wheat varieties that succeeded them. We define, summarize and test indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the modern wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. The first is the area-weighted average of varieties grown, which measures the rate of variety change,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic diversity; Indian Punjab; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25794

Agricultural Household Response to Avian Influenza Prevention and Control Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Poulos,   Christine; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa have caused severe impacts on the poultry sector through bird mortality and culling, as well as resulting trade restrictions and negative demand shocks. Although poultry producers play a major role in preventing and controlling avian influenza, little research has examined the influence of their farm-level decision making on the spread of the disease. In this study, we describe farm behavior under livestock disease risk and discuss data and analyses necessary to generate sound empirical evidence to inform public avian influenza prevention and control measures.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural household model; Avian influenza; Control measures; Economic epidemiology; Livestock disease; Poultry production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6537

Estimating Farm Efficiency in the Presence of Double Heteroscedasticity Using Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadri,   Kaddour; Guermat,   Cherif; Whittaker,   Julie.
The accuracy of technical efficiency measures is important given the interest in such measures in policy discussions. In recent years the use of stochastic frontiers has become popular for estimating technical inefficiency, but estimated inefficiencies are sensitive to specification errors. One source of such errors is heteroscedasticity. This paper addresses this issue by extending the Hadri (1999) correction for heteroscedasticity to stochastic production frontiers and to panel data. It is argued that heteroscedasticity within an estimation can have a significant effect on results, and that correcting for heteroscedasticity yields more accurate measures of technical inefficiency. Using panel data on cereal farms, it is found that the usual technical...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier production; Heteroscedasticity; Technical efficiency; Panel data; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C24; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43994

YIELD RESPONSE TO PRICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY MODELING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keeney,   Roman; Hertel,   Thomas W.
We examine the determinants of own-price output supply response in policy models, focusing primarily on the OECD-PEM equilibrium displacement model. Reviewing expert assessments and econometric literature estimates we find that there is evidence to both support and challenge the relatively high supply response of a model like the OECD-PEM. We also consider possible avenues of reconciliation between evidence that supports and challenges the assumed supply response in the OECD-PEM model. Our analysis of supply response in the OECD-PEM case and from reviewing literature leads us to recommend that future econometric investigation be focused on the role of farm household owned resource mobility as it contributes to agricultural supply response.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply response; Yield elasticity; Policy models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Q11; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45969

DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND VARIETAL-GAP OF RICE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: A META-FRONTIER MODEL APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayinde,   Opeyemi Eyitayo; Adewumi,   Matthew Olaniyi; Ojehomon,   Vivian E.T.
This study uses the concept of meta-frontier function to examine the technical efficiency and varietal-gap of rice production in Nigeria. A random sample of 675 farmers was selected from three out six geographical zones in Nigeria. The farmers in this study were classified into three groups according to the variety of rice they planted. The three main varieties of rice planted are local (Ofada), improved (Mai-Nasara) and New Rice for African (NERICA). The technical efficiency indices were computed using the meta-frontier approach because production varieties and technologies were expected to differ between the three varieties. This method allows the measure of the varietal-differences which is the Technology Gap Ratio (TGR). Estimates of the frontier were...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nigeria agriculture; Rice; Production Function; Meta-Frontier; Technical Efficiency and Varietal Technology gap; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51563

Simulating a Market for Tradable Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits amongst Irish Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breen,   James P.
Research into Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from Irish agriculture has focused on two main themes (i) projecting future emission levels and (ii) devising abatement strategies at the farm level such as changes in animal diet, better waste management and or changes in farm management practices. These abatement strategies will have costs associated with them some of which, such as capital investment or reducing livestock numbers, may be substantial. However  economic theory indicates that market  based solutions such as tradable emissions permits (TEP’s) are the least cost means of achieving desired reductions in emissions. To date within Europe a regulatory approach has been favoured when trying to curtail emissions from agriculture, the Nitrates Directive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm level modelling; Greenhouse gas emissions; Tradable emissions permits; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36770

Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Sauer,   Johannes.
This contribution is based on the notion that different technologies are present in an industry. These different technologies result in differential “drivers” of economic performance depending on the kind of technology used by the individual firm. In a first step different technologies are empirically distinguished. Subsequently, the associated production patterns are approximated and the respective change over time is estimated. A latent class modelling approach is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The production technology is modelled and evaluated by using the flexible functional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogenous Technologies; Transformation Function; Localized Technical Change; Production Economics; Q12; O33; C35.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91749

Intensive versus Extensive Dairy Production Systems: Dairy States in the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. and Key Pasture Countries the E.U.: Determining the Competitive Edge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nehring,   Richard F.; Sauer,   Johannes; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
In recent years, significant structural and production system changes have been noted in the U.S. and European Union, as well as increased interest in pasture-based dairy systems. Technical efficiency, returns to scale, and farm characteristics are compared by size and production system in traditional U.S. dairy states and E.U. countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: U.S.; EU Countries; Dairy Systems; Technical Efficiency; Returns To Scale; Size; Technology; Land Prices; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98824

Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Plans of Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Collins,   Keith J.; Zacharias,   Thomas P.
We theoretically examine a farmer’s coverage demand with area and individual insurance plans as either separate or integrated options. The individual and area losses are assumed to be imperfectly and positively correlated. With actuarially fair rates, the farmer will fully insure with the individual plan and demand no area insurance regardless of the plans being separate or integrated. Under separate plans, free area insurance and the fair rate for individual insurance, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. Under integrated plans, free area insurance, and the fair rate for individual insurance, the farmer over-insures using both area and individual plans.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk; Area plans of insurance; Crop insurance; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; G22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98803

The Beginning Farmers’ Problem In Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pouliot,   Sebastien.
Concerns about beginning farmers in Canada derive from trends in data that show that the population of farmers and the number of young farmers are declining. This paper discusses and analyses issues regarding the constraints and opportunities beginning farmers in Canada face. The discussion covers whether issues peculiar to beginning farmers are, from an economic policy point of view, a source of concern and whether there are motives for government intervention. The main conclusions are 1) the decline in the number of farms in Canada responds to economic forces, 2) the price of fixed assets constitutes the main barrier to entry and 3) government support to entry in agriculture would have a negligible effect on the number of farms and the entry of new farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Barriers to Entry; Beginning Farmers; Fixed Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118019

A Life-Cycle Perspective on Governing Cooperative Enterprises in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hueth,   Brent; Reynolds,   Anne.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Governance; Life Cycle; Competition; Finance; Agribusiness; Q12; Q13; Q14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117411

Natural Disasters and Agriculture: Individual Risk Preferences towards Flooding
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes.
This study contributes to the understanding of behavioural responses to climate change induced extreme weather events. It suggest a microeconometric method for measuring flooding related risk preferences of affected individuals. The method is outlined using the empirical case of agricultural production in floodplains of the UK over 28 years. A quasi-experimental approach to measure differences in the risk attitudes of farmers located in high flooding risk areas versus farmers located in low flooding risk areas is followed. Changes in flooding risk related behaviour over time is analysed and marginal effects of different individual and disaster related characteristics for this behaviour are investigated. Beside a moments based risk estimation approach the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Extreme Events; Risk; Agriculture; Natural Experiments; Behavioural Adaptation; Extreme Ereignisse; Risiko; Landwirtschaft; Natürliche Experimente; Verhaltensadaption; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; C54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114497

RISK BALANCING IN AN INTEGRATED FARM RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escalante,   Cesar L.; Barry,   Peter J.
Using optimization techniques in a simulation framework, this study demonstrates the synergy between risk balancing and alternative strategies in effectively reducing risk under changing farm conditions.  Highly risk-averse farmers tend to prefer integrated risk-management plans, based on the diversification principle, that yield offsetting combinations of the risk-reducing benefits of most strategies and the profit-generating capacities of the others.  The greater appeal of a more diversified plan usually downplays the risk balancing strategy as the farm utilizes credit reserves to implement other production and marketing plans considered essential to overall risk reduction.  The farm, however, still realizes overall, although more regulated, reduction in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Business risk; Expected utility-mean variance framework; Financial risk; Multiperiod quadratic programming model; Risk Balancing Hypothesis; Farm Management; Q12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15461

The effect of soil quality on fertilizer use rates among smallholder farmers in western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marenya,   Paswel Phiri; Barrett,   Christopher B.
Studies of fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa have been dominated by analyses of economic and market factors having to do with infrastructure, institutions, and incentives that prevent or foster increased fertilizer demand, largely ignoring how soil fertility status conditions farmer demand for fertilizer. We apply a switching regression model to data from 260 farm households in western Kenya in order to allow for the possibility of discontinuities in fertilizer demand based on a soil carbon content (SCC) threshold. We find that the usual factors reflecting liquidity and quasi-fixed inputs are important on high-SCC plots but not on those with poorer soils. External inputs become less effective on soils with low SCC, hence the discernible shift in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer demand; Fertilizer policy; Soil carbon; Soil organic matter; Switching regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q18; Q24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51671

The Impacts of Farm Financial Structure on Production Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Bayda,   Volodymyr V.
Farm financial structure may affect both short- and long-run input usage, thereby affecting farm efficiency.  Any inefficiencies arising from the choice of inputs can be magnified over time as credit constraints continue to affect input usage.  In a panel of 54 North Dakota crop farms, efficiency and debt structure were related.  Intermediate debt was found to be positively related to farm technical efficiency, and short-term debt was negatively associated with technical efficiency.  Use of intermediate-term debt was positively associated with farm-scale efficiency, whereas no significant relationship was found between short- and long-term debt and scale efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Data envelopment analysis; Farm credit; Farm efficiency; Financial structure; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Production Economics; Q1; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43738

Pesticides Uses in Crop Production: What Can We Learn from French Farmers Practices?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fadhuile,   Adelaide; Lemarie,   Stephane; Pirotte,   Alain.
This article focuses on the demand system of French farmers concerning pesticides uses. We estimate the demand elasticities of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides with respect to pesticide expenditure, and considering crop differentiation. Then we compare two indexes that are used in agronomic literature to measure the intensity of pesticides uses. We retain a Linear Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) specification. A Full-Information Maximum Likelihood estimation procedure is used for dealing with the problem of censored dependent variable. We consider two cross-sections observed in 2001 and 2006 covering pesticides uses of three crops. We confirm the previous results of the literature that farmers response to price variation is very...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; LA/AIDS; Elasticities; Censored System of Equations; Two-Step procedure; Quasi Maximum Likelihood; Full-Information Maximum Likelihood.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; C30; C31; C34; L11; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103654

An ex-ante analysis of distributional effects of the CAP on western German farm incomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deppermann,   Andre; Grethe,   Harald; Offermann,   Frank.
This study is concerned with measuring impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on farm income distribution of western Germany. Not only the sheer contribution of market price support and direct payments as a proportion of income is taken into account, but also the impact of support on production incentives. For this purpose, we apply a modelling system consisting of a partial equilibrium model and a programming model. Based on a comparison of Gini coefficients and a decomposition of overall inequality effects we conclude that liberalization of the agricultural sector leads to a more unequal distribution of family farm income in relative terms, whereas a liberalized market provides a more equal situation in absolute terms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income distribution; CAP; Farm Group Model; Equilibrium Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q12; Q18; C54; C6; D31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99428

Financial and Risk Management Assistance: Decision Support for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klose,   Steven L.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
The Financial and Risk Management (FARM) Assistance program created by Texas Cooperative Extension is a strategic analysis service offered to farmers and ranchers in Texas.  The program serves as an example of large-scale, focused programming by extension agencies, as well as the implementation of technical stochastic simulation methods for use on the farm.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Decision information; Decision support system; Extension programming; Farm level analysis; Outreach; Simulation; Q16; Q12; C15; D83.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43516

MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS FOR REDUCING LEACHING OF NITRATES IN CROATIAN FARMING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sumelius,   John; Grgic,   Zoran; Mesic,   Milan; Franic,   Ramona.
The aim of this paper is to identify optional ways of preventing NO3-levels from rising within Croatian farming systems, and the implications from the viewpoint of the manager.  More specifically, the purpose is to 1) Determine whether Croatian farmers exceed profit maximising levels of N-fertilizer use in maize cultivation, and its possible influence on NO3 –N-levels.  2) To estimate the marginal abatement cost (MAC), at the farm level, of reducing NO3 –N leaching through the following instruments: a tax on optimal N-doses, a product tax and an N-fertiliser quota and a requirement for all instruments to correspond to the same abatement level.  Based on.  N-response experiment from feld trial for maize N-response curves were estimated.  A sample of 20...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marginal abatement cost; N-response; Nitrate Directive; Taxes; Effluent production function; Croatia.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25909

Institutions, Policy Reforms and Efficiency in New Member States from Central and Eastern Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre; Jambor,   Attila; Toth,   Jozsef.
This paper investigates determinants of agricultural sector efficiency in ten new member states (NMS-10) of the European Union (EU) from Central and Eastern European countries by the non-parametric method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the panel data analysis. The agricultural sector efficiency varies between the NMS-10. We have found positive and significant association of the agricultural sector efficiency with the natural agricultural factor endowments, average farm size, farm specialization, small-scale farms, and the EU integration process. The foreign direct investments have an ambiguous affect, while the nominal assistance rate is not found significant. Reform and institutional developments and liberalization are associated with the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural efficiency; Institutions; Policy reforms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; C14; C23; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91032

Trade, Food Standards and Poverty: The Case of High-Value Vegetable Exports from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet.
Agricultural supply chains are changing globally with pervasive food standards and increased vertical coordination. The impact of these changes for developing countries and for small farmers in those countries is not yet well understood. We analyze the developments in high-standards FFV supply chains and the effects for small farmers and rural households in Senegal. We use a unique dataset derived from company level interviews and household surveys in the main horticulture zone in Senegal. Supply chain restructuring resulted in a shift from contract-farming with small-scale producers to large-scale vertically integrated estate-farming. A comprehensive econometric analysis shows that the restructuring of the value chain has enhanced an equitable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; D1; L66; O13; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25614

The paradox of household resource endowment and land productivity in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ainembabazi,   John Herbert; Angelsen,   Arild.
The paper investigates the conflicting findings in empirical studies linking land productivity to plot size, livestock ownership, investment in farm assets, and land improvement practices. The conflicting impacts found are partly as a result of different model specifications, the type of data used – panel or cross sectional data – and possibly due to imperfections in rural markets. We control for these problems using household and plot level panel data from rural farmers in Uganda. We find that ownership of cattle has a negative and significant impact on land productivity. Investment in farm related assets, land improvements and other small livestock, however, significantly increases productivity. The conflicting impacts are a result of measurement error....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endogeneity; Assets; Investments; Land productivity; Uganda; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; C10; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51691

Explaining Variation in Farm and Farm Business Performance in Respect to Farmer Segmentation Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Paul; Harper,   Nicholas; Darling,   Richard.
Results from a pilot application of Defra’s segmentation model applied to the Farm Business Survey for England are presented. Interviews with 750 FBS co-operators during 2010, using a discursive approach, classified co-operators into one of five segmentation groups: Custodians (14.0%); Lifestyle Choice (7.2%); Pragmatists (53.3%); Modern Family Business (21.1%); Challenged Enterprises (4.4%). On average, Modern Family Businesses operated the largest land area, achieved the greatest farm financial (and agricultural) output, and Farm Business Income (FBI), whilst the Lifestyle Choice segment returned the lowest average FBI. Variation in regional tendencies across the segmentation groups was observed, with variation also noted for forms of business, LFA and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Segmentation; Income; Output; Agriculture; Farm Management; D22; Q12; Q14; Q15; Q16; R52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108783

Evaluation of Risk Management Methods for Satsuma Mandarin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindsey,   Jeanne K.; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Nelson,   Robert G.; Ebel,   Robert C.; Dozier,   William A.
Simulation of production budgets were used to compare net discounted returns and the distribution of returns under alternative risk-mitigation scenarios.  Results indicate that the combination of freeze protection and crop insurance increases expected net discounted 20-year returns while decreasing the downside risk.  Break-even prices ranged from $.257 to $.289 per pound.  Crop insurance returns were constant across price.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Satsuma oranges; Freeze protection; Crop insurance; Production budget; Simulation; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; C63; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46754

A metafrontier approach to measuring technical efficiencies across the UK dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Sauer,   Johannes.
A regional approach is applied to measure technical efficiencies on dairy farms which employs the deterministic metafrontier approach. We construct six super regions for the UK, i.e. Eastern, Western, Northern England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Data are collected through three different administrative systems, all be it under the same FADN guidance. We find for dairy farming comparative indicators of performance in all three data sets. The stochastic frontier approach is applied to construct 6 regional frontiers and a pooled (UK) dataset for comparison. A likelihood ratio test rejects the null hypothesis that these regions operate under a common frontier which may indicate bias in previous attempts to measure dairying efficiency at the country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Production Frontiers; Metafrontiers; UK Farm Account Data; Dairy farming.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; D24; C23; C51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99369

Enhancing Farm Profitability through Portfolio Analysis: The Case of Spatial Rice Variety Selection.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Brad,   Watkins; Hignight,   Jeffrey A.
The objectives of this paper is to use the large depth of existing literature on portfolio theory and apply it to rice varietal selection for 6 counties in the Arkansas Delta. Results based on 1999-2006 data suggests that combining available varieties using portfolio theory could have increased profits from 3 to 26% (dependent on location) in the Arkansas Delta. The major implication of this research is that data and statistical tools are available to improve the choice of rice varieties to plant each year in specific locations within Arkansas. Specifically, there are large potential gains from combining varieties that are characterized by inverse yield responses to growing conditions such as drought, pest infestation, or the presence of a specific disease.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice; Portfolio analysis; Optimal variety selection; Risk analysis.; Production Economics; D81; Q16; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45648

Costos de transacción en la agricultura peruana: una primera aproximación a su medición e impacto
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier.
El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar empíricamente los factores que determinan las estrategias de vinculación al mercado de los productores agrarios en el Perú. Asimismo, estudia el papel de los costos de transacción en el comportamiento de los hogares rurales. Además, la investigación plantea e implementa una propuesta metodológica para cuantificar los costos de transacción. Los resultados muestran que los costos de transacción en el área bajo estudio (los distritos de Pazos y Huaribamba, en Tayacaja, Huancavelica) equivalen a 50 % del valor de venta y son apreciablemente más altos (60 %) para los productores conectados al mercado a través de caminos de herradura que para aquellos vinculados al mercado a través de caminos carrozables, confirmando...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultura; Costos de transacción; Comercio agrícola; Perú; Agriculture; Transaction costs; Agricultural trade; Peru; Agricultural Finance; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37770

The Economic Effects of Early-Life Nutritional Constraints in Crossbred Cattle Bred on the NSW North Coast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alford,   Andrew R.; Cafe,   Linda M.; Greenwood,   Paul L.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Different patterns of nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can influence cow productivity and the performance of their offspring. An experiment was conducted on the North Coast of NSW whereby “low” and “high” pasture nutritional systems were imposed on a herd of Hereford cows during pregnancy, and then again from birth to weaning, with a crossover design also imposed to select offspring with extremes of growth to birth and/or weaning. Thus, four growth groups resulted – low-low, low-high, high-low, and high-high. Piedmontese and Wagyu bulls were used. After weaning, these offspring were grown out on the NSW Northern Tablelands and then finished to heavy market weights in a feedlot. The results of the experiment indicated that restricted early-life...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Beef; Early-life nutrition; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37667

Las preferencias discontinuas en los experimentos de elección: impacto en el cálculo de la prima de los programas agroambientales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Espinosa-Goded,   Maria; Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús.
En los experimentos de elección se presupone que los individuos consideran todos los atributos que describen un bien a la hora de escoger su opción preferida. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de que los individuos pueden obviar algún atributo. Este trabajo investiga el impacto derivado de las preferencias discontinuas en las estimaciones de la compensación necesaria para acogerse a la medida agroambiental relativa a la siembra de leguminosas en secano. La consideración de las preferencias discontinuas mejora la bondad de ajuste de los modelos, sin embargo únicamente afecta de manera significativa a la compensación demandada por uno de los cuatro atributos no monetarios que definen el programa agroambiental para la submuestra de los agricultores no...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experimento de elección; Medidas agroambientales; Modelo logístico de parámetros aleatorios; Precios implícitos; Preferencias discontinuas.; Agribusiness; C25; C52; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99607

Efficiency in Damage Control Inputs: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karagiannis,   Giannis; Tsionas,   Efthimios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
The present paper extents the existing literature providing a theoretically consistent framework for measuring input-specific technical efficiency in damage control inputs within a stochastic production frontier model. The theoretical framework for modeling damage control agents is based on Fox and Weersink (1995) model specification that allows for increasing returns on damage control inputs. The empirical model accounts veterinary expenses as the damage control input and it is applied on a panel data set of sheep farms in Greece during the 1989-92 period. The results suggest that sheep farms in Greece are using inefficiently immunization and antibiotics in their flock as their average technical efficiency level was 72.82%. On the other hand, technical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Increasing returns; Input-specific technical efficiency; Damage and control function; Sheep farms; Greece; Farm Management; Q12; Q16; C23; C51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24642

Economic Analysis of Post-harvest Losses in Marketing of Vegetables in Uttarakhand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Gaurav; Singh,   S.P.
The study has examined the nature and extent of post-harvest losses in vegetable supply chain in the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand. Multistage cluster sampling has been used for selection of 80 vegetable growers, 40 farmers from the hilly region and 40 farmers from the bhabhar region. The sample has also included 25 market functionaries. Twelve major vegetables have been selected for the study. The maximum aggregate post-harvest losses have been found in tomato, followed by potato, brinjal, chilly, French bean and pea. The study has suggested that establishment of producer co-operatives to handle various activities relating to production and marketing of vegetables would help in reducing post-harvest losses.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Post-harvest losses; Uttarakhand; Vegetable supply chain; Tomato; Potato; Brinjal; Chilly; French bean; Pea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119384

The Impact of Social Capital on Agricultural Income Among Corporate Farms in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Reinsberg,   Klaus.
In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. However, not all of them had been equally successful, economically. In general, a varying adoption of production factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analysed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 166 corporate farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C31; P32; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24695

Avaliação da competitividade da agricultura do Alentejo no âmbito do ecossistema Montado
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fragoso,   Rui Manuel de Sousa; Lucas,   Raquel.
This paper makes a socio-economic evaluation of the “Montado” ecosystem in Alentejo. It is study the viability of the agricultural systems and the effects of agricultural policy in their competitiveness and sustainability. It is used a Policy Analysis Matrix to evaluate the agricultural systems competitiveness and their economic efficiency. The agricultural systems are classified concerning their contribution for the economic growth, in function of income levels and policy effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: “Montado”; Alentejo; Policy Analysis Matrix; Competitiveness; Common Agricultural Policy.; Agribusiness; Q11; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60813

The Economics of Alternative Strategies for the Reduction of Food-borne Diseases in Developing Countries: The Case of Diarrhea in Rwanda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Kirschke,   Dieter; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Noleppa,   Steffen.
The paper provides a methodology which is suitable for the analysis of the social cost of disease and the benefits and cost of health intervention by integrating public health analysis and economics. The approach developed in the paper is applied to food-borne diarrhea in Rwanda. The results suggest that simple treatments such as Oral Rehydration Therapy have a higher social rate of return than consumer protection via education.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public health; Consumer protection; Social cost; Economics of food-borne diseases; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18830

TECHNOLOGIES AND LOCALIZED TECHNICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Sauer,   Johannes.
D2_3
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogenous Technologies; Transformation Function; Localized Technical Change; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; O33; C35.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93963

Smallholder Marketing Behavior and Urban Consumption Patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Accurate information on farmer and consumer behavior is the foundation for identifying public investments and policies that can effectively promote national food security and income growth objectives. This policy brief summarizes recent findings from a study on smallholder crop marketing behavior and urban consumption patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Food policy; Marketing; Smallholders; Consumption; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62155

Improved Program Planning Approaches Generates Large Benefits in High Risk Crop Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musshoff,   Oliver; Hirschauer,   Norbert.
This paper examines whether there is room for the improvement of farm program decisions through the incorporation of mathematical optimization in the practical planning process. Probing the potential for improvement, we investigate the cases of four German cash crop farms over the last six years. The formal planning approach includes a systematic time series analysis of farmspecific single gross margins and a stochastic optimization model. In order to avoid solutions that simply exceed the farmer’'s risk tolerance, the apparently accepted variance of the observed program’'s total gross margin which represents an observable reflection of the individual farmer'’s risk attitude is used as an upper bound in the optimization. For each of the 24 planning...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production program planning; Optimization; Uncertainty; Static distributions; Stochastic processes; Crop Production/Industries; C1; C61; M11; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10442

Factors Affecting Farmers’ Utilization of Agricultural Risk Management Tools: The Case of Crop Insurance, Forward Contracting, and Spreading Sales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velandia,   Margarita M.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Knight,   Thomas O.; Sherrick,   Bruce J.
Factors affecting the adoption of crop insurance, forward contracting, and spreading sales are analyzed using multivariate and multinomial probit approaches that account for simultaneous adoption and/or correlation among the three risk management adoption decisions. Our empirical results suggest that the decision to adopt crop insurance, forward contracting, and/or spreading sales are correlated. Richer insights can be drawn from our multivariate and multinomial probit analysis than from separate, single-equation probit estimation that assumes independence of adoption decisions. Some factors significantly affecting the adoption of the risk management tools analyzed are proportion of owned acres, off-farm income, education, age, and level of business risks.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption decisions; Crop insurance; Forward contracting; Multinomial probit; Multivariate probit; Risk management; Spreading sales; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; G22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48751

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT:  LESSONS FOR CHRISTIAN GROUPS COMBATING PERSISTENT POVERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Brown,   Douglas R.
Persistent poverty is one of the core challenges faced by Christians and by development scholars and practitioners alike. There is no question that Jesus was concerned about the poor - both materially and spiritually. From his first public address in the Synagogue in Nazareth, His home town, where He concluded by saying that He had come to "preach good news to the poor" (Luke 4:18), Jesus lived the gospel in word and deed. We, as Christian men and women, whether researchers or practitioners, are called to do no less. When Jesus made His parting remarks to His disciples, He said (John 20:21) "As the Father has sent me, I am sending you." emphasizing that we are to do likewise. This concern permeates the Old and New Testament, another example being the words...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; O1; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14738

Does Sending Farmers Back to School Have An Impact? A Spatial Econometric Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamazaki,   Satoshi; Resosudarmo,   Budy P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/08/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Spatial econometrics; Economic development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; C59; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25427

Risk Belief, Producer Demand, and Valuation of Improved Irrigations: Results from Field Experiments in Mt. Kilimanjaro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muamba,   Francis; Kraybill,   David S.
This paper systematically estimates the potential benefit of introducing improved irrigation schemes in Mt. Kilimanjaro to help rain dependent farmers cope with the risks of climate change. The study uses Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to elicit farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for eliminating the risks of crop loss by accessing improved irrigation schemes. Data for the analysis were gathered using a double bounded survey from over 200 randomly-sampled farmers in 15 villages. The study makes a contribution to the applied welfare literature and should also be useful for policymakers in Africa. The policy contribution consists of valuation of improved irrigation in the presence of climate change risks. The applied welfare contribution consists of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to Pay; Climate Change; Irrigation; Risk Belief; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12; Q18; Q25; Q51; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61653

Estudio de las diferencias de costes de produccion del cultivo de naranjo convencional, ecologico e integrado en la Comunidad Valenciana mediante el analisis factorial discriminante
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moll,   Elena Maria Peris; Igual,   Juan Francisco Julia; Parisi,   Sebastia Balasch.
Resumen  El propósito del presente trabajo es la comparación de los costes de producción del cultivo de naranjo en la Comunidad Valenciana según tres modalidades: cultivo convencional, en agricultura ecológica y en producción integrada, así como la identificación de las partidas de costes responsables de dichas diferencias. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de las tres poblaciones de naranjo cultivadas, a partir del cual se ha diseñado una muestra estratificada por comarcas y según tipo de riego disponible en las parcelas. Los objetivos se han completado mediante el empleo de técnicas de análisis multivariante, en concreto del análisis factorial discriminante. Por último, se relacionan los resultados obtenidos con el mayor o menor grado de adopción...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Production costs; Orange crop; Comunidad Valenciana; Organic farming; Integrated production; Factor discriminant analysis; Production Economics; M11; M21; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28788

An Outlook for the Biofuels Industry in the Southern United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crooks,   Anthony C.; Dunn,   John R.
Two seemingly unrelated topics are discussed- an outlook for biofuels in the southern United States, along with an overview of the important role that information technology is playing in the fuel ethanol industry.  The outlook discussion is limited to issues involving the two principal biofuels, fuel ethanol and biodiesel, and their respective feed stocks, corn and soybean oil.  The two topics are linked with a description of how information technology (IT) has enabled the development of the fuel ethanol franchise and a discussion of how IT is changing the very nature of biofuel operations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biofuels; Fuel ethanol; Fuel ethanol franchise; Information technology; IT; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O14; O31; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43771

The Impact of Small Holder Commercialisation of Organic Crops on Food Consumption Patterns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendriks,   Sheryl L.; Msaki,   Mark M.
The impact of smallholder commercialisation on food consumption patterns in a rural community of South Africa was investigated. The consumption patterns, dietary diversity and nutrient intakes of certified and partially certified members of an organic farmers' organisation were compared to data from a random sample of non-member households. Two consecutive survey rounds (n = 200) conducted in November 2004 and March 2005 enabled comparison of dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy (in terms of per household adult female equivalents for energy, iron, and vitamin A) and expenditure elasticities between seasons. Households with members engaged in certified comm ercial organic farming enjoyed greater dietary diversity, improved nutrient intakes com pared to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food consumption; Nutrition; Farm households; Small holder; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D1; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25304

Introducing Different Land Uses (Irrigated and Non-Irrigated) in Policy Analysis Modelling for Mediterranean Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Casado,   Jose Maria; Gracia,   Azucena.
The arable crop sector in Spain is highly dependent of the Community subsidies and account for 33% of total transfers received by the Community.  Then, it is expected that the introduction of the Single Farm Payment (SFP) will drive important changes in the arable crop production in Spain.  The quantitative assessment of the SFP impacts on the arable crop sector in Spain is the overall objective of this paper.  To achieve this goal, an econometric, dynamic, multi-product and partial equilibrium commodity model has been built disaggregating between irrigated and non-irrigated land use for cereals called Spanish Econometric Simulation of Agricultural Policies (SESAP).  Results indicated that the introduction of the SFP has only induced considerable changes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Partial equilibrium model; Policy modelling; Irrigated agriculture; Simulation; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25709

Modelo Principal-Agente para contratos entre pequenos produtores e empresa exportadora de manga no Rio Grande do Norte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sampaio,   Luciano Menezes Bezerra.
Fruit production is an activity of great importance in the Brazilian commercial balance and even more in the Northeastern region. Intermediation is a regular practice in the fruit exporting market due to existence of requirements, such as quality certificates, and of internal problems in production and commercialization, such as credit limitations and absence of product standardization. Large companies, cooperatives, associations and NGOs receive products from many small producers and export them together with their own products. In Northeast, it is common that the exporting agent offers contracts to producers that include technical, administrative and legal assistance plus input supply. This paper proposes a model, using the principal-agent approach of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Game theory; Small producers; Irrigated fruit production; Exportation; Agribusiness; Q10; Q12; D86.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61921

A Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chapoto,   Antony; Myers,   Robert J.
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/04/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Food security; Rural livelihoods; New variant famine hypothesis; Zambia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51485

An analysis of farmers’ behaviour and rewarded provision of public goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roel,   Jongeneel; Ge,   Lan.
Aiming to stimulate the role of agriculture as provider of public goods, the new CAP reform raises many theoretical and practical questions. The most relevant ones concern farmers’ response to the policy instruments. This paper uses a formal model to analyse the incentives and constraints generated by policy instruments and their potential impact on farmers’ participation decision. The analysis shows that, when choosing policy instruments to stimulate provision of public good, it is important to take into account different degrees and mechanisms of jointness between commodity and non-commodity (potentially public good) production, as they can enhance or erode the desired effect of the policy instruments. Some implications for modelling and policy analysis...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmers’ behaviour; Provision of public goods; Jointness; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Community/Rural/Urban Development; H41; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94615

The Survival of Small-scale Agricultural Producers in Asia, particularly Vietnam: General Issues Illustrated by Vietnam's Agricultural Sector, especially its Pig Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Economic growth in more developed countries has resulted in farms increasing their scale of production and becoming more specialized in their production. The sizes of farms have tended to increase, agricultural production has become more capital-intensive, and the percentage of the workforce employed in agriculture has shown a falling trend. This process has been brought about by the operation of market systems and has reduced the number of small-scale agricultural producers. Asia still has a huge number of small-scale agricultural producers. As Asian countries experience economic growth and as market systems become more established in Asia, the survival of Asia’s small-scale agricultural producers is likely to be threatened. Since these producers are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Asia; Economies of scale; Farm sizes; Household agriculture; Industrial agriculture; Pigs; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q1; Q11; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90625

Plans communaux de sécurité alimentaire et leur relation avec les PDSEC, le PNSA et les Banques de céréales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traore,   Abdramane; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Mali; Cereal banks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57143

Risk and Fertilizer Use in the Rainfed Rice Ecosystem of Tarlac, Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abedullah; Pandey,   Sushil.
The study analyzes the effect of risk aversion on the optimal level of fertilizer by employing a pooled time-series cross-sectional survey data collected from 46 rainfed rice farmers in Tarlac, Central Luzon, Philippines.  Based on a heteroscedastic specification of production function, fertilizer was found to be a risk-increasing input, but the effect of risk aversion on the optimal fertilizer use was estimated to be moderate.  Explanations for the low average rate of application of fertilizer under rainfed conditions thus need to be found elsewhere.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Fertilizer; Heteroscedastic production function; Just and Pope's and Antle's techniques; Rainfed; Risk aversion; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43446

The Economics of Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omer,   Amani A.; Pascual,   Unai; Russell,   Noel P.
This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems that may be in transition towards more sustainable farming. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that agricultural transition from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24636

Subsistence farmer preferences for alternative incentive policies to encourage the adoption of conservation agriculture in Malawi: A choice elicitation approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marenya,   Paswel Phiri; Smith,   Vincent H.; Nkonya,   Ephraim M.
Land degradation in most sub Saharan Africa is a widely recognized problem and is due in large part to poor land management practices. To address this problem, several policy-based incentives to increase the adoption of better land management practices have been proposed, including fertilizer subsidies, cash payments and, more recently, subsidized or commercially offered weather index-based insurance contracts. However, little is known about farmers’ preferences among these policy alternatives, their relative effectiveness, and their likely fiscal implications. Using survey and choice elicitation data from 271 farmers in Central Malawi, this study examines smallholder farmers’ preferences among four major policy options that provide incentives for adopting...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Choice elicitation; Cash transfer; Fertilizer subisdy; Incenitves; Indemnity insurance; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124010

Improving Food Security in Africa: Highlights of 25 Years of Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Food Security Group at Michigan State University.
Decades of research have led to substantially improved understanding of the nature of food insecurity. A combination of economic growth and targeted programs resulted in a steady fall (until the food crisis of 2007/08) in the percentage of the world’s population suffering from undernutrition (from 20% in 1990/92 to 16% in 2006). Yet over a billion people still face both chronic and/or transitory food insecurity due to long-standing problems of inadequate income, low-productivity in agricultural production and marketing, and related problems of poor health and absence of clean water. Assuring adequate food security for such a large share of the world’s population is increasingly challenging due to continuing resource degradation driven by a combination of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Research; Capacity building; Outreach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55050

Production Efficiency and Diversification in Mexican Coffee-Producing Districts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vedenov,   Dmitry V.; Houston,   Jack E.; Cardenas,   Gabriela.
Coffee production system is analyzed for 24 municipios (districts) in Veracruz, Mexico, from 1997 to 2002.  A stochastic frontier approach is used to estimate an input distance function and to evaluate production efficiency.  Results show the production process to be stable over time despite global price fluctuations.  Production of staple crop (corn) with either coffee or other cash crops results in increased efficiency as a result of the economies of complementarity, while production of coffee with other cash crops leads to lower efficiency.  Factors contributing to higher efficiency included higher population density, road availability, and higher altitude, typically associated with production of higher-quality coffee.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Coffee production; Distance function; Mexico; Production systems; Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; L25; L79; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37063

Impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on Organic in Comparison to Conventional Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haring,   Anna Maria; Offermann,   Frank.
Farms in the EU receive considerable support from the Common Agricultural Policy. Support for organic and conventional farms is analysed, covering a wide range of different Common Agricultural Policy support measures. The current design of the Common Market Organisations tends to disadvantage organic farming systems, although developments in the last two CAP reforms (year 1992 and 2000) and the latest reform (2003) have reduced the discrimination of extensive farming systems and now provide opportunities to introduce measures to meet some of the needs of organic farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Farm accounts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24465

Migration and Income Diversification Evidence from Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   J. Edward; Wouterse,   Fleur.
This paper uses limited-dependent variable methods and new data from Burkina Faso to test the impact of inter-continental and continental migration on activity choice and incomes in rural households. We provide theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence that the impact of emigration varies both by migrant destination and production activity. We find no evidence of either positive or negative effects of continental migration on agricultural or livestock activities and a small negative impact on non-farm activities. However, inter-continental migration, which tends to be long term and generates significantly larger remittances, stimulates livestock production while being negatively associated with staple and non-farm activities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; D1; J2; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25379

Do Farmers Hedge Optimally or by Habit? A Bayesian Partial-Adjustment Model of Farmer Hedging
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.; Karali,   Berna.
Hedging is one of the most important risk management decisions that farmers make and has a potentially large role in the level of profit eventually earned from farming. Using panel data from a survey of Georgia farmers that recorded their hedging decisions for 4 years on four crops, we examine the role of habit, demographics, farm characteristics, and information sources on the hedging decisions made by 57 different farmers. We find that the role of habit varies widely and that estimation of a single habit effect suffers from aggregation bias. Thus, modeling farmer-level heterogeneity in the examination of habit and hedging is crucial.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bayesian econometrics; Habit formation; Hedging decisions; Information sources; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100519

Income Situation of Agricultural Households in Slovenia after EU Accession: Impacts of Different Direct Payments Policy Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kozar,   Maja; Kavcic,   Stane; Erjavec,   Emil.
Paper investigates income effects of different direct payments policy options after the accession of Slovenia to the EU by application of a static deterministic total income model for rural households in Slovenia (TIM). Model is based on actual income data of 120 agricultural households in Slovenia. With respect to pre-accession baseline situation and accession agreement, income situation of analyzed households is likely to improve under all analyzed policy scenarios. Estimated benefits are highest in case of standard direct payments scheme, followed by basic flat-rate area payment option (entirely decoupled). Model results reveal also that policy reform will have redistributive impacts in favour of agricultural households engaged in extensive agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; CAP reform; Total income; Income impacts; Slovenia; Farm Management; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24705

The Effect of Household Wealth on Input Market Participation in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Mungoma,   Catherine.
Input technological change, fundamental to rural transformation, sometimes bypasses some rural populations because farmers are often reluctant to use new inputs due to production and price risks that could render their use unprofitable. The level of wealth of the household significantly relates to the household's ability to cope with such risks. Given the highly disproportionate distribution of wealth among rural households, this paper demonstrated that first stratifying households into meaningful wealth categories and estimating non-separable household improved variety adoption and seed demand models for each wealth category provides an opportunity to develop credible policy relevant recommendations on interventions that increase impact. This approach...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wealth index; Improved maize variety; Consumption characteristics; Production attributes; Derived input; Technological change; Censored regression; Zambia; Consumer/Household Economics; C12; D1; I3; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25630

Analysis of profitability and risk in new agriculture in a Himalayan watershed by using dynamic non-linear programming model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Rakesh Kumar; Sankhayan,   Prem Lall; Singh,   Ranveer.
Cropping pattern in the Himalayan region of India has undergone a significant change in the recent past. Introduction of horticultural crops of vegetables, fruits and flowers have led to more intensive agriculture. Such a change, resulting in higher incomes and improvements of the overall living conditions has, however, been accompanied with increased income risk. This emphasises a need for proper analysis of the cropping pattern, at an appropriate scale, such as, a micro watershed. This was achieved by constructing a dynamic non-linear programming model incorporating appropriate objective function, constraints and crop and livestock activity budgets along with risk component present in the gross returns. The model was then solved under alternate policy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cropping pattern; Gross margins; Himachal Pradesh; Optimization; Covariance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51404

Land Fragmentation, Market Integration and Farm Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Kosovo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Davidova,   Sophia; Gorton,   Matthew.
This paper investigates the effect of land fragmentation on farm efficiency in Kosovo utilising agricultural household survey data. To recognise heterogeneity among agricultural production systems in Kosovo, we estimate the technology separately for different groups or “classes” of farms, identified using latent class modelling. This approach separates the data into multiple technological “classes” according to estimated probabilities of class membership based on multiple specified characteristics, relating in this case to land fragmentation and market integration. The latent class frontier method is linked to the estimation of a multi-output multi-input production function, namely a directional output distance function, and to the estimation of Morishima...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land fragmentation; Market integration; Farm households; Kosovo; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123236

Motivation for Technology Adoption and Its Impact on Abandonment: A Case Study of U.S. Cotton Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.
We estimate a bivariate probit model with sample selection to identify factors affecting adoption and abandonment of precision farming technologies for cotton farmers, using the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey conducted in 12 Southern states in the United States.  Farmers for whom being at the forefront of agricultural technology is not an important reason for adoption are more likely to abandon precision farming technologies.  This study identified various factors associated with adoption and retention of precision farming technologies. Findings from this study offer significant information to policy‐makers for a better formulation of agri‐environmental programs that encourage farmers to adopt environmentally benign farming practices...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology Abandonment; Technology Adoption; Bivariate Probit with Sample Selection; Multinomial Logit; Precision Farming; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98838

Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Intensive Dairy Farms in Iran: Adjusted for Market Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshoodeh,   Mohamad; Shahnoushi,   Naser.
The dairy farmers in Iran are faced with milk price distortion due to the market imperfection. To measure an unbiased farm-specific efficiency, prices should be adjusted in an imperfect market. To examine this issue, a shadow-price profit frontier was applied to a sample of 860 Iranian small intensive dairy farms surveyed in 2005-06 in order to calculate profit efficiency of individual dairy farmers. This adjusted measure was then compared with that of unadjusted measure that assumes undistorted market. A multiple general linear model (GLM) technique was applied to the data to examine the multiple effects of pure-bred animals, and the used farm capacity on profit efficiency indices. The mean value of adjusted profit efficiency was 0.40, significantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Profit efficiency; Dairy farms; Iran; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; N55; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52996

Changes in Producers’ Perceptions of Within-field Yield Variability Following Adoption of Cotton Yield Monitors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Marra,   Michele C.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision Farming; Risk; Yield Monitor; Yield Variability; Yield Perceptions; Spatial Yield Distributions; Within Field Variability; Farm Management; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60971

The Adoption of Best-Management Practices by Louisiana Dairy Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahelizatovo,   Noro C.; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.
This study examines the adoption of best-management practices (BMPs) in terms of the total number of practices implemented up to a certain period, using count data analysis.  Poisson and negative binomial regressions were used to examine the likely determinants of producers’ decisions to adopt greater numbers of technologies, and the specific case of dairy producers’ adoption of BMPs was explored.  Our results emphasize the significant effect of producers’ awareness of the efforts to control non-point source pollution, information about BMPs, farms size, producer’s educational attainment, and risk aversion on the number of BMPs adopted.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Best management practices (BMP); Count data analysis; Dairy industry; Negative binomial regressions; Poisson regression; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43445

POLAND'S AGRICULTURE: SERIOUS COMPETITOR OR EUROPE'S POORHOUSE? SURVEY RESULTS ON FARM PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED POLISH VOIVODSHIPS AND A COMPARISON WITH GERMAN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Spychalski,   Grzegorz; Switlyk,   Michal; Tyran,   Ewa.
The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of farm-level data collected in a survey of 464 Polish farms in 2000. Performance indicators of farms in three Polish voivodships are compared with farm accountancy data from two German Länder. The results show that Polish farms were much less profitable than their German counterparts. The gap in income levels is much higher between persons employed in the agricultural sector than between average working persons in the two countries. Living standards within the Polish farm sector decline from the north-west to the south-east. The analysis suggests that the lower profitability of farms is a consequence of pronounced structural deficiencies due to a quite unfavourable workforce-land ratio on Polish farms and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Farm performance; Survey data; Poland; Germany; Farm Management; Q12; C81; P32.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14894

Identifying the Factors that Influence Small-scale Farmers’ Transaction Costs in Relation to Seed Acquisition - An ethnographic case study of maize growing smallholders in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badstue,   Lone B.
Using an ethnographic approach, this study explores small-scale farmers’ perceived transaction costs in relation to maize seed acquisition in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. These farmers have different needs and require seed of diverse maize types with multiple traits in particular combinations. Formal seed distribution has yet to develop in this region and farmers depend mostly on informal seed sources. Issues of information about maize seed, seed transaction negotiation and enforcement are examined from a small-scale farmer perspective through the use of qualitative data. Results show that farmers’ perceived transaction costs are low to negligible in most cases where seed transactions take place locally, and trust is indicated as a factor which serves to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Small-scale farmers; Transaction costs; Seed acquisitions; Maize (Zea mays L.); Informal seed sector; Oaxaca; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D23; O17; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23800

Will Higher Shipping Costs Drive the U.S. to Source More Localized Produce?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Timothy A.; Saghaian,   Sayed H.; Ona,   Lucia Y.
The recent wide fluctuations in diesel fuel costs and subsequent trucking costs has raised speculation within the produce industry of potential structural shifts in the location of production.  Recent increases in demand for local produce seem to further support speculation toward this end.  A component pricing model is used to actually examine the impact of fuel prices on farm gate and retail produce prices for strawberries, lettuce, and potatoes.  The study finds that distribution costs, while significantly increasing in absolute value, have surprisingly little contribution to changes in retail prices even in markets distant to the primary production regions.  These results suggest that factors other than lower distribution costs for local produce will...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Produce; Local; Marketing margin; Fuel cost; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Q11; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46872

Effects on Investment of the 2003 CAP Reform: A Household Production Model for Dutch Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peerlings,   Jack H.M.
This paper develops a non-separable household production model capable of analysing the effects of the 2003 CAP reform, and especially EU farm payments, on individual Dutch dairy farms. Model results show that the 2003 CAP reform farm payments do not fully compensate the income loss caused by the milk price decrease. This implies that savings, and therefore, investment decreases. Investment shifts away from on-farm investment to off-farm investment. On-farm investment in milk quotas falls compared to investment in capital and land because the shadow price of milk quotas decreases relatively to the shadow prices of land and capital.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct income payments; Investment; Household production model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24649

Research on Socioeconomic Impacts of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Alberta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Arnot,   C.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Dridi,   Chokri; Goddard,   Ellen W.; Jordan,   M.; Forbes,   K.; Laate,   K.; Myshaniuk,   K.; Parlee,   B.; Petigara,   M.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Zimmer,   N.
This report summarizes a series of projects undertaken by staff and students in the Department of Rural Economy which examine various socio-economic aspects of chronic wasting disease and its effect on a range of stakeholders in Alberta. The four projects included exploring impacts on the cervid farming industry, hunters, the general Albertan public, and certain Aboriginal groups. General results from these studies are presented with references that provide a more thorough analysis and discussion.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Chronic wasting disease; Socio-economic impacts; Aboriginals; Farming industry; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q26; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98686

Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Varietal Differences in Pistachio Production in Iran Using a Meta-Frontier Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boshrabadi,   Hossain Mehrabi; Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Euan M.
This paper reports on an analysis of technical efficiency and varietal differences in pistachio production in Iran. A random sample of 475 farmers was selected from the province of Kerman in 2003 and 2004. In this study, farmers are classified into three groups according to the variety of tree they planted. The three main varieties of pistachio trees planted are Kalleh- Ghuchi, Fandoghi and Akbari. The technical efficiency indices are computed using three approaches. First, a standard stochastic production frontier was employed using pooled data. Secondly, stochastic frontier production functions were estimated for each variety (separately). Lastly, the meta-frontier approach was used because production varieties and technologies are expected to differ...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pistachio; Stochastic meta-frontier; Production function; Technical efficiency; Iranian agriculture; Productivity Analysis; C21; Q12; Q16; Q55; R58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10425

Integrating small farms in agent based models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roder,   Norbert; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
In German agriculture structural change is mainly a result of the outmigration of smaller farms from the sector. The decisions of these farmers to leave or stay in the sector, are not based solely on financial data and market expectations. Other aspects are important such as the preservation of the cultural landscape, the continuation of the family tradition, or self-realisation. Only if these goals are adequately integrated into land use models, one can hope that the type and magnitude of reactions predicted by the model will be similar to that observed in reality. The main goal of this paper is to present a model approach that allows for the integration of non-monetary aspects into an agri-economic land use model. The approach is tested for a sample of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer attitude; Linear programming; Agent based modelling; Land market; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52826

Producer preferences towards vertical coordination: The case of Canadian beef alliances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Lan,   Kevin; Unterschultz,   James R.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Laate,   Emmanuel; Yang,   Danyi.
A survey among cow-calf producers was conducted during 2006 in Western Canada, to assess producers’ preferences towards participation in beef alliances. Producers’ choices were analyzed by varying the degree of vertical coordination in hypothetical lliance participation, while controlling for producer and farm-specific characteristics to explore risk, transaction cost and incentive considerations in participation decisions. Estimates from the attribute-based choice experiments suggest that information sharing regarding animal performance, revenue-risk and residual claimancy are important factors for producers driving alliance choices. Overall, cowcalf producers are willing to move toward higher levels of vertical coordination based on individual animal...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef value chain; Vertical coordination; Canada; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q13; C83; D22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122441

Smallholder Dairy Farmers’ Access to Modern Milk Marketing Chains in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Anjani; Staal,   Steven J.; Singh,   Dhiraj Kumar.
The smallholder dairy farmers’ access to modern milk marketing chain has been assessed in India by collecting data at the farm level in two states, viz. Bihar and Punjab. These states are among the largest milk producing states of the country but depict stark variations in terms of milk productivity and per capita milk availability. Another significant feature is the emergences of modern milk marketing chains in both the states. The study has shown that in spite of the growing presence of modern milk supply chains, the traditional milk supply chain is still dominant in the Indian milk market. Its presence is even more pronounced in less-developed states like Bihar. However, the traditional milk supply chain is being replaced, albeit slowly, with the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Milk marketing chain; Smallholders; Dairy farmers; Modern milk marketing chain; Bihar; Punjab; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118232

Revisiting the "Cotton Problem:" A Comparative Analysis of Cotton Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delpeuch,   Claire; Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The cotton sector has been amongst the most regulated in Africa, and still is to a large extent in West and Central Africa (WCA), despite repeated reform recommendations by international donors. On the other hand, orthodox reforms in East and Southern Africa (ESA) have not always yielded the expected results. This paper uses a stylized contracting model to investigate the link between market structure and equity and efficiency in sub-Saharan cotton sectors and analyze the potential consequences of orthodox reforms in WCA. We argue that the level of the world price and of government intervention, the degree of post-reform competition, as well as the degree of parastatal inefficiency, all contribute to making reforms less attractive (but not less pressing)...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Cotton reforms; Self-enforcing contracts; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; L33; O12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96176

INPUT CHOICES IN AGRICULTURE: IS THERE A GENDER BIAS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhagowalia,   Priya; Chen,   Susan E.; Shively,   Gerald E.
Most developing countries strive to improve agricultural productivity by relaxing credit constraints, supplying better inputs, and improving marketing and distribution. However the efficacy of these reforms needs to be examined in the context of the behavioral responses of farming households. This study examines gender biases within households that affect short-term decisions with immediate and long-term implications. This study utilizes data from ICRISAT's village level studies in India (1975-85) to highlight the effects of child gender on the use of agricultural inputs. The main finding is that households with boys tend to use purchased inputs such as fertilizers and insecticides more intensively compared with households with girls. In general, household...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender bias; Agricultural economics; Inputs; Village level studies; Son; Labor and Human Capital; J16; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7328

Moderate versus Big Cows: Do Big Cows Carry Their Weight on the Ranch?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doye,   Damona G.; Lalman,   David L.
Efficiency in beef production and economics is impacted by cow maintenance requirements and output.   Budget and linear programming analysis are used to evaluate cost and returns for two cow sizes on two different pasture systems. Moderate-sized cows on native pasture generate the greatest pre-tax returns to management and overhead.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cow size; Beef production; Beef returns; Beef cost of production; Linear programming; Beef systems; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98748

Web Delivery of a Monte Carlo Simulation Model: The Base and Yield Analyzer Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
The provision for producers to update base acres and payment yields in the 2002 farm bill afforded an opportunity to test whether it was feasible to deliver a complex simulation model directly to producers.  A Monte Carlo simulation model for assessing the economic impacts of the alternative base and yield options on individual farms was developed and made available to producers via the World Wide Web.  The experiences and challenges from this collaborative extension and research effort are described, as well as the issues educators might consider before delivering complex software to a national audience via the Web.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Base and yield update; 2002 farm bill; Monte Carlo simulation; C15; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43517

Gender Policies in Entrepreneurship Development: An Intra-Household Market Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayoola,   Josephine Bosede.
The universal implementation of women empowerment programmes has received analytical attention within the economic theory context . A two-commodity structure of the customary household economy was conceptualized, and analysed under the usual assumptions to describe the nature of the intra-household market for women entrepreneurship. The low-income household system produces two hypothetical commodities namely, Women Entrepreneurship (WE) and Non-Entrepreneurial Works (NEW) which form the main elements of the Stone-Geary type utility function. A system of linear expenditure equation was derived and estimated by regression to yield the empirical parameters of demand curve for WE. while the supply curve was derived based on the traditional production function...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Women entrepreneurship; Non-entrepreneural works; Supply curve; Demand curve; Equilibrium analysis; Gender-segregated policies; Labor and Human Capital; D1; Q12; J2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25382

Dynamic Changes in Dairy Technologies Uptake in the Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Yamano,   Takashi; Staal,   Steven J.
A number of African countries experienced since the mid 1980s a process of market liberalization that was expected to increase smallholders' access to inputs and outputs markets through the entry of private players. The effect on production, through uptake of improved technologies is however unclear. This paper aims at better understanding the dynamics of dairy technology uptake using a rich dataset of 874 households surveyed at two points of time. Using panel data enables to show the importance of differentiating 'permanent adopters' and 'temporary adopters'. Farmers with large land holdings are those who are able to have improved cattle at the two points of time, while those with smaller land size may not be able to maintain their animals on farm, either...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; D1; O3; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25571

Full Product Costs on Base of Farm Accountancy Data by Means of Maximum Entropy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lips,   Markus.
The paper presents an approach to allocate joint costs to production branches based on maximum entropy. Using bookkeeping data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) we derive full product costs. Accordingly, the suggested approach offers the opportunity of full product costs based on actual costing rather than normal costing. The approach is applied for arable crop in Switzerland providing full product costs on a hectare base. The resulting total costs are up to 20 percent higher than in literature. An important reason is labour, which shows for all analysed production branches higher costs than in the actual costing based literature.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Full Product Costs; Maximum Entropy; FADN; Arable Crops; Farm Management; M41; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51088

Productivity Growth, Technical Efficiency and Technical Change on Minnesota Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Vu,   Linh.
Changes and trends in farm productivity have been of intense interest to many involved with agriculture. This study used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate the output-oriented Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index from panel data for 1993-2006 for farms in Southern Minnesota. Bootstrap methods were used to estimate confidence intervals for the productivity, efficiency change and technical change indices. The model included three inputs (labor, land and immediate expenditures) and six outputs (corn, soybean, milk, hog, beef, and nonfarm income). Productivity growth was found to be positive during the period, with an average annual productivity growth of 6.6 percent. However, TFP growth has been slowing down in recent years and indeed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Farms; Malmquist index; Data envelopment analysis; DEA; Bootstrap; Government subsidies; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Q12; C14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49204

Contract Grazing on Winter Annuals: Risks and Returns for Cattle Owners
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anand,   Manik; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Bergtold,   Jason S.; Bransby,   David; Shoemaker,   Carla.
Critical factors affecting risk and profitability for cattle owners under contract grazing include cattle weight at purchase and time spent on pasture and feedlot.  Buying lighter animals and placing them in pastures before sending them to feedlot is the most profitable as well as least risky option. Even in the least risky scenario, the cattle owner would still incur losses 28% of the times. The results also show a possibility that at contract-grazing rates of $0.41 per pound of gain or more, the cattle owner would place cattle directly on the feedlot, bypassing the pasture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract grazing; Risks; Returns; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98752

Estimating Ricardian Models With Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
Many nonmarket valuation models, such as the Ricardian model, have been estimated using cross sectional methods with a single year of data. Although multiple years of data should increase the robustness of such methods, repeated cross sections suggest the results are not stable. We argue that repeated cross sections do not properly specify the model. Panel methods that correctly specify the Ricardian model are stable over time. The results suggest that many cross sectional methods including hedonic studies and travel cost studies could be enhanced using panel data.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Impacts; Agriculture; Hedonic Models; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1; Q12; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115727

Measuring Male-Female Productivity Differentials in Ethiopian Agriculture: Policy Implications for Improving the Livelihood of Female Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Yadeta,   Kenea; Paulos,   Zelekawork; Teklewold,   Hailemariam.
An understanding of the efficiency with which women farmers are operating, particularly where they account for the largest share of the labor force required for agricultural production, is essential for designing appropriate policies to improve the overall performance of agriculture as well as the livelihood of women farmers. This paper contributes to the gender productivity debate by drawing on crop production data collected in three districts (Ada, Akaki and Gimbichu) in East Shoa, Ethiopia during the 1999/2000 cropping season through detailed multi-visit surveys of 80 farm households of which 39 were female-headed households. Using the Tornqvist-Theil index, Total factor productivity (TFP) is measured to analyze crop production efficiency differentials...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural efficiency; Total factor productivity; Gender; Ethiopian agriculture; Labor and Human Capital; D2; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25782

Spatial Disaggregation of Agricultural Production Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howitt,   Richard E.; Reynaud,   Arnaud.
In this paper we develop a dynamic data-consistent way for estimating agricultural land use choices at a disaggregate level (district-level), using more aggregate data (regional-level). The disaggregation procedure requires two steps. The first step consists in specifying and estimating a dynamic model of land use at the regional level. In the second step, we disaggregate outcomes of the aggregate model using maximum entropy (ME). The ME disaggregation procedure is applied to a sample of California data. The sample includes 6 districts located in Central Valley and 8 possible crops, namely: Alfalfa, Cotton, Field, Grain, Melons, Tomatoes, Vegetables and Subtropical. The disaggregation procedure enables the recovery of land use at the district-level with an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Disaggregation; Bayesian method; Maximum entropy; Land use; Production Economics; C11; C44; Q12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24961

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF A BAN AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS USED IN U.S. BEEF PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mathews,   Kenneth H., Jr.
Economic effects for three scenarios of antimicrobial drug use in livestock production -- a no-ban scenario and two levels of bans -- are examined through cost minimization and a partial equilibrium analysis.  Results indicate that regulating antimicrobial drug use in livestock production would increase per-unit costs of producers previously using drugs and reduce beef supplies in the short run, reducing consumer surplus.  Producers not previously using drugs would benefit from short-run price increases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antimicrobial drug; Ban; Beef production; Cost minimization; Feed efficiency; Growth function; Growth promotant; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D21; D41; I118; Q11; Q12; Q18; R38.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15068

Expected Utility or Prospect Theory Maximizers? Results from a Structural Model based on Field-experiment Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bocqueho,   Geraldine; Jacquet,   Florence; Reynaud,   Arnaud.
We elicit risk preferences of French farmers in a field experimental setting under expected utility theory and cumulative prospect theory. We use two different estimation methods, namely the interval approach and the estimation of a random preference model. On average, farmers are risk averse and loss averse. They also exhibit an inverse S-shaped probability weighting function, meaning that they tend to overweight small probabilities and underweight high probabilities. We infer from our results that CPT explains farmers’ behaviour better than EUT in the context of our experiment. We also investigate how preferences correlate with individual socio-demographic characteristics. We find that education and agricultural innovation are negatively linked with risk...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk preferences; Field experiment; Experimental economics; Prospect theory; Risk and Uncertainty; C91; D81; J16; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114257

NEW MEMBER STATES AND CROSS COMPLIANCE: THE CASE OF POLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bezlepkina,   Irina V.; Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Karaczun,   Zbigniew.
The New Member States did not yet have to implement the full cross-compliance package. Currently the GEAC requirements in the conditionality clause for the direct payments. The SMRs will become part of it starting from 2009. This paper looks into the Polish case and looks whether timely implementation is feasible. Several factors are mentioned, indicating that this will be a hard task. The problems with implementation explain why the new member states are advocating a gradual phasing in of the SMRs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cross-compliance; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C02; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44852

Patterns of Collusion in the U.S. Crop Insurance Program: An Empirical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Little,   Bertis B.; Lovell,   Ashley C.; Cross,   Mike H.; Shucking,   Michael.
This article analyzes anomalous patterns of agent, adjuster, and producer claim outcomes and determines the most likely pattern of collusion that is suggestive of fraud, waste, and abuse in the federal crop insurance program.  Log-linear analysis of Poisson-distributed counts of anomalous entities is used to examine potential patterns of collusion.  The most likely pattern of collusion present in the crop insurance program is where agents, adjusters, and producers nonrecursively interact with each other to coordinate their behavior.  However, if a priori an intermediary is known to initiate and coordinate the collusion, a pattern where the producer acts as the intermediary is the most likely pattern of collusion evidenced in the data.  These results have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Abuse; Collusion; Crop insurance; Empirical analysis; Fraud; Waste; G22; Q12; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43393

Evaluating the CAP Reform as a multiple treatment effect: evidence from Italian farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposti,   Roberto.
Replaced with revised version of paper 03/03/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Farm Production; Treatment Effects; Propensity Score Matching; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q12; C21; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100216

Net Effect of Education on Technology Adoption by U.S. Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The objective of this study is to estimate the net effect of education on technology adoption for U.S. farmers. Using 2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey data, this study develops a simultaneous equations model to integrate farmers’ labor allocation decision with adoption of both time saving and management intensive technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Education; Technology adoption; Off-farm labor supply; Precision farming; Genetically modified crops; Simultaneous equations model; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56450

Implications of Macroeconomic Instability for Agriculture Income and Land Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q14; N50; E60.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94698

Economies of Scale in the Floriculture Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schumacher,   Sara K.; Marsh,   Thomas L.
This study investigated the cost structure of the floriculture industry in the United States.  Economies of scale and input elasticities were estimated with a normalized quadratic cost function.  Results suggest that economies of scale exist in the floriculture industry.  As producers become large and more automated, they have a cost advantage relative to smaller producers who are producing the same output product mix.  The existence of economies of scale suggests that average grower size can increase in the future as growers increase in size to take advantage of cost efficiencies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Duality; Economies of scale; Floriculture; Nonprice variables; Q12; C31; D20.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43145

Explaining the Conversion to Organic Farming of Farmers of the Obwalden Canton, Switzerland -  Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior within a Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tutkun,   Aysel; Lehmann,   Bernard; Schmidt,   Peter.
Farmers' decisions about conversion to organic farming are analyzed with a structural equation model. The Theory of Planned Behavior (ToPB), one of the prominent theories in the social psychology, is used as the theoretical basis of this study. Though ToPB is a well-defined theory, it is static rather than procedural and cannot model the individual decision-making as a process. Therefore, we first examine the general applicability of ToPB in an agricultural context and explain the variance in intentions of farmers to convert to organic farming. Second, we extend the ToPB to make it more procedural. For this purpose, research findings from the Diffusion Theory are included as part of the behavioral model. The empirical results indicate that, overall, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Behavior research; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling system; Theory of planned behavior; Diffusion theory; Structural equation modelling; Farm Management; C8; D1; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25313

Southeastern Peanut-Production Cost Efficiency Under the Quota System:  Implications for the Farm-Level Impacts of the 2002 Farm Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Hartarska,   Valentina M.
In the article, stochastic frontier analysis of peanut-production efficiency in the Southeastern region of the United States is conducted with a view of assessing the likely farm-level impacts of the 2002 Farm Act.  Results indicate that , although quota ownership did not significantly impact inefficiency, it is likely that limitations on the quota’s transferability to areas with better growing conditions were a significant cause of inefficiency.  The acreage shifts and improved yields following the passage of the 2002 Farm Act support this conclusion.  Certain farm characteristics, such as farm size and operator’s education and age, were also important for efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: 2002 Farm Act; Peanut production; Stochastic cost frontier analysis; Supply management policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q18; D61; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43762

Optimal Soil Management and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oueslati,   Walid.
This paper studies the effects of environmental policy on the farmer’s soil optimal management. We consider a dynamic economic model of soil erosion where the intensity use of inputs allows the farmer to control soil losses. Therefore, inputs use induces a pollution which is accentuated by the soil fragility. We show, at the steady state, that environmental tax induces a more conservative farmer behavior for soil, but in some cases it can exacerbates pollution. These effects can be moderated when farmer introduces abatement activity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Pollution; Environmental policy; Optimal soil conservation; Abatement activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q28; Q52; H23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24533

Globalization and Poverty in Senegal: A Worst Case Scenario?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Colen,   Liesbeth; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
There is no consensus about how globalization –trade and foreign investments – affects poverty reduction. Using household survey data, this study contributes to the empirical literature on globalization and poverty by analyzing the household-level implications of increased foreign investments and trade in the horticulture sector in Senegal. In many aspects this represents what many would consider a “worst-case scenario”. Stringent rich country standards are imposed on exports and the supply chain is controlled by a single multinational company with extreme levels of supply base consolidation, full vertical integration and complete exclusion of smallholder suppliers. We analyze and quantify income and poverty effects under these “worst-case conditions” and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; FDI; Poverty; Vertical coordination; Modern supply chains; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F2; J43; O12; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51668

Supply chain differentiation, contract agriculture, and farmers’ marketing preferences: the case of sweet pepper in Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schipmann,   Christin; Qaim,   Matin.
There is an emerging body of literature analyzing how smallholder farmers in developing countries can be linked to modern supply chains. However, most of the available studies concentrate on farm and farmer characteristics, failing to capture details of institutional arrangements between farmers and traders. Moreover, farmers’ preferences have rarely been considered. Here, we address these gaps by analyzing different market channels for sweet pepper in Thailand. Using data from a survey and choice experiment with farmers, we find that there is a general preference for marketing options that do not involve a contract. Additional provision of inputs and credit can increase the attractiveness of contracts. Yet, the most important factor for farmers is to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Choice experiment; Contract design; Farmers’ stated preferences; Modern agricultural supply chains; Thailand; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; L14; O31; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108349

Poverty status and the impact of social networks on smallholder technology adoption in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liverpool-Tasie,   Lenis Saweda O.; Winter-Nelson,   Alex.
Despite recent traces of economic growth, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Though about 80% of its population is engaged in agriculture, agricultural productivity remains low and extremely vulnerable to climatic conditions.  The adoption and use of modern technologies is generally accepted as a potential vehicle out of poverty for many but  adoption rates in the country remain low with the nature of the adoption process largely unstudied (Spielman et al, 2007). This paper studies the impact of social networks in the technology adoption process in rural Ethiopia. In particular it tests for the presence of social learning effects. In addition to geographic networks, it considers the role played by other networks with more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Persistent poverty; Technology adoption; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O33; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49357

Effects of Federal Risk Management Programs on Optimal Acreage Allocation and Nitrogen Use in a Texas Cotton-Sorghum System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seo,   Sangtaek; Mitchell,   Paul D.; Leatham,   David J.
We analyze the effects of crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program on optimal nitrogen use and acreage allocation for a case cotton-sorghum farm in Texas.  A mathematical programming model is used to solve for the optimal nitrogen fertilizer rate, crop acreage allocation, coverage level, and price election factor, along with participation in the crop insurance and the Marketing Loan Program for both crops.  Results show that depending on the crop and farmer risk aversion, these federal risk management programs increase or decrease optimal fertilizer rates-6% to 3%, increase optimal cotton acreage 94% to 144%, and decrease sorghum acres up to 50%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Extensive margin; Intensive margin; Loan deficiency payments; Revenue insurance; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43503

The Role of Non-Farm Incomes in Reducing Rural Poverty and Inequality in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; Zhu,   Nong.
China's record in reducing rural poverty has been nothing short of spectacular and should be a source of lessons for other countries. Rural poverty reduction is generally sought in the role of agriculture in contributing to farm incomes. However, non-farm employment in rural areas can also be a major contributor. Using detailed household survey data from Hubei province, we simulate the counterfactual of what rural households' incomes, poverty, and inequality would be in the absence of access to non-farm sources of income. Results show that, without non-farm employment, rural poverty would be much higher and deeper, and that income inequality would be higher as well. We find that education, proximity to town, neighborhood effects, and village effects are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income; Inequality; Poverty; China; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D63; O15; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25043

Nonparametric approach for measuring the productivity change and assessing the water use efficiency in the irrigated areas of Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chemak,   Fraj.
In order to cope with the water scarcity, Tunisia has to manage efficiently the demand of the economic and social sectors mainly that of the agricultural irrigated activities. Within this context our investigation aims to analyze the technical efficiency, the water use efficiency and the dynamic of the productivity of the irrigated areas in the Sidi Bouzid region. Hence, farm surveys, regarding the cropping years 2003 and 2007, were carried out. We have assessed the technology performance using the Data Envelopment Analysis approach and we have computed the Malmquist index in order to characterize the productivity change. Our empirical findings showed that the technical efficiency of the farms has increased by 17% during this period leading to an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigated Area; Technical Efficiency; Water Use Efficiency; Productivity Change; Data Envelopment Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C14; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97046

A Financial Contracting Approach to the Role of Supermarkets in Farmers' Credit Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcoul,   Philippe; Veyssiere,   Luc.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/17/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financial Contracting; Development; Financial Intermediation; Food Standards; Organization of Production; Supermarket; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; O17; O33; O50; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6366

Commercialization of Smallholders: Is Market Participation Enough?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Jaleta,   Moti.
The literature on commercial transformation of smallholders makes little distinction between market orientation (production decision based on market signals) and market participation (sale of output). However, policy implications to enhance commercial transformation of subsistence agriculture drawn from the analysis of the determinants of household market participation alone could be inadequate, if in fact, the determinants of market orientation and market participation are not the same or not consistent with each other. This paper analyzes the determinants of market orientation and market participation in Ethiopia separately and examines if market orientation translates into market participation. Empirical results show that the determinants of market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Smallholders; Market orientation; Market participation; Marketing; C21; C24; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96159

Smallholder Dairy Farmer Access to Alternative Milk Market Channels in Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kariuki,   E.; Staal,   Steven J.; Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Njoroge,   L.; Patil,   B.R.; Ibrahim,   Mohammed Nawaz Mohammed.
Although India is already the worlds largest milk producer, dairy production particularly among smallholder and even landless farmers continues to grow with growing demand. Currently over 80% of that milk marketed passes through traditional channels handling raw milk and traditionally processed products, in spite of the high profile given to cooperative dairy development through the Operation Flood programs. However, the growing middle class is likely to increase the demand for the more formal processed and pasteurized products, which the traditional market generally cannot deliver. This may shift opportunities for market participation and development away from smallholder dairy producers towards larger farmers who can deliver larger daily quantities of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder dairy; Conditional logit; McFaddens; Milk markets; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D1; Q12; Q13; C21.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25496

Explaining Differences in Farm Sustainability: Evidence from Flemish Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Passel,   Steven; Mathijs,   Erik; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
An important objective of European agricultural policy is to have a sustainable, efficient farming sector, which uses environmentally-friendly production methods. Agricultural policy makers aim to combine strong economic performance with a sustainable use of natural resources. There is thus a need for tools allowing quantification of farm sustainability as well as for empirical research assessing, analysing and explaining differences in farm sustainability. Using a large dataset of dairy farms, we apply the concept of sustainable value creation to benchmark farm sustainability performance. An effect model captures the determinants of the differences in sustainability among Flemish dairy farms. Our empirical model shows that both managerial and structural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainability assessment; Efficiency; Dairy farming; Performance measurement; Livestock Production/Industries; Q51; Q56; Q57; Q58; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25262

Socio-Economic Impact of Bt Cotton — A Case Study of Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiresur,   V.R.; Ichangi,   Manjunath.
The performance Bt technology and its impact on farming community have been assessed in northern Karnataka based mainly on primary data processed using production functions, decomposition analysis and logit model. On an average, per farm area under Bt cotton was 2.21 ha, accounting for 66 per cent of the total landholding. With a yield of 24 q/ha, Bt cotton has registered 31 per cent higher yield and 151 per cent higher net return over non-Bt, the net additional benefit being ` 18429/ha. The non-Bt cotton farmers use chemical fertilizers, organic manures and bullock labour excessively which result in a lower net returns. Technology has been found the major contributor to the total productivity difference between Bt and non- Bt cottons. Seed cost, yield of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; Bt technology; Bt crop; Karnataka; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q16; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109418

Methodological innovations in estimating the (inverse) relationship between farm productivity and farm size in a developing economy: a case study of Burundi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verschelde,   Marijn; Vandamme,   Ellen; D'Haese,   Marijke F.C.; Rayp,   Glenn.
We use a nonparametric estimation of the production function to investigate the relationship between farm productivity and farming scale in poor smallholder agricultural systems in the north of Burundi. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a predominant small scale subsistence farming sector. A Kernel regression is used on data of mixed cropping systems to study the determinants of production including different factors that have been identified in literature as missing variables in the testing of the inverse relationship such as soil quality, location and household heterogeneity. Household data on farm activities and crop production was gathered among 640 households in 2007 in two Northern provinces of Burundi. Four production models...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Inverse relationship; Farm size; Nonparametric; Burundi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; D24; O13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99359

Efficiency and Pooling in Western Cape Wine Grape Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conradie,   Beatrice; Cookson,   Graham; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper uses a stochastic frontier and inefficiency model to test the efficiency of grape production in the Western Cape. The data covers two panels of wine grape farms (34 in Robertson and 36 in Worcester) for 2003 and 2004 and 37 table grape farms in De Doorns for 2004 only. Tests show that Cobb Douglas stochastic production frontiers, with variables to explain the inefficiencies are an appropriate representation of the five individual samples. The stochastic frontier results indicate that output can be explained by land, labour and machinery and that efficiency cab be affected by labour quality, age and education of the farmer, location, the percentage of non-bearing vines and expenditures on electricity for irrigation. These data is sufficiently...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25522

The impact of non-farm income on the investment in agriculture: evidence from Hungary and Slovenia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre; Latruffe,   Laure.
The article investigates the impact of non-farm income on the investment for Hungarian and Slovenian farms using FADN panel data for the years 2004-2008 and different econometric estimation approaches. We find that non-farm income is more important for Slovenian farms than for Hungarian farms. Farm gross investment is positively associated with real sales growth and cash flow implying the absence of soft budget constraint. Gross farm investment is negatively associated with non-farm income, but positively associated with investment subsidies. Specific results by country are found depending on growing vs. declining real sales and on farm indebtedness.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income; Farm investment; Soft budget constraint; Panel data analysis; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D81; D92; O12; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95318

Incorporating Environmentally Compliant Manure Nutrient Disposal Costs into Least-Cost Livestock Ration Formulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hadrich,   Joleen C.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Black,   J. Roy; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Livestock rations are formulated to minimize feed cost subject to nutritional requirements for a target performance level, which ignores the potentially substantial cost of disposing of nutrients fed in excess of nutritional requirements. We incorporate nutrient disposal costs into a modified least-cost ration formulation model to arrive at a joint least-cost decision that minimizes the sum of feed and net nutrient disposal costs. The method is demonstrated with phosphorus disposal costs on a representative dairy farm. Herd size, land availability and proximity, crop rotation, and initial soil phosphorus content are shown to be important in determining phosphorus disposal costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental compliance; Linear programming; Livestock rations; Manure disposal; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45525

Changing Attitudes: Does Personal Experience Matter? A Structural Equilibrium Equation Modeling Approach with Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tutkun,   Aysel.
Conversion to particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS) is one of the programs for which Swiss farmers receive direct payments from the government. This conversion to PAFS is analysed within a structural equation model in order to 1) review the link between intention to convert and observed conversion behavior, 2) prove the influence of personal experience on changing attitudes and norms, after having converted. The behavior model encompasses three theoretical constructs which influence the Behaviour: Attitude  toward PAFS and Subjective Norm  regarding PAFS, which both affect Intention  to perform PAFS. Lastly, Intention  influences the Behavior, i.e. observed conversion to PAFS. These variables are available for two time points, so one can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Subjective norm; Personal experience; Observed behavior; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling; Theory of reasoned action; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; C8; D1; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7971

Traps and Thresholds in Pastoralist Mobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toth,   Russell.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asset poverty traps; Pastoralism; Semiparametric estimation; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; O12; Q12; O13; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61336

POTENTIAL CHALLENGES FOR BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beginning Farmer and Rancher; Farm Finances; Access to Farmland; Government Farm Programs; Off-farm Income; Age of Farm Operator; Farm Management; Q12; Q14; Q14; Q18; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109475

Determinants of Profit Efficiency Among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Nigeria: A Profit Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolawole,   Ogundari.
This study employs a stochastic frontier approach to examine profit efficiency of small scale rice farmers in Nigeria using farm-level survey data collected from 200 farmers in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and standard profit function. The result shows that about 60 percent of potential profit is gain due to production efficiency while the remaining can be attributed to both technical and allocative inefficiencies in the study area. Also, the result further revealed that age, educational level, farming experience and household size positively affected profit efficiency. These variables are thus important in policy formulation by government.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Profit efficiency; Small-scale; Farmers; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C8; C21; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25238

Non-Farm Diversification Decisions of Rural Households in Macedonia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mollers,   Judith; Heidhues,   Franz; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
The non-farm sector is crucial to rural households in transition economies since it offers employment, reduces urban migration and can contribute to poverty reduction, economic growth and a more equal income distribution. This study on diversification decisions and rural incomes reviews evidence from a household survey in Macedonia. It looks at non-farm diversification dynamics and analyses income portfolios and driving forces of diversification decisions. The results confirm that non-farm employment and diversified income portfolios are outstanding features of rural households in Macedonia, where unfavourable economic conditions and insufficient farm incomes have driven farm households to open up income sources in the non-farm sector. Further adaptations...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification strategies; Non-farm employment; Rural development; Macedonia; Consumer/Household Economics; D1; O18; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25402

Entwicklungsperspektiven der Milchproduktion in verschiedenen Regionen Niedersachsens - ein agri benchmark dairy-Projekt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lassen,   Birthe J.; Busch,   Gesa.
Zusammenfassung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, für verschiedene Regionen in Niedersachsen die kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Entwicklungen der Milchproduktion unter Berücksichtigung regionaler Besonderheiten abzuschätzen. Grundlage sind neben sieben Expertenpanels in ausgewählten Regionen auch betriebsindividuelle Befragungen in 10 Regionen in Niedersachsen. Es werden Schlussfolgerungen über die künftige Standortorientierung der Milchproduktion innerhalb Niedersachsens abgeleitet und Anpassungsreaktionen der Milcherzeuger an begrenzende Faktoren der Milchproduktion analysiert. Die Abschaffung der kleinräumigen Quotenhandelsgebiete hat Produktionsverlagerungen über Ländergrenzen hinweg ermöglicht. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob Niedersachsen...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Milchproduktion; Milchquote; Regionale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Dairy production; Milk quota; Regional competitiveness of dairy production; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q11; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108258

An Economic Analysis of No-Till Rotations and Effects on Carbon Sequestration and Long Term Sustainability of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janssen,   Larry; Harer,   Justin.
This study summarizes key economic results from 100 different no-till (NT) crop rotations and a conventional (CT) corn-soybean rotation based on agronomic data from Brookings County, South Dakota for 2001 -2008. A 1200 acre model crop farm was constructed to conduct the farm management budget and simulation analyses. Results indicate: (1) the CT rotation had the highest average net returns, (2) Several four-crop no-till rotations were preferred as producer risk aversion increased, and (3) carbon credit payments would need to be $14 to $36 per acre for the top four NT rotations to be as profitable as the CT rotation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: No-till crop systems; Stochastic simulation; Carbon Credit Payments; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61176

Bio-economic modelling of decisions under yield and price risk for suckler cow farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briner,   Simon; Finger,   Robert.
Applying a bio-economic whole farm model we assess the impact of price and weather risk as well as different risk management strategies on the variability of the income in Swiss suckler cow production. We consider different on-farm risk management strategies such as the flexible adjustment of herd size, fodder composition and feed stocks, as well as an income insurance. Our results show that without any risk-management income variability is rather high, with coefficient of variation (CV) of income ranging from 26% to 31%. Taking on-farm risk management strategies into account it is possible to reduce income variability significantly (CV 12-15%), but causes only low reductions of mean income levels. Our results also indicate that income insurance is not...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Weather risk; Bio-economic whole farm model; Suckler cow; Income insurance; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122547

China's New Rural Income Support Policy: Impact on Grain Production and Rural Income Inequality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heerink,   Nico; Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Xiaoping,   Shi.
The impact of China's new rural income support policy and recent price trends on grain production and rural income inequality is assessed for two villages with different degrees of market access in Northeast Jiangxi Province. Two village-level general equilibrium models are used to analyze household decision making and interactions between households within these villages. Parameter estimation and model calibration is based on data collected during an extensive survey held in these villages in the year 2000. The household classification used in these models allows us to draw conclusions that are relevant for many other villages and regions in China. Simulation results show that the income support policy does not reach its goal of promoting grain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income policy; Grain production; Income inequality; Villages; CGE model; China; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; O20; Q12; R15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25625

BUCHBESPRECHUNG: BECKMANN, V. (2000): TRANSAKTIONSKOSTEN UND INSTITUTIONELLE WAHL IN DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT : ZWISCHEN MARKT, HIERARCHIE UND KOOPERATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingarten,   Peter.
This paper reviews the publication by BECKMANN, V. (2000): Transaktionskosten und institutionelle Wahl in der Landwirtschaft : Zwischen Markt, Hierarchie und Kooperation [Transaction costs and institutional choice in agriculture : Between market, hierarchy and co-operation].
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction cost; Institution; Farm organisation; Agriculture; Labour organisation; Farm Management; L14; Q12; C25.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14933

ANALYSES OF ORGANIZATION AND MILK PRODUCTION ECONOMICS ON FARMS IN MONTENEGRO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cetkovic,   Jasmina; Despotovic,   Aleksandra; Cimbaljevic,   Miroslav.
Original scientific paper
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Milk production; Organizational-economic aspects; Production volume; Economics; Profitability; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; D13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123955

Understanding Vulnerability to Food Insecurity Lessons from Vulnerable Livelihood Profiling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lovendal,   Christian Romer; Knowles,   Marco; Horii,   Naoko.
The Food Security and Agricultural Projects Analysis Unit (ESAF) of FAO has undertaken a number of pilot studies to develop a methodology for understanding why certain groups of people are vulnerable to becoming food insecure.  The studies use the sustainable livelihoods approach adopted for food security analysis and are primarily based on qualitative information collection.  The objective of these studies is to inform policy and programming decisions for reducing vulnerability to food insecurity.  Drawing from these experiences and those of other FAO units involved in similar work, this paper identifies key lessons learnt and makes recommendations for strengthening future work on food security and vulnerability analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vulnerability; Vulnerable groups; Food security; Livelihoods; FIVIMS; Food Security and Poverty; Q12; R20; O20.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23794

Factors Affecting Adoption of Cow-Calf Production Practices in Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clement E.; Vestal,   Mallory K.; Doye,   Damona G.; Lalman,   David L.
Most technology adoption research has focused on crops. Primary data were used to determine differences in management practices among two groups of Oklahoma cow-calf producers based on herd size and cattle income dependence. Significant differences were noted between two groups of producers (smaller operations with less dependence on cattle versus larger with more dependence on cattle) in 79% of the management practices examined. Logit models determined factors influencing the probability of adopting 17 recommended practices. Important factors included the firm goal to choose practices that reduce labor, income dependence on cattle, human capital, and size of operation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle; Cow-calf; Livestock; Management practices; Technology adoption; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47263

THE 'MILK QUOTAS RENT PUZZLE' IN THE EU: ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE, REVIEW, AND POLICY RELEVANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Tonini,   Axel.
In the so-called Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 'Health Check' the European Commission has recently proposed gradual transitional measures to allow a 'soft landing' of the milk sector to quota expiry. The aim of this paper is to support policy makers to get better insights in the implications of some of the most important economic assumptions and empirical choices made in partial equilibrium models focusing on dairy. Three partial equilibrium models are considered: the Agricultural Member states MODeling (AGMEMOD) model, the Common Agricultural Policy SIMulation (CAPSIM) model, and the European Dairy Industry Model (EDIM). The paper analyzes how the most important economic supply components, as they are part of the three key dairy models, affect milk...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Milk quota rents; Supply response; Shifters; Dairy policy; Equilibrium models.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C02; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44796

Evaluation of an index-based risk management contract for agricultural activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weynants,   Stephanie; Gaspart,   Frederic; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
This paper proposes and evaluates area index-based financial contracts for specific farm activities. These financial contracts allow not only for removing moral hazard and adverse selection as index insurances do, but also for adding more flexibility and, hence, better risk protection. The evaluation of these financial contracts uses FADN farm data of Belgium from 1990 to 2007. Area indexes based on yield and yield-in-value perform well in stabilising revenues from some farm activities, but badly  from some others. The variation in the estimated actuarially fair premiums across agricultural area shows the importance of designing those financial contracts according to homogenous agricultural area.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural risk management; Index insurance; Financial contract; Belgium; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122483

EMBEDDED INSTITUTIONS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF LARGE FARMS IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koester,   Ulrich; Petrick,   Martin.
Differences in farm structures between Russia and western market economies can hardly be made consistent with the neoclassical textbook idea of a technologically determined farm size operating in a perfect market environment. The main aim of the paper is to identify embedded institutions that provide an explanation for the persistent differences. It is shown that these institutions vary widely across countries. We argue that the historical contingency of a patrimonial society that is both hierarchical and egalitarian also has an important bearing on the current persistence of large farming structures in Russia. The cultural beliefs based on this contingency explain the relative absence of entrepreneurial attitude in the rural society, the lack of trust in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Embedded institutions; Agricultural transition; Farm restructuring; Agroholdings; Russia.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; P32; P52; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94720

How Much Can We Learn About Producers' Utility Functions from Their Production Data?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.
A thought experiment is designed to investigate whether the structure of risk aversion (i.e., the changes in absolute or relative risk aversion associated with changes in wealth) can be estimated with reasonable precision from agricultural production data.  Findings strongly suggest that typical production data are unlikely to allow identification of the structure of risk aversion.  A flexible utility parameterization is found to slightly worsen technology parameter estimates.  Results also indicate that even under a restricted utility specification, utility parameter estimates are biased.  Further, their quality is much worse when shocks are not large or samples are small.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Risk preferences; Production analysis; Risk attitudes; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C13; D24; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119534

U.S. Small Farms: Decline and Persistence?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacDonald,   James M.; Hoppe,   Robert A.; Korb,   Penelope J.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.
We use two comprehensive and representative USDA databases to assess the performance of small farms in the U.S. Farm production is shifting to much larger farms, and the number of small commercial farms is declining. Most large U.S. farms remain family-owned and operated enterprises, and most remain small businesses by U.S. standards. Small commercial farms tend to focus on three commodities: beef cattle, grains and oilseeds, and poultry. On average, large farm financial returns substantially exceed those on small farms, but the range of performance among small farms is quite wide. About one quarter of the nearly 800,000 small commercial farms show very good financial returns.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small farms; Structural change; Farm income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52870

A Model of Producer Incentives for Livestock Disease Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram; Lubowski,   Ruben N.
We examine the management of livestock diseases from the producers' perspective, incorporating information and incentive asymmetries between producers and regulators. Using a dynamic model, we examine responses to different policy options including indemnity payments, subsidies to report at-risk animals, monitoring, and regulatory approaches to decreasing infection risks when perverse incentives and multiple policies interact. This conceptual analysis illustrates the importance of designing efficient combinations of regulatory and incentive-based policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Asymmetric information; Reporting; Indemnities; Risk management; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D82; Q12; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15653

Farmer Willingness to Supply Poultry Litter for Energy Conversion and to Invest in an Energy Conversion Cooperative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Bazen,   Ernest F.; Menard,   R. Jamey; English,   Burton C.
Conversion of poultry litter to energy can serve as a renewable energy source and provide an alternative to land application in areas where poultry production is intensive. Economies of size may limit a farmer’s ability to economically use on-farm conversion. Capital costs can be spread across several poultry farmers to convert poultry litter to energy in a centralized facility. This research determined influences on the amount of litter poultry producers will to sell to a centralized conversion facility, on their willingness to invest in a conversion cooperative, and on the prices for litter required to divert litter from current uses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poultry litter; Supply; Renewable energy; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57156

Transformations of agricultural extension services in the EU: Towards a lack of adequate knowledge for small-scale farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labarthe,   Pierre; Laurent,   Catherine E.
This paper examines the consequences of the transformations of extension services for small scale farms. It presents the results of investigations embedded in regulation theory, which combine a comparative institutional analysis, statistical data processing (national agricultural census) and direct surveys. We describe the transformations in the EU and show that they make it more difficult for small farms to access extension services and to benefit from “front office” support (i.e. direct advice from extensionists). Finally, we emphasize that due to the modification of the knowledge production regime, these small farms may also suffer new specific adverse effects resulting from the re-organization of the "back-office" R&amp;D activities of these extension...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural extension services; Small-scale farms; Institutional Analysis; Europe; Knowledge; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q12; B52; P51; D83.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52859

Location Preference for Risk-Averse Dutch Dairy Farmers Immigrating to the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Herbst,   Brian K.; Duncan,   Anthony; den Besten,   Mark; van Hoven,   Peter.
Increased environmental regulations and a milk quota that restricts growth have increased the interest in immigration to the United States by Dutch dairy farmers.  A risk-based economic analysis of 23 representative U.S. dairy farms versus a representative Dutch farm shows that risk-averse Dutch dairy farmers would prefer to liquidate their dairy farms and invest in a large dairy in Idaho or north Texas.  The risk ranking suggested that continuing to farm in the Netherlands rather than immigrating to the United States is preferred over only two of the 23 U.S. representative farms analyzed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy relocation; Production economics; Ranking risky alternatives; Risk analysis; F21; F22; Q12; Q14; E37; D81.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37061

Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Z.; Guan,   Zhengfei; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Black,   J. Roy.
Major Findings: The additional maize produced from a given amount of fertilizer applied varied widely across households even after largely controlling for soil and rainfall conditions. The median estimated response rate was 15.9kgs of maize per kg nitrogen applied; Under the range of conditions and smallholder management practices, average maize fertilizer response rates declined as the application rate increased beyond 2 bags of urea and 2 bags of D compound; Factors raising the response rate and profitability of fertilizer use included timely availability, application rates less than the MOA 4x4 recommendation, use of animal draft power in land preparation, and use of hybrid seed. In remote areas, and given current management practices, fertilizer use...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Zambia; Fertilizer; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54639

Dairy Farm Management Business Summary New York State 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason; Murray,   Daniel; Moag,   Rella.
Business and financial records for 2007 from 250 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 358 cows per farm and 22,983 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121575

Impact of Program Payments on Time Allocation and Farm Household Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dewbre,   Joe; Mishra,   Ashok K.
Using a model farm household resource allocation and data from the USDA-ERS Agricultural Resources Management Survey (ARMS), this study compares the effects of various categories of farm program payments on time allocation by farm operators and spouses. Results suggest that agricultural market transition payments (AMTA) increase leisure hours of both farm operators and spouses. Loan deficiency payments (LDP) and payments that combine market loan assistance (MLA) and disaster payments are shown to reduce leisure. The study also finds that AMTA payments exhibit a much higher degree of income transfer efficiency than the LDP and MLA payments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Decoupled payments; Government programs; Income transfer efficiency; Time allocation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; D13; J22; Q12; Q22.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6296

Interregionale und internationale Verflechtung  der Ferkelversorgung in Deutschland – Berechnung regionaler Versorgungsbilanzen und Kalkulation  der Produktionskosten für Ferkel im interregionalen sowie internationalen Vergleich
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Zusammenfassung:  Ziel dieser Studie über die Verflechtung der Ferkelversorgung ist es zum einen quantitativ darzustellen, welche Bedeutung interregionale und internationale Ferkellieferungen für die Schweinemast in Deutschland haben. Zum anderen sollen durch einen Vergleich der Produktionskosten und ihrer Bestimmungsgründe einige Ursachen für Wettbewerbsvorteile und Wettbewerbsnachteile im Bereich der Produktion identifiziert werden. Die Bedeutung der interregionalen und internationalen Ferkellieferungen ist aus Bilanzrechnungen zur Ferkelversorgung in den Bundesländern zu entnehmen. Sie zeigen, dass die süddeutschen Ferkelerzeuger bei der Belieferung der nordwestdeutschen Veredelungsregionen Marktanteile an die Konkurrenten in den ostdeutschen Ländern...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ferkelerzeugung; Versorgungsbilanz; Ferkeltransport; Internationaler Kostenvergleich; Piglet production; Supply balance sheet; Piglet transport; International comparison of costs; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102498

FORCES AFFECTING CHANGE IN CROP PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bechdol,   Elizabeth; Gray,   Allan W.; Gloy,   Brent A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Competitiveness; Crop Production; Agricultural Biotechnology; Agricultural Sustainability; Agricultural Inputs; Agricultural Profitability; Crop Production/Industries; Q10; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100787

Analysis of the Adoption of Irrigation Technologies Under Uncertain Water Availability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escribano,   Maria Jesus; Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier.
This paper analyses the adoption process of water-conserving irrigation technologies by a risk averse farmer in a context of uncertain water availability. Firstly, it is analytically shown that the increase in water efficiency that the new technology allows results in a decrease in the cost of the effective irrigation water applied, as well as in an increase in both effective water applied and crop production. It is also concluded that the optimal amount of irrigation water applied depends on individual risk preferences of the producer, on the variance and asymmetry of the cost of water applied, and on the elasticity of the marginal productivity of the effective water applied. Lastly, it is theoretically shown that an increase in the level of uncertainty...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation technology; Adoption; Risk; Water availability; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q12; D81.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24672

Health Insurance and Joint Off‐Farm Labor Allocation Decisions of Farm Families
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Antoni,   Jeremy M.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
Contact author to request a copy of this paper.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health insurance coverage; Endogeneity; Copula; Off-farm labor supply; Dependence; Bivariate tobit; Coupled farm programs payments; Decoupled farm program payments; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; C34; I13; J12; J22; J38; J43; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119646

Calculo del valor de la cuota lactea en las explotaciones de leche gallegas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dominguez,   Jose Carlos De Miguel; Vidal,   Tomas Perez; Gonzalez,   Xose Anton Rodriguez.
RESUMEN: El nivel de cuota láctea por explotación y la transferencia de cuota entre las distintas explotaciones juegan un papel principal en la reestructuración del sector productor de leche en España. En este trabajo se estiman el valor de una unidad de cuota, de su valor de capitalización en el horizonte del año 2006 y la concreción de algunos determinantes de dicho valor. El estudio se realiza utilizando los datos de 32 explotaciones de leche gallegas para el periodo 1990-1999, y como resultado del mismo se deducen conclusiones de interés en cuanto al funcionamiento del mercado de la cuota y a la política de gestión de las mismas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Producción de leche, función de costes, valor de la cuota  SUMMARY: The level of milk quota for farm and the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Milk production; Cost function; Quota value.; Demand and Price Analysis; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28750

Using Distance Education in Extension Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Rodney D.; Goheen,   Alicia; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.; Kastens,   Terry L.; Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent.
This paper provides an overview of the development of the Management Analysis and Strategic Thinking (MAST) program conducted by Kansas State University. This intensive management training course for progressive farm and agribusiness operators is being delivered successfully using a combination of face-to-face and distance extension delivery techniques. We find that some parts of the program are best delivered face to face and other parts are best delivered via distance. Of participants surveyed, 94% would recommend the MAST program to their peers, and 100% believe the program will have a positive impact on their businesses' bottom line.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Distance learning; Education; Extension; Management; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A20; A29; Q16; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6559

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Breeding Technologies in U.S. Hog Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Davis,   Christopher G.; Rahelizatovo,   Noro C.
An important aspect of structural change in the U.S. hog industry has been the adoption of breeding technology. The adoption of each of four breeding technologies, weekly farrowing, intensive breeding, terminal crossbreeding, and artificial insemination, in U.S. hog production is analyzed using multivariate probit analysis. Results suggest that diversification, whether the producer raised breeding stock, debt and asset levels, and producer’s education influence adoption rate. Larger, more risk-averse producers were more likely to adopt technology. Producers who rated the quality of labor available as higher were more likely to adopt management-intensive technologies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Hog industry; Multivariate probit; Technology adoption; N51; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42898

ZUR WETTBEWERBSFAHIGKEIT DER OSTDEUTSCHEN LANDWIRTSCHAFT - EINE EFFIZIENZANALYSE LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHER UNTERNEHMEN SACHSEN-ANHALTS UND DER TSCHECHISCHEN REPUBLIK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rothe,   Andrea; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF EAST GERMAN AGRICULTURE – AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FARMS IN SAXONY-ANHALT AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC  The main focus of this Discussion Paper the analysis of the efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Sachsen-Anhalt and the Czech Republic. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis, a nonparametric, based on linear programming approach of efficiency measurement the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of agricultural enterprises on verge of the eastern enlargement has been analysed. The object was to identify significant differences between enterprises of various legal forms, specialisation and farm size, to draw conclusions to the competitiveness of the agricultural sector of Eastern Germany. It has appeared, that there occurred...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Productivity; Transition; Data Envelopment Analysis; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14868

Measuring the Efficiency Effect of Banning Anti-Microbial Growth Promoters: The Case of Danish Pig Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lawson,   Lartey Godwin; Sauer,   Johannes; Jensen,   Peter V.; Jensen,   Helen H.
This study examines the effect of banning antimicrobial growth promoters on efficiency in the production of weaned and slaughter (finishing) pigs. We focus on the reaction of producers and production efficiency. We evaluate the estimated output and input shadow prices relative to market prices to analyse producer reactions and capture the impact on production efficiency by evaluating the effects of the ban changes on total factor productivity. To this end we model a multi product shadow profit function and incorporate output and input related shadow prices by using a second order flexible functional form. The development in total factor productivity is subsequently measured by calculating the Malmquist index on the farm level. To make infer-ences on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal health economics; Food economics; Shadow prices; Efficiency; Antimicrobial growth promoters; Pig production; Livestock Production/Industries; Q1; Q11; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9995

Determinants of Farmers' Resilience towards ENSO-Related Drought: Evidence from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred; Wida,   Anastasia; Sanim,   Bunasor; Birner,   Regina.
Crop production in the tropics is subject to considerable climate variability caused by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. In Southeast Asia, El Niño causes comparatively dry conditions leading to substantial declines of crop yields. In concert with global warming, the frequency and severity of the phenomenon are likely to increase during the 21st century. Little is known about the impact of ENSO-related drought on the welfare of farm households in developing countries. This paper seeks to contribute to closing this knowledge gap with a case study from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its objective is to measure household resilience towards drought periods and identify its influencing factors to deduce policy implications. Using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: ENSO; Drought resilience; Risk management; Technical efficiency; Indonesia; Farm Management; Q54; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25592

Valuing Transgenic Cotton Technologies Using a Risk/Return Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   Kelly J.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.; Nichols,   Robert L.; Greene,   Jeremy K.; Tingle,   Christopher H.; Studebaker,   Glenn E.; Bourland,   Fred M.; Capps,   Charles D.; Groves,   Frank E.
Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) is used to rank transgenic cotton technology groups and place an upper and lower bound on their value. Yield and production data from replicated plot experiments are used to build cumulative distribution functions of returns for nontransgenic, Roundup Ready, Bollgard, and stacked gene cotton cultivars. Analysis of Arkansas data indicated that the stacked gene and Roundup Ready technologies would be preferred by a large number of risk neutral and risk averse producers as long as the costs of the technology and seed are below the lower bounds calculated in this manuscript.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Financial risk; Market value; SERF; Transgenic; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47257

Contract and Exit Decisions in Finisher Hog Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Fengxia; Hennessy,   David A.; Jensen,   Helen H.
Finisher hog production in North America has seen a shift toward larger production units and contract-organized production since circa 1990. Given the efficiency gains and conversion costs associated with contract production, growers may have to choose between long term commitment through investments and atrophy with intent to exit in the intermediate term. A model is developed to show that growers with any of three efficiency attributes (lower innate hazard of exit, variable costs, or fixed contract adoption costs) are not only more likely to contract but will also produce more and expend more on lowering business survival risks. Using the 2004 U.S. Agricultural Resource Management Survey for hogs, a recursive bivariate probit model is estimated in which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural industrialization; Hog production; Occupation choice; Production contracts; Recursive bivariate probit; Relationship-specific investments; Sector dynamics.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; D23; Q12; J26; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49343

Estrategias para incrementar la participación en programas agroambientales: el papel del capital social
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreiro-Hurlé,   Jesús; Espinosa-Goded,   Maria; Dupraz,   Pierre.
El carácter voluntario de los programas agroambientales hace que su éxito dependa del grado de aceptación por parte de los agricultores. La decisión de participación es compleja, ya que está condicionada por una gran variedad de factores. Este estudio amplía el análisis de la elección de la mejor alternativa de gestión para una explotación agraria en presencia de programas agroambientales analizando de manera explícita el papel que juega el capital social. Los resultados señalan la importancia de este concepto, tanto en medidas con escasos requisitos de cambio como en medidas más exigentes para los agricultores.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Programas agroambientales; Adopción; Capital social; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q58; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57284

Are Italian farming households actually poorer than other non agricultural households? An empirical analysis.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rocchi,   Benedetto; Stefani,   Gianluca; Romano,   Donato; Landi,   Chiara.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income distribution; Agricultural households; Farm Problem; Italy; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; I32.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124128

Rapid Reconnaissance of Coarse Grain Production and Marketing in the CMDT zone of southern Mali: field work report of the IER-CSA-PROMISAM team December 13-19, 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
This report presents principal findings of a rapid reconnaissance undertaken in December, 2009 as preparation for more detailed marketing studies to be undertaken in the context of PROMISAM II’s applied research program on promoting food security in Mali. The objective of the reconnaissance was to explore changes in cereal production and marketing patterns as an input to the design of a forthcoming study of changes in the structure, conduct and performance of the coarse grain sector in Mali. To facilitate discussions with farmers and traders an interview guide was prepared. The first section of this report synthesizes the principal findings, while the annex presents detailed field notes from the study together with the interview guide.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; MALI; Food policy; Grain; Production; Marketing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Q11; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62226

ICT and Typical Products: An Analysis of Italian Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Platania,   Marco; Privitera,   Donatella.
The paper discusses the final results of research into the use and impact of ICT on a sample of firms in the Calabria region of southern Italy processing typical food products (salami, citrus fruits, oil, cheese) certified as PDO or PGI. The specific sample was chosen for two reasons: on the one hand to assess the compatibility of ICT in firms where production follows historic and territorial traditions, and on the other to test the hypothesis that the use of ICT in firms processing food products of certified quality should ideally present a greater, more significant impact. The results let us know some characteristics concerning with the introduction and usage of new technology in the examined farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Computer use; Typical Italian products; Intensity of innovation; Agricultural software use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24648

A REPRESENTATIVE FARM APPROACH TO OUTREACH WITH BEGINNING FARMERS AND RANCHERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zimmel,   Peter; Wilcox,   Lori.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beginning Farmers and Ranchers; Representative Farm; Whole Farm Analysis; Risk Management; Online Decision Support; Stochastic; Baseline; Farm Management; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q12; Q14; D81.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109477

ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFCIENCY OF THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN FOREST FARMING NICARAGUA 1998-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto.
Presented at:  UNIVERSITIES NATIONAL COUNCIL III UNVERSITY SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS 41 ANNIVERSARY OF THE CATHOLIC FARMING LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF THE DRY TROPIC ¨UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY: A STRATEGY FOR CONFRONTING THE NATIONAL GLOBAL CHALLENGE¨ 23 SEPTEMBER 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Frontier Production; Forest Police; LSMS-ISA MECOVI; Technical efficiency; Allocative Efficiency.; Productivity Analysis; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56197

Construction and Application of an LP Farm Model with an Integrated Life Cycle Assessment for the Determination of Sustainable Milk Production Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohring,   Anke; Zimmermann,   Albert.
The increasingly stringent conditions underlying Swiss dairy production demand sustainable milk production systems that are economically optimized but also meet the ecological requirements of society.  To determine such systems, a comparative-static LP model was constructed at farm level.  Realistic production systems are reproduced in the model by means of binary variables.  An Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was integrated into the model to determine the environmental impacts of the farm.  To this effect, the internal farm influences on production are illustrated in detail.  An initial application of the model, in which a comparison of different income-optimized production systems was carried out, revealed some goal conflicts between economics and ecology....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); LP-model; Dairy production; Production system; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24714

Social Capital and Farmer Welfare in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yokoyama,   Shigeki; Ali,   Abu Kasim.
Effects of social capital (SC hereinafter) on household welfare (rice yield, income, health) were examined in rice granary area of south peninsula Malaysia. SC is categorized into eight types by its form (structural and cognitive) and function (birding, linking, and bracing). OLS is used for estimation on randomly selected 60 household data. As for self-rated health status, those attending more community activity (bonding structural SC) appear less healthy, seemingly that old farmers normally have more time to spend on community activities and they are more loyal to their organization. Those who highly evaluate bureaucratic organization (linking cognitive SC) are relatively healthier. Frequency of attending community activities (bonding structural SC) and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; I3; O13; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25323

Farm Productivity and Household Market Participation: Evidence from LSMS Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rios,   Ana R.; Shively,   Gerald E.; Masters,   William A.
We analyze the correlation between farm productivity and market participation using comparable household data from Tanzania, Vietnam and Guatemala. Each farm’s input use and output levels provide a within-sample measure of relative productivity, which we relate to that household’s level of participation in local markets using a wide range of agricultural, demographic and infrastructural variables as controls and as instruments in two-stage regressions.  Results indicate that, controlling for differences in market access and the underlying determinants of market participation, households with higher productivity have greater participation in agricultural markets. In contrast, households with greater rates of market participation do not consistently...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Productivity; Multi-country sample; Household surveys; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51031

Risk-Increasing and Risk-Reducing Practices in Human Resource Management: Focus Group Discussions with Livestock Managers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera; Olynk,   Nicole J.
Historically, managers in livestock production have focused on production management; however, as operations have grown they have spent more time managing employees. Increased time spent overseeing employees brings additional risks and challenges, and, hence, a greater need for human resource management (HRM) skills. This study investigated HRM practices in pork production and analyzed their risk attributes through six focus group discussions with managers. Results were compared to existing data from four dairy focus groups and to other research. The results have been used to develop and adapt educational workshops for managers in pork production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Focus group research method; Labor management; Personnel management; Qualitative research; Risk management; Risk perception; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; B49; M12; M50; M52; M53; M54; M59; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45518

Estimate of the Potential Adoption of Genetically Modified Cotton by Farmers in Southern Spain and its Economic Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez-Barbero,   Manuel; Rodgriguez-Cerezo,   Emilio.
This paper analyses the potential adoption and economic on-farm impact of Bt cotton in the Andalusia region (southern Spain). Survey data have shown that, on average, 58% of the responding farmers know about genetically modified (GM) cotton. Another outcome of the survey is that 95% of the farmers declaring that they know about GM cotton would be willing to grow Bt cotton. In the main cotton-producing districts, farmers' attitudes are positive, and they would be willing to adopt the technology. In areas where the crop is more important, the farmers who are willing to adopt Bt cotton represent over 75% of the area under cotton. As regards the on-farm economic impact resulting from a potential adoption, the assessment is that savings on the cost of direct...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cotton; Economic impact; Andalusia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q16; Q20; Q12; O52.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24556

Do Antibiotics Reduce Production Risk for U.S. Pork Producers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xuanli; Miller,   Gay Y.; McNamara,   Paul E.
We combine econometric and financial analyses of the NAHMS 2000 Swine Survey data to examine whether evidence exists for reducing risk by using antibiotics for growth promotion (AGP) in the U.S. swine industry. A stochastic dominance analysis of alternative lengths of time (days) of AGP application reveals that AGP used in the range of 65—75 days is preferred by risk-averse producers. Risk is reduced and profits are increased from use of AGP. The combined impacts of increased average daily gain and decreased variability in pig live weight increase producer profits by $2.99 per pig marketed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Growth promotion; Pigs; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Variability; D21; D61; D81; Q12; R32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42785

Evaluacion de alternativas de desacoplamiento total de ayudas COP: el caso de la agricultura de regadio en el valle del Guadalquivir
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arriaza Balmón,   Manuel; Avilés,   Pedro Ruiz; Gomez-Limon,   Jose Antonio.
RESUMEN El presente artículo compara la reforma de la PAC aprobada en junio de 2003 con un hipotético escenario de mayor liberalización en el que se permite la substitución de cultivos COP (cereales, oleaginosas y proteaginosas) por cultivos hortícolas y/o patatas. La simulación se lleva a cabo mediante el cálculo de una función de utilidad multiatributo para cada grupo homogéneo de agricultores: tres grupos en cada una de las tres comunidades de regantes. El método de cálculo de las funciones de utilidad no requiere ninguna interacción con el centro decisor. La validación de los modelos confirma la validez de esta metodología para la simulación de las decisiones de cultivo de estos productores. Los resultados sugieren que con el sistema alternativo...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAP; Multicriteria Decision Making; Utility function; Decoupled subsidy; Q12; Q18; C61; Q15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28799

BUSINESS SUMMARY NEW YORK STATE 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2002 from 219 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 297 cows per farm and 22,312 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122110

Funciones de producción y eficiencia técnica en el eje cafetero colombiano: una aproximación con frontera estocástica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perdomo,   Jorge-Andres; Hueth,   Darrell L.
Este estudio estimó la forma funcional de producción cafetera en Colombia mediante fronteras estocásticas (FEP). Con esto, se analizó la importancia de los principales insumos empleados en la producción de café (cantidad de hectáreas cultivadas, mano de obra utilizada, maquinaria requerida y cantidad de fertilizantes aplicados), que afectan la productividad. Igualmente, se determinó la existencia de economías a escala en productores pequeños, medianos, grandes y sector general cafetero; ubicados en Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda. Finalmente, fue evaluada la eficiencia técnica (ET) en la producción. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca que la función de producción cafetera tiene una forma funcional Translog minflex Laurent para pequeños, medianos,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Función de producción cafetera; Pequeños caficultores; Medianos caficultores; Grandes caficultores y sector general cafetero; Frontera estocástica de producción; Eficiencia técnica; Análisis de economías a escala.; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; D24; C01; C29.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100873

Determinants of the Extension of Part-time Farming--Results from a Probit Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harsche,   Johannes.
This paper presents a Probit model explaining the employment decisions of farmers located in the German State of Hesse. The model is based on a cross-section analysis including data from 74 Hessian farmers. It indicates empirically a strong impact from wages on employment decisions of farmers. It also verifies the importance of the personal type of entrepreneur for their working behaviour. Finally, we can conclude that, regarding working behaviour, farmers react to signals from the labour market conditions as well as to the structural transformation process in the agricultural sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Probit models; Part-time farming; Microeconomic household models; Employment behaviour; Labour markets; Farm Management; C25; D13; Q12; J22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24491

Economics of Management Zone Delineation in Cotton Precision Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velandia,   Margarita M.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Segarra,   Eduardo; Bronson,   Kevin.
This paper develops a management zone delineation procedure based on a spatial clustering approach and evaluates its economic impact for the case of Texas cotton production. The results show that there is potential economic value in using a spatial approach to management zone delineation, but its value critically depends on the cost of collecting soil test information needed to delineate those zones.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Management Zones; Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis; Site-Specific Nitrogen Management; Cotton Precision Agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25783

Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Behaviours in Small-Scale Dairy Farms in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Armagan,   Goksel; Ozden,   Altug.
Dairy farms are quite important to transform Turkish livestock sector into being more productive and competitive in the process of EU integration. The purpose of this study is to determine the socio economic features of dairy farms in Turkey and to determine producers’ individual and management goals in the future. In addition, farmers’ level of participation related to the attitudes, behaviors and subjective norm components are determined and an entrepreneurship index is constructed to determine the factors that influence social economic characteristics of entrepreneurship. The material of the study consists of 167 surveys obtained from Cattle Breeders Association of Turkey in 17 cities through the postal mail in 2007. A five “Likert Scale” was used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small-Scale Dairy Farms; Entrepreneur Index; Theory of Planned Behavior; Turkey; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52813

Adoption of New Seed Varieties Under Production Risk: An Application to Rice in Iran
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakhshoodeh,   Mohamad; Shajari,   S.
This paper focuses on linkage between new rice seed varieties and production risk and also factors affecting adoption of these varieties in Iran. Farm-level data were collected from a sample of 154 rice farms located in two major districts of Fars province in Southern Iran for 2001-02. The risk-premium associated with the use of seed is estimated following by analyzing a moment-based production risk approach. The results show that the risk premium increases with new seed varieties in the lack of appropriate production conditions implying that new seed varieties is a riskincreasing input and involves a higher cost of risk. However, under suitable production conditions, the cultivation of new rice varieties on average ensures greater yield and at the same...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production risk; Moments-based estimation; New seed varieties; Rice; Crop Production/Industries; D8; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25578

Calculating Costs of Pig Production  with the InterPIG Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haxsen,   Gerhard.
Summary: This working paper presents objectives, methods and the empirical basis of the international working group InterPIG. The members of the group act within an informal network as a base for a mutual exchange of data needed for a unique way to annually calculate the costs of pig production and to analyse their determinants. The working paper informs on the contributions of the members to the network, explains the method for calculating the production costs and presents results of 2006. Further, it shows how InterPIG can react to rapid price changes like the increase of the feed prices during 2007.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Zusammenfassung: Dieser Arbeitsbericht stellt Ziele, Methode und...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Piglet production; Pig fattening; Relation of costs and returns; International comparison of costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102573

Efecto de la intensificacion sobre la eficiencia de las explotaciones lecheras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez,   Antonio; del Corral,   Julio; Perez,   Jose Antonio; Solis,   Daniel.
This study analyzes the differences on production cost associated with the intensification of production for a sample of dairy farms in Asturias. In doing so, we account for two methodological issues which are not usually considered in the empirical literature. On the one hand, we allow for different technologies within the sample. On the other hand, we estimate ex ante cost functions, which use "planned output" instead of the traditional ex post approach which uses the "observed output". Our results show a positive relation between intensification and efficiency.    RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza las diferencias en costes de producción asociados con la intensificación productiva de explotaciones lecheras en Asturias. Para lograr este objetivo se han...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cluster analysis; Efficiency; Ex ante cost function; Intensification; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7996

Eficácia e evolução dos indicadores socioeconômicos de famílias beneficiadas pelo programa de combate à pobreza rural /Projeto São José no Estado do Ceará
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Silva,   Lucia Maria Ramos.
The objective of this study was to verify the evolution of economic indicators of the families, living in 27 communities, benefited by Rural Poverty Reduction Program in the state of Ceará. For this purpose, the years of 1998 (base year) and 2001 were selected. The information was obtained from the beneficiaries of projects such as water supply, rural electrification, agriculture mechanization and land reform. The results allowed to conclude that there was an improvement in living conditions, acquisition of durable goods and income level of population benefited by the Program. Also, comparison between per capita income of these families and rural population of the state was made.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Efficacy; Welfare; Ceará; Agribusiness; Q12; Q28.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61927

Farm Operator Entry and Exit Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adamson,   Dwight W.; Waugh,   Andrew.
Farm structure is experiencing a persistent change.  Since the early 1980s, US farms specializing in crops have constantly declined in number and grown in average size.  Crop production has moved to large farms at the expense of small and medium sized farms. This shift in farm structure to more concentrated production is complex.  Market forces such as technological change and changing factor input prices are likely contributors as they have been in the past.  Another factor that has generated considerable interest is the role of commodity program payments.  Commodity payments are tied to a farm’s current or historical production.  Therefore, larger farms tend to receive the greatest share of commodity program payments. However, the extent that commodity...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Operator; Entry; Exit; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; J61; J62.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124053

COMPARATIVE PRODUCER COSTS OF GAP AND GHP STANDARDS: CAN THE PLAYING FIELD BE MADE LEVEL?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paggi,   Mechel S.; Yamazaki,   Fumiko; Ribera,   Luis A.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Anciso,   Juan; Palma,   Marco A.; Noel,   Jay E.
A number of microbial contamination incidents have continued to raise questions regarding the safety of the U.S. food supply with calls for improved food safety control initiatives and standards by both the private and public sectors. As a reaction to these incidents, there have been increased efforts to enhance food safety by the government and industry groups. Increasingly, process standards are being specified that recommend or prescribe Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) standards for production, Good Handling Practices (GHP) standards for handling products, and Good Management Practices (GMP) for responsibilities in overseeing production and handling operations. A primary concern is the potential that the costs associated with implementing food safety...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Citrus; Fresh produce; And regulatory costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116406

Gewinnentwicklung  und  Betriebsaufgabe  in  der  Landwirtschaft:  Angebotseffekte,  Nachfrageeffekte  und  regionale  Heterogenität
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margarian,   Anne.
Zusammenfassung: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht in der Bestimmung der Betriebsaufgabewahrscheinlichkeit verschiedener Betriebstypen im Westen Deutschlands in Abhängigkeit von Gewinnniveau und Gewinnentwicklung. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Reaktion der Betriebe auch von der erwarteten Nachhaltigkeit der Gewinnschwankungen sowie von der Betroffenheit anderer Betriebe abhängt. Es wird deshalb auch erwartet, dass die Betriebe in Abhängigkeit vom regionalen Kontext unterschiedlich reagieren. Die Gewinnerwartung der Betriebe wird mithilfe des Testbetriebsnetzes des BMELV geschätzt. Die Betriebsaufgabewahrscheinlichkeit wird in einem zweiten Schritt anhand der flächendeckenden Daten der Agrarstrukturerhebung in einem logistischen Modell für...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agrarstrukturwandel; Betriebsaufgabeentscheidung; Heterogene Effekte; Nachbarschaftseffekte; Farm structural change; Farm-exit decision; Heterogeneous effects; Neighbour-hood effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; D22; D92; L16; L23; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102643

Perpetuation of subsistence farming in Western Balkans: the role of factor market imperfections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latruffe,   Laure; Davidova,   Sophia; Desjeux,   Yann.
The paper analyses the imperfections in output and factor markets in Kosovo that act as a barrier to farm commercialisation. On the one hand, agricultural households may not have access to output market due to an underdeveloped downstream sector. On the other, local producers might not be preferred to importers as their production level is small with a variable quality due to constraints in factor markets. Data from the Agricultural Household Survey 2005 are used. A conceptual framework is developed on the basis of a household model where non-separability results from a “wedge” between purchase and sale prices due to transaction costs. The share of the output sold in the total value of output is regressed over a set of explanatory variables. A truncated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Subsistence farming; Agricultural households; Separability; Market imperfections; Kosovo; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36860

Modelling Farm Level Economic Potential for Conversion to Organic Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerselaers,   Eva; Govaerts,   Wim; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; De Cock,   Lieve; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
A farm model is developed for simulating the potential income change resulting from conversion to organic farming. The model uses conventional farm data, taken from the Belgian FADN. Given the normative character of the model, and the impossibility of calibration to historical conversion behaviour, two model variants, a rigid and a flexible, are created to broaden the analysis scope. Moreover, extra attention is paid to the verification process and sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that the economic potential for conversion is rather high, if farmers are willing to change their farm management sufficiently. Furthermore, conversion potential depends on the farm type and conventional farm characteristics. The model finally proves to be an interesting tool...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Conversion period; Farm model; Linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C61; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24732

Decision Support Systems in Australian Agriculture: State of the Art and Future Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen,   Nam C.; Wegener,   Malcolm K.; Russell,   Iean W.
This paper reports and discusses the results of a survey conducted with experts working in the field of decision support systems (DSS) in Australian agriculture. It also reviews the literature on DSS in the light of these experts' responses. The findings from this survey have consolidated our understanding of the current state of DSS in Australian agriculture. The uptake of DSS by farmers has been slow and various issues said to be contributing to this include fear of using computers, time constraints, poor marketing, complexity, lack of local relevance, lack of end-user involvement, and mismatched objectives between developers and users. The future prospect for the development of DSS was generally regarded to be poor. Never-the-less, the authors believe...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: DSS; Farmers' decision-making; Expert opinion; Management decisions; Farm Management; D7; D8; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25581

ECONOMIC SITUATION OF MOLDAVIANS FARM ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cimpoies,   Dragos; Schulze,   Eberhard.
The given Discussion Paper represents the results of a questionnaire, conducted in 2003, on basic economic questions in 104 Moldavian farm enterprises. The received results continue the cycle of research activities concerning the privatization and restructuring of farm enterprises in different countries of Central and Eastern Europe, are written on a similar structure, allowing to carry out a comparative analysis between the countries of the region. To some extent, the given paper can be regarded as a continuation of the Discussion Paper 60. As the base for the analysis "the standardized questionnaire" has been put forward, developed by IAMO, being advanced and adapted by the authors to local conditions. Study of the activity of farm enterprises of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consolidation; Land lease; Production factors; Buy-sell; Work force; Legal forms; Moldova; Konsolidierung; Verpachtung; Produktionsfaktoren; Kauf und Verkauf; Arbeitskräfte; Rechtsformen; Консолидация; Аренда; Производственные ресурсы; Купля-продажа; Трудовые ресурсы; Организационно-правовые формы; Молдова.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; С 81; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92020

Analyzing Producer Preferences for Counter-Cyclical Government Payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   J. Corey; Barnett,   Barry J.; Coble,   Keith H.
A dynamic-stochastic model is developed to evaluate preferences among alternative countercyclical payment programs for representative farms producing corn or soybeans in Iowa and cotton or soybeans in Mississippi.  Countercyclical payment programs are found to not necessarily be preferred to fixed payment programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Bootstrapping; Countercyclical payments; Nonparametric; C15; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43203

MODELING HETEROGENEITY IN PRODUCTION MODELS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL FARMING IN POLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Pieniadz,   Agata; Goraj,   Lech.
This discussion paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. Applying the model to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the inefficiency score. In addition, the reasons for inefficiency are analyzed. It is shown that despite the fragmentation of Polish agriculture, there is no evidence for scale inefficiency. Moreover, inefficiency could partly be attributed to factors, which affect the management input and requirements on farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Management.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; D24.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91733

Fed Cattle Profit Determinants Under Grid Pricing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   R. Allen; Schroeder,   Ted C.
This study determines the relative effects of price, cattle quality, and feeding performance factors on profit per head for fed cattle marketed via a grid structure.  Two different data sets of cattle that were marketed in two different grid pricing systems are used in the analysis with comparisons of results made between grids.  Grid base price and feeder cattle price are the most important determinants of profit over time in both grids.  However, considering only nonprice variables, the cumulative quality of cattle in a pen is also an important profit determinant.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding profit; Grid pricing; Robust regression; L15; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37836

Diversification strategies in small farms in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvioni,   Cristina; Esposito,   Laura; Henke,   Roberto; Rondinelli,   V.
Using the data gathered by the Business Survey on Agriculture survey on a stratified random sample of Italian farm businesses below 4 European economic size units as a case study, this paper explores the diffusion of diversification strategies among small farms. The analysis has shown that more than a half of small farms is adopting some form of diversification. Small farms are more strongly involved in pluriactivity, while their involvement in broadening and deepening strategies appears only marginal. This latter result is partly due to the underevaluation of diversification caused by the lack of detailed statistical information about diversified activities used by farms, and, partly, due to the structural characteristics of small farms. Smaller farms are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; R29; L25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53964

Rentabilidad económica de explotaciones agrarias de secano según tamaño y tipo de laboreo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrano,   Arturo; Suarez de Cepeda,   M.; Sanchez-Giron,   V.
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, desde un punto de vista económico, el efecto que supone pasar de un sistema de laboreo tradicional a uno de laboreo reducido en explotaciones cerealistas de la meseta castellana. Se utilizan datos experimentales de campo para estimar las producciones, así como un sistema de decisión experto para seleccionar el parque de maquinaria que conlleva el menor coste de utilización. La rotación de cultivos que se ha considerado ha sido trigo/leguminosa. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los rendimientos obtenidos en los tres sistemas de laboreo comparados. Los resultados económicos se muestran condicionados por el sistema de laboreo empleado y el tamaño de la explotación.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic analyses; Farm size; Rainfed crops; Tillage systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57234

Which Italian Family Farms Will Have a Successor?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corsi,   Alessandro.
The succession in family farm is a critical issue: it not only involves the transmission of wealth, but also of specific skills and of specific farm management techniques. Since a large share of farmers in Italy are old, the lack of prospective successors in their farms would imply that a change in the farm management will take place. In some cases this might lead to the abandonment of farms and to degradation of the territory. It is therefore important to explore the conditions under which a farm household can transmit the farm management within the household itself. In our paper we try to assess which are the determinants of the likely farm succession within the family and we test in a developed country the hypothesis put forward by Rosenzweig and Wolpin...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household; Succession; Farm specific knowledge; Probit model; Farm Management; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25500

Defining and Characterizing Approaches to Farm Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McBride,   William D.; Johnson,   James D.
Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify approaches to farm management based on a list of management questions posed to a sample of U.S. cash-grain farmers.  Three approaches were identified by the factor analysis:  price negotiation, long-term cost control, and input adjustment.  Estimated factor scores regressed against farm and operator characteristics indicate a profile of producers using each approach that is closely related to stage-of-life of the farm operator and farm business.  In addition to operator age and planning horizon, operator risk preference and farm organization and location were other important determinants of the approach to management.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cash-grain farms; Factor analysis; Farm management; Latent variables; Management approach; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q10; D21; C40.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43755

A Dynamic Risk Optimization Model for Evaluating Profitable and Feasible Water Management Plans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grove,   Bennie; Oosthuizen,   L.K.; Backeberg,   G.R.
Currently the South African government is advocating the cultivation of high valued crops and more efficient use of available water resources through the adoption o f more efficient irrigation technology and irrigation scheduling. A requirement of the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) is the compilation of water management plans. The main objective of this paper is to develop a multiperiod mathematical risk programming model able of assisting water user associations with the compilation of water management plans that are both profitable and feasible. Special care was taken to represent canal capacities and irrigation system application rates in the model. Risk simulation procedures are used to generate an appropriately correlated inter- and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic Linear Programming; Risk; Irrigation; Feasibility; South Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25554

Vulnerability and Risk Management among Turkmen Leaseholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glukhikh,   Rimma; Lerman,   Zvi; Schwartz,   Moshe.
High risk is inherent to agriculture in Turkmenistan, a post-socialist desert country where the political uncertainties of transition exacerbate natural unpredictability. This study examines risk coping strategies of Turkmen farmers based on a survey of 1100 respondents carried out in 2002 in all five provinces. We propose a new composite index of vulnerability, which includes human capital indicators and geographic location. The analysis relies on a single independent variable, which nevertheless incorporates the effect of criteria interactions. Using survey data, we analyze income smoothing as a mechanisms of risk management across vulnerability groups. Consistently with theoretical expectations, the most vulnerable households seem prefer a smaller, but...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Turkmenistan; Transition; Vulnerability; Income smoothing; Risk and Uncertainty; D1; J2; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25757

BAYESIAN HERDERS: ASYMMETRIC UPDATING OF RAINFALL BELIEFS IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL FORECASTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; McPeak,   John G.; Luseno,   Winnie K.
Temporal climate risk weighs heavily on many of the world's poor. Recent advances in model-based climate forecasting have expanded the range, timeliness and accuracy of forecasts available to decision-makers whose welfare depends on stochastic climate outcomes. There has consequently been considerable recent investment in improved climate forecasting for the developing world. Yet, in cultures that have long used indigenous climate forecasting methods, forecasts generated and disseminated by outsiders using unfamiliar methods may not readily gain the acceptance necessary to induce behavioral change.  The value of model-based climate forecasts depends critically on the premise that forecast recipients actually use external forecast information to update...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O1; D1; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14762

Factors Affecting Participation of Italian Farmers in Rural Development Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adinolfi,   Felice; Capitanio,   Fabian; Pascucci,   Stefano; de Magistris,   Tiziana.
In this paper a (micro)econometric approach is developed by considering the farmer likelihood to participate in different policy programs as linked to the objective of farmer to maximize their welfare. In this way we model farmers participation in policy support scheme by using a new institutional economics approach and conceptualizing the decision to entry as a contractual choice between two rural development types of policy. Different discrete choice modelling approaches are used to analyze the complementarity/ substitutability of different policy programs such as environmental-related measures and farm investment supports policy schemes and the main driving factors behind them. We use an extensive cross-sectional database related to the Italian FADN...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural development policy; Contract design; Discrete choice modelling; Italy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99418

Does “Convenience Agriculture” Affect Off‐farm Labor Allocation Decisions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Chintawar,   Sachin.
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of adoption intensity of GM crops on off‐farm labor supply by farm households. Using ARMS data in 2004, 2005 and 2006, we estimate a two stage simultaneous Tobit model and find that adoption intensity of GM crops has a negative impact on off‐farm labor supply by operators and a positive impact on off‐farm labor supply by spouse. This may be due to the comparative advantage of operators and spouses. Our results find that GM crops adoption has different but significant implications on off‐farm labor supply by operators and spouses and underscores the importance of understanding farm households’ decisions to explain behaviors of farm businesses in the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Technology Adoption; Two stage simultaneous Tobit model; GM Crops; Off‐farm labor; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61633

Rural Livelihoods: Interplay Between Farm Activities, Non-farm Activities and the Resource Base
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Meijerink,   Gerdien W.; Eaton,   Derek J.F.
A concentration of poor in rural areas has resulted in a research and policy focus on agricultural technologies and (poor) households’ impact on soil productivity. But farm households do not live of farming alone, non-farm activities play a principal role even in remote areas. With a unique household-level dataset covering seven regions in Africa and two in Asia we analyze (1) the importance of non-farm income in different geographical zones; (2) the role of geographical factors in determining access to non-farm employment; (3) the role of non-farm income in external input use and soil nitrogen balances. Distinguishing geographical zones based on the distance to urban areas we find the share of non-farm income increasing from 12 percent in the remote areas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Off-farm income; Rural development; Micro-economics; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; D1; J43; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25442

Leadership May Have Decisive Influence on Successful Transition of Production Cooperative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forgacs,   Csaba.
In Hungary increasing number of coops have gone bankruptcy or split up after meeting new legal needs because of not being competitive under market conditions after radical reforms. Others, however, could maintain previous level of farming or even increase it. Former coop members and individual farmers have also established new coops using bottom up approach. The paper discusses the importance of leadership of coops with different background which not well addressed in the literature. It took into account that old type produce coops had not only been an economic unit but a social network of people as well giving a special character to the coop. Two cases, one of an old and, one of a new coop, as success stories, were used and comparison of their development...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Transformation of coops; Leadership; Producing coops; Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Z13; Q10; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25634

Food Calorie Intake and Food Security under Grain Price Inflation: Evidence from Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Fang,   Cheng; Sanogo,   Issa; Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.
A comprehensive analysis of food demand and nutrient consumption using recent, representative household survey data from Malawi is presented. Expenditure and price elasticities have been estimated for 20 food groups using a quadratic almost ideal demand system based on 4 income groups identified by the Goldfeld-Quandt tests. Although the current boom of maize price provides an opportunity to rethink development strategies that diversify the commodity sectors, developing countries will not necessarily benefit from this change absent significant improvements in production capacities and trade infrastructures. Malawi is likely to suffer from higher commodity prices in the short-run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Goldfeld-Quandt tests; A quadratic almost ideal demand system; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; D12; O13; R21; R31; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103266

Technical efficiency improvement of rice farming in southern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiatpathomchai,   Sirirat; Schmitz,   P. Michael; Thongrak,   Sutonya.
The objective of this study is to assess the technical efficient frontier of rice farms using input-oriented data envelopment analysis. The frontier represents the minimum applicable level of efficiency of inputs given the current level of yields, technologies, and managerial ability among the farmers which can be used as a benchmark for efficiency improvement of rice farms. Two-stage DEA methodology of efficiency analysis was applied. The empirical results revealed that the technical efficiency of rice farming in southern Thailand could be improved through reduction of inputs by 8-14 % and the current output at 3.5 tons of paddy rice per ha could be maintained. In order to improve technical efficiency of rice farms in southern Thailand, our findings lead...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice farming; Technical efficiency; Southern Thailand; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50554

Sophisticated Program Planning Approaches Generate Large Benefits in High Risk Crop Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musshoff,   Oliver; Hirschauer,   Norbert.
Agricultural production relies to a great extent on biological processes in natural environments. In addition to volatile prices, it is thus heavily exposed to risks caused by the variability of natural conditions such as rainfall, temperature and pests. With a view to the apparently lacking support of risky farm production program decisions through formal planning models, the objective of this paper is to examine whether, and eventually by how much, farmers’ “intuitive” program decisions can be improved through formal statistical analyses and stochastic optimization models. In this performance comparison, we use the results of the formal planning approach that are generated in a quasi ex-ante analysis as a normative benchmark for the empirically observed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic optimization; Stochastic processes; Production risk; Program planning; Time series analysis; C1; C61; M11; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36865

Canola-Wheat Rotation versus Continuous Wheat for the Southern Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duke,   Jason C.; Epplin,   Francis M.; Vitale,   Jeffrey D.; Peeper,   Thomas F.
Crop rotations are not common in the wheat belt of the Southern Plains. After years of continuous wheat, weeds have become increasingly difficult and expensive to manage. Yield data were elicited from farmers and used to determine if canola-wheat-wheat rotations are economically competitive with continuous wheat in the region.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop rotation; Wheat; Canola; Elicited yield distributions; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46620

Could small dairy farms in Switzerland compete with their French counterparts? A metafrontier analysis during 1990-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferjani,   Ali; Latruffe,   Laure.
The objective of the paper is to investigate whether Swiss farms specialised in dairy (the prevailing production of the country), which are small in international standards, would have a survival potential if they had to compete more directly with EU farms. More specifically, we investigate whether Swiss dairy farms would be able to compete with their French counterparts (located in mountainous areas, but larger than Swiss ones) in a future made of increased globalisation and reduced borders. For this we evaluate which country, during the period 1990-2004, would have been more able to use efficiently a common hypothetical technology, and would have had a more productive (own) technology. Efficiency scores and technology ratios are calculated using the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technology gap; Data Envelopment Analysis; Dairy farming; Switzerland; France; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52828

Factors Affecting Direct and Indirect Energy Use in U.S. Corn Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musser,   Wesley N.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Daberkow,   Stan G.
The recent volatility of energy prices has numerous policy implications for agriculture. A better understanding of the factors associated with energy consumption as related to crop production management decisions and technology use may provide insight about how producers might respond to program or market incentives targeting energy use in particular, and soil and water conservation in general. Adoption of minimum tillage could reduce erosion and improved fertilizer management practices could reduce nitrogen runoff. Energy costs may be reduced with adoption of reduced tillage technology, improved drying and irrigation systems, or more careful attention to the application and timing of fertilizers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy; Fuel; Nitrogen; Farm management; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q40.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21063

¿Cómo enfrentar una geografía adversa?: el rol de los activos públicos y privados
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Torero,   Maximo.
En el Perú, país con una asombrosa diversidad ecológica, con 84 zonas climáticas y paisajes distintos, con selvas tropicales, altas cordilleras y desiertos, puede que el contexto geográfico no sea suficiente para explicar las variaciones regionales en ingresos y bienestar, pero si es muy significativo. La pregunta más importante que este trabajo trata de responder es: qué rol juegan las variables geográficas - tanto naturales como antropogénicas - al explicarse las diferencias de gasto per cápita entre las diversas regiones del Perú. Cómo han cambiado estas influencias en el tiempo, a través de qué medios han sido transmitidas, y si el acceso a los activos privados y públicos ha compensado los efectos de una geografía adversa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nivel de vida; Ingresos de hogares; Gastos de consumo; Bienestar social; Analisis regional; Crecimiento económico; Perú; Standard of living; Household income; Consumer expenditure; Social welfare; Regional analysis; Economic growth; Peru; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; D91; R11; Q12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37771

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What Do Stoves Have To Do With It?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
In Ethiopia deforestation is a major problem and many peasants have switched from fuelwood to dung for cooking and heating purposes, thereby damaging the agricultural productivity of cropland. The Ethiopian government has embarked on a two-pronged policy in an effort to stem deforestation and the degradation of agricultural lands: (i) tree planting or afforestation; (ii) dissemination of more efficient stove technologies. The motivation in here is, therefore, to examine the potential of the strategy of disseminating improved stoves in the rehabilitation of agricultural and forests lands. For empirical analysis we used a dataset on cross-section of 200 farm households from the highlands of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia. We used a two-step procedure reminiscent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Fuel-savings efficiency; Stoves; Ethiopia; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25563

The Role of Bounded Rationality in Farm Financing Decisions – First Empirical Evidence –
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musshoff,   Oliver; Hirschauer,   Norbert; Wassmuss,   Harm.
Farmers do not often change from their house bank to another bank, even if the competing banks offer better conditions. This “reluctance to switch” can be explained, on the one hand, by the transaction costs resulting from such a change of business relation. On the other hand, it may be the result of bounded rationality. The results of a survey of North German farmers show that they are indeed bounded rational borrowers. They greatly underestimate the monetary disadvantages which are caused by the higher interest rates for loans from their house bank. In other words: They do not switch bank even if their individually perceived transaction costs are already “covered” by the lower interest rates of the alternative loan offer.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financing behavior; Bounded rationality; Switching costs; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q12; G32; C91.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51545

Analysis of the Competitiveness of Cereal Production in Selected EU Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thorne,   Fiona S.
This paper examines the competitiveness of cereal production in selected EU member states, during the period 1996 – 2000. Profitability was selected as a measure of competitive performance and costs of production, value of output and partial productivity indicators were examined as possible sources (potential) of competitive performance. Using data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) the analysis showed that productivity levels in the UK, Ireland and France were consistently higher then competing countries Denmark, Germany and Italy. In terms of profitability, the opportunity cost of owned resources had a major impact on the competitiveness of cereal production within the EU. Cash costs as a percentage of total output were lowest in Italy but in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Cereal production; Profitability; Competitive performance; Competitive potential; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24613

Profitability of and Reasons for Adopting Automatic Milking Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latvala,   Terhi; Pyykkonen,   Perttu.
Adopting an automatic milking system (AMS) on a dairy farm decreases the hours spent on animal husbandry by approximately 30 per cent. When comparing a milking parlour and the AM-system, the main economic benefit clearly results from the decrease in labour costs in automatic milking. In terms of economic profitability, the net profit in AM-system remains above that of the milking parlour system. On dairy farms the main reasons for adopting automatic milking are linked to the workload and physical loading. A more flexible working time distributes the workload evenly during busy cultivation periods. More flexible leisure time is also important. Producers also want to enhance the welfare and health of the animals by increasing the milking frequency of highly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Automatic milking system; Profitability; Labour costs; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24534

On the optimal design of income support and agri-environmental regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe.
In this paper, we develop a model of regulation for a set of heterogenous farmers whose production yields to environmental externalities. The goal of the regulator is first to offer some income support depending on collective preferences towards income redistribution and second to internalize externalities. The optimal policy is constrained by the information available. We first consider the second best where the regulator is able to observe all individuals decisions in terms of inputs and individual profit, but not the individual farming labor supply. We characterized the generalized transfer in function of the desire to redistribute and the underlying characteristics of the production process. In a second step, we assume that the regulator has only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Agricultural policy; Agri-environmental policy; Income support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q12; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6246

Dynamic adjustments in the Dutch greenhouse sector due to environmental regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verreth,   Daphne M.I.; Emvalomatis,   Grigorios; Bunte,   Frank H.J.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Horticultural firms are dependent on energy to produce, while policy makers focus on reducing the use of energy and investment in energy-saving technologies. The paper aimed to asses Dutch greenhouse farmers‘ responses to policies that would affect prices of different energy inputs. The farmer’s behaviour is modelled in two steps: firms are assumed to maximize profit at given energy use level, and firms are assumed to minimize the discounted sum of energy costs. The model is estimated using farm survey data spanning the period 2001-2008. Short-run and long-run elasticities with respect to prices and investments in energy-using technology are estimated. The greenhouse sector shows a fast adjustment of energy capital towards its long-run equilibrium. This...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse horticulture; Energy; Dynamic duality; Adjustment costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; C51; C61; D92; Q12; Q18; Q48.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99364

Comparative Financial Characteristics of U.S. Farms by Type, 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Eddie C.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Ahendsen,   Bruce L.; Wailes,   Eric J.
This study presents and analyzes the mean financial characteristics of different types of crop and livestock farms in the U.S. in 2005.  The eighteen farm types are:  poultry, beef cattle, hogs, dairy, general livestock, general cash grain, wheat, corn, soybean, grain sorghum, rice, tobacco, cotton, peanut, general crop, fruits and tree nuts, vegetables, and nursery and greenhouse.  Significant, two-way statistical differences in mean farm income statement and farm balance sheet variables are highlighted.  Results provide a general indication of the comparative profitability, liquidity, solvency, and financial efficiency of different types of U. S. crop and livestock farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm type; ARMS data; Financial characteristics; Financial ratios; 2005; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics; Q12; Q14; D21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55780

Plant Species Protection Contracts: Modelling Contract Choice for Specialised Dairy Farms and Mixed Dairy Pig Fattening Farms in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peerlings,   Jack H.M.; Polman,   Nico B.P.
Proposals of the European Commission stress the future importance of agri-environmental payments within the rural development policy of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss a model for choice for plant species protection contracts in the Netherlands. The model includes transaction costs, time and the possibility of lock-in situations related to contract choice. The approach discussed is flexible because it makes it possible to introduce all kinds of technical and institutional restrictions (differences in contract design).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental contracts; Contract choice; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; L14; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24728

Effects of rural non-farm employment on economic vulnerability and income distribution of small farms in Croatia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mollers,   Judith; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
Replaced with revised version of paper 10/06/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non-farm employment; Rural poverty; Croatia; Income distribution; Agribusiness; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; P25; O15; O18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52863

Crop biodiversity repercussions of subsidized organic farming in Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nastis,   Stefanos A.; Michailidis,   Anastasios; Mattas,   Konstadinos.
This paper analyzes the impact of CAP financial assistance on crop biodiversity under uncertainty. A stochastic production function is employed and estimated to assess whether risk-averse farmers hedge risk by diversifying their portfolio of crops, thus increasing crop biodiversity. The model is applied to farm-level data of organic crop farms in Greece. Organic farming financial assistance poses a double-edged sword: even though it is considered agrobiodiversity enhancing as a cultivation method, subsidizing it can become agrobiodiversity reducing, since farmers may select to cultivate only the subsidized crops. The study shows that risk aversion leads to crop biodiversity conservation. However, providing CAP financial assistance on certain crops appears...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop biodiversity; Agroecosystem; Risk management; Agricultural assistance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q18; D80; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114628

Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Zhiying; Guan,   Zhengfei; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Black,   J. Roy.
Fertilizer use remains very low in most of Africa despite widespread agreement that much higher use rates are required for sustained agricultural productivity growth. This study estimates maize yield response functions in agro-ecological Zone IIA, a relatively high potential zone of Zambia, to determine the profitability of fertilizer use under a range of small farm conditions found within this zone. The theoretical framework used in this study incorporates agronomic principles of the crop growth process. The model distinguishes different roles of inputs and non-input factors in crop production. We estimate the effects of conventional production inputs as well as household characteristics and government programs on maize yield for households in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Maize; Fertilizer; Profitability; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54500

Farming Systems Diversification in North Konkan Region of Maharashtra — An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torane,   S.R.; Naik,   B.K.; Kulkarni,   V.S.; Talathi,   J.M.
The location-specific existing farming systems have been studied for their profitability and extent of diversification in the North Konkan region of Maharashtra. The study is based on the primary data collected from 360 farmers, as well as secondary data on agro-climatic parameters. The study area has been delineated into different clusters/sub- regions using hierarchical agglomerative method. The farming in the North Konkan region has been found highly varied in nature. The enterprises being followed and farm situations are of different nature across different clusters. The farm economy has also depicted a wide variation as per-farm income has been found to range from ` 1135 to ` 218015 across different farming systems. The most profitable farming systems...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Agricultural diversification; North Konkan region; Farm economy; SPSS; Crop diversification index; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109422

The adoption of innovative cropping systems under price and production risks: a dynamic model of crop rotation choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ridier,   Aude; Chaib,   Karim; Roussy,   Caroline.
In the paper we investigate the role played by both production and market risks on farmer’s decision to adopt long rotations (over 2 years), considered as innovative cropping systems. We build a multiperiod dynamic farm model (run under GAMS) that arbitrates each year between traditional and innovative rotations. With discrete stochastic programming, the production risk is accounted as an intra-year risk; yearly farming operations are declined according to a decision tree where probabilities are assigned. Subjective yield and cost distributions linked to this decision tree are elicited among a sample of 13 farmers that are experiencing this innovation in South-western France. The price risk is randomly distributed with a given market trend. The crop...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovative cropping systems; Dynamic model; Crop rotation decision; Risk; Subjective probabilities; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; D0; Q12; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122440

Measuring the local economic integration of farm households: Findings from two case study areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Deborah; Majewski,   Edward; Sulewski,   Piotr.
Despite the emphasis given in EU agricultural policy to the local economic benefits of a maintaining a strong agricultural sector, relatively little research has focussed on the contribution farm households make to their localities. The lack of understanding is particularly acute given ongoing changes in the agri-food chain and changes in farm structures. The paper presents findings from an analysis of the direct transactions associated with a sample of farm households drawn from two European case study areas – Podlaskie, Poland and North East Scotland, UK. The results confirm that the concept of “local” in relation to farm household transactions depends on the economic geography of the area under analysis. With the exception of off-farm work, farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Local; Spatial concentration; Farm households; Agricultural and Food Policy; R12; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99595

Cost-Effectiveness of Nutrient Management and Buffers:  Comparisons of Two Spatial Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonham,   John G.; Bosch,   Darrell J.; Pease,   James W.
Farmers and taxpayers would benefit from more cost-effective agricultural nutrient pollution control measures.  The objectives of our study are (1) to assess compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus loadings from implementation of nutrient management and riparian buffers; and (2) to estimate how the spatial scenario, which is the method of representing farms within the watershed, affects estimated compliance costs and reductions in phosphorus deliveries.  Estimated compliance costs are quite sensitive to the spatial scenario.  Buffers are more cost-effective than nutrient management under one of the two spatial scenarios, whereas nutrient management is more cost-effective under the other scenario.  Shifts to more erosive crops reduce the effectiveness...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compliance costs; Geographic information systems (GIS); Mathematical programming; Nutrient management; Phosphorus (P); Pollution abatement; Riparian buffers; Spatial analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q52.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43746

IMPACTS OF CAP REFORM ON RURAL EMPLOYMENT: A MULTIMODELING CROSS COUNTRY APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattas,   Konstadinos; Arfini,   Filippo; Midmore,   Peter; Schmitz,   P. Michael; Surry,   Yves R.
Expected impacts due to recently introduced CAP reforms can be felt beyond the agricultural sector affecting the entire regional economy. Employment levels will be affected within the farming sector and probably non-agricultural sector will feel the pinch too. Policies influencing employment levels attract the attention of the media and the public. Therefore, policy makers are more sensitive on employment issues than rural and agricultural policies as it is widely admitted that no vibrant regions in Europe can be envisioned without enhancing job opportunities. The influence of CAP reform on employment has not been thoroughly studied within a comprehensive approach, accounting for agricultural and non-agricultural effects and covering the diversity of EU...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Rural employment; I/O analysis; PMP; Qualitative analysis.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q18; R15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44801

Farmers' Post-Harvest Grain Management Choices under Liquidity Constraints and Impending Risks: Implications for Achieving Food Security Objectives in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabriel,   Abebe H.; Hundie,   Bekele.
The purpose of this paper is to explore into the relationships between farmers' post-harvest grain management practices/capacities on the one hand, and liquidity constraints and impending risks on the other, in the context of achieving food security objective at household and national levels. The findings are primarily based on a household survey data from 300 randomly selected major food grain producing peasant households in three rural districts of Ethiopia. Results indicate that farmers perceived post-harvest grain loss as an imminent risk, and that instant sales of grains after harvest are triggered by temporary but immediate liquidity preferences to meet various obligations in the absence of or limited sources of cash other than crops sales, and by an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Post-harvest; Liquidity; Risk; Grain loss; Grain sales; Price fluctuations; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25716

BUSINESS SUMMARY NEW YORK STATE 2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason; Anderson,   Jessica.
Business and financial records for 2008 from 224 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 414 cows per farm and 24,115 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121572

Should One Trust a Farmer's Succession Plan?  Empirical Evidence on the Intention-Behaviour Discrepancy from Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vare,   Minna; Weiss,   Christoph R.; Pietola,   Kyosti.
This study examines and compares farmers' succession plans and actual succession behaviour and finds that the farm operator's age and regional variables influence both.  We also find a discrepancy between intention and actual behaviour which is significantly related to the farm operator's age.  Whereas the likelihood of planned succession is overestimated significantly for younger farm operators, the opposite is observed once the farm operator's age exceeds 65 years.  Therefore, stated plans have only a negligible value in predicting the observed behaviour and farm operator's statements on the timing of succession may not provide enough information on the grounds of designing structural policies in agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Family farm succession; Intention-behaviour discrepancy; Econometric analysis; Finland; Farm Management; D92; J26; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24622

Farm Productivity and Market Structure: Evidence from Cotton Reforms in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brambilla,   Irene; Porto,   Guido G.
This paper investigates the impacts of cotton marketing reforms on farm productivity, a key element for poverty alleviation, in rural Zambia. The reforms comprised the elimination of the Zambian cotton marketing board that was in place since 1977. Following liberalization, the sector adopted an outgrower scheme, whereby firms provided extension services to farmers and sold inputs on loans that were repaid at the time of harvest. There are two distinctive phases of the reforms: a failure of the outgrower scheme, and a subsequent period of success of the scheme. Our findings indicate that the reforms led to interesting dynamics in cotton farming. During the phase of failure, farmers were pushed back into subsistence and productivity in cotton declined. With...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton marketing reforms; Farm productivity; O13; Q12; Q18; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28492

Künftige Veränderungen in der Lieferantenstruktur einer Molkerei an drei Standorten- Ergebnisse einer Befragung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolter,   Michael; Schierholz,   Friederike; Lassen,   Birthe J.
Zusammenfassung:  Der vorliegende Bericht analysiert die mittelfristigen Veränderungen der Lieferantenstruktur am Beispiel einer Molkerei mit drei unterschiedlich strukturierten Standorten in Bayern, Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt. Für die Analyse wurde zwischen Januar und März 2010 eine schriftliche Befragung unter den Milchlieferanten durchgeführt. Eine gewichtete Analyse der Befragungsergebnisse ergibt, dass im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2015 die Liefermenge am niedersächsischen Standort ansteigt, während es am Standort in Sachsen-Anhalt zu keinen signifikanten Änderungen der Liefermenge kommt. Am bayerischen Standort ist hingegen den Befragungsdaten zufolge bis 2015 mit einer leichten Abnahme der Liefermenge zu rechnen.  Die Analysen zeigen, dass die...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Milchproduktion; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Molkereiwesen; Betriebsmana­ gement; Befragung; Regionalanalyse; Dairy production; Competitiveness; Dairy processing; Farm management; Sur­vey; Regional analysis; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108285

A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurukulasuriya,   Pradeep; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This study examines the impact of climate change on cropland in Africa, using a Ricardian cross-sectional approach. Relying on farm data from an 11-country survey of over 9500 farmers, annual net revenue is regressed on climate and other variables. The study confirms that current climate affects the net revenues of farms across Africa. Applying these results to possible future climates reveals that dryland farms are especially climate sensitive. Even as early as 2020, climate change could have strong negative impacts on currently dry and hot locations. By 2100, dryland crop net revenues could rise by 51% if future warming is mild and wet but fall by 43% if future climates are hot and dry. The crop net revenues of currently irrigated farms are likely to be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Agriculture; Valuation; Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56965

Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maltsoglou,   Irini; Taniguchi,   Kiyoshi.
Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's’ and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation.   In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nepal; Livestock; Household Typologies; Poverty Reduction; Rural Livelihoods and Income Sources.; Food Security and Poverty; Q12; R20; O12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23808

Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Veterinary Services of the Livestock Owners of Sangli District of Maharashtra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Sanjay; Mirajkar,   Pallavi P.; Singh,   Y.P.; Singh,   R.
Research Notes
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Veterinary services; Livestock health care; Willingness to pay; Animal health services; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109513

INSTITUTIONS AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE: THE CASE OF FOREST AND GRAZING LANDS IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe.
Land is an essential factor of production for agriculture, horticulture, forestry as well as other land related activities. Institutions that govern its use determine the sustainability and efficient use of this essential resource. In Ethiopia all land is publicly owned. Such an institutional setting has resulted in major degradation of Ethiopia’s land resources and dissipation of the resource rent, as available forest and grazing lands are exploited in a suboptimal fashion. An alternative to current institutional setting is to assign private property institution, but this will lead to welfare costs. In this paper, we examine the welfare effects (from consumer perspective) of change in institutional setting to forest and grazing lands using a unique data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Sustainable land use; Economic welfare.; Environmental Economics and Policy; K11; Q12; Q2; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51639

Factors Influencing Farmer Adoption of Portable Computers for Site-Specific Management: A Case Study for Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walton,   Jonathan C.; Larson,   James A.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Personal digital assistants (PDA) and handheld global positioning systems (GPS) have become increasingly important in cotton production but little is known about their use. This research analyzed the adoption of PDA/handheld GPS devices in cotton production. A younger farmer who used a computer in farm management and had a positive perception of Extension had a greater likelihood of adopting the devices. In addition, farmers who used complementary remote sensing, plant mapping, and grid soil sampling information were more likely to use PDA/handheld GPS devices. Finally, the COTMAN in-field decision support program from Extension also positively impacted adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Information technology; Precision farming technology; Variable rate technology; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90671

Effects of Decoupling on the Average and the Variability of Output
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serra,   Teresa; Zilberman,   David; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Featherstone,   Allen M.
Previous research has ignored the influence of inputs on output risk when assessing the effects of decoupled income-support payments on production decisions. This paper studies the impacts of agricultural policy decoupling on output variability and mean by explicitly considering the influence of agricultural input use on the stochastic component of production. We develop a theoretical framework that studies production responses of agricultural producers to apparently decoupled payments. Results show that, under DARA preferences, government transfers will have the effect of increasing production risk. Inferences on the effects of payments on output mean are also made. In our empirical application we use farm-level data collected in Kansas to illustrate the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Output risk; Risk preferences; Just-Pope production function; Demand and Price Analysis; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24601

Hog Producers' Risk Management Attitudes and Desire for Additional Risk Management Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patrick,   George F.; Peiter,   Amy J.; Knight,   Thomas O.; Coble,   Keith H.; Baquet,   Alan E.
Hog producers in Indiana and Nebraska were surveyed about sources of risk, effectiveness of risk management strategies, and prior participation in and desire for additional risk management education.  Ownership of hogs by the producer, size of the operation, and age did have significant effects on ratings of both sources of risk and effectiveness of risk management strategies.  Probit analysis found age, prior attendance, knowledge and prior use of the tool, level of integration, and concern about price and performance risk have significant effects on interest in further education about production contracts, futures and options, packer marketing contracts, and financial management.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Financial management; Futures and options; Packer marketing contracts; Production contracts; Risk attitudes; Risk management; D81; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37110

STOCHASTIC WEALTH DYNAMICS AND RISK MANAGEMENT AMONG A POOR POPULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Desta,   Solomon; Coppock,   D. Layne.
The literature on economic growth and development has focused considerable attention on questions of risk management and the possibility of multiple equilibria associated with poverty traps. We use herd history data collected among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia to study stochastic wealth dynamics among a very poor population.  These data yield several novel findings.  Although covariate rainfall shocks plainly matter, household-specific factors, including own herd size, account for most observed variability in wealth dynamics.  Despite longstanding conventional wisdom about common property grazing lands, we find no statistical support for the tragedy of the commons hypothesis. It appears that past studies may have conflated costly self-insurance with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common property; Covariate risk; Ethiopia; Idiosyncratic risk; Poverty traps; Social insurance; Risk and Uncertainty; O1; Q12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14736

Assessing the impact of future CAP reforms on the demand of production factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Viaggi,   Davide; Ronchi,   Davide; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio; Sammeth,   Frank.
The CAP reform process has been a central issue for agricultural economics research in recent years, and is gaining further attention in view of the post-2013 perspectives. The objective of this paper is to assess ex-ante the effect of different post-2013 CAP and market scenarios on the demand of productions factors. The paper is based on the use of farm household dynamic programming models maximising the net present value with a time horizon until 2030. A representative model has been implemented for 18 different farming systems in 8 EU countries. Changes in marginal values of selected resource constraints (land, labour and capital) are used to assess the potential effect of different scenarios on farm-household demand of production factors. Results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP reform; Investment behaviour; Farm Household model; Factor markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99593

The Relevance of Information Sources on Adoption of                                                        Precision Farming Technologies by Cotton Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia-Jimenez,   Carlos I.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Velandia,   Margarita M.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Segarra,   Eduardo.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/16/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Strategic communication; Competitiveness; Extension; Economics of information; Technology diffusion; Technology supply; Communication methods; Knowledge management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D22; D80; D82; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98123

Determinants of Farm Household Income Diversification in the United States: Evidence from Farm-Level Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishra,   Ashok K.; Erickson,   Kenneth W.; Harris,   James Michael; Hallahan,   Charles B.; Uematsu,   Hiroki.
This study examines the determinants of income diversification of farm households in the United States. Farm households allocate their time between farm and off-farm activities to help stabilized household income (consumption). What characterizes those households who engage in off-farm activities? Is there any pattern over time? Using 1999, 2003 and 2007 farm-level data from the USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), this study estimates intensity of off-farm income (or income diversification). The results show that older operators, full owners, and small farms have higher intensity of off-farm income in total household income. In contrast, dairy farms, vertically coordinated farms and farms located in the Southern and Pacific regions have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tobit; Income diversification; Vertical integration; Tenure; Farm households; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; D1; J2; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61632

FSA Direct Farm Loan Program Graduation Rates and Reasons for Exiting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Bruce L.; Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Nwoha,   Ogbonnaya John; Hamm,   Sandra J.; Danforth,   Diana M.
Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct loans are intended to provide transitory credit to creditworthy borrowers unable to obtain conventional credit at reasonable terms. Farm loan program (FLP) effectiveness is measured in part by how readily direct loan borrowers graduate to conventional credit. A survey of FSA borrowers originating direct loans during fiscal years 1994-1996 is used to estimate graduation rates. A majority of 1994-1996 loan originators did exit the direct FLP by November 2004. A multinomial logit model indicates financial strength at origination resulted in greater likelihood of farming without direct loans approximately 9 years after loan origination.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Direct loans; Farm Service Agency; Graduation; Multinomial logit; Agricultural and Food Policy; G20; G28; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6295

Does heterogeneity in goals and preferences affect allocative and technical efficiency? A case study in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berkhout,   Ezra D.; Schipper,   Robert A.; Kuyvenhoven,   Arie; Coulibaly,   Ousmane.
Household characteristics are commonly used to explain variation in smallholder efficiency levels. The underlying assumption is that differences in intended behavior are well described by such variables, while there is no a priori reason that this is the case. Moreover, heterogeneity in farmer goals and preferences, in relation to the role of the farm enterprise, are not well documented in developing countries. This paper makes a contribution to fill this gap, by empirically determining heterogeneity in farmer goals and attitudes in Nigeria through a pair-wise ranking, supplemented with Likert scales. Factor analysis is used to reduce these data into behavioral factors. We estimate technical and allocative efficiency levels and analyze how these are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous behavior; Efficiency analysis; Smallholder agriculture; Nigeria; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51676

Revisiting the “cotton problem”: A comparative analysis of cotton reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delpeuch,   Claire; Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The cotton sector has been amongst the most regulated in West and Central Africa (WCA), and still is to a large extent, despite repeated reform recommendations by international donors. On the other hand, orthodox reforms in East and Southern Africa (ESA) have not always yielded the expected results. This paper uses a stylized contracting model to investigate the link between market structure and equity and efficiency in sub-Saharan cotton sectors and analyze the potential consequences of orthodox reforms in WCA. We argue that the level of the world price and of government intervention, the degree of post-reform competition, as well as the degree of parastatal inefficiency, all contribute to making reforms less attractive (but not less pressing) to farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Cotton reforms; Self-enforcing contracts; International Development; Q12; L33; O12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91806

VERGLEICH DER BERGLANDWIRTSCHAFT IN POLEN UND DEUTSCHLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sroka,   Wojciech; Happe,   Kathrin.
This paper summarises results of a expert interviews on the state and development of agriculture and rural areas in selected municiapalities in the Polish Carapatian mountains and in the German Alps. Compared to the German Alps, the Polish region has a number of particularities originating from the different history and the transformation process. The overall development in the Polish region is still lagging behind. The implementation of measures of the Common Agricultural Policy has not yet led to significant structural changes in the Carpathian region. The surveyed experts have identified a positive perspective for the development of agriculture. They expect tourism and agriculture to be the main sources of income. A complete disappearance of agriculture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Berglandwirtschaft; Entwicklungsperspektiven; Polen; Bayern; Mountainous areas; Development perspectives; Poland; Bavaria; Rolnictwo górskie; Perspektywy rozwoju; Polska; Bawaria; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91905

Comparison of Risk Between Cropping Systems in Eastern Norway
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lien,   Gudbrand D.; Flaten,   Ola; Schumann,   Keith D.; Richardson,   James W.; Korsaeth,   Audun; Eltun,   Ragnar.
The aim of this study was to compare production and policy risk of organic, integrated and conventional cropping systems in Norway. Experimental cropping system data (1991-1999) from eastern Norway were combined with budgeted data. Empirical distributions of total farm income for different cropping systems were estimated with a simulation model that uses a multivariate kernel density function to smooth the limited experimental data. Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) was used to rank the cropping systems for farmers with various risk aversion levels. The results show that the organic system had the greatest net farm income variability, but the existing payment system and organic price premiums makes it the most economically viable...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic; Integrated and conventional crop farming; Stochastic simulation; Multivariate kernel estimator; Risk aversion; Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; C44.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24663

Agricultural Insurances Based on Meteorological Indices: Realizations, Methods and Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leblois,   Antoine; Quirion,   Philippe.
In many low-income countries, agriculture is mostly rain-fed and yields highly depend on climatic factors. Furthermore, farmers have little access to traditional crop insurance, which suffers from high information asymmetry and transaction costs. Insurances based on meteorological indices could fill this gap since they do not face such drawbacks. However their implementation has been slow so far.  In this article, we first describe the most advanced projects that have taken place in developing countries using these types of crop insurances. We then describe the methodology that has been used to design such projects, in order to choose the meteorological index, the indemnity schedule and the insurance premium. We finally draw an agenda for research in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Insurance; Climatic Risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; G21; O12; Q12; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91004

Determinants of the Strength of Strategic Adjustments in Farm Capital Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escalante,   Cesar L.; Barry,   Peter J.
This study employs correlation relationships to measure the strength of trade-offs between business and financial risks as a representative of the strategic capital adjustment process.  Under different business risk measures based on varying lengths of historical farm income data, results suggest that farmers tend to adopt a myopic perspective when contemplating risk-balancing plans.  Cross-sectional regression results for two-time period models covering the decade of the 1980s and 1990s yielded important implications.  The liquidity-constrained environment of the 1980s emphasizes the combination of risk-balancing plans, specialization, and market revenue-enhancing strategies.  In the 1990s, risk balancing becomes compatible with risk-reducing crop...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Business risk; Correlation coefficient measure of risk balancing; Expected utility mean variance model; Financial risk; Risk management strategy; Stochastic interest rates; Strategic capital adjustment; D21; D81; G11; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37834

Dairy Farm Management Business Summary New York State 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2006 from 240 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 350 cows per farm and 23,083 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121576

VALUE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN DAIRY FARMING: THE CASE OF ROBOTIC MILKING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersson,   Hans; Gunnarsson,   Fredrik; Brundin,   Sven; Ekman,   Sone.
The economic value of the innovation robotic milking systems (AMS) is examined for Swedish dairy operations. A mixed integer mathematical programming model, considering crops, calving distribution, seasonality and capacity constraints of the AMS system, is developed. The marginal value of increasing the capacity of the AMS unit is found to amount to 40-60% of the milk revenues per cow.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology innovations; Dairy systems; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22006

DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF CAPPING ELIGIBILITY FOR COMMODITY PROGRAM PAYMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Danforth,   Diana M.; Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Dixon,   Bruce L.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Adjusted Gross Income; Commodity Payments; Eligibility; Means Test; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120006

An Empirical Investigation of Live-Hog Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Mintert,   James R.; Plain,   Ronald L.
An inverse live-hog model was estimated to analyze whether there has been a recent increase in the magnitude of live-hog, own-quantity demand flexibility.  Estimating the impact of processing capacity-utilization rate changes on live-hog prices was a second objective of this research.  Results indicate that live hog prices have become more responsive to changes in hog slaughter, slaughter weight, cold storage stocks, and changes in the processing capacity-utilization rate.  Finally, model results indicate that the sharp increase in processing capacity-utilization rates, the increase in average dressed weight, and the increase in hog slaughter all had a negative effect on the live-hog prices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capacity utilization; Live hog demand; Structural change; Q11; Q12; Q13; D40.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43476

Differentiation in Farm Labor Complement Profiles of Organic and Conventional Farms in the Southeast:  Coping with a Changing Farm Labor Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escalante,   Cesar L.; Santos,   Florence Ivy M.
The farm labor market is expected to experience supply deficiencies as a result of the displacement of foreign unskilled workers due to the impending implementation of stricter immigration policies in the United States. This study scrutinizes the farm labor hiring predicament of farm operators using data from the household survey we administered on organic and conventional farms in the Southeast U.S. Specifically, we used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) approach to model and examine the level of difficulty experienced by farmers in hiring non-family farm workers and its influence on farm labor management decisions. We also explore the probable motivation of the extent of family members’ involvement in farm work and analyze the influence of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic Farming; Conventional Farming; Farm labor; Immigration policies; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q13; J20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61359

On Flexibility in the Polish Farming Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renner,   Swetlana; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Pieniadz,   Agata; Glauben,   Thomas.
This paper investigates the flexibility of the Polish farming sector during a transition period. Flexibility is considered to be a farm’s ability to change output by sustaining average costs. We argue that flexibility is a crucial factor in farmers’ competitive advantage, especially under dynamically changing environmental conditions. We propose a flexibility measure that accounts for both input and output flexibility. This measure is used to empirically investigate the magnitude and sources of flexibility in Polish family farming. We also identify the main factors that explain the proposed flexibility indices. The empirical findings reveal that Polish farms use different technologies regarding their input and output flexibility. While small and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flexibility; Family Farm; Poland; Consumer/Household Economics; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52841

The persistence of small dairy farms in Austria from an economic perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirner,   Leopold; Hambrusch,   Josef; Ortner,   Karl M.
In the international comparison the structure of milk production in Austria is small scale. The present study presents two theoretical approaches to explain the persistence of small dairy farms in Austria: the opportunity cost principle and the theory of the agricultural household. With regard to the first one it is debatable whether the flat rates really can represent the costs of own production factors in their alternative uses in small enterprises. An illustration on the basis of production cost accounts shows that small dairy farms with no possibilities for the utilization of their own production factors (especially for labour) can cover the production costs by revenues only. Secondly it is argued that agricultural production is likely to continue in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small dairy farms; Production costs; Farm household; Opportunity costs; FADN; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; R20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52850

Farming and the Internet: Factors Affecting Input Purchases Online and Reasons for Non-Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briggeman,   Brian C.; Whitacre,   Brian E.
Using the 2005 ARMS data, significant factors are identified that influence the decision to purchase farm inputs over the Internet and reasons for not adopting the Internet. Internet input purchasing farmers tend to be younger and more educated. Non-adopters that are more educated most likely cite Internet security concerns as their primary reason for not adopting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: ARMS; Internet; Farming; E-commerce; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; R1.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6871

Cost Efficiency and Scope Economies of Crop and Livestock Farms in Missouri
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Shunxiang; Prato,   Anthony A.
This study investigates productive efficiency for a sample of Missouri crop-only (specialized) and integrated crop-livestock (diversified) farms using a cost frontier approach. Results suggest that significant cost inefficiency exists among sample farms. Lower cost efficiency in both types of farms was attributed to improper scale of operations and mis-allocation of inputs. On average, diversified farms were as technically and scale efficient as specialized farms. Lower allocative efficiency diluted gains in technical efficiency and resulted in greater cost inefficiency for diversified farms than for specialized farms. Technical efficiency was independent of farm size, whereas allocative, scale, and scope efficiencies were not.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cost efficiency; Crop; Livestock; Missouri farms; Scope economies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; R32.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43906

Crop Supply Response under Risk: Impacts of Emerging Issues on Southeastern U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liang,   Yan; Miller,   J. Corey; Harri,   Ardian; Coble,   Keith H.
In this paper we consider factors that affect both crop prices and yields in order to examine supply responses of major crops in the Southeast. Due to the variable nature of crop production in the Southeast, previous studies that ignore price and yield risk may fail to capture one of the salient features of the region’s agriculture. Our results indicate supply elasticity values for corn, cotton, and soybeans of approximately 0.670, 0.506, and 0.195, respectively. Compared with the results of studies in other regions, corn and cotton acres respond more to price changes and soybean acres respond less to price changes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acreage supply; Crop supply response model; Risk analysis; Southeast U.S. agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104615

Analysis of Marketing Margins in Eco-Labeled Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carambas,   Maria Cristina D.M.
This article aims to explain the marketing margins in the eco-labeled products market in Thailand and the Philippines. It focuses on labeled organic agricultural commodities that are commonly exported especially in Europe, which has demand for this type of products. Understanding the interplay of economic variables influencing marketing margins in the eco-labeled market as compared to its conventional counterpart is relevant in understanding how this growing niche market works. The analytical framework developed by Gardner (1975) was used in the analysis to provide a basic understanding of how marketing margins behave. Econometric results show that changes in demand rather than the changes in supply explain most of the variations in margins particularly in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing margins; Price spread; Organic products; Eco-labeling; Q12; Q13; M31; L11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24600

Assessing the effect of the CAP on farm innovation adoption. An analysis in two French regions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartolini,   Fabio; Latruffe,   Laure; Viaggi,   Davide.
Literature on innovation adoption mechanism has emphasised the positive effect of Single Farm Payments (SFP) and Rural Development Payments on adoption of new technologies. In this context, the expected process of CAP reforming after 2013 is likely to strengthen the role of innovation in the European Union (EU). The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the adoption of future innovation, in particular in connection to past innovation, and to assess the role of agricultural policy in the promotion of innovation adoption. The analysis is applied to two regions (Centre and Midi-Pyrénées) in France. Two separate Count models are developed in order to explain famers’ stated intention concerning different intensities of innovation adoption...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Sequences of innovation; CAP; Zero inflated Poisson model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99594

Firm Size Distribution and Performance of Maize and Fertilizer Traders After Market Liberalisation: Evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mose,   Lawrence Obae; Burger,   Kees.
Improvement in the performance of agricultural markets was the ultimate goal of market liberalisation. In this paper, firm (trader) size distribution as a factor influencing market performance is analyzed using maize and fertilizer traders from Kenya. Firm size distribution was assessed by analyzing the normality of the distribution on volume traded. Performance was assessed by the level of competition (using Hirschman-Herfindahl index), marketing margins and marketing costs. Results show that firm size distribution for both commodities is log-normally distributed but positively skewed indicating a tendency towards smaller than larger firms. A plausible explanation is that faced with inadequate financial resources and inadequate business experience, new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Liberalisation; Firm size distribution; Costs; Margins; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; D4; L1; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25533

A Synthesis of Theoretical Concepts for Analysing Non-Farm Rural Employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Mollers,   Judith.
Employment diversification is a major livelihood strategy in rural areas and is thus a focal point of the ongoing rural development debate. The issue of non-farm diversification is undoubtedly complex and its determinants are difficult to identify. Increasingly, there is a need to address, clarify and bring together theoretical concepts for analysing non-farm rural employment (NFRE). With this in mind, the objective of this paper is to summarize and link existing theories and to introduce some new aspects with regard to modelling NFRE and employment diversification. NFRE dynamics are closely interrelated with the institutional framework and its incentives and constraints. The behaviour of rural decision-makers also depends on fundamental determinants such...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non-farm employment; Diversification; Theoretical framework; Labor and Human Capital; O18; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25475

Land Reallocation and Its Impacts on Technical Efficiency --Evidence from China’s Agricultural Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Yanjie; Wang,   Xiaobing.
China’s economic reforms make the farmers face the risk of land reallocation and adjustment, raising the questions about the impact of land reallocation on farm productivity and efficiency. Deep understanding what determines land reallocation, whether and to what extent farm productivity and efficiency are affected by the frequency of land reallocation could help policy makers introduce better targeted rural development policies. The aim of this study is first to explore the determinants of land reallocation, and then analyze how land reallocation influences productivity and efficiency in agricultural production. This study is based on panel data set over 1995-2002 from rural households in Hubei and Yunnan provinces. Our results indicate that the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land reallocation; Technical efficiency; Rural China; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51954

Productivity and Efficiency of Corporate and Individual Farms in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Sedik,   David J.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of corporate and individual farms in Ukraine based primarily on cross-section data from a farm survey conducted by FAO in 2005. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) for farms of different organizational forms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that, contrary to established convictions among the Ukrainian decision makers, the large corporate farms are not more productive than the smaller family farms. This finding is not restricted to Ukraine, as a similar result has been obtained by in Moldova, Russia, and the U.S. Policies encouraging a shift from large corporate farms...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Technical efficiency; Total factor productivity; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; D24; J24; P27; P31; P32; Q12; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9985

Sensitivity of welfare effects estimated by equilibrium displacement model: a biological productivity growth for semi-subsistence crop in Sub-Sahara African market with high transactions costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takeshima,   Hiroyuki.
This paper discusses the application of the equilibrium displacement model (EDM) to estimate ex-ante the welfare effects of biological productivity growth for semi-subsistence crop and its impact on poverty reduction. The conventionally used EDM is compared with an alternative model (alternative EDM) that reflects arguably more realistic assumptions for African semi-subsistence crops, such as the shape and shift of supply curve, significant margins due to high transportation costs between farmgate and consumption market, as well as between different consumption markets, and the degree of precisions of estimated structural parameters. The application to the dataset for Benin cassava farmers provides an example that the conventional EDM may significantly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement model; Pivotal shift; Cassava; Semi-subsistence; Market margins; Double buffering; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C65; D13; D31; D60; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49287

The Impacts of Change in Local Industrial Composition on Off-Farm Labor Supply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Jason P.
Most U.S. farm households have either the operator or spouse working off-farm for wages and salaries or proprietorships.  Additionally, off-farm income continues to grow as a share of total household income. Little is known about how changes in local industrial composition impact off-farm labor decisions.  Using a household utility maximization framework, this analysis employs a two-stage process to 1) predict joint off-farm labor participation of operators and spouses, and 2) measure the impact of farm and household characteristics, and changes in county-level industry on levels of off-farm labor supply. Results show that labor participation decisions are jointly determined.  Human capital is among the most significant individual characteristics impacting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household; Labor supply; Bivariate logit; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; J22; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103555

Multi-input Multi-output Farm-level Cost Function: A Comparison of Least Squares and Entropy Estimators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polome,   Philippe; Fernagut,   Bruno; Harmignie,   Olivier; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
We introduce a modification of the quadratic-Leontieff multi-output cost function that is particularly suitable for the data of the Farm Accountancy Data Network. We present least squares and entropy estimates of that function and compare their results for a sample of crop farms. Our results are encouraging for the use of entropy estimators in cases in which farms are not assumed to share the same technology. Our approach can be seen as an extension of the Positive Mathematical Programming approach (Howitt, 1995). The extension consists in an explicit specification of inputs in the cost function and in the possibility of modeling several farms simultaneously.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost function; Least squares estimator; Entropy estimator; Heterogeneity; Farm Management; C3; D61; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24727

Average Crop Revenue Election, Crop Insurance, and Supplemental Revenue Assistance: Interactions and Overlap for Illinois and Kansas Farm Program Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zulauf,   Carl R.; Schnitkey,   Gary D.; Langemeier,   Michael R.
Farm-level data from Illinois and Kansas for the 1991–2007 crops are used to examine the interaction and overlap among crop revenue insurance, Supplemental Revenue Assistance (SURE), and Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE). Compared with 75% Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance (75% CRCP), ACRE provides more payments and has a greater impact on minimum farm revenue for the Illinois farms. In contrast, for the Kansas farms, 75% CRCP has the greater impact. SURE’s relative impact on the Illinois and Kansas farms  depends on the metric. The overlap in payments from ACRE and 75% CRCP resulting from covering the same part of the revenue risk distribution is estimated to be less than 5% of ACRE payments. Several proposals for improving the farm safety net are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Average Crop Revenue Election Program (ACRE); Crop Revenue Coverage Insurance (CRCP); Farm policy; Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008; Supplemental Revenue Assistance (SURE); Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q18; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92589

The Single Payment Scheme of the CAP: Entitlements Availability and Farmers Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Severini,   Simone; Valle,   Stefano.
The way entitlements are originally allocated among farmers and some conditions required to get the payments could affect farmer's willingness to trade land and entitlements. This paper - using a qualitative approach and some results of a farm based simulation analysis - explores how entitlements availability and other farm specific parameters affect land and entitlement shadow prices and farmers attitude to trade land and entitlement. The conditions under which this occurs, the role of taxing the exchange of entitlements and of both modulation and conditionality on exchange of entitlements are also studied.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Single payment scheme; Farmer behavior; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24513

Analysis of Hungarian Agricultural Subsidies on the Basis of FADN Database
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keszthelyi,   Krisztian; Nemeth,   Peter; Pesti,   Csaba S.
On the basis of the micro-economic data of the Hungarian FADN system we analysed the role of subsidies in the profitability of farms, we aimed to reveal which types of farming and economic sizes are effected more by subsidies related to efficiency and profitability. The agricultural enterprises' balance of taxes and subsidies counted from the micro-economic data of FADN enterprises was also analysed in the different type of farming categories and economic size classes. Our aim was to find out what types of farms are subsidized and what types are net payers to the central budget. Examining the pre-tax profit we made the conclusion that with the increase of economic size not only the proportion of profitable farms rises, but the profit per size unit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural subsidies; Profitability; Payments of agricultural enterprises; FADN; Agricultural Finance; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24689

Poverty and the Rural Non-Farm Economy in Oromia, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van den Berg,   Marrit; Kumbi,   Girma Earo.
The rural non-farm sector has gained increasing importance over the past decades. In much of Africa, this has had limited effect on the poor, who face entry barriers to non-farm activities. As a result, the nonfarm economy does not reduce poverty but increases inequality instead. Some, but not all, evidence for Ethiopia, however, contradicts this general pattern: the poor do participate in the nonfarm economy, but apparently this does not lift them out of poverty. The present paper analyses the relation between non-farm income and inequality in Oromia, the largest state of Ethiopia, where most households rely on rainfed agriculture for their livelihood. The traditional development approach of providing technology and infrastructure to increase agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; J23; J32; O15; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25689

Direct payments and rent extraction by land owners: Evidence form New Member States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Herck,   Kristine; Vranken,   Liesbet.
Since the accession of the eight Central and Eastern European countries, farmers in these countries started to receive substantial agricultural subsidies. Agricultural subsidies alter farmer production incentives and thus factor demand and factor prices. Hence, agricultural support has an impact on land rents. This paper analyses the impact of the introduction of direct payments on land rents in the new member states and correlates econometrically land rental price data with support measures while controlling for other effects. The impact of direct payments on land rents is not only found to be statistically significant, but also economically important as 15% of the direct payments are capitalized in land rents in the new member states.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land rental prices; Farm subsidies; New member states; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99583

Weather index drought insurance: an ex ante evaluation for millet growers in Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leblois,   Antoine; Quirion,   Philippe; Alhassane,   Agali; Traore,   Seydou.
In the Sudano-Sahelian region, which includes South Niger, the inter-annual variability of the rainy season is high and irrigation is scarce. As a consequence, bad rainy seasons have a massive impact on crop yield and regularly entail food crises. Traditional insurances based on crop damage assessment are not available because of asymmetric information and high transaction costs compared to the value of production. We assess the risk mitigation capacity of an alternative form of insurance which has been implemented in India since 2003: insurance based on a weather index. We compare the capacity of various weather indices to increase utility of a representative risk-averse farmer. We show the importance of using plot-level yield data rather than village...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Index-based insurance.; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; G21; O12; Q12; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120378

Estudo da competitividade da produção de algodão entre Brasil e Estados Unidos – safra 2003/04
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferreira Filho,   Joaquim Bento de Souza; Alves,   Lucilio Rogerio Aparecido; Villar,   Patricio Mendez del.
This study aims to analyze the competitivity of the cotton production in Brazil and United States of America (USA) in terms of production costs, taking into consideration the 2003/04 crop season. In Brazil, data were colleted in “panel conferences” in the state of Mato Grosso (Campo Novo do Parecis and Pimavera do Leste) and also in the north of the Parana state. USA’s data came from secondary sources. The results showed that Brazil has a better competitivity, with good productivity, but high costs per hectare. The risk of the culture is high, given the short margins and the sunk costs. In USA, the average productivity is smaller than in Brazil; the costs are relatively high and the margins are negative in most regions. Results show that the sustainability...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Production costs; Brazil; United States; Agribusiness; M11; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60815

The Motivation for Organic Grain Farming in the United States: Profits, Lifestyle, or the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Hikaru Hanawa; Barkley,   Andrew P.; Chacon-Cascante,   Adriana; Kastens,   Terry L.
The objective of this research is to identify and quantify the motivations for organic grain farming in the United States. Survey data of US organic grain producers were used in regression models to find the statistical determinants of three motivations for organic grain production, including profit maximization, environmental stewardship, and an organic lifestyle. Results provide evidence that many organic grain producers had more than a single motivation and that younger farmers are more likely to be motivated by environmental and lifestyle goals than older farmers. Organic grain producers exhibited a diversity of motivations, including profit and stewardship.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Q01; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123783

Water use efficiency and maximizing profitability of grain sorghum  production in the Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahamadou,   Aly; Dembele,   Mamadou; Almas,   Lal K.; Brooks,   Kathleen R.
The reduction in the availability of irrigation water and the increase in pumping costs resulting from the decline in the Ogallala Aquifer make good management decisions more critical for the survival of the farm firm and the success of the agricultural sector in the Texas Panhandle. Response functions for irrigation and percentage potential evapotranspiration (PET) in the production of grain sorghum are estimated.  The response functions are transferred into value product functions and combined with an irrigation energy cost function to determine the profit maximizing irrigation strategy. Three management decision variables; total water available, the level of irrigation and the water to meet crop ET requirements are evaluated. Grain sorghum yield,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Grain sorghum; ET; Maximizing profit; Irrigation efficiency; Input use optimization; Water conservation; Ogallala Aquifer; Texas Panhandle.; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q15; Q25; Q32; And Q34.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119801

Land Distributional and Income Effects of the Chinese Land Rental Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Ziping.
Using panel data of 450 farm households for the period of 1996-2001 in Zhejiang, China, we measured land distributional effect and income effect of the land rental market. It is found that the rental market had contributed for a less equal land distribution among the households, and for the concentration of land to households with higher efficiency. With a land rental market in a dynamic economic development process, improvements in overall production efficiency of the households, however, mainly come from the reduction of land abandonment and the contribution from land changing hands is very limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land rental market; Distribution; Efficiency; Land abandonment; Land Economics/Use; Q12; O1; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25294

Planning an Expansion of Blueberry Production by Southern Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florkowski,   Wojciech J.
A random utility model is applied to examine growers' decision to expand blueberry orchards. A logit decision model is estimated using survey data from Georgia commercial growers. Results indicate the importance of credit and water availability for the expansion decision. Effects of demographics and income on the expansion decision were simulated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Q12; Q13; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35329

Carbon Markets and Methane Digesters:  Potential Implications for the Dairy Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Sneeringer,   Stacy E.
Anaerobic digesters that capture and burn manure methane can provide a renewable source of energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Paying producers for these emission reductions—either directly or through a carbon offset market—could substantially increase digester adoption. However, there is likely to be wide variation in the scale, location, and characteristics of adopters, so these policies could have long run structural implications for the livestock sector. Using a model of digester profits and data from a nationally-representative survey of dairy operations we estimate the likely distribution of digester adoption and profits under different carbon price scenarios.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Carbon offsets; Climate change; Distribution; Livestock; Methane; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q42; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117952

LAND REFORM IN MOLDOVA: HOW VIABLE ARE EMERGING PEASANT FARMS? AN ASSESSMENT REFERRING TO A RECENT WORLD BANK STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
Based on a case study of two Moldovan regions, the paper challenges the favourable assessment of recently established peasant farms in a World Bank study by LERMAN et al. (1998). The main arguments in favour of a more critical view of the results of land privatisation and farm restructuring are that a) private farmers produce only on a minimal fraction of land with almost no machinery or purchased inputs at all, b) the income of a typical farm household is below a poverty line based on national standards, c) private farmers face substantial production and marketing risks, d) at present, it is unlikely that short- or long-term investment projects in agriculture can be credit funded. Currently, peasant farms are mainly run to produce a minimum diet for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture in transition; Land reform; Poverty; Subsistence farming; Moldova; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q15; P36.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14882

The analysis of irreversibility, uncertainty and dynamic technical inefficiency on the investment decision in Spanish olive sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambarraa,   Fatima; Stefanou,   Spiro E.; Gil,   Jose Maria.
The purpose of this paper is the evaluation of the investment decision under uncertainty and irreversibility allowing for long run inefficiency. The analysis has been applied to a 158 Spanish olive farms using FADN data set. A real option approach has been used to analyse the decision to invest under uncertainty and irreversibility, and a dynamic stochastic frontier model has been developed to estimate the long run technical efficiency and it persistence.  The results show that the technical inefficiency persistence parameter is fairly low to unity, which means that small technical inefficiency is transmitted to the next time period. The olive groves investment is irreversible and characterized by uncertainty on price and discount rate. An increase of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Olive; Dynamic efficiency; Real option; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51397

Landlord Satisfaction with Arkansas Agricultural Land Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rainey,   Ronald L.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Parsch,   Lucas D.; Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Bierlen,   Ralph W.
Landlord satisfaction levels with agricultural land-leasing agreements are examined with a 1998 sample of Arkansas landowners. Ordered probit models are estimated identifying which factors significantly affect satisfaction levels.  Results indicate that the type of lease is not a significant determinant of landlord satisfaction levels.  Proportion of landlord’s income from leasing, tenant educational background, social capital variables, presence of irrigation equipment, and perceptions about the FAIR Act were found to significantly affect lease satisfaction in at least one of the three satisfaction models estimated.  A comparison with an earlier study of Arkansas tenants indicates landlords have generally higher satisfaction levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cropland contracts; Landlord satisfaction; Leasing; Probit models; L14; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43156

Alternative Theories and Empirical Approaches to Price Discovery: An Application to Fed Cattle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlberg,   Jared G.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price discovery is a frequent topic of research, but many times is not clearly defined and thus purported to cover a myriad of topics.  This article provides two alternative theories as the basis for one line of price discovery research. Empirical models consistent with the two theories are estimated using a common data set.  Empirical results differ as expected.  This article evidences why the theoretical basis for an empirical model depends on clearly defining the objective(s) of the research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Derived demand; Fed cattle; Partial adjustment model; Price discovery; Q13; Q11; Q12; C51; C22.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43201

Use of Penalties and Rewards in Agri-Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yano,   Yuki; Blandford,   David.
Achieving high compliance rates in incentive-based agri-environmental schemes is an important issue. This paper explores the use of a mixed penalty-reward approach under heterogeneous compliance costs. Specifically, we examine the use of a “compliance reward” under asymmetric information and output price uncertainty. Using a budget-neutral approach, three possible sources of financing are considered: 1. funds obtained by reducing monitoring effort; 2. the proceeds of fines collected from participating farmers who are inspected and found not to be in compliance; and 3. money saved by reducing the number of farmers enrolled. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each source of funding and analyze them numerically for both risk-neutral and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Moral hazard; Penalties; Payments for compliance; Q12; Q20; Q28; Q57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36873

Technical Efficiency Analysis in Male and Female-Managed Farms: A Study of Maize Production in West Pokot District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marinda,   Pamela; Bangura,   Arnold; Heidhues,   Franz.
There has been a decline in crop productivity in Kenya, a situation that has contributed to the raising food insecurity in the country. Communities in arid and semi-arid areas of the country, the landless, and female headed households are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. Given the rising percentage of female headed households in Kenya (estimated at 37% in 2005), there is need to examine crop productivity in male and female managed farms and do a diagnosis of factors that lead to low productivity in female headed households and hence their higher vulnerability to food insecurity. This paper aims at examining gender differentials in farm resource ownership and how it affects the technical efficiency in maize production in male and female managed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Technical efficiency; Maize production; Kenya; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q18; Q1.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25599

A Categorical Data Analysis on Risks in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.
This study compares farm operators’ risk perceptions and actual realization of risk attitudes revealed through off-farm labor, enterprise diversification, and use of contracts, crop insurance, and other types of insurance, using data from 2001 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). Results from ordered logit model and multivariate probit models unexpectedly found that risk loving farmers are more likely to employ risk management strategies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98839

BIOENERGIE AS A SOURCE OF INCOME OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makarchuk,   Oksana; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Enterprise activity is based on maximization of profit to increase the volume of own capital, to expand manufacture and to guarantee the earning of profit for the long-term period. Therefore everyone searches for new sources of the income by means of which it is possible to maximize cost of the made product. One of new sources of the income in agriculture is a cultivation of agricultural crops for the energy, heat, fuel (biofuel) manufacture. In this "discussion paper" the market is examined for biofuel, as well as their competitiveness is analyzed in comparison to mineral fuels. Germany takes the lead positions on manufacture and use of biofuel among the countries of the European Union and Ukraine has a big potential on the agricultural commodities market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Биотопливо; Биоэтанол; Биомасса; Возобновляемые источники энергии; Конкурентоспособность; Спрос и предложение.Biokraftstoff; Bioethanol; Biomasse; Erneubare Energien; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Angebot und Nachfrage.Biofuel; Bioethanol; Biomass; Renewed energy sources; Competitiveness; Supply and demand.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91735

Efficiency of Selected Risk Management Instruments - An Empirical Analysis of Risk Reduction in Kazakhstani Crop Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heidelbach,   Olaf.
Recent academic discussion regarding crop insurance in developing and transition countries has focused on weather index insurance. But empirical analyses of such schemes based on farm level data cannot be found in the literature, though this insurance type shows clear advantages compared to multiple-peril crop insurance and revenue insurance. Recent empirical applications of risk and stochastic programming models focus on the optimisation of production planning, while literature on the effects of crop insurance on the farm level mainly focuses on the empirical investigation of reductions in farm income variance. The novelty of this paper is that it integrates regionally-adapted insurance products and expert-evaluated technology choices into a programming...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Risk management; Insurance; Agriculture; Kazakhstan; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q14; G22; D82.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25243

Revisiting the demand of agricultural insurance: The case of Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrido,   Alberto; Zilberman,   David.
We use the actual insurance records of 52,300 farmers and 11 years to estimate two sets of insurance demands. We define measures of insurance's expected returns, variance and third moment, based on observed insurance data, and infer the expected returns for those farmers that have never had an indemnity. We estimate several probit models and count models for the insuring vs non-insuring strategies, in which the economic returns of insurance and its two measures of dispersion enter as explanatory variables. Results show that farmers' insurance strategies are largely explained by their actual insurance experience as captured by these three variables. Individuals with loss rations greater than 1 do not show more responsiveness that those facing more balanced...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural insurance; Insurance demand models; Spain; Risk and Uncertainty; G22; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9266

Wheat Variety Selection to Maximize Returns and Minimize Risk: An Application of Portfolio Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barkley,   Andrew P.; Peterson,   Hikaru Hanawa; Shroyer,   James.
This research shows that a portfolio of wheat varieties could enhance profitability and reduce risk over the selection of a single variety for Kansas wheat producers. Many Kansas wheat farmers select varieties solely based on published average yields. This study uses portfolio theory from business investment analysis to find the optimal, yield-maximizing and risk-minimizing combination of wheat varieties in Kansas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Portfolio theory; Wheat variety selection; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57152

The Provision of Ecosystem Services by Agriculture – a Spatially Explicit DEA Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kapfer,   Martin; Hübner,   Rico; Eckstein,   Karin; Ziesel,   Sigrid; Kantelhardt,   Jochen.
According to the concept of ecosystem services, agriculture not only provides commodities but also cultural and regulating services. While it is easy to value commodity production by market prices, the valuation of cultural and regulating services is complex because of their public good character. Non-parametric approaches such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) allow for estimating the contribution of agriculture to such services. However, it is not enough to know the extent of ecosystem services provided; it is also necessary to be aware of which farmers provide these services and where they are provided. In this paper, we suggest a plot-specific approach combining GIS analysis and DEA models. This allows a spatially explicit assessment of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Data envelopment; Environment-oriented technical efficiency; Landscape-appearance-oriented technical efficiency; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108954

The economic and social weight of small scale agriculture. Evidence from the Rural Income Generating Activities survey data.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karfakis,   Panagiotis; Hammam Howe,   Tarek.
In current economic reality, there seems to be a clear need to recognize, characterize and place small scale agriculture in a setup which accounts for novel trends in the modes of doing business in the global economy and with respect to the changing role of agriculture along development transition. Providing that ground it will make it possible to design and promote appropriate policy strategies that will best accommodate small scale farmers’ needs and exploit their potential for agricultural development. The present paper employs a multi country household survey database developed from ESA-FAO, and a series of ad hoc land thresholds to categorize rural households as small or large scale farmers and identify some of their key characteristics as well as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small scale agriculture; Household survey data; Developing countries; International Development; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52851

GETREIDEPRODUKTION IN DER UKRAINE -- EINE KOMPARATIVE ANALYSE VON PRODUKTIONSKOSTEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Einax,   Christian; Lissitsa,   Alexej; Parkhomenko,   Sergiy.
The following Discussion Paper aims to analyse the development path and profitability of grain production in Ukraine, which is one of the most important production branches of most Ukrainian agricultural companies. Methodologically, individual farm analysis and horizontal farm comparison are used. The cost benefit analysis has been widely used for farm analysis of the agricultural sector in market economies. However, only few applications could be observed in agribusiness research in Ukraine in the last years, presumably because of missing or unreliable data. Thus, the goal of this paper is to apply a standard farm management instrument for enterprise analyse in agriculture of a transition country. The results show small differences in production costs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain market; Costs of production; Transition; Ukraine; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q13; Q18; P27.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14892

Estimation of Actual and potential adoption rates and determinants of a new technology not universally known in the population: The case of NERICA rice varieties in Guinea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou; Sogbossi,   Marie-Josee; Simtowe,   Franklin; Diawara,   Sekou; Diallo,   Abdoulaye Sadio; Barry,   Alpha Bacar.
The NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice varieties, developed by the Africa Rice Center during the 1990s, are providing hopes for raising the productivity of upland rice farmers in Africa because of their reported high yield potential and adaptability to the African conditions. The varieties are new and not widely disseminated in farming communities and there is lot of interest in the donor community in knowing their potential for widespread adoption across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).  However, when a technology is new and the target population is not universally exposed it, the observed sample adoption rate and classical models of adoption widely used in adoption studies does not inform reliably on its potential adoption and constraint to it in the full...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NERICA varieties; Technology Diffusion and adoption; Average Treatment Effect; Guinea; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; O33; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51644

Quality Provision and Farmer Inclusion of  Agricultural Cooperatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Jianyu.
The paper aims to analyze the quality provision and inclusion of farmers by a farmer-owned cooperative (co-op) when it competes with an investor-owned firm (IOF). A model of mixed oligopsonistic competition is developed to capture the endogenous participation of farmers who are heterogeneous in their efficiency to provide quality. The results highlight an advantage of the co-op: by imposing a similar quality standard to the one imposed by the IOF, the co-op may drive the IOF out of the market. Due to this advantage, it is more likely that the co-op will set a high quality standard when the minimum quality standard is costly to farmers. This advantage, however, may induce an inefficient outcome if providing a high quality product involves a high fixed cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural cooperative; Mixed oligopsonistic competition; Farmer inclusion; Quality standard; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Q12; Q13; L1; L2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51553

The decision to invest and the investment level: An application to Dutch glasshouse horticulture firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oskam,   Arie J.; Goncharova,   Natalia V.; Verstegen,   Jos A.A.M.
Investment models typically explain only a small share of the total investment variation within or between firms. A reason for this may be that those models do not explicitly differentiate between the decision to invest and the decision about the level of investment. In this paper, a two-steps theoretical framework and estimation procedure are developed to take into account the different nature of both decisions. ‘Nearly zero’ investments are considered to be small replacement or maintenance investments and treated as ‘zero’ investments. The applied two-step Heckman model shows that the decision to invest is significantly related to available capital (-), wealth (+), debts (-), output prices (+), land price growth (+), capital price growth (-), energy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Investments; Glasshouse horticulture; Heckman selection model; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; D92; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51574

Transient Health Shocks and Agricultural Labor Demand in Rice-producing Households in Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larochelle,   Catherine; Dalton,   Timothy J.
Malaria and other transient illnesses have been recognized as factors constraining economic development in tropical countries. The purpose of this paper is to determine the direct and the indirect impact of transient illness shocks, caused primarily by malaria but also including other tropical illness, on family labor use in irrigated rice production in Mali. Family labor is the most important factor of production used in rice production in Mali and transient illness shocks may negatively impact labor supply, production and hence household welfare derived from agricultural income and consumption. Two labor demand models are estimated to determine whether illness does indeed reduce labor supply: one where the dependent variable only includes family labor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: D1; I0; Q12; Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25314

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN UNION AND EASTERN REGIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrao,   Amilcar.
This research work uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the sources of agricultural productivity growth over time and of productivity differences among countries and regions in European Union over the period 1980-1998.  A comparison of the mean productivity scores obtained by the two approaches show that DEA results are higher than in SFA results, because DEA fits a tighter (more flexible) frontier than the translog frontier. This study is a valuable warning for people to be carefully about the effects of the methodology choice upon their results and to use more than one approach if they suspect that it may have some influence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Data Envelopment Analysis; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Technical Efficiency Change; Technical  Change; Total Factor Productivity Change; European Union.; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22167

Exits Among U.S. Burley Tobacco Growers After the End of the Federal Tobacco Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiller,   Kelly; Feleke,   Shiferaw T.; Starnes,   Jane H.
This study explores the relationship between family/farm characteristics and the probability of exiting burley tobacco farming in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. Following the termination of the federal tobacco program in 2004, 54% of burley tobacco–growing households in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia exited burley tobacco farming by 2006. Tobacco yield, tobacco farm cash receipts, tobacco price, off-farm employment, and farm size are the most dominant variables discriminating between exiting and surviving tobacco farms. Data for this study came from a mail survey of burley tobacco producers in Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina in May 2006.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Burley tobacco; Exit; Federal tobacco program; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; C25; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90674

FARMERS’ SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thomson,   Kenneth J.
Small and medium-sized farms all over Europe guarantee their survival by a broad range of strategies and different income sources. In remoter areas of highly developed countries such as the UK, such strategies may be expected to have their own characteristics, both legislative and socio-economic. This paper reports results from a socio-economic survey carried out among 40 Scottish agricultural households in the Caithness and Sutherland region of the North of Scotland, focussing specifically on the diversification strategies of (larger) farms and (smaller) crofts related to the multifunctionality of agriculture. After analysing the land, labour and capital use of farm/croft households in the region, the paper analyses why farms/crofts in this remote area...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm households; Scottish Highlands; Income sources; Diversification; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q15; R20; R10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52832

THE COST OF MEETING EQUITY: OPPORTUNITY COST OF IRRIGATION IN THE FISH-SUNDAYS SCHEME OF SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoag,   Dana L.; Conradie,   Beatrice.
In this paper the incremental values of water are calculated for irrigators in the Fish-Sundays Scheme of South Africa's Eastern Cape province. The socio-political pressure for redistribution of agricultural resources provided the imperative for this study. The model of the Fish-Sundays Scheme reflects a survey of 50 000ha of fodder and citrus production. It explicitly models the water demand on sixteen typical farms, for five irrigation technologies, six crops and four livestock activities. The existing allocation generates an average value of R0.0423/m3/year, which increases to R0.0681/m3/year if farmer-to-farmer trading is allowed given existing infrastructure. Unrestricted trade raises the average value to R0.0719/m3/year. The marginal cost of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water value; Irrigation; Linear programming; South Africa; Eastern Cape; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25832

Economic Impact of Climate Change on Irrigated Rice Agriculture in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajetomobi,   Joshua Olusegun; Abidun,   Ajiboye; Hassan,   Rashid M.
This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net revenue from Nigerian rice agriculture under irrigation and dry land conditions.   A survey was done by interviewing 1200 rice farmers from 20 rice producing states in Nigeria. The states covered all the six geopolitical zones in the country. The results showed that increase in temperature will reduce net revenue for dry land rice farms while net revenue rises with increase in temperature for irrigated rice farms. Precipitation had similar effects on rice net revenue. Increase in precipitation will cause reduction in revenue for dry land rice farms whereas it will cause increase in revenue for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Irrigation; Net Revenue; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95778

A Case Study of Regulation in Zambia’s Cotton Sector.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Kabwe,   Stephen.
Cotton is an unquestioned success of Zambia’s turn towards a market economy. After privatization in late 1994, seed cotton production rose from 32,000 metric tons (mt) to about 180,000 mt a decade later (three-year averages centered on 1994 and 2005). The number of farmers involved in the sector grew similarly, yields trended upwards (though slowly), and the country dramatically improved the quality of its lint, becoming the outstanding performer  in Sub-Saharan Africa in this regard by the mid-2000s. Yet the sector has experienced two serious crashes since reform, both involving rampant credit default by farmers supported with seasonal input credit by ginning companies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Cotton; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62145

Supervision and Transaction Costs: Evidence from Rice Farms in Bicol, The Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Kimhi,   Ayal; Desilva,   Sanjaya.
Labor markets in all economies are subject to transaction costs associated with recruiting, monitoring and supervising workers. Rural labor markets in developing economies, where institutions such as labor and contract law and formal employment assistance mechanisms are not in place, are regarded to be particularly sensitive to transaction cost conditions. The inherent difficulty of measuring transaction costs has limited studies on this topic. In this paper, we analyze supervision activities reported in a cross-section survey of rice farmers in the Bicol region of the Philippines. This survey is unique because it provides supervision data at the farm task level. We present a simple optimization model in which supervision intensity increases the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Supervision; Labor markets; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; 013; D23; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28467

Targeting Research for Enhanced Impact on Poverty in Marginal Areas: The Representative Case of the Dry Areas of Syria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: La Rovere,   Roberto; Aw-Hassan,   Aden.
Agricultural research in marginal dry areas can contribute to reducing poverty through the development of technological, institutional and policy options for poor farmers by addressing diversified opportunities and development pathways. This paper analyzes the diversity of rural livelihood strategies in the Khanasser Valley in northwest Syria, an area representative of marginal drylands. We experimentally define an operational classification of household typologies based on their different livelihood strategies, capabilities, and opportunities by applying a Sustainable Livelihoods framework. Livelihoods diversity has implications on where and how research must be targeted to have impact on poverty. Households less endowed in land and natural resources and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impact; Livelihoods; Marginal Areas; Poverty; Syria; D1; I3; O3; Q12; Q16; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25722

A Multi-Period Analysis of Two Common Livestock Management Strategies Given Fluctuating Precipitation and Variable Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ritten,   John P.; Frasier,   W. Marshall; Bastian,   Christopher T.; Paisley,   Steven I.; Smith,   Michael A.; Mooney,   Sian.
Many areas of the US recently endured a severe drought and management strategies to cope with the lack of forage production varied. A multi-period mathematical model is presented that estimates the outcomes of two common producer responses to changes in precipitation, partial liquidation and purchasing hay, given fluctuating cattle prices over a long term planning horizon. Results were further summarized with regression analysis and selected elasticities were calculated to reflect the sensitivity of outcomes to variability in precipitation and livestock prices. Although little impact was seen from utilizing additional hay as a strategy during drought, producers who follow this strategy are in a position to market more animals immediately post drought in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Drought management; Mathematical programming; Herd liquidation; Price cycle; Cattle management; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; C61; D24.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90673

AGRICULTURAL PRICE VOLATILITY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: The Impact of Multiple Objectives on Commodity Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuss,   Sabine; Havlik,   Petr; Szolgayova,   Jana; Obersteiner,   Michael; Schmid,   Erwin.
Agricultural price volatility has moved to the forefront of research efforts and political discussion, where much work is already being undertaken with respect to the impact of fluctuations in input prices (e.g. fertilizer, feed and energy). In this paper we also want to take into account the impact of climate change on prices via increased volatility in crop yields. In addition, we analyze the impact of having multiple objectives competing for the land on which crops are grown. In particular, we want to address the concerns that have been voiced about biofuel targets and calls for prioritization of food security.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy; Food security; Food price volatility; Optimization under uncertainty; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18; Q28; C61; D81.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122539

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: The Role of Firm Heterogeneity and Transaction Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel.
In this paper we study the determinants of the factor content of the CEE agricultural trade. Examining empirically three hypothesis, which relate cross-country differences in technology, relative factor abundance and transaction costs and market imperfections to the factor content of trade, we find that the first two hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the developed EU countries, but rejected by roughly one half of the CEE transition country pairs. Second, we find that when accounting for transaction costs of farm (re)organisation, both hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the CEE country pairs. These findings provide empirical evidence of market imperfections, and particularly, of transaction costs of farm (re)organisation in the CEE.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Factor content; Bilateral trade; Relative factor abundance; Technological differences; Agriculture; Transaction costs; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51429

Farmers’ Perception of Precision Technology:  The Case of Autosteer Adoption by Cotton Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Antoni,   Jeremy M.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Powell,   Rebekah R.; Martin,   Steven W.
Precision agriculture and autosteer technology are, overall, profitable investments for farmers, as previous literature has established. However, what has not been investigated is whether or not farmers perceive these technologies as such. This research postulates that cotton farmers must see potential for higher profits as a result of adopting precision technologies in order to adopt it. Using the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey  and multinomial logit model, this research investigates farmers’ perception of precision agriculture and how those perceptions impact adoption of the autosteer GPS guidance system. Autosteer adoption was found to be significant and positively related to the perceived future importance of precision agriculture as...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmers’ perception; Precision agriculture; Autosteer; Multinomial logit estimation; Technology adoption; Input cost saving.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119734

Precision Timing and Spatial Allocation of Economic Fertilizer Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillon,   Carl R.; Gandonou,   Jean-Marc.
Recent increases in fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, and fuel price have resulted in increased production cost for farmers.  In this paper a farm level production model that compare uniform and variable rate fertilizer (NPK) application is developed that permits an analysis of the economic performance of fertilizer management regarding profitability.  Results show that farmer's exposure to fertilizer and fuel prices risk have substantial impact both on the expected net returns and production practices for producers both uniform and variable rate technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Q12; Q15; Q55; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34955

The Nature of the Diversified Farm Household
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
This paper presents a theoretical approach that explains farm household diversification decisions by the relative attractiveness of both food production and family businesses. The empirical analysis of diversified activities of Swiss farm households shows that a low household income leads to diversification by off-farm activities, while a high income leads to diversification by on-farm activities. It is also shown that arable farms, mountain farms and farm households with a non-agricultural education are more likely to enter off-farm activities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Switzerland; Household; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; P42; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56726

Productivity Change in Polish Agriculture: An Application of a Bootstrap Procedure to Malmquist Indices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balcombe,   Kelvin George; Davidova,   Sophia; Latruffe,   Laure.
This paper employs bootstrapping to correct for bias and to construct confidence intervals for Malmquist TFP indices derived with DEA. It uses these results to investigate the productivity change in Polish agriculture during a crucial period of the country's transition to a market economy, 1996-2000, when Poland was preparing for accession to the European Union. The bias corrected estimates show regress in productivity at an annual rate of 4 percent. The confidence intervals suggest that between two-thirds and four-fifths of the sample farms (250) in different years might have experienced no change in productivity. The cluster analysis based on confidence bounds reveals three paths of productivity change. Farms which recorded an increase in productivity at...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malmquist indices; Bootstrapping; Poland; Farms; Productivity change; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12; C6.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24572

Macroeconomic Effects of the Stock Management for Irrigation and Drainage Facilities in Japan: Application of Recursive- Dynamic CGE model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kunimitsu,   Yoji.
The stock management of irrigation and drainage facilities was macro-economically evaluated. The recursive-dynamic CGE model was developed and used for policy simulation. Results demonstrated that effects of activity spread to other industries and total benefit calculated by the consumers’ surplus change was more than the total costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Model; Recursive dynamic model; Consumers’ surplus; Cost-benefit ratio; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; Public Economics; H30; Q12; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98132

Conventional Tillage versus No-till: Characteristics of Producers and Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Djido,   Abdoulaye Ibrahim; Vitale,   Jeffrey D.; Epplin,   Francis M.
A survey of Oklahoma farmers was conducted to determine characteristics of farms across three tillage categories: conventional tillage exclusively; no-till exclusively; other (combination of systems). The seven percent that use no-till exclusively crop more acres, rent more acres, and use more crop rotations than farms that use conventional tillage exclusively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: No-till; Conventional tillage; Survey; Farm machinery; Farm size; Wheat; Perceptions; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46717

BUSINESS SUMMARY NEW YORK STATE 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2009 from 204 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis uses cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 469 cows per farm and 24,208 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor, averaged $-126,820 per...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121571

Skills, Partnership and Tenancy in Sri Lanka Rice Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desilva,   Sanjaya.
This paper examines whether sharecroppers and fixed-rent tenants in the rice farms of South Asia are distinguished by their farming skills. The idea that fixed-rent contracts are typically given to relatively skilled tenants dates back to the agricultural (tenancy) ladder hypothesis of Spillman [1919]. The screening models [e.g. Hallagan 1978] that have attempted to formalize this idea assume that landlords do not observe the tenants’ skill levels. This assumption is restrictive, and has found little support in empirical studies. The principal-agent model proposed in this paper focuses on the differences between time-intensive and skillintensive labor tasks. I show that tenancy contracts are designed to match the provision of these tasks with the owners of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenancy; Farming skills; Agricultural labor; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; O13; O17; D23; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28401

Demand for Private Marketing Expertise by Organic Farmers: A Quantile Analysis Based on Counts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.
We study the demand by organic farmers for technical advice using a quantile regression for the demand of organic farmers for consultations with private information providers. There is substantial heterogeneity in the impact of critical explanatory variables on consultations of organic farmer. Larger farm size has a positive effect on contacts, but the effect is absent for the highest number of consultations. Internet use has a positive marginal effect on visits to private information providers across each quantile, suggesting that expanded efforts to deliver programs through web-based resources are a useful investment for information providers.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Technical assistance; Quantile regression model; Count data; Internet access; Marketing; C25; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123784

Potential Markets for Herbicide Resistant Maize Seed for Striga Control in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Wangare,   Lucy; Kanampiu,   Fred; Odendo,   Martins; Friesen,   Dennis.
Striga is an obligate parasitic weed attacking cereal crops in Subsaharan Africa. In Western Kenya, it is identified by farmers as their major pest problem in maize. A new technology, consisting of seed coating of herbicide tolerant maize varieties, has prove to be very effective in farmer fields. To bring this technology to the farmer, a sustainable delivery system needs to be developed, preferably through the private sector. To help of the seed companies develop a strategy, the potential market for this technology is hereby calculated, combines different data sources into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Superimposing secondary data, field surveys, agricultural statistics and farmer surveys makes it possible to clearly identify the Striga-prone...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Striga; Africa; Weeds; Pest control; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24690

Agricultural and Food Security Policy Analysis in Central America: Assessing Local Institutional Capacity, Data Availability, and Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Flores,   Luis; Mather,   David.
Performance of the agricultural sector in developing countries is fundamental to ensuring robust and equitable economic growth and broad-based food security. Yet donor support to agricultural development in developing countries has declined continuously for 30 years. This same period saw dramatic deterioration in developing countries’ institutional capacity to provide services to their agricultural sectors. These trends may now be changing, due in part to the global food price crisis of 2007 and 2008 and concerns that it unleashed about the world’s ability to feed its poorest inhabitants. This paper reports on the results of a two week trip to Guatemala and Nicaragua made by Michigan State University’s Food Security Group. The purpose of the trip was to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Guatemala; Nicaragua; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90991

Farm performance and support in Central and Western Europe: a comparison of Hungary and France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Latruffe,   Laure.
The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each country’s respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results revealed that in both the dairy and the COP sectors, Hungarian farms’ technology was the more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming in these two sectors. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology gap; Technical efficiency; Malmquist indices; Subsidies; Farms; Production Economics; P51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51053

Evolution of Crop-dairy Production Systems in South India from 1971 to 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yaguchi,   Yue; Kajisa,   Kei.
It is widely believed that not only a Green Revolution in a crop sector but also a White Revolution in a dairy sector has generated the great momentum of agricultural development in India since the late 1960s. However, due to the dominance of sector-specific analyses, the importance of the interaction between these two sectors has been neglected in the existing literature. The interaction is important in that the dairy sector provides manure to crop production while the crop sector supplies fodder to the dairy. Using household data collected in Tamil Nadu, India for three decades from 1971, we show the increase of fodder production as a byproduct of Green Revolution in 1970s enabled subsequent White Revolution in 1980s and the byproduct of the White...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green revolution; White revolution; Agricultural system; India; Production Economics; M3; O13; Q12; Q13; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25562

THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF SMALLHOLDER TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION:  THE CASE OF SRI IN MADAGASCAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moser,   Christine M.; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This paper explores the dynamics of smallholder technology adoption, with particular reference to a high-yielding, low-external input rice production method in Madagascar.  We present a simple model of technology adoption by farm households in an environment of incomplete financial and land markets.  We then use a probit model and a symmetrically trimmed least squares estimation of a dynamic Tobit model to analyze the decisions to adopt, expand and disadopt the method.  We find that seasonal liquidity constraints discourage adoption by poorer farmers.  Learning effects – both from extension agents and from other farmers– exert significant influence over adoption decisions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Learning; The System of Rice Intensification; Conformity effects; Farm Management; O0; O1; Q0; Q16; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14735

MARKET REFORMS VERSUS STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN RURAL CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Estrin,   Andrew J.
This paper adds to the debate on the impact of market reforms versus structural reforms in explaining agricultural output growth in China. A multiple-output stochastic frontier and a technical inefficiency equation are estimated using provincial data on the rural economy from 1986 to 1995. Grain self-sufficiency policies and incomplete market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to allocative inefficiency. Agricultural disinvestment shrunk the production frontier and the fragmentation of land holdings reduced technical efficiency. China'’s rural economic reform is far from being complete.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; O47; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11965

Dairy supply chain modernisation in Poland – what about those not keeping the pace?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Falkowski,   Jan; Malak-Rawlikowska,   Agata; Milczarek-Andrzejewska,   Dominika.
Taking into consideration a significant outflow of Polish farmers from dairy sector, we investigate what factors determine their decision to quit milk sales. We also analyse their current revenues and compare with that of similar households that remained in commercial milk production. Using logit model we find that severing relations with the market is mainly determined by worse endowment of farms with dairy specific assets, smaller cow herds and older age of the farm manager. Based on semi-parametric matching methods we find that in terms of revenues farms that decided for subsistence milk production perform worse than those that maintained commercial dairy business. However, more detailed analysis shows that this difference could be attributed to supply...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Milk production; Dairy supply chain; Subsistence farming; Matching methods; Poland; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52854

Eficiencia de las reglas de asignacion de agua en el regadio: asignacion a traves de mercados, de la regla proporcional y de la regla uniforme
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goetz,   Renan-Ulrich; Martinez,   Yolanda Martinez; Rodrigo,   Jofre.
En el presente trabajo se simula la introducción de diferentes métodos de reparto del agua en la agricultura, y se aplican a una zona de regadío del valle central del Ebro. En concreto, se han escogido tres métodos diferentes de asignación con el fin de comparar su eficiencia económica. Además del actual sistema proporcional y el sistema de mercado, se simulará la introducción de la regla de reparto uniforme, desarrollada en la teoría de la elección social. Los resultados permiten concluir que aunque el mercado de agua conduzca a mejores resultados globales en todos los casos, la regla uniforme puede resultar una alternativa interesante cuando las dotaciones de agua se encuentran en el intervalo habitual, mientras que en situaciones de escasez severa de...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Irrigation water management; Water market; Social choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D17; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28770

The Economics Of Growing And Delivering Cellulosic Feedstocks In The Beaumont, Texas Area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fumasi,   Roland J.; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
We estimate the contract prices that must be paid to grow cellulosic energy crops, and the costs of harvesting and transporting those crops in the Beaumont, TX area. Results indicate that the delivered price would range between $54 and $101 per ton of dry matter depending on the specific crop.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Renewable fuels; Biofuels; Alternative fuels; Cellulosic; Biomass; Feedstock; Monte Carlo simulation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6788

Off-farm Employment and Food Consumption at Home and away from Home: Evidence from Farm Households in Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hung-Hao; Yen,   Steven T.
A body of literature has addressed off-farm work by the farm household, but little is known about the association between off-farm work and food consumption. This paper investigates the extent to which off-farm employment by the farm operator and the spouse affects food expenditures at home and away from home. A dual treatment effect model is developed to estimate a simultaneous equation system of four food categories consumed at home and aggregate food away from home, with binary endogenous off-farm employment by the operator and spouse. Off-farm employment by farm operator and spouse both increase food expenditure away from home, while operator’s off-farm employment decreases staple food consumption at home. Socio-demographic characteristics also play...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm household; Food expenses; Off-farm employment.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; J21; D12; C31.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51362

Farm level impact of rural development policy: a conditional difference in difference matching approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvioni,   Cristina; Sciulli,   Dario.
We use a conditional difference-in-difference matching estimator and a 2003-2007 balanced panel drawn from the FADN Italian sample to evaluate the impact at the farm level of the implementation of the first Italian Rural Development Programme (RDP). We find that, in average, farms receiving at least a RDP payment increased family labor, while they did not increase total labour employed on farm. In addition, they experienced an increase in labor profitability and added value, even though the estimate significance varies accordingly to the matching method used. Our findings, suggest that the implementation of the first RDP produced a positive direct impact on rural GDP, while it did not prove to be effective in terms of rural employment growth.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Rural Development Policy; Conditional diff-in-diff matching; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; C14.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99421

Spatial Externalities and Vector-Borne Plant Diseases:   Pierce’s Disease and the Blue-Green Sharpshooter in the Napa Valley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Kate B.; Alston,   Julian M.; Sanchirico,   James N.
Pierce’s Disease (PD) is a bacterial disease that can kill grapevines over a span of one to three years.  In this paper, we examine and model PD and vector control decisions made at the vineyard level in the Napa Valley in an effort to understand how the pest and disease affect individual growers, and to examine spatial externality issues and potential benefits from cooperation between adjacent vineyards.  The model that we created adds to the literature by (a) treating grape vines as capital stocks that take time to reach bearing age and thus cannot be immediately replaced in the event of becoming diseased.  We also (b) relax the assumption of an interior solution by examining the boundaries of parameter space for which winegrape growing is profitable and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pierce’s Disease; Winegrapes; Perennial crop modeling; Agricultural pests and diseases; Optimal control theory; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; C61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103865

Impact of Groundwater Over-draft on Farm Income and Efficiency in Crop Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharif,   Mahin; Ashok,   K.R.
In this study, the cost of groundwater extraction, impact of groundwater depletion on farm income, wateruse efficiency, technical efficiency in crop production and costs of groundwater depletion among different categories of farmers have been reported. The study has been conducted in the Chamarajanagar district of the Karnataka state, where groundwater is the major source of irrigation. Data have been collected from over-exploited, semi-critical and safe villages. The study has shown a wide difference between large and small farms in their access to groundwater resource in terms of cost. The functional analysis has revealed that farm income is lower in over-exploited and semi-critical villages compared to safe villages. The mean technical efficiency in...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Over-draft; Farm income; Water-use efficiency; Technical efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15; Q25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119382

Impacts of the flat rates and digressive schemes on the distribution of Direct Payments in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kleinhanss,   Werner.
The Mid-Term Review and the Health Check reforms of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) include numerous options for national implementation of the Single Payment Scheme. After the far-reaching decoupling of Direct Payments, a further reform of the Common Agricultural Policy is necessary with respect to the financial guidelines to be established for the period after 2013. Referring to Germany, the principles of the hybrid and regional models and their effects on the distribution of Direct Payments are shown. With regard to future CAP, the impacts of alternative payment options are analysed based on farm individual FADN data of EU-27. Options of digressive premium schemes, including capping with regard to labour input and regionalised or EU-wide flat...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CAP; Direct Payments; Decoupling; Modulation; FADN; Financial Economics; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114754

Stochastic Production Frontiers and Decomposition of Output Growth: The case of citrus-growing farms in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Elloumi,   Mohamed.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relative contribution of technical efficiency, technological change and increased input use to the output growth of the Tunisian citrus growing farms using a stochastic frontier production function approach applied to panel data for the period 2003-2005. Knowledge of the relative contribution of factors productivity and input use to output growth and improvements in technical efficiency is crucial to provide a comprehensive view of the state of the citrus producing sector in the country and help farm managers and policy makers draw appropriate policy measures. The proposed methodology is based on the use of a flexible translog functional form. Results indicate that technical efficiency of production in citrus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Citrus sector; Tunisia; Productivity; Technical change; Technical efficiency.; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q12; O30; O47.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49953

Transmision de precios en los mercados regionales de ovino en Espana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boshnjaku,   L.; Ben Kaabia,   Monia; Gil,   Jose Maria.
Resumen El análisis de las relaciones de precios existentes en un determinado sector permiten, por un lado, ofrecer una idea aproximada del funcionamiento de los mercados y, por otro, anticipar respuestas ante shocks inesperados en mercados relacionados. El objetivo de este estudio se ha centrado en el análisis de la transmisión de precios entre los principales mercados de ovino en España. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se ha adoptado un enfoque econométrico que ha tenido en cuenta las propiedades estocásticas de las series, la posible naturaleza multivariante de los procesos de transmisión, y la distinción entre el comportamiento a corto y largo plazo. Los resultados indican que los mercados de ovino se encuentran bastante interrelacionados pudiéndose...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Price transmission; Cointegration; Lead-lag relationships; Spanish lamb sector; Demand and Price Analysis; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28747

Decoupled Direct Payments Under Base Acreage and Yield Updating Uncertainty: An Investigation of Agricultural Chemical Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peckham,   Janet G.; Kropp,   Jaclyn D.
Decoupled payments were thought to have minimal impacts on current production decisions and input use. However, the literature has identified several mechanisms through which decoupled payments become coupled. We analyze the effects of uncertainty regarding future policy changes on farm-level production decisions and input use, focusing on farmers’ expectations of base acreage and yield updating. Using farm-level data, we find positive relationships between both decoupled and other government payments and real per acre expenditures on agricultural chemicals. Furthermore, there is evidence that decoupled payments may affect the intensive margin more than other government payments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coupling; Decoupled payments; Input use; Intensive margin; Updating; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61214

BUSINESS SUMMARY NEW YORK STATE 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Putnam,   Linda D.; Karszes,   Jason.
Business and financial records for 2004 from 200 New York dairy farm businesses are summarized and analyzed. This analysis demonstrates the use of cash accounting with accrual adjustments to measure farm profitability, financial performance, and costs of producing milk. Traditional methods of analyzing dairy farm businesses are combined with evaluation techniques that show the relationship between good management performance and financial success. The farms in the project averaged 334 cows per farm and 22,070 pounds of milk sold per cow, which represent above average size and management level for New York dairy farms. Net farm income excluding appreciation, which is the return to the operator's labor, management, capital, and other unpaid family labor,...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: BUSINESS ANALYSIS; DAIRY MANAGEMENT; FARM BUSINESS SUMMARY; NEW YORK FARMS; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122088

Adoption of Technology, Management Practices, and Production Systems by U.S. Beef Cow-Calf Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pruitt,   J. Ross; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Nehring,   Richard F.; Qushim,   Berdikul.
Using USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey data, factors leading to the adoption of technology, management practices, and production systems by U.S. beef cow-calf producers are analyzed. Binary logit regression models are used to determine impacts of vertical integration; region of the U.S.; farm size, diversification, and tenure; and demographics on adoption decisions. Significant differences were found in adoption rates by region of the U.S., degree of vertical integration, and size of operation, suggesting the presence of economies of size and vertical economies of scope. Results also indicate high degrees of complementarity among technologies, management practices, and production systems.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle; Cow-calf; Management practices; Production systems; Technology adoption; Farm Management; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123778

DO ANTIBIOTICS REDUCE PRODUCTION RISK FOR U.S. PORK PRODUCERS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xuanli; Miller,   Gay Y.; McNamara,   Paul E.
Production risk from live weight variation of market pigs has become a more important concern in U.S. swine production. Packers are concerned about the variation in carcass size because of the demand for standardized cuts and the use of automation in the slaughter process. Swine producers care about standardized pigs because of revenue implications and possible links to animal health and productivity. Pig size variation can be due to various condition and inputs including antibiotics. However, discussions on risk reduction from antibiotic use have generally not been considered. Our work extends previous studies by systematically examining the aspects of production risk reduction and highlights the potential results of banning antibiotics from a risk...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production risk; Antibiotics; Swine; Utility; Stochastic dominance; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q10; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22026

Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Switchgrass Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qualls,   D. Joshua; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Clark,   Christopher D.
In the United States, biomass is the largest source of renewable energy accounting for over 3 percent of the energy consumed domestically and is currently the only source for liquid, renewable, transportation fuels. Continued development of biomass as a renewable energy source is being driven in large part by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which mandates that by 2022 at least 36 billion gallons of fuel ethanol be produced, with at least 16 billion gallons being derived from cellulose, hemi-cellulose, or lignin. However, the market for cellulosic biofuels is still under development. As such, little is known about producer response to feedstock prices paid for dedicated energy crops. While there have been some studies done on factors that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Switchgrass; Farmer Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98625

Assessing the Impacts of Single Farm Payments on Farm Investment and Output in French Arable Farms: a Dynamic Stochastic Farm Household Model with Debt Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mary,   Sebastien.
The Common Agricultural Policy has radically been reformed in 2003 with the introduction of “decoupled” direct payments. Economic theory suggests that direct payments are expected to have no impact on production in a static deterministic environment with perfect markets for capital and labour. But if factor market imperfections or uncertainty are taken into account, this is no longer true. Taking into account these potential impacts, the empirical literature has studied the impacts of farm payments. However, most studies are based on assumptions such as perfect markets, risk neutrality or static environment. Recent researches have also often neglected the role of debt constraints. The paper develops and numerically solves a dynamic stochastic farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Single Farm Payment; Farm investment; Dynamic stochastic farm household model; Debt constraints.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91681

Reimagining Farms as Managed Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Managed Ecosystems; Payment for Environmental Services; Multidisciplinary Research; Nonmarket Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q51; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94650

Explaining the Changing Institutional Organisation of Dutch Farms: The Role of Farmer's Attitude, Advisory Network and Structural Factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jongeneel,   Roelof A.; Polman,   Nico B.P.; Slangen,   Louis H.G.
Although the family farm remains the dominant organisational form for farms there are changes in the legal mode of organisation. Applying the new institutional economics and economic organisation theory the different organisation modes are explained, mainly in terms of control and income rights. Important factors are (limited) liability, risk-bearing costs, transaction costs, and residual control and income rights. In an empirical follow-up, based on a sample among 3100 farmers in the Netherlands, the impact of farmers' attitudes, farm advisory network, and structural variables on organisation choice are analysed. Especially the financial advisors appear to play a significant role in the choice of organisation mode. Other factors are age, branche...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm organisation; Ownership and management; Liability; Risk; Residual control and income rights; Attitudes; Advisory network; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24526

Live Animal Ultrasound Information as a Decision Tool in Replacement Beef Heifer Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dos Santos,   Alecsandro; Anderson,   John D.; Vann,   Rhonda C.; Willard,   Scott T.
Real-time ultrasound information taken on beef heifers prior to backgrounding is used to develop a logit model to aid heifer retention decisions. The value of ultrasound data is calculated as the difference in certainty equivalents between a decision rule incorporating ultrasound information and one using only visual cues. The value of ultrasound data is found to be around $10 per head but is influenced by heifer value and backgrounding costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Expected utility; Heifer development; Logit; Real-time ultrasound; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q11; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45529

Returns from Income Strategies in Rural Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Falkowski,   Jan; Jakubowski,   Maciej; Strawinski,   Pawel.
In order to stabilize and improve their income situation, rural households are strongly encouraged to diversify their activities both in and outside the agricultural sector. Most often, however, this phenomenon takes on only moderate proportions. This paper addresses issues of rural households’ income diversification in the case of Poland. It investigates returns from rural households’ income strategies using propensity score matching methods and extensive datasets spanning 1998-2008. Results suggest that returns from combining farm and off-farm activities were lower than returns from specialization, namely, concentrating on farming or on off-farm activities. Generally, farming seems to be the most attractive option for rural households and income...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Income diversification; Rural areas; Propensity score matching; Poland; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D31; O15; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114364

Weather Risk and the Off-­Farm  Labor Supply of Agricultural Households in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ito,   Takahiro; Kurosaki,   Takashi.
As one of the measures to smooth income, this paper focuses on the diversification of labor allocation across activities. A key feature of this paper is that it pays particular attention to differences in the covariance between weather risk and agricultural wages and between weather risk and nonagricultural wages. We estimate a multivariate tobit model of labor allocation using household data from rural areas of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. The regression results show that the share of the off­farm labor supply increases with the weather risk, and the increase is much larger in the case of nonagricultural wage work than in the case of agricultural wage work. Simulation results based on the regression estimates show that the sectoral difference is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Covariate risk; Nonfarm employment; Selfemployment; Food security; India; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; O15; J22.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25774

Solidarity Economies in Marche, Italy: current trends and perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Belletti,   Matteo; Orazi,   Francesco; Socci,   Marco; Giovagnoli,   Marco; Pojaghi,   Barbara.
The paper illustrates selected results of an exploratory research study coordinated by the “Solidarity Economy Network” of the Marche Region in Italy (REES Marche) in 2010-2011. The study was funded by Banca Popolare Etica, it involved three Universities of the Region (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Università di Macerata, Università di Camerino), adopting an interdisciplinary approach. It aimed at investigating the cultural, economic and political determinants that characterize the world of critical consumption, examining a sample of 20 GAS (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, Solidarity Purchasing Groups), 182 GAS members and 50 firms (among which 20 agricultural GAS suppliers). Data was collected through ad hoc questionnaires, in depth interviews and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Critical consumption; Active citizenship; Territorial networks; Alternative and non-market relations; Short food supply chain; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A13; D12; Z13; Q12; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124127

Effects of Seed and Farm Characteristics on Cottonseed Choice:  A Choice-Based Conjoint Experiment in the Mississippi Delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Swagata (Ban); Hudson,   Darren; Martin,   Steven W.
Producers’ preferences for cottonseed with respect to price, seed type, yield, and fiber quality are examined by a willingness-to-pay approach via mail surveys.  Results indicate a positive willingness to pay (WTP) for technology relative to conventional cottonseed, and WTP increases with the level of technology.  Yield and quality also show a positive WTP.  Larger farms have a higher WTP for technology, and farms with more farm labor have a lower WTP for technology.  These results suggest economies of size in technology adoption (biotechnology is not size-neutral) and that labor and biotechnology are direct substitutes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Conjoint analysis; Conjoint (choice) experiment; Cotton; Farm labor; Farm size; Fiber quality; Willingness to pay (WTP); D24; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37054

Explaining differences in farms efficiencies in Polish agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hockmann,   Heinrich; Pieniadz,   Agata.
This paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. When the model is applied to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the potential production increases due to the reduction of inefficiency. Additionally, our findings provide evidence of the importance of input quality for efficiency analysis. Moreover, the results indicate that farm heterogeneity is a significant determinant of agricultural production. We found that differences in productivity between the farms can partly be attributed to farm size, degree of integration in the product markets and incurred transaction...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Agriculture; Firm heterogeneity; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; C23; D24; L23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51051

Financing Constraints and the Family Farm: How do Families React?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartarska,   Valentina M.; Mai,   Chi.
This paper explores the idea that off-farm income is used for investment in farm assets. Using Alabama farm data for the 1997-2004 period, we find that farm investment is more sensitive to off-farm than to on-farm income, and that this sensitivity is stronger for farms with sales less than $250,000.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Q12; Q14; G11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6861

Rural livelihoods in the EU new member states: subsistence production versus market integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fredriksson,   Lena; Davidova,   Sophia; Bailey,   Alastair.
Commercialisation of small farmers, of which many are subsistence farmers producing mainly for own consumption needs, is an important policy objective for the restructuring process of the farm structure in the EU New Member States (NMS). Drawing on primary survey data from five EU NMS, this paper first assesses the importance of subsistence farming in the NMS through the valuation of subsistence production at market prices. Secondly, the paper analyses the differences between subsistence and commercial households. Where previous studies normally classify households as subsistence or commercial based on a pre-defined threshold, the use of latent class regression in this paper represents a way to systematically analyse heterogeneous groups of households in a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural households; Subsistence; Commercialisation; Market integration; Latent class regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94902

Survival and Growth of Family Farms in a Transition Country – The Hungarian Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Ferto,   Imre.
The paper investigates the validity of Gibrat’s Law in Hungarian agriculture. We use FADN data between 2001 and 2007 and employ quantile regression techniques to test the validity of Gibrat’s Law across quantiles. The Law is strongly rejected for all quantiles, providing strong evidence that smaller farms tend to grow faster than larger ones. We provide a number of socio-economic factors that can explain farm growth. Of these we found that total subsidies received by farm and far operator’s age are the most significant factors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gibrat’s Law; Family farm; Quantile regression; Transition agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; P32; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52846

Effect of Prices, Traits and Market Structure on Corn Seeding Density
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Shi,   Guanming; Ma,   Xingliang; Lauer,   Joseph G.
Recent agronomic research finds that economically optimal seeding densities have likely increased for many Midwestern corn farmers as a result of genetic improvements including new GM traits such as Bt corn and herbicide tolerance.  We derive a per acre demand model for hybrid seed corn to examine the determinants of corn seeding densities and estimate the model using a large data set of individual farmer seed corn purchases.  Current results identify factors other than prices affecting farmer corn seeding densities.  Among these factors are the GM trait of the seed corn, measures of the local seed corn market structure, seed purchase source and intended end use.  We interpret these effects in terms of information effects—farmers with more/better access to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hybrid seed corn; Bt corn; Herbicide tolerance; Herfindahl index; Corn borer; Rootworm; Hyperbolic yield model; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; D2; D21; Q1; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49520

Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency in European Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Ferto,   Imre; Latruffe,   Laure; Desjeux,   Yann; Soboh,   Rafat; Dolman,   Mark.
Technical efficiency has long been analysed as a measure of farm performance, however most studies are restricted to a single country case. This paper presents a comparative analysis of field crop and dairy farm performance across eight EU countries, including two New Member States (NMS), focusing on long run stability and mobility patterns. The main research question is how relative performance of farms fluctuates over time, i.e. whether poorly performing farms remain always inefficient whilst some farms are always very efficient. Results show that on average 60% of farms maintain their efficiency ranking in two consecutive years, whilst 20% improve and 20% worsen their positions, for all countries. Due to the unstable economic conditions, farms in NMS...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm technical efficiency; SFA; FADN; Stability analysis; Farm Management; P52; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114235

Nutrient Best Management Practice Insurance and Farmer Perceptions of Adoption Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.
This paper explores the effect farmer perceptions concerning how best management practice (BMP) adoption changes the profit distribution have on BMP adoption incentives and the  potential for insurance to  increase these incentives.  Adoption indifference curves illustrate the effect of farmer perceptions on BMP adoption incentives and the potential for insurance to expand the set of perceptions consistent with adoption.  Empirical analysis quantifies these conceptual results for nutrient BMP insurance, a new policy available to corn farmers as part of a USDA-Risk Management Agency pilot program in four states.  Results indicate that nutrient BMP insurance can have economically relevant effects on farmer adoption incentives.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption indifference curves; Crop insurance; Fertilizer; Green insurance; D8; Q12; Q16; Q21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43460

Factors Affecting Adoption of Recommended Management Practices in Stocker Cattle Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Rachel J.; Doye,   Damona G.; Lalman,   David L.; Peel,   Derrell S.; Raper,   Kellie Curry; Chung,   Chanjin.
Binary logit regression models were used to estimate factors affecting adoption of recommended management practices. Variables analyzed include aspects of farm structure, human capital, farm objectives, and production system employed by the producer. Results reveal that operation size and dependency upon income from the stocker operation, in particular, influence the adoption of recommended practices. Older producers and those pursuing a year-round production strategy were found to lag in adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef production; Logit; Management practices; Stocker cattle; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57153

Pluriactivity Decisions by Farm Households in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvioni,   Cristina; Sciulli,   Dario; Parodi,   Giuliana.
In this article we test whether in Italy the off-farm participation decisions of household members in working age are taken jointly and what are the variables that affect them. We find that the decisions of the operator, the spouse and the eldest child are not joint. Conversely, the participation decision of the operator and the spouse, that is of the two household's members belonging to the same generation, are found to be joint. The results suggest that policy actions for the purpose of encouraging off-farm participation rely on measures geared at improving the level of education and providing childcare services.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Off-farm work participation; Multivariate probit; Household models; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; C35; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24550

SERVING PRODUCERS IN VOLATILE TIMES REPORT FROM THE 2008 LARGE COMMERCIAL PRODUCER SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexander,   Corinne E.; Boehlje,   Michael; Downey,   W. Scott; Gray,   Allan W.; Gunderson,   Michael A.; Roucan-Kane,   Maud.
Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business undertook the 2008 Large Commercial Producer Survey with the goal of providing food and agribusiness firms with a clear depiction of the commercial producers—a group that purchases the majority of agricultural inputs. This survey summarizes the results of more than 2,500 farm operator interviews completed in January and February 2008. The center first conducted this survey in 1993 and collects new data every five years. This study offers a broad look at changes in farm businesses over time. In addition to demographic information, the questions specifically explore the goals, attitudes and buying behaviors of large commercial farming and ranching operations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercial producers; Buying behavior; Attitudes; Demographic; Goals; Large farms; Agribusiness; Q12; Q14; G32; J11; D2; M21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56116

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND LARGE FARMS IN MOLDOVA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Sutton,   William R.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of small and large farms in Moldova based primarily on cross-section data from three farm surveys conducted by the World Bank and USAID in 2000 and 2003. The survey data are supplemented where feasible with time series from official national-level statistics. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis algorithms) for the two categories of small individual farms and large corporate farms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that small individual farms in Moldova are more productive and more efficient than large corporate farms. This finding is not restricted...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Technical efficiency; Total factor productivity; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Farm Management; D24; J24; P27; P31; P32; Q12; Q15; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7133

Approche méthodologique. Analyse de la compétitivité et l'évolution des avantages comparatifs dans la sous-région.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse; Crawford,   Eric W.; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mali; Food security; Rice; Maize; West Africa; Competivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q12; Q18; Q17; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58550

Economic Incentives for Entry and Exit in Gum Arabic Agroforestry System in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rahim,   Afaf H.; van Ierland,   Ekko C.; Wesseler,   Justus.
The gum tree (Acacia senegal) in the Sahel-Sudan zone has many environmental benign functions. An important function is to control desertification. In this paper we analyze farmers' economic incentives to preserve the existing gum trees and their incentives to create new plantations using a real options approach. Results indicate that agricultural crops provide higher economic benefits as compared to gum agroforestry system. However, on the one hand, as gum arabic is produced during the dry period and land is abundant, there are low incentives for deforestation. Instead, farmers' tend to leave the land idle and let the tree growing. On the other hand, our results suggest that an increase in the prices of gum arabic of about 330 per cent is needed to induce...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gum arabic; Deforestation; Entry and exit; Real options; Sudan; Crop Production/Industries; D4; N5; O13; Q12; Q23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25720

MUDANÇAS NO PADRÃO TECNOLÓGICO DO CORTE DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: UMA ANÁLISE DO CASO PARANAENSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Junqueira,   Clarissa Pereira; Sterchile,   Shirla Patricia Weber; Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis.
Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise acerca das causas da adoção do padrão tecnológico da colheita mecanizada no setor sucroalcooleiro do Paraná, sob a ótica na Nova Economia Institucional e mediante pesquisa de campo (via entrevistas). Como resultado, tem-se que a mecanização da colheita de cana-de-açúcar no Paraná vem sendo adotada por pressões competitivas de mercado e induzida pela conjugação de vários fatores: escassez de mão-de-obra no Estado; pressões ambientais e de mercados; mudança do padrão tecnológico e de custos imputado por São Paulo, líder do setor.---------------------------------------------The article has a purpose to do an analysis about the causes of the adoption at the technological standard of the harvest mechanized in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ambiente institucional; Colheita mecanizada; Cana-de-açúcar; Institutional environment; Harvest mechanized; Sugar cane; Farm Management; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109125

Financing Constraints and Access to Credit in Post Crisis Environment: Evidence from New Farmers in Alabama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartarska,   Valentina M.; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.
We use survey data to study the level of financing constrains faced by new farmers in Alabama post 2008, and identify who got loans. We find that new farmers are financially constrained but not impacted by the crisis. Lending was collateral driven, although lenders also considered profitability and cash flows.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financing constraints; Access to agricultural credit; New farmers; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; G31; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119799

Sustainability of Corn Stover Harvest for Biomass
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sesmero,   Juan P.
Off-farm demand for crop residues is expected to grow as bioenergy policies become effective. Demand for residues will provide farmers with an additional source of revenue but it may also trigger losses in soil organic carbon and increases in fertilizer application. This study develops a dynamic economic model of stover harvest that permits conceptualization and quantification of these potential tradeoffs. We parameterize our model based on publicly available studies of soil biophysical relationships in the Corn Belt. Under these parameter values and 2010 corn and fertilizer prices harvesting stover is not economically convenient at prices below $53 per dry ton of stover. Results suggest that the rate of stover harvest may be quite sensitive and negatively...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stover supply; Biomass; Soil productivity; Soil organic carbon; Nitrogen; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q12; Q24; Q42; Q53.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103765

Distinguishing Different Industry Technologies and Localized Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.
When different technologies are present in an industry, assuming a homogeneous technology will lead to misleading implications about technical change and inefficient policy recommendations. In this paper a latent class modelling approach and flexible estimation of the production structure is used to distinguish different technologies for a representative sample of E.U. dairy producers, as an industry exhibiting significant structural changes and differences in production systems in the past decades. The model uses a transformation function to recognize multiple outputs; separate technological classes based on multiple characteristics, a flexible generalized linear functional form, a variety of inputs, and random effects to capture firm heterogeneity; and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogenous Technologies; Transformation Function; Localized Technical Change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; O33; C35.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99834

Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Bioenergy Crops as a Production Alternative on an East Tennessee Beef and Crop Farm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffith,   Andrew P.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; McLemore,   Dan L.
This study evaluated prices and incentives for switchgrass stated in a biorefinery’s contract terms that induce switchgrass production on an east Tennessee representative farm when compared with traditional enterprises.  The alternate contract terms imitated current subsidies/incentives offered as well as incentives and cost share terms not in the BCAP.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Switchgrass; Contract; Risk aversion; Net return; Farm Management; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46811

Structural Adjustment Processes of Farming Enterprises: The Role of Trust for Cooperation and Collaboration Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albisser,   Gregor.
As a consequence of the reorientation of the Swiss as well as the European agricultural policy, prices for agricultural products drop and farmers have to reduce their production costs or will lose income. Therefore a lot of farmers have a high incentive to change their production structures. One of the most effective strategies to reduce production costs is going into cooperation and collaboration with other farmers. Therewith farmers can profit from scale effects without changing the property rights. Several case studies as well as results from modeling reveal that farmers have more income with less workload. In reality only 3% of Swiss farmers have gone into a collective farming system. Weaker forms of cooperation like sharing machinery are more common...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agent-based simulation; Structural change; Cooperation strategies; Collaboration; Agribusiness; Farm Management; C61; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6576

Participation by Men and Women in Off-Farm Activities: an Empirical Analysis in Rural Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Sun,   Yan.
The paper evaluates the household- and community-level factors influencing women’s and men’s decisions to participate in off-farm activities, either in the off-farm labor market or in local community groups, and the relationship with on-farm crop returns. Results reveals female participation in off-farm labor markets increases at higher levels of labor availability, and female on-farm work and group participation are complementary activities.  Results also indicate that male labor is relatively more productive on-farm versus off-farm than female labor. Finally, the study shows that education increases the likelihood for both women and men to work off-farm, although the impact is greater for women.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Off-farm labor supply; Participation; Community groups; Gender; Labor and Human Capital; J22; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51040

Agri-environmental Regulation on the Back of a Data Envelopment Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Benedict; Raguragavan,   Jananee; Chambers,   Robert G.
A land retirement policy whereby land is taken out of agriculture and converted to natural vegetation or forestry has the potential to reduce environmental damage related to dryland salinity in Western Australia. This paper uses some recent results in the theory of directional distance functions (Chambers and Fare, 2004) to analyse alternative policy designs for a land retirement scheme. The results indicate that a fixed price scheme is inefficient compared with a first-best solution, but performs adequately. A scheme requiring a fixed proportion of area retired by all producers is inefficient. A separating solution, based on mechanism design, gives a small but significant increase in welfare compared to a fixed price scheme.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Distance functions; Efficiency; Mechanism design; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7963

Classification of Agri-Tourism / Rural Tourism SMEs in Poland (on the Example of the Wielkopolska Region)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Przezborska,   Lucyna.
The paper is based on data from a questionnaire survey (interviews) conducted in the western part of Poland on 183 rural tourism and agri-tourism small and medium enterprises. The classification of enterprises was based on the methodology proposed by Wysocki (1996) and included the k-means clustering algorithm. As the result of the research three types of SMEs were separated, including the top resilient enterprises aimed mainly at tourism activity and usually connected with horse recreation, a cluster of mixed SMEs for which tourism activity was an additional and less important source of income, and a group of SMEs for which tourism activity was an additional but important source of income. The classification may be used as a hint for rural development...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-tourism; Rural tourism; SMEs; Rural development; Poland; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24670

ASSET, ACTIVITY, AND INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG AFRICAN AGRICULTURALISTS: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper starts from the premise that diversification of assets, activities, and incomes is important to African rural households, in that diversification into nonfarm income constitutes on average about 45 percent of incomes, and the push and pull factors driving that diversification are bound to persist. From that premise, we noted that the empirical study of diversification has been beset by practical problems and issues relating to (1) definitions and concepts, (2) data collection, and to (3) measurement of the nature and extent of diversification. The paper addressed each of those problems. Two points are of special interest to the overall conceptualization of diversification research. The first is that empirical studies have exhibited a wide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O; Q12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14734

Access to Land, Income Diversification and Poverty Reduction in Rural Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Odumbe,   Michael; Marenya,   Paswel Phiri.
The increasing land scarcity and the worsening trend of poverty in Kenya in recent years have raised concerns about the focus on land-based agriculture as the basis of growth in the rural areas. This paper combines two complementary data sets obtained from two locations in Kenya, drawn against distinctively different land availability patterns, to examine the diverse rural asset base and key sources of livelihood in the rural areas. The analysis reveals that while access to productive land is still an important determinant of livelihoods in the rural areas, even where land holdings are very small, growth in farm productivity alone may not guarantee households sufficient incomes to escape poverty. We find evidence to suggest that growth of non-farm sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Livelihoods; Land holding; Assets; Kenya.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q15; Q18; O18; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25488

Economic Consequences of Biological Variation: The Case of Mycoplasma in Swine Herds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Lars.
We present an economic decision support model, based on a Bayesian network, for Mycoplasma infection in slaughter swine production. The model describes the various risk factors for Mycoplasma infection and their interactions. This leads to a stochastic determination of the consequences of productivity factors, and this again results in stochastic economic consequences when changing the risk factors or engaging in control arrangements. We use the model to calculate how estimated prevalence and level of Mycoplasma changes when we gather evidence from various veterinarian examinations, and we show how this influences the distribution of the economic results of a change in strategy to fight Mycoplasma. One result is that the profitability in fighting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decision support system; Bayesian network; Pig; Mycoplasma; Livestock Production/Industries; C11; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24458

Management of Volatility in the Grain Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guenther-Luebbers,   Welf; Henke,   Soren; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Food prices have steadily risen since the 1990s, and price were especially volatile in the years 2008 and 2010. This trend has also been reflected in the European grain market, which presents all European companies along the food value chain with new challenges. This paper focuses on the impacts of increased price volatility on the grain market. Furthermore, it describes and evaluates government interventions attempting to reduce this volatility. At the same time, it describes and assesses private management methods of dealing with price volatility. In this article, we provide an opportunity to understand how the European cereals market evolved to reach its present state and suggest future possible price assurance systems, such as insurance for the basic...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Management; Volatility; Grain Market; Risk and Uncertainty; Q 10; Q12; Q14; Q 17; Q 18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122548

Tomato Farmers and Modern Markets in Nicaragua: A Duration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hernandez,   Ricardo; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper explores whether farm land and non-land assets determine the participation of tomato growers in modern markets in Nicaragua, and how farmers’ duration as supermarket suppliers affects the farm technology they use. The methodology is based on a survival analysis approach. We use data from a stratified random sample of tomato farmers in Nicaragua over a 10-year period. Our results show that participation in supermarket supply chains as supermarket supplier is not determined by farm size, contrary to a common hypothesis, and thus small farmers can be supermarket suppliers. However, non-land assets are important determinants of being in the modern channel: these assets include irrigation, nonfarm assets (linked to nonfarm employment) and education....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Nicaragua; Technology Adoption; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O19; O54; O13; Q12; Q13; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121802

EU Preferential Partners in Search of New Policy Strategies for Agriculture: The Case of Citrus Sector in Trinidad and Tobago
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacque,   Andrew Eliel; Dell'Aquila,   Crescenzo; Perito,   Maria Angela.
The paper assesses the competitive position of T&amp;T's citrus industry and explains the declining productivity. It covers supply chain and agricultural trade policy issues and involves assembling two Policy Analysis Matrices, either with full cost of production or excluding establishment costs. Domestic and trade policy support shows significant for the sector. Production is internationally competitive, or possesses comparative advantage, only if costs of establishment are excluded. These results suggest that free trade agreements under the FTAA and the ACP-EU would work against the planting of new orchards and reinforce the decline of the sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Policy analysis matrix; Agricultural trade policy; Citrus industry; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q13; F13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24608

Measuring the Effects of Decoupled Payments on Indica Rice Production Under the 1996 and 2002 Farm Bills
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Anthony D.; Judge,   Rebecca P.
As a heavily subsidized crop with significant exports, rice bears at least a superficial similarity to upland cotton, which causes some to speculate that current rice policy exposes the U.S. to the same WTO sanctions as were levied in 2005 against U.S. cotton subsidies.  This paper examines the impact of decoupled payments on U.S. indica rice production in the southern states of Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Louisiana and Texas, a region chosen because it accounts for nearly all U.S. rice exports to Central and South America.  Using Arellano’s and Bond’s generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique for dynamic panel models on county-level data, we find that both direct and counter-cyclical payments exert significant, positive effects on...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice policy; Farm commodity programs; Acreage response; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120073

Economic Appraisal of Kinnow Production and its Marketing under North-Western Himalayan Region of Jammu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhat,   Anil R.S.; Kachroo,   Jyoti; Kachroo,   Dileep.
An economic analysis of kinnow has been presented through studying their costs and returns. The average first year establishment costs per acre for kinnow has been worked out to be ` 5298, while its total establishment costs has been found as ` 12707. The overall per acre per year returns from kinnow orchards have been worked out to be ` 6632. The overall economic viability of the kinnow fruit, mainly net present value, internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio and payback period have been computed as ` 7929, 15.42 per cent, 1.52 and 7.6 years, respectively. The average per quintal marketing cost at producers’ level has been found to vary to the extent of ` 450, ` 375, ` 303 and ` 223 for channels I, II, III and IV, respectively. The average per quintal...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Kinnow production; Economic analysis of kinnow; Jammu region; Marketing channels of kinnow; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119381

Production Risk, Farmer Welfare, and Bt Corn in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanglestsawai,   Santi; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Yorobe,   Jose M., Jr.
This article examines the production risk effects and welfare implications of Bt corn adoption in the Philippines by specifically considering the impact of Bt on the mean, variance, and skewness of yields. Assessing the skewness effects of Bt provides further inferences about the downside risk protection of this technology in a developing country context. Stochastic production function estimation is utilized to achieve the study objective, including an approach that allows for examining the skewness effects of Bt within a damage abatement specification. Our results indicate that Bt corn do not have a statistically significant risk-reducing (i.e., variance-reducing) or downside risk-reducing (i.e., skewness-increasing) effect, the main benefit is through...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt corn; Damage Abatement; GM crop; Production Risk; Downside risk; Skewness; Stochastic Production Function; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q1.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124237

Production Risk and Technical Inefficiency in Russian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bokusheva,   Raushan; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of possible causes of considerable production variability that characterised Russian agriculture during the last decade. The study investigates production risk and technical inefficiency as two sources that influence production variability. Using panel data from 1996 to 2001, an empirical analysis of 443 large agricultural enterprises from three regions in central, southern and Volga Russia is conducted. A production function specification accounting for the effect of inputs on both risk and technical inefficiency is found to describe production technologies of Russian farms more appropriately than the traditional stochastic frontier formulation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production risk; Technical efficiency; Panel data; Russian agriculture; Production Economics; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24610

The Dynamics of Farm Land Allocation - Short and Long Run Reactions in Long Micro Panel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arnberg,   Soren; Hansen,   Lars Garn.
This study develops a dynamic multi-output model of farmers’ crop allocation decisions that allows estimation of both short-run and long-run adjustments to a wide array of economic incentives.  The method can be used to inform decision makers on a number of issues including agricultural policy reform and environmental regulation.  The model allows estimation of dynamic effects relating to price expectations adjustment, investment lags, and crop rotation constraints.  Estimation is based on micro-panel data from Danish farmers that includes acreage, output, and variable input utilization at the crop level.  Results indicate that there are substantial differences between the short- and long-run land allocation behavior of Danish farmers and that there are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land allocation; Crop rotation; System of dynamic equations; Micro panel data; GMM; Land Economics/Use; C33; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9978

Trade, Standards and Poverty. Evidence from Senegal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maertens,   Miet; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data from the vegetable export chain in Senegal. We find that exports have grown sharply despite increasing standards, resulting in important income gains and poverty reduction. Our estimates indicate that poverty is 14 % points lower due to vegetable exports. Tightening food standards induced a shift from smallholder contract-based farming to large-scale integrated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade; Poverty; Standards; Vertical coordination; Contract farming; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I3; Q12; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7924

Strukturwandel in der europäischen Milchviehhaltung: Ergebnisse einer regional differenzierten Befragung
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lutter,   Markus.
Zusammenfassung: Der Wettbewerbsdruck in der europäischen Milchviehhaltung nimmt durch die fortschreitende Liberalisierung des EU­Milchmarktes zu. Bestehende agrarökonomische Forschungsmethoden sind nur begrenzt dazu in der Lage, belastbare Abschätzungen der regionalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und künftiger Standortverlagerungen innerhalb Europas zu treffen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, in einem explorativen Verfahren einen Befragungsansatz zu schaffen, mit dem ein ergänzender Beitrag für eine solche Vorhersage geleistet werden kann. Der Befragungsansatz wurde innerhalb der Netzwerke „European Dairy Farmers“ und „agri benchmark“ entwickelt und in europäischen Milchviehbetrieben eingesetzt. Eine nicht repräsentative Auswahl dieser Betriebe bildet die...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Milchproduktion; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Standortorientierung; Betriebs­management; Netzwerk; Befragung; Regionalanalyse; Dairy production; Competitiveness; Dairy production areas; Farm management; Network; Survey; Regional analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108254

Input, Output Technical Efficiencies and Total Factor Productivity of Cereal Production in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Bahri,   Haithem; Annabi,   Mohamed.
In this paper, farm level technical efficiency of production and its determinants are investigated in a sample of 51 cereal producing farms located in the main cereal production region in Tunisia using a stochastic frontier production model.   Empirical findings show that labor input factor appears with a minimal effect on the production. The hypothesis of constant returns to scale is rejected at the 5% level of significance, and returns to scale were found to be decreasing. Moreover, the estimated coefficients in the technical inefficiency model are also as expected. The estimated coefficients of the instruction level of farmer and the rotation, technical variable, are negatives and statistically significant at 5% level, which indicates their positive...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Timmer index; Kopp index; TFP; Cereal farms; Tunisia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C43; O47; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122866

The Value of Crop Borders for Management of Potato Virus Y (PVY) in Seed Potatoes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Badibanga,   Thaddee Mutumba; Radcliffe,   Edward B.; Ragsdale,   David W.
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a very serious problem throughout most major seed potato producing states. Seed potato producers in Minnesota and North Dakota were surveyed in early 2005 to assess their perception of the profitability and risks associated with using crop borders to manage PVY in seed lots. Twenty-three producers responded (a 25% response rate), and 5 said they had used crop borders in 2004. These 23 producers entered 152 seed lots into state seed certification programs and provided detailed information on 108. The median number of seed lots rejected for PVY was 1 per producer based on summer inspection and 0 based on winter trials. Of the 108 lots, 104 passed summer inspection for PVY. Seventy-four percent of the 89 lots sent in for the winter...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25717

The Ancillary Carbon Benefits of SO2 Reductions from a Small-Boiler Policy in Taiyuan, PRC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Zhang,   Xuehua.
To reduce carbon emissions worldwide, it makes sense to consider the possibility of developed countries paying for carbon reductions in developing countries. Developing countries may be interested in such activities if the ancillary air pollution benefits are large. This paper reports on an RFF survey of the emissions benefits (and costs) of reducing sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from small, coal-burning boilers in Taiyuan, an industrial, northern Chinese city that recently banned uncontrolled coal combustion in certain small boilers in the downtown area. We find significant carbon benefits in percentage terms-on the order of 50% to 95% reduction-associated with this SO2 control policy, with large reduction potential elsewhere in Taiyuan and China. While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Air pollution; Informal sector; Ancillary benefits; Abatement costs; Survey; Environmental Economics and Policy; O12; L2; Q12; Q25; Q48.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10632

Cost and Return Structure for the Promising Enterprise of Off-Season Vegetables in Himachal Pradesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bala,   Brij; Sharma,   Nikhil; Sharma,   R.K.
The costs and returns structure has been reported for the production of major off-season vegetables, viz. tomato, cabbage cauliflower and peas in two vegetable-dominated developmental blocks of the district Kullu. Primary data have been collected through survey method for the agricultural year 2007-08. The study has revealed that per hectare cost A1 was highest for tomato, followed by cabbage, cauliflower and lowest for peas, among the selected vegetables. However, per quintal cost of cultivation has been found to be highest for peas, followed by cauliflower, tomato and cabbage. Costs on plant protection measures have been the major constituents of cost A1 in all the crops, followed by expenditure on seed and fertilizers. Vegetables being the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Off-season vegetables; Himachal Pradesh; Cabbage; Tomato; Cauliflower; Peas; Cropping pattern; Economics of off-season vegetables; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q13; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109512

Alternative Crop Insurance Indexes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deng,   Xiaohui; Barnett,   Barry J.; Hoogenboom,   Gerrit; Yu,   Yingzhuo; Garcia y Garcia,   Axel.
Three index-based crop insurance contracts are evaluated for representative south Georgia corn farms. The insurance contracts considered are based on indexes of historical county yields, yields predicted from a cooling degree-day production model, and yields predicted from a crop-simulation model. For some of the representative farms, the predicted yield index contracts provide yield risk protection comparable to the contract based on historical county yields, especially at lower levels of risk aversion. The impact of constraints on index insurance choice variables is considered and important interactions among constrained, conditionally optimized, choice variables are analyzed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Area yield insurance; Cooling degree days; DSSAT; Group risk plan; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; G13; G22; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45521

Adoption of Site-Specific Information and Variable-Rate Technologies in Cotton Precision Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Goodman,   W. Robert; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Shurley,   W. Donald; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Probit analysis identified factors that influence the adoption of precision farming technologies by Southeastern cotton farmers. Younger, more educated farmer who operated larger farms and were optimistic about the future of precision farming were most likely to adopt site-specific information technology. The probability of adopting variable-rate input application technology was higher for younger farmers who operated larger farms, owned more of the land they farmed, were more informed about the costs and benefits of precision farming, and were optimistic about the future of precision farming. Computer use was not important, possibly because custom hiring shifts the burden of computer use to agribusiness firms.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Grid soil sampling; Precision farming; Probit; Sample selection; Site-specific information; Technology adoption; Variable-rate application; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42943

FARM INVESTMENT, CREDIT RATIONING, AND PUBLIC CREDIT POLICY IN POLAND: A MICROECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the effects of governmentally promoted credit access on the investment behaviour of credit rationed farmers. This is done by specifying an empirical investment equation which is estimated on a cross-sectional sample of Polish farm household data. In contrast to conventional neo-classical investment models, the investment equation contains the financial variable long-term credit access, which plays the central role in this study. The econometric analysis is used to analyse the determinants of credit access and estimate the marginal effect of credit on investment, which in turn provides the key information for policy evaluation. The results suggest that access to subsidised credit has a significant role in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm investment; Credit policy; Poland; Microeconometrics; Agricultural Finance; Q12; Q14; P32.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14872

Estimating the Implicit Value of Crop Stubble as a Barrier to Technology Adoption in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magnan,   Nicholas; Larson,   Douglas M.
For mixed cereal-livestock farmers, cereal production provides a bundle of goods. Grain is consumed by the household or sold at market, and crop residues are used as livestock feed. The straw component of crop residue can be bought and sold at market and therefore has a well-established local market price. Crop stubble, the portion of the crop residue left on the ground, is generally not traded and therefore has no market price. Some agricultural technologies require farmers to forgo using crop stubble as feed, and cultivation of high value crops entails sacrificing residue production altogether. In this paper we apply a structural econometric model to household data from Morocco to estimate the implicit value of crop stubble. We use a sample splitting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mixed cereal-livestock systems; Non-market valuation; Land use; Technology adoption; No-till; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; O33; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60858

Who are the Real Gainers of Trade Liberalization in Kenya's Maize Sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzuma,   Jonathan M.; Sarker,   Rakhal.
In Kenya, trade policy reforms in the cereals sector were initiated as a key component of the economy-wide structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) during the mid 1980s. The SAPs were later strengthened and made irreversible by Kenya’s commitments at the multilateral trade negotiations. However, the welfare effects of these trade policy reforms remain controversial. This paper to quantifies the market and welfare impacts of trade liberalization in Kenya’s maize sector using a partial equilibrium model with market interrelationships at the farm, wholesale and retail levels. The model is calibrated to simulate a 24 percent reduction in maize import tariffs and a complete abolition of tariffs. The simulations results suggest that tariff reductions yield price...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Maize; Partial equilibrium analysis; Welfare effects; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I32; C68; O24; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95972

Cow-Calf Producer Perceptions Regarding Individual Animal Traceability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.
This study provides valuable insights into cow-calf producer voluntary participation in the National Animal Identification System and producers’ perceptions of several issues critically impacting the success of voluntary traceability systems. Cow-calf producers believe that the most important issues to the U.S. beef industry in designing a national, individual animal traceability system are monitoring/managing disease, maintaining current foreign markets, accessing foreign markets, and increasing consumer confidence. Furthermore, producers are concerned with cost, liability, reliability of technology, failure of system to meet stated goals, and confidentiality of information associated with these systems.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal traceability; Cow-calf; National Animal Identification System; Voluntary adoption; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q18; R38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100517

Evading Farm Support Reduction via Efficient Input Use: The Case of Greek Cotton Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pantzios,   Christos J.; Rozakis,   Stelios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
The present paper examines the importance that efficient resource use may have for cotton growers under the current EU policy regime. To that end, input-oriented technical and scale efficiency score for a sample of 172 cotton-growing farms are empirically quantified. The results suggest that cotton farms in the sample are not efficient mainly due to the nature of the policy regime governing the sector throughout EU. By becoming efficient, the co-responsibility levy will be reduced by 18.3% and farms may increase their profits by 50.1% on the average.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Co-responsibility levy; Cotton farms; Goal programming; Greece; Scale and technical efficiency; Stochastic frontier model; Production Economics; D24; Q12; Q16; C61.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43787

Spatial Economic Analysis in Data-Rich Environments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bell,   Kathleen P.; Dalton,   Timothy J.
Controlling for spatial effects in micro-economic studies of consumer and producer behavior necessitates a range of analytical modifications ranging from modest changes in data collection and the definition of variables to dramatic changes in the modeling of consumer and producer decision-making.  This paper discusses conceptual, empirical, and data issues involved in modeling the spatial aspects of economic behavior in data rich environments. Attention is given to established and emerging agricultural economic applications of spatial data and spatial econometric methods at the micro-scale.  Recent applications of individual and household data are featured, including models of land-use change at the urban-rural interface, agricultural land values, and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; Q10; Q12; Q15; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25241

Mitigating Cotton Revenue Risk Through Irrigation, Insurance, and Hedging
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barham,   E. Hart Bise; Robinson,   John R.C.; Richardson,   James W.; Rister,   M. Edward.
This study focuses on managing cotton production and marketing risks using combinations of irrigation levels, put options (as price insurance), and crop insurance. Stochastic cotton yields and prices are used to simulate a whole-farm financial statement for a 1,000 acre furrow irrigated cotton farm in the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley under 16 combinations of risk management strategies. Analyses for risk-averse decision makers indicate that multiple irrigations are preferred. The benefits to purchasing put options increase with yields, as they are more beneficial when higher yields are expected from applying more irrigation applications. Crop insurance is strongly preferred at lower irrigation levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Crop insurance; Irrigation; Options; Puts; Risk; Simulation; Stochastic efficiency with respect to a function; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117946

How Can Micro-Level Household Information Make a Difference for Agricultural Policy Making: Selected Examples from the KAMPAP Survey of Smallholder Agriculture and Non Farm Activities for Selected Districts in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argwings-Kodhek,   Gem; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Nyambane,   Gerald G.; Awuor,   Tom; Yamano,   Takashi.
Agriculture forms the foundation of Kenya’s economy. However, the information base on agriculture % including basic indicators on farmers’ input, production, and marketing behavior, household food consumption patterns, etc. % is weak and largely outdated. Agricultural policy is largely made on the basis of conventional wisdom about the way things work. In a dynamic, evolving economy, long-standing perceptions may become increasingly inconsistent with current reality, particularly when the system has been exposed to dramatic changes such as structural adjustment, market liberalization, and the advent of new technology. In such a setting, entrenched perceptions about the way farmers, traders and consumers actually behave may lead to unintended and even...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Agricultural policy; Food security; Household; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q12.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57056

DOES NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NORTHERN ALBANIA OFFER AN ESCAPE FROM RURAL POVERTY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Wiebke; Mollers,   Judith; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
The paper uses up-to-date household data from two Northern-Albanian regions. It summarises socio-economic facts on taking up remunerative non-farm employment and identifies the determinants of non-farm income diversification at the farm household level based on a binary logistic regression. Furthermore, the paper provides insight in the northern-Albanian farming structure, migration patterns, attitudes towards and reasons for income diversification into the non-farm sector. Income diversification indeed has a positive impact on the welfare of the households: A statistically significant increasing trend in incomes with rising diversification level was observed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-farm income diversification; Farm households; Migration; Albania; Ausserlandwirtschaftliche Einkommensdiversifizierung; Landwirtschaftliche Haushalte; Migration; Albanien; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; R23; F22; P36.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91912

Farm Level Impacts of Bt Corn Adoption in a Developing Country: Evidence from the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.; Pan,   Suwen; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Yorobe,   Jose M., Jr.
This article examines the ex post farm-level impacts of Bt corn adoption in the Philippines. Using an econometric approach that addresses simultaneity, selection, and censoring problems, we show that Bt corn adoption provides modest but statistically significant increases in farm-level yields and profits. Furthermore, our results suggest that farm-level yield and profit impacts of Bt corn adoption are underestimated when censoring in the pesticide application variable is not considered in the estimation procedures. Previous literature have emphasized the importance of simultaneity and selection problems but this is the first study that have raised the issue of censoring problems in estimating the farm-level effects of Bt corn adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt; Censoring; Corn; Farm level impacts genetically modified crops; Pesticide use; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9891

The broken broker system? Transacting on horticulture wholesale markets in India (Uttarakhand)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minten,   Bart; Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Relying on data from a unique survey, we study the wholesale market activities of agricultural brokers in India. Three main findings emerge. First, most transactions on these wholesale markets are small cash-and-carry transactions with physical handling, quality and quantity assessment, and financial settlements all combined in a single transaction. Second, marketing regulations are ineffective as most brokers charge rates that significantly exceed the prescribed ones. Third, a majority of farmers self-select in long-term relationships with brokers, most often based on their perceived market performance. These relationships allow some of the farmers to interlink credit and insurance markets to the agricultural output market. We find that this inter-linkage...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: India; Agricultural marketing; Brokers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Q12; Q13; L15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51730

SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolz,   Axel; Fritzsch,   Jana; Pencakova,   Jitka.
The change of the political regime from the socialist central planning system to a market economy and pluralistic society required the reorganisation not only of agricultural production, but also of the organisations in their support. In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is characterised by a dualistic structure in these days, i.e. private farmers on the one side and corporate farms on the other. However, among both groups some had been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor, which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Landwirtschaftliche Großbetriebe; Familienbetriebe; Sozialkapital; Tschechische Republik; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; C31; P32; Q12; Z13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91965

Livestock Husbandry between Ethics and Economics: Finding a Feasible Way Out by Target Costing?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Theuvsen,   Ludwig; Essmann,   Sandra; Brand-Sassen,   Henning.
Livestock husbandry is a major line of conflict in many industrialized countries. Farmers are caught in a dilemma between ethical considerations imposed by, for instance, nongovernmental organizations and the wider public on the one hand and competitive and economic pressures on the other. In this paper we use a target-costing approach to determine whether it is possible to implement more animal-friendly husbandry conditions for turkey fattening in Germany without sacrificing competitiveness. Empirical results show that, at first glance, the willingness on the part of consumers to pay for more animal welfare exceeds the costs to farmers of more animal-friendly husbandry systems. A critical discussion reveals that this result may be flawed by methodological...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal welfare; Livestock husbandry; Target costing; Willingness to pay; Livestock Production/Industries; D12; D63; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24598

The Effects of Different Political Schemes on the Willingness to Invest, Firm Profitability and Economic Efficiency in the Dairy Sector - An Agent-Based Real Options Approach-
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feil,   Jan-Henning; Musshoff,   Oliver; Balmann,   Alfons.
In recent years, the dairy sector has been exposed to strong changes in general conditions and extreme fluctuations in milk prices. Farmers and lobbyists have therefore asked politicians for additional market regulation. In this paper an agent-based real options market model is developed, which allows the analysis of the effects of different political schemes on the willingness to invest, firm profitability and economic efficiency in the dairy sector. The model results show that political schemes generally increase the willingness to invest in competitive markets under consideration of real options effects. However, they do not offer any substantial financial benefits to the producers and can cause a significant reduction in welfare. Furthermore, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Real Options; Competition; Policy Impact Analysis; Dairy Sector; Agricultural and Food Policy; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100039

Economic Value of Information: Wheat Protein Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miao,   Ruiqing; Hennessy,   David A.
In this paper we study U.S. wheat farmers’ willingness to pay for near infrared (NIR) sensor that can segregates wheat grains according to their protein concentration. We first develop a microeconomic optimization model of wheat farmers’ segregating and commingling decisions. Then we use U.S. wheat prices and stocks to estimate a wheat protein stock demand system. This allows us to establish the effects of changes in the protein profile of wheat stocks on protein premiums. The paper’s simulation section combines the results from the microeconomic optimization model and from the econometric estimations to simulate wheat farmers’ WTP for the sorting technology. Preliminary findings from the simulation show that a typical hard red winter (hard red spring)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information; Economic value; Wheat; Protein; Market structure; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q16; D81.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103974

Opportunity Costs of Providing Crop Diversity in Organic and Conventional Farming: Would Targeted Environmental Policies Make Economic Sense?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipilainen,   Timo; Huhtala,   Anni.
Targeted environmental policies for farmlands may improve the cost-efficiency of conservation programs if one can identify the farms that produce public goods, or environmental outputs, with the least cost. We derive shadow values of producing crop diversity on conventional and organic crop farms to examine their opportunity costs of conservation. Non-parametric distance functions are estimated by applying data envelopment analysis to a sample of Finnish crop farms for the period 1994 – 2002. Our results show that there is variation in the shadow values between farms and the technologies adopted. The extent of cost heterogeneity and farms’ potential for specialization in the production of environmental outputs determine whether voluntary programs such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Shannon index; DEA; Distance functions; Shadow values; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; D24; H41; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114527

Poverty and environmental degradation under trade liberalization: searching for second-best policy options.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pascual,   Unai; Martinez-Espineira,   Roberto.
Forest based agricultural systems in the tropics are being opened up to international trade at an unprecedented rate. This is the case of tropical agriculture in Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is also having significant impacts on the decentralized land use decisions of small-scale farmers and on the natural resource base on which they depend. This paper develops a bioeconomic model of a typical forest-land based farming system that is integrated with the non-farm labour sector, as typically found in tropical regions. The data used to generate the simulations were gathered in two communities of Yucatan (Mexico) in 1998-2000. Through a systemdynamics framework, the agro-ecological and farming economic subsystems are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural povery; Soil degradation; Slash-and-burn; Land-use model; Liberalization; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q12; Q23; D13; I3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7992

The diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in northern Thailand: Combining econometrics and agent-based modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schreinemachers,   Pepijn; Berger,   Thomas; Sirijinda,   Aer; Praneetvatakul,   Suwanna.
This paper studies the diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in a watershed in the northern uplands of Thailand by applying econometrics and agent-based modeling in combination. Adoption has been rapid by farmers in the central valley of the watershed, while farmers at higher altitudes, lacking transferable land titles that could serve as mortgage collateral, have been unable to obtain loans for greenhouse investment. The objectives of the paper are both methodological and empirical. On the methodological side, it shows that econometrically estimated models of farm household behavior are useful to design and to parameterize an agent-based model. On the empirical side, simulation results show that if mortgage collateral would not be required, then adoption in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation diffusion; Technology adoption; Multi-agent systems; MP-MAS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q16; C6.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50899

MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS, HUMAN CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY:  EVIDENCE FROM WEST AFRICAN FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Sherlund,   Shane M.; Adesina,   Akinwumi A.
Little empirical work has quantified the transitory effects of macroeconomic shocks on farm-level production behavior. We develop a simple analytical model to explain how macroeconomic shocks might temporarily divert managerial attention, thereby affecting farm-level productivity, but perhaps to different degrees and for different durations across production units. We then successfully test hypotheses from that model using panel data bracketing massive currency devaluation in the west African nation of Cote d'Ivoire. We find a transitory increase in mean plot-level technical inefficiency among Ivorien rice producers and considerable variation in the magnitude and persistence of this effect, attributable largely to ex ante complexity of operations, and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; O1; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14744

Integrated Farm Financial Statements (IFFS): A Farm Business Planning Tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doye,   Damona G.
Integrated Farm Financial Statements (IFFS) software was developed as an M.S. thesis project in the mid-1980s and was immediately put to use as a tool for business planning in one-on-one work with Oklahoma producers through the Intensive Financial Management and Planning Support project.  An updated IFFS continues to be used with producers to project financial statements for 1-3 years.  Strengths and weaknesses in the software and extension program are noted, along with components that might serve as a model for other programs.  Links with research are discussed, as are prospects for future farm financial management programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Business planning; Farm management extension; Financial statements; Q12; Q14; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43518

Effect of contract farming on productivity and income of small holders: The case of tea production in north-western Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saigenji,   Yoshiko; Zeller,   Manfred.
This paper examines potential of contract farming as a rural development tool by revealing its effect on productivity and income of small holders in tea production in north-western Vietnam. In the present research, three economic analyses are applied. First, the technical efficiency of tea production is estimated by using stochastic frontier model. The results show that contract farming achieved significantly higher technical efficiency compared to non-contract farming. Second, logit model is investigated to determine the influential socio-economic characteristics of households for contract participation. The model indicates that social relationship of households, such as the membership in the communist party, play an important role in contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Tea; Vietnam; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; C21; D24; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51681

The effect of EU derogation strategies on the complying costs of the nitrate directive
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Straeten,   Bart; Buysse,   Jeroen; Nolte,   Stephan; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Claeys,   Dakerlia; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
Within the framework of the nitrate directive, member states have the possibility to apply for derogation, i.e. increasing fertilization standards under certain conditions. Several EU regions have made use of this possibility but all in a different way. In 2009, 6 different derogation policies were worked out. This paper focuses on the differences between the applied policies and makes an assessment of the impact of these differences on the application rate of derogation, the manure surplus and the costs to allocate the manure. Based on the MP-MAS model described by Van der Straeten et al. (2010) the different scenarios are applied on a single case area (Flanders) and the economic effects have been simulated. Results show large differences between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrate directive; MAS-model; Derogation; Flanders; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99426

Whole-Farm Evaluation of No-Till Profitability in Rice Production using Mixed Integer Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watkins,   K. Bradley; Hill,   Jason L.; Anders,   Merle M.; Windham,   Tony E.
Rice production in Arkansas usually involves intensive tillage. No-till rice has been studied, but the focus has been limited to impacts on yields and per acre returns. This study uses mixed integer programming to model optimal machinery selection and evaluate whole-farm profitability of no-till management, for rice-soybean farms. Results indicate that lower machinery ownership expenses combined with lower fuel and labor expenses do enhance the profitability of no-till management, but the monetary gains appear to be modest, implying that other incentives may be necessary to entice producers to use the practice.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conventional till; Economies of size; Machinery complements; Mixed integer programming; No-till; Rice; Soybean; Whole-farm net returns; Farm Management; Q12; Q15; Q16; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43792

Medição do Impacto dos Bens Públicos e Privados sobre os Rendimentos Familiares Provenientes de Culturas em Moçambique Rural, 2002-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia; Boughton,   Duncan.
This brief summarizes detailed analysis of the determinants of household crop income in rural Mozambique from 2002 to 2005. Increased crop income is associated with increases in household land area, use of animal traction, crop diversification into tobacco or cotton, access to market price information, and access to extension agents (for tobacco/cotton growers). Decreases in crop income are associated with drought. Results demonstrate that there are both public and private investments that can enhance farmers’ ability to increase crop income and avoid losses. Priority investments include: development and dissemination of drought-resistant varieties for maize and cassava, conservation farming, animal traction, market information, access to high-value crops...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Assets; Household; Rural; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56804

Determinants of smallholders’ decisions to leave land fallow: the case of Kosovo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Davidova,   Sophia; Latruffe,   Laure.
The objective of this article is to investigate why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when the total land of their farms is small and households, almost fully dependent on farming for their livelihoods, are large. In order to elicit some of the barriers to land utilization, the article uses a comprehensive survey carried out during the agricultural year 2005/2006 to explore agricultural households’ perceptions of production, market conditions, and general security six years after the end of the military conflict in the former Yugoslavia. Several agro-environmental, household and farm characteristics are employed to empirically approximate the significance of different factors for leaving land fallow. Three different econometric models are used to address...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fallow land decision; Kosovo; Endogeneity; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C24; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94917

Optimal Farm Size under an Uncertain Land Market: the Case of Kyrgyz Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scandizzo,   Pasquale Lucio; Savastano,   Sara.
The paper illustrates a theoretical model of real option value applied to the problem of land development. Making use of the 1998-2001 Kyrgyz Household Budget Survey, we show that when the hypothesis of decreasing return to scale holds, the relation between the threshold value of revenue per hectare and the amount of land cultivated is positive. In addition to that, the relation between the threshold and the amount of land owned is positive in the case of continuous supply of land and negative when there is discontinuous supply of land. The direct consequence is that, in the first case, smaller farms will be more willing to rent land and exercise the option where, in the second case, larger farms will exercise first. The results corroborate the findings of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Option value theory; Farm size; Uncertainty; Irreversibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52844

A Real Options Framework for Analyzing Program Participation as Human Capital Investments: The Case of the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Coble,   Keith H.; Knight,   Thomas O.
We develop a real options framework to model producer participation in a subsidy program as a human capital investment to learn how the stochastic subsidy affects returns and how to adapt production activities to new program incentives, formally linking the framework to a multinomial logit specification for empirical applications.  Analysis of farmer intentions for participation in the ACRE program created by the 2008 Farm Bill finds that reluctance to participate was driven largely by risk aversion and perceptions about income risk from yield and price variability, consistent with the theory that uncertainty creates an option value discouraging human capital investments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Policy; Commodity Programs; Farm Bill; Multinomial Logit; Real Options Theory; Subsidy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92896

Human Resource Management Risks:  Sources and Control Strategies Based on Dairy Farmer Focus Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera; Kassa,   Getachew Abate; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Mugera,   Amin W.
Human resource management in agriculture and associated risks are under-researched topics.  To identify the sources of human resource management risks confronting dairy farms, gain insights into how dairy farmers perceive the impacts of these risks, and identify control strategies, four focus group discussions were held with dairy farm managers.  Managers’ perceptions served to develop a framework for the analysis of human resource management risks in agriculture and derive recommendations for reducing these risks.  Results of this study have been used to tailor educational programs for farmers and suggest strategies for future research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Focus group discussion; Labor management; Personnel management; Qualitative research; Risk management; Risk perception; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; B49; M12; M50; M52; M53; M54; M59; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43753

La demanda regional de bebidas alcoholicas en Espana. Impacto de un incremento de los impuestos especiales
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz-Delgado,   Elena Lopez; Gonzalez,   Maria A.; Fellinger,   Erica.
RESUMEN:  El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la respuesta diferenciada del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de las distintas regiones españolas ante cambios en los precios y la renta y simular las consecuencias de una variación del tipo de los impuestos especiales sobre bebidas alcohólicas. Para ello se han estimado las elasticidades renta y precio de tres tipos de bebidas alcohólicas (vino, cerveza y "otras bebidas alcohólicas") a través de un sistema completo de demanda tipo AIDS, utilizando un panel de datos anuales entre 1993 y 2000 para ocho grandes regiones españolas. Los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que existen diferencias importantes en los hábitos de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en los hogares entre las distintas regiones y...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alcoholic beverages; Elasticities; Excise taxes; Tax revenue; Demand and Price Analysis; Q14; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28746

Use of a Producer Survey to Reconcile Differences in Experiment Station Yield Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duke,   Jason C.; Epplin,   Francis M.
Average producer practice reveals that the expected returns are greater from dual-purpose wheat grown for both forage and grain than for grain-only wheat. Variety trials report an 11 bushel per acre yield advantage and hence economic advantage for grain-only. Research was conducted to reconcile the inconsistency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Direct elicitation method; Dual-purpose; Simulation; Stocker steers; Survey; Triangular distribution; Wheat; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56436

“Waiting for Godot”- Restructuring on Small Family Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jack,   Claire G.; Moss,   Joan E.; Wallace,   Michael T.
This paper examines the extent to which favourable off-farm labour market conditions coupled with growth in land values have contributed to the observed resilience of small scale family farms. We use data from Northern Ireland and employ farm household optimisation models to analyse household decision making processes that contribute to the observed inertia in farm structure. The analysis indicates that farm household behaviour is influenced not just by current farm income, but also expected capital asset returns. Increased wealth, associated with continuing land ownership, gives rise to the proposition that the link between off-farm incomes, increased land values and remaining in farming may be associated with farmers pursuing wealth maximizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm households; Resilience; Wealth accumulation; Off-farm income; Consumer/Household Economics; Productivity Analysis; C61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52835

Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Food Security Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Food Security Group at Michigan State University.
Decades of research have led to substantially improved understanding of the nature of food insecurity. Until the food crisis of 2007/08, a combination of economic growth and targeted programs resulted in a steady fall in the percentage of the world’s population suffering from under-nutrition (from 20% in 1990/92 to 16% in 2006). Yet over a billion people still face both chronic and/or transitory food insecurity due to long-standing problems of inadequate income, low-productivity in agricultural production and marketing, and related problems of poor health and absence of clean water. Among regions of the world, the greatest number of the food insecure lives in South Asia, while Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest proportion of population that is food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Research; Capacity building; Outreach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55047

Estimating Indirect Production Functions with a More General Specification: An Application of the Lewbel Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilmer,   Christiana E.; Holt,   Matthew T.
Whereas consumer theory employs several different empirical specifications for estimating indirect utility functions, producer theory has relied on the Translog specification to estimate the indirect production function.  In this paper, we apply Lewbel’s more general functional specification and investigate its implications for the estimation of indirect production functions in productivity analysis.  An attractive feature of the Lewbel model is that it nests both the Translog and the almost ideal supply system, offering a method to assess the empirical validity of all three specifications.  Aggregate U.S. production data are used to examine the performance of the three models in an empirical application.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Duality; Indirect production function; Nested test; C32; C52; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43484

Stochastic Utility-Efficient Programming of Organic Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flaten,   Ola; Lien,   Gudbrand D.
Opportunities to make sequential decisions and adjust activities as a season progresses and more information becomes available characterize the farm management process.  In this paper, we present a discrete stochastic two-stage utility efficient programming model of organic dairy farms, which includes risk aversion in the decision maker's objective function as well as both embedded risk (stochastic programming with resource) and non-embedded risk (stochastic programming without recourse).  Historical farm accountancy data and subjective judgments were combined to assess the nature of the uncertainty that affects the possible consequences of the decisions.  The programming model was used within a stochastic dominance framework to examine optimal strategies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Risk analysis; Stochastic programming; Stochastic dominance; Organic farming; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; C61.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24743

Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices in Olive Groves: The Case of Spanish Mountainous Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier; Franco,   Juan Agustin; Gonzalez-Roa,   Maria del Carmen.
This paper presents some results from a survey carried out in 2004 among 223 olive tree farmers from mountainous areas in the Spanish Southern provinces of Granada and Jaen regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices. Olive tree groves in mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion and have to incur in higher costs of soil conservation. This results in greater difficulties to comply with cross-compliance and to benefit from agri-environmental schemes. Our main objectives are to analyse the current level of adoption of soil conservation practices and to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine such adoption. Three Probit models are estimated. Dependant variables are three different soil...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Olive groves; Soil conservation; Technology adoption; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24661

Stimulating Organic Farming Via Public Services and an Auction-Based Subsidy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feinerman,   Eli; Gardebroek,   Cornelis.
In order to stimulate organic farming governments generally use a mix of temporary hectare payments and provision of public services for stimulating the development of the organic sector. In this paper a conceptual model is developed for determining a socially optimal hectare payment for any given level of public services. Farm heterogeneity, due to the variability of soil quality and management skills, is explicitly taken into account. Using an n-th price auction mechanism farmers indicate what their reservation subsidy is for a given level of public input provision. The outcome of this problem is utilized in the government's optimization problem. We found that the level of per hectare socially optimal subsidy increases significantly with the elasticity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Organic farming; Policy mix; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q28; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24723

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN CORPORATE FARMS: THE CASE OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svetlov,   Nikolai M.; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The research focus of the paper is to distinguish allocative and technical inefficiencies on Moscow region corporate farms. DEA specifications with both monetary and technical objective functions are applied. Reduced costs and sensitivity analyses are used to identify fixed inputs constraining either allocative or technical efficiency. To decrease heterogeneity and allow for the accessibility to different technologies of a given farm, the farms are grouped with respect to the set of outputs they produce. Thus, as a result of an unstable market environment, it is shown that allocative inefficiency causes 65-100 % (depending on the group) of total inefficiency in 2002 and 60-96 % in 1999. As for technical inefficiency, in 1999 its major source was the lack...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical inefficiency; Allocative inefficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis; Moscow region; Transitional economy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12; C14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14922

Mixed Crop Livestock Farming Incorporating Agroforestry Orchards Facing the New Cap
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ducros,   Denis; Kephaliacos,   Charilaos; Ridier,   Aude.
In the context of the new CAP, decoupling subsidies from production should incite farmers to reorganize their production systems, particularly through diversification opportunities. In this paper we focus our analysis on the conditions that could permit the development of extensive orchards by modelling mixed crop livestock farms, which incorporate orchards. A mathematical programming model is built to simulate various intensification levels characterizing different technical pathways within the different farm activities (cattle breeding, forage fields, arboriculture). This model also enables us to take into account some environmental indicators related to these pathways. Moreover, the method illustrates technical complementarities existing within the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Diversification; Agroforestry orchards; Joint production; Mathematical programming; Agribusiness; C61; D24; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24532

Optimal Stocking Density for Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaitibie,   Simeon; Epplin,   Francis M.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Horn,   Gerald W.; Krenzer,   Eugene G., Jr.; Paisley,   Steven I.
Dual-purpose winter wheat production is an important economic enterprise in the southern Great Plains of the United States.  Because of the complex interactions involved in producing wheat grain and beef gain from a single crop, stocking density is an important decision.  The objective of the research is to determine the stocking density that maximizes expected net returns from dual-purpose winter wheat production.  Statistical tests rejected a conventional linear-response plateau function in favor of a linear-response stochastic plateau function. The optimal stocking density of 1.48 steers/ha (0.60 steers/acre) is 19% greater with a stochastic than with a nonstochastic plateau.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dual purpose; Response function; Stochastic plateau; Stocking density; Wheat; R32; Q12; C29; D21.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37313

Labor Risk Attributes in the Green Industry: Business Owners' and Managers' Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Managers of greenhouses, nurseries, and landscape contractors participated in five focus group discussions on labor-related risks.  Managers conceptualize labor risks along the human resource management process: (1) recruitment and selection, (2) training and development, (3) performance evaluation and discipline, (4) careers and relationships, and (5) compensation packages.  In addition, they identified (6) immigrant employees and (7) labor laws and regulations as sources of risk.  They recognized a large number of risk-increasing attributes, but also a number of mediating strategies to reduce these risks.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Focus group discussion; Human resource management; Personnel management; Risk management; Risk perception; B41; B49; M12; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43472

Adopting Organic Agriculture: An Investigation Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hattam,   Caroline.
Certified organic production by small-scale farmers in developing countries is increasingly promoted as an opportunity to access a growing and dynamic market, while at the same time, enhance productivity and improve incomes. Nevertheless, adoption has been limited. The economics literature suggests profitability is the main constraint, however, the sustainable agriculture literature is inconclusive and considers attitudes of significant importance. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, this study investigates the psychological barriers to adoption using small-scale avocado producers from Michoacan, Mexico as a case study. The data is obtained from a household study carried out during 2004 and is modelled using an ordered probit model. Despite positive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Theory of planned behaviour; Entry barriers; O13; Production Economics; Q12; D8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25269

What Does Initial Farm Size Imply About Growth and Diversification?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melhim,   Almuhanad; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Shumway,   C. Richard.
Recent consolidation in agriculture has shifted production toward fewer but larger farms, reshaping business relationships between farmers, processors, input suppliers, and local communities. We analyze growth and diversification of U.S. corn, wheat, apple, and beef farms by examining longitudinal changes in 10 size cohorts through three successive censuses. We fail to reject Gibrat’s law in apple and wheat industries and the mean reversion hypothesis in beef and corn industries. Apple and wheat farms diversify over time. The findings suggest that scale economies diminish for large farms across all four industries and scope economies dominate scale economies for large apple and wheat farms.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Firm growth; Gibrat’s law; Longitudinal data; Scale economies; Scope economies; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48757

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from CEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel; Pokrivcak,   Jan.
The present study examines factor content of the CEE transition country agricultural trade. We examine the relative country abundance for labour, capital and land, and test the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) hypothesis. Our empirical findings suggest that the factor content of agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE and most of the agricultural trade flows do not satisfy the HOV prediction. In order to explain the general lack of agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox in the CEE's agricultural trade, we examine the role of transaction costs and market imperfections. We find that transaction costs and market imperfections distort farm specialisation and hence factor content of agricultural trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor Content; Agricultural Trade; Comparative Advantages; Transaction Cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115421

Animal husbandry in Africa: Climate change impacts and adaptations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seo,   S. Niggol; Mendelsohn,   Robert.
This paper uses a cross-sectional approach to analyze the impacts of climate change on animal husbandry and the way farmers adapt. The study is based on surveys of almost 5000 livestock farmers across ten countries in Africa. A traditional Ricardian regression finds that the livestock net revenues of large farms in Africa are more sensitive to temperature than those of small farms. Cross-sectional analysis also reveals that large farms (but not small farms) have fewer animals per farm in warmer places. Farmers tend to select beef cattle and chickens in cool climates and goats and sheep in hot climates. Using the Ricardian results and examining climate scenarios for 2060 and beyond, the net revenues of small farms are predicted to increase as much as 120%...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Livestock; Impact; Adaptation; Africa; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q25.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56968

Key Issues Affecting the Feasibility of Producer-Owned, Value-Added Ventures in the South
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolfe,   Kent; Barefield,   Alan.
The transition from agricultural producer to agribusiness entrepreneur is littered with obstacles not associated with traditional farming operations. Producers are typically faced with an established market for their products as well as defined production practices and budgets. These familiar industry institutions are not available for use in the agribusiness environment. As a result, entrepreneurs are faced with new, unfamiliar situations that can significantly affect the success of their proposed or fledging business.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agritourism; Cooperative; Demand; Economic development; Entrepreneur; Entrepreneurship; Goats; Value-added venture; Agribusiness; R11; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6513

DEFORESTATION AND ASSET ACCUMULATION AMONG SMALL SCALE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takasaki,   Yoshito.
This paper explores deforestation and asset accumulation among small scale farmers in tropical forests.  In a two-state variable control model, forest clearing is an investment in land holdings and the productivity of forest clearing is a function of non-land assets like chainsaws.  Comparative static analyses demonstrate that: (1) the addition of non-land asset accumulation options may or may not change the impacts of policy measures on deforestation, depending on labor market conditions; and (2) discount rate decreases (through for example credit subsidies) offer the prospect of a win-win scenario-- forest protection and asset accumulation-- only when an active labor market exits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Accumulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; O13.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21786

The Determinants of Polish Farmers' Credit Interest Rates: Hedonic Price Analysis and Implications for Government Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Latruffe,   Laure.
Our micro-econometric analysis of agricultural credit market outcomes in Poland sheds new light on the relationship between contractual arrangements and interest rates. An innovative theoretical framework based on a hedonic market model is developed. We interpret the factors that influence interest rates as "quality" components of the credit contract. We use unique data including detailed information about Polish farmers' credit contracts. Both nominal interest rates and bank fees are considered. Results show that banks prefer liquid types of collateral, and care little about the loan's purpose. The effect of government subsidies on interest rates is small compared to the officially declared reduction of the nominal rate.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural finance; Credit policy; Hedonic regression; Micro-econometrics; Poland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Financial Economics; Q12; Q14; P32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24757

Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murendo,   Conrad; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought risk management; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114750

Impact Assessment of Bt Corn Adoption in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutuc,   Maria Erlinda M.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Pan,   Suwen; Yorobe,   Jose M., Jr.
This article examines the impact of Bt corn adoption in the Philippines using an econometric approach that addresses simultaneity, selection, and censoring problems. Although previous literature emphasizes the importance of simultaneity and selection problems, this is the first study that addresses the issue of censoring in estimating the effects of Bt corn adoption at the farm in a developing country context. We show that Bt corn adoption provides modest but statistically significant increases in farm yields and profits. Furthermore, our results provide some evidence of inference errors that can potentially arise when censoring in the pesticide application variable is ignored in the estimation procedures.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Bt; Censoring; Corn; Farm level impacts; Genetically modified crops; Pesticide use; Technology adoption; International Development; Production Economics; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120452

Will the EU Single Area Payment decrease farm efficiency in the New Member States?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Douarin,   Elodie; Latruffe,   Laure.
This paper starts the debate regarding the likely impact of post-accession public support in the New Member States on their farming sector’s efficiency. While one aim of farm support in the European Union (EU) is to promote efficient farms that can compete internationally, a higher level of support via the Single Area Payment (SAP) may have adverse effects on farms’ performance. Analyses using pre-accession technical efficiency scores calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and post-accession farmer’s intentions, lead to the conclusion that the implementation of the SAP may decrease farm efficiency. The main reasons are the negative link between farm efficiency and subsidies already present in pre-EU accession Lithuania, and the change in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Single Area Payment; Technical efficiency; Size; Subsidies; Lithuania; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51625

Agri-Environmental Policies When the Spatial Pattern of Biodiversity Reserves Matters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bamiére,   Laure; David,   Maia; Vermont,   Bruno.
The aim of this paper is to compare different policy instruments for cost-effective habitat conservation on agricultural lands, when the desired spatial pattern of reserves is a random mosaic. We use a spatially explicit mathematical programming model which studies the farmers' behavior as profit maximizers under technical and administrative constraints. Facing different policy measures, each farmer chooses its land-use at the field level, which determines the landscape at the regional level. A spatial pattern index (Ripley L function) is then associated to the obtained landscape, indicating on the degree of dispersion of the reserve. We compare a subsidy per hectare of reserve with an auction scheme and an agglomeration malus. We find that the auction is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policies; Biodiversity; Mathematical programming; Spatial optimization; Reserve design; Cost-efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; Q57; Q12; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114239

Analisis de la calidad de la leche en un modelo microeconomico multi-output: el papel de la genetica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez,   Antonio; Arias,   Carlos; Roibas,   David.
Resumen Este trabajo analiza la calidad en la producción de leche y su relación con la genética del rebaño. El marco analítico es un modelo de producción multi-output en el que la calidad de la leche se considera como un output del proceso productivo. El modelo propuesto abre la posibilidad del tratamiento empírico de la calidad y la genética mediante el uso de funciones distancia. En la parte empírica del trabajo se usa un panel de datos de 96 explotaciones lecheras asturianas que contiene índices genéticos del rebaño.    Palabras clave: leche, calidad, genética, multi-output, función distancia.  Abstract In this paper we analyze the influence of genetics on milk quality. For that purpose, we use a multi-output production model in which milk quality is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Milk; Quality; Genetics; Multi-output production model; Distance function.; Livestock Production/Industries; D21; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28791

Educational Function of Agriculture and Farm Diversification: Evidence from Dairy Farming Experience Services in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ohe,   Yasuo.
To promote multifunctional activity, it is crucial to clarify how jointness is formed in connection with farm structure. This paper examines the relationship between multifunctional activity and farm structure by focusing on the educational function of dairy farming, i.e., farming experience services, in Japan. The main findings were as follows. First, from our conceptual consideration we can say that the educational function is determined by technical and institutional jointness and there is a U-shaped relationship between farm diversification and provision of farming experience services. In addition, the national program aimed at promoting this educational function was effective in enhancing this function. Second, however, from the empirical evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Educational function; Farm diversification; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q26; Q57; C24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51557

Productivity Change in the Australian Sheep Industry Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Euan M.; Farrell,   Terence C.; Fleming,   Pauline.
Recent low estimates of total factor productivity change for wool producers in the Australian sheep industry indicate that they are struggling to improve their performance. This evidence is at odds with the views of many technical observers of industry performance, prompting us to re-estimate total factor productivity change for farmers in a benchmarking group in south-west Victoria who had been the subject of such a negative finding. An important transformation in sheep production in Australia in recent decades has been a change in enterprise mix, notably a greater presence of prime lamb production. This change complicates the process of computing efficiency and productivity change. We demonstrate that a multi-input multi-output approach, based on the use...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sheep; Stochastic output distance function; Technical change; Total factor productivity; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C23; O3; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25593

BIOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Gray,   Allan W.
Farming is in the midst of a major transformation—not only in technology and production practices, but also in size of business, resource control and operation, business model and linkages with buyers and suppliers. Both the livestock and grain sectors are changing from an industry dominated by family-based, small and modest size, relatively independent firms to one of generally larger businesses following an industrial business model that are more tightly aligned across the value chain. We describe some of the fundamental concepts and characteristics of biological manufacturing and then illustrate these characteristics with a brief description of three modern farming businesses. The characteristics include: attribute driven or differentiated products, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biological manufacturing; Closed loop systems; Process control; Precision technology; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q12; Q120.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54025

Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economies of Scale in Production?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omiti,   John M.; Wanyoike,   F.; Staal,   Steven J.; Delgado,   Christopher L.; Njoroge,   L.
There is growing policy concern regarding the competitiveness of small-scale livestock production in the wake of the contemporary livestock revolution in many developing countries. In Kenya, this debate has focused on economies of scale and the undue influence of policy distortions on promoting the scaling up of dairy farms. This paper seeks to investigate economies of scale in Kenyan dairy in terms of relative profit efficiency at different levels of output, and identify policy and technology options to help small-scale farmers develop solutions to the challenges of competition. Data were collected from 204 dairy producers of different farm sizes in rural Kiambu and Thika, and urban Nairobi districts and a stochastic frontier model approach was used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy Production; Stochastic Production Frontier; Efficiency; Profitability; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25674

Taking a New Look at Empirical Models of Adoption: Average Treatment Effect Estimation of Adoption Rates and their Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou.
This paper shows that the observed sample adoption rate does not consistently estimate the population adoption rate even if the sample is random. It is proved that instead the sample adoption rate is a consistent estimate of the population joint exposure and adoption rate, which does not inform about adoption per se. Likewise, it is shown that a model of adoption with observed adoption outcome as dependent variable and where exposure to the technology is not observed and controlled for cannot yield consistent estimates of the determinants of adoption. Such model can at best provide consistent estimates of the effects of the included explanatory variables on joint exposure and adoption. Even for that to be possible, the model must be explicitly specified as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology Adoption; Rice; NERICA; West Africa; Average Treatment Effect; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; O3; Q12; Q16; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25623

Exploring Horticultural Employees' Attitudes Toward Their Jobs: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Herzberg's Theory of Job Satisfaction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera; Hogberg,   Michael.
Job satisfaction is likely the most studied work-related attitude and is assumed to influence a variety of behaviors.  This study analyzes the job satisfaction of agricultural employees using Herzberg’s theory, which is broadly employed in management.  Fourteen horticultural businesses participated in case studies of labor-management practices.  Fifteen nonsupervisory employee interviews were analyzed regarding job satisfaction.  Components of job satisfaction relevant to horticultural employees were family-business values, achievement, recognition, work itself, involvement, personal life, interpersonal relationships, job security, supervision, working conditions, organization, safety, compensation, and information.  While support for Herzberg’s theory is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Human resource management; Hygiene factors; In-depth interviews; Job satisfaction; Motivators; Personnel management; Qualitative research; B49; M12; M50; M54; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43500

Economics of Intensive Grazing in Dairy Production In the Mid-Atlantic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Minegishi,   Kota; Hanson,   James C.; Johnson,   Dale M.
Dairy production in the US has experienced a marked increase in the size of dairy operations over time.  Even as total production has grown over time, smaller operations have been disappearing. Consequently, the viability of smaller dairy farms has become an important policy concern in regions like the Mid-Atlantic where small dairy farms account for a significant share of farm enterprises.  Previous studies suggest that dairy farming based on intensive (rotational) grazing, as opposed to traditional confined-feeding operations, may make it possible for smaller operations to remain economically viable. However, the short term nature of the data used in these studies limits the robustness of these findings. We utilize a unique panel of financial data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Intensive grazing; Rotational grazing; Technical efficiency; Stochastic dominance; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103700

A Composite Fuzzy Indicator for Assessing Farm Household Potential for Non-farm Income Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana.
European politicians encourage the income diversification of rural households through various measures. Although being aware of farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification seems important for finely-targeting such policy measures, no attempt has thus far been made to summarise the various determinants of income diversification in a single figure. This contribution aims to close this gap. A composite fuzzy indicator that measures farm household potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,053 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. The indicator summarises the incentives of and capacities for non-farm income diversification on the individual household member level, and on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Composite indicator; Fuzzy logic; Rural non-farm income diversification; Transition countries; Consumer/Household Economics; C65; J24; Q12; R23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114349

Changes in Competitiveness of Farm Sector in Candidate Countries Prior to the EU Accession: The Case of Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zawalinska,   Katarzyna.
Prior to the EU accession Polish agricultural sector was experiencing serious structural problems. Not surprisingly Polish agricultural negotiations with EU were the toughest. Polish officials wanted to convince domestic rural electorate that the farms will operate on the competitive basis in enlarged EU. This paper investigates, however, how the competitiveness has been evolving yet prior to the accession, given the strong pressures within which it had to operate. We asked if Polish farms were responsive to this pressure - that is whether they were able to increase their productivity sufficiently to counter negative forces at work and maintain their competitiveness. The research showed a gloomy picture of declining farm productivity together with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Productivity; Farm sector; Transition; Poland; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24520

Economics and Biodiversity in Intensively Managed Agro-Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russell,   Noel P.; Pascual,   Unai; Omer,   Amani A.
This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that the evolution of an intensive agricultural system to less intensive use of inputs can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive Agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25663

Does Farm Size Really Converge? The Role of Unobserved Farm Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dolev,   Yuval; Kimhi,   Ayal.
We analyze the growth of family farms in Israeli cooperative villages between 1981 and 1995, using longitudinal data. We use instrumental variables to account for the endogeneity of initial farm size, and correct for selectivity due to farm survival. We also include a technical efficiency index, derived from the estimation of a stochastic frontier production model, as an explanatory variable. We find that technical efficiency is an important determinant of farm growth, and that not controlling for technical efficiency could seriously bias the results. The size distribution of Israeli family farms is found to be mostly diverging, while without technical efficiency farm growth seemed to be predominantly random.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm size; Farm growth; Farm survival; Instrumental variables; Sample selection; Technical efficiency; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Q12; L25; C34.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45778

VULNERABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT AMONG TURKMEN LEASEHOLDERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glukhikh,   Rimma; Lerman,   Zvi; Schwartz,   Moshe.
High risk is inherent to agriculture in Turkmenistan, a post-socialist desert country where the political uncertainties of transition exacerbate natural unpredictability. This study examines risk coping strategies of Turkmen farmers based on a survey of 1100 respondents carried out in 2002 in all five provinces. We propose a new composite index of vulnerability, which includes human capital indicators and geographic location. The analysis relies on a single independent variable, which nevertheless incorporates the effect of criteria interactions. Using survey data, we analyze income smoothing as a mechanisms of risk management across vulnerability groups. Consistently with theoretical expectations, the most vulnerable households seem prefer a smaller, but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Turkmenistan; Transition; Vulnerability; Income smoothing; Risk and Uncertainty; D1; J2; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7144

Machinery Investment Decision and Off-Farm Employment in Rural China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ji,   Yueqing; Zhong,   Funing; Yu,   Xiaohua.
This paper investigates the linkages between farmers’ machinery investment decision and off-farm employment in China. Both the theoretical model and the empirical results based on a survey of 453 households in Anhui Province indicate that agricultural labor input and small-size machinery investment are gross complements rather than substitutes when machinery service is available in the market. Consequently, farmers with small machinery are more likely to reduce their off-time employment time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small-size Machinery; Off-Farm Employment; Complements; China; Agribusiness; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115515

Parental Motivation in Family Farm Intergenerational Transfers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lange,   Kelly Y.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.; Johnson,   Phillip N.; Hudson,   Darren; Belasco,   Eric J.
An intergenerational transfer model incorporating both altruism and exchange is presented for family farm transfers.  A simulation study is conducted to test parental motivation in intergenerational transfers of family farm businesses.  Results indicated that family farm intergenerational transfers are altruistically motivated.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Family Farms; Intergenerational Transfer; Family Farm Succession; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103231

Contributions towards climate change vulnerability and resilience from institutional economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diaz Simal,   P.; Torres Ortega,   S.
This paper analyzes the various contributions made in the economic literature that influence climate change vulnerability. We try to create conceptual order and transparence in the contributions identifying the assumptions and constraints that each school has introduced into academic debate and practical application. We analyze the conceptual framework that articulates the debate, review the theoretical approaches developed in the literature identifying the object of analysis and the basics of each theory, so that the real model implications are established in each case study. From this scheme we derive a clarifying proposal for organizing theoretical discourse. We specifically focus on the theoretical assumptions underlying each model. We conclude with...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Evolutionary; Institutional; Resilience; Vulnerability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q12; C23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117621

Does On-Farm Quality Assurance Pay? A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Grainsafe Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karaca,   Umit; Alexander,   Corinne E.; Maier,   Dirk E.
Since the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops, the commodity grain system has been under pressure to segregate GM and non-GM crops.  Starting at the level of the grain handler, members of the grain supply chain have successfully used quality assurance and identity preservation programs to segregate non GM crops.  Producers delivering high-value, identity-preserved crops have become interested in implementing these quality management systems at the farm level.  We conduct a cost-benefit analysis that shows that quality assurance program may be profitable for producers, depending on their farm size and equipment management strategy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Risk; Cost-benefit analysis; Identity preservation; On-farm quality assurance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6057

Effects of Participation in Organic Markets and Farmer-based Organizations on the Adoption of Soil Conservation Practices among Small-scale Farmers in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wollni,   Meike; Lee,   David R.; Thies,   Janice E.
Conservation agriculture is often perceived to provide “win-win” outcomes for farmers leading to reduced erosion and off-site sedimentation, as well as improved soil fertility and productivity. However, adoption rates for conservation agriculture in many regions of the world remain below expected levels. This paper looks at the effect of organic markets in providing incentives for farmers to adopt soil conservation practices. Farmer-based organizations may link farmers to these markets by helping them overcome information deficiencies with respect to production standards and consumer preferences. Based on original survey data from 241 small-scale farm households in Honduras, we find that both participation in organic markets and farmer-based groups have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil conservation; Technology adoption; Organic markets; Farmer organizations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Q01; Q12; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51669

Access to Credit, Factor Allocation and Farm Productivity: Evidence From the CEE Transition Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Falkowski,   Jan; Kancs,   d'Artis.
This paper analyses how farm access to credit affects farm input allocation and farm efficiency in the CEE countries. Drawing on a unique farm level panel data with 37,409 observations and employing a matching estimator we are able to control for the key source of endogeneity – unoberserved heterogeneity. We find that farms are credit constrained both in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but that credit constraint is asymmetric between inputs. Our estimates suggest that farm access to credit increases TFP up to 1.9% per 1000 EUR of additional credit. The use of variable inputs and capital investment increases up to 2.3% and 29%, respectively, per 1000 EUR of additional credit. Due to credit-financed investment in labour-saving farm equipment,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Access to credit; Investment; Factor allocation; Productivity; Transition countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; P14.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61347

Logistics Costs Analysis as an Assisting Tool to Achieve Competitive Advantage for Agricultural Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wajszczuk,   Karol.
An attempt of evaluation of level and structure of logistics costs in chosen great area agricultural enterprises was shown in the paper. Results of research have shown, that great area agricultural enterprises have got high share costs of logistics both in total costs of production – 42,2%, and in selling value of products and services – 27,5%. Costs of physical flow of materials predominate in the structure of total logistics costs of great area agricultural enterprises – 86,5%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Logistics; Agricultural enterprises; Logistics costs; Agribusiness; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24562

Scale Efficiency in Organic and Conventional Dairy Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salhofer,   Klaus; Kargiannis,   Giannis; Sinabell,   Franz.
Recently, several studies compared the performance of conventional and organic farms. Most studies concentrated on technical efficiency. In this paper we add to this literature by also comparing the scale efficiency of conventional and organic milk farms in Austria during the period 1997-2002. To do so we utilize a bilateral production frontier that includes both production technologies and Green’s (1995a,b) true fixed effects model to account for firm specific time-invariant heterogeneity and technical inefficiency. We find both groups of farms to be on average equally technical efficient (when compared to their production frontier), but conventional farms being on average considerably more scale efficient. However, while scale efficiency remained...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Scale efficiency; Conventional vs. organic farming; Milk production; Austria; Production Economics; Q12; D20.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124119

Forecasting the Adoption of GM Oilseed Rape: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breustedt,   Gunnar; Muller-Scheessel,   Jorg; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
This paper explores farmers’ willingness to adopt genetically modified oilseed rape prior to its commercial release and estimates the ‘demand’ for the new technology. The analysis is based upon choice experiments with 202 German arable farmers. A multinomial probit estimation revealed that GM attributes such as gross margin, expected liability from cross pollination, or flexibility in returning to conventional oilseed rape significantly affect the likelihood of adoption. Neighbouring farmers’ attitudes towards GM cropping and a number of farmer and farm characteristics were also found to be significant determinants of prospective adoption. Demand simulations suggest that adoption rates are very sensitive to the profit difference between GM and non-GM rape...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption forecast; Choice experiment; Genetically modified oilseed rape; Multinomial probit; Technology adoption; C42; C81; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36771

The sampling bias in multi-agent simulation models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buysse,   Jeroen; Frija,   Aymen; Van der Straeten,   Bart; Nolte,   Stephan; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Claeys,   Dakerlia; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
For practical considerations, it is in some case impossible to simulate MAS models at population level. The current paper shows that MAS models applied to samples with heterogeneous costs of interactions between agents have biased results. Heterogeneous costs of interactions in MAS models can come from the spatial dimension in MAS models or from fixed costs per interaction. The paper presents two correction procedures to remove the sampling bias and to increase the reliability of the outcome. The correction procedures can be very promising for future applications of MAS models because it becomes possible to deploy more complex models without bias on more detailed datasets that are only available at sample level, which will be the case for country- or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: MAS; Bias; Correction; Resampling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99599

How Smart Should Farms Be Modeled? Behavioral Foundation of Bidding Strategies in Agent-Based Land Market Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kellermann,   Konrad; Balmann,   Alfons.
Land markets play a crucial role in agricultural structural change. Because the dynamics of structural change and land markets, respectively, mainly depend on the interactions between individual farms, agent-based modeling (ABM) has been established as a tool for understanding and explaining structural change and land market dynamics. This is particularly so because of ABM's ability to capture heterogeneity, non-convexity and dynamics. Unfortunately, the behavioral foundation of economic actors in ABM, i.e., of the farms, is often specified as ad hoc or simply based on "expert knowledge". In this contribution, the highly-detailed ABM AgriPoliS - which uses a myopic normative behavioral foundation - is coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Genetic algorithms; Land markets; Behavioral economics; Land Economics/Use; Q12; C6.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25446

MILK QUOTAS ABOLISHMENT AND SIMPLIFICATION OF THE SINGLE PAYMENT SCHEME: IMPLICATIONS ON DAIRY FARMERS’ PRODUCTIVE STRATEGY IN THE WEST OF FRANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lelyon,   Baptiste; Chatellier,   Vincent; Daniel,   Karine.
Paper removed at request of authors - 06/23/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farm; CAP Health Check; Abolition of milk quotas; Price volatility; Bioeconomic model; Utility efficient programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q18; C61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44795

Subsurface Drip Irrigation Versus Center-Pivot Sprinkler for Applying Swine Effluent to Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carreira,   Rita I.; Stoecker,   Arthur L.; Epplin,   Francis M.; Hattey,   Jeffory A.; Kizer,   Michael A.
A risk-averse irrigated corn producer would be better off choosing the more expensive subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) over center-pivot sprinkler (CPS), given limited aquifer life and swine effluent and urea fertilization. A stochastic optimization using EPIC data maximized expected utility of 100 years' worth of net revenues for a quarter section. Phosphorus accumulation was more likely with the CPS than with the SDI but soil nitrogen was constant under both systems. SDI conserves more water than CPS per acre but depletes the aquifer faster because a greater area is irrigated. These results were invariant in the sensitivity analysis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Aquifer depletion; Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation; Certainty equivalent; Corn irrigation; Mathematical programming; Risk; Stochastic optimization; Subsurface drip irrigation; Crop Production/Industries; C61; C65; Q12; Q30; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43783

Productividad, disposicion al pago y eficiencia tecnica en el uso del agua: la horticultura intensiva de la Region de Murcia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colino Sueiras,   Jose; Martinez Paz,   Jose Miguel.
RESUMEN Este trabajo presenta los resultados derivados de un estudio sobre eficiencia y productividad del agua en la horticultura intensiva litoral del sureste español. Tras la caracterización de esta actividad productiva, se analizan 230 encuestas directas a horticultores y 50 entrevistas a técnicos agrarios realizadas en la campaña 2004/2005, calculando la productividad aparente y los precios de nivelación y cierre para los cultivos más característicos. Seguidamente se estima la disposición al pago por el agua de los horticultores, la cual muestra una relación positiva con los niveles de eficiencia técnica previamente estimados para este sistema productivo.  ABSTRACT This work presents some results derived from a study on efficiency and productivity of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Water; Intensive horticulture; Efficiency; Willigness to pay; Agua; Horticultura intensiva; Eficiencia tecnica; Disposicion al pago; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; C61.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7058

An Empirical Investigation of the Linkages between Government Payments and Farmland Leasing Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Feng; Goodwin,   Barry K.; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract choice; Hybrid contract; Farm bill; Program payments; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49242

Innovation Behaviour At Farm Level – Selection And Identification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Zilberman,   David.
Using a squential logit model and a mixed-effects logistic regression approach this empirical study investigates factors for the adoption of automatic milking technology (AMS) at the farm level accounting for problems of sequential sample selection and behaviour identification. The results suggest the importance of the farmer’s risk perception, significant effects of peer-group behaviour, and a positive impact of previous innovation experiences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Dairy Farming; Sample Selection; Mixed-Effects Modelling.; Marketing; D21; Q12; C5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51073

Simulating Multivariate Distributions with Sparse Data: A Kernal Density Smoothing Procedure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lien,   Gudbrand D.; Hardaker,   J. Brian; Richardson,   James W.
Often analysts must conduct risk analysis based on a small number of observations. This paper describes and illustrates the use of a kernel density estimation procedure to smooth out irregularities in such a sparse data set for simulating univariate and multivariate probability distributions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic simulation; Smoothing; Multivariate kernel estimator; Parzen; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; C8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25449

Measuring Technical Efficiency of Dairy Farms with Imprecise Data: A Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mugera,   Amin W.
This article integrates fuzzy set theory in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) framework to compute technical efficiency scores when input and output data are imprecise. The underlying assumption in convectional DEA is that inputs and outputs data are measured with precision.  However, production agriculture takes place in an uncertain environment and, in some situations, input and output data may be imprecise.  We present an approach of measuring efficiency when data is known to lie within specified intervals and empirically illustrate this approach using a group of 34 dairy producers in Pennsylvania.  Compared to the convectional DEA scores that are point estimates, the computed fuzzy efficiency scores allow the decision maker to trace the performance of a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fuzzy set theory; Data Envelopment Analysis; Membership function; Α-cut level; Technical efficiency; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; D24; Q12; C02; C44; C61.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103251

The Role of Trust and Risk Aversion in Farmers' Used Machinery Transactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Brian E.; Batte,   Marvin T.; Diekmann,   Florian.
Results of a nationally representative survey of US farmers link previously validated survey measures of risk aversion and interpersonal trust to farmers’ intended use of online venues for transacting used equipment.  Other factors affecting online purchase propensity includes the quality of farmers’ relationships with local equipment dealerships.  Understanding the factors that impact farmers’ use of internet market venues is crucial as rural internet penetration deepens, farm equipment needs grow more specialized and local offline markets thin.  These results may also help explain past observations of severe discounting of used farm equipment sold in online venues.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Agricultural marketing; Durable inputs; Survey; Risk aversion; Trust; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; D8; L15; L64; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60972

Farm Level Analysis of Risk, and Risk Management Strategies and Policies: Evidence from German Crop Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anton,   Jesus; Kimura,   Shingo.
This paper describes farmer’s exposures to risks at the individual farm level and develops a model representing the decisions of an individual risk averse farmer facing variability in both prices and yields. A set of stylised risk market instruments is represented.  The model is calibrated using farm level data from Germany.  Monte-Carlo simulations of the random variables are run, and the corresponding optimal responses are obtained. The main focus of this paper is the interactions between government payments and the farmers’ use of risk market instruments in terms of the potential crowding out of such instruments and impacts on farm return and welfare. Unlike other studies this paper models farming response to payments in terms of production and the use...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Welfare; Crop yield insurance; Forward contracting and Single Farm Payment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51729

Regional asymmetries in farm size
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huettel,   Silke; Margarian,   Anne; von Schlippenbach,   Vanessa.
This paper explores how the initial farm size structure affects the exit decision of farms inducing free land capacities, and the allocation of the newly available land resources to the remaining farms in a particular region. We model an agricultural market where large and small firms first decide whether to leave the market or not; in case of continuing in production the farms compete for getting access to additional land resources in a Vickrey auction. We find that larger farms allocate more additional quantity than small farms; the latter are more likely to leave the market. An empirical illustration gives further support and reveals the relation between farm size structure, farm exits and growth of the large.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Asymmetries; Land market; Capacity allocation; Vickrey auction; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; L11; L12; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62046

Agricultural Price Seasonality and Market Failure: Examining the Net Seller Household and the Net Benefit Ratio Definition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergez,   Antonin.
On the basis of a household typology distinguishing between net sellers, net buyers and self sufficient, the Net Benefit Ratio (NBR), defined by Deaton (1989), is used to approximate households' first order welfare variations when price change. In this paper, we discuss both the typology's criteria and the classic formula of NBR, since they are based a) on produced and consumed quantities rather than real marketed volumes and b) on a unique selling and buying price for all surveyed households. We propose another definition of a net seller and a new NBR expression allowing the analyst to take into account market failures (MF) and price seasonality (PS), which are two constancies in developing countries. We use two sets of data (from Mexico and Mali), to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household welfare; Food crop; Net buyer; Net seller; Net benefit ratio; Price seasonality; Survey; Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing; D12; C14; Q12; D31; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7911

A Nonparametric Kernel Representation of the Agricultural Production Function: Implications for Economic Measures of Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livanis,   Grigorios T.; Salois,   Matthew J.; Moss,   Charles B.
The issue of production function estimation has received recent attention, particularly in agricultural economics with the advent of precision farming. Yet, the evidence to date is far from unanimous on the proper form of the production function. This paper reexamines the use of the primal production function framework using nonparametric regression techniques.  Specifically, the paper demonstrates how a nonparametric regression based on a kernel density estimator can be used to estimate a production function using data on corn production from Illinois and Indiana. Nonparametric results are compared to common parametric specifications using the Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression estimator. The parametric and nonparametric forms are also compared in terms of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nonparametric regression; Nonparametric derivatives; Gaussian kernel; Optimization techniques; Production function; Production Economics; C14; C15; C16; C61; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51063

Limited Access to Conservation: Limited- Resource Farmer Participation in the Conservation Security Program in the Southeast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergtold,   Jason S.; Molnar,   Joseph J.
The paper examines the joint adoption of conservation tillage, crop rotations, and soil testing by small and limited-resource farmers in the Southeast. The objectives are to determine the potential eligibility of small farmers for the Conservation Security Program, examine socioeconomic factors affecting adoption, and assess the interdependence between adopting different conservation practices. Results indicate that conservation management, ethnicity, and farm characteristics affect practice adoption. Of the producers surveyed in the study, 7% meet Conservation Security Program eligibility requirements, while the other 93% have less than a 20% likelihood of adopting the needed practices to qualify.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Conservation; Conservation Security Program; Conservation tillage; Limited-resource farmers; Logistic regression; Small farms; Soil testing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; C35; Q12; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90670

The Role of Risk in the Decision to Produce Post-Decoupling - A Stochastic Budgeting Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thorne,   Fiona S.; Hennessy,   Thia C.
Under the Mac Sharry and Agenda 2000 reforms, direct payments comprised a significant portion of farmers' income in the EU. Farmers had to engage in production to receive these payments but the payments were relatively risk-free and therefore risk may not have played an important role in the production decision. This paper considers the effect of the decoupling of direct payments from production in the EU and in particular, on the role of production risk in the decision making process. In an environment where direct payments are completely decoupled from production, farmers may engage in an 'entitlement farming' system, that is retain their land only to activate the decoupled payment and not actually produce any tangible goods. This paper examines the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Risk Analysis; Production Risk; Decision Analysis; Stochastic Modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25415

Adoption of Conservation-Tillage Methods and Genetically Modified Cotton
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Gao,   Qi; Larson,   James A.
Adoption of herbicide-tolerant cotton and conservation tillage may be simultaneously related.  Bayes' theorem and a two-equation logit model were used to test the simultaneity hypothesis.  Evidence for Tennessee suggests that adoption of these technologies reduced residual herbicide use and soil erosion more than if adoption of these technologies were independent.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bayes' theorem; Conservation tillage; Cotton; Genetically modified crops; Herbicide tolerant crops; Simultaneous logit model; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q16; Q24; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35293

Produzione del colza per fini energetici: impatto ambientale e metodo di coltivazione
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmieri,   Nadia; Forleo,   Maria Bonaventura; Suardi,   Alessandro; Coaloa,   Domenico; Pari,   Luigi.
A seguito dell’applicazione della riforma OCM zucchero, si sono avviati piani di riconversione della filiera bieticolo-saccarifera verso diverse filiere agroenergetiche. La colza è considerata tra le colture strategiche da utilizzare per la produzione di biodiesel. Tra gli studi di riconversione sta acquistando sempre maggiore importanza l’analisi della sostenibilità ambientale ed economica del processo di cambio d’uso del suolo. Obiettivo dello studio è condurre un’analisi dell’impatto ambientale della coltivazione di colza al fine di individuare il modello colturale meno impattante. L’analisi ambientale è condotta su cinque realtà rappresentative individuate mediante l’impiego della cluster analysis a partire da un campione di 251 appezzamenti coltivati...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomy; Life Cycle Assessment; Brassica napus; L; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q01; Q12; Q51.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124125

On- and Off-Farm Labour Supply of Dutch Dairy Farmers: Estimation and Policy Simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ooms,   Daan L.; Hall,   Alastair R.
This research focuses on the effect of decoupled payments on labour supply of Dutch dairy farmers. Data availability leads to the fact that we can not estimate structural labour supply equations. We show how to derive reduced form equations suitable for policy simulations. We use the panel data sample selection estimation approach Wooldridge (1995) to estimate the off-farm labour supply equation. This method is based on Mundlak's (1978) linear panel data estimation approach, which we use to estimate the on-farm labour supply equations. Even though, simulations show a significant negative effect of decoupled payments on labour supply, the economic significance of this effect is very limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Labour supply; Panel data; Sample selection; Policy simulation; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; C23; C24; C51; C53; D13; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24506

Assessing the Market for Poultry Litter in Georgia:  Are Subsidies Needed to Protect Water Quality?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Bekchanov,   Ulugbek; Karali,   Berna; Kissel,   David; Risse,   Mark L.; Rowles,   Kristin; Collier,   Sam.
Concerns about nutrient loads into our waters have focused attention on poultry litter applications.  Like many states with a large poultry industry, Georgia recently designed a subsidy program to facilitate the transportation of poultry litter out of vulnerable watersheds. This paper uses a transportation model to examine the necessity of a poultry litter subsidy to achieve water protection goals in Georgia. We also demonstrate the relationship between diesel and synthetic fertilizer prices and the value of poultry litter. Results suggest that a well functioning market would be able to remove excess litter from vulnerable watersheds in the absence of a subsidy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer; Phosphorous; Poultry litter; Subsidy; Transportation model; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Marketing; Q12; Q13; Q25; Q53.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117948

EMPIRICAL MEASUREMENT OF CREDIT RATIONING IN AGRICULTURE: A METHODOLOGICAL SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
Empirical analysis of rural credit market failure has been of key scientific and political interest in recent years. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of various methods for measuring credit rationing of farms employed in the literature. Furthermore, based on a common analytical framework entailing a formal model of a credit rationed farm household, the methods are subjected to a comparative evaluation of their specific strengths or shortcomings. Six approaches are distinguished: measurement of loan transaction costs, analysis of qualitative information collected in interviews, analysis of quantitative information collected in interviews by using the credit limit concept, analysis of spill-over effects with regard to secondary credit sources,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural finance; Credit rationing; Quantitative analysis; Micro-econometrics; Agricultural Finance; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14926

The Economic Impacts of Biotechnology-Based Technological Innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traxler,   Greg.
Global adoption of transgenic crops reached 67.7 million hectares in 2003 from 2.8 million in 1996. Delivery has occurred almost entirely through the private sector and adoption has been rapid in areas where the crops addressed serious production constraints and where farmers had access to the new technologies. Three countries (USA, Argentina and Canada), three crops (soybean, cotton and maize) and two traits (insect resistance and herbicide tolerance) account for the vast majority of global transgenic area. While some farmers in some developing countries are benefiting, most do not have access to transgenic crops and traits that address their needs. This paper surveys the level and distribution of the economic impacts of transgenic cotton and soybeans to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Biotechnology; Economic Development; Technological Change; Cotton; Soybean; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23806

Adopción y difusión de prácticas de no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franco,   Juan Agustin; Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier.
En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de adopción del no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada utilizando información procedente de un sondeo realizado en 2005-2006 a 215 olivicultores. Se analiza en primer lugar el proceso de difusión agregada de las prácticas de no laboreo realizadas en la zona mediante la estimación de varios modelos de difusión temporal. A continuación se identifican, mediante la estimación de dos modelos probit, algunos factores que influyen en la adopción de dichas prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo las prácticas de no laboreo son realizadas por el 90% de los agricultores. Su difusión ha sido intensa desde mediados de los noventa, predominando el efecto imitación, basado en la interacción entre los...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Erosión; No laboreo; Olivar; Adopción de tecnologías; Difusión de tecnologías.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q24; C50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99605

A experiência norte-americana com o seguro agrícola: lições ao Brasil?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guimaraes,   Marcelo Fernandes; Nogueira,   Jorge Madeira.
Agricultural insurance is considered to be an effective to manage rural risks. Surprisingly, its adoption by farmers is very limited all over the world. An outstanding exception is the United States of America, country in which this instrument has achieved remarkable success. Nevertheless, the process of diffusion of agricultural insurance in the USA was slow and expensive. It has also required significant government intervention through a variety of complementary actions. In this context, countries willing to introduce this instrument among other agricultural policy tools, as it seems the case of Brazil, should proceed with caution. Agricultural insurance success has important pre-requisites and its general diffusion may amplify its problems. The analysis...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural risk management; Agricultural insurance; North American agricultural policies.; Agribusiness; Q18; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60814

Farmer Participation in Supermarket Channels, Production Technology, and Efficiency: The Case of Vegetables in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rao,   Elizaphan J.O.; Brümmer,   Bernhard; Qaim,   Matin.
Supermarkets are gaining ground in the agri-food systems of many developing countries. While recent research has analyzed income effects in the small farm sector, impacts on productivity and efficiency have hardly been studied. We use a meta-frontier approach and combine this with propensity score matching to estimate treatment effects among vegetable farmers in Kenya. Participation in supermarket channels increases farm productivity in terms of meta-technology ratios by 45%. We also find positive and significant impacts on technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Supermarket expansion therefore presents opportunities for agricultural growth in the small farm sector, which is crucial for poverty reduction in Africa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Technical efficiency; Scale efficiency; Meta-frontier; Meta-technology ratio; Sample selection; Kenya; International Development; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D24; L23; O12; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113508

2008 Michigan Dairy Industry Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera.
The Michigan State University (MSU) Dairy Team conducted an industry survey with the objectives of identifying and rating industry priorities. After holding discussion groups across the state, two questionnaires were developed and sent to 2,237 dairy farm owners and operators and 480 allied industry professionals in the state; 23.4% of the dairy farmers and 28.1% of the allied industry professionals returned questionnaires with useable data. This report summarizes respondents’ ratings of industry issues, as well as education and knowledge needs. In addition, educational preferences, management practices, Internet use and access, demographic information, and farm characteristics are outlined.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy farmers; Dairy industry; Extension evaluation; Information sources; Internet use; Survey questionnaire; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; M0; Q12; Q13; Q14; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51842

Production Effects of Decoupled Commodity Program Payments: An Instrumental Variables Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; Kirwan,   Barrett E.; Roberts,   Michael J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Instrumental Variables; IV; Policy; Agriculture; Subsidies; Production; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Q1; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49201

Modeling of Structural Adjustment Processes of Farming Enterprises: The Need for Implementation of Cooperation and Collaboration Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albisser,   Gregor; Lehmann,   Bernard.
The research objective is to shed light on the structural adjustment process of farming enterprises in Switzerland. To this end, an analytical tool is developed which allows us to identify the most important influencing factors and to estimate in advance their effects on the structural adjustment process. The resulting structures will be compared with the relevant goals of the (agricultural) policy in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the adjustment process. Using scenario techniques combined with an agent-based simulation, the influencing factors are varied to investigate alternative options like cooperation and collaboration strategies for improving the effectiveness with respect to the social, ecological and economic goals.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agent-based simulation; Structural change; Cooperation strategies; Collaboration; Agricultural Finance; C61; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25250

An attempt to modelling revenue insurance schemes at the farm level by means of Positive Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Severini,   Simone; Cortignani,   Raffaele.
Farmers face increasing income uncertainty and the debate is growing on the role of insurance schemes and of public support in this field. This paper applies a PMP modelling approach that takes into explicit consideration risk aversion behaviour to test its applicability to evaluating the potential impact of insurance schemes. This is done by introducing a revenue insurance scheme into a model developed on a small group of crop farms in Italy. The paper represents a preliminary assessment of the soundness of the proposed approach. It identifies some limitations that should be overcome to improve the proposed approach. Despite these limitations, it seems a useful tool to investigate the impact of insurance schemes and policy relevant parameters such as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Insurance schemes; PMP; Farmers’ behaviour; Risk aversion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; C61; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99431

EFFECTS OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON FARM INVESTMENTS AND PRODUCTION DECISIONS IN THE SPANISH COP SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kallas,   Zein; Serra,   Teresa; Gil,   Jose Maria.
Our paper assesses the impacts of the partially decoupled (PD) scheme, implemented during the 1990s and first half of the 2000s in the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), on on-farm investment as well as on other production decisions. The Spanish COP sector was taken as a case study due to its economic and political relevance. The empirical analysis is applied on farm-level data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), observed from 2000 to 2004, based on. We use a reduced-form application of the dual model of investment under uncertainty and a system of censored and non censored equations is estimated. PD payments are found to increase short-run production and to generate a statically significant increase in the investment in farm...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm investments; Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Q12; Q18; D80.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49971

FÖRDERUNG DER ENTWICKLUNG DES LÄNDLICHEN RAUMES IN POLEN UND BAYERN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sroka,   Wojciech; Happe,   Kathrin.
This paper compares the polish Programme for Rural Development (PROW) and the Bavarian counterpart (BayZAL). The focus is on comparing objectives and Instruments. The different development axes are at the centre of the analysis. The two programmes differ with regard to funding. The programmes are based on differing philosophies concerning the funding of different measures. These are due to differences in economic development and the quality of the human capital in rural areas. Both programmes emphasise measures related to agriculture despite of the claim to target at the whole rural area.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Entwicklung ländlicher Räume; Vergleichende Analyse; Polen; Bayern; Rural development; Comparative analysis; Poland; Bavaria; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91904

Organic Productions and Capacity to Respond to Market Signals and Policies: An Empirical Analysis of a Sample of FADN Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arfini,   Filippo; Donati,   Michele.
The paper approaches the problem of assessing the impacts of market and rural development policies oriented at stimulating the growth and spread of organic farming in Italy. From the methodological perspective, an innovative formulation of Pmp is presented and discussed; it is applied to a set of farms belonging to the FADN sample, specifically located in Emilia Romagna and Sicily. The Pmp model has the capacity to estimate the impact of policies on crops not yet present at the time the farm data was recorded. From the empirical standpoint, various sets of policies are simulated on cluster of farms both conventional and in course of conversion in organic production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic products; PMP; CAP; Farm Management; Q12; C61; Q18; C38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114229

Voluntary Agreements and the Environmental Efficiency of Participating Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roosen,   Jutta; Ordonez,   Andrea.
Voluntary environmental agreements have been popular with government agencies in several countries. However, many questions remain about their efficiency as a regulatory tool. Recent analyses suggest that they are more effective than conventional regulatory or economic approaches when dealing with diffuse pollution and when innovation processes at the source are necessary to define effective regulation. This paper applies an activity-based framework to assess the contribution of such a voluntary agreement to the environmental performance of farms participating in a whole farm plan in the Southern part of Belgium. Using a cross-section of 52 farms, our results show that farms entering into environmental agreements are environmentally more efficient than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental indicators; Data envelopment analysis; Environmental efficiency; Voluntary agreements; Whole farm plan; Environmental Economics and Policy; C14; Q12; Q2.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24897

Transition to Sustainable Tropical Land Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burger,   Kees.
Following the example of Tiffen et al. on Machakos, Kenya, new macro-based evidence was collected in Machakos, the neighbouring Kitui district and in Benin, Cameroon and the Philippines, to assess the factors à la Boserup, inducing transitions towards sustainable land management, such as terracing, stone bands etc. We find that relative scarcity of land can be seen to induce technical changes, in the sense of Hayami &amp; Ruttan, that correspond to the new  relative scarcity, making higher man-land ratios the optimal choice.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil and water conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Induced innovation; Boserup; Malthus; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q21; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24517

Economic Impacts of EPA's Manure Application Regulations on Dairy Farms with Lagoon Liquid Systems in the Southwest Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Wen-Yuan; Magleby,   Richard S.; Christensen,   Lee A.
EPA's new restrictions on land application of manure nutrients by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) could decrease the net return of 6-17% of the medium and large dairy farms with lagoon systems in the southwestern United States.  Many of the other dairy CAFOs in the region could achieve higher net income under the restrictions if they reduce feed costs by better utilizing manure and expanding homegrown feed production.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAFO; Dairy farms; Land application; Manure regulations; Nutrient management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; Q12; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43993

Modeling farmer participation to a revenue insurance scheme by means of Positive Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Severini,   Simone; Cortignani,   Raffaele.
European farmers face increasing income uncertainty and the debate is growing on the role of insurance schemes and of public support in this field. This debate is further stimulated by the perspective of introducing instruments to cope with risk also in the Common Agricultural Policy. Therefore, there is a need for empirical analysis and tools aimed at providing empirical evidences on this subject. This paper applies a PMP modelling approach that takes into explicit consideration risk aversion behaviour to test the possibility to use it to assess the implications of participating in a insurance scheme. This is done by introducing a revenue insurance scheme into a model developed on a small group of crop farms in Italy. In particular, a quadratic mix...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Insurance schemes; PMP; Farmers’ participation; Risk aversion; Non-linear mix-integer programming; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; C61; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116001

Health Check der EU-Agrarpolitik - Auswirkungen der Beschlüsse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomann,   Horst; Kleinhanss,   Werner; Kreins,   Peter; Ledebur,   Oliver von; Offermann,   Frank; Osterburg,   Bernhard; Salamon,   Petra.
Zusammenfassung: Der Agrarministerrat hat im November 2008 zum Health Check (HC) der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) eine politische Einigung erzielt. Das Ziel der Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz ist es, aufbauend auf einer Wirkungsanalyse der Kommissionsvorschläge zum HC, die Konsequenzen der HC-Beschlüsse mit Hilfe des Modellverbundes der vTI-Agrarökonomie sowie mit einer statistischen Auswertung des EU-Testbetriebsnetzes (FADN) im Vergleich zu einer Referenzsituation im Zieljahr 2015 zu untersuchen. In der Referenzsituation wird eine langfristig positive Entwicklung im Agrarbereich unterstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in Deutschland nach den Modellergebnissen die Milcherzeugung nach...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Health Check; Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; Modellgestützte Politikfolgenabschätzung; Common Agricultural Policy; Model-based impact analyses; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102726

MULES IN SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE: REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   Martin A., Jr.
This article provides additional empirical evidence concerning the choice of the mule as the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production in the latter 19th and early 20th century.  While the mule was uniquely suited to the crops and climate of the region, two divergent arguments have been presented as to why the mule was the dominant draft animal in southern agricultural production.  This research reevaluates these arguments and provides evidence that it was, in fact, the characteristics of this hybrid that made it the preferred draft animal for the South.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mule; Land owners; Part owners; And managers; Share tenants; Sharecroppers; Principal agent problem; Farm Management; N51; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15457

Assessing the impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy pillar II support using micro-economic data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buysse,   Jeroen; Verspecht,   Ann; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
The paper uses the case of Flemish investment support to make a quantitative analysis of pillar II support based on micro-economic data from the FADN and the administrative dataset of the investment support fund. A dynamic panel estimation quantifies the effect of support for settingup young farmers, structural investment support and support for investments on farm diversification, animal welfare or environmental investments.. The results show that investment support for farm diversification and structural support increase the total output and the income. Environmental investment support increase costs and decrease the farm income without a significant impact on output. The conclusion for the national debate is that the structural and the diversification...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pillar II; Investment support; Decoupled subsidies; Dynamic panel estimation; Flanders; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18; Q51; Q52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99596

Methods of Change and Financial Performance of Dairy Farms Before and After a Switch to Management Intensive Grazing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Philip Eugene.
Interest in Management Intensive Grazing (MIG) of dairy cattle has increased during the last 2 decades. Most dairy producers utilizing MIG were former confinement or non-intensive pasture operations while the others started their operation with MIG. While research publications tout the financial and other benefits of MIG, often comparing them to non-MIG dairies, and anecdotal evidence in popular farm press has shown MIG in a favorable light, comparing a MIG dairy farm to itself before and after the management switch has not been a subject of research scrutiny. Knowing the potential impact of a switch to MIG prior to making a management decision to do so would be a significant piece of information for a dairy farm to understand if contemplating such a...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Grazing; Economics; Pasture; Management; Farm; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q10; Q12; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56008

Elección del calendario óptimo de exportación del tomate canario
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres-Hernandez,   Jose Juan; Ramos-Henriquez,   Jose Manuel; Gonzalez-Gomez,   Jose Ignacio; Martin-Rodriguez,   Gloria; Morini-Marrero,   Sandra.
Se formula un procedimiento para determinar el momento óptimo de inicio y final de la campaña exportadora de una explotación dedicada al cultivo de tomate en Canarias. Las horas semanales de trabajo en tareas de cultivo constituyen el elemento fundamental para evaluar los costes fijos, para el conjunto de la campaña, y variables, según la semana del periodo de exportación; mientras que los costes semanales de empaquetado y comercialización están más directamente asociados al volumen producido. Los volúmenes semanales exportados a los mercados europeos, así como las cotizaciones semanales obtenidas por el fruto, permiten determinar el periodo óptimo de exportación.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canarias; Costes; Exportación; Precios; Tomate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57289

Of What Merit is Improved Inputs use in Uganda's Maize Productivity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okoboi,   Geofrey.
This paper used the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) dataset of 2005/06 to examine the productivity of improved inputs used by smallholder maize farmers in Uganda. Yield and gross profit functions were estimated with the stochastic frontier model. Results revealed a significant effect improved inputs use on yield but not gross profit. Farmers who used commercial improved seed with fertiliser obtained superior yield but lower gross profit compared to farmers who planted recycled seed (of improved variety) without fertiliser. Furthermore, if the opportunity cost of own land and labour inputs in maize production were imputed, overall, farmers made economic losses. Based on the prevailing farmers’ production technology and market conditions, maize...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Improved inputs; Productivity; Uganda; Food Security and Poverty; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96649

Farmers' Perceptions about Spatial Yield Variability and Precision Farming Technology Adoption: An Empirical Study of Cotton Production in 12 Southeastern States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kotsiri,   Sofia; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Marra,   Michele C.; Velandia,   Margarita M.
This paper examines how cotton farmers' perceptions about their spatial yield variability influence their decision to adopt precision farming technologies. Utilizing cross-section survey data from 12 Southeastern states and a two-step econometric modeling approach, we find that farmers who perceive their yields as more spatially heterogeneous will more likely use site specific information gathering technologies and apply their inputs at a variable rate. In addition, our empirical analysis shows that perceptions about future profitability and importance of precision farming, along with socio-economic factors, also drive the technology adoption decision. These results have implications for producers contemplating the variable rate management decisions, as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multinomial logit; Endogeneity; Variable rate input applications; Site specific information gathering technology; Yield perceptions; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98689

Closing the Eyes on a Gloomy Future: Psychological Causes and Economic Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laajaj,   Rachid.
This paper analyzes the impact of economic prospects on one’s time preference. Research in psychol- ogy has shown how individuals modify their preferences in order to reduce their cognitive dissonance, which is the uncomfortable tension felt when simultaneously holding conflicting thoughts. It occurs among the poor when simultaneously caring about their future welfare while having gloomy economic prospects. Hence closing their eyes on the future can reduce their psychological distress at the cost of worsening their future economic wellbeing. This paper offers a new theoretical approach that decom- poses time discounting and analyzes the endogenous determination of one’s time horizon. The model predicts that, below a certain wealth, the time horizon of an...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endogenous time preference; Cognitive dissonance; Time horizon; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D91; O12; Q12.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123933

L’IMPACT DU CAPITAL HUMAIN SUR LA PRODUCTIVITE AGRICOLE AU BURKINA FASO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Theophile,   Kabore.
Contributed Paper presented at the International Conference on Agriculture Of Ouagadougou (BURKINA FASO), December 4-6, 2010.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Capital humain; Rendements; Productivité; Parcelle; Matching; Human capital; Productivity; Farm; Matching; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; E24; N54; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102275

Demographic and Management Factors Affecting the Adoption and Perceived Yield Benefit of Winter Cover Crops in the Southeast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergtold,   Jason S.; Duffy,   Patricia A.; Hite,   Diane; Raper,   Randy L.
The inclusion of cover crops in cropping systems brings direct and indirect costs and benefits. Farmers will adopt and utilize cover crops as long as the perceived benefit of using them is positive. This paper examines the demographic and management factors affecting the adoption and perceived benefit (in terms of improved crop yield) of using winter annual cover crops. A double selectivity model of cover crop adoption and perceived yield gain was estimated using survey data of Alabama farmers examining cover crop use and management.  Results may help in understanding factors shaping farmers’ perceptions, adoption, and retention of cover crops.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Conservation; Cover crops; Double selectivity model; Perceived yield gain; Tobit model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q15; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120443

Hedging a Government Entitlement: The Case of Countercyclical Payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   John D.; Coble,   Keith H.; Miller,   J. Corey.
This research evaluates whether the introduction of countercyclical payments creates an incentive for program crop producers to hedge the expected government payment using futures and/or options. Results indicate that some level of countercyclical payment hedging is optimal for risk-averse decision makers. However, optimal hedge ratios depend on planting time expectations of marketing year average price as well as on what crop, if any, has been planted on countercyclical payment base acres. These results suggest that the ability to hedge may make these payments more decoupled but also illustrate the distortion of producer behavior induced by farm programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Countercyclical payment; Expected utility; Hedging; Policy; Risk; Demand and Price Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6299

Tunisian agriculture: Are small farms doomed to disappear?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jouili,   Mustapha.
In Tunisia, small and medium-sized family farms dominate agriculture. From the early 80s, with the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), the conditions of production and reproduction of small farms have radically changed. In addition to the unfavorable trend of the prices, these farms are increasingly excluded from credit, land and support services. The ultimate consequence is a tendency in real incomes to decline, particularly sharp for small farms in the arid regions of the country. Faced with this degradation, small farms have developed mechanisms of adaptation or regulation allowing them to survive and, even in certain cases, to ensure more than a simple reproduction. But, it seems that the limits of these mechanisms of resistance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agricultural policy; Small farms; Tunisia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Q10; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52816

Forest Conservation and Slippage: Evidence from Mexico's National Payments for Ecosystem Services Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; Shapiro,   Elizabeth N.; Sims,   Katharine R.E.
Incentive-based programs to reduce deforestation are expected to play an increasingly important role in global efforts to protect ecosystems and sequester carbon but their environmental effectiveness is not clear. We investigate program effectiveness and slippage in the context of Mexico's national payments for hydrological services program, which pays private and communal landowners to maintain forest cover on enrolled lands. To measure program impacts, we use matched controls drawn from the program applicant pool to establish counterfactual deforestation rates in the absence of payments. We find statistically significant but small to moderate avoided deforestation impacts. To examine slippage of deforestation to nonenrolled lands, we develop a model of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Payments for ecosystem services; Program evaluation; Slippage; Leakage; Incentive-based mechanisms; Mexico; Land use; Deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q57; R14; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93045

Optimal Farm Size in Russian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svetlov,   Nikolai M.; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
A set of dynamic DEA models is applied to investigate the determinants of farm size of Moscow oblast corporate farms in the period 1996-2004. New institutional economics is found to be more relevant to explaining farm sizes and their changes than the neo-classical framework. The results prove the hypothesis that the development of farm size is mainly caused by reducing transaction costs associated with getting access to product markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm size; Returns to scale; Dynamic DEA; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; P31; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51667

Supplying Improved Seed to Farmers in Rural Kenya: The Case of Freshco Kenya Ltd.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mabaya,   Edward T.; Cramer,   Laura K.; Mahiga,   Veronica K.; Pham,   Huong Q.; Simpson,   Tara M.; Tang,   Xiaowei C.
Freshco, a small producer and distributor of hybrid maize seed and macadamia seedlings, was one of the first private companies to enter the Kenya seed market after its liberalization. Currently, the company produces and markets six high yielding maize varieties that are suited for diverse agro-ecological conditions. Despite the company’s encouraging growth in the local maize seed market, Freshco’s executives recognize the need to scale up operations to stay competitive. The company’s challenge is to recognize business opportunities and customer needs in an environment susceptible to ecological, political, and socioeconomic change.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Seed industry; Smallholder farmers; Scenario planning; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53743

Synergistic Green and White Revolution: Evidence from Kenya and Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jia,   Xiangping.
Rising agricultural productivity in developing countries is crucial to ease the tension of increased population and haunting concern on food security. Nevertheless the soaring price of fertilizer and sluggish dissemination of improved seed varieties prohibit the poor to tap benefits from increased productivity. In the presence of the pressing button on food security, subsidizing fertilizer and seeds is recently voiced heavily. This study reveals that the adoption of improved maize variety in Kenya leads to higher yield than that in Uganda. By introducing livestock programs, the agricultural productivity in Kenya is sustained with a synergy between the “Green Revolution” and “White Revolution”. To tap agricultural potentials in Africa, subsidizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green revolution; Livestock; Fertilizer; Food security; Propensity score matching; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q18; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51367

Factors Influencing Selection of Information Sources by Cotton Producers Considering Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velandia,   Margarita M.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Jenkins,   Amanda; Roberts,   Roland K.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Martin,   Steven W.
Acknowledgements: The authors thank Cotton Incorporated and the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station for financial support
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information source use decisions; Precision Agriculture Technologies; Extension; Media; Private sources; Multivariate Probit; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49326

Can Education Be a Barrier to Technology Adoption?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The objective of this study is to test the widely‐held belief that the effect of education has a positive impact on technology adoption. Using 2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey "ARMS" data, we estimate a simultaneous equations model to integrate farmers’ labor allocation decision with adoption of GM crops and precision farming. We confirm that the marginal effect of education on technology adoption is significantly larger for large farms for both GM crops and precision farming and it is unexpectedly negative for GM crops at all levels of farm size. These results suggest that formal education can be a barrier to technology adoption, especially for small scale farmers who have higher tendency to work off‐farm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Education; Technology Adoption; Off‐farm Labor Supply; Precision Farming; Genetically Modified Crops; Simultaneous Equations Model; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61630

Simultaneous Adoption of Herbicide-Resistance and Conservation-Tillage Cotton Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Gao,   Qi; Larson,   James A.
If adoption of herbicide-resistant seed and adoption of conservation-tillage practices are determined simultaneously, adoption of herbicide-resistance seed could indirectly reduce soil erosion and adoption of conservation-tillage practices could indirectly reduce residual herbicide use and increase farm profits. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between these two technologies for Tennessee cotton production. Evidence from Bayes' theorem and a two-equation logit model suggested a simultaneous relationship. Mean elasticities for acres in herbicide-resistance seed with respect to the probability of adopting conservation-tillage practices and acres in conservation-tillage practices with respect to the probability of adopting herbicide-resistance...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bayes' theorem; Conservation tillage; Cotton; Genetically modified crops; Herbicide-resistant crops; Simultaneous logit model; Technology adoption; Farm Management; Q12; Q16; Q24; 33.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43789

Efficiency and Welfare Impact of Landholdings in Vietnam - Evidence from Field Survey in Red River Delta and Mekong Delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goto,   Jun; Izumida,   Yoichi.
This paper examines the efficiency and welfare impact of landholdings in rural Vietnam. We utilize panel data set from field surveys which have been carried out from 1997 to 2007 in Red River Delta and Mekong Delta. We find no support for the hypothesis that small farmers in the north survey area have an advantage of efficiency in rice production. Since, although we confirm the inverse relationship between the land productivity and farm size, the average costs have increased rapidly as farm size have decreased. Some farmers, however, in the South have gradually cumulated in a middle-class of landholdings that has achieved the highest productivity, which implies efficient land allocation is realized. We also clarify the welfare impacts of these landholdings...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Welfare impact; Land allocation; Vietnam; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51622

Post-Buyout Burley Tobacco Production and Trends in the Traditional Burley Regions of Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiller,   Kelly; Jones,   Lakeya.
The 2004 federal tobacco buyout ended the longstanding tobacco quota and price support programs, and also eliminated all tobacco reporting requirements.  Producers are adjusting to the free market with scant information.  The 2006 Burley Tobacco Survey provides an initial glimpse of post-buyout burley tobacco production, trends, challenges, and expectations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Quota buyout; Farmer survey; Tobacco production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34987

Investigation of Factors Influencing the Technical Efficiency of Agricultural Producers Participating in Farm Credit Programs: The Case of Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rezitis,   Anthony N.; Tsiboukas,   Kostas; Tsoukalas,   Stauros.
This study investigates a number of factors influencing technical efficiency of Greek farms participating in the 1994 European Union (EU) farm credit program.  Technical efficiency measures are obtained within the framework of a parametric stochastic frontier. Factors showing a positive effect on technical efficiency are value of liabilities, number of hours of mechanical operation, large land size, and rental land, whereas those showing a negative effect are value of EU product subsidies, value of off-farm family income, and hired labor.  The value of investments incurred by farms because of their participation in the 1994 farm credit program does not show any significant effect on technical efficiency.  The predicted levels of technical efficiency...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm credit program; Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; Q10; Q12; Q16; Q19.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43157

A Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Wheat Farms using Parametric and Nonparametric Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mo,   Lijia; Featherstone,   Allen M.
Updated version added 1/15/2010
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency Analysis; Deterministic Nonparametric Method; Parametric; Stochastic Frontier.; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56778

Subsistence and Semi-subsistence Farming in Selected EU New Member States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davidova,   Sophia; Fredriksson,   Lena; Bailey,   Alastair.
Factor and cluster analysis are used to analyse the attitudes and perceptions of agricultural households in five EU New Member States towards farming, commercialisation, and barriers to and drivers for an increased integration in agricultural markets. The contribution of unsold output to the total household income is valued. A stepwise linear regression is employed to detect important variables explaining the degree of agricultural market integration of farm households. The analysis indicates that subsistence farming is of utmost importance for the rural poor, and particularly in Bulgaria and Romania. The proportion of consumption from own production, manual cultivation techniques and distance to an urban centre negatively affect output sales. Rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural households; Subsistence; Commercialisation; Incomes; Cluster analysis; Stepwise regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52801

Economic Viability of Organic Farming: An Empirical Experience of Wheat Cultivation in Punjab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Inder Pal; Grover,   D.K.
The present study has assessed the economic viability of organic wheat cultivation in Punjab by collecting primary data from 85 organic growers and 75 inorganic growers spread over 30 villages in the districts of Patiala and Faridkot for the period 2008-09. The area under organic farming has been found about 27 per cent of the total operational area in rabi season for the sample organic growers. The major share of organic area has been found under wheat crop, which accounted for 15 per cent of the total operational area of sample organic growers. The total variable cost on per acre basis for the cultivation of organic wheat has been found less as compared to inorganic wheat. The net returns over variable cost of organic and inorganic wheat have been...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Wheat cultivation; Organic wheat; Punjab; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119380

Modelling Agricultural Commodity Markets under Imperfect Competition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soregaroli,   Claudio; Sckokai,   Paolo.
In this paper, we develop a model that explains the exporters’ behaviour in international commodity markets considering explicitly the case of an imperfectly competitive structure of these markets. More specifically, drawing from the imperfect competition and trade literature, we derive price transmission equations between producer and consumer prices and between producer and export prices that can be included in large commodity models in order to verify how results of these models change assuming the imperfect competition hypothesis. The results obtained carrying out a simple simulation exercise, with two competing exporting countries and one importing region, show the relevance of assuming imperfect competition in commodity markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Imperfect Competition; State Trading Enterprises; Policy simulation; Cereal markets; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q12; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116012

Assessing the Impact of International Natural Resource Management Research: The Case of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxmi,   Vijay; Erenstein,   Olaf.
A conservative ex-ante assessment of supply-shift gains alone (excluding social and environmental gains), shows that the investment in zero tillage (ZT) R&amp;D by the Rice-Wheat Consortium and CIMMYT was highly beneficial with a benefit-cost ratio of 39, a net present value of US$ 94 million and an internal rate of return 57%. Sensitivity analysis highlights the influential role of the yield gain, the contribution of reduced tillage (i.e. partial adoption) and the assumed time-lag. Significant positive spillovers of sunk ZT R&amp;D costs – both previous and from elsewhere - also contributed to the high returns. The case thereby highlights the potential gains from successful technology transfer and adaptation. The case however also underscores that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Natural resource management research; Impact assessment; Economic surplus; Zero tillage; Q11; Q12; Q16; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25694

Semi-subsistence Farm Households in Central and South-eastern Europe: Current State and Future Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana; Wegener,   Stefan; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Curtiss,   Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio.
The European Union (EU) introduced a special transitional semi-subsistence measure to promote the smallest agricultural producers, so-called semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) in the enlargement process. An outlook on the future of SFHs requires comprehensive and reliable information on the phenomenon and the impact of policy measures on their development. Therefore, a survey using a standardised questionnaire was conducted in Poland (175 households), Romania (185 households), and Bulgaria (184 households) from July to September 2007. In a first step, four major types of SFHs could be identified by means of cluster analysis: (i) rural diversifiers, (ii) rural pensioners, (iii) farmers, and (iv) rural newcomers. In a second step, a multiobjective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Semi-subsistence; Policy analysis; Transition countries; Multiobjective linear programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; P27; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51444

Perspectives d’évolution des marches céréaliers pour la campagne de commercialisation 2005/06
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diarra,   Salifou Bakary; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
The 2005 – 2006 marketing campaign was difficult because of the drought that occurred in all countries in the region. As a result, the price of sorghum, millet, maize and rice soared. State actions to improve cereals supply through tax-exempt rice imports did not achieve the expected outcomes. Rice has been the main contributing factor to the rise of cereals price. The low levels of stocks of rice in the world and the supply in fertilizers below expectations along with a decrease in productivity have contributed to the rise of rice prices at the national level.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal markets; Food security; Mali; West Africa; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Q11; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57142

Evolucion del complejo agroalimentario de Navarra. Analisis a partir de las tablas input-output de 1980-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garate,   Manuel Rapun; Apezteguia,   Belen Iraizoz.
This paper analyses the agrofood system in Navarra (Spain) using the Input-Output data for 1980-1995. The aim is to analyse the evolution and changes taking place between the economic activities in the region. Streit, Chenery-Waanabe and Rasmussen's indicators are constructed. As is usual, we have also calculated the inconme and employment multipliers.  This indicators show the very important role of the agriculture and the vegetables canning industry in the regional economy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrofood Sector; Input-Output Analysis; Navarra; Agribusiness; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28782

Executive Interview - Kristian Moeller
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sibiya,   Thandokwakhe.
Throughout history people have been facing risks associated with food. Food scares of the twentieth century have caused consumer panic leading to loss of confidence in the safety of the food chain. Many public and private initiatives in the form of food quality certification schemes have evolved to restore confidence. One such private initiative is the GLOBALGAP (former EUREPGAP). This executive interview discusses the role of GLOBALGAP in food certification with Dr. Kristian Moeller who is the Managing Director for GLOBALGAP. This discussion took place during IAMA’s 17th Annual World Forum and Symposium in Parma, Italy on June 25, 2007.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EUREPGAP; GLOBALGAP; Food safety; Good agricultural practice; Farm assurance. transmission rather than from incentive based contractual arrangements.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q10; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53647

Tenure Insecurity, Transaction Costs in the Land Lease Market and their Implications for Gendered Productivity Differentials
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holden,   Stein T.; Bezabih,   Mintewab.
This study sets out to assess the link between land leasing behavior and productivity differentials between male and female-headed households. A double-moral hazard model allows us to show that landlord's tenure insecurity leads to sub-optimal level of effort on tenant's part, via its impact on the likelihood of contract renewal. The landlord's enforcement ability is also shown to increase the optimal level of effort. The empirical findings support the hypothesis that female heads of households have higher tenant turnover and lower enforcement ability. The results, however, show that contract renewal is not strongly linked to productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Female headed households; Contract length; Enforcement ability; Land Economics/Use; D2; Q12; Q15; C21; C7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25273

The declining profitability of litchi orchards in northern Thailand: Can innovations reverse the trend?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schreinemachers,   Pepijn; Potchanasin,   Chakrit; Berger,   Thomas; Roygrong,   Sithidech.
Litchi is an important crop in the mountainous part of northern Thailand yet its profitability has declined during the last 15 years. The replacement of litchi fruit orchards for seasonal flowers and vegetables has external costs related to increased levels of soil erosion, pesticides, and irrigation water use. Using a combination of financial analysis and agent-based modeling, the paper ex-ante assesses the impact of four technologies—artificial flower induction, small-scale cooperative fruit drying, post-harvest treatments to extend the shelf-life of fresh fruits, and greater irrigation efficiency—in terms of profits, farm incomes, litchi acreage, soil erosion, and pesticide use. The model was calibrated to one watershed in Chiang Mai province where...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ex-ante technology assessment; Innovation adoption; Agent-based modeling; Bio-economic models; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50954

Entwicklungstendenzen der Milchproduktion in Schweden - Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Milcherzeugern
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deumelandt,   Friederike; Lassen,   Birthe J.; Schierholz,   Friederike; Wagner,   Peter.
Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht die mittelfristigen Veränderungen in der Milchproduktion in Schweden. Im Rahmen einer web-basierten Umfrage zwischen Dezember 2009 und März 2010 wurden 273 schwedische Milcherzeuger zu künftigen Entwicklungstrends in ihrer Region und Entwicklungsperspektiven auf ihrem Betrieb befragt. Die befragten Milcherzeuger erwarten insgesamt einen weiteren Rückgang der Milchproduktion in Schweden, insbesondere in Nordschweden. Den insgesamt eher rückläufigen Erwartungen stehen die künftigen Wachstumspläne der teilnehmenden Milcherzeuger gegenüber, die sich insgesamt gut aufgestellt sehen. Da jedoch überwiegend größere und zukunftsorientierte Betriebe befragt wurden, ist diese Diskrepanz nachvollziehbar. Neben einer...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Milchproduktion; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Betriebsmanagement; Befragung; Regionalanalyse; Dairy production; Competitiveness; Farm management; Survey; Regional analysis; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108286

The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for determining the efficiency of a production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Babitcheva,   Tamara.
The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new method to measure Technical Efficiency (TE). TE of a Decision Making Unit (DMU) is defined as a ratio of the produced goods and services (Outputs) to the used resources (Inputs). Efficiency comparison become more complicated when market values of the Inputs and Outputs are not available and the figures are expressed in the different measurement units. So, aggregation of the figures into cost or revenue groups become impossible. Such efficiency analysis is especially important for the enterprises in the transformation process. In DEA the Linear Programming (LP) is used to determine relative efficiency of the analysed enterprises. The basic principles of the DEA are introduced in this Discussion Paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Produktivity; Data Envelopment Analysis; Effizienz; Produktivität; Эффективность; Продуктивность; Анализ Оболочки Данных.; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92169

Does Farm Size and Specialization Matter for Productive Efficiency?  Results from Kansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mugera,   Amin W.; Langemeier,   Michael R.
In this article, we used bootstrap data envelopment analysis techniques to examine technical and scale efficiency scores for a balanced panel of 564 farms in Kansas for the period 1993–2007. The production technology is estimated under three different assumptions of returns to scale and the results are compared. Technical and scale efficiency is disaggregated by farm size and specialization. Our results suggest that farms are both scale and technically inefficient. On average, technical efficiency has deteriorated over the sample period. Technical efficiency varies directly by farm size and the differences are significant. Differences across farm specializations are not significant.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bootstrap; Data envelopment analysis; Efficiency; Farms; Farm Management; Production Economics; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117947

On the Role of Government in Food Staples Markets: Perspectives from   Recent Research and Implications for Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tostao,   Emilio; Tschirley,   David L.
This brief reviews results of applied research regarding the role of government in staple food markets in East and Southern Africa. The purpose of the brief is to draw lessons for Mozambique as it decides how to use the grain storage silos it has been building since 2009. The authors suggest that: Mozambique is in an unusually strong position to take advantage of private sector activity to stabilize prices over time and space; Additional investment in road and rail infrastructure, incentives, and institutions, would help bring down transaction costs and allow private action to further stabilize prices; Additional stabilization, for those times when Mozambique has to rely on imports from the world market beyond what they normally make, could be obtained in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Marketing; Q18; Q13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62154

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT USING INTEGRATED HOUSEHOLD AND GIS DATA FROM SMALLHOLDER KENYAN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staal,   Steven J.; Romney,   D.; Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Waithaka,   Michael M.; Muriuki,   H.; Njoroge,   L.
Although soil fertility is recognized as a primary constraint to agricultural production in developing countries, use of fertilizer in Sub-Saharan Africa is declining.  Smallholder farmers still rely heavily on livestock manure for soil fertility management.  To explore the determinants of soil fertility management practices, including both the use of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer, data are used from a sample of 3,330 geo-referenced farm households across Central and Western Kenya.  A bivariate probit model is applied to jointly examine the use of the two technologies.  Particular attention is given to measures of location related to market access and agroclimate, which in the adoption literature have typically been addressed using crude proxies....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial analysis; Soil fertility; Market access; Technology adoption.; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25903

Effects on milk supply of different systems of livestock feeding
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Casasnovas,   Valero L.; Aldanondo,   Ana Maria.
Determining the competitive position of dairy farms depends on several technological, economic and institutional variables. Among them, are remarkable those related to animal feeding in the current context of high variability on prices. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the effects on milk supply and the competitiveness of dairy farms with different models of land intensification, with greater reliance on market purchases or self-production of livestock feed. This study is based on an econometric approach to a variable cost function, in a fixed effects model for unbalanced panel data of specialized dairy farms in Navarre (Spain). From this region, we use 3 geographical areas in relation to the availability of grazing land. It has been...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multiproduct cost function; Unbalanced panel data; Milk supply; Animal feed; Dairy farms.; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; D24; L25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103727

Covariate Shocks and Rural Poverty in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakurai,   Takeshi; Savadogo,   Kimseyinga.
The civil war in Côte d’Ivoire has caused an increase in household size due to returnees and a decrease in remittance received in rural Burkina Faso.  This paper, taking advantage of a rare dataset covering the covariate shocks caused by the Ivorian Crisis, examines empirically the impact of such shocks on households’ welfare in rural Burkina Faso.      It is found that the number of working-age returnees increases household cropped area: one working-age returnees increase 0.64 ha of cropped area and that the decrease of remittance from Côte d’Ivoire increases non-agricultural income: 1 FCFA reduction of remittance increases 0.78 FCFA of non-agricultural income.  In spite of those coping behaviors, this paper demonstrates that the households do not fully...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Covariate shocks; Poverty; Remittance; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51722

Los factores determinantes del paso de las explotaciones de la leche a la carne en la Cornisa Cantabrica: analisis empirico para una comarca del interior de Galicia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvarez,   Alfonso Ribas; Iglesias,   Edelmiro Lopez; Loureiro,   Maria L.
Este trabajo pretende contribuir al estudio de los factores que determinan el paso de las explotaciones de vacuno de leche a vacuno de carne en la Cornisa Cantábrica, examinando para ello la relación de este proceso con las características productivas y familiares de las explotaciones. Además, se contrasta en concreto el papel jugado por la concentración parcelaria, la principal medida de reforma de estructuras agrarias aplicada en la agricultura de estas regiones durante las últimas décadas. Los datos empleados se refieren al período 1985-1999 y a una muestra de 458 explotaciones con ganado bovino (activas en 1999) sobre una población de 1.420 unidades productivas  situadas en la Comarca Interior de la provincia de A Coruña. De esas unidades productivas,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy farms; Cattle production; Land consolidation; Logistic regression; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8008

Impact of the Ethanol Boom on Livestock and Dairy Industries: What Are They Going to Eat?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   David P.; Anderson,   John D.; Sawyer,   Jason.
Increased demand for corn for ethanol production has helped push grain prices to record levels. This has increased livestock production costs, and producers have responded with changes to production systems. This paper explores the degree to which costs can be mitigated with alternative feeds, the effect this might have on physical performance, and the impact of alternative feeds on the competitive position of different species.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding; Corn; Cost of production; Ethanol; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47199

Learning in Organic Farming – An Application on Finnish Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipilainen,   Timo; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the optimal nutrient stock of soil and optimal nutrient supply for arable crops under organic farming. Thus, efficiency of organic farming can either grow or decrease over time depending on the nature of the technology and the learning process. This paper estimates technical efficiency of organic farming and its development over time. We control for possible selection bias and regional heterogeneity when estimating a stochastic frontier distance functions for a sample...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technical change; Output distance function; SFA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C23; D24; D83; O30; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24493

Does Duality Theory Hold in Practice? A Monte Carlo Analysis for U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosas,   Francisco; Lence,   Sergio H.
The Neoclassical theory of production establishes a dual relationship between the profit value function of a competitive firm and its underlying production technology. This relationship, usually referred to as the duality theory, has been widely used in empirical work to estimate production parameters without the requirement of explicitly specifying the technology. We analyze the ability of this approach to recover the underlying production parameters and its effects on estimated elasticities and scale economies measurements, when data available for estimation features typical realistic problems. We design alternative scenarios and compute the data generating process by Monte Carlo simulations, so as to know the true technology parameters as well as to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Duality theory; Firm’s heterogeneity; Measurement error; Data aggregation; Omitted variables; Endogeneity; Uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulations.; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; D22; D81.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103911

Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saenger,   Christoph; Qaim,   Matin; Torero,   Maximo; Viceisza,   Angelino.
In emerging markets for high-value food products in developing countries, processing companies search for efficient ways to source raw material of consistent quality. One widely embraced approach is contract farming. But relatively little is known about the appropriate design of contracts, especially in a small farm context. We use the example of the Vietnamese dairy sector to analyze the effectiveness of existing contracts between a processor and smallholder farmers in terms of incentivizing the production of high quality milk. A framed field experiment is conducted to evaluate the impact of two incentive instruments, a price penalty for low quality and a bonus for consistent high quality milk, on farmers’ investment in quality-improving inputs....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/rural/urban development; Institutional and behavioral economics; Demand and price analysis; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C93; D22; L14; O13; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122614

U.S. Farm Policy and Small Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahearn,   Mary Clare; Effland,   Anne.
We begin with a brief comparison of the size distribution of US and EU-15 farms to provide the European audience a greater context to the US issues. The EU data are from the Farm Structures Survey and the US data are from USDA’s Agriculture Resource Management Survey (ARMS). We next address the reasons for the unexpected increase in the number of small farms in the US and the possible role of government policies. We draw on ARMS to provide the distribution of commodity and conservation payments by farm size. Although limits on payments to large farms have long been addressed by the periodic US Farm Acts, payments continue to be concentrated on large farms largely because of their historical ties to farm production. The most recent 2008 Farm Act included...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small farms; EU-US farm structure comparison; Farm policy; Payment distribution; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52868

Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peralta,   Maria Alexandra; Swinton,   Scott M.
Natural resource management
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Eucalyptus; Food security; Kenya; Linear programming; Smallholder agriculture; Whole farm model; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49401

Semi-subsistence farm households and the non-farm rural economy - Perspectives and challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Fritzsch,   Jana; Wegener,   Stefan; Curtiss,   Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio.
Semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) have persevered in Central and Southeastern Europe. An outlook on future perspectives of SFHs asks for reliable information on the phenomenon of SFHs and the impact of policy measures on their development options: (1) intensifying farming, (2) diversifying income creating activities, or (3) exiting farming for waged employment. This article focuses on SFHs and rural non-farm employment (RNFE). On the basis of a comparative 2007-survey of 489 SFHs in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania, three countries with particularly many SFHs, four major types of SFHs (rural pensioners, farmers, rural diversifiers, rural newcomers) were identified. For policy analysis, a multiobjective linear programming household model was developed. In...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Semi-subsistence; Rural non-farm economy; Policy analysis; Transition countries; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; C61; P27; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52804

Patterns and Trends in Food Staples Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa:   Toward the Identification of Priority Investments and Strategies for Developing Markets and Promoting Smallholder Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Mason,   Nicole M.; Myers,   Robert J.; Ferris,   John N.; Mather,   David; Beaver,   Margaret; Lenski,   Natalie; Chapoto,   Antony; Boughton,   Duncan.
Accurate information on farmer and consumer behavior is the foundation for  Identifying public investments and policies that can effectively promote national food security and income growth objectives. This report synthesizes recent findings on smallholder crop  marketing behavior and urban consumption patterns in Eastern and Southern Africa, and their implications for public sector investments and policies to promote smallholder incomes and national food security.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Africa; Smallholder markets; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Marketing; Q14; Q13; Q12; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62148

Household Behavior Under Market Failures: How Natural Resource Management in Agriculture Promotes Livestock Production in the Sahel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dutilly-Diane,   Celine; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain.
Improved water harvesting and soil erosion control using the remarkably simple practice of contour stone bunding is shown to increase grain yields by 41% in low rainfall regions of Burkina Faso. Empirical results show that yield increases in food crops help foodbuying farm households import substitute in food consumption, reduce livestock production, and increase seasonal migration which is more compatible with seasonal agriculture than with the yearlong livestock activity. Self-sufficient households, by contrast, can take advantage of higher yields to free resources from food production and allocate these to expand their livestock economy, thus benefiting more from the region's comparative advantage. We also show that greater effectiveness in cooperation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm household model; Natural resource management; Sahel; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; 055; Q12; Q20.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25061

Cost of production estimates for wheat, milk and pigs in selected EU member states
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kleinhanss,   Werner; Offermann,   Frank; Butault,   Jean-Pierre; Surry,   Yves R.
Summary: This study summarizes cost estimates based on the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network using the General Cost of Production Model, developed, applied and tested within the FACEPA project. Results are provided for wheat, pigs and milk for the main producer countries of the EU for the period 1999 to 2007. Estimated input-output coefficients are generally based on monetary figures, expressing cost shares referring to total output. Effects of scale, specialization and location can be derived by estimates based on respective sub-samples. Costs per unit are derived based on input-output coefficients and output values, providing costs per hectare or ton for wheat and per ton of milk. There is a considerable variation between Member States not only of...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Econometric analysis; Production costs; Ökonometrische Analyse; Produktionskosten; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C39; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118867

Forecasting Irrigation Water Demand: A Case Study on the Flint River Basin in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Swagata (Ban); Tareen,   Irfan Y.; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Bramblett,   Jimmy; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Southeast drought conditions have accentuated the demand for irrigation in the face of restricted water supply.  For allocating this supply, Georgia held an auction for withdrawing irrigated acreage.  This auction withdrew 33,000 acres from irrigation, resulting in a physical estimate of a 399 acre-feet daily increase in water flow.  The actual reduction is driven by crop distributional changes on the basis of economic substitution and expansion effects.  In contrast to the physical estimates, an econometric model that considers these effects is developed.  The differences between the physical and econometric models result in an increase in the estimate of water savings of around 19% to 24%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acreage response; Crop distribution; Irrigated acreage; Irrigation; Slippage; Water demand; Water saving; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37053

Market and Coordination Failures in Poor Rural Economies: Policy Implications for Agricultural and Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorward,   Andrew; Kydd,   Jonathan; Poulton,   Colin.
This paper argues that the disappointing outcomes of adjustment policies in poor rural economies, principally in sub-Saharan Africa, can be partly attributed to weaknesses in the neo-classical theory which underlies these polices and from associated failures to recognise structural changes (or transitions) in growing agricultural economies. After a brief description of agricultural policy changes in sub Saharan Africa, the mixed achievements of market liberalisation policies are explained using new institutional economic arguments regarding inherent difficulties in economic coordination in poor economies, difficulties which markets themselves cannot overcome. A novel framework is put forward for understanding coordination failure and integrating it with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Development; Coordination; Markets; Institutions; Marketing; O12; O17; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9535

Hog Insurance Adoption and Suppliers' Discrimination: A Bivariate Probit Model with Partial Observability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cao,   Ying; Zhang,   Yuehua.
This paper explores the factors that impact insurance choices. Specially designed survey questions allow one to fully observe the demand tendency by the farmers and partially observe the supply tendency by the insurance company. A joint estimation of insurance decision by both supply and demand sides suggested that factors performing different roles in affecting insurance participation game. Farmer’s age and education have positive impact on insurance demand, but are indifference to the insurance providers. Insurance suppliers care more about farmers’ experience in the field, but this experience occasionally results in overconfidence for the farmers and hence, impedes insurance purchasing. Production scales, proxy by sow inventory, is put more weight by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Insurance Choices; Bivariate Probit; Partial Observability; Agribusiness; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; C35; D13; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103158

Measuring the Impact of Public and Private Assets on Household Crop Income in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia; Boughton,   Duncan.
This brief summarizes detailed analysis of the determinants of household crop income in rural Mozambique from 2002 to 2005. Increased crop income is associated with increases in household land area, use of animal traction, crop diversification into tobacco or cotton, access to market price information, and access to extension agents (for tobacco/cotton growers). Decreases in crop income are associated with drought. Results demonstrate that there are both public and private investments that can enhance farmers’ ability to increase crop income and avoid losses. Priority investments include: development and dissemination of drought-resistant varieties for maize and cassava, conservation farming, animal traction, market information, access to high-value crops...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Mozambique; Food security; Assets; Household; Rural; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56805

Environmental Good Production in the Optimum Activities Portfolio of a Risk Averse Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlik,   Petr; Jacquet,   Florence; Boisson,   Jean-Marie; Veysset,   Patrick; Lherm,   Michel.
An analytical framework is proposed for analysis of environmental good production by farmers in the case of price uncertainty.  Environmental good production contracted by means of agri-environmental agreements is treated as a risk less option in the farmer's production activities portfolio.  Efficient frontiers were generated using mathematical programming farm level models of suckler cow farms in Monts du Cantal, in France.  It was demonstrated that for a DARA risk averse farmer: 1) the agreement payment level is not without impact on the farming intensity on parcels not subscribed under the corresponding argi-environmental programme, 2) a lump sum payment matters under uncertainty, 3) the overall impact of the lump sum payment on environmental good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty; Portfolio optimisation; Biodiversity; Agricultural policy; Mathematical programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24594

Impacto de la reforma del REASS en la agricultura canaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres-Hernandez,   Jose Juan; Gonzalez-Gomez,   Jose Ignacio; Nuez-Yanez,   Juan Sebastian; Ramos-Henriquez,   Jose Manuel.
This paper deals with the potential effects on the profitability of Canary Islands’ farms due to the Special National Insurance System for Agricultural Workers Reform which was put in place in 2009 by the Spanish Government Ministry of Labour and Immigration. The effect on the employers’ National Insurance contributions per working day is analysed. Based on this analysis, the impact on costs and benefits in several farms which cultivate bananas, tomatoes or flowers is evaluated. According to the results, it is concluded that these farms cannot afford the costs’ increase derived from the reform if profitability per product unit or per surface should be maintained. On the other hand, the effect of changes in the contribution basis is softened to a great...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99103

Farming or burning? shadow prices and farmer’s impatience on the allocation of multi-purpose resource in the mixed farming system of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teklewold,   Hailemariam.
In crop-livestock mixed farming system where farm yard manure (FYM) is considered as important multi-purpose resource such as source of soil organic matter, additional source of income and household source of energy, soil fertility depletion could takes place within the perspective of the household allocation pattern of FYM. This paper estimates structural FYM-allocation model in the presence of corner solution, with the objective of examining the role of various returns to FYM and farmer’s impatience on the propensity to allocate FYM for alternative purposes. We illustrate the model using data based on a random sample of 493 farm households in the central highlands of Ethiopia. We find that the higher the selling price of FYM is the higher the incentive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impatience; Shadow price; Allocation; Farm yard manure; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Q01; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116080

CAP reform and its impact on structural change and productivity growth: A cross country analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazukauskas,   Andrius; Newman,   Carol F.
The recent reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have exposed the European agricultural sector to a new set of constraints and challenges. The decoupling of direct payments from production is expected to make production decisions more market-oriented as farmers move from mainly subsidy revenue maximization objectives toward profit maximizing behaviour. However, ex-post analyses of the productivity of farms have yet to uncover any evidence of a positive effect of the decoupling policy on farm productivity. Using the Irish, Danish and Dutch farm level data, we identify the extent to which both system and product switching after the introduction of decoupling has occurred and to what extent these changes have contributed to productivity growth in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Semiparametric estimation; Farming; Decoupling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; D24; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61103

Identifying Growth and Diversification Relationship in Washington Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skolrud,   Tristan D.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Shumway,   C. Richard; Melhim,   Almuhanad.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94702

Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Boughton,   Duncan.
This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244

Technical efficiency of organic milk-farms in Germany - the role of subsidies and of regional factors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakner,   Sebastian.
This paper investigates the efficiency of organic milk farms in Germany based on data from 1994/95 to 2005/06. Five inputs and one output are analyzed by means of a stochastic frontier production function, allowing for heteroscedasticity and technical effects. The selection of determinants of technical efficiency includes 5 groups of indicators. The analysis is focused on the impacts of farm support of organic farms and of regional factors, that can influence technical efficiency. The results show, that the agri-environmental payments show a negative effect on efficiency. Farms, which receive investment aid, show lower efficiency scores. Finally, the implication for agricultural policy are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency Analysis; Organic Farming; Agglomerations Effects; Subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q18; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51301

Shade-Grown Coffee: Simulation and Policy Analysis for Coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batz,   Michael B.; Albers,   Heidi J.; Avalos-Sartorio,   Beatriz; Blackman,   Allen.
Shade-grown coffee provides a livelihood to many farmers, protects biodiversity, and creates environmental services. Many shade-coffee farmers have abandoned production in recent years, however, in response to declines in international coffee prices. This paper builds a farmer decision model under price uncertainty and uses simulation analysis of that model to examine the likely impact of various policies on abandonment of shade-coffee plantations. Using information from coastal Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper examines the role of various constraints in abandonment decisions, reveals the importance of the timing of policies, and characterizes the current situation in the study region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee farming; Decision analysis; Numerical modeling; Monte Carlo; Price variability; Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q17; Q12; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10511

Spousal Effect and Timing of Farmers' Early Retirement Decisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vare,   Minna.
The retirement decisions of individuals are strongly influenced by spousal retirement, financial incentives and institutional constraints such as access to early retirement benefits.  In the European Union (EU), farm retirement is encouraged by early retirement provisions for farmers.  As exit from farming determines the characteristics of structural change in agriculture, it is important to find out how spousal retirement and economic incentives affect the timing and type of retirement decisions among elderly farmers.  This paper analyses the timing of early retirement decisions of farming couples using duration analysis and different exit channels.  The empirical analysis is based on Finnish farm-level panel data for the period 1993-1998.  The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Duration; Early retirement; Farming couple; Succession; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; J26; Q12; C41.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24696

Health Check der EU-Agrarpolitik - Auswirkungen der Legislativvorschläge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomann,   Horst; Heiden,   Michael; Kleinhanss,   Werner; Kreins,   Peter; Ledebur,   Oliver von; Offermann,   Frank; Osterburg,   Bernhard; Salamon,   Petra.
Zusammenfassung: Die Europäische Kommission hat Mitte Mai 2008 Legislativvorschläge zum Health Check (HC) der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) vorgelegt. Das Ziel der durchgeführten Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz ist es, die Wirkungen der HC-Vorschläge mit Hilfe des Modellverbundes der vTI-Agrarökonomie sowie mit einer statistischen Auswertung des EU-Testbetriebsnetzes (FADN) zu analysieren. Die Auswirkungen der HC-Vorschläge wurden in einer komparativ-statischen Betrachtung gegenüber einem Referenzszenario im Zieljahr 2015 analysiert. Nach den Modellberechnungen wird die Milcherzeugung in Deutschland nach Auslaufen der Quotenregelung um 6 % ausgedehnt. Dies impliziert ein Absinken des...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Health Check; Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik; Modellgestützte Politikfolgenabschätzung; Common Agricultural Policy; Model-based impact analyses; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102725

Testing for Separability in Household Models with Heterogeneous Behavior: A Mixture Model Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vakis,   Renos; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain; Cafiero,   Carlo.
Knowing whether a household behaves according to separability or non-separability is needed for the correct modeling of production decisions. We propose a superior test to those found in the literature on separability by using a mixture distribution approach to estimate the probability that a farm household behaves according to non-separability, and test that the determinants of consumption affect production decisions for households categorized as non-separable. With non-separability attributed to labor market constraints, the switcher equation shows that Peruvian farm households that are indigenous and young, with low levels of education, and lack of local employment opportunities are more likely to be constrained on the labor market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor; Separability; Mixture distributions; Peru; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; J43; C16; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25016

Farm performance and support in Central and Western Europe: A comparison of Hungary and France
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fogarasi,   Jozsef; Latruffe,   Laure.
The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each country’s respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results reveal that Hungarian farms’ technology was more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technology gap; Malmquist indices; Subsidies; Farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; P51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51431

Enhancing Farm Profitability through Portfolio Analysis: The Case of Spatial Rice Variety Selection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Barkely,   Andrew; Watkins,   Brad; Hignight,   Jeffrey A.
This study applies portfolio theory to rice varietal selection decisions to find profit maximizing and risk minimizing outcomes. Results based on data from six counties in the Arkansas Delta for the period 1999–2006 suggest that sowing a portfolio of rice varieties could have increased profits from 3 to 26% (depending on the location) for rice producers in the Arkansas Delta. The major implication of this research is that data and statistical tools are available for rice producers to improve the choice of rice varieties to plant each year in specific locations. Specifically, there are large potential gains from combining varieties that are characterized by inverse yield responses to growing conditions such as drought, pest infestation, or the presence of a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Optimal variety selection; Portfolio analysis; Rice; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; G11; Q15; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56650

TARGET MOTAD FOR RISK LOVERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCamley,   Francis P.; Rudel,   Richard K.
Although risk analyses of discrete alternatives often identify at least one efficient set for persons who prefer risk, preference for risk is usually ignored when the decision variables are continuous.  This paper presents a version of Target MOTAD which can be used when there is preference for risk.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Target MOTAD; Risk seeking; Risk lovers; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; Q12.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35723

The impact of pillar I support on farm choices: conceptual and methodological challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moro,   Daniele; Sckokai,   Paolo.
In the near future the CAP will continue to be structured around two pillars. In the first pillar the main instrument for producers’ support is the decoupled Single Farm Payment. In this paper we review the methodological framework for analysing decoupled payments in models of agricultural production. Market and technological uncertainty, credit constraints, farm household choices involving extra-agricultural decisions, policy uncertainty and long-run impact of decoupling on investment and land values are the relevant issues that should be pursued by methodological and empirical analysis. Future research should refine the analysis of decoupled payments, mainly trying to provide results that can be useful for policy simulation, to bridge the gap between...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Agricultural production models; Common Agricultural Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99836

EU-wide Distributional Effects of EU Direct Payments Harmonization analyzed with CAPRI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gocht,   Alexander; Britz,   Wolfgang; Ciaian,   Pavel; Gomez y Paloma,   Sergio.
We argue in this paper that available econometric estimates of farmers’ risk aversion do not measure true farmers’ preferences towards risky outcomes. Available analyses are mostly of static nature and indeed measure the parameters of the synthetic optimal value function rather than the deep parameters of the utility functions. We derive analytical and empirical results in a simple dynamic and stochastic framework showing that that there is not a simple relationship between utility functions and value functions when agents have many decision variables. In particular we find that the value function does not necessarily exhibit DARA when the instantaneous utility function satisfies DARA and conversely. We recommend performing dynamic econometric estimation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Distributional effects; SPS; Flat-rate payment; CAP reform; Farm level model; CAPRI farm type layer; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114624

Per Unit Costs to Own and Operate Farm Machinery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaton,   Aaron J.; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.; Kastens,   Terry L.; Williams,   Jeffery R.
With increasingly thin margins and new technologies, it is important that farm managers know their cost of field operations on a per unit basis (e.g., acre, ton, bale).  Accurate per unit costs give confidence when constructing enterprise budgets and evaluating new technologies, such as no-till.  Custom rates are often used as a proxy for per unit costs; however, this research, using entropy and jackknife estimation procedures, found that custom rates understate total ownership and operating costs by approximately 25% for an average Kansas farm.  Estimates from these models are then used to benchmark actual costs against expected cost.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Benchmark; Custom rates; Custom work; Entropy; Jackknife; Machinery costs; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q10; Q12; C51; C60.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43720

La tipologia de las explotaciones en funcion de su viabilidad economica y demografica: aplicacion a las explotaciones de bovino en Galicia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia,   Francisco Sineiro; Iglesias,   Edelmiro Lopez; Fernandez,   Roberto Lorenzana; Pacos,   Bernardo Valdes.
RESUMEN En este artículo se elabora una tipología de las explotaciones de bovino en Galicia en función de su viabilidad económica y demográfica, empleando como fuente las bases de datos anonimizadas de los censos agrarios de 1989 y 1999. Los resultados así obtenidos son utilizados en una triple dirección: ofrecer una radiografía de la estructura actual del sector, interpretar sus transformaciones recientes y proyectar las tendencias para la próxima década (1999-2009). El análisis permite concluir que el sector está integrado por tres grandes grupos de explotaciones, con unas características y unas perspectivas muy diferentes: aquéllas con viabilidad económica y demográfica, sólo 1/5 pero que concentran ya la mayor parte del output; las que están en manos...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Viability of farms; Agrarian structures; Bovine livestock; Galicia; Structural adjustment; Livestock Production/Industries; C81; Q12; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28775

The supermarket revolution and impacts on agricultural labor markets: Empirical evidence from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rao,   Elizaphan J.O.; Qaim,   Matin.
Many developing countries are currently experiencing a rapid expansion of supermarkets. New supermarket procurement systems could have important implications for farming and wider rural development. While previous studies have analyzed farm profit and income effects, possible employment effects have received much less attention. Building on data from a recent survey of vegetable farmers in Kenya, in this article a double-hurdle model of hired labor use is developed and estimated. Farmer participation in supermarket channels increases the likelihood of hiring labor by 13% and overall demand for hired labor by 38%. A gender disaggregation shows that positive employment effects are especially pronounced for female hired labor. Given that agricultural wage...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Off-farm income; Hired labor; Double-hurdle model; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C34; Q12; Q13; J43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107745

Testing Porter's Hypothesis: A Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Analysis of Dutch Horticulture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Vlist,   Arno; Withagen,   Cees; Folmer,   Henk.
We propose a test of the Porter hypothesis for the Dutch horticulture sector, using a stochastic production frontier analysis allowing for an inclusion of policy variables to account for the effect of environmental policy of firm performance. We find considerable heterogeneity in the way firms react to environmental policy measures. Our estimation results indicate, for example, that a 1997 voluntary agreement covering energy, nutrient and pesticides use enhances technical efficiency of vegetable and plants growers, contrary to specialised flower growers. Specialised flower growers, however, did react to the 1993 multi-year agreement on energy reduction, contrary to vegetable and plant growers. Summarising, our findings are mixed but do not seem to reject...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Firm performance; Environmental stringency; Technical efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; D24; Q12; Q50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24641

The Niger Food Crisis: Causes and Implications for Research and Development from an Integrated Agricultural Economics Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abele,   Steffen; Twine,   Edgar.
During the 2004 food crisis in Niger, the weakness of the main production system, millet, to produce enough food to sustain short term crises, has been revealed. Questions arise how the Nigerian smallholder systems can be assisted by research and development policies to intensify production and improve food security. The paper assesses technical options according to their economic sustainability. A sequence of models is applied: On plot level, production functions of inter cropping systems were estimated to determine yields and their variability of the major crops. These data were fed in a nonlinear program to test the inn ovations, first at stable prices, then at declining prices that were obtained from an interregional trade model. The latter was shocked...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Niger; Small scale farming; Risk management; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q01; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25557

Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Alberto; Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin; Carletto,   Calogero; Covarrubias,   Katia; Quinones,   Esteban; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Di Giuseppe,   Stefania.
Agriculture is at the core of the livelihoods of a large share of rural households throughout the developing world. Agricultural growth is a major engine for overall economic growth and possibly the single most important pathway out of poverty in the rural space. This paper characterizes household access to assets and agrarian institutions of households engaged in agricultural activities in a sample of developing countries. The evidence presented in the paper draws from 15 nationally representative household surveys from four regions of the developing world. We find that the access of rural households to a range of agricultural-specific assets (including land and livestock) and institutions is in general low, though highly heterogeneous across countries,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non farm; Assets; Agrarian institutions; Household surveys; Consumer/Household Economics; O13; O57; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7925

The Roles of Labor and Profitability in Choosing a Grazing Strategy for Beef Production in the U.S. Gulf Coast Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Wyatt,   Wayne; Venuto,   Brad; Blouin,   David; Boucher,   Robert W.
Comparisons are made concerning labor required and profitability associated with continuous grazing at three stocking rates and rotational grazing at a high stocking rate in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. A unique data set was collected using a time and motion study method to determine labor requirements. Profits are lowest for low stocking rate– continuous grazing and high stocking rate–rotational grazing. Total labor and labor in three specific categories are greater on per acre and/or per cow bases with rotational-grazing than with continuous-grazing strategies. These results help to explain relatively low adoption rates of rotational grazing in the region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Labor requirements; Rotational grazing; Stocking rate; Time and motion study; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45527

Adoption of Soil Erosion Control Practices in Southern Spain Olive Groves
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franco,   Juan Agustin; Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier.
This paper presents results from a survey carried out in 2005 among 147 olive tree farmers from the Alto Genil River Basin in Southern Spain regarding the adoption of soil conservation and management practices. Olive tree groves in South-eastern Spain's mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion and have to incur in high costs of soil conservation. This results in great difficulties to comply with cross-compliance and to benefit from agri-environmental schemes. Our main objectives are to analyse the current level of adoption of soil conservation practices and to analyse which socio-economic and institutional factors determine such adoption. Three Probit models are estimated. Dependant variables are three different soil conservation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Olive groves; Soil erosion; Soil conservation; Cross compliance; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25787

Revisiting the “Cotton Problem”: A comparative analysis of cotton reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delpeuch,   Claire; Vandeplas,   Anneleen; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The cotton sector has been amongst the most regulated in Africa, and still is to a large extent in West and Central Africa (WCA), despite repeated reform recommendations by international donors. On the other hand, orthodox reforms in East and Southern Africa (ESA) have not always yielded the expected results. This paper uses a stylized contracting model to investigate the link between market structure and equity and efficiency in sub-Saharan cotton sectors and analyze the potential consequences of orthodox reforms in WCA. We argue that the level of the world price and of government intervention, the degree of post-reform competition, as well as the degree of parastatal inefficiency, all contribute to making reforms less attractive (but not less pressing)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Cotton reforms; Self-enforcing contracts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q12; L33; O12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62042

Working-Age Adult Mortality and Primary School Attendance in Rural Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamano,   Takashi; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The rapid increase in adult mortality due to the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa raises great concern about potential intergenerational effects on children. This article estimates the impact of AIDS-related adult mortality on primary school attendance in rural Kenya using a panel of 1,266 households surveyed in 1997, 2000, and 2002. The paper distinguishes between effects on boys’ and girls’ education to understand potential gender differences resulting from adult mortality. We also estimate how adult mortality affects child schooling before as well as after the death occurs. The paper also estimates the importance of households’ initial asset levels in influencing the relationship between adult mortality and child school attendance. We find that all...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Kenya; Education; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O15; J10; Q12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55159