Consulta: subjectFacets:"Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies"
Registros recuperados: 2.283
Data/hora: 10/06/2024 09:20:38

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND FRESH PRODUCE: A CASE STUDY USING STORE LEVEL SCAN DATA TO ANALYZE SALES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eastwood,   David B.
Complications have hampered the adoption of Universal Product Codes (UPCs) for fresh produce until recently.  The data being collected using Bar Codes and Price Look-Up Codes (PLUs) have many applications.  A case study of carrots demonstrates how analyses of scanning data can show the effects of new items on established products and the customer's willingness to pay for the new products.  For precut and organic carrots in a Knoxville area supermarket chain, total carrot volume increased as the new products were introduced while regular (bunch) sales declined sharply.  Consumers were willing to pay a premium for the convenience of precut products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14339

Costs of Producing Energy in Dutch Dairy Chains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebrezgabher,   Solomie A.; Meuwissen,   Miranda P.M.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
By 2020, Dutch dairy chains envisage to be self-sufficient with regard to energy used by dairy farms and dairy processors. This would require dairy farms to produce 25 PJ per year, possibly by a combination of wind, solar and biogas. Current analyses focus on biogas. To evaluate the project’s feasibility we estimated the expected technical and financial performance of 4 types of business models, i.e. “CHP-farm”, “CHP-large”, “green gas” and “central upgrading”. Data stem among others from 23 biogas plants in the Netherlands. Anticipating that CHP-models and green gas models occur with a likelihood of 40% and 60% respectively, the total number of biogas plants at dairy farms would amount to 463. There would however be an expected deficit of Euro 157 million...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green electricity; Green gas; Empirical data; Technical performance; Financial performance; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59116

BURUNDI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Beintema,   Nienke M.; Ndimurirwo,   Leonidas.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Burundi’s public agricultural research since the early 1990s using new survey data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16188

RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS--IS ANYONE LISTENING? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15406

ESTIMATED ECONOMIC IMPACT FROM ADOPTION OF WATER-RELATED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellis,   John R.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Reneau,   Duane R.
This study estimates the expected benefits from adoption of new water-related technologies for the Texas High Plains, a region which is currently mining groundwater.  Adoption rates for two improved irrigation systems and limited tillage practices are assumed, and changes in net returns, resource usage, and irrigated acres are examined as measures of adoption benefits.  A recursive linear programming framework covering a 40-year period is employed, with results  indicating that, contrary to what one might hope, adoption will not significantly lengthen the life of the aquifer.  Annual water use changes very little with adoption, while irrigated acreages increase slightly.  Adoption does provide a substantial increase in annual net returns, with discounted...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32310

FATORES QUE AFETAM A COMPETITIVIDADE NA PRODUÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS ORGÂNICAS NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tacconi Neto,   Ernesto Alexandre; Martins Ramos,   Anatalia Saraiva; da Silva Tacconi,   Marli de Fatima Ferraz.
The Brazilian organic market has been growing year by year, and it is important for the country because its production system preserves the environment, besides creating employments and income for rural workers. For this, it is necessary that these producers define ways of competing in the market, focusing on aspects that really add value to the clients. The objective of this research was to investigate, based on the rural producer’s perceptions, factors which affect the competition in the production of organic foodstuffs in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This study can be classified as an applied research study, with descriptive objective and quantitative approach. The instrument used was the form, which aimed to research on the producers of organic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Competitividade; Produto orgânico; Produtor rural; Alimento orgânico; Competitiveness; Organic product; Rural producer; Organic food.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102015

Black-Box Frontiers and Implications for Development Policy – Theoretical Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Frohberg,   Klaus; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software – freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use – recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates with respect to economic development. The results confirm the need for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18772

Estimating the Adoption of Bt Eggplant in India: Who Benefits from Public-Private Partnership?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Qaim,   Matin.
The study analyzes ex-ante the adoption of insect resistant Bt eggplant in India. Farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) is estimated using the contingent valuation method. Given the economic importance of insect pests, the average WTP for proprietary Bt hybrids is more than four times the current price of conventional hybrids. Since the private innovating firm has shared its technology with the public sector, it is likely that public open-pollinated Bt varieties will also be released after a small delay. This will reduce farmers' WTP for Bt hybrids by 35%, thus decreasing the scope for corporate pricing policies. Nonetheless, ample profit potential remains. Analysis of factors influencing farmers' adoption decisions demonstrates that public Bt varieties will...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public-private partnership; Biotechnology; Bt eggplant; Adoption; Willingness to pay; India; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25311

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: FARM-LEVEL, MARKET, AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Sluis,   Evert; Diersen,   Matthew A.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
This study provides an overview of the economic costs, benefits, and risks involved with agricultural biotechnology at the farm level, at the market level, and for the farm and food system as a whole. Both advantages and disadvantages of agricultural biotechnology are discussed. Among the drivers of U.S. domestic and international consumer demand for transgenic crop products discussed are environmental and food safety concerns. A comparison is made between a "science-based" regulatory framework and a policy based on the precautionary principle. The authors argue that open dialogue is needed for achieving improved public understanding of agricultural biotechnology, and that analyses need to go beyond discussing the scientific merits of biotechnology, to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acceptance; Agricultural biotechnology; Benefits; Costs; Public dialogue; Risks; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14654

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF RICE PRODUCTION IN JIANGSU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen.
This paper develops a frontier shadow cost function approach to estimate empirically the effects of technological change, technical and allocative efficiency improvement in Chinese agriculture during the reform period (1980-93). The results reveal that the first phase rural reforms (1979-84) which focused on the decentralization of the production system have had significant impact on technical efficiency but not allocative efficiency. During the second phase reforms which was supposed to focus on the liberalization of rural markets, technical efficiency improved very little and allocative efficiency has increased only slightly, however. In contrast, the rate of technological change continued to increase, although at a declining rate during the second phase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16107

JAAE Front page
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Editorial Information, JAAE Manuscript Submission Guidelines
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113515

Livelihoods and gender roles in drip-irrigation technology: A case of Nepal.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Upadhyay,   Bhawana; Samad,   Madar; Giordano,   Mark.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Drip irrigation; Technology; Rural women; Empowerment; Vegetables; Family income; Households; Villages; Farmers; Economic aspects; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92368

Distribution of Benefits and Adoption of Bt Cotton in Pakistan: Ex-ante Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nazli,   Hina; Sarker,   Rakhal; Meilke,   Karl D.; Orden,   David.
This poster presents the potential impact of Bt cotton adoption in Pakistan. The size and distribution of economic benefits from the commercial adoption of Bt cotton in Pakistan are examined under four hypothetical scenarios. The adjusted economic surplus model is used to measure total benefits and their distribution between producers, consumers and technology innovators. To account for uncertainty in key parameters, the stochastic simulation techniques is applied. The results show that the total net benefits of adopting Bt cotton in Pakistan are large. As a result of increase in production, farmers get considerable benefits despite a decline in price. The share of benefits to innovators is small. The results indicate that the total cost of adopting latest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; Economic surplus model; Pakistan; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61180

HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE NETHERLANDS: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES FOR 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Oosten,   H.J.
Major shifts in world economy, society and technology will cause dramatic changes in Dutch horticulture and in the attitude of the government towards research. The horticulture industry will change from a production-driven to a customer-driven strategy while developing market-oriented product chains. More than ever, knowledge becomes a critical factor in competition. In contrast with the past, the horticulture industry will protect knowledge to increase its profitability.   The government will choose to focus on basic sciences, leaving applied research mainly to the industry.  This is a  major shift since the government used to be responsible for most research. Complete institutional research  programmes are no longer state-financed; instead, a system of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Foresight; Research policy; Strategy development; Horticulture; Netherlands; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12014

Setting Research Priority for Livestock Sector in Gujarat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Das,   N.C.; Khunt,   K.A.
Research resource allocation strategy has been worked out for the livestock sector across districts/ regions of the Gujarat state by using multi-criteria scoring model. The study has covered all the 19 districts of the state and six livestock species. In the commodity priority, the highest share (83%) has been claimed by milk research, followed by draught power (15%). The research share of meat, egg, skin and hair &amp; wool is very low. The trend has been found same in the state as well as the districts. Within milk research, buffalo milk has got the highest priority in all the districts and research on poultry meat has claimed the highest share in meat research in most of the districts. The hide research should focus on the goat hide in the most of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47363

Why weak patents? Rational ignorance or pro-"customer" Tilt?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lei,   Zhen; Wright,   Brian D.
The issuance of weak patents is widely viewed as a fundamental problem in the current US patent system. Reasons that have been offered for the granting of weak patents by the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) include examiners’ “rational ignorance” of the patentability of applications and pro-“customer” rules and institutions that create incentives for examiners to grant patents of dubious validity to their “customers”- applicants. In this paper, we study whether US examiners’ behavior in prior art search betrays their assessment of applications’ patentability. For a sample of US patents for which applications were also filed at the European Patent Office (EPO), we construct a measure of the fraction of prior art that is missed by US examiners. We...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Weak patents; Rational ignorance; Cited prior art; Missed prior art; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49279

Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This article reviews intellectual property rights (IPRs), with some emphasis on the protection of agricultural and life sciences innovations. The main institutional features of IPRs are first discussed, along with a brief historical background and an articulation of the main rationale for the existence of such rights. This is followed by an overview of the principal economic issues related to IPRs. The main benefit/cost trade-offs of allowing patents and other IPRs are explained, and specific issues are then analyzed in some depth, including the scope of patent protection, the effects of patent races, and the problems arising when IPRs concern cumulative and/or complementary innovations. The economics of IPRs are further illustrated by considering...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Incentives; Innovation; Invention; Market failure; Monopoly; Property rights; Public good; Second best; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18466

Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Biodegradable Containers Than for Plastic Ones? Evidence from Hypothetical Conjoint Analysis and Nonhypothetical Experimental Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Hall,   Charles R.; Behe,   Bridget K.; Campbell,   Benjamin L.; Dennis,   Jennifer H.; Lopez,   Roberto G.
This study used and compared hypothetical conjoint analysis and nonhypothetical experimental auctions to elicit floral customers’ willingness to pay for biodegradable plant containers. The results of the study show that participants were willing to pay a price premium for biodegradable containers, but the premium is not the same for different types of containers. This article also shows the mixed ordered probit model generates more accurate results when analyzing the conjoint analysis Internet survey data than the ordered probit model.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biodegradable; Willingness to pay; Marketing; Carbon footprint; Waste composition; Green industry; Nursery crops; Floriculture crops; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100524

EBAY ECONOMICS: FACTORS THAT DETERMINE ONLINE AUCTION PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter.
We analyze online auction prices for top range Bordeaux wine sold on the German eBay site, evaluating the impact of eBay specifics such as auction length, timing of the auction end (day of week, time of day), number of bids, buyer interest (page count), seller reputation, initial prices, picture effects, or private auctions (bidder identity remains undisclosed). Moreover, we evaluate the impact of Parker's rating and whether this quality information is revealed. Other variables of interest are wine age, brands, regional origin, and the 1855 classification. We estimate a main model and two subsets (with page counter, initial bid equal 1€). Our hedonic estimation of the full sample reveals that relative to Sundays, wine auctions ending on Fridays resulted in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20407

Applications of Biotechnology: Genuine Benefits or Empty Promises?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dennis,   Elizabeth S.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123927

THE BUTCHER THE BAKER THE PHARMACEUTICAL MAKER: WHY THE AGRICULTURAL BIOTECH INDUSTRY MAY DIFFER FROM THE GENERAL BIOTECH INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dierker,   Daniel A.; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
This paper explores the apparent anomaly in the patenting strategies found in the agricultural biotechnology industry, when it is compared to the literature's view of the patenting strategies in the general biotechnology industry and in the pharmaceutical industry in particular. By extending an extensive game model of the agriculture biotechnology industry, we show that, like the rest of the biotechnology industry, the integration of the agriculture biotechnology industry into several large private research firms with accompanying government laboratories can be transactions-costs limiting and thus efficient, given the existing institutional structure.  A review of the literature respecting the general biotechnology industry reveals an apparent anomaly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19728

The Institutional Learning and Change Initiative: An Introduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: ILAC.
At a time of rapid environmental, social and technological change, the Institutional Learning and Change (ILAC) Initiative promotes critical reflection and improved ways of working within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The goal is to enhance the contribution of agricultural research to sustainable poverty reduction. The ILAC Initiative draws on the expanding body of knowledge encompassing complex adaptive systems, innovation processes, organizational learning and program evaluation, and promotes the examination of research paradigms, institutional norms, management practices and professional behaviours. The Initiative aims to improve agricultural research and development efforts in four key areas: a) developing the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Learning; Impact; Evaluation; CGIAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52511

Das neue Gentechnikgesetz – ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz? Eine umweltökonomische Analyse der haftungsrechtlichen Neuerungen im Gentechnikgesetz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Alexander; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
In this article, legal consequences of the new German genetic engineering act are analyzed. In addition environmental economic analysis is presented of those parts of the act that introduce new litigation regulation to farmers. The different kinds of external costs arising from genetic engineering of plants and their allocation to different actors are considered. The paper focuses on the costs resulting from the postulated coexistence of conventional/organic farms and users of biotechnology. Excessive liability of farmers can be avoided, if the producers of genetically modified seeds accept any litigation claims against farmers. Furthermore, negotiations between neighbouring farms can be an option to keep the costs of damage prevention at reasonable levels.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering act; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Precautionary principle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97315

ESTIMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE PASTORAL ZONE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: te Kloot,   Jack H.; Anderson,   Jock R.
Measurement of rates of technological change is frequently done in the context of the production function. While measurement suffers problems ranging from conceptual to statistical, this study focuses on the dependence of measurements on the algebraic form of the function specified and the statistical approach adopted. The data relate to an individual property in the central western Queensland sheep country.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9216

The Fragility of Social Capital
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Sabatini,   Fabio; Sodini,   Mauro.
This paper addresses two hot topics of the contemporary debate, social capital and economic growth. Our theoretical analysis sheds light on decisive but so far neglected issues: how does social capital accumulate over time? Which is the relationship between social capital, technical progress and economic growth in the long run? The analysis shows that the economy may be attracted by alternative steady states, depending on the initial social capital endowments and cultural exogenous parameters representing the relevance of social interaction and trust in well-being and production. When material consumption and relational goods are substitutable, the choice to devote more and more time to private activities may lead the economy to a “social poverty trap”,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Technical Progress; Social Interactions; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A13; D03; O43; Z13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50401

Rural Broadband At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Low,   Sarah A.
Three-quarters of U.S. residents used the Internet to access information, education, and services in 2007. Broadband Internet access is becoming essential for both businesses and households; many compare its evolution to other technologies now considered common necessities—such as cars, electricity, televisions, microwave ovens, and cell phones. Although rural residents enjoy widespread access to the Internet, they are less likely to have high-speed, or broadband, Internet access than their urban counterparts. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the difference in access may lie in the higher cost and limited availability of broadband Internet in rural areas. As a result, rural residents depend more on Internet use outside of the home, in places like the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Internet; Broadband; High-speed internet; Telemedicine; Rural; Urban; Census data; Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); ERS; USDA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59018

Cereal Marketing and Household Market Participation in Ethiopia: The Case of Teff, Wheat and Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Hoekstra,   Dirk.
Teff, wheat and rice are becoming important market oriented crops in Ethiopia. This study aims at analyzing the market participation of farm households, market actors, market channels and determinants of household market participation for these crops. Results are based on analysis of data collected from community and household surveys in three districts in three regional states of the country in 2005. Analysis of descriptive information and econometric analysis are used. About 65 - 77% of households produce these market oriented commodities, on about 27 – 44% of the total cultivated area. About 47 – 60% of the produce of these market oriented commodities is sold.  The important market places for producers of these commodities are the district town markets...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52102

Perfil fundiário e padrão de desenvolvimento tecnológico: uma análise a partir  dos municípios das regiões norte e noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Paulo Marcelo de; Ney,   Marlon Gomes; Mata,   Henrique Tome Da Costa.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre o grau de desenvolvimento tecnológico e a estrutura fundiária dos municípios da regiões Norte e Noroeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para caracterizar o grau de desenvolvimento tecnológico, foi empregada a técnica da analise fatorial, enquanto o índice de Gini, a área média e o percentual da área ocupada pelos 5% maiores e os 50% menores estabelecimentos foram empregados para caracterizar o perfil fundiário. Constatou-se que há diferenças entre o grau e o perfil do desenvolvimento tecnológico atingindo pelas regiões, que estão relacionadas, provavelmente, com a as diferenças na estrutura fundiária de cada uma delas.----------------The objective of the research was to analyze the relation between the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tecnologia; Analise fatorial; Estrutura fundiária; Technology; Factor analyzes; Agrarian structure; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108084

Factors Influencing the Temporal Diffusion of Broadband Adoption: Evidence from Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitacre,   Brian E.
This paper examines the shifting influence of household characteristics and telecommunications infrastructure on the residential broadband adoption decision for Oklahoma residents between 2003 and 2006. In particular, the spread of wired telecommunications infrastructure (namely cable Internet and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)) is examined, along with the effect that this diffusion has had on broadband access rates. The data indicates that the gap in broadband access rates between rural and urban areas has remained relatively constant over this period despite increased levels of cable and DSL throughout the state. In addition, an inter-temporal decomposition shows that the increasing levels of infrastructure are not the dominant cause of higher broadband...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Broadband; Internet; Temporal Diffusion; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; O18; C1.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6934

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Price and Distribution Variations for Value-Added Vegetable Products in California. Jim Ahern and Marianne Wolf, Professors, Agribusiness Department, Cal Poly State University SLO.  Case Study of Heritage Ranch, "Wolf-Friendly Beef." Helen L. Aquino, Graduate Research Assistant, Agricultural Economics, New Mexico State University.  Branding Locally Grown Fruit and Vegetables Via State Logos. John R. Brooker, David B. Eastwood, and Morgan D. Gray; Faculty Members; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.  Findings of Strategies Followed by the 28 Past Winners of the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award, 1988-1996. Robert R. Cangemi and Raymond H. Lopez, Pace University, Lubin School of Business, White Plains,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26796

The 24th hour of agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vida,   Adrienn; Baksa,   Adrienn.
Economic and social changes occurring in Hungary and all over the world mean new challenges for sciences. This trend goes also for agriculture; globalization, climate change, the increase in population and food demand, and the decrease of land used for food production at the same time cause problems that can be solved by means of sciences. The year 2007 was the beginning of a new era in agriculture and rural development. The financial period of 2007-2013 presents an essentially new situation in the European Union, so agricultural universities, high schools and research institutes, as well as market operators must undertake serious changes. As Hungary is basically an agricultural country; agriculture plays an important role in national economy, therefore...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrobusiness; Sectorial structure; Research and development (R+D); Competitiveness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47559

Information, ICTs and Ethical Trade: Implications for Self-Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncombe,   Richard; Heeks,   Richard.
Increasing numbers of ethical trade initiatives are being launched, reflecting concerns about the limited benefits that globalisation brings to producers in developing countries. Ethical trade is an information-intensive activity yet little is known about the role of information systems in supporting this activity. Ethical trade - with its voluntary codes and consumer campaigns - also represents a new approach to interaction between market actors. This form of self-regulation is seen as an alternative to state regulation and sanctions, and more appropriate to a liberalised international economy. This paper provides a summary of the literature concerning ethical trade, selfregulation and the role of information. It presents models and issues in relation to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30638

Animal Disease and the Industrialization of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Wang,   Tong.
The industrialization of animal agriculture has fundamentally transformed animal health markets while animal health innovations have promoted this industrialization. The subtlety of these interactions shows how little we know about agricultural industrialization. To illustrate, we consider three stylized features of industrialized animal agriculture. These are the closing off of production activities from external effects, emphasis on control, and use of biosecurity measures. We find that animal disease externalities should lead to higher stocking on any given farm, and also to deficient entry into animal production. Eradicating the disease in a region increases both the stocking rate per farm and the number of farms. We show that antibiotics as a control...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Biosecurity; Biotechnology; Competitiveness; Confined animal agriculture; Economies of scale; Tragedy of the commons; Veterinary inputs.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93673

RESEARCH AND ADVERTISING DECISIONS IN AN OPEN ECONOMY:  THE CASE OF COLOMBIAN MILDS COFFEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sellen,   Daniel; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Research and advertising investment both offer the potential to increase producer surplus.  A model is developed that includes applied research and generic advertising with the aim of measuring marginal and optimal returns from each.  While applicable to specific firm behavior, the model is applied to data from the world coffee market, with particular focus on Kenyan and Colombian producer groups.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27849

Toward a Research Agenda to Promote Household Access to Food in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Molla,   Daniel.
The objective of this report is to review available evidence on the potential to  promote access to food for vulnerable groups in Ethiopia through two main methods: food transfer  programs, and appropriate policies influencing the food marketing system. These issues are  examined with a view to identifying priority issues for analysis under the MEDAC/MSU/USAID Food  Security Project in Ethiopia. In particular, the report presents trends in food aid and food  production in Ethiopia, and provides preliminary evidence of the possible disincentive effects of  food aid on agricultural production incentives and investments in the food marketing system;  discusses the costs and benefits of various food aid transfer programs, and highlights major  unresolved...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food production; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55591

Estimating the Market Effect of a Food Scare: The Case of Genetically Modified StarLink Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Smith,   Aaron D.
Genetic modification of crops has revolutionized food production, but it remains controversial due to food safety and environmental concerns. A recent food safety scare provides a natural experiment on the corn market's willingness to accept unapproved genetically modified organisms. In 2000, a genetically modified corn variety called StarLink was discovered in the food-corn supply, even though it was not approved for human consumption. To estimate the price impact of this event, we develop the relative price of a substitute method, which applies not only to the StarLink event but also to rare events in other markets. We apply this method to measure the price impact of the StarLink contamination on the U.S. corn market. We find that the contamination led...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q18; C22.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25447

Accounting for Uncertainty Affecting Technical Change in an Economic-Climate Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Drouet,   Laurent.
The key role of technological change in the decline of energy and carbon intensities of aggregate economic activities is widely recognized. This has focused attention on the issue of developing endogenous models for the evolution of technological change. With a few exceptions this is done using a deterministic framework, even though technological change is a dynamic process which is uncertain by nature. Indeed, the two main vectors through which technological change may be conceptualized, learning through R&amp;D investments and learning-by-doing, both evolve and cumulate in a stochastic manner. How misleading are climate strategies designed without accounting for such uncertainty? The main idea underlying the present piece of research is to assess and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12143

Organization and Performance of National Maize Seed Industries: A New Institutionalist Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Michael L.; Smale,   Melinda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7698

WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clifford,   William B.; Hoban,   Thomas J.; Whitehead,   John C.
The North Carolina Agriculture Survey was designed to estimate the willingness to pay for agricultural research and extension programs.  We find that North Carolina households are willing to pay between $218 and $401 million for food production programs and between $251 and $698 million for water quality programs annually.  We find evidence of divergent validity and differences in the willingness to pay estimates from the single-bound and multiple-bound data.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research and extension programs; Contingent valuation; Divergent validity; Multiple bound questions; Single bound questions; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15294

R&amp;D Spillovers, Economic Growth, Convergence, and Divergence: A Time-Series Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohtadi,   Hamid; Datta,   Anusua.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50864

Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: ILAC Initiative; PRGA Program; ILRI.
Summary of workshop on Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change. March 26–28, 2008, Cali, Colombia
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impact; CGIAR; Workshop; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52537

EXAMINING PRICE PATHS OF A PORTFOLIO OF AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY SEEDS: THE EFFECTS OF COMPETITION AND FARMERS' RESPONSE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinwa-Muzinga,   Annie; Mazzocco,   Michael A.
Biotechnology techniques have played an important role in meeting farmer's needs in the seed industry given the changes in customer's preferences.  This paper analytically evaluates the time paths of pricing a portfolio of seeds, which simultaneously encourages seed adoption and maximizes a firm's returns within a competitive environment while considering shorter product life cycles.  Using a dynamic programming (DP) approach, the results indicate that the single pricing model and the portfolio pricing model are materially affected by the firm's initial market share, the farmer's attitude towards seed attributes, and the firm competitiveness within the industry.  Farmer's acceptance of a seed variety will have an impact on seed price or actions from the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19829

Measuring Agricultural Innovation System Properties and Performance: Illustrations from Ethiopia and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Kelemework,   Dawit.
Agriculture; developing countries; innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50791

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Popp,   Alexander; Beringer,   Tim; Muller,   Christoph; Lucht,   Wolfgang.
Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

INTERNATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL R&amp;D SPILLOVERS: ATTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS AMONG SOURCES FOR BRAZIL'S NEW CROP VARIETIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Vosti,   Stephen A.
In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&amp;D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence.  Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil.  Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output.  If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&amp;D spending, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&amp;D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14422

THE POLITICS OF UNDERINVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
This paper develops a political economy framework that determines the factors causing underinvestment in public research expenditures. Governments are unable to fully compensate for unequal income distribution effects of research because of either their inability to make credible commitments or of deadweight costs associated with compensation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6848

Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Dairy Technologies In Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makokha,   Stella Nabwile; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Staal,   Steven J.; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis.
Indicators of poverty in western Kenya show high poverty levels. The area has low dairy development yet the potential for dairy development is quite high. Dairy farming has the potential to reduce poverty by increasing incomes and reducing unemployment. This paper reports factor interrelationships in dairy adoption with a view to understanding factors that influence adoption. The binary probit model was used to analyse data from 1575 households. Contrary to findings from similar studies elsewhere, some factors had a negative association with adoption, thus unfolding a unique adoption process. The association between the factor interactive affects and technology adoption highlighted the importance of exploring factor interrelationships. The widely held...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Factor interrelationship; Spatial factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52094

UNCERTAINTIES OF ESTIMATING THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
In literature, impact estimates of agricultural biotechnology vary strongly according to the region, the crop, the year, the scale, and the methodology of the study.  Therefore, this paper provides a methodological background for analysing, interpreting, and comparing these estimates.  All possible uncertainties entailed in the estimation procedure are reviewed as well as a methodology to incorporate them into a stochastic simulation model.  This procedure can be used to assess the welfare effects of agricultural biotechnology in the European Union.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31828

Distribution of Agricultural Research Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.
When there is a correspondence between two logical systems, duality can be used to derive a correspondence between results in one system and results in another system (Russell and Wilkinson, 1978). Under appropriate regularity conditions, dual functions such as normalized profit functions in production economics embody the same information on technology as the more familiar primal production functions. The technology can be examined directly using the primal approach or indirectly using the dual approach. It is often easier to estimate product supply and input demand relationships using a dual approach, because only endogenous variables appear on the left-hand side of equations and only exogenous variables appear on the right-hand side of equations...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50023

On the Impact Assessment of ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spriggs,   John; Farquharson,   Robert J.; Martin,   Bob.
The current ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) guidelines for impact assessment of agricultural development projects see impact assessment as being useful for both accountability to stakeholders and as a learning tool to find out what works, what doesn’t work and why. The methodology involves the use of conventional economic evaluation and the estimation of a money metric based on measuring outcomes in terms of economic surplus changes attributable to directed actions and activities. On the question of accountability to stakeholders, this paper suggests that the money metric may not be the best outcomes-based measure of performance against development goals and that other performance indicators ought to be considered. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Project evaluation; Impact assessment; Adaptive project management; Cambodia.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59162

The Future Prospect of PV and CSP Solar Technologies: An Expert Elicitation Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Catenacci,   Michela; Fiorese,   Giulia; Verdolini,   Elena.
In this paper we present and discuss the results of an expert elicitation survey on solar technologies. Sixteen leading European experts from the academic world, the private sector and international institutions took part in this expert elicitation survey on Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies. The survey collected probabilistic information on (1) how Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&amp;D) investments will impact the future costs of solar technologies and (2) the potential for solar technology deployment both in OECD and non-OECD countries. Understanding the technological progress and the potential of solar PV and CPS technologies is crucial to draft appropriate energy policies. The results presented in this paper...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Expert Elicitation; Research; Development and Demonstration; Solar Technologies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q42; Q55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121699

Quality Evaluation of Electronic Data Exchange System between Business and State Authorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ulman,   Milos; Havlicek,   Zdenek.
The paper presents a new view of quality evaluation of a system of electronic data exchange between a business and government. A method for evaluation of the electronic data exchange system between a business and state authorities is presented in the paper. The method is called CBG (Communication between Business and Government). A goal of the CBG method is to evaluate the system of electronic data exchange between a business and state authorities, not only to evaluate applications such as an electronic data box or an electronic submission of tax. A pilot version of the CBG method provides a tool to evaluate and measure important attributes of the electronic data exchange system between businesses and state authorities
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electronic data exchange; State authority; Evaluation of quality; Attribute; Method; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96861

PRACTICAL CHALLENGES TO ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D: THE CASE OF PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Morris,   Michael L.
Interest in the economics of plant breeding first emerged during the late 1960s and early 1970s following the well-known green revolutions in wheat and rice.  Since that time, few branches of agricultural research have been subjected to as much scrutiny as plant breeding.  Impacts assessment studies consistently conclude that the economic benefits generated by successful plant breeding programs are large, positive, and widely distributed. Case studies repeatedly find that investment in crop genetic improvement generates attractive rates of return compared to alternative investment opportunities. Similarly, case studies consistently show that the welfare benefits resulting from the adoption of modern varieties (MVs) are broadly shared by producers and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19828

Virtual Consumption but Real Market. Does your avatar eat or drink on Second Life?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giraud,   Georges.
Second Life® (SL) is an innovative digital world created in June 2003 by Linden Lab, a Californian company, acting only on the Internet. The purpose of SL is to provide entertainment via virtual experiences to customers who act, travel, buy and discuss into this world through their own avatar. SL is a 3D interactive combination of improved chat and video game, without any strict rules nor clear objective for the game apart to spent time in virtual reality and to enjoy this experience. SL is the most important Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Digital world; Virtual consumption; Global branding; Food- related consumer behaviour; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59114

The Agricultural Research System of the Philippines: A Reconnaissance Report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Waggoner,   Paul E.; Bloom,   Paul R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8431

Research returns redux: a meta-analysis of the returns to agricultural R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Marra,   Michele C.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wyatt,   T.J.
A total of 289 studies of returns to agricultural R&amp;D were compiled and these provide 1821 estimates of rates of return. After removing statistical outliers and incomplete observations, across the remaining 1128 observations the estimated annual rates of return averaged 65 per cent overall — 80 per cent for research only, 80 per cent for extension only, and 47 per cent for research and extension combined. These averages reveal little meaningful information from a large body of literature, which provides rate‐of‐return estimates that are often not directly comparable. This study was aimed at trying to account for the differences. Several features of the methods used by research evaluators matter, in particular assumptions about lag lengths and the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117834

Identifying Economies of Size in Conventional Surface Water Treatment and Brackish-Groundwater Desalination: Case Study in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyer,   Christopher N.; Rister,   M. Edward; Sturdivant,   Allen W.; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Harris,   Bill L.
Two primary potable water-treatment technologies used in South Texas include conventional surface-water and reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination of brackish-groundwater. As the region's population continues to grow, municipalities are searching for economical means to expand their water supplies. Economies of size for both technologies are an important consideration for future expansion decisions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6728

Land Tenure and the Adoption of Agricultural Technology in Haiti
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smucker,   Glenn R.; White,   Thomas A.; Bannister,   Michael.
There has long been an active debate in Haiti—as in many other developing countries— over whether or not the customary tenure system constrains technology adoption and agricultural development, and whether cadaster and land titling should be national priorities. This paper contributes to this debate by reviewing and interpreting the body of literature and new empirical evidence concerning the relationship between land tenure and the adoption of technology in rural Haiti. The findings suggest that (a) formal title is not necessarily more secure than informal arrangements, (b) informal arrangements based on traditional social capital resources assure affordable and flexible access to land for most people, and (c) perceived stability of access to land—via...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50042

UNDERSTANDING FARM-LEVEL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM CIMMYT'S MICRO SURVEYS IN EASTERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doss,   Cheryl R.
Drawing on a series of technology adoption studies carried out by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in collaboration with national agricultural research systems in Eastern Africa during 1996-98, this paper suggests alternative approaches for designing technology adoption studies to obtain as much useful information as possible. It describes the Eastern African studies and summarizes specific lessons learned, asks what can be learned from farm-level studies in a few communities, explores generic limitations of micro studies and a range of problems and issues faced in carrying out such studies, addresses challenges that arise in trying to put together a set of compatible micro studies, and lists overall conclusions and specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46552

Parallel Research, Multiple Intellectual Property Right Protection Instruments, and the Correlation among R&amp;D Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The choice of a research path in attacking scientific and technological problems is a significant component of firms' R&amp;D strategy. One of the findings of the patent races literature is that, in a competitive market setting, firms' noncooperative choices of research projects display an excessive degree of correlation, as compared to the socially optimal level. The paper revisits this question in a context in which firms have access to trade secrets, in addition to patents, to assert intellectual property rights (IPR) over their discoveries. We find that the availability of multiple IPR protection instruments can move the paths chosen by firms engaged in an R&amp;D race toward the social optimum.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Parallel R&amp;D; Patent races; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18379

Scarcity and Growth in the New Millennium: Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   R. David; Toman,   Michael; Ayres,   Robert U.
In their 1963 classic Scarcity and Growth Howard Barnett and Chandler Morse argued that resource scarcity did not threaten economic growth. A second investigation in the late 1970s, Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered, reached largely the same conclusion. The 25 years since that work was published have witnessed many developments. The message of Scarcity and Growth that depletion of market resources was not a problem has given way to a concern that "new scarcities" of environmental quality, global climate, and biological diversity are emerging. Resources for the Future recently assembled a distinguished group of international scholars to again address scarcity and growth. This paper describes their charge and summarizes their findings. Technological progress...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: History of economic thought; Technological change; Renewable resources and economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; B12; B20; N50; O13; O14; O33; O47; Q20; Q32.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10835

BIOFORTIFICATION: HARNESSING AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF THE POOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15903

A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sjo,   John; Biere,   Arlo W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29491

UNIVERSITIES AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENT PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Barham,   Bradford L.; Kim,   Kwansoo.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26030

CONSUMER RESPONSES TO ONLINE FOOD RETAILING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morganosky,   Michelle A.; Cude,   Brenda J.
Consumer behavior in the context of online food retail channels is analyzed.  The research is a follow-up to an earlier study conducted in early 1998 on consumer response to online food shopping.  In the 1998 study (N=243), a majority of the sample (51 percent) were "new" users of online food shopping (&lt;6 months); 35 percent were "intermediate" users (1-6 months); and only 14 percent were "experienced" users (&gt;6 months).  In contrast, the new user segment in the follow-up study (N=412) was 29 percent; the intermediate segment was 28 percent; and the experienced group was 43 percent.  Demographic profiles and shopping behaviors of respondents in the two studies are compared.  Using cluster analysis, four distinct segments of online food shoppers are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26530

An Exploration of Irish Consumer Acceptance of Nanotechnology Applications in Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greehy,   Grainne; McCarthy,   Mary; Henchion,   Maeve M.; Dillon,   Emma J.; McCarthy,   Sinead.
Nanotechnology has come to the attention of food stakeholders in recent years. It offers many potential benefits to food companies and consumers, for example the ability to produce healthier food without compromising taste, but it has also generated much debate, in particular about potential unknown risks associated with food applications of nanotechnology. This research provides some insights into Irish consumer acceptance of food related applications of nanotechnology and details the determining factors framing consumers’ attitudes. Key issues investigated include consumers’ awareness of and attitudes towards nanotechnology, the subjective values (including perceived risk-benefit trade-offs) that frame these attitudes and the influence of new information...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Novel food technologies; Nanotechnology; Consumer acceptance; Risk perceptions; Risk communication; Deliberative discourse; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122006

Analysis on the Development Trend of Oasis Subject and Its Countermeasures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Kaiyong; Yang,   Le; Pang,   Wei; Pan,   Xudong; Zhang,   Fenghua.
The research status, development and trend of oasis subject were analyzed, and related countermeasures to develop oasis subject were put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Oasis subject; Subject; Development; Construction; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53602

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE EMERGENCE OF CLUB BEHAVIOR IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tothova,   Monika; Oehmke,   James F.
The opposing US and EU positions regarding genetically modified crops threaten to polarize the world into countries who accept biotechnology and countries that don't. The paper investigates the emergence of ‘'clubs'’ of countries that adopt GM similar standards. The paper explains the emerging standards, trade patterns, and club behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20023

Assessment of Urban Carrying Capacity.  A Case Study of Environmental and Institutional Implications for Water Resource Management in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chennamaneni,   Ramesh; Rao,   Subba.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36945

EFFECTS OF FOREIGN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON U.S. BILATERAL EXPORTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RELATED AGRICULTURAL INPUTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wisniewski,   Suzanne L.W.
This paper examines the effect of foreign intellectual property right (IPR) systems and the policies that comprise them on U.S. exports of biotechnology related agricultural input industries.  Policy components include the extent of patent coverage across industry sectors, enforcement mechanisms, provisions for loss of patent protection, memberships to other international patent agreements, and duration of patent protection.  Extending the empirical and theoretical work of Smith (2002), this paper uses a gravity model to analyze how IPRs affect the market power and market expansion effects of exports to countries with differing abilities to imitate technology.  The findings suggest that strengthening global IPRs grant a market power effect to U.S....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22222

A Política de Preços Mínimos: Benefícios para Quem, e a que Custo?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: SIMA,   Technical Team.
Resultados das investigações do Projecto de Segurança Alimentar em Moçambique MAP-Direcção de Economia-Dpto. Estatística
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55194

Diffusion of Bt Cotton in India: Impact of Seed Prices and Technological Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arora,   Anchal; Bansal,   Sangeeta.
Recent studies in the literature examining impact of government seed price intervention on adoption of Bt cotton get different results depending on the specifics of the situation analyzed. According to one study, reduction in seed prices enables farmers to buy seeds at lower prices and this can result in surge of area sown under Bt cotton. The other view holds that seed price interventions have little impact on the adoption rates rather these interventions may adversely affect firms’ incentives to innovate. Which of the two views characterize adoption of Bt cotton in India? Using three variations of dynamic logistic model, this paper analyzes the impact of certain economic factors like seed prices, technological development, and cotton prices on the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diffusion of technology; Bt cotton; Seed price interventions; Technological development.; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104154

Will Variable Rate Application Technology Pay in Tennessee?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Larson,   James A.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.
Costs differ among variable rate application systems.  Most feasible in Tennessee are the 1-bin and 2-bin spreader beds mounted to existing chassis with an owner-added variable rate controller and global positioning system.  Truck spreader systems required more acreage or larger custom charges making it difficult to breakeven and earn a profit.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Grid soil sampling; Precision farming; Site-specific information; Variable rate application; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34678

China's Reformed Science and Technology System: An Overview and Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gao,   Zhicun; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Starting from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, this article provides background on China’s science and technology (S&amp;T) system and the perceived growing urgency of reforming it in order to support continuing economic growth in China.  The need for reform became even more pressing once China commenced its market-oriented economic reforms in 1979.  Comparative data are provided on China’s S&amp;T sector, the processes of reforming China’s S&amp;T system is outlined and discussed as well as changing patterns in the source of funds for its S &amp; T research.  China’s evolving technology market is given particular attention as well as its establishment of a patent system.  The importance of closer ties between technology...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Economic reforms; Patents; Research and development; Science and technology policy; Technology markets; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90528

The Changing Cost of Performing Agricultural Research: An Index Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   Joseph W.; Kaldor,   Donald R.
Inflation erodes the purchasing power of dollars in every budget in our society. Budgets of agricultural research organizations have been no exception. Inflation has been defined as an increase in the average of prices {I}. A popular indicator of the rate of inflation is the annual percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (cpr) {2}, The CPI is intended to apply to consumer purchases, yet the concept implies that a similar indicator of the annual percentage change in prices of inputs purchased by agricultural research organizations conceivably could be developed. This paper reports an attempt to develop a quantitative measure of changes in the purchasing power of dollars appropriated from 1973 to 1978 for agricultural research in state agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49066

Study on Ecological Compensation System and Land Desertification Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lu,   Zhixiang; Gao,   Bingtao.
The problems of desertification control in China are analyzed from the perspective of ecological compensation. Firstly, there is no guarantee of ecological compensation system in desertification control. On the basis of knowing land desertification connotation, the western region is taken as an example to analyze the serious consequence brought by land desertification, besides, the connotation and importance of ecological compensation are summarized, as well as the views related to resolve the benefit compensation of ecological environment in the world are introduced. The ecological compensation is mainly based on the compensation theory of public goods and the value theory of ecological environment, besides, it emphasizes using tax to realize...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological compensation system; Land desertification; Creative Conception; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54032

Managing R&amp;D risk in renewable energy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Papineau,   Maya.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48726

A MERGE Model with Endogenous Technological Change and the Cost of Carbon Stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kypreos,   Socrates.
Two stylized backstop systems with endogenous technological learning formulations (ETL) are introduced in MERGE: one for the electric and the other for the non-electric markets. Then the model is applied to analyze the impacts of ETL on carbon-mitigation policy, contrasting the resulting impacts with the situation without learning. As the model considers endogenous technological change in the energy sector only some exogenous key parameters defining the production function are varied together with the assumed learning rates to check the robustness of our results. Based on model estimations and the sensitivity analyses we conclude that increased commitments for the development of new technologies to advance along their learning curves has a potential for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12083

Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Metarhizium-based Biopesticide to Control Cotton Bollworms in Benin (West Africa)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adetonah,   Sounkoura; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Nouhoheflin,   Theodore; Kooyman,   C.; Kpindou,   D.
The study assesses farmers’ perceptions and willingness to pay for a biopesticide developed from Metarhizium anisopliae a fungi. A sample of 400 conventional and organic cotton producers was randomly selected in cotton producing zones in Benin and interviewed for their perceptions on the efficacy of the biopesticide and the likely prices they are willing to pay for the product to control a major pest like Helicoverpa armigera or cotton bollworm causing substantial crop losses. An econometric model (Logit) is used to identify factors highly likely to affect farmer’s willingness to purchase the product. The results show that Helicoverpa armigera or cotton bollworm is perceived by farmers as the most severe pest with losses reaching up to 100%. Farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biopesticides; Cotton bollworms; Farmers survey; Benin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52128

COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FIRMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Begemann,   Brett D.
The agricultural biotechnology industry has evolved from a focus on outstanding science to a more mature phase where firms focus on near-term products and building businesses.  Understanding complex relationships and distribution channels and a global perspective are crucial to commercialization.  Yet, leading-edge technology and early identification of key traits will be critical to developing superior products that ensure competitiveness in the marketplace.   Monsanto is organizing around a life sciences model where seed, crop chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredient businesses will exploit mutual synergies driven by basic science and discovery.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Monsanto; Strategies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15540

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  Farmers' Markets and Tourism: Some Information About These Customers at a Regional Farmers' Market, by David B. Eastwood and John R. Brooker; Assessing the Extent and Causes of Supermarket Under-Capacity in Low-Income Rural Areas, by Phil Kaufman; Food-System Quality Control and Stage of Distribution, by Garth J. Holloway; A Reaserch Proposal: An Investigation of Quality Strategies Followed by Past Winners of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and Their Application to the Food Industry, by Robert R. Cangemi and Raymond H. Lopez; Development of a Produce Inventory System for Small Food Retailers: A Case Study, by J. Richard Bacon, Ulrich C. Toensmeyer and Charles Goulston; Speciality Foods Shops Count Customers (Current and Defections),...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26597

THE ECONOMICS OF REFUGE DESIGN FOR BT CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyde,   Jeffrey; Martin,   Marshall A.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Dobbins,   Craig L.; Edwards,   C. Richard.
Planting Bt corn on large areas may lead to European corn borer (ECB) resistance to Bt.  Scientists recommend planting a non-Bt corn refuge as part of a resistance management strategy.  Different refuge configurations may impact farm profits differently.  This paper analyzes the economics of alternative refuge configurations in Indiana.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt Corn; Refuges; European corn borer; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21519

OUTSIDE PERSPECTIVES ON AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH, TEACHING, AND OUTREACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holder,   David L.
Many of my thoughts in this paper come from the author's experience in conducting comprehensive reviews of agricultural economics departments. The author suggests the need to look at the forces affecting the demand for our products and be willing to challenge many of the myths about the structure and performance of the university system and the agribusiness system.  Agriculture is losing a lot of its uniqueness and becoming part of the mainstream.  Colleges of agriculture have changed considerably in the last 50 years; they will change even more in the next fifty years.  What is our unique niche?  How willing are we to adapt to its challenges?  These questions must be answered in regard to the future of agribusiness research, teaching, and outreach.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16607

Consumer's Attitude Towards Labeled and Unlabeled GM Food Products in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soregaroli,   Claudio; Boccaletti,   Stefano; Moro,   Daniele.
Based on survey data collected on a sample of 500 Italian consumers, this paper evaluates the consumer's attitude towards foods obtained from the application of biotechnologies and foods labeled as "GM free". Results from the application of probit models shows that the probability to purchase GM products is lower for individuals more adverse to risk, older, with higher education and less confident in institutional guarantees. Willingness to Pay for GM free products is positively related to information, risk aversion, age, trust in institutional environment, negatively to the degree of agreement with the application of biotechnologies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34243

Technical Efficiency Effects of Technological Change: Another Perspective on GM Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weaver,   Robert D.; Curtiss,   Jarmila; Brümmer,   Bernhard.
An important approach to reducing persistent technical inefficiency is through technical change. This paper considers the case of genetically modified crop production. A stochastic frontier approach is used to examine how a drastic change from non-GM to GM technology effects the position of the production frontier as well as the extent and nature of technical inefficiency. A one-step method is applied to consider firm-level effects on technical inefficiency. Using soybean production from the U.S. we find that GM technology improves productivity and reduces technical inefficiency though these effects vary across farm characteristics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technical change; Genetically-modified; Soybean; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D24; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24528

THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHONOLGY: PROSPECTS FOR BRAZIL (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Possas,   Cristina De Albuquerque.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33493

THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND WTO ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.; Yampoin,   Revadee; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26005

REGULATORY FACTORS AFFECTING THE AGRI-FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTOR IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diez,   Maria Del Carmen Fernandez; Gil-Delgado,   Maria De Los Reyes Corripio.
In Europe, in addition to public opposition to genetically modified food, the slow pace of development in agricultural and food biotechnology has been attributed to the lack of basic preconditions for commercial and innovative activities. The role and justification of a significant degree of regulation related to crop biotechnology is discussed. We try to clarify the existing broad structures which regulate these genetic technologies by focusing on several areas: environmental regulation, international trade, labelling and intellectual property rights. We attempt to involve the growing range of actors with different interests in the agri-food chain: biotechnology companies, the seed industry, farmer, and consumers.  Finally, we discuss implications and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28597

Industry-Science Connections in Agriculture:  Do public science collaborations and knowledge flows contribute to firm-level agricultural research productivity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toole,   Andrew A.; King,   John L.
Prior research identifies a direct positive link between the stock of public scientific knowledge and agricultural productivity; however, an indirect contribution to agricultural productivity is also possible when this stock facilitates private sector invention.   This study examines how “connectedness” between the stock of public scientific knowledge and private firms influences firm-level research productivity.  Bibliographic information identifies the nature and degree to which firms use public agricultural science through citations and collaborations on scientific papers.  Fixed effects models show that greater citations and collaborations with university researchers are associated with greater agricultural research productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public science; Research productivity; Patents; Citations; Collaboration; R&amp;D; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; O31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103211

IS ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPING INCREASING IN STRENGTH?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corbett,   James J.
Online grocery shopping is a relatively new innovation with regard to the way in which one purchases groceries.  Some interesting concepts- designed to enhance the process of making grocery products available for consumption of the ever-changing consumer- have entered the food distribution industry channels.  A telephone survey was conducted in the Boston trading area to determine the profile of online grocery consumers who are familiar with online grocery shopping.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26527

Reforming the Global Agricultural Research Support System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8433

FORUM - A SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION WITHIN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH: 1958-73
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   John.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9193

Economic Growth in the Philippines: A Spatial Econometrics Analysis at the Provincial Level, 1991 – 2000.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Huelgas,   Zenaida M.; Villano,   Lorena; Garcia,   Cornelia; McKinley,   Justin D.; Mohanty,   Samarendu.
Investigating the determinants of economic growth remains a long research tradition in the economic growth literature. Most studies in this literature have tried to link economic growth and different economic factors using either neoclassical growth theories or endogenous growth approaches. These studies apply these growth theories to identify the factors responsible for the observed differences/disparities between regions or countries. While early studies focused on cross-country analyses, the recent most studies consider regions or sub-national entities as unit of analysis. This has raised the question of whether theories developed for cross-country analysis could be automatically applied for regional or sub-national analysis. Given the profound...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103651

Composition of the National Sheep Flock and Specification of Equilibrium Prices and Quantities for the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries, 2002-03 to 2004-05
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mounter,   Stuart W.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Piggott,   Roley R.; Fleming,   Euan M.; Zhao,   Xueyan.
The data used, and the methods and assumptions fundamental to the development of an equilibrium displacement model (EDM) of the Australian sheep and wool industries specified in Mounter et al. (2007), are contained in this report. The national sheep flock is disaggregated into Merino and non-Merino sheep in the three agricultural zones of Australia using 2002-03 Australian agricultural and grazing industries survey data. Opening and closing sheep numbers, death rates and weaning percentages were used to derive the supply and use of sheep in each zone. Annual shorn wool production was split into four fibre-diameter categories in each zone corresponding to ABS wool export categories. Wool production percentages and relative greasy fleece weights were used to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wool; Sheep meat; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37664

Do Energy Prices Induce Progress in Energy-Related Technology? An Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Simon.
Research efforts towards new energy sources and towards the efficiency of energy use will be vital to reducing CO2 abatement costs in the long term. Can such efforts be induced by price instruments? Economists often cite induced technological change as a possible consequence of environmental market-based policies. Unfortunately, however, there is not much empirical evidence about the policy-induced development of environmentally friendly technology. I use patent data from 1976 to 1997 for the US, Japan and the major European countries in order to estimate the effect of energy prices on energy-efficient innovations. A further supply factor with presumably positive influence in the model is an OECD measure of government R&amp;D expenditures in different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26224

Identifying falsified clinical data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Joanne; Judge,   George G.
Clinical data serve as a necessary basis for medical decisions. Consequently, the importance of methods that help officials quickly identify human tampering of data cannot be underestimated. In this paper, we suggest Benford’s Law as a basis for objectively identifying the presence of experimenter distortions in the outcome of clinical research data. We test this tool on a clinical data set that contains falsified data and discuss the implications of using this and information-theoretic methods as a basis for identifying data manipulation and fraud.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Data collection; Data analysis; Research; Benford's Law; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47001

Monsanto's Adventures in Zulu Land: Output and Labour Effects of GM Maize and Minimum Tillage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gouse,   Marnus; Piesse,   Jenifer; Thirtle,   Colin G.
The only commercial genetically modified (GM) subsistence food crop is white maize in South Africa, which was released in 2001/2. This paper reports on the performance of insect resistant (Bt) white maize grown by smallholders in Hlabisa, KwaZulu Natal, where the other development is minimum tillage. The results show that, contrary to many inflated claims, in the dry 2003/4 season, there was no significant difference between the yield per kg of seed for Bt and conventional maize, due to very low stalk borer infestation levels. Farmers who planted Bt maize in 2003/2004 were thus worse off as they paid more for seed and obtained no benefit. This is measured using efficiency scores from a stochastic frontier analysis. These results conflict with the yield per...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25309

Changing Food Purchasing and Consumption Habits among Urban Middle-Classes in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Kerstin; Dittrich,   Christoph.
This preparatory case study provides an overview on the issue of changing food purchasing and food consumption habits among urban middle-classes in the South Indian emerging mega-city of Hyderabad. It analyses how food purchasing and dietary habits in this specific urban stratum are subject to profound changes due to increasing spending capacity and changing lifestyles in the context of economic liberalisation and globalisation processes. Another objective of the study examines health aspects of the changing food consumption habits. While nutrition research previously focused on the serious problem of undernutrition- related nutrient deficits, recent data shows that overweight and nutrition-related chronic diseases are more and more becoming serious...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Urban food problems; Urban middle-class; Hyderabad; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36908

AGRIBUSINESS: KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION PRIORITIES; ASPIRATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Provedor de dados: 31
The present report presents the NRLO views on knowledge and innovation priorities for Dutch agribusiness in the years ahead as seen in an international perspective. Knowledge and innovation priorities are highlighted against the backdrop of key challenges facing Dutch agribusiness in the years to come. Major challenges include:  To turn from reactive to proactive policy-making based on a broad range of values. The challenge facing agribusiness is that it should assume partial responsibility for maintaining and protecting ecological, cultural, ethical and spatial values. To transform agro-chains into responsive, flexible networks involving other sectors besides agribusiness (such as the transport and distribution sectors, non-food industries).   To...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12015

Underlying trends in employment-output equation: the case of Jordan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Al-Rabbaie,   Arqam; Alwaked,   Ahmad; Altarawneh,   Yaseen.
The underlying employment trend (UET) is investigated in Jordanian economy over the period 1989- 2004 using structural time series model (STSM). This approach allows to modelling the trend in its stochastic form introduced by Harvey (1989).  The results show that a stochastic trend is preferred to deterministic trend. In addition, the inclusion or exclusion of the conventional deterministic trend leads to overestimated output elasticity. Furthermore, the UET is found to be non-linear, down downward sloping.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Employment; Stochastic trend; Structural time series modelling; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94571

A MODEL OF NEW ZEALAND APPLE SUPPLY RESPONSE TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Allan N.; Carman,   Hoy F.
A supply response model for New Zealand apples is specified and equa•tions for new plantings, removals, yields and adoption of an innovation are estimated. The model expands on perennial crop models previously estimated by incorporating the time pattern of adoption of a planting innovation and formulation of a measure of yield expectations given technological change.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22553

Modelling heterogeneity to estimate the ex ante value of biotechnology innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillen,   Koen; Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
After more than a decade of GM crops, literature reports farmers and consumers can gain significantly from the technology, despite the intellectual property rights assigned to the innovator. In this paper we assess the effect of heterogeneity on this distribution of benefits. A two dimensional framework is created to assess the ex ante benefits of an innovation. Given this setting and the scarce data often available, a parametric modelling approach is taken. The two dimensions of heterogeneity, spatial and temporal, are explicitly modelled as they have a different importance for different technologies. Using this framework we can simulate different corporate pricing strategies and evaluate the benefits generated under changing heterogeneity. The framework...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneity; Parametric modelling; Ex ante; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43945

An Exploratory Study to Assess European Consumers' Opinion about a Beef Quality Guarantee System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verbeke,   Wim; Van Wezemael,   Lynn; Barcellos,   Marcia Dutra de; Kugler,   Jens O.; Chryssochoidis,   George M.; Ueland,   Oydis; Grunert,   Klaus G.
Consumer demand in relation to food is increasingly shifting towards products that are safe, nutritious, and of good eating quality. Beef consumers are demanding for experience quality that matches their quality expectations formed prior to consumption, particularly with respect to beef tenderness. The development of a beef quality guarantee system, backed up by objective knowledge obtained through muscle profiling research, can allow the beef industry to meet these consumer demands. A qualitative consumer study has been carried out to assess European consumers’ opinions about beef quality and beef related technologies. This paper reports on consumer opinions and perceptions about muscle profiling and a beef quality guarantee system. Findings indicate that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59113

BEDRIJFSECONOMISCHE IMPACT VAN BIOTECHNOLOGIE IN DE BELGISCHE SUIKERBIETENTEELT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Venter,   Katrien; Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Through Monte Carlo simulation techniques, all possible scenarios are analyzed of the impact of the potential adoption of genetically modified herbicide tolerant sugar beets on the economics of Belgian sugar beet growers. The most likely gain for the average Belgian sugar beet grower amounts to €125 /ha. Assuming an adoption rate of 75%, this transates into a total benefit foregone of €9 million for Belgian agriculture in the agricultural season 1998-1999. Three quarters of this benefit are absorbed by the farmers, while one quarter, i.e. €3 million, is extracted by the gene developers and seed suppliers. This refutes the argument of a seed industry extracting all benefits from biotechnology innovations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31847

Production Inefficiency in Fed Cattle Marketing and the Value of Sorting Pens into Alternative Marketing Groups Using Ultrasound Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koontz,   Stephen R.; Hoag,   Dana L.; Brethour,   John R.; Walker,   Jodine L.
The cattle industry batch markets animals in pens. Because of this, animals within any one pen can be both underfed and overfed. Thus, there is a production inefficiency associated with batch marketing. We simulate the value of sorting animals through weight and ultrasound measurements from original pens into smaller alternative marketing groups. Sorting exploits the production inefficiency and enables cattle feeding enterprises to avoid meat quality discounts, capture premiums, more efficiently use feed resources, and increase returns. The value of sorting is between $15 and $25 per head, with declining marginal returns as the number of sort groups increases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding; Production efficiency; Simulation; Sorting; Value-based marketing; Ultrasound; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C15; D21; D23; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47266

Cost and Benefit Analysis of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Management Technology in Georgia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Ferrer,   Myra Clarisse R.; Riley,   David G.; Sparks,   Stormy; Langston,   David.
Recent trend depicts that tomatoes and tomatoes products rank 2nd most important vegetable crop in the United States after potatoes and potatoes products contributing 20 percent of total vegetable production.  More-so, tomato is equally ranked 2nd in the United States in terms of production value, generating $1.3 billion after head lettuce that contributed $1.4 billion in the same time period. In 2006, 422,000 acres of tomatoes were planted in the United States.  Tomato is equally an important economic crop in the state of Georgia.  In 2008, it ranked 14th in the Georgia vegetable acreage as 3,985 acres were planted.  It also ranked 6th in terms of farm gate value in the same time period generating $51.2 million.  Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt virus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomatoes production; Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV); Inputs; Fixed cost; Variable costs; Profitability; Cost and benefit.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56386

Evaluation Information on Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frantz,   Molly.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48984

Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Breeding
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hock,   Cricket; Naseem,   Anwar; Hossain,   Ferdaus; Pray,   Carl E.
The application of modern biotechnology to plant breeding is considered to be more efficient and quicker than conventional breeding techniques in the development of new and more resilient crop varieties. To test the impact that biotechnology is having on a industrial plant breeding activities, we relate firm level Plant Variety Protection Certificate (PVPC) applications to corresponding expenditure on research and development (R&amp;D), agricultural biotechnology patents applications, field trials of genetically modified crops, firm structure, as well as industry specific characteristics. Regression results indicate agbiotech activities are directly related to PVP applications, hence the creation of new plant varieties.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22093

Consumer Attitudes Toward Genetic Modification and Other Possible Production Attributes for Chicken
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   John C.; Pan,   Xiqian; Sirolli,   Ryan.
Today's consumers face foods whose production attributes they are often largely unfamiliar with and uncertain about.  This study surveyed Delaware consumers about labeling, health risk concerns, and knowledge of five potential attributes for chicken: free-range, treated with antibiotics, irradiated, fed genetically modified (GM) feed, and GM chicken. Respondents were highly in favor of labeling all attributes, and perceived a high health risk from and had a low self-reported knowledge of many of the attributes.  Gender, tobacco use, and label reading habits were significant factors in explaining the difference in responses. An analysis of survey comments further demonstrated the extent of consumer concerns.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27714

U.S. Honey Supply Chain: Structural Change, Promotions and the China Connection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Ronald W.; Boynton,   Bruce.
Among almost all natural food goods, honey is probably one of the most unique in terms of its production history and importance. It is often a by-product from the primary function of pollination by bees. Honey color and flavor is directly related to the types of plants being pollinated. For some agricultural products, honey has limited economic value beyond the food source for the bees, while for others, such as citrus, the value of the honey is much greater since the flavor, texture, and color yields highly desirable honey attributes. Bee pollination is essential to almost every sector of agriculture. For some agriculture goods, beekeepers recoup their returns through payment for the pollination services. When the pollination leads to desirable honey...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59184

THE SOCIAL VALUE OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN CANADIAN WHEAT BREEDING RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zentner,   Robert P.; Peterson,   Willis L.
The level and distribution of the social benefits from public investment in Canadian wheat breeding research and extension activities are examined for the period 1946 to 1979. In addition, average and marginal rates of return are calculated. The results reveal that society has benefited substantially from such public investments, with producers receiving the greatest share of the benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14149

The Participatory Market Chain Approach: Stimulating pro-poor market-chain innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernet,   Thomas; Devaux,   Andre; Thiele,   Graham; Lopez,   Gaston; Velasco,   Claudio; Manrique,   Kurt; Ordinola,   Miguel.
Innovation in the food and agriculture sector is frequently short-circuited by a lack of trust and communication between actors in the market chain. To overcome these problems and stimulate innovation, the Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) brings together small farmers, market agents, and service providers for an intense process of facilitated interaction. The PMCA uses a flexible three-stage participatory process to improve communication, build trust, and facilitate collaboration among participants so that they can jointly identify, analyze, and exploit new market opportunities. The PMCA focuses on innovation in products, technologies, and ways of working together. By carefully selecting market chains and partners, and building in social...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Market; Chain; Approach; Participatory; PMCA; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52532

DECISION CRITERIA FOR INNOVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillon,   John L.; Heady,   Earl O.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22636

Nuclear versus Coal plus CCS: A Comparison of Two Competitive Base-load Climate Control Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tavoni,   Massimo; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
In this paper we analyze the relative importance and mutual behavior of two competing base-load electricity generation options that each are capable of contributing significantly to the abatement of global CO2 emissions: nuclear energy and coal-based power production complemented with CO2 capture and storage (CCS). We also investigate how, in scenarios from an integrated assessment model that simulates the economics of a climate-constrained world, the prospects for nuclear energy would change if exogenous limitations on the spread of nuclear technology were relaxed. Using the climate change economics model WITCH we find that until 2050 the resulting growth rates of nuclear electricity generation capacity become comparable to historical rates observed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Competition; Electricity Sector; Nuclear Power; Coal Power; CCS; Renewables; Climate Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D8; D9; H0; O3; O4; Q4; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55327

Management of innovative activity under economic and financial changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nazarova,   Rano.
In modern conditions, one of the main tasks of innovative activity’s efficiency is to develop a new concept of innovative processes' management. The author discusses challenges and tasks of different parties of innovation management process – inventor and owner, consumer of innovation and producer, government as well.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation management; Innovative activity; Innovative cycle; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94529

THE CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH TO U.S. SOYBEAN YIELDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miner,   Alan G.
This study addresses several questions: (1) is a soybean yield limit being reached?, (2) what is the rate of return to soybean research, and is the research effect stable over time?, (3) are technology spill-overs between states important?, (4) do input and output price fluctuations affect soybean yields?, (5) what types of weather affect soybean yields?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13661

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND TRADE: ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, MEDICINALS AND BOTANICALS, AND PHARMACEUTICALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Pamela J.
We examine the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on US exports of biological, medicinal, botanical, and pharmaceutical products.  We find that: (1) strong IPRs enhance monopoly power of US exports in countries with weak imitative abilities;  and (2) strong IPRs expand markets for US exports in countries with strong imitative abilities.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Exports; Biotechnologies; Medicinals; Botanicals; Pharmaceuticals; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; F13; Q16; Q17; K55; O34.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21525

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN U.S. AGRICULTURE: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
An endogenous growth model, in which technical change is attained through public and private R&amp;D activities, is utilized to explore the role of technical change in TFP growth, to determine the impact of public and private agricultural R&amp;D investments on the flow of agricultural patents, and to analyze the determinants of private agricultural R&amp;D spending. The implications of the theoretical model are tested empirically for the U.S. agricultural sector. The empirical results are consistent with the theory. The main finding is that there is a positive relationship between TFP growth in the agricultural sector and agricultural patents. Current and past public  and private R&amp;D investments in agricultural sector have a significant and positive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19599

VLIT NODE Sensor Technology and Prefarm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charvat,   Karel; Musil,   Marek; Krivanek,   Zbynek.
Precision farming systems are based on a detailed monitoring of information and data that are necessary for successful decision-making in crop production. The system is designed for data collection from several resources. In past years an extensive research and development work has been done in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the world. When a wireless sensor network (WSN) is used for agricultural purposes, it has to provide first of all a long-reach signal. The present paper describes new long distance RFID based technology implementation - VLIT NODE.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Wireless Sensor Network; Precision Agriculture; RFID.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96875

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN OYSTER PROCESSING: A HACCP STIMULUS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hinson,   Roger A.; Whitley,   Daniel B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26534

EX-ANTE EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE CASE OF TRANSGENIC SUGARBEETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
We develop a theoretical welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits.  The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugarbeet adoption in the European Union and the Rest of the World.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20631

U.S. Universities' Net Returns from Patenting and Licensing: A Quantile Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
In line with the rights and incentives provided by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, U.S. universities have increased their involvement in patenting and licensing activities through their own technology transfer offices. Only a few U.S. universities are obtaining large returns, however, whereas others are continuing with these activities despite negligible or negative returns. We assess the U.S. universities' potential to generate returns from licensing activities by modeling and estimating quantiles of the distribution of net licensing returns conditional on some of their structural characteristics. We find limited prospects for public universities without a medical school everywhere in their distribution. Other groups of universities (private, and public with a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayh-Dole Act; Quantile regression; Returns to innovation; Skewed distributions; Technology transfer; University patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18441

Production risk and farm technology adoption in the rain-fed semi-arid lands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogada,   Maurice Juma; Nyangena,   Wilfred; Yesuf,   Mahmud.
This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of production risk on smallholder farmers’ adoption of farm technology, using plot-level data collected from two semi-arid districts in Kenya, Machakos and Taita Taveta. Using Mundlak’s approach (1978), the study found that factors such as yield variability and the risk of crop failures indeed affect technology adoption decisions in low-income, rainfed agriculture. However, the direction and magnitude of effects depend on the farm technology under consideration. The results explain why poor farm households in rainfed and risky production environments are reluctant to adopt new farm technologies that could improve production: it is because the technologies involve enormous downside risks. This result...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm productivity; Production risk; Farm technology adoption; Kenya; Farm Management; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D81; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93865

Internet Based Benchmarking
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogetoft,   Peter; Nielsen,   Kurt.
We discuss the design of interactive, internet based benchmarking using parametric (statistical) as well as non-parametric (DEA) models. The user receives benchmarks and improvement potentials. The user is also given the possibility to search different efficiency frontiers and hereby to explore alternative improvement strategies. An implementation of both a parametric and a non parametric model are presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24215

Consumers' Preferences for GM Food and Voluntary Information Acquisition: A Simultaneous Choice Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Hu,   Wuyang; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Previous research studies directed at the influence of information on consumers' preferences and choices of food in the context of genetically modified (GM) food assume that information is exogenous, in that this is provided to consumers from external sources. Information made available to consumers is also typically treated as being received and processed. Other literature and observation suggests that these two features tend not to apply in practice. Using data from a choice experiment on consumers' choices for genetically modified food in which respondents were able to voluntarily access information, this study allows information to be endogenous; consumers' product choices and information access decisions are examined within a simultaneous choice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Information search; Multinomial logit models; Simultaneous modeling.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; Q18; C8.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25786

Socioeconomic Profiles of Early Adopters of Precision Agriculture Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daberkow,   Stan G.; McBride,   William D.
Corn producers are the largest users of cropland and agrichemicals in U.S. agriculture, and represent a major market for precision agriculture technologies. Based on a USDA survey of 950 corn-producing farms, approximately 9% utilized some aspect of precision agriculture for corn production in 1996. A logit analysis indicated that farmers were more likely to adopt precision technologies if they farmed a large number of corn acres, earned a sizable farm income, and had high expected corn yields. The probability of adoption was also higher for farm operators using a computerized farm record system, who were less than 50 years of age, and who relied on crop consultants for information on precision agriculture.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Corn farms; Logit analysis; Precision agriculture; Precision farming; Technology adoption; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90442

TOWARD A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.
Agricultural economists need to evaluate their own research priorities. The main difficulty in doing so is to value the types of information generated by economic research. Bayesian decision theory provides a framework for valuing information, and the results of selected studies using this methodology are collated. Most of the other determinants of research priorities can be encapsulated in a target return ratio measure. How such a framework might be used is illustrated by three 'hypotheticals'.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22453

Returns to Investment in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven.
Investment in agriculture is necessary for ensuring rapid economic growth and poverty reduction in Zambia, as elsewhere in Africa. Yet many of the key investments required to accelerate agricultural growth – technological research, rural infrastructure and market standards, organization and enforcement -- are public goods. Because the private sector cannot capture gains from these investments, they will not invest in amounts sufficient to ensure broad-based agricultural growth. Therefore, the public sector needs to provide the necessary research, transport and market infrastructure necessary to stimulate agricultural growth. Zambia currently allocates 6% of government outlays for agriculture. This is less that the 10% commitment Zambia has made under the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Zambia; Agriculture growth; Public investment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54625

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN NEBRASKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Megeressa,   Dereje B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61717

Analysis of the Method for the Selection of Regions with Concentrated State Aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krejci,   Igor; Voriskova,   Andrea.
The paper deals with the analysis of a method used by the Czech Government and the Ministry for Regional Development to select regions with concentrated state aid. It contains a comparison with several different basic methods of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). The analysis focuses on a mathematical algorithm of the established MCDM method and does not consider validity of any selected socioeconomic criteria and their weights. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the used MCDM method are presented. The paper includes a simple proposal of the modification of the examined method that will prevent incorrect data normalisation used for region’s evaluation before revision in 2010. Data used for all calculations were obtained from the Ministry for Regional...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: The weighted sum approach; The TOPSIS; Multi-criteria decision-making; Regions with concentrated state aid; District.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96876

Evaluation, Learning and Change in Research and Development Organizations: Concepts, Experiences, and Implications for the CGIAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horton,   Douglas; Galleno,   Viviana; Mackay,   Ronald.
2nd edition
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Learning; Evaluation; Change; ISNAR; Research; CGIAR; Development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52540

Environmental and Natural Resource Economists, Great Research, and the National Science Foundation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: O'Connor,   Robert E.
Environmental and natural resource economists could be more effectively engaged in great re-search on exciting issues in environmental and natural resource management. After identifying possible obstacles to improved research, the article focuses on opportunities and obstacles as-sociated with obtaining funding from the National Science Foundation. Opportunities abound, both ongoing and in the future, for interdisciplinary work involving environmental and natural resource economists. Keys to exploiting these opportunities for funding include a willingness to face rejection, build teams, contact program officers with specific questions, write detailed research designs, and prepare proposals that promise to go beyond narrow incremental advances.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Natural resource economists; National Science Foundation; Research funding opportunities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44734

Lessons from implementing INFFER with regional catchment management organisations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Sally P.; Curatolo,   April; Pannell,   David J.; Park,   Geoff; Roberts,   Anna M.
Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality and biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. It aims to achieve the most valuable environmental outcomes with the available resources. During 2008 and 2009 INFFER has been implemented with a number of catchment management organisations (CMOs) throughout Australia. In this paper, we report on lessons from and implications of this experience. Data on implementation were collected in formal and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59100

Biotechnology, Intellectual Property and Value Differentiation in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Scotchmer,   Suzanne; Simon,   Leo K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25083

North Dakota State University Sunflower Research: A Summary of Selected Research Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobsen,   Roy M.; Sell,   Randall S.; Watt,   David L.
Sunflower research in North Dakota focuses on variety testing. Additional research has been conducted on cost-effective cultural practices, possible use to produce a red dye food colorant, and the estimated economic impact of banning an insecticide. Variety testing has been conducted at most state experiment sites in North Dakota, including, Casselton Agronomy Seed Farm, Carrington Research Extension Center, Langdon, Minot, Williston, Dickinson, and Hettinger Experiment Stations. A comparison of the impact of conventional tillage and no tillage on sunflower in North Dakota has been conducted at Dickinson Experiment Station and USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan. A large number of diseases and pests may infect sunflower. The North...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51172

A proposal for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Donghyun.
This paper addresses the problem of how to measure the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. It argues that social science research promotes economic efficiency in three different ways—it fosters efficiency in the public sector both directly and through effects on the general public, and it increases the efficiency of the private sector. The paper also proposes a practical empirical methodology for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. The proposed methodology includes a three-stage analysis of a cross-section of countries. The relationship between research and policy is estimated first. Then an estimate is made of the relationship between policy and economic growth. Finally, these estimates are used to deduce...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48292

Beyond semi-dwarf wheat yield increases: impacts on the Australian wheat industry of on-going spillovers from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.
Wheat genetic materials developed from research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico for developing countries have provided spillover benefits to Australia. Varieties developed from those genetic materials have resulted in yield increases in Australia. While the initial impact came through the introduction of higher-yielding semi-dwarf wheat crops, those impacts have continued in the post-semidwarf period. CIMMYT’s success in developing countries has also reduced the world price for wheat. While the lower prices affect returns in Australia, the increased yields in Australia from the CIMMYT spillovers from both the semi-dwarfs and the postsemidwarf phases have provided benefits to Australia averaging A $30 million per...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D evaluation; R&amp;D policy; Spillovers; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118519

Editors' Report - February 7, 2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchant,   Mary A.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113516

Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Marek,   Thomas H.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680

MODELING INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT INTRODUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; DeVuyst,   Cheryl Sinn; Taylor,   Richard D.
Planned introductions of genetically modified crop varieties can be troublesome to model. Estimation of demand and supply equations is not feasible due to lack of data. Further, specifying demand and supply equations requires calibration to a presumed equilibrium. Depending on the point chosen, highly questionable results may be obtained. We propose a model that uses existing supply, demand, and elasticity estimates. The approach relies on composite supply and demand functions. These composite functions are linear combinations of GM and non-GM varieties. We then employ this approach in a model of world wheat trade to analyze the impact of several plausible GM wheat adoption and consumer acceptability scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International trade; Genetically modified organisms; Producer surplus; Consumer surplus; Welfare; Transportation cost; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23550

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH HAS AN AUDIENCE BUT NOT A SPONSOR: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kealy,   Mary Jo.
There exists no mechanism for federal agencies, national laboratories, industry, and academic institutions to set a national environmental research agenda.  Moreover, funding for social science research is inadequate for providing a sound scientific basis for making environmental policy.  Despite this lack of leadership, it is quite possible to define an environmental economic research agenda that could lead to improved policies for protecting and managing the environment.  The present paper makes some recommendations from an insider's viewpoint.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31445

REVIEW OF METHODS USED TO EVALUATE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Davis,   Jeffrey S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13520

RESEARCH BENEFITS REVISITED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jarrett,   Frank G.; Lindner,   Robert K.
This paper explains why various formulae used in the literature to calculate level and distribution of annual research benefits yield different results. After reviewing the differences in assumptions used by different authors to develop their respective formulae, the paper concludes by presenting alternative formulae which are more generally applicable than those previously available.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9221

National and International Developments in Technology - Trends, Patterns and Implications for Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koopmann,   Georg; Munnich,   Felix.
Declining R&amp;D intensities at the national level coincide with growing international technological links. Deviations of individual OECD countries from the average R&amp;D intensity reflect differences in industry structure as well as in sectoral R&amp;D intensity. At the same time, the sectoral distribution of R&amp;D expenditure varies substantially less across countries than do the respective growth rates. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the most important vehicle for the exploitation of "home-grown" technology abroad. FDI frequently also entails the generation of knowledge abroad in own R&amp;D facilities the nature of which increasingly shifts from adaptation to innovation development and knowledge-seeking. In addition, international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26127

Laboratory Protocols CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warburton,   Marilyn.
Third Edition
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Chemiluminescence immunoassays; DNA; DNA hybridization; Molecular markers; PCR; RFLPs; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F30.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56184

Trust in ICT-Based New Product Development - Guidelines for Virtual New Product Development Teams
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haas,   Rainer; Meixner,   Oliver; Poechtrager,   Siegfried.
The traditional process of new product development is focusing on an intra-organizational workflow, which should - in its ideal form - be done by virtual interdisciplinary teams. Team members should be from several departments like manufacturing, research &amp; development, sales and marketing. But innovation is happening more and more in networks of companies, clusters or so called network companies. The following article delivers a framework of guidelines for virtual team management in order to improve the success of innovation strategies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: E-collaboration; Virtual team work; New product development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7720

Változó klíma, természet és az innovációs kihívások
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinya,   Laszlo.
A postcarbon gazdaság és társadalom felé lépkedve a környezeti változásokkal és az alkalmazkodást szolgáló változtatásokkal járó, növekvő gazdasági-társadalmi feszültségek megoldására irányuló globális és nemzeti szintű lépések eddig igen szerény eredményekkel jártak. Írásunkban ennek számos lehetséges oka közül a változásokban (kihívásokban) eddig jobbára figyelmen kívül hagyott komplex összefüggéseire mutatunk rá az általunk korábban már tárgyalt „Top 10” globális kihívás újraértelmezésével. A hosszú távú innovációs ciklusok és a jelenlegi kihívások párhuzamba állításával pedig kiemeljük az eddig háttérbe szorult, komplex, rendszerszintű innovációk növekvő fontosságát. --------------------------------------- Entering into the postcarbon sociaty, the role...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Komplex kihívások; Lokális válaszok; „soft” innovációk; Complex challanges; Local answers; "soft" innovatiuon; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119934

INNOVATIONS AS A DEVELOPMENT FACTOR FOR THE CONTEMPORARY CULTURE IN BELARUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buloichyk,   Sviatlana.
Cultural institutions, being the subjects of management on one hand, and creating economic conditions on the other hand, have a significant impact on the development of the economy. However, cultural institutions themselves need to be developed. Certain economic innovations can become a development factor in the work of cultural institutions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Budget allowances; Autonomous institutions; Sphere of culture; Budgetary institutions; Economic innovations.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H40; UDC: 338.2; 379.8.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92391

Rates of Return to Public Agricultural Research in 48 U.S. States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
The internal rate of return to public investment in agricultural R&amp;D is estimated for each of the continental U.S. states. Theoretically, our contribution provides a way of obtaining the returns to a local public good using Rothbart’s concept of virtual prices. Empirically, we use the spatial dependency among states generated by knowledge spillovers to define the ‘appropriate’ jurisdiction. We estimate an average own-state rate of 17% and a social rate of 27%. These figures should inform the policy debate on the allocation of federal funds to research in anticipation of a possible global food crisis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internal rates of return; Public R&amp;D; Spillins; Local public goods; Appropriate jurisdiction; Spatial.; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; H41; C33; C31.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51709

GOVERNING THE GM CROP REVOLUTION: POLICY CHOICES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16231

INDUCED INNOVATION: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE THEORY AND CONCLUSIONS FROM NEW EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binswanger,   Hans P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13955

Growing more rice with less water: Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems: Progress of research, 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003.
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop-based irrigation; Rice; Irrigation canals; Models; Groundwater; Aquifers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92411

TECHNICAL CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE: THREE EXAMPLES (SUGARCANE, BANANAS, AND RICE)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Houck,   James P.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The purpose of this paper is to examine three cases which provide some insight into the character of international transmission of technical change and its economic impacts and implications. These cases focus on three separate commodities, sugarcane, bananas, and rice. Each case presents different facets of the international movement of technological innovation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1968
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13879

Computer and Internet Use by Great Plains Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Aaron D.; Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Goe,   W. Richard; Kenney,   Martin.
We use data from a 2001 survey of Great Plains farmers to explore the adoption, usage patterns, and perceived benefits of computers and the Internet. Our adoption results suggest that exposure to the technology through college, outside employment, friends, and family is ultimately more influential than farmer age and farm size. Notably, about half of those who use the Internet for farm-related business report zero economic benefits from it. Whether a farmer perceives that the Internet generates economic benefits depends primarily on how long the farmer has used the Internet for farm business and for what purposes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11947

Technical Versus Institutional Innovation in Andalusian Olive Tree Orchards: An Adoption Modelling Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calatrava-Requena,   Javier; Gonzalez-Roa,   Maria del Carmen.
A survey carried out among olive tree growers in different districts of southern Spain allows the identification and analysis of factors related with adoption of several technical and institutional innovations. At that respect, a composite numerical index has been performed including all innovations considered, among then the following: changes in orchard structure, non or reduced tillage, use of tree vibrators for harvesting, non conventional methods for fighting pests and diseases, keeping an accounting systems, annual farm planning, level of information and awareness of the European CMO in relation to olive oils, etc. Structural and managerial variables of the orchard and personal characteristics of the grower, related to the composite innovation index,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation adoption; Institutional and technological innovations; Olive tree growers; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44015

Induced Innovation in the High Rainfall Zone
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   John F.
The induced innovation hypothesis states that the direction of technical change is determined by changes in relative input prices acting as a "spur to invention". To determine the validity of this hypothesis for the High Rainfall Zone of the Australian sheep industry, technical change biases for five input categories were measured using time series data for the period 1952-53 to 1976-77. These biases were then related to relative changes in the price of these input categories. The biases were measured by the application of a translog cost function model and suggested that, in general, technical change has been biased toward the saving of labour and land, the using of livestock, and neutral in regard to capital, and possibly materials and services....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12522

A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF BIO-ENGINEERED GRAINS ON COMMODITY MARKETING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sonka,   Steven T.; Schroeder,   R. Christopher; Cunningham,   Carrie J.
The goal of the analyses described in this paper is to explore market system changes that could result from adoption of bioengineered crops, if that adoption occurs.  The analysis results reported are prospective in nature with the overall purpose of identifying questions and key issues, rather than predict specific outcomes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20463

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEMAND FOR STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION  RESOURCES: A  DEMAND-SYSTEM APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Evenson,   Robert E.
This paper presents new econometric evidence on state government's demand for resources to support local agricultural experiment station research.  The econometric model consists of a complete-demand system covering four major resource sources, and it is fitted to annual observations on 48 contiguous states, 1970 to 1999.  These results show that forces of total SAES budget size, national ranking of agricultural college and university programs, state demographics, and state's agricultural-output composition impact a state government's demand for resources for state agricultural experiment stations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18206

THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION EXPENDITURES IN THE SOUTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bauer,   Larry L.; Hancock,   Curtis R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29527

Editorial - Research in Agricultural Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1949
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8928

Abstracts:  Proceeding of National Seminar on "Integrated Rural Development and Management: Issues, Strategies and Policy Options"
Provedor de dados: 31
This document is a collection of 157 abstracts received during the National Seminar on "Integrated Rural Development and Management: Issues, Strategies and Policy Options" held at the IRDM Faculty Centre of Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University during 17-18 December, 2010
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Agriculture; Rural Health; Rural Education; Women and Child Education; Human Resource Development; Rural Development Administration; Corporate Social Responsibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98255

USE PROSPECTS IN MICROELECTRONICS FOR POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILM STRUCTURES WITH p–n JUNCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aliev,   Raimjon; Muhtarov,   Erkin.
The paper discusses perspectives of elaborating microelectronic and optoelectronic devices on polycrystalline silicon films. The I-V features of structures with p-n-junction, formed by using methods of р-type conductivity layer grow, thermal diffusion and ion-implantation of boron atoms into n-type polycrystalline silicon layer are compared. The I-V feature with S-form curve of the investigated structures conditioned by changing of the conductivities of base and grain boundaries under thermal processing are revealed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Polycrystalline silicon; Grain boundaries; Ion-implantation; Microelectronics; Negative differential resistance; Photodiode; I-V characteristics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94559

Institutional Learning and Change in the CGIAR: Summary Record of the Workshop Held at IFPRI, Washington, DC, February 4-6, 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
This report summarizes the papers presented and the discussions that took place at the workshop on Institutional Learning and Change in the CGIAR held at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in Washington, D.C. from February 4–6, 2003. The workshop brought to together researchers, donors, and practitioners to develop a strategy for promoting a culture and set of practices conducive to institutional learning and change (ILAC) within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CGIAR; ILAC; Institutional; Learning; Change; IFPRI; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52539

Non-technical Innovations in Swiss Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buser,   Christian.
The main objective of the inoVagri research project is to reach a better understanding of non-technical innovation in Swiss Agriculture. For this purpose a diversified case study was carried out. It enabled the analysis of innovative activities such as new organisational forms, new marketing models, vertical integration of the value-added chain and new forms of cooperation. SWOT analysis and 'grounded theory' were used as survey instruments. The study shows that the activities described above are typical process innovations, and that they were applied by the farms for the first time. Therefore the use of the innovations involved uncertainties in planning, lack of experience and unknown risks. The desired result of the innovation process is the realisation...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32010

Integrating Small Scale Farmers into Bread Wheat Marketing Chain through Contract Farming in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Getaneh,   Wubalem; Bekabil,   Fufa.
The treatment effect censored regression model results of this study showed that educational level, value of agricultural equipment and number of oxen owned affected the participation decisions of the farmers in bread wheat contract farming significantly. The most important factors that determine gross margin obtained from bread wheat production were contract farming experience, the number of oxen owned and participation in contract farming. However, technical efficiency differences and management practices followed were not the reasons for differences in gross margin between the participant and non-participant farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contract farming participation; Gross margin and Treatment effect model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52101

PRECISION AGRICULTURE: AN INFORMATIVE REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robert,   Pierre C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32943

Uma análise da agroindústria canavieira do Paraná à guisa da matriz de capacidades tecnológicas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza,   Elvanio Costa de; Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis; Martins,   Jefferson Paulo.
The objective of this paper is to analyse the matrix of technological capabilities of the sugar cane industry in Paraná State, showing your characteristic in the ambits of the investments, operation/production, innovation and relationships with the economy. The results of the matrix of technological capabilities show that the fact of not existing great concentrations for technological capabilities, for the advanced level, common in sugar cane industry, it is still derived of the secular subvencionist paradigm that reigned in the section until the nineties. However, the concern with the sectorial survival, mainly in the current deregulation ambient, it is also evidenced in several ambits of the technological capabilities portrayed by some sugar cane mills...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Technological capabilities; Dynamics; Sugar cane industry; Paraná; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56730

UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION THROUGH SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRIBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Donna K.; Norvell,   Jonathan; Sonka,   Steven T.; Nelson,   Mark J.
This work demonstrates the utility of sophisticated simulation tools in aiding agribusiness managers' decision making.  The system dynamics model developed here provides insight into the use of such models to evaluate potential adoption rates and diffusion patterns of yield mapping and monitoring technologies.  The model allows for comparative analyses of the possible effects of different profit assumptions on adoption and diffusion.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34477

Technology Selection and Appropriate Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Englander,   A. Steven.
This paper provides a formal model of technology choice by a single region. Case studies have indicated that the technology acquired by LDCs often seem unsuitable, although the criteria for suitability are often unclear. The reasons which are presented for inappropriateness of the selection often rely more on political arguments then economic ones, or treat the recipient country as a passive actor in the whole process. Can a technology actively selected by a recipient country ever by inappropriate, assuming factor cost ratios represent true relative values? A model presented by Evenson and Bingswanger (1978) indicates that a technology developed in one economic or physical environment may be 'appropriate' to a second, very different environment if the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49024

GETTING AWAY WITH ROBBERY? PATENTING BEHAVIOR WITH THE THREAT OF INFRINGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiannaka,   Amalia; Fulton,   Murray E.
The paper examines jointly the decision to patent, the optimal patent breadth decision and how these decisions affect, and are affected by, the innovator's ability to enforce her patent rights. A key result is that patenting may occur even when invoking an infringement trial is not profitable for the innovator.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20304

THE STRUGGLE FOR BROADBAND IN RURAL AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dickes,   Lori A.; Lamie,   R. David; Whitacre,   Brian E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broadband; Digital Divide; Economic Development; Infrastructure; Rural Development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L96; R11; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100800

Evaluation on Woodland Intensive Use - A Case of Wenhe Operating Zone in Yakeshi City of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xia; Zhao,   Deyi; Li,   Guoqiang.
Based on apprehending the conception of intensive use of woodland, 12 indices are selected from the aspects of economy, society, ecology and so on according to the principles of scientific systematization, collectible index and system inner linkage. A scientific evaluation index system for woodland intensive use is constructed. Range Standardization Method is adopted in order to eliminate the differences among indices; index weight is calculated by the objective variation coefficient weight method. Physio geographic condition, woodland area and forest resource of Wenhe Operating Zone in Yakeshi City, China are introduced. According to the 2004-2008 relevant statistical data, intensive use level of Wenhe Operating Zone is evaluated. Result shows that the...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Woodland; Intensive use; Variation coefficient weight method; Wenhe Operating Zone of China; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54031

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION AND THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: FIRM AND HOST COUNTRY IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldsmith,   Peter D.; Ramos,   Gabriel; Steiger,   Carlos.
The protection of intellectual property rights has been a contentious issue over the last 20 years.  Industrialized nations have moved to knowledge-based economies and simultaneously trade barriers have fallen, making intellectual property vulnerable.   Adding to this vulnerability are conflicting international institutional environments, belief systems, and economic realities. The debate over IPR protection has become a significant global trade issue pitting the net- technology producing North against the net-technology consuming South.  The North maintains a comprehensive IPR institutional environment and actively employs enforcement mechanisms.  The South on the other hand, is more conflicted.  While in the last ten years many Southern countries have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20672

A Strategic Approach to Agricultural Research Program Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Oehmke,   James F.; Shaffer,   James D.; Staatz,   John M.
Recent studies have shown that agricultural research can have high payoffs in Africa, but impact depends on how well technology fits with evolving needs and capacity in the agricultural sector and the rest of the economy. Structural adjustment policies (e.g., market liberalization, currency devaluation) and political change are transforming user demands for new technology and the economic environment in which technology must perform. The challenge is how to design agricultural research as a strategic input to promote broad-based economic growth, structural transformation, and food security in the increasingly market-driven, but fragile, economies of Africa.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Agricultural Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads May 2008-July 2009: 44; Q18.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54702

Measuring the Contribution of Genetic Characteristics as an Indicator of Innovation: The Case of Corn in the USA, 1990-2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolan,   Elizabeth; Santos,   Paulo.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regimes for plant breeding are generally justified on the basis that they encourage innovation. Introduction of IPR regimes for plant varieties in the United States has led to increased concentration, but it is less clear whether IPRs have promoted useful innovation, as measured by productivity of available corn hybrids. There are difficulties in finding a satisfactory measure of innovation in plant breeding, and in this paper we propose a procedure. Results from the annual corn hybrid trials conducted by 11 US universities over the 20 years from 1990 to 2009, at 365 separate locations in the 11 states, have been collated. This set of unbalanced panel data for grain corn hybrid trials has been used in a fixed effects...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hybrid seed corn; GM traits; Varietal change; Fixed effects; Random effects; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; O34.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61333

Crisis as a catalyst: the role of Schumpeterian innovation in the Lithuanian economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giedraitis,   Vincentas Rolandas; Rasteniene,   Ausra.
What circumstances allow businesses to flourish in a stagnant world economy? We ask that question in our discussion of the uniquely favorable circumstances of the biotechnology sector in Lithuania. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Lithuania’s ability to expand its economy during a time of crisis, focusing on its unique ability to innovate in such sectors as biotechnology.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Schumpeter; Innovation; Kondratiev wave; Biotechnology; Business cluster theory; Financial Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94527

ECONOMIC ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Harwood,   Joy L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Dunahay,   Terry; Heisey,   Paul W.; Hoffman,   Linwood A.; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra; Lin,   William W.; Mitchell,   Lorraine; McBride,   William D.; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge.
Agricultural biotechnology has been advancing very rapidly, and while it presents many promises, it also poses as many questions. Many dimensions to agricultural biotechnology need to be considered to adequately inform public policy. Policy is made more difficult by the fact that agricultural biotechnology encompasses many policy issues addressed in very different ways. We have identified several key areas — agricultural research policy, industry structure, production and marketing, consumer issues, and future world food demand — where agricultural biotechnology is dramatically affecting the public policy agenda. This report focuses on the economic aspects of these issues and addresses some current and timely issues as well as longer term issues.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Economics; Adoption; Patents; Research policy; Markets; Market segmentation; Identity preservation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33735

BRIDGING RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: Progress and problems in confronting hunger and poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were.
Policy research on African agriculture is long on prescriptions for what needs to be done to spur agricultural growth but short on how such prescriptions might be implemented in practice. What explains this state of affairs? What might be done to correct it, and, most important, how? This paper addresses these questions via a comprehensive review and assessment of the literature on the role and impact of research in policy processes. Six major schools of thought are identified: the rational model; pragmatism under bounded rationality; innovation diffusion; knowledge management; impact assessment; and evidence-based-practice. The rational model—with its underlying metaphor of a “policy cycle” comprising problem definition and agenda setting, formal decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60180

TRANSGENIC CROPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: MISSING MARKETS AND PUBLIC ROLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Ervin,   David E.
The rapidity of change has left scant opportunity for investigation of the consequences of biotechnology adoption on long-term ecosystem or economic system functioning. Economic theory suggests that, if the "Biotechnology Revolution" is left to market forces alone,there will be neglected public goods. Theory and limited empirical evidence suggests that there are significant incentives for private firms to discount and neglect certain environmental impacts and to develop products that meet only the needs of those able and willing to pay. Negative distributional impacts on rural societies and economies will not normally enter the private calculus nor will the long-term problems of insect and plant resistance. Thus, there is a strong case for enhanced public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11556

Agricultural Research and Development, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33685

INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: FOUR PAPERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Includes four papers:  Challenges to International Agricultural Research; Biotechnology: The Rate of Public Policy; Science, Technology and Surprise: Implications for Agriculture; Meeting the Food Needs of the World
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13925

Technical Efficiency in North-Western Himalayan Region: A Study of Himachal Pradesh Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   R.K.; Chauhan,   S.K.; Gupta,   Sonika.
The technical efficiency of Himachal farmers, studied using the frontier production function, has been found to vary widely across cereal crops in the state. It has been found that the average yield of all the major cereal crops is below the national average, except the maize crop, which has been found in surplus in the state. Maize → wheat and paddy → wheat have been noted as the major crop rotations being followed in the study area. The analysis of cross sectional data has revealed inefficiency in terms of inputs application. The mean technical efficiencies have revealed that a considerable portion of frontier output is left untapped, it is 35-42 per cent in maize, 44-50 per cent in paddy and 61-67 per cent in wheat. The ratio of marginal value...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47364

Estimating Future Consumer Welfare Gains from Innovation: The Case of Digital Data Storage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
We develop a quality-adjusted cost index to estimate expected returns to investments in new technologies. The index addresses the problem of measuring social benefits from innovations in service sector inputs, where real output is not directly observable. We forecast welfare gains from two U.S. Advanced Technology Program innovations equaling 25%-50% of expected price, and aggregate consumer benefits of $1-$2 billion, relative to trends in existing technologies. Our model's probabilistic parameters reflect uncertainty about prospective outcomes and in our hedonic estimates of shadow values for selected product attributes. The index can be readily adopted by research and development (R&amp;D) managers in industry and government.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10814

Adding value through policy-oriented research: reflections of a scholar-practitioner
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Timmer,   C. Peter.
Any evaluation of the benefits of policy-oriented social science research faces fundamental difficulties. These include the uncertainty in determining a causal link between research and the outcome of a policy or the value of a policy outcome. Nonetheless, firm connections can be established between policy research and policy outcomes if there are strong links that bridge the gaps between social science research and the various parts of the policy process. These connections can be established often enough to make it possible to learn about the relationship between research and outcome and the key variables that affect the social profitability of the underlying research. This essay uses the author's experience with agricultural price policies in Asia,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48291

Soil Fertility Management And Maize Productivity In Malawi: Curvature Correct Efficiency Modeling And Simulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchale,   Hardwick; Sauer,   Johannes.
We assess the level and determinants of relative technical efficiency of maize-based smallholder farmers using a translog stochastic frontier (TL) model and a symmetric generalized Barnett production function (SGB), both of which are tested for economic regularity conditions. In addition, we conduct a bootstrapping procedure in order to infer about the probability distributions and significance of the relative efficiency values for farmers using different soil fertility management options. The results indicate that higher levels of relative technical efficiency obtain when farmers use integrated soil fertility options compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. The consistency of the results across the two models increase the robustness of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder agriculture; Relative technical efficiency; Soil fertility management; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52077

THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Allan W.; Boehlje,   Michael.
Farming is in the midst of a major transformation-not only in technology and production practices, but also in size of business, resource (land) control and operation, business model and linkages with buyers and suppliers. This paper describes the fundamental drivers of today's structural change in U.S. agriculture. The impact of the drivers are illustrated by describing some illustrations of the kinds of innovative farming operations that are developing in agriculture, not the typical farms but those who appear to be leading and shaping the new agriculture. Finally, farm policy implications of the transformation of farming to an industrial manufacturing model are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm policy; Industrialization of agriculture; Structural change; Biological manufacturing; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6712

Strategic Management of Food Networks: Towards Understanding of Network Goals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gagalyuk,   Taras; Hanf,   Jon Henrich; Ziggers,   Gerrit Willem.
Current interorganizational literature almost exclusively analyzes the network effects on single firms participating in networks. This study expands this view theoretically by focusing on food supply chain networks. Specifically, we argue that both, network-level and firm-level goals have to be achieved to structure long-term and successful network relationships. By implementing simultaneously partnering and supply chain management strategies, the network’s management will ensure goal consensus among the network actors and goal compatibility between the network levels. Thereby, preconditions for the achievement of network-level and firm-level goals will be installed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Network goals; Network levels; Goal consensus; Goal compatibility; Focal company; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59206

The value of economic research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zilberman,   David; Heiman,   Amir.
Economic research generates a wide array of benefits. These include information, technological change, and improved policy. There are few quantitative studies of the benefits of economic research, and some benefits may be misattributed to biological and physical research. To be productive, economic research must be transmitted and the user must be able to use it. Therefore, investment in extension outreach and economic literacy are important to improve its impact. Even casual observation suggests that economic research is valuable, but noneconomists must be convinced of this. Since benefits are likely to be concentrated in a small number of successful projects, a useful approach to the assessment of the benefits of research is to identify these projects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48288

Recent Developments in the Rwandan Agriculture: The Challenges of Attaining Food Security and Abolishing Absolute Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jose,   Ariyappillil Mathai.
The paper intends to take stock of the situation in the agricultural sector of Rwanda. The main purpose is to identify the gaps in the efforts so far; and subsequently to consider new policy interventions that are needed to achieve the goal of eliminating the ‘Fear of Want’. The sector’s performance is crucial in achieving the MDGs in the country. Noteworthy is that the largest part of Rwandan population agriculture is a livelihood and for the policy makers the sector is continuing to be a development problem. This paper analyzes the links between agriculture, food security and poverty reduction in Rwanda based on available secondary data. It is done in light of two important happenings in the country development scenario after the completion of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52131

COMPUTER AND INTERNET ADOPTION ON LARGE U.S. FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gloy,   Brent A.; Akridge,   Jay T.
The adoption of the personal computer and the Internet is studied within a sample of large U.S. farms.  Factors such as age and education influence the adoption of both technologies.  Likewise, strong relationships exist between the adoption of each technology and the sophistication of farm management and the complexity of the farm business.  After controlling for computer adoption, the results suggest there remain several factors limiting Internet adoption. It appears that producers are unsure as to how the Internet can best be used to create value in their farm businesses.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34475

Das neue Gentechnikgesetz - ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Becker,   Alexander; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
In addition to existing juridical analyses of the new German act for genetic engineering, this article deals with an environmental economic assessment. It is examined what kind of external costs will arise by using/applying genetic engineering and how they will be allocated. Our focus is on the costs that explicitly evolve from the societal postulated coexistence of conventional/ organic farms and users of biotechnology. If the protection of the existing production is accepted, as postulated by politics, the new act internalizes the so called market losses relatively well. In this context, the design of precautionary duties that have to be still established by law is of utmost importance. To avoid the dangers of an excessive liability by the farmer, it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Act for genetic engineering; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; K32; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18775

Information Modelling for Quality and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lehmann,   Richard J.; Reiche,   Robert; Fritz,   Melanie; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
The food sector is confronted with a growing number of public and private requirements, which call for provision of information about the quality and sustainability of food, such as, e.g., its origin, safety and production conditions. This forces enterprises to innovate towards demand driven and knowledge-based production of food. As a consequence, intra- and inter-enterprise production and information processes have to be integrated and suitable information systems need to be developed to provide information for related decision processes. The present paper introduces a generalized modelling framework for model-based decision support systems (DSS) involving production and information processes across whole supply networks. The different phases of a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Supply chain management; Model-based decision support systems (DSS); Process integration; Unified Modeling Language (UML); Discrete-event simulation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59197

AN ADMINISTRATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON MICROCOMPUTERS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaFerney,   Preston E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30249

Factors affecting product innovations: A literature review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chryssochoidis,   George M.
Product and process innovations are prime manifestations of innovativeness by an organization. Yet surprisingly little is known regarding how to initiate and maintain the innovative momentum in organizations with the ultimate target to produce an increasing number of product innovations and improve competitiveness. Of major concern has been however, the sheer volume of contributions on the subject and the complexity of issues involved. An extensive literature review has been carried out covering 400 scientific Journals during a 10-year long period (1991-2001). Over 2500 journal articles have been identified as relevant and read. Their contribution to the subject of product innovations (i.e., process innovations are not covered) has been identified using a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26420

Barriers and Drivers of Innovation in Traditional Food Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuhne,   Bianka; Gellynck,   Xavier; Vermeire,   Bert; Molnar,   Adrienn.
In the European Union the awareness to retain cultural heritage within the different European regions is rising. An important element of the cultural heritage is the production of traditional food products. Few published studies are related to traditional food products and even less to innovation in this specific food sector. Taking into consideration the increasing demand for traditional food products and the importance of innovation to gain competitive advantage, there is a great need to carry out research in this field. In the frame of this research a traditional food network is understood as the network of traditional food firms, research centers and stakeholders of this sector. A traditional food firm (TFF) is comprehended as a manufacturer of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6617

Is There A Rural-Urban Technology Gap? Results of the ERS Rural Manufacturing Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gale,   H. Frederick, Jr.
Advanced technology use is less prevalent in rural than in urban manufacturing plants, but plants of comparable size in the same industry use about the same level of technology, regardless of urban/rural location. The rural gap comes about because the mix of rural industries is more heavily weighted with "low-technology" industries. Both rural and urban businesses rate inadequate worker skills as the most important barrier to use of new production technologies and management practices, while lack of knowledge is the chief barrier to use of telecommunications technology. Rural and urban businesses have similar access to technical assistance, skilled labor, and capital. Rural manufacturers report more problems with employee turnover and infrastructure than...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33709

AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: NORTH-SOUTH PARTNERSHIPS ARE A KEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric; Demont,   Matty; Swennen,   Rony.
Agricultural production almost needs to double in the 21st century, putting tremendous pressure on agricultural resources.  Most food production increases must come from more agricultural intensification in the South.  This advances the need for a new green revolution: higher productivity and at the same time less pressure on the environment.  Agrobiotechnology can contribute to this double green revolution.  Biotechnology innovations are often scale neutral and are therefore suitable for small farmers.  Moreover, genetic modification offers especially advantages for crops domesticated since a very long time and which are therefore quite different from their wild relatives.  However, agrobiotechnology also engenders risks and dangers, outlined in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31837

The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas’s Rice Breeding Program: 1983–2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Moldenhauer,   Karen A.; Lyman,   Nathaniel.
This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University’s breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997–2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic impact of technological change; Just and Pope; Public rice breeding; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100653

COMPUTER ADOPTION AND USE OF INFORMATION SERVICES BY NORTH CAROLINA COMMERCIAL FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amponsah,   William A.
The extent of information use by farmers for farm management is tracked in terms of computer adoption and usefulness, and the use of professional providers of information services. The study is based on a survey conducted in 1991, on North Carolina, as part of a regional project involving about fourteen states. The results revealed a low rate of computer adoption by the farmers surveyed. However, computer adoption and usefulness were explained by farm size, educational attainment and farm income. Also farmers' use of professional services, such as that provided by tax preparers and extension agents were positively influenced by farm size, age and educational level.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Computer adoption; Farm information system; Information services; Farm management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15268

Applying a Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI) Approach to the Australian Red Meat Industry with Implications for Improving Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Australian Agrifood Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitt,   Christine; Nelle,   Susan.
This paper describes an action research study conducted over four years (2002-2006) in the Australian red meat industry. The study aimed to extend the body of knowledge on innovation and entrepreneurship. It also sought to explore options for improving practice through interventions that would accelerate the development of innovation culture and capabilities. A conceptual framework was developed leading to a new Systems Innovation Intervention Framework. The framework was subsequently implemented via 30 individual pilots. The outcomes of the research study were tested for relevance more broadly within the Australian food industry and high levels of acceptance were reported.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Sectoral innovation systems; Innovation system failures; Intervention strategies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53734

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Sustainability in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chern,   Wen S.
Surveys on consumer acceptance of GM foods revealed differences in knowledge, risk perception and acceptance of GM foods in Japan, Norway, Spain, Taiwan and the United States. There were opponents and proponents of GM foods. However, even in the United States, one of the most supportive countries, consumers were willing to pay substantial premiums to avoid GM alternatives. While genetic engineering holds great potential to enhance yield and productivity for many crops, especially those widely cultivated in the developing world, there have been little, if any tangible benefits to the consumer from the first wave of GM crops. Partially due to this lack of consumer benefits, there has been consumer resistance to GM foods in many parts of the world. It would...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25463

Do Large Firms with More Technologies Pay More?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Li; Ji,   Yongjie.
Investigation of size wage premium in earning’s literature neglects the important role played by technology adoption. This study models the size selection corrected earning’s function by introducing an extra dimension of selection of technology complexity, using a sample from workers in US hog farms. The estimated wage gap between large and small farms is reduced once correction in selection is controlled. Workers compensate monetary income for better work environment, better health and more job security, in which large farms and technologically advanced farms have advantages.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Size; Technology adoption; Wage; Double selection; Agriculture; Health; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61493

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF ALTERNATIVE FUNDING MECHANISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
The United States has developed a very successful R&amp;D system for agriculture.  It is a system with shared cost/financing and performance by the federal and state governments and by the private sector.  The paper presents an economic analysis of alternative organization, management, incentive, and funding mechanisms for agricultural research under budget constraints, including some emphasis on the kinds of benefits that are generated and the groups that receive them.  We conclude that the private sector should be permitted to carry out research that it finds profitable to undertake with minimal competition from the public sector.  The public research institutions should focus on general and pretechnology science programs that complement private R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research; R&amp;D; Funding; Innovations; Science; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18259

PREDICTING THE DIFFUSION OF HYBRIDS AND VARIETIES IN TEXAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gambrell,   Stefphanie M.; Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.
This paper examines the diffusion of specific rice varieties, as opposed to variety classes in the previous literature.  Using simulation techniques to incorporate risk into the diffusion path, new variety product life cycle diffusion is projected with implications for breeders, researchers, and private companies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20299

Trends and Spatial Distribution of Public Agricultural Spending in Zambia: Implication for Agricultural Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Malawo,   Emma; Lungu,   Tadeyo; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Chinyama,   Kasweka; Chilonda,   Pius.
This paper assesses the level and composition of the Zambia’s public expenditures in the agricultural sector from 2000 to 2008. By measuring the size of public agricultural expenditures, the study will answer whether the Government of Zambia met CAADP’s target of allocating 10% of national budget to agriculture in 2008. Furthermore, examining what the fund is being spent on will shed light on the extent to which spending contributes to agricultural growth. This review will also characterize the spatial patterns of expenditures across provincial boundaries. The results of this work will hopefully lay a foundation for future analysis of  the impacts of public agricultural spending on sector performance.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; Public finance; Growth; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54497

Household Resource Endowment and Determinants of Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties: A Double-hurdle Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Legese,   Getachew; Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Mwangi,   Wilfred; Jaleta,   Moti; La Rovere,   Roberto.
Existing literature suggests the influence of household wealth on farmer's technology adoption decisions. In 2007, this study was conducted to provide a clearer understanding of how differences in household wealth affect the way in which other variables influence adoption decisions. Using data from 369 households in Adama and Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha districts of Ethiopia, the paper first stratified households into poorly and well-endowed categories based on wealth indices constructed using their productive assets by the principal components method. A double hurdle model was then specified and estimated for each wealth group to assess factors influencing the adoption and use intensity of improved varieties. The results suggest that factors influencing the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wealth index; Double-hurdle model; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51785

NORTH DAKOTA SHOPPER PERCEPTIONS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS AND FOOD:  RESULTS OF A WINTER 2003 SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.; Lesch,   William C.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/23/04.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetic Modification; Consumer Preferences; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23601

AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF VEGETABLE AND FISHPOND TECHNOLOGIES ON POVERTY IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   Kelly K.; Lewis,   David J.; Begum,   Suraiya.
This study examines the poverty reduction implications of the introduction of three different agricultural technologies by government and NGOs in three rural sites across Bangladesh. The first is new vegetable seeds developed by AVRDC introduced in Saturia to women owning small amounts of land by a local NGO, based on a training and credit dissemination approach. The second is polyculture fish technology developed by WorldFish Center and introduced by a government extension program based on private fishponds operated mostly by men in Mymensingh. The third is the same polyculture fish technology, but introduced through a local NGO in Jessore based on the arrangement of leased fishponds operated by groups of low income women, supported by training and credit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16073

The market acceptance and welfare impacts of genetic use restriction technologies (GURTS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khachaturyan,   Marianna; Yiannaka,   Amalia.
The paper develops a theoretical framework of heterogeneous consumers and producers to examine the market and welfare effects of the introduction of variety-level genetic use restriction technologies (V-GURTs) under the current No-Labeling regime of GMPs in the US market. Specifically, the study examines how the agronomic characteristics of GURTs, consumer perceptions and preferences regarding interventions in the production process (i.e., genetic modification) and producer cost structures (e.g., dependency on saving seed) affect the adoption of the technology by producers, the market acceptance of GURTs by consumers and consequently the innovator's incentive to introduce the new technology. Analytical results show that the introduction of GURTs may be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetic use restriction technologies; Genetic modification; Producer and consumer welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10097

The Value of Regional Annual Nitrogen Needs Information for Wheat Producers in Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   David C.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Raun,   William R.; Solie,   John B.
Crop producers are increasingly interested in reducing nitrogen use without sacrificing yield. Technology is available for precise application at the sub-field level, but adoption has been sluggish. This paper estimates the relative profitability of a field level annual predictor of mid-season N requirements and a regional predictor of the same.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen seeds; Nitrogen use efficiency; Precision agriculture; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6734

THE USE OF GENETICS PRINCIPLES IN RESEARCH EVALUATION: AN EXAMPLE WITH SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Sundquist,   W. Burt.
This paper explores the potential use of quantitative genetics principles in evaluating economic returns to plant breeding research. Basic factors affecting genetic progress are described along with possibilities for quantifying them in relation to research expenditures. An example with soybeans illustrates how this information can be incorporated into ex ante research evaluation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14187

General problems related to innovation and its potential in the Hungarian agro-food sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Husti,   Istvan.
This paper stresses that innovation in Hungary leaves something to be desired, and a perpetual lack of innovation also applies to the agro-food sector which, of course, consequently weakens the nation’s general competitiveness. The 2007-2013 period and the subsequent resources provided by the EU present new challenges. It is not overstating the case to say that if Hungary is not able to capitalize on this period, then it will face competitive disadvantages capable of placing Hungarian agriculture in a critical situation. To avoid this, the conditions for innovation and innovation performance must be improved. The system of innovation in the Hungarian agro-food sector does not lend itself to the application of the model constructed on R+D. Therefore, it...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agro-food sector’s innovation; Agricultural innovation; Innovation models; Adaptive innovation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49189

Crop Yield Growth and Its Implication for the International Effects of US Bioenergy and Climate Policies (Draft)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Siyi J.; McCarl,   Bruce A.; Havlik,   Petr.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103518

Opportunities for African Small Farmers in Ethical Foods Markets: An Entrepreneurial Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent.
Income growth in many countries is fuelling expansion of the ethical consumer segment and creating an unprecedented opportunity for small African farmers. The challenge is how to organize these farmers to seize the opportunities being offered by the emerging market. We argue in this paper that the development of entrepreneurial perspectives on small farmers’ realities could help alleviate the current economic challenges confronting them. We suggest increased engagement between researchers and academics with producers in entrepreneurial ventures to seize these opportunities. This is new model of economic development focuses on microeconomic solutions through entrepreneurial initiatives. We believe the agricultural economics profession’s ability to engage...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethical Foods; Farmers; African; Markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52215

A Dynamic Decision Model of Technology Adoption under Uncertainty: Case of Herbicide-Resistant Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Annou,   Mamane Malam; Wailes,   Eric J.; Thomsen,   Michael R.
Herbicide-resistant (HR) rice technology is a potential tool for control of red rice in commercial rice production.  Using an ex ante mathematical programming framework, this research presents an empirical analysis of HR rice technology adoption under uncertainty.  The analysis accounts for stochastic germination of red rice and sheath blight to model a profit maximization problem of crop rotation among HR rice, regular rice, and soybeans.  The results demonstrate that risk attitudes and technology efficiency determine adoption rates and optimal rotation patterns.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Herbicide resistance; Mathematical programming; Profit maximization; Rice; Risk; Rotation; Technology; Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; O33; C61.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43724

TECHNOLOGY VALUATION DISTRIBUTIONS WITH HETEROGENEOUS ADOPTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This paper examines technology benefit allocation between an innovating firm and heterogeneous technology adopters.  Using a triangular distribution of adopter innovation value, we find that as the upper bound increases, optimal innovation price increases, but at a slower rate.  Similarly, as the lower bound decreases, price decreases and producer benefits increase. Finally, greater producer heterogeneity leads to greater producer benefits from innovation in non-competitive markets.   An empirical application of the model is considered, bovine somatotropin adoption on dairy farms.  The model generates an intuitive explanation of the common finding that average adopters are making zero or negative profits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19777

TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TOWARD 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Rajaram,   Sanjaya.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16206

THE PACKING SIMULATION MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Falk,   Constance L.; Tilley,   Daniel S.; Schatzer,   Raymond Joe.
The Packing Simulation Model is a microcomputer application program designed for researchers, extension personnel, bankers, packing managers, or other specialists who plan the operations of a packing facility or simulate its financial performance.  PACKSIM produces pro forma financial statements for packing facilities based on flexible crop mixes and packing assumptions.  Variations can be made in the product harvest schedule, price, quality, quantity, input costs and requirements, packing efficiency, overhead, and loan terms.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30202

PUBLIC SECTOR INTERVENTION IN THE TECHNOLOGY-INTENSIVE ECONOMIC SECTOR: A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING EFFECTS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelberg,   Charles R.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework in which to assess present strategies redirecting regional development activities toward experimentation, risk-taking, and entrepreneurship.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14200

IDENTITY CRISIS: LAND GRANT RESEARCH IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY ERA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Raper,   Kellie Curry.
"It is further the policy of the Congress to promote the efficient production, marketing, distribution, and utilization of products of the farm as essential to the health and welfare of our peoples and to promote a sound and prosperous agriculture and rural life...It shall be the object and duty of the State agricultural experiment stations...to conduct original and other researches, investigations, and experiments...including researches basic to the problems of agriculture in its broadest aspects, and such investigations as have for their purpose and development and improvement of the rural home and rural life and the maximum contribution by agriculture to the welfare of the consumer..." (The Hatch Act)  Land Grant Colleges and Universities (LGCUs) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11737

ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OVER TIME OF WEST JAVANESE RICE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trewin,   Ray; Weiguo,   Lu; Erwidodo; Bahri,   Sjaiful.
The high costs and effectiveness of Indonesia's current mix of policies aimed at maintaining rice self-sufficiency, for example fertiliser and other subsidies, has been questioned. Consequently, attention has turned to developing policies to increase farmers yields through efficiencies, for example as a result of better extension. The main issue investigated in this article is whether existing yields can be significantly improved through increasing the efficiency of individual farmers. Production frontiers are estimated and technical efficiencies/inefficiencies predicted from panel data and for one year at a time. Different results are explained in relation to a number of aspects, especially the rate of adoption of new technologies, and policy actions are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22400

NORTH-NORTH-SOUTH AG-BIOTECH POLICY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Hightower,   Amie L.
This paper examines the impact of European Union policy on genetically modified organisms on trade flows and economic growth.  Restrictive European Union policies on biotech production and consumption result in: an effective export subsidy of capital to the South; new trade flows; North America being the dominant producer of biotech research and development; the South being a dominant producer of biotech products; and the European Union being the dominant producer of traditional agricultural products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11681

RESEARCH PRIZES: A MECHANISM TO REWARD INNOVATION IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William J.
This paper identifies market failures that limit agricultural R&amp;D for Africa and other resource-poor environments, and proposes a mechanism to help circumvent them with cash prizes for the dissemination of successful innovations.  The proposed prize institution would use ex-post experiments and farm surveys to document the value of innovations after their initial diffusion, to avoid pre-specification of technologies.  Prizes would be offered in proportion to estimated social benefits, and would buy innovations into the public domain so that innovators with marketable technologies would choose not to apply for prizes.  A governance structure to ensure credibility and financial sustainability is proposed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22162

Private Innovation and Public Innovation: Who Leads and Who Follows?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arfini,   Filippo; Cernicchiaro,   Sabrina; Mancini,   Maria Cecilia.
This paper examines two models of interaction between private and public institutions in respect to the process of innovation. While private firms adopt proactive strategies and public institutions follow it is considered that, under certain conditions, public institutions are the innovator and private firms are the followers. The first part of the research is theoretical and formulates the two models and their implications. The second part presents a case study of Italian products which have Animal Welfare (AW) attributes, where production follows the second relationship model. The case study shows that AW friendly products are the result of EU legislation, which obliges the industry to adapt production, organisation, publicity, communication and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6587

Computer Technology Adoption By Canadian Farm Businesses: An Analysis Based on the 2001 Census of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sabuhoro,   Jean Bosco; Wunsch,   Patti.
Computer technologies have evolved very rapidly and, compared to other businesses, farm operations have been slow to adopt computer applications. This paper investigates the key characteristics of the farm operators and farm businesses that influence computer use. To that end, data from Statistics Canada's Census of Agriculture are used. The results of the logistic regression point out a trend in the adoption patterns of computer technology use. Farm operations where a computer is used in their management tend to be larger farms, have younger operators who are female, their operators work off the farm, are part-tenant/part owner operators and produce certified organic products. The impact of language spoken on the probability of adopting a computer and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computer technology; Probability of adoption; Canadian farm businesses; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28039

How Change Agents and Social Capital Influence the Adoption of Innovations among Small Farmers: Evidence from Social Networks in Rural Bolivia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monge,   Mario; Hartwich,   Frank; Halgin,   Daniel.
This paper presents results from a study that identified patterns of social interaction among small farmers in three agricultural subsectors in Bolivia—fish culture, peanut production, and quinoa production—and analyzed how social interaction influences farmers’ behavior toward the adoption of pro-poor innovations. Twelve microregions were identified, four in each subsector, setting the terrain for an analysis of parts of social networks that deal with the diffusion of specific sets of innovations. Three hundred sixty farmers involved in theses networks as well as 60 change agents and other actors promoting directly or indirectly the diffusion of innovations were interviewed about the interactions they maintain with other agents in the network and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social networks; Agricultural innovation; Change agent; Social capital; Bolivia; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42330

THE EVOLUTION OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION COOPERATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abell,   Peter B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27337

ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS WITH PRICE EFFECTS, AND APPLICATION TO INNOVATION AND TECHNICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Crawford,   Eric W.
Replaced with revised version of paper 04/21/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11766

Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1988-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lantican,   Maximina A.; Dubin,   H. Jesse; Morris,   Michael L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7654

BETTER DEAD THAN GM-FED?  INFORMATION AND THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS' RESISTANCE TO GM-FOODS IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
This paper addressed the puzzling resistance of Presidents of southern African countries to food aid in 2002, given near certain starvation and long-term negative health effects of malnutrition of their constituents.  First, I show that NGOs led by Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth are disseminating information claiming that GM foods are dangerous to human health and are "Frankenfoods."  Second, people in European Union countries, who are not in any danger of starvation, have strong preferences for non-GM foods, which they can easily afford.  Over the long term, however, the tastes of EU consumers matter to southern African countries because some of these countries hope to export agricultural products in the future.  GM-food aid, which most likely would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18208

AN INITIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR HERMETIC PURDUE IMPROVED CROP STORAGE (PICS) BAGS TO IMPROVE INCOMES FOR MAIZE PRODUCERS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Michael; Alexander,   Corinne E.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
Pests like the larger grain borer (P. truncatus) and the maize weevil (S. zeamis) cause significant storage losses for African maize producers.  The value of storage protection to a market-oriented farmer is a function of price seasonality, value loss prevention, and their opportunity costs of capital.  Evidence suggests that hermetic technologies like Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags can be effective against these key maize storage pests, but sustainable technology transfer requires that it be profitable for producers. This analysis references dry weight loss figures from key life science articles and builds on previous value loss research to provide a geographic model for potential storage technology adoption.  PICS bag profitability with one and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural pests; Technology adoption; Maize; Larger grain borer; Hermetic storage; Storage economics; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q13; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115554

A Survey of Literature on Genetically Modified Crops: Economics, Ethics and Society
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   R. McKay; Veeman,   Michele M.
This paper reports on a review of literature in the form of academic papers and published research on ethical and consumer issues for GM crops in North America, with particular emphasis on GM wheat. The issues raised in these papers and the findings and arguments posed by the authors are outlined. A general conclusion that can be drawn from this overview is that public attitudes toward GM foods are diverse and sometimes quite strongly held. The strong negative views of GM food held by some appear to be mainly grounded in individuals’ ethical or moral values. Ethical and risk assessment issues have not been fully explored in the existing literature. There is a general consensus in the applied economics literature that GM crops result in economic benefits,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I00; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7380

Technology Adoption in Poorly Specified Environments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Useche,   Pilar.
This article extends the characteristics-based choice framework of technology adoption to account for decisions taken by boundedly-rational individuals in environments where traits are not fully observed. It is applied to an agricultural setting and introduces the concept of ambiguity in the agricultural technology adoption literature by relaxing strict informational and cognition related assumptions that are implied by traditional Bayesian analysis. The main results confirm that ambiguity increases as local conditions become less homogeneous and as computational ability, own experience and nearby adoption rates decrease. Measurement biases associated with full rationality assumptions are found to increase when decision makers have low computational...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9887

Az agrárkutatás-fejlesztés GDP-re gyakorolt hatása az EU országaiban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szucs,   Istvan; Mohamed,   Zsuzsanna; Takacs,   Szabolcs.
A függvényszámításaink alapján a következő összegző jellegű megállapításokat tesszük: • A C-D típusú függvények jól alkalmazhatók az általunk vizsgált termelési tényezők hatásának megközelítő mérésére. • 2000-ben a mezőgazdasági eszközállomány, 2007-ben pedig a mezőgazdasági munkaerő játszott nagyobb szerepet az agrár GDP előállításában. Ebben főleg annak hatása érződik, hogy közben jelentősen javult az élőmunka technikai fejlettsége, a munkaerőben nagyobb tudásanyag halmozódott fel, a termelési tényezők között felértéke¬lődött a szerepe. • Az agrár K+F szerepe a GDP képződésében 2000-ben 11%, 2007-ben 14% körüli, tehát a fejlesztési törekvések lényegesek az agrárgazdaság fejlődése szempontjából. A módosított termelési függvények segítségével kimutattuk...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Kutatás + fejlesztés; Agrárgazdaság; GDP; Hatások; Research and development; Agro-economy; GDP; Impacts; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99114

BIOTECH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FROM A GENE REVOLUTION TO A DOUBLY GREEN REVOLUTION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric; Demont,   Matty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31849

Curriculum Enhancement and Reform to Meet the Needs of Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries: Survey of Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maredia,   Mywish K.
The agricultural education system plays an important role in developing knowledge resources and preparing well-trained individuals and the next generation of labor force that becomes part of the public sector (government), the private sector (entrepreneurs, farm producers, agri-business entities) and the NGOs. An education system that is innovative and responsive to the complex and rapidly changing work environment is critical to ensure the effectiveness of all the institutions that contribute to agricultural development agenda. To make the education system responsive requires developing and implementing curriculum and teaching programs that are relevant to the production needs and employment demands of the agricultural sector. This paper reviews the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tertiary education; Curriculum reform; Training; Capacity building; Agricultural development; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; O15:Human Resources-Human Development-Income Distribution-Migration; M53:Training; I23: Higher Education and Research Institutions; Q16:R&amp;D-Agricultural Technology-Biofuels-Agricultural Extension Services.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105395

Zukunft der agrar- und ernährungsökonomischen Forschung und Lehre
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan; Heckelei,   Thomas; Wehrheim,   Peter; Weiss,   Christoph R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98245

The Impact of Millet, Sorghum, and Cowpea Research and Technology Transfer in Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzucato,   Valentina; Ly,   Samba.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 9.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11427

Modifications in Intellectual Property Rights Law and Effects on Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121365

The Effects of Public R&amp;D on U.S. Agriculture: A State-Level Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21226

KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Murithi,   Festus M.; Mwangi,   Peterson.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Kenya’s agricultural research since the early 1970s, including a new set of survey data for the 1990s collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001– 02).1
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16199

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  Overview, by Per Pinstrup-Andersen; Farmer-based agroecological technology, by Jules Pretty; Conventional research-based technology, by Prabhu L. Pingali; Modern biotechnology, by Calestous Juma; Modern technology for African agriculture, by Jennifer Thomson; Information and communications technologies, by Nuimuddin Chowdhury; GIS, GPS, and remote sensing, by Uwe Deichmann and Stanley Wood; Alternative energy sources, by R.K. Pachauri and Pooja Mehrota; Food irradiation, by Morton Satin
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16030

Innovation Systems: Implications for agricultural policy and practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Andrew; Mytelka,   Lynn; Oyeyinka,   Banji.
Farmers and businesses need to adapt constantly if they are to survive and compete in the rapidly evolving environment associated with the contemporary agricultural sector. Rethinking agricultural research as part of a dynamic system of innovation could help to design ways of creating and sustaining conditions that will support the process of adaptation and innovation. This approach involves developing the working styles and practices of individuals and organizations and the incentives, support structures and policy environments that encourage innovation. Previous efforts to support agricultural sector innovation largely targeted agricultural policy and research organizations. The systems approach recognizes that innovation takes place through the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Systems; Agricultural Research; Adaptation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52512

A Comparison of Response Surface and Factorial Designs in Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Robert J.; Baker,   J.R.
The use of response surface designs in preference to factorial designs in agriculture has become widely discussed and recommended. This paper simulates data for comparable response surface and factorial designs and uses this to demonstrate the similarities between the designs and their analyses and at the same time to point out some of the customary differences in their analyses. More particularly, it aims to show: (a) that for any design a reduction in the number of plots sown reduces the reliability of the results, and (b) that both a response surface design and a factorial design allow the calculation of estimated equations of response surfaces.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1968
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9206

MADAGASCAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Randriamanamisa,   Rivonjaka.
Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche publique agricole à Madagascar et les tendances institutionnelles apparues dans ce domaine depuis le début des années 90 en se basant sur une nouvelle série d’enquêtes rassemblées dans le cadre du projet sur les indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles ou ASTI (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16201

SIMULATING BST INTRODUCTION IN CALIFORNIA FOR DAIRY POLICY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zepeda,   Lydia; Butler,   Leslie J.; Carter,   Harold O.
An econometric model is estimated to simulate the impact of introducing bovine somatotropin (BST) on the California dairy industry. Forecasts of 1991-94 milk production and prices without BST are compared to those with BST under the 1990 Farm Bill. The effects are evaluated under a range in assumptions, given the uncertainty about BST's commercial benefits and costs. Results indicate the aggregate returns of BST introduction for California are positive, but small, assuming no adverse consumer reaction.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32595

Evaluating Social Science Research in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50028

INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF GAINS FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION'S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Tongeren,   Frank W.; van Meijl,   Hans.
This paper analyses the impact of adopting or rejecting genetically modified GM crops in the EU, taking into account the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). In this paper the productivity impact of GMs differs across crops, as it takes factor biased technology change into account. The transfer of knowledge across countries is modelled as a process of endogenous knowledge spillovers. Analyses with a multi-region applied general equilibrium model shows that the CAP protects farm income and production from not adopting GM crops in the EU but has costs in terms of welfare. The EU will forgo substantial benefits if it banned GM imports.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25835

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EU: THE EUWAB PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Since 1995, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been introduced commercially into US agriculture.  These innovations are developed and commercialised by a handful of vertically coordinated “"life science”" firms who have fundamentally altered the structure of the seed industry.  Enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for biological innovations has been the major incentive for a concentration tendency in the upstream sector.  On the one hand, this monopolisation may increase long-run social welfare through an increased rate of investment in R&amp;D.  On the other hand, due to their monopoly power, these firms are capable of charging a “"monopoly rent”", extracting a part of the total social welfare.  A popular argument used by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31857

Agricultural cooperatives and quality-enhancing R&amp;D in the agri-food system
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drivas,   Kyriakos; Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This paper develops a game - theoretic model of heterogeneous consumers to analyze the effect of cooperative involvement on quality- enhancing product innovation activity, the pricing of food products, and the welfare of the groups involved in the context of a mixed duopoly where an openmembership consumer co- op competes with an IOF. Analytical results show that the involvement of the member welfare- maximizing co- op in R&amp;D can be quality and welfare enhancing by increasing the arrival rate of product innovations and reducing the prices of food products. The effectiveness of the co- op is shown to depend on the nature of product differentiation and the relative quality of its products, the degree of consumer heterogeneity, and the size of innovation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Open Membership Cooperatives; Product Innovation; Mixed Oligopoly; Retained Earnings.; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10075

Implications of the New Growth Theory to Trade, Trade Research, and Trade Policy: Discussion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50867

THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISED CREDIT PROGRAMS ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN DEVELOPING AGRICULTURE: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesueur,   J.F.
In a paper in the April 1977 issue of this Journal by Scobie and Franklin (1977) it is argued that supervised credit programs are of dubious value in promoting technological change in developing agriculture. However, the case presented by the authors is not conclusive and may be open to alternative interpretations because:     (a) the general economic framework used by them is inappropriate for use in smallholder developing agriculture;  (b) the results of the Guatemalan test case are inconclusive; and  ( c) these results can be plausibly explained in other ways in any case.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22722

AMERICAN POLICY AND THE EVOLVING BROADBAND INTERNET NETWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Internet Policy; Rural Economy; Distance Education; Telemedicine; Telecommunication History; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R5; N7; O2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100799

AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drabenstott,   Mark.
Industrialization is rapidly becoming a topic of great attention.  Driven by fundamental economic forces, industrialization seems likely to advance ore quickly in the coming decade to more industry segments.  By changing the way agriculture does business, industrialization will also bring change to public policy and agricultural institutions.  Commodity policy will increasingly be out of step with a product-oriented industry.  And as industrialization blurs the lines between producers and processors, land grant universities and the extension service will face challenges assessing who their customers are.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industrialization; Agricultural markets; Commodity policy; Land grant universities; Extension service; Rural development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15325

No Shortcuts to Progress: An Assessment of Agricultural Research Planning and Priority Setting in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maredia,   Mywish K.; Howard,   Julie A.; Boughton,   Duncan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 7.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11440

Front Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover; Title Page; Preface; Dedication; Contents Pages
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49761

The Potential Returns to Oilseeds Research in Uganda: The Case of Groundnuts and Sesame
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laker-Ojok,   Rita.
The study which follows is an ex-ante analysis of expected returns to investment in agricultural research on groundnuts and sesame in Uganda. Studies have shown that it generally takes a minimum of six to ten years for new technologies to begin to have an impact on agricultural production practices. In the case of Uganda, Michigan State University was asked to measure the impact of a program which only began the process of rehabilitating the collapsed national agricultural research system in 1985 and began support for commodity research on groundnuts and sesame as recently as 1989 and 1991. As a result, the assessment which follows relies upon the projection of expected future benefits. While every effort has been taken to make reasonable projections based...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Oilseeds; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 13; R11.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54708

Returns to Oilseed and Maize Research in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laker-Ojok,   Rita.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 6.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11399

SHOULD THE PUBLIC SECTOR CONDUCT GENOMICS R&amp;D?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naseem,   Anwar; Oehmke,   James F.
The nature of the observed market structure and R&amp;D competition in genomics research is used as the basis for a comparative analysis of research under a mixed oligopoly, pure oligopoly and monopoly when the timing of the innovation outcome is uncertain (as in an R&amp;D race), the winner-take-all assumption is relaxed and the profits in later stages are a function of the R&amp;D expenditures of prior stages. The sufficient conditions under which a mixed oligopoly performs more R&amp;D than the pure oligopoly and monopoly markets are derived and are shown to be a function of a) that public firm’'s objective is strictly greater than in the winning state then in the losing state, b) profits for the winning and losing private firms in the private duopoly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19842

Are Tomato-Spotted Wilt Virus Management Tactics Good Enough?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awondo,   Sebastain Nde; Fonsah,   Esendugue Greg; Riley,   David G.
Management of tomato-spotted wilt virus is complex and requires more than one treatment for near optimum results. We investigated tomato and pepper growers’ perception on the effectiveness of tactics using Bayesian Logistic regression. The perceived chance that each tactics will control the disease was about a coin toss.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tomato-spotted wilt virus; Pest and disease management; Bayesian logistic regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119790

Uma análise da inovação na agroindústria no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conceicao,   Junia Cristina Peres Rodrigues Da; Almeida,   Mansueto F. de.
This paper seeks to identify the major factors behind the innovation process of firms in the food and beverage sector. On the microeconomic incentives to innovate, our results show that larger firms, higher schooling and higher R&amp;D expenditures increase the probability that firms will innovate. In addition, our results show that innovation is essential for food and beverage firms to meet the domestic demand, including the upper segment of the consumer market and also the bottom one. At last, our results indicate that the domestic consumer was a key factor behind food and beverage firms’ incentives to innovate in the 1998-2000 period.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agro industry; Innovation; Brazil; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55312

Consumer Perception of the Use of High-Pressure Processing and Pulsed Electric Field Technologies in Food Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sonne,   Anne-Mette; Grunert,   Klaus G.; Olsen,   Nina Veflen; Granli,   Britt-Signe; Banati,   Diana; Pollak-Toth,   Annamaria; Szabo,   Erzsebet.
New food processing technologies are developed on a continuous basis. While food scientists may applaud the progress of science, consumers have been known to take a more conservative approach and do not always readily see the benefits of new processing methods. As learned from earlier examples (such as GM and irradiation), the advantages that a new processing technology has to offer do not necessarily guarantee the success of a product in the market place. If consumers do not perceive the benefits of a new technology as relevant, its application is threatened. For example, studies of consumer attitudes towards GM foods have found that consumer acceptance depends on whether consumers perceive specific benefits associated with the product (Frewer et al....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59111

Biotechnology and Economic Development:  The Economic Benefits of Maize Streak Virus Tolerant Maize in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andreu,   Monica Lopez; Peterson,   Hikaru Hanawa; Grunewald,   Orlen C.; Norman,   David W.
For countries that could not benefit from the Green Revolution due to heterogeneous and unfavorable biophysical environments, agricultural biotechnology potentially provides a means of improving the quality and quantity of agricultural production.  This paper analyses some of the major issues relating to the utilization of biotechnology in Kenya.  A partial equilibrium trade model is applied to Kenya's corn market to study the potential of genetically modified maize that is tolerant to the Maize Streak Virus. The model accounts for home production and consumption; the positive results of the welfare estimation are disaggregated between consumers, large and small Kenyan corn farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35271

The Xycoon Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borghers,   E.; Wessa,   P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Web Traffic; Search Rank; Impact Factor; Citations; Statistics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24167

What Now and What Next for Global Biofuel Technologies?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Stephen.
This paper provides an overview of first- and second- generation biofuels. First-generation biofuels are ethanol-derived from food crops such as grains and sugar cane, and biodiesel, which use feedstocks of vegetable oils and animal fats. The technologies for manufacturing first-generation biofuels are generally mature and are commercially available. It is also noted that biogas is gaining favour in countries such as Sweden, where it currently accounts for about half the vehicle gas use. The focus of the paper then shifts to consider alternative processing paths under development, using non-food crops and agricultural and forestry residues. The two major pathways are: Biochemical — conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to sugars and their fermentation...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124489

Analisis del sistema Mexicano de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; Espinosa Garcia,   Jose Antonio; Espinoza Arellano,   Jose de Jesus; Moctezuma Lopez,   Georgel; Naranjo,   Alfredo Tapia.
En la década del 90, el sector agropecuario mexicano generó alrededor del 5% del PBI y el 2.5% de las exportaciones. A pesar de su reducida contribución al PBI, el sector agropecuario tiene una gran importancia económica y social como generador de empleos (un 25% del empleo total), por su influencia sobre el costo de vida, la prevalencia de la pobreza rural (más del 75% de la población pobre y más del 50% de los que viven en pobreza extrema habitan en zonas rurales) y porque las exportaciones agropecuarias constituyen una fuente de ingreso importante para varias regiones, especialmente las zonas irrigadas del norte y centro del país. Desde la década del 70, algunos productores agropecuarios mexicanos, especialmente los que se integraron a cadenas...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7684

ARE AMERICAN FARMERS BETTER OFF AS A RESULT OF TECHNOLOGY GAINS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Debertin,   David L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15019

Utilization-focused evaluation for agricultural innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patton,   Michael Quinn; Horton,   Douglas.
Utilization-focused evaluation (UFE) is based on the principle that an evaluation should be judged by its utility. So no matter how technically sound and methodologically elegant, an evaluation is not truly a good evaluation unless the findings are used. UFE is a framework for enhancing the likelihood that evaluation findings will be used and lessons will be learnt from the evaluation process. This Brief, based on the book Utilization-focused evaluation, introduces this approach to evaluation, outlines key steps in the evaluation process, identifies some of the main benefits of UFE, and provides two examples of UFE in the context of programmes aimed at promoting agricultural innovation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Utilization; UFE; Innovation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52533

Agricultural R&amp;D in the Phillippines: policy, investments, and institutional profile
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Faylon,   Patricio S.; Buendia,   Leah J.
This report presents an overview of the Philippine national agricultural R&amp;D system in the context of the country’s wider national science and technology (S&amp;T) policy. The discussion includes institutional developments and recent trends in human and financial resources based on data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative. With a total of close to 4,000 full-time equivalent researchers in 2002, the Philippines has one of the largest agricultural research systems in Asia. But in terms of total agricultural research spending, the Philippines ranks behind more economically advanced Asian countries such as Malaysia and South Korea. Nonetheless, agricultural R&amp;D spending in the Philippines has shown...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47824

Technology Adoption and Product Differentiation: Market-Level Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: An,   Henry.
The focus of the microeconomic technology adoption literature has been on the adoption and diffusion of new innovations: who adopts, and when they adopt. Implicit in the literature is that consumers will embrace the product that results from the use of the new technology. If producers have reason to believe that adopting a new technology may lead consumers to perceive differentiated products, then the decision of whether or not to adopt needs to consider not only the effectiveness of the new technology but also the consumer response to it. That is, producers have to incorporate the impact of consumer-driven market-level effects into their technology choice decisions. In these situations, producers considering the adoption of a new agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49590

Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security: A Must For Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dittoh,   Saa; Abizari,   Abdul-Razak; Akuriba,   Margaret A.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) underscore an overriding importance of human development for sustained economic, social, political and other development, and nutrition is the beginning of human development. Nutrition has, however, not been viewed as a development imperative in many African countries. Agricultural and health policies, projects and programmes and the conduct of agricultural and health research in most African countries do not consider nutrition to any significant degree.  The paper argues that food production, poverty, malnutrition and health are very intricately linked and the result of that linkage is probably the most important determinant of development and, thus, the realization of the MDGs in Africa.  It also argues that it is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52217

ECONOMICS OF TRANSGENIC SUGARBEET PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burgener,   Paul A.; Feuz,   Dillon M.; Wilson,   Robert G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36433

Private Agricultural R&amp;D in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of private agricultural R&amp;D investment in the United States and the liaison between public and private R&amp;D sectors. The empirical analysis employs U.S. agricultural data for the 1970-1996 period. The results show that federal R&amp;D obligations for basic research, used as a proxy for the complementary role of public R&amp;D, have a significant and positive impact on private agricultural R&amp;D spending. In contrast, federal R&amp;D obligations for applied research, used as a proxy for the substitute role of public R&amp;D, are not found to have a significant impact.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Applied public agricultural R&amp;D; Basic public agricultural R&amp;D; Private agricultural R&amp;D; Quality innovation model; Technical change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8620

The Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program: An experiment in mainstreaming institutional learning and change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acosta,   Anne Starks; Jones,   Monty; von Kaufmann,   Ralph.
The Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP) shows how the principles of institutional learning and change (ILAC) can be applied. This Brief outlines the basic components of the SSA CP and highlights various ILAC features of the Program. These include an innovation systems orientation; an approach to ‘thinking globally and acting locally’; the location of research within a broader context of policy, market and institutional change; and an emphasis on collaboration and learning among program participants and with other agencies involved in agricultural research and development in Africa.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: SSA; Innovation; Systems; Challenge program; CGIAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52518

KNOWLEDGE CAPITAL, INTANGIBLE ASSETS, AND LEVERAGE: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.; Moss,   Leeann E.; Nickels,   Lori A.
Firms in general, and high technology firms such as biotechnology firms in particular, are both a set of assets in place and growth opportunities. This has important implications for managerial decision-making. Knowledge capital motivates exploitation of growth options, which affects firm cash flow. In turn, the level and volatility of firm cash flow influences firm financing decisions. Previous studies suggest that knowledge capital can influence both the location and capital structure of firms in the biotechnology industry. However, the empirical analyses have not extended to agricultural biotechnology firms. The research reported here is motivated by a desire to understand the role of knowledge capital and other intangible assets in capital structure...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16623

Assessing Rural Women Food Producers Capacity to Adopt Modern ICTs – A case Study of the Mfantsiman District of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sampong,   D.D.; Egyir,   Irene Susana; Yaw,   Osei-Asare.
The traditional way of information dissemination has been through people; the modern way is through the electronic media – improved information and communication technologies (ICTs).  For effectiveness, modern ICTs should help women to improve on their income generating capacity.  Issues of level of resource capacity of women, information needed, and current sources of such information become important.  This study sought to investigate the issues above with respect to rural women food producers in the Mfantsiman District of Ghana.  Simple descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed in the data analysis of 91 randomly selected respondents.  The results of the study showed that: In general, the women food producers were aged, subsistence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Information and communication Technology; Ghana; Women; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52149

COMPUTERIZED MARKETING OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: VanSickle,   John J.; Adrian,   John L., Jr.; Epperson,   James E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26934

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PEST RESISTANCE: AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF REFUGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hellmich,   Richard L.
Transgenic crops offer farmers a new and effective pest control option.  However, the wide spread adoption of these crops could lead to a resistant pest population.  This paper demonstrates how a pest refuge can be used to maximise the value of farm income in a dynamic model with genetic foundations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21000

Machinery and labour biases of technical change in South African agriculture: A cost function approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Townsend,   Rob F.; van Zyl,   Johan; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper provides an empirical investigation into the long-standing notion of biases of technical change in South African agriculture. The second order cost function is used to derive relative bias measures between labour and machinery. The results suggest that large machinery-using biases in technology have been developed with minimal labour-using biases.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54448

Building Public–Private Partnerships for Agricultural Innovation in Latin America: Lessons From Capacity Strengthening
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Gottret,   Maria Veronica; Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Tola,   Jaime.
Public–private partnerships constitute a new mode of operation in many fields of development, including the development of innovation in developing-country agriculture. Capacities to identify opportunities, develop common interests, and negotiate commitments are prerequisites for successful public–private partnerships. Yet, many public–private partnerships fail due to lack of both skills among the partnering agents and efforts to strengthen these skills. The International Service for National Agricultural Research--on its own from 2002 until 2003, and as a division of the International Food Policy Research Institute thereafter--has studied 124 public–private partnerships in agriculture in nine Latin American countries through its initiative on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity strengthening; Public–private partnerships; Agricultural innovation; Latin America.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42415

Rates of Return to Public Agricultural Research in 48 U.S. States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
The present study provides a quantitative assessment of the benefits from public agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) for each continental state of the U.S. for 1949-1991, explicitly acknowledging for spillover effects. The novelty of this study resides in the use of spatial econometric techniques to account for stochastic spatial dependency generated by knowledge spillovers. The estimated national average own state internal rate of return (IRR) to investments in public agricultural R&amp;D is 15.69%; while the estimated national average social IRR is 27%. Failing to account for the indirect effects of knowledge spillovers results in estimates that are, on average, 11% and 13% higher.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9858

Characteristics of Canada's Diverse Farm Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niekamp,   Deborah.
Much of the research in the past on farm structure and economic well-being focused almost exclusively on farms based on their size, their contribution to total agricultural production, or national net farm income. These aggregate measures do not by themselves adequately explain how well the farm is functioning. Confidence in highly aggregated measures of financial performance in agriculture needs to be tempered with an understanding of the diversity that exists within the farm sector. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) developed a farm typology, to better explain why particular groups respond differently. The AAFC typology classifies farms into more homogeneous groups based on five factors: organizational structure (non-family farms)  age (retirement...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm structure; Economic well-being; Agricultural production; Farm income; Financial performance; Diversity farm typology; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54465

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Adoption of Genetically Modified Rice in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Craig A.; Carter,   Colin A.; Farzin,   Y. Hossein.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11927

VALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL PATENT RIGHTS FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Uncertainty of returns from marketing is an extremely important factor affecting the diffusion of a wide range of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Biotech companies face complicated choices in making decisions about whether to enter agricultural markets in different countries with their agricultural products. In this paper, we model these choices as a real option problem of entry decision solved at a micro-level by individual firms. The model is aggregated in order to reflect the heterogeneity of different genetic events, as well as different markets, in terms of their profitability. The solution to the model produces distributions of entry probabilities as functions of the functional forms (and parameter values) that govern the evolution of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Patent values; Agricultural biotechnology; Real options; Numerical simulation.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21982

Health Services and Disease Profile of Hyderabad City. A Pilot Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prasad,   Sheela; Ramachandraiah,   C.
The objective of this study was to primarily get an overview of the availability health services and disease patterns in Hyderabad.  Some broad picture has emerged as an outcome of this study but it needs to be again mentioned that this is only an incomplete picture as a lot of health data is not represented in this study due to non-availability. A major observation of this study is that data on health in Hyderabad is sketchy and no complete data bank on health is available.  Nonetheless, the major outcomes of the study indicate some important trends that need to be highlighted and considered for further research. 1. Distribution of health services in the city is not uniform.  Private health care is more used and spread over the city, outnumbering...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36943

Adopción de tecnología de distribución y control del agua en las Comunidades de Regantes de la Región de Murcia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alcon,   Francisco; De Miguel,   María Dolores; Burton,   Michael P.
RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo se estudia el proceso de adopción de tecnología de distribución y control de agua que las Comunidades de Regantes de la Región de Murcia han llevado a cabo desde el año 1975 hasta 2005. Se analiza el tiempo que transcurre desde que se constituye la Comunidad de Regantes hasta que toma la decisión de adoptar utilizando Análisis de Duración. Se identifican como aceleradores del proceso de adopción la posesión de un pozo de apoyo, el empleo de un sistema tarifario variable en función del consumo, los efectos de las políticas de subvenciones a las obras de modernización y mejora de los regadíos y las sequías.  SUMMARY: The present paper analyses the process of adopting water management and control technology in the irrigation...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Análisis de duración; Comunidad de regantes; Función de riesgo; Tecnología de riego; Irrigation community; Hazard function; Irrigation technology; Duration analysis; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q25; D71.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37190

Principal Issues in the Evaluation of Public Research in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; de Janvry,   Alain; Schmitz,   Andrew; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49077

Public sector agricultural research expenditures and output in Lesotho: Analysis of causality and cointegration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matete,   M.E.; Hassan,   Rashid M.
This article investigated the causal relationship between public agricultural research expenditures and agricultural output in Lesotho. Cointegration and Granger-causality tests were performed to determine the causal relationship between agricultural research and agricultural output. Lag length tests were performed to facilitate the Cointegration analysis. Results of the empirical analysis indicated that agriculture in Lesotho is driven by agricultural research. The results also showed that it takes seven to eight years for public agricultural research expenditures to have a significant impact on agricultural output in Lesotho.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54216

Behavior of subsistence producers in response to technological change- The elasticity of cassava production and home consumption in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Takeshima,   Hiroyuki.
The welfare effects of GM (genetic modification)-led productivity growth for cassava producers are partly affected by the characteristics of individual cassava producing households. Those household characteristics include the elasticity of production and home consumption of cassava. Some studies assume the inelastic home consumption when conducting ex-ante welfare effects analysis for subsistence crops. This study modifies the estimation methods used in the past literature to estimate both elasticities using the dataset from Benin. Several assumptions are also tested regarding the heterogeneity of cassava producers. On estimation of elasticities, the paper tests the hypothesis that on-farm sellers are characteristically different from off-farm sellers by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cassava; Subsistence; Double-hurdle; Non-nested test; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6108

FROM PAPER TO PLASTIC BY 2002: RETAILERS' PERSPECTIVE ON ELECTRONIC BENEFIT TRANSFER SYSTEMS FOR FOOD STAMPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quinones,   Ana R.; Kinsey,   Jean D.
The Food Stamp Program (FSP) is working under the deadline of October 1, 2002, to  coordinate a change from the current paper disbursement system of paper food stamps to an electronic transfer system of benefits, known as EBT.  The Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture has been studying the effectiveness of differing vehicles for benefit dispersal since the inception of the FSP in the 1960's.  The merits of a direct cash payment have been compared to those of the paper system by the USDA and an array of professional groups and research organizations.  The adoption of the electronic benefit transfer (EBT) system engenders a new set of questions about the effects of EBT on benefit recipients, retailers and the administering...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14338

AJAE Appendix: Challenges to the Development of a Dedicated Energy Crop
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epplin,   Francis M.; Clark,   Christopher D.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Hwang,   Seonghuyk.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 89, Number 5, December 2007.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7072

Engaging Scientists Through Institutional Histories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shambu Prasad,   C; Hall,   Andrew; Thummuru,   Laxmi.
An institutional history is a narrative that records key points about how institutional arrangements – new ways of working – evolve over time creating more effective ways to achieve goals. It can be used to document institutional innovations in projects and to highlight barriers to change. An institutional history draws out and synthesizes lessons for research organizations and partners as well as for others in similar circumstances.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Institutional; History; Research; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52523

Knowledge Management in the Food Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodriguez Monroy,   Carlos; Fuentes-Pila,   Joaquin; Martinez Soto,   Moises E.; Velasco,   Julia; Morris,   Anne.
The object of the present article is to discuss Knowledge Management (KM) in the Agrifood Supply Chain (ASC). In the 21st century, the ASC is under strong tensions. This is evident in the drastic changes in the global scene. For example, in the year 2008, food prices were high and unstable. In the last years, the importance of knowledge as a source of competitive advantage for organizations has increased considerably, so it is necessary its management in the ASC in order to surpass the challenges of the 21st century. KM is a direction tool that focuses in determining, organizing, directing, providing and supervising the practices and activities related with the knowledge (intangible active) required to achieve the strategies and objectives of the business...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Management; Knowledge; Agrifood supply chain; Price stability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59188

An Economic Evaluation of Research into the Improved Management of the Annual Grass Weed Vulpia in Temperate Pastures in South-Eastern Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vere,   David T.; Jones,   Randall E.; Dowling,   Peter.
NSW Agriculture has a history of research investment in managing weed problems in the temperate pasture areas. One focus of that research has been on the development of improved management practices for the major annual grass weed vulpia. Recent surveys have found that weeds comprised up to 80% of pasture biomass in some temperate areas and that typical vulpia contents are between 30 and 40% of pasture biomass. Temperate pasture degradation is recognised as being a major contributor to the wider environmental problems of soil erosion, salinity and acidity. This evaluation related to a project (1996-2002) that focussed on the vulpia problem in the New South Wales temperate pasture areas. The benefits of that research were measured as the difference in the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Research evaluation; Annual grass weeds; Vulpia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42503

PRECISION AGRICULTURE: CURRENT ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14487

Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Kwansoo; Barham,   Bradford L.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
This work investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&amp;D at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs and synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and academic patents. We propose a new measure of economies of scope based on a primal representation of the underlying technology. We derive a decomposition of economies of scope which identifies its sources (e.g., complementarity effects and scale effects). Non-parametric estimates of scope economies using R&amp;D input and output data from 92 research universities show significant economies of scope between articles and patents, but modest complementarities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12674

Assessing the Implications of IPR on Plant and Animal Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121166

Linking Farmers to Markets: The Case of Grain Marketing Information in Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odendo,   Martins; De Groote,   Hugo.
Market liberalization created a situation where there are no guaranteed grain prices, no central information source and the need for marketing information increased. Unfortunately, most farmers have little or no access to marketing information. This study evaluates farmers’ perceptions of importance of marketing information; identifies farmers’ sources of grain marketing information; determine farmers’ confidence in and use of marketing information; and assesses determinants farmers’ willingness (WTP) to pay for marketing information. Data used in this study were generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered a random sample of 120 households in traditionally grain surplus-and deficit zones of Kenya. The data were analyzed by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer; Grains; Logit; Markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52144

Policy-oriented Research Impact Assessment (PORIA) Case Study on The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the Mexican PROGRESA Anti-poverty and Human Resource Investment Conditional Cash Transfer Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behrman,   Jere R.
The objective of this study is to attempt to characterize the influence and impact of IFPRI in relation to the Mexican PROGRESA/Oportunidades anti-poverty and human resource program with its conditional cash transfers (CCT)-conditional on specific investments in education, health, and nutrition. The paper first describes PROGRESA/Oportunidades and estimates of the impact and benefits-to-costs of this program; then discusses the challenges in assessing the influence and impact of IPRRI on and through PROGRESA/Oportunidades; and then presents the information sources used in this study to attempt to identify the influence and impact of IFPRI on PROGRESA/Oportunidades including interviews with 39 key informants as well as various published and unpublished...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56130

Evaluating the genetic progress of wheat in NSW, 1992-2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Redmond,   Thomas; Nolan,   Elizabeth; Martin,   Peter J.
Intellectual Property Regimes (IPRs) have been justified on the basis that they promote innovation, but it is not always clear that they do so. Empirical studies of IPRs in an Australian context have been limited. Plant variety protection is one form of IPR. The passing of the Australian Plant Breeder’s Rights Act of 1994 has been followed by significant commercialisation of the wheat breeding industry. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether this commercialisation has benefited wheat productivity through varietal improvement. We estimate a linear crop production function, using a random effects Hausman Taylor estimator to evaluate differences in genetic contributions to productivity between public and private wheat varieties commercially released...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetic change; Technical change; Innovation; Wheat breeding; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100702

The nature of the research‐induced supply shift
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wohlgenant,   Michael K.
Differences among firms in a competitive industry can affect the shape of the industry supply curve. It is necessary to know how both production costs and rents are affected by research. Industry response to research will be different depending upon whether entry occurs. If the effect of entry is ignored, then the price decline from research will be overstated. Industry marginal returns can be positive with purely yield‐increasing research, even when industry demand is inelastic. Standard formulas for calculating producer surplus based on linear industry supply and demand curves are strictly valid only if the analysis is restricted to short‐run equilibrium behaviour.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118054

Adoption of Internet Strategies by Agribusiness Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Jason R.; Dooley,   Frank J.; Akridge,   Jay T.; Carerre,   Antonio.
This paper explores the factors guiding Internet adoption by agribusiness firms. The relationship between Internet strategies and manager perceptions on the barriers to and catalysts for Internet adoption are analyzed in a supply-chain management framework. Using factor analysis and an ordered Probit model, results indicate that Internet strategies are more likely to be adopted in larger firms with a global scope. Also, manager perceptions regarding the impact of Internet adoption on transaction costs are just as likely to influence adoption as the perceived impacts on more traditional production costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Internet; E-commerce; Supply-chain; Transaction costs; Ordered Probit; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8135

Receiving incorrect information is costly: Diffusion and accuracy of market information among farmers in northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zanello,   Giacomo; Shankar,   Bhavani; Srinivasan,   Chittur S.
The recent adoption of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs, namely mobile phones and radios) in rural areas of Sub- Saharan Africa has brought new evidence that an updated and reliable flow of information can have direct benefits for farmers' welfare. However, if correct market information can benefit the users, incorrect information can be costly. In this study we explore the diffusion (quantity) and the accuracy (quality) of price information among farmers in northern Ghana, with a focus on the role of ICTs.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Market behaviour; Transaction costs; Information technologies; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D82; D83; D84; O12; O55.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123967

Maize in Nepal: Production Systems, Constraints, and Priorities for Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudyal,   Kamal R.; Ransom,   Joel K.; Rajbhandari,   Neeranjan P.; Adhikari,   Krishna Prasad; Gerpacio,   Roberta V.; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7652

A Return of the Threshing Ring? A Case Study of Machinery and Labor-Sharing in Midwestern Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Artz,   Georgeanne M.; Colson,   Gregory; Ginder,   Roger G.
Machinery-sharing provides an alternative for smaller producers to obtain the efficiencies of large farming operations and remain competitive in an increasingly concentrated agricultural industry. This research uses a multiple case study design to examine the motivations for sharing equipment and labor among farms and to better understand how group members handle the transaction costs of sharing. Our case evidence finds that in addition to cost savings, access to reliable labor is an important motivation for participating in a sharing arrangement. Trust and frequent communication among group members helps to minimize the transaction costs incurred from sharing.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Machinery sharing; Transaction costs; Farm-level cooperation; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100515

Some Notes on 'Dynamic' Linear Programming: A Reply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Throsby,   C.D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8888

The place of technology transfer processes in the system of methods for researching the area of Science -Technology-Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wisniewska,   Joanna.
The growing importance and scope of technology transfer processes undertaken all over the world settles the question of the necessity for their proper identification. The multi-aspect character and complexity of these phenomena create specific problems in conducting analytic work. Although technology transfer is an element of the Science-Technology-Innovation (STI) system, it does not have a proper place in the existing methodology system of this area. The aim of this article is to point out the necessity to create a proper, complex and comprehensive methodology for researching technology transfer processes, which would contribute to better understanding of the processes themselves and at the same time enable their proper development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Science; Technology; Innovation; Technology transfer; Methodology; Research.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94612

DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF REGIONAL COMMODITY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krasavina, Raisa.
The paper observes the structure of regional commodity markets as a relation between competitive and monopoly regulating powers. A method for quantitative evaluation of competitiveness of certain markets depending on factors dominating in the region is proposed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Regional commodity market; Boundaries of relevant market; Concentration ratios; Competitiveness factors.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; UDC: 332.142.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92386

Do Refuge Requirements for Biotechnology Crops Promote Economic Efficiency? Some Evidence for Bt Cotton
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Storer,   Nicholas P.; Van Duyn,   John W.; Kennedy,   George G.
We examine producer behavior, resistance evolution, and returns under alternative refuge requirements in an eastern North Carolina region with multiple corn, cotton, and soybean fields infested by a mobile pest. Returns are highest, pyrethroid sprays occur least frequently, and pyrethroid resistance evolution is delayed most effectively with no refuge requirement. Complying with the current 20% refuge requirement costs the producer $8.67 per cotton acre, or $34.21 per non-transgenic insecticidal (Bt) cotton acre. Returns are highest under each refuge requirement when one-toxin Bt cotton is not phased out; however, removal of the technology at the earliest phase-out date minimizes regional pyrethroid sprays.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bollworm; Bt cotton; Pyrethroids; Resistance; Structured refuge; Unstructured refuge; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q56; Q57; Q58; R34; R38.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6619

THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: HISTORICAL AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
In this working paper we attempt to establish a general analytical framework for the calculation of the micro- and macroeconomic benefits and costs of biotechnology applications in EU agriculture.  Since these innovative applications are typically protected by intellectual property rights, standard welfare analyses will overestimate total benefits generated by these innovations.  On the other hand, this doesn'’t mean that innovators are extracting all of the benefits.  A recent ex-post welfare analysis on US Bt-cotton shows that farmers have captured the largest share of benefits (Falck-Zepeda, Traxler and Nelson, 1999).  Due to the importance of intellectual property rights and the consolidation of the agricultural input industry, the framework presented...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31845

WHO BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scobie,   Grant M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9170

AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCERS' OPINIONS ON MANDATORY LABELING OF GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaverest,   E'licia L.; Wheelock,   Gerald; Chembezi,   Duncan M.; Kebede,   Ellene.
This study evaluates producers' perceptions on mandatory labeling of GM food products. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,887 farmers in 10 southern states who claimed to be "somewhat knowledgeable" about biotechnology. A logistic regression model was employed to isolate characteristics of farmers assumed to influence their opinions on mandatory labeling.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34624

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This paper analyzes the main economic issues of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). A retrospective view on the establishment of the TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) Agreement, a still controversial accomplishment of the Uruguay Round of trade liberalization, is provided. The paper reviews the economic rationale for the harmonization of IPRs, drawing both on economic theory considerations as well as emerging empirical evidence. The logic of linking IPR protection and trade in the context of the WTO is also re-examined. Some specific attention is devoted to the implications of TRIPS for agricultural and biotechnology innovations. The impact that IPR protection can...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Copyrights; Cross-border externalities; Intellectual property; International trade; Patents; Trademarks; TRIPS; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18369

Guidelines for Applied Agricultural Research: Designing, Reporting and Interpreting Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
Commentary is made on the design, reporting, and economic interpretation of field experiments, and attention is given to Bayesian statistics as a potentially useful aid in planning and assessing research. This article complements the discussions of Lloyd (1958) and Dillon (1966) in this Review.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9580

SEEDS OF CONTENTION: WORLD HUNGER AND THE GLOBAL CONTROVERSY OVER GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per; Schioler,   Ebbe.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16595

Analysis of the Constraints to the Development of a Domestic Improved Seed Potato Industry in Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Marthe.
This paper outlines proposed research, using concepts of New Institutional Economics, to identify the factors constraining the emergence of a market for domestically produced improved seed potatoes in Mali.  It uses the Principal –Agent model to outline how to investigate the feasibility of developing a domestic seed potato industry in Mali by applying the concepts of efficient contract designs and other institutional arrangements. This research will contribute to the literature on: (a) contract and institutional design in the context of asymmetric information and uncertainty typical of agricultural markets in low-income countries and (b) design of improved seed production systems, particularly for clonal crops, in developing countries. The Malian potato...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Principal-agent model; Seed systems; Mali; Agricultural technology development; Input markets; Contracting; Potatoes; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D82; L14; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50351

Conservation Agriculture Practices and Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazvimavi,   Kizito; Ndlovu,   Patrick V.; Nyathi,   Putso; Minde,   Isaac J.
This study is based on a panel survey interviewing 416 farmers practising conservation agriculture for at least five cropping seasons. Farmers obtained higher yields on conservation agriculture plots than on nonconservation agriculture ones. The mean maize yield on conservation agriculture was 1546 kg/ha compared to 970 kg/ha for non-conventional draft tillage plots across all 15 districts. However, the contribution of conservation agriculture to total household food security requirements was limited due to small plot sizes. Labor and land still remains a major challenge that limits the expansion of conservation agriculture area. Winter weeding remains a challenge, with 63% of farmers practicing it. Application of residues is still limited (56% of farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation agriculture; Planting basins; Yield gains; Adoption labor; And fertilizer; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96822

Economic Returns to Public Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Over the last several decades, the U.S. agricultural sector has sustained impressive productivity growth. The Nation's agricultural research system, including Federal-State public research as well as private-sector research, has been a key driver of this growth. Economic analysis finds strong and consistent evidence that investment in agricultural research has yielded high returns per dollar spent. These returns include benefits not only to the farm sector but also to the food industry and consumers in the form of more abundant commodities at lower prices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Technology; Total factor productivity; TFP; Research investments; Food; Input; Output; Crop yield; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Public spending; Private sector research; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6388

AN ICT-BASED TRACEABILITY SYSTEM IN COMPOUND FEED INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cebeci,   Zeynel; Erdogan,   Yoldas Erdogan; Alemdar,   Tuna; Celik,   Ladine; Boga,   Mustafa; Uzun,   Yusuf; Coban,   Durdu H.; Gorgulu,   Murat; Tosten,   Funda.
The term traceability refers to recording of flow of products along the food chain from production to consumption with inclusion of all intermediate applications involved in processing/packaging stages. The aim for establishing traceability in the food chain is to provide the timely identification and recall of batches of product from the market when a risk threatens the health of consumers. Since compound feed products are basic inputs in livestock and poultry production, ICT-based feed traceability systems can be considered as a initial step in food traceability management. These systems are simply information recording systems that are designed to trace and track the flow and characteristics of animal feed along the feed supply chain. This paper...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Compound feeds; Feed traceability; Traceability systems; Food safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53569

The Role of Varietal Attributes on Adoption of Improved Seed Varieties. The Case of Sorghum in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Timu,   Anne G.; Mulwa,   Richard M.; Okello,   Julius Juma; Kamau,   Mercy W.
This paper examines the effect of variety attributes on adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Kenya. Using data from 140 farmers, the paper uses a multivariate probit to identify variety-specific drivers of adoption. The results on the perception of farmers variety attributes show that improved varieties had desirable production and marketing attributes while the local varieties were perceived to have the best consumption attributes. Evidence further indicates that the major sorghum variety attributes driving rapid adoption are taste, drought tolerance, yield, ease of cooking and the variety’s ability to fetch a price premium. Early maturity, a major focus of research has no effect on adoption.  The findings of the study imply that, while developing...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Variety Attributes; Multi Variate Probit Model; Adoption.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123301

A Strategic Approach to Agricultural Research Program Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Oehmke,   James F.; Shaffer,   James D.; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads May 2008-July 2009: 13.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11450

Does Price Signal Quality? Strategic Implications of Price as a Signal of Quality for the Case of Genetically Modified Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hwang,   Yun Jae; Roe,   Brian E.; Teisl,   Mario F.
When products are differentiated and quality is highly subjective (e.g., fashion or art), novel (e.g., a new feature), or difficult to verify prior to purchase (e.g., credence attributes), consumers may turn to price as a signal of quality.  Products containing genetically modified (GM) ingredients meet each of these criteria, i.e., GM ingredients are novel, their presence is difficult to verify, and their impact on subjective quality may be viewed differently across individuals with the same knowledge.  We add to the limited empirical literature on consumers' use of price as a quality signal by testing for non-monotonicity of consumer demand in price for GM products using data collected from a nationally representative mail survey featuring several...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19509

THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION ON CONSUMER DEMAND FOR BIOTECH FOODS:  EVIDENCE FROM EXPERIMENTAL AUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tegene,   Abebayehu; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.
Consumers' willingness to pay for food products decreases when the food label indicates that a food product is produced with the aid of modern biotechnology. This bulletin presents empirical evidence on consumers' willingness to pay for biotech foods based on the presence or absence of labels advising that the food was prepared with the aid of biotechnology. The authors designed and conducted an experimental auction to elicit consumers' willingness to pay for "genetically modified" (GM)-labeled and standard-labeled foods under different information regimes. The evidence gathered for vegetable oil, tortilla chips, and potatoes shows that labels matter. In particular, under all information treatments, consumers discounted food items labeled "GM" by an...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biotech; Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Food labels; Auctions; Experimental economics; Random nth price; Willingness to pay; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33577

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND URBAN POVERTY IN INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen.
Using a similar analytical approach to a study in China, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty reduction in India. State level data from 1970 to 1995 were used in the empirical analysis. It is found that in addition to its large impact on rural poverty reduction, agricultural research investments have also played a major role in the reduction of urban poverty. Agricultural research investments increase agricultural production, and increased production in turn lowers food prices. The urban poor often benefit proportionately more than the non-poor since they spend 50-80% of their income on food. Among all the rural investments considered in this study, agricultural research has the largest impact on urban poverty reduction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; India; Agricultural research; Urban; Poverty; Food price; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16079

The Impact of Postharvest Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goletti,   Francesco; Wolff,   Christiane.
While research on the improvement of agricultural production has received considerable attention and funding, until recently postharvest activities have not attracted much attention from international research organizations. However, there is an emerging consensus on the critical role that postharvest systems can play in meeting the overall goals of food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable agriculture particularly in developing countries. This study provides preliminary evidence on the impact of postharvest research on these goals; furthermore the study argues that postharvest research at international agricultural research organizations is justified by its international public good nature.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Poverty alleviation. Research institutes; Postharvest technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97394

TECHNOLOGICAL DUALISM AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN COLOMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Alvaro.
The problem of unemployment in Colombia is very important for a variety of reasons.  A large portion of it can be identified as technological unemployment.  This kind of unemployment is related to the technological dualism, which exists in the economy.  Technological unemployment arises from technological and resource restraints in both sectors, and due to the current composition of effective demand.  The traditional sector uses a technology which is relatively labor-intensive, and depends heavily on simple tools produced domestically.  In contrast, the modern sector uses imported production processes which are relatively capital-intensive and with a limited degree of flexibility in the substitution of labor for capital.  But, labor is abundant, and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11139

Uncovering Productivity Growth in the Disaggregate:  Indonesia's Dueling Agricultural Sub-Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rada,   Nicholas E.; Buccola,   Steven T.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
The success of seed-fertilizer technologies and government subsidies in attaining nearly self-sufficient rice production in the mid-1980s encouraged the Indonesian government soon afterward to shift resources away from food crops and toward export-oriented crops.  These shifts were reinforced by trade liberalization and a sharp devaluation of the rupiah after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which exerted Indonesia’s comparative advantage in tropical perennial products.  In the present paper, we ask whether such events have altered Indonesia’s agricultural growth strategy from a food-crop to an export-crop one.  With an innovative multi-output stochastic distance frontier model and provincial production and policy-related data from 1985 to 2005, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Indonesia; Shephard distance function; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Technical efficiency; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61021

Electronic Collaboration Platforms for Communities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pankiewicz,   Maciek; Fritz,   Melanie; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
One of the critical success factors for the future development of the agri-food sector is the increased integration of enterprises and other stakeholders in horizontal and vertical ‘communities’. Tracking and tracing, agreements on quality policy, improvements in logistics, dissemination of innovations, cooperation in quality planning and market orientation, access to knowledge bases, etc. are all examples which build on an increased horizontal or vertical integration in information and communication activities. The paper will discuss ongoing research on the conceptualization, design and testing of online communities that provide the functionalities that might improve cooperation in the different (horizontal and vertical) dimensions. It builds on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: E-community; Collaborative working environment.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49885

The Efficiency–-Equity Tradeoffs in Agricultural Research Priority Setting: The Potential Impacts of Agricultural Research on Economic Surplus and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Tollens,   Eric; Abele,   Steffen.
Public agricultural research has come under increasing pressure to redefine its strategic priorities to contribute to poverty alleviation goals. However, the issue of whether the poor benefit more from agricultural research that pursues efficiency or equity objectives remains unresolved, largely due to lack of empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. This paper estimates the potential impacts of agricultural research on economic surplus and poverty reduction in Nigeria, identifies strategic priorities according to both efficiency and equity criteria, and examines the nature and magnitude of the efficiency–equity tradeoffs. The results show that there are no significant efficiency–equity tradeoffs because the rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty reduction; Economic surplus; Research priority setting; Nigeria; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I32; I38; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25260

AN ANALYTICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRIVATE BIOTECH R&amp;D INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malla,   Stavroula; Gray,   Richard S.
The study examines the incentives and incidence of private R&amp;D investment in the today's biotech industry.  A three-stage search/imperfect competition model is developed to derive the optimal pricing and investment decisions of private firms and to develop conjectures about how these decisions are affected by exogenous factors.  The analysis shows that basic public research "crowds in" applied private research while applied public research "crowds out" applied private research.  The current technology level and the cost of the experimentation negatively affect private investment, while the price of the final product positively affects the private investment.  Moreover, the greater the product heterogeneity, the higher the price charged with the same...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20544

Evaluation of Agricultural Research: Program Evaluation Methods and Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brazzel,   John M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49017

Assessing and Attributing the Benefits from Varietal Improvement Research in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Vosti,   Stephen A.
As the number and variety of interconnected sources of agricultural innovations have continued to grow and evolve, so too have the demands for meaningful evidence of both the total payoff and the specific impacts of individual research providers. Important policy and practical funding decisions require a clear understanding of the shares of the overall benefits from investments in R&amp;D attributable to domestic versus foreign and public versus private agencies, or even to individual agencies, as well as the total benefits accruing from innovation. This report provides a detailed economic assessment of the magnitude and sources of the economic benefits to Brazil since the early 1980s from varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; Brazil; Economic aspects; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37894

OPTIMAL INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REGARDING A BACKSTOP TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakao,   Megumi; Wichelns,   Dennis.
We examine the role of investment opportunities on the marginal cost of a backstop technology and the resulting implications for optimal depletion of a non-renewable resource. We consider the case in which two economic agents (individuals, cities, or nations) compete for a non-renewable resource, and investments in research and development will reduce the marginal cost of a backstop technology. We examine the problem in both social optimization and game theory frameworks. We consider three scenarios: 1) The social planner's problem in which the sum of net benefits earned by the two agents (players) is maximized, 2) A scenario in which two players compete for the limited resource, while making investments jointly, and 3) A scenario in which the players...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22042

Simulating the Spillover Benefits from R&amp;D by a small producer country embedded in a Network: Aquaculture R&amp;D in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guettler,   Stefan; Seidel-Lass,   Linda; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114589

CIMMYT 1999-2000 WORLD MAIZE FACTS AND TRENDS:  MEETING WORLD MAIZE NEEDS: TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PRIORITIES FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
This report has four parts. Part 1 focuses on the role international agricultural research institutions should play in meeting the rapid growth in maize demand that is anticipated during the next 20 years. Constraints to maize production in the developing world are prioritized globally and by region, including factors such as levels of poverty and subsistence farming. Technological responses to the constraints are outlined and another prioritization exercise is conducted to determine where and in which technologies public sector research investments would make the most impact. Respective roles of the public and private sectors' maize research efforts are delineated, as are areas for collaboration. Part 2 of the report presents an overview of CIMMYT's...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23727

PROPERTY RIGHTS, COLLECTIVE ACTION AND PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eyzaguirre,   Pablo; McCarthy,   Nancy; di Gregorio,   Monica; Dennis,   Evan.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16569

Supply Chain and Network Performance: Metrics for Profitability, Productivity, and Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weaver,   Robert D.
The architecture of the firm involves determination of a boundary that encompasses the functions managed by the firm. The past decade has seen substantial reorganization of firms where vertical or horizontal integration has been unbundled into weaker forms of collaborations including value chains and networks. This observation has forced a re-conceptualization of the boundaries of the firm to incorporate such collaborations. These collaborations are virtual and highly dynamic. They emerge and persist when two conditions are met. First, they must enable generation of greater value than might be attained through independent operation and anonymous transactions through markets. Second, the resulting growth must be shared with members in a way that retains...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Networks; Collaboration; Metrics; Productivity; Efficiency; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59183

Modelling the Adoption of HYV Technology in Developing Economies: Theory and Empirics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quilkey,   John J.; Pradhan,   Jadunath.
Modelling the adoption of HYV technology in developing economies may be effectively prosecuted at the microlevel in a non-separable, decision-theoretic system. The degree of adoption of high-yielding varieties of rice can be incorporated into the household decision framework and account can be taken of imperfections in labour and commodity markets. Despite the gap between theory and practice, an embryonic empirical model is implemented using survey data from Orissa, India to appraise the effectiveness of a range of agricultural policies on farm-family welfare, farm output, marketed surplus of food and rural employment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9592

BIOTECHNOLOGY--DIVERSIFICATION, AND THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eller,   David G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27918

COMPETITIVE GRANTS AND THE FUNDING OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Heisey,   Paul W.; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra; Frisvold,   George B.
To increase the efficiency of the public agricultural R&amp;D system, expanded use of competitive grants to fund state institutions has been advocated.  This paper characterizes different funding instruments and empirically assesses the effects of changes in mechanism use.  Factors associated with greater levels of competitive grants are modeled.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21863

THE PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSION OF POLICY KNOWLEDGE: A BIBLIOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Christian,   Jason E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16576

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BT CORN REFUGE INSURANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Hurley,   Terrance M.; Hellmich,   Richard L.
The EPA has imposed mandatory refuge requirements for Bt crops to prolong the efficacy of Bt.  Growers have no economic incentive to plant the required refuge because refuge crops are on average less productive and more risky.  This paper evaluates refuge insurance--insurance that pays indemnities for yield losses on refuge due to insect damage--as a tool to increase grower compliance incentives.   We determine actuarially fair insurance premiums, then evaluate the feasibility of private provision of refuge insurance and its impact on grower incentives to comply with refuge requirements.  A private market for refuge insurance appears unlikely because our analysis suggests that even a 2% load on the actuarially fair premium makes growers unwilling to buy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21757

Technology Transfer from Publicly Funded Research for Improved Water Management: Analysis and Australian Examples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Considerable public funding is provided for research and development intended to improve the management and use of shared natural resources, such as water.  In Australia the Land and Water Research and Development Corporation (LWRRDC) and Environment Australia are significant providers of such funds.  These providers tend to judge the value of R &amp; D projects supported by them on the basis of whether or not significant technology transfer and adoption takes place.  Researchers involved in these projects and expected to be the prime movers of such transfer.  However, it seems that research funders have been guided by over simplified models of processes of technology transfer and by false analogies with the transfer of industrial technology.  There has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land and Water Research and Development Corporation (LWRRDC); Water management; Technology transfer.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47993

ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Salomon,   Menelik.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Ethiopian agricultural research since the early 1970s, including a new set of survey data for the 1990s collected through the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001– 02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16198

IMPACTS OF THE ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS ON FARM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McBride,   William D.; El-Osta,   Hisham S.
The rapid adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops by U.S. farmers suggests that these technologies have been perceived to improve farm financial performance.  This study develops and applies an econometric model to data from corn and soybean producers in order to evaluate the financial impacts of the adoption of GE crops.  Results indicate that the adoption of GE crops has had a limited impact on financial performance that varies by crop, type of technology, type of farm, and region of the nation.  Factors other than the financial impacts appear to be important reasons for the rapid adoption of GE crops.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bt; Corn; Farm financial performance; Genetically engineered crops; Herbicide-tolerant; Soybeans; Technology adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15514

IMPLICATIONS OF EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Michael J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17954

Economic Value of Original Non-Market Valuation Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Bryon; Loomis,   John B.
We describe a method to determine the net economic gain from conducting original research to estimate non-market benefits of public policy and demonstrate an application of this method. We provide a step-wise method to allow policy practitioners to make informed decisions about when there are expected net benefits to conducting or contracting for original research to estimate the benefits of a policy decision.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20263

AJAE Appendix: Welfare Impacts of Cross-Country Spillovers in Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 90, Number 1, February 2008
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7106

Estimating Willingness to Pay for E10 fuel: a contingent valuation study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhattacharjee,   Sanjoy; Petrolia,   Daniel R.; Herndon,   Cary W., Jr.
In this study, we measure willingness to pay for E10 fuel by US consumers employing a contingent valuation technique in a simultaneous latent variable equation framework. The simultaneous equation framework helps us to understand the way consumers' perceptions about ethanol are developed and influence their respective buying behavior.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: E10 ethanol; Perceptions and economic choice; Latent variable; Random utility models; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C12; C35; D12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6730

Precision Nitrogen Fertilization Technology with Micro Grids
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biermacher,   Jon T.; Epplin,   Francis M.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Solie,   John B.; Raun,   Bill.
Sensor-based precision fertilizer technologies are being developed and researched by production scientists.  One such technology uses normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) reflectance measurements of growing winter wheat plants and a nitrogen fertilizer optimization algorithm (NFOA) to determine nitrogen requirement necessary for plants to reach their yield plateau.  A number of precision fertilizer application systems that use this technology are considered in this paper.  A linear response stochastic plateau wheat yield function conditional on NDVI reflectance measurements is estimated and used within an expected profit-maximization framework to estimate upper bounds on the returns from the precision nitrogen application systems.  The on-the-go...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21046

Adoption of Best Management Practices to Control Weed Resistance By Cotton, Corn, and Soybean Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frisvold,   George B.; Hurley,   Terrance M.; Mitchell,   Paul D.
This study examined adoption of ten best management practices (BMPs) to control weed resistance to herbicides. Using data from a survey of 1,205 U.S. cotton, corn, and soybean growers, count data models were estimated to explain the total number of practices frequently adopted. Ordered probit regressions were used to explain the frequency of individual BMP adoption. Growers practicing a greater number of BMPs frequently (a) had more education, but less farming experience; (b) grew cotton, (c) expected higher yields relative to the county average; and (d) farmed in counties with a lower coefficient of variation (CV) for yield of their primary crop. Yield expectations and variability were significant predictors of the frequency of adoption of individual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Weeds; Herbicide; Resistance management; Corn; Cotton; Soybeans; Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49432

INTRAHOUSEHOLD IMPACT OF THE TRANSFER OF MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naved,   Ruchira Tabassum.
This study explores the intrahousehold impact of transfer of modern agricultural technology from a gender perspective. The data suggest that group-based programs targeting women have a greater potential to address gender relations within the household and society than do programs targeting women as individuals. In male-dominated societies where women have limited access to internal or external support networks, programs targeting women as individuals that do not also provide alternative sources of support are bound to fail in their gender goals.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16391

Changing Priorities for International Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herdt,   Robert W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7659

Food Authenticity, Technology and Consumer Acceptance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.; McDonald,   Jillian; Zhang,   Jing.
Traceability and authenticity issues have gained increasing prominence in food markets and create both opportunities and challenges for the food industry in providing credible information to consumers. Internal molecular tagging is an emerging technology with the potential to deliver traceability and authenticity assurances. A key question for the food industry in adopting new technologies is consumer acceptance. This paper explores consumer attitudes toward traceability and authenticity and the role of information in affecting consumer acceptance of new technologies, using molecular tagging as an example. Data were gathered from an online survey conducted in Canada in December 2010. To determine whether product-specific effects exist, two versions of the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Authenticity; Consumer acceptance; Choice experiment; Information treatment; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123881

Labor Cost and Technology Adoption: Real Options Approach for the Case of Sugarcane Mechanization in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iwai,   Nobuyuki; Emerson,   Robert D.; Walters,   Lurleen M.
Specialty crop farmers have expressed concern about labor shortages and cost increases which may arise with immigration reform. The large-scale mechanization of the Florida sugarcane harvest during the 1970s/80s serves as an historical example of how technologies evolved due to changes in local labor market conditions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6758

SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELING OF AGRICULTURAL YIELD MONITOR DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nistor,   Adela P.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James; Brown,   Jason P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 03/06/08.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corn; Drainage; Precision agriculture; Spatial panel model; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O18; Q18; R15; R38; R58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6717

AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Stanley; Pardey,   Philip G.
In this paper we describe how biophysical data can be used, in conjunction with agroecological concepts and multimarket economic models, to systematically evaluate the effects of agricultural R&amp;D in ways that inform research priority setting and resource-allocation decisions. Agroecological zones can be devised to help estimate the varying, site-specific responses to new agricultural technologies and to evaluate the potential for research to spill over from one agroecological zone to another. The application of agroecological zonation procedures in an international, agricultural research context is given special attention.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biophysical; Economic evaluation; Research priorities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; International R&amp;D.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16109

Genetic Change in Farmer-Recycled Maize Seed: A Review of the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Michael L.; Risopoulos,   Jean; Beck,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7683

Marketing margins and agricultural technology in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Jensen,   Henning Tarp; Robinson,   Sherman; Tarp,   Finn.
"July 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). Published as Arndt, Channing, Jensen, Henning Tarp, Robinson, Sherman, Tarp, Finn. 2000. Marketing margins and agricultural technology in Mozambique. Journal of Development Studies 37(1): 121-137.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice -- Prices -- Models; Agricultural development; Marketing; Technology; Mozambique; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97537

Evaluation of innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses in Slovak Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sopkova,   Eva; Kostiviarova,   Silvia.
The aim of the presented paper is to contribute to the discussion on innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses of the Slovak Republic and the European Union. It is based on the results of research carried out by the National Agency for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (NADSME), where the focus was on the innovation capacity of small and medium firms in Slovakia. And it was complemented by the results of an analysis of firms’ innovation activities in the Banská Bystrica region carried out within the project “Regional Innovation Strategy of the Banska Bystrica Region”.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Innovation activities; Small and medium-sized businesses.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94565

THE RETURNS FROM RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIAN BROADACRE AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.; Cox,   Thomas L.
Many people share the view that too little is invested in R &amp; D in agriculture. The relationship between several measures of productivity and research expenditure was estimated using data from ABARE's surveys of broadacre industries and a new data series on R &amp; D expenditure for the period 1953 to 1988. The internal rate of return to research was estimated to be in the range of 15 to 40 percent which does not provide strong evidence that Australia is either under- or over-investing in public research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22399

Journal Frontmatter
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes front cover and editorial information.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117943

Patents, Spillovers, and Competition in Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.
I perform an event study on 600+ patents awarded primarily to 20 leading biotechnology firms and find significant changes in market values at the time of the awards. Adjusting for partial anticipation of events, I estimate that core technology patents in highly contested research areas are expected to generate between $13 and $21 million of economic value. They also generate spillover benefits for the patentee's rivals-presumably including knowledge transfers-valued at $3 to $6 million per firm. Awardees may appropriate only half of private benefits, although I observe negative spillovers for some high-profile awards. Most patents have no significant market impact.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Patent value; Spillover; Competition; Event study; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; G14; O31; O34; L65.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10808

Making the Most of Meetings: An entry point for knowledge sharing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staiger,   Simone; Russell,   Nathan; Hewlitt,   Allison.
More effective sharing of the knowledge generated by agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) will enhance global efforts to reduce poverty, hunger and environmental degradation. Major meetings provide a useful opportunity for introducing knowledge sharing (KS) attitudes, methods and tools to R&amp;D organizations. Such events can promote awareness of new types of collegial relationships and foster more creative scientific collaboration. If they are to successfully perform these functions, however, the meeting organizers must plan carefully, identifying the KS techniques that are most appropriate to the defined objectives. Feedback mechanisms (before, during and after the event) are also required. While major meetings can be an entry point for KS...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Knowledge; KS; R&amp;D; Sharing; Meeting; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52519

Le marché de bestiaux du gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid: un levier de développement rural du Centre tunisien
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selmi,   Salah; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Allagui,   Leila; Chouaibi,   Walid.
L’élevage ovin est une activité traditionnelle dans toutes les régions de la Tunisie et surtout le Centre et le Sud. Sur le plan national et jusqu'à une date récente seule la viande bovine retenait l'attention des pouvoirs publics et les opérateurs privés. Face aux enjeux actuels de satisfaction des besoins du pays en viandes rouges et la mise à niveau de la filière des ovins, on assiste à un processus de développement du secteur qui connaît une restructuration du cheptel et une intensification de la production en intégrant les cultures fourragères ainsi qu’une mise à niveau des marchés de bestiaux. Dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid où l’élevage ovin occupe une place de choix dans l’économie régionale, les systèmes de production agricole connaîssent une...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52000

Environmental Impacts of Emerging Biomass Feedstock Markets: Energy, Agriculture, and the Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dodder,   Rebecca S.; Amani,   Elobeid; Johnson,   Timothy L.; Kaplan,   P. Ozge; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Tokgoz,   Simla.
The tighter linkages between energy and crop markets due to recent climate and energy legislation in the US have large potential environmental impacts beyond carbon sequestration and climate mitigation. These range from effects on water quality and quantity, soil erosion, habitat and biodiversity preservation. These impacts are very location and management-decision specific, as they are the product of atomistic decisions and depend on soil and landscape specific variables. In order to fully understand the effects of biomass markets, the new and stronger linkages and feedback effects between national- and global-scale energy and commodity markets must be properly understood and identified using an integrated perspective. We discuss the various interactions...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy and Commodity markets linkages; Integrated energy system assessment; Environmental impacts; Biofuels.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118453

European Chemical Policy and the United States: The Impacts of REACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Stanton,   Elizabeth A.; Massey,   Rachel.
The European Union is moving toward adoption of its new Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) policy, an innovative system of chemicals regulation that will provide crucial information on the safety profile of chemicals used in industry. Chemicals produced elsewhere, such as in the United States, and exported to Europe will have to meet the same standards as chemicals produced within the European Union. What is at stake for the U.S. is substantial: we estimate that chemical exports to Europe that are subject to REACH amount to about $14 billion per year, and are directly and indirectly responsible for 54,000 jobs. Revenues and employment of this magnitude dwarf the costs of compliance with REACH, which will amount to no more than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37242

Systems Analysis by Graph-theoretic Techniques: Assessment of Institutional Linkages in the Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Temel,   Tugrul T.; Janssen,   Willem; Karimov,   Fuad.
This paper develops a quantitative, graph-theoretic method for analysing systems of institutions. With an application to the agricultural innovation system of Azerbaijan, the method is illustrated in detail. An assessment of existing institutional linkages in the system suggests that efforts should be placed on the development of intermediary institutions to facilitate quick and effective flow of knowledge between the public and the private components of the system. Furthermore, significant accomplishments are yet to come in policy-making, research and education, and credit institutions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Graph theory; Systems approach; Agricultural innovation system; Azerbaijan.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q2; C8.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24845

International agricultural research for food security, poverty reduction, and the environment: What to expect from scaling up CGIAR investments and “Best Bet” programs.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Braun,   Joachim; Fan,   Shenggen; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; CGIAR; Food prices; Poverty reduction; Hunger; Agricultural research food security; Environment; Agricultural innovation; Agricultural development; Climate change; Agricultural biodiversity; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46015

USING THE WWW FOR RETAIL FOOD SALES: DISCUSSION AND DEMONSTRATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Gregory K.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26590

PUBLIC R&amp;D INVESTMENT FROM PRIVATE AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE. AN APPLICATION TO ITALIAN AGRICULTURE, 1960-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposti,   Roberto; Pierani,   Pierpaolo.
Public R&amp;D stock is considered as quasi-fixed input in a variable cost function. Its shadow price allows to measure the long run optimal level thus explicitly assessing the hypothesis of under (over) investment. Two alternative R&amp;D prices are defined depending on whether the social or private (farmers) view prevails. The results under these alternatives provide evidence on the hypothesis that free-riding on public R&amp;D explain overinvestment. The application to the Italian agriculture (1960-1995) suggests overinvestment in public research since the late seventies with a significant difference between the social and private optimal R&amp;D, the former being much closer to the observed level.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25876

Trust in Biotechnology Risk Managers: Insights from the United Kingdom, 1996-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Marks,   Leonie A.
The mid to late 1990s saw a series of negative media events in the United Kingdom (UK) related to biotechnology. According to the trust asymmetry hypothesis, such events ought to cause public trust in risk managers of biotechnology to fall quickly but rise slowly. We present evidence from the Eurobarometer surveys that from 1996 to 1999 public trust in the UK declined, but it increased sharply between 1999 and 2002. We seek to explain this apparent contradiction to the asymmetry hypothesis. We use canonical discriminant analysis of public trust to show that whether people trust or distrust risk managers of biotechnology depends significantly on the amount of knowledge people have about science. We speculate that knowledge of science moderates the trust...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21153

Make Policy Science to Promote Agriculture Modernization; The Open Laboratory of National Agriculture Policy Formally Startup
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qian,   Keming.
On October 16, 2003, the national agriculture policy open laboratory formally startup in the Institute of Agriculture Economics, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences. The item to be formally established by China Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance and World Bank. The first help and support by the  fourth technical assistance of World Bank,which has offered one million USD. The item will organize researchers of the Institute of Agriculture Economics, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences.  It will retain international and national  famous agriculture economist and young agriculture policy analysis personnel, to  form the high level of research team, set up the first agriculture economy and  policy simulated laboratory in the world, and found...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31945

Public Attitudes towards Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoban,   Thomas J.
The full benefits of agricultural biotechnology will only be realized if consumers and food manufacturers consider it safe and beneficial. Although few internationally comparable public opinion surveys have been conducted on this issue, the available evidence suggests that public attitudes differ sharply both between and within countries and are evolving over time. Consumer attitudes have been studied in the United States and Europe for more than a decade. This research is reviewed along with the available data from Latin America, Asia and Africa. Results from the largest internationally comparable public opinion survey on agricultural biotechnology to date are highlighted.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Biotechnology; Public Opinion; Consumer Acceptance.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; 013; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23810

Trait Stacking, Licensing, and Seed Firm Acquisitions on Genetically Modified Grains: A Strategic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Huso,   Scott R.
Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) traits leads to interesting strategic questions for agbiotechnology and seed firms.  The purpose of the study is to evaluate equilibrium strategies of agbiotechnology and seed firms regarding commercialization of GM traits.  Two game theory models were developed to examine equilibrium strategies.  In the first, both agbiotechnology firms have commercialization strategies of licensing or not.  In the second, the agbiotechnology firm also has the strategic option to purchase a seed form as a commercialization strategy.  Results indicate that the equilibrium strategy would be for each of the agbiotechnology firms to license their traits, and the seed firm would release a stacked trait.  However, order of play...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acquisition; Game theory; Genetically modified; Licensing; Trait commercialization; Trait stacking; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46560

Taux et déterminants de l’adoption des technologies agricoles : cas des
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue; Adekambi,   Souleimane Adeyemi.
In spite of the socio-economic importance of yam, his production is still facing serious constraints as no availability and inadequacy of seed tubers. In order to cope with these constraints, International of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has developed improved varieties of which we have TDrs’ varieties. Many years after their extension in Benin, it’s then important to evaluate their adoption rate and identify factors which determine this adoption. This study’s aim is to contribute to this evaluation. Data used came from 202 yam producers randomly selected in villages pertain to Borgou and Collines’s regions. The framework developed by Reed et al. (1991) and the counterfactual outcomes framework estimating the Average Treatment Effect have been respectively...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Yam; Information; Adoption; ATE; TDrs varieties; Benin; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95915

Congruence of Agricultural Research in Indonesia 1974-1978
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salmon,   David C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7475

RESEARCH ISSUES FACING THE FOOD DISTRIBUTION SECTOR: A LOOK AHEAD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Capps,   Oral, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27544

SLOW MAGIC: AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D A CENTURY AFTER MENDEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.
Reproduced with permission from the International Food Policy Research Institute www.ifpri.org. Originally published as: Pardey, Philip; Beintema, Nienke M. 2001. Slow magic: agricultural R&amp;D a century after Mendel.  (Food Policy Report) Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14364

Irrigation in Southern Africa: An Annotated Bibliography
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rinaldi,   Amalia.
This paper identifies available information (written or published almost exclusively during 1970-1984) on the socio-economic and institutional aspects of irrigated agriculture in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Irrigation; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 5; Q18.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54752

OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peck,   Gerald E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27840

A Response to the Forecast of Doom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuthall,   Peter L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12526

SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARKET BENEFITS FROM ADOPTING BIOTECH CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Price,   Gregory K.; Lin,   William W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge.
This study estimates the total benefit arising from the adoption of agricultural biotechnology in one year (1997) and its distribution among key stakeholders along the production and marketing chain. The analysis focuses on three biotech crops: herbicide-tolerant soybeans, insect-resistant (Bt) cotton, and herbicide-tolerant cotton. Adoption of these crops resulted in estimated market benefits of $212.5-$300.7 million for Bt cotton, $231.8 million for herbicide-tolerant cotton, and $307.5 million for herbicide-tolerant soybeans. These benefits accounted for small shares of crop production value, ranging from 2 percent to 5 percent. U.S. farmers captured a much larger share (about a third) of the benefits for Bt cotton than with herbicide-tolerant soybeans...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biotechnology; Distribution of benefits; Bt cotton; Herbicide-tolerant cotton; Herbicide-tolerant soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33562

Impact analysis of expanding biomass energy use to rural poverty in tropical Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siregar,   Masdjidin; Sugino,   Tomohide.
Since the Kyoto Protocol came into effect in 2005, more attention has been paid to the development of biomass resource use. The tropical Asian countries have large potential for biomass production. In order to reduce imported fuel, the Government of Indonesia is attempting to find alternative renewable energy, particularly in the form of biofuel. The report presents the prospects for biofuel projects and the possible impacts on rural society based on a case study of bioethanol production from cassava. In this study, East Lampung and North Lampung districts have been chosen for case study
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: BIOFUELS; MANIHOT ESCULENTA; CROP YIELD; FUEL CROPS; PARTNERSHIP; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93118

THE TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Martin E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14221

A PROTOCOL OR A SET OF STANDARDS TO GUIDE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Debertin,   David L.; Luzar,   E. Jane; Chambers,   Orlando D.
This article examines some difficult decisions that agricultural economists must confront in doing research. Over many years, rules and standards have developed in agricultural economics that guide researchers, providing an underlying framework for research methods. This article deals with applying these seldom discussed guidelines to specific research situations confronted by agricultural economists. With this article, we hope to stimulate a dialogue among agricultural economists about the need for additional, appropriate methodological guidelines in agricultural economics research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30934

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Food Insecurity in Low-Income Rural Areas, Eric Icart, University of Maryland Eastern Shore  New Shift in Food Distribution Orientation: The Proposition of Fresh Prepared Foods, John L. Park, Research Associate, Food Industry Management Program, Cornell University, 109 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801  Distribution Barriers Confronting Small-Volume Fruit and Vegetable Growers, John R. Brooker, David B. Eastwood, and Morgan D. Gray, Professors and Computer Analyst, Department of Agricultural Economics, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville  Impact of Industry Concentration on Small and Medium Produce Distributors, Roger Hinson and Meredith Dowdall, Louisiana State University  Location Determinants and Attraction-Retention-Expansion Factors of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27450

Strategic Policy Issues for Agricultural Research in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brinkman,   George L.
Agricultural research has been a very important factor in enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of the Canadian agri-food sector. Science and innovation have been identified as together forming one of the five pillars in the Canadian Agri-food Policy Framework (APF). A major focus of the science and innovation section of the APF is to plan to realign public and private research efforts into a more comprehensive strategic approach for research and innovation in Canada. Despite the importance of research and the need for a strategic approach, however, assessment of critical strategic research policy issues for the Canadian agri-food sector has been limited.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45744

ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON GMO MARKET SEGREGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miranowski,   John A.; Moschini,   GianCarlo; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Duffy,   Michael D.; Wisner,   Robert N.; Beghin,   John C.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Lence,   Sergio H.; Baumel,   C. Phillip; Harl,   Neil E.
Genetically modified organisms (GMO) crops have become increasingly popular with Iowa farmers over the past few years.  The current genetic modifications are focused on pest management technologies.  Although there were early efforts by environmental activists to disrupt the adoption of GMO technology, few concerns were raised by U.S. food retailers and consumers.  The primary concern was getting European Union (EU) regulatory approval for each GMO crop variety event as late as spring 1999.  The situation has changed dramatically in the last few months, and the current situation is highly uncertain.  This paper provides the economic perspective on the issues surrounding non-GMO/GMO market segregation, the potential price impacts that may materialize with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18232

PRIVATE R&amp;D INVESTMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN A PANEL OF FOOD MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carew,   Richard.
The paper presents production function estimates of human capital and business research and development knowledge for a panel of Canadian food manufacturing industries over the period 1993-2004. Our results show that physical and human capitals are major determinants of food manufacturing productivity. Business research and development (R&amp;D) was found not to be a major factor shaping food manufacturing productivity. This result is consistent with previous studies showing that not only is R&amp;D an important factor but engineering practices, information technologies, and equipment suppliers are a key ingredients shaping the technological landscape of food manufacturing. In addition, we tested the robustness of our food manufacturing sample results to a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34169

ECONOMIC RETURN TO PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13549

Economic impacts of soil fertility management research in West Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akinola,   Adebayo A.; Alene,   Arega D.; Adeyemo,   Remi; Sanogo,   Diakalia; Olanrewaju,   Adetunji S.
This paper assesses the potential economic impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technology options: BNMS-manure, which combines inorganic fertilizer and organic manure, and BNMS-rotation, which is maize–soybean rotation, in maize-based systems in the northern Guinea savanna areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Togo and Benin. The economic surplus analysis suggested that BNMS-manure research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 17 to 25% and a maximum adoption of 24 to 48%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively; and that BNMS-rotation research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 35 to 43% and a maximum adoption of 20 to 40%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively. Our results were consistent with earlier...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Balanced nutrient management systems; BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Economic surplus; Northern Guinea savanna; West Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56932

AN ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT STATION FUNDING DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.; Araji,   A.A.
The decision-making process by which academic departments within an experiment station allocate funds among commodities is examined. The decision to conduct research on some commodities and not on others introduces a problem of censored dependent variables. In order to overcome this problem, a simultaneous equations model with selectivity was used; it was applied to data from the Idaho Experiment Station. The results indicated a simultaneous relationship between research funding levels and expected benefits. Marginal products of one dollar in research investment were $53.80 for applied research, and $8.49 for maintenance research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32065

Front Materials
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Table of Contents, Editorial Information
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104625

PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN PROMOTING HIGH EXTERNAL-INPUT TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE SASKAWA GLOBAL 2000 EXPERIENCE IN ETHIOPIA AND MOZAMBIQUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.
Critics argue that high external input technologies are too costly for African farmers, and that pilot programs to promote them are economically unsustainable.  This paper assesses Sasakawa-Global 2000 programs in Ethiopia and Mozambique; budgets, yield models and subsector analysis help explain the radically different country results and prognoses for sustainable adoption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11515

Adoption of Transgenic Crops by Smallholder Farmers in Entre Rios, Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paredes,   Cecilia; Martin,   Marshall A.
This is a study of the adoption of transgenic crops by 120 smallholder farmers interviewed in July 2005 in the communities of San Jose de Feliciano and La Paz in the Entre Rios Province of Argentina. Logistic regression results indicate that access to a planter is essential for smallholders to adopt Bt corn, while adopters of Roundup Ready™ soybeans have larger farms, access to credit, availability of all essential machinery, more years of schooling, and are primarily located in the La Paz community.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transgenic crops; Technology adoption; Bt corn; Roundup Ready™ soybeans; Biotechnology; Argentina; Smallholders; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9996

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perrin,   Richard K.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29916

The U.S. Patent System and Developing Country Access to Biotechnology: Does the Balance Need Adjusting?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Michael R.; Cayford,   Jerry.
Many agricultural and food security experts believe that biotechnology has potential to assist developing country farmers in meeting current and future food needs. Most of the tools of biotechnology have been developed, however, by companies, governments, and universities in industrialized nations; are the subject of U.S. patents; and have so far been applied commercially to address the needs of large-scale growers in the United States and other developed countries. For commercial and other reasons, applications of biotechnology that might benefit developing country farmers are unlikely in the foreseeable future to be developed and disseminated through commercial channels. At the same time, noncommercial, public sector researchers report that their access...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: United States patents; Agricultural biotechnology; Developing countries; Food security; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34; Q16.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10872

Intel's XL Permit: A Framework for Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Mazurek,   Janice V.
The paper develops a framework to evaluate permits granted to firms under the Environmental Protection Agency's Project XL -- with emphasis on the novel air permit granted to the Intel Corporation. We describe the permit, the process that created it, and the types of costs and benefits likely to arise from this type of "facility-specific" regulatory arrangement. Among other things, the paper describes the permit's impact on environmental quality, production costs, transaction costs, and Intel's strategic market position. The paper also considers how an estimate of the costs and benefits -- both to Intel and society -- might be estimated. While facility-specific regulation typically conjures images of production cost savings as processes are re-engineered...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Project XL; Tailored regulation; Environmental regulation; Cost-benefit analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L51; Q28; L63; K32.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10666

Labeling Regulations and Segregation of First- and Second-Generation Genetically Modified Products: Innovation Incentives and Welfare Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo; Lapan,   Harvey E.
We review some of the most significant issues and results on the economic effects of genetically modified (GM) product innovation, with emphasis on the question of GM labeling and the need for costly segregation and identity preservation activities. The analysis is organized around an explicit model that can accommodate the features of both first-generation and second-generation GM products. The model accounts for the proprietary nature of GM innovations and for the critical role of consumer preferences vis-a-vis GM products, as well as for the impacts of segregation and identity preservation and the effects of a mandatory GM labeling regulation. We also investigate briefly a novel question in this setting, the choice of 'research direction' when both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Identity preservation; Labeling; Market failure; Product differentiation; Welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18535

MICROECONOMICS OF TECHNOLOGY AND THE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT MIX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Martin E.; Welsch,   Delane E.
In this chapter we demonstrate how the allocation of research resources among commodities and the effects of such allocations on the output mix depend upon (a) the initial production conditions, (b) the nature of the research production functions, (c) the nature of the demand relations for the commodity outputs, and (d) relative factor endowments. The basic model used is a two-factor, two-product model in which certain types of technical change are introduced.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13311

Private Labels in the Austrian Food Market: A Qualitative Forecast Using the Scenario Technique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meixner,   Oliver; Leitner,   Amina.
The Austrian food market may be characterized by high competitiveness, market saturation and the fact, that listing on the shelves of trade organizations’ outlets has become the imperative success factor for food producing companies. Never before has it been harder, there have never been more obstacles in reaching the point of sale - because the shelves in supermarket stores are full. The degree of concentration within the food trade sector has reached an all-time high: The three biggest supermarket chains in Austria account for more than 80% of all sales (business to consumer, B2C). Therefore, distribution of food to consumers lies in the hands of only a few organizations, which gives them huge negotiation power, which has provoked irritations in the past...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59177

Intellectual Property Rights and Their Impacts in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis of Maize Breeding in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leger,   Andreanne.
There is little empirical evidence concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) on a technologically advanced developing country. Complete enumeration of the Mexican maize breeding industry showed that, contrary to the hypothesis that IPR would provide, in a technologically advanced developing country, incentives for R&amp;D and innovation, IPR play no role for the industry in general, but that they are important for certain breeders' categories. The paper presents the theory on IPR and a short background on the Mexican maize breeding industry. The analysis of the interviews with maize breeders leads to the conclusion that the theory on IPR should be revised and take into account the characteristics of developing countries critical for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Developing Country; Empirical Evidence; Transaction costs; Mexico; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34; Q16; O31; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18835

Intelligent data analysis - support for development of SMEs sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grljevic,   Olivera; Bosnjak,   Sasa; Bosnjak,   Zita.
The paper studies possibilities of intelligent data analysis application for discovering knowledge hidden in small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) data, on the territory of the province of Vojvodina. The knowledge revealed by intelligent analysis, and not accessible by any other means, could be the valuable starting point for working out of proactive and preventive actions for the development of the SMEs sector.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Intelligent data analysis; CRISP-DM; Clustering; Small and medium enterprises.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; L2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94579

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FREEDOM TO OPERATE IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.; Nottenburg,   Carol; Binenbaum,   Eran; Zambrano,   Patricia.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16486

General Purpose Technology, Revolutionary Technology, and Technological Maturity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
An important inference of the theoretical literature on the development of general purpose technologies is that public investment in their development is necessary if economic growth is to be sustained. The theoretical results are broadly consistent with the empirical generalization that the public sector, particularly military and defense related research, technology development and procurement, has played an important role in the development of most of the general purpose technologies in which the United States is presently globally competitive. These sources are, however, unlikely to play such an important role in the development of new general purpose technologies in the immediate future. Nor is the private sector, burdened by impatient capital, likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6206

Is Investment in Agricultural Research a Good Substitute for Price Support in U.S. Cotton?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pan,   Suwen; Wang,   Changgang; Hudson,   Darren.
This article examines the effects of R&amp;D on cotton yield and relationship between R&amp;D and commodity support programs. The results indicate that yield elasticities with respect to cotton R&amp;D is around 0.2-0.5 based on different regions. It further indicates that R&amp;D increases government expenditures when both commodity programs and R&amp;D funding exist. However, if the future WTO Doha negotiations rules out the possibility of price support programs, increasing R&amp;D funding may provide one of the solutions for farmers to recover their income with 5-6 years lag.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cotton; R&amp;D; Commodity support programs; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61608

IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT LEGISLATION CONSTRAINING THE AGRIFOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTOR IN THE EUROPEAN UNION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gil-Delgado,   Maria De Los Reyes Corripio; Diez,   Maria Del Carmen Fernandez.
In this paper, we discuss the implications of the recent Intellectual Propriety Right (IPR) enforcement in the European Union (EU) as a potential factor affecting agrifood biotechnology industry stagnation. After presenting a theoretical framework justifying patents, we describe some controversial questions in the European patent protection related to: a) the distinction between discovery and invention and; b) the morality and ordre public exception to the patentability. Although we provide some evidence about the reduction in importance of agrifood activities compared to that of pharmaceutical areas of application, we conclude that differences between EU and other developed countries IPR legislations are not the principal regulatory controversial factor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28563

TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPACT ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN AGRO-FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esterhuizen,   Dirk; van Rooyen,   C.J.; Doyer,   Ockert T.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18066

Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shadlen,   Ken.
Global governance in intellectual property (IP) has changed dramatically in the last two decades, and these changes have profound - and worrying - implications for late development. What was once principally an instrument of national policy is now increasingly subject to international disciplines, as the world moves ever-closer to harmonization in the area of IP management. But moving toward harmonization and achieving harmonization are different matters, and it is essential to keep in mind that the former and not the latter describes contemporary arrangements: the trend is toward a reduction in policy space, a feature that many scholars and activists point to with great concern (Gallagher, 2005), but the outcome remains one where countries retain space...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15577

Analysis of Participatory Research Projects in the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lilja,   Nina K.; Bellon,   Mauricio R.
Through a survey of scientists from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in 2004, this study assessed the extent to which participatory methods had been used by the center, how they were perceived by the scientists, and how participatory research could be applied more effectively by CIMMYT and partners. Results for 19 CIMMYT projects suggest among other things that participatory approaches at the center were largely “functional”—that is, aimed at improving the efficiency and relevance of research—and had in fact added value to the research efforts. The authors suggest that CIMMYT should (1) create a more conducive environment for scientists to share experiences on such approaches and (2) better document their impacts on farmers’...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Research projects; Research methods; Quantitative analysis; Surveys; Statistics; Evaluation; Scientists; Research institutions; Mexico.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; E10; A50.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56099

Potential Biomass Yields in the South Central US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Basnet,   Arjun; Depona,   Theo; Hedges,   Wesley; Dicks,   Michael R.
This paper describes research to create a national database of switchgrass supply as part of the biomass program launched by the Department of Energy. The paper provides an estimate of county level switchgrass yield data for the state of Oklahoma. The estimates are made for the top five most productive and abundant soils for each county in Oklahoma. A simple approach of ratio calculation and estimation is used to predict the switchgrass yield of one soil type by comparing it with the yield of several other crops in another soil type. The data for switchgrass yield for a particular soil type are obtained from the state research experiment stations. The yields for other crops for the top five soils are obtained from the NASS data sources. Switchgrass supply...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Switchgrass; Ratio Estimation; South Central; Oklahoma; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98792

The timing of evaluation of genebank accessions and the effects of biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Wright,   Brian D.
The lack of ex-ante evaluation of germplasm in genebanks has been the single most prevalent and long-standing complaint of plant breeders about the management of genebanks. Advances in biotechnology offer the possibility of faster, cheaper, and more efficient evaluation methodologies. Will these new technologies favor ex-post evaluation, as some expect, or will it lead to more ex-ante evaluation? Will it also lead to earlier development of varieties with disease resistance traits in anticipation of actual infestations? Will the prospect of further advances in biotechnology favor delay of evaluation and development? This paper addresses these questions in the case of evaluation of germplasm for resistance to a disease.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gene banks; Plant; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97514

Gender, Food Security and Livelihoods: The Case of Plan Ghana And Sissala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
The study was used by Plan International to formulate a common Nutrition Action Plan for its food and nutrition security interventions in developing countries. The aim was to get insight into the food and nutrition security as well as livelihoods status at the household and community level of the people of Sissala. Specifically the study focused on the contribution made by Plan interventions to improve livelihoods, the food and nutrition security of households and communities, the impact on gender and to identify indicators for monitoring and evaluation. The survey was carried out in three centrally placed communities selected to ensure an even coverage of Plan Ghana activities in the Sissala West District of Ghana. Data was collected at community and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Ghana; Livelihoods; Nutrition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52180

The Relationship Between the Economic Surplus and Production Function Approaches for Estimating Ex-Post Returns to Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.
The objective of this paper is to develop the conceptual linkage between the production function and economic surplus approaches used to evaluate the returns to agricultural research. First it is established that, for the Cobb-Douglas functional form generally used, an increase in research expenditure will result in a pivotal divergent shift in the supply function. It is then shown that the measure of this change in economic surplus is approximately the same as the value marginal product. Finally it is concluded that if the other possible types of supply shifts, that is, proportional divergent, parallel or convergent, are appropriate, then the production function approach will under-estimate the benefits and therefore rate of return to research expenditure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12425

Complex assessment of poverty using composite indicator
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pacakova,   Zuzana; Hlavsa,   Tomas.
The article deals with measuring poverty whereas poverty is considered to be a multidimensional phenomenon and is represented by various dimensions. It aims to propose a methodical instrument for complex evaluation of poverty and the differences in poverty among the EU Member States. This instrument is also appropriate for regional comparison among the regions of Czech Republic. Methodical instrument on the basis of composite indicator has been suggested and it has been verified on selected poverty indicators. Using the composite indicator the development of the EU countries in the period 2004 – 2009 is described. While Denmark, Netherlands and Luxembourg made a huge improvement between the two years, the smallest progress was accomplished in Latvia,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Material deprivation; Multivariate methods; Composite indicator; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109741

A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON UNDERINVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roseboom,   Johannes.
During the past 40 years, the returns to agricultural R&amp;D have been on average in the range of 40-60% (Alston, et al 2000, Evenson 2001). Many agricultural economists see this high average as convincing evidence that there is significant underinvestment in public agricultural R&amp;D (Ruttan 1980, Pinstrup-Andersen 2001).   This paper sheds new light on the underinvestment hypothesis by introducing a simple model of the selection of R&amp;D projects and confronting it with the rate-of-return evidence accumulated over the years worldwide. The model assumes that the distribution of all possible R&amp;D projects on an expected rate-of-return (ERR) scale declines asymptotically. Under the neoclassical conditions of full information and profit maximization,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural R&amp;D; Underinvestment; Rate of return; Research intensities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19648

Perception de la Dégradation des Terres et Adoption des Technologies de Conservation des Eaux et des Sols au Nord du Burkina Faso : le cas du Zaï et des Cordons Pierreux
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinane,   Modeste  L.; Kone,   Michel; Sidibe,   Amadou.
This study is based on data collected from 141 family-type farms in the Yatenga province in Burkina Faso. A probit approach is used to analyze the effect of perception of land degradation and other factors on the adoption of zaï and stone rows. The results of the estimation show that the availability of organic matter from small ruminants is determinant for the adoption of both zaï and stone rows. Although most of farmers are aware of the causes and consequences of land degradation, this factor does not significantly impact on farmers’ decision to invest in SWC measures. Opportunities do exist for making more efficient use of local sources of nutrients, such as small ruminants’ organic matter in combination with locally accepted SWC measures. This may...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Stone rows; Zai; Yatenga; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52192

ROLE OF INNOVATIONS AND KNOWLEDGE – INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nabradi,   Andras.
There is a well known saying: Research converts money into knowledge, innovation converts knowledge into money. The knowledge-based economy has four pillars: innovation, education, the economic and institutional regime, and information infrastructure. Transformation towards a knowledge-based economy will necessarily shift the proportion and growth of national income derived from knowledge-based industries, the percentage of the workforce employed in knowledge-based jobs and the ratio of firms using technology to innovate. Progress towards a knowledge-based economy will be driven by four elements: human capital development, knowledge generation and exploitation (R&amp;D), knowledge infrastructure. Increased investment in these four areas will certainly have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Knowledge; Infrastructure; Institutions; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91123

Relationship between Economic Development Level and Environmental Quality in Qinghai Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Qinglin; Mao,   Wei; Peng,   Ying.
Environmental and economic data in the years 1986-2006 in Qinghai Province of China are selected. Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, models of per capita GDP and four environmental indices are established by SPSS software. Economic development level and environmental quality of Qinghai Province are simulated. Research shows that relationship between economy and environment of Qinghai Province does not completely accord with U-shaped Pattern of EKC. Fitting curve of the emission of industrial wastewater shows positive "U"-type, that of waste gas shows the right half of the U curve, and that of SO2 and solid waste shows a "U + weak inverted U"-shaped curve. Result also indicates that water environment and air pollution of Qinghai Province are...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: EKC; Economic development; Environmental quality; Qinghai Province; China; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56348

BUSINESS FUNCTIONS APPROACH TO INNOVATIVE AND NON-INNOVATIVE BUSINESS COMPARISON IN LATVIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilkevics, Sergejs; Stefenberga, Dace.
State system of innovative business support was created in Latvia during last years and the first conclusions about the efficiency of this system can be made at present time. To evaluate the efficiency of innovative business support system it is necessary to compare in some way innovative and non-innovative companies. The main task of this article is to provide the frame for innovative and non-innovative business comparison and describe on the base of this frame the main differences between innovative and non-innovative companies in Latvia at present time. The main result of investigation is the conclusion that at present time innovative business has certain advantages for development in Latvia, especially in regions, because the main weak point of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovative business; Business functions; Regional economic development; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92339

The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497

The impact of Access to Credit and Training on Technological Adoption: A Case of the Rice Sector in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nakano,   Yuko; Kajisa,   Kei.
Using an extensive household-level data set collected in Tanzania, this paper investigates the determinants of the technological adoption of rice cultivation and of paddy yield. We especially focus on the impact of credit and training on the adoption of modern technologies. Based on empirical results, we argue that modern inputs and improved practices of rice cultivation enhance the increase in paddy yield. We also argue that the impact of credit and training on the adoption of modern technologies can differ for different technologies. If the adoption of a specific technology does not require a large amount of cash, knowledge given by training is sufficient to enhance adoption. On the other hand, those who can access credit or self-finance can adopt...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technological Adoption; Green Revolution; Sub-Saharan Africa; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O12; O13; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103763

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPPING IN HUNGARY: SOME PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pataki,   Bela; Szalkai,   Zsuzsanna; Biro-Szigeti,   Szilvia.
Technology roadmapping (TRM) is a technique for exploring the evolution of markets, products, technologies, and their linkages. During our Hungarian TRM-applications we found important a clear business need; senior level ownership; effective communication; information and knowledge sharing; spending considerable time at the beginning; preferring less frequent but longer workshops than more frequent shorter ones; involving all related functions, active participation of senior managers; having a TRM-champion inside the company; a case-study-based training to teach TRM; and calling TRM a different name at the beginning
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Technology roadmapping; Technology management; Technology strategy; Business strategy; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D20; L20; M10; UDC: 005.3; 005.5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92349

Human Resources Management, Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Learning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baldini,   Krista Kamborian.
This Brief reports the results of a study that explored the role of human resources policies and practices in fostering knowledge sharing and organizational learning. The study examined six centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and six organizations that are considered to be leaders in the field of knowledge sharing and organizational learning. Five of these were public or non-governmental and the sixth was a private corporation. All the organizations studied (including the CGIAR centres) are promoting knowledge sharing and organizational learning to some extent, generally in the context of broader organizational change. Some have comprehensive, integrated approaches to organizational change, but most efforts tend...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: CGIAR; Knowledge; Sharing; Learning; HR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52520

Staying in Touch through Extension: An Analysis of Farmers’ Use of Alternative Extension Information Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Lauren E.; Diekmann,   Florian; Batte,   Marvin T.
The U.S. farming industry is evolving quickly. It is therefore important that state Extension services be prepared to evolve as well. This study uses data collected in a 2007 survey of Ohio farmers to evaluate likelihood and frequency of use of various services offered by Extension as well as overall satisfaction with Extension services. Results indicate that tailoring of topics and communication methods to type of farm and/or farmer informational needs could improve the use of Extension resources. This implies that targeting of information products and methods may improve the performance of Extension education programs and customer satisfaction.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Communication methods; Double hurdle model; Extension information demand; Extension satisfaction; Value of information; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q10; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90669

Risk Perceptions, Social Interactions and the Influence of Information on Social Attitudes to Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Hu,   Wuyang.
We assess Canadian’s risk perceptions for genetically modified (GM) food and probe influences of socio-economic, demographic and other factors impinging on these perceptions.  An internet-administered questionnaire with two stated choice split-sample experiments that approximate market choices of individual grocery shoppers is applied to elicit purchase behavior from 882 respondents across Canada. Data are collected to assess the influence on respondents’ choices for a specific food product (bread) of 1) product information which varies in content and by source and 2) information provided through labeling.  These data also enable: a) analysis of trade-offs made by consumers between possible risks associated with GM ingredients and potential health or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24052

Inadequacies in the water reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic: an institutional analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Starkloff,   Ralf; Nizamedinkhodjayeva,   Nargiza.
This report analyzes the evolving water-management institutions and their performance of five core water management functions, in the context of the ongoing economic and agrarian reform in the Kyrgyz Republic. These core water-management functions are, operation of water systems, maintenance, resource mobilization, conflict resolution and organizational management. The report also identifies key issues and challenges that constrain effective stakeholder participation in water-resources management.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Analysis; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water users’ associations; Research methods; Agrarian reform; Irrigation programs; Operations; Maintenance; Conflict; Rivers; Kyrgyzstan; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53066

Une approche stratégique pour la planification du programme de recherche agricole en Afrique sub-saharienne
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Oehmke,   James F.; Shaffer,   James D.; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 6.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11384

Why Don't Lenders Finance High-Return Technological Change in Developing-Country Agriculture?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Most of the literature attributes credit constraints in small-farm developing-country agriculture to the variability of returns to investment in this sector. But the literature does not fully explain lenders. reluctance to finance investments in technologies that provide both higher average and less variable returns. To fill this gap, this article develops an information-theoretic credit market model with endogenous technology choice. The model demonstrates that lenders may refuse to finance any investment in a riskless high-return technology--regardless of the interest rate they are offered--when they are imperfectly informed about loan applicants, time preferences and, therefore, about their propensities to default intentionally in order to finance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Asymmetric information; Credit; Developing country; Technology adoption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O12; O16; O33; Q14; D82.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10886

IMPENDING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CALIFORNIA ICEBERG LETTUCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaffner,   David J.; Ahern,   James.
The authors present a "model" reflecting a more capital-intensive labor-saving handling/harvesting system.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27547

MAURITANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Lo,   Abdoulaye; Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in public agricultural research in Mauritania since the early 1990s using new data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR–CORAF/WECARD 2002–03).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16190

ASSESSING AND ATTRIBUTING THE BENEFITS FROM VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH: EVIDENCE FROM EMBRAPA, BRAZIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Vosti,   Stephen A.
In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&amp;D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&amp;D spending, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&amp;D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16103

EU Enlargement and Technology Transfer to New Member States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
The European Union (EU) accomplished its biggest enlargement process in 2004 in terms of the number of countries, area, and population. This study focuses on the impact of enlargement, the resulting technology transfer on the grain sectors of the New Member States (NMS), and the consequent welfare implications. The study finds that EU enlargement has important implications for the EU and the NMS, but its impact on the world grain markets is minimal. The results show that producers in the NMS gain from accession because of higher prices, whereas consumers in most NMS face a welfare loss. Incorporating technology transfer into the accession increases the welfare gain of producers despite falling prices because of the larger supply shift. The loss of welfare...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Technology transfer; Welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18591

ON THE NONNEUTRALITY OF NEUTRAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rodgers,   John.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14029

Biotechnology: Opportunities and Adjustments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florkowski,   Wojciech J.; Hill,   Lowell D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59889

CONVERGENCE IN U.S. TFP GROWTH FOR AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF INTERSTATE RESEARCH SPILLOVERS FOR FUNDING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCunn,   Alan; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper examines state agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950-1982, for evidence of convergence, i.e., TFP growth rates of the future are inversely related to the TFP level at the starting data.  After finding evidence of convergence, the paper examines the contributions of public and private R&amp;D to convergence and presents implications for a more efficient organization of public agricultural research.  For example, we find that increasing a states own investment in public agricultural research reduces the rate of TFP convergence but larger public investments in surrounding areas that potentially spillin increase the rate of convergence.  Also, the results imply that the average rate of convergence in our best fitting model is about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Total factor productivity; States; Spillins; Growth; Public research; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18266

Editorial - Innovations in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1954
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8747

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE PLANT/SEED INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Dhar,   Tirtha Pratim.
We develop a theoretical model of strategic firm behavior in seeking property rights given multiple property regimes. Our model suggests probability of the loss of trade secrets and revelations through patent applications does play a significant role in the choice of property rights by plant firms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20080

Measuring Irrigation Water Efficiency with a Stochastic Production Frontier: An Application for Citrus Producing Farms in Tunisia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhehibi,   Boubaker; Lachaal,   Lassaad; Elloumi,   Mohamed; Messaoud,   Emna B.
The objective of this paper is to propose an alternative measure of irrigation water efficiency based on the concept of input- specific technical efficiency, which contracts with measures previously used in the literature. The proposed methodology is applied to a randomly selected sample of 144 citrus growing farms located in Nabeul (Tunisia). A stochastic production frontier approach, based on Battese and Coelli’s (1995) inefficiency effect model, is used to obtain farm-specific estimates of technical and irrigation water efficiency. In addition, a second-stage regression approach is used to identify the factors influencing irrigation water efficiency differentials across citrus growing farms. Results indicate that technical efficiency ranges from a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Citrus; Efficiency; Tunisia; Water; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52166

ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF BT CORN: A MULTI-STATE COMPARISON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyde,   Jeffrey; Martin,   Marshall A.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Edwards,   C. Richard; Dobbins,   Craig L.
Bt corn offers a powerful tool to control European corn borers and some other pests.  Because pest infestations and farming practices differ across the Corn Belt, economic benefits also differ.  This research estimates the value of Bt corn across the Corn Belt. Results identify areas where Bt adoption is economically justified.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21840

INTRA- AND INTER-STATE TRANSFERABILITY OF SOYBEAN VARIETY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Steven A.; Eddleman,   Bobby R.
An example of agricultural researching technology transfer and implications for the fiscal coordination and conduct of agricultural research programs is presented.  Uniform Soybean Tests conducted in four Southern States are used to estimate the potential for transferability of soybean variety research among homogeneous sub-areas.  The results indicate a high degree of transferability among the sub-areas.  Coordinated management of soybean variety research could potentially provide more effective expenditure of soybean breeding research investments.  Additionally, the concept or research transferability is not limited to soybeans or soybean variety research.  Increased coordination of agricultural research investments by individual states may enhance...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29793

Sustaining surface and groundwater resources; Proceedings of the Internatinal Workshop on Conjunctive Water Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture in South Asia, April 16-17, 2002 Lahore, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Conjunctive use; Surface water; Groundwater; Models; Crop production; Water requirements; Water balance; Water table; Sustainable agriculture; Environmental sustainability; Supplementary irrigation; Water quality; Rain; Pumping; Salinity control; Remote sensing; GIS; Water scarcity; Farm income; Institutional development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118417

THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNOLOGY TO MEET WORLD FOOD NEEDS IN 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oram,   Peter A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16330

Ethanol and a Changing Agricultural Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malcolm,   Scott A.; Aillery,   Marcel P.; Weinberg,   Marca.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 established specific targets for the production of biofuel in the United States. Until advanced technologies become commercially viable, meeting these targets will increase demand for traditional agricultural commodities used to produce ethanol, resulting in land-use, production, and price changes throughout the farm sector. This report summarizes the estimated effects of meeting the EISA targets for 2015 on regional agricultural production and the environment. Meeting EISA targets for ethanol production is estimated to expand U.S. cropped acreage by nearly 5 million acres by 2015, an increase of 1.6 percent over what would otherwise be expected. Much of the growth comes from corn acreage, which...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn ethanol; Regional crop mix; Regional environmental effects; Water quality; Water use; Cellulosic ethanol; Crop residues; Livestock; Regional Environment and Agriculture Programming (REAP) Model; Renewable fuel standard; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55671

Maize in India: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Joshi,   P.K.; Singh,   N.P.; Singh,   N.N.; Gerpacio,   Roberta V.; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7646

Impact of ICARDA Research on Australian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Aw-Hassan,   Aden; Quade,   Kathryn J.; Nordblom,   Thomas L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28012

The impact of the wine industry on hotels and restaurants in Walla Walla
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Storchmann,   Karl.
Walla Walla enjoys the fastest growing wine industry in the State of Washington, if not in the whole U.S. This paper examines the impact of this extraordinary growth on the revenue of regional hotels and restaurants. Employing a dynamic quarterly panel model at the county level we show that the regional reputation as high quality wine county, as expressed by critical wine points in the national wine press, has a significant effect on the tourism industry. Less than 17% of all restaurant and approximately 40% of all hotel revenue is tied to the wine cluster (2007). However, regional reputation is short-living and needs to be constantly re-earned.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine quality; Wine tourism; Regional development; Dynamic panel; Regional economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37358

SEARCH STRATEGIES AND THE VALUE OF A LARGE COLLECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollin,   Douglas; Smale,   Melinda; Skovmand,   Bent.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16481

MASTER TRAINING IN AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karpati,   Laszlo.
The main objective of the AHEAD project is to establish new BSc and MSc programmes in Croatia at two Faculties of the University of Zagreb. These are as follows: Agricultural and Rural Development, Food Safety and Quality Management and pilot MSc training in Agribusiness and Rural Development. These are preceded by faculty retraining programmes in food safety and quality management, as well as agribusiness and commerce within the framework of a MBA programme accredited by the International MBA Network. The professional content of the project is a modernised curriculum and training palette that would be available by the end of this project at the University of Zagreb, serving not only the higher education of the country, but the demand of the Croatian...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Curriculum Development; Agribusiness; Food Safety; Quality; Croatia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43583

How do GM / non GM coexistence regulations affect markets and welfare?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Desquilbet,   Marion; Poret,   Sylvaine.
This paper presents a theoretical economic model assessing the effect of the level of mandatory genetically modified (GM) / non-GM coexistence regulations on market and welfare outcome. We assume vertical differentiation of GM and non-GM goods on the consumer side. Producers are heterogeneous in their cost savings from GMO adoption. Producers of non-GM crops face a probability of having their harvest downgraded if gene flow from GM fields makes its GMO content above the labeling threshold. The government may impose to GMO producers mandatory ex ante isolation distances from non-GM fields in order to decrease the probability of non-GM harvest downgrading. It may also introduce an ex post compensation to non-GMO farmers for profit losses due to harvest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Coexistence; Identity preservation; Regulation; Liability; Vertical differentiation; Law and economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114757

GOVERNMENT PATENTING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; King,   John L.
Intellectual property rights such as patents protect new inventions from imitation and competition. Patents' major objective is to provide incentives for invention, sacrificing short-term market efficiency for long-term economic gains. Although patents are primarily granted to private firms, policy changes over the last 25 years have resulted in greater use of patenting by the public sector. This study examines government patenting behavior by analyzing case studies of patenting and licensing by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. ARS uses patenting and licensing as a means of technology transfer in cases in which a technology requires additional development by a private sector partner to yield a marketable...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Patents; Licenses; Intellectual property rights; Technology transfer; Agricultural Research Service; Agricultural research and development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33597

Farming Systems Research (FSR) in Honduras, 1977-81: A Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galt,   Daniel; Diaz,   Alvaro; Contreras,   Mario; Peairs,   Frank; Posner,   Joshua; Rosales,   Franklin.
This paper presents an assessment of the problems and achievements in introducing farming systems research in the national agricultural research system in Honduras.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Honduras; Farming systems research; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008 - June 2009: 14; Q18.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54771

A SIMPLE MODEL OF VOLUNTARY VS MANDATORY LABELLING OF GMOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirchhoff,   Stefanie; Zago,   Angelo M.
We consider the welfare impact of the mandatory and voluntary labelling to inform consumers on GMOs content in foods.  With a model of vertical differentiation in competitive markets, we evaluate the effects on price equilibrium and welfare levels.  We find that the mandatory labelling scheme would be optimal in those countries with more GMO-averse consumers and no-GMOs practices producers.  Voluntary labelling would instead optimally be chosen in those countries where producers are using GMOs and consumers are more concerned about the costs savings resulting in this technology adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20540

Editorial - Science in Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1948
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9041

Private Research and Public Goods: Implications of Biotechnology for Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raney,   Terri; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
The pattern of crop genetic diversity has changed over the past two centuries with the modernization of agriculture, accelerating with the advent of the green revolution. Since the green revolution, the locus of agricultural research has shifted from the public to the private sector. The growing importance of the private sector in agricultural R&amp;D is changing the types of crop technologies that are developed and the ways they are delivered to farmers. The spread of transgenic crops will influence crop genetic diversity, but their implications for the availability of plant genetic resources and the resilience of agricultural ecosystems are not entirely clear. Transgenic crops may increase or decrease crop genetic diversity, depending on how they are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biotechnology; Agricultural Research; Transgenic Crops; Green Revolution.; O13; O33; Q16; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23805

FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY -- AN ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE SECTOR ROLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker,   Harold S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27477

Social Learning and Parameter Uncertainty in Irreversible Investment----Evidence from Greenhouse Adoption in Northern China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Honglin; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper introduces social learning into irreversible investment theory through parameter uncertainty, and shows that social learning could reduce parameter uncertainty to facilitate irreversible investment technology adoption. The theoretic model is tested by using household level data from energy saving greenhouse adoption in northern China, and empirical evidences are consistent with the theory: social learning has significantly positive impacts on greenhouse adoption, while market volatility discourages the adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social Learning; Technology Adoption; Irreversible Investment; Parameter Uncertainty; Energy Saving Greenhouse; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O12; O31; C61; D83; G12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6310

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH DEFLATORS: 1890-1985
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Craig,   Barbara J.; Hallaway,   Michelle L.
Using newly developed time series on U.S. public sector agricultural research expenditures, two new deflators for agricultural research are constructed.  These deflators differ from others currently used in the literature in that factor level price indices are weighted with time varying weights which capture the shifting factor mix of research spending by the state agricultural experiment stations (SAES).  The substantial differences in measuring real resource allocation to agricultural research using these deflators and alternatives found in the literature, including that used by the National Science Foundation to report official R&amp;D statistics, are demonstrated.  In addition, the factor level expenditure series are used to contrast measurement of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13675

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bruck,   Gregory; Grazhdaninova,   Margarita; Lerman,   Zvi; Uzun,   Vasilii.
For decades, Russian agriculture had had little technological progress and virtually no foreign investment, which resulted in a stable production possibilities frontier and made the sector ideally suited to production function analysis. The production function estimations reported in Chapters 10-13 add to a series of previous studies of the input/output relationship in Russian agriculture (e.g., Clayton, 1980, 1984; Gray, 1981; Johnson and Brooks, 1983), which generally followed the same methodology. In the late 1970s and the 1980s, however, the average response production functions gave way in the economics literature to more sophisticated production analysis techniques that measured not only productivity but technical efficiency as well (Aigner, et al.,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7182

Animal Biotechnology: Public Policy and Perception (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez,   Michael.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33361

Yield Information Needed for the Analysis of Crop Improvement Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dalrymple,   Dana G.
The purpose of developing new crop technology is generally to increase yields per unit of land and to reduce costs per unit of product. A rather elaborate' methodology has been developed to measure the rates of return from such investments, principally involving ex post analysis. Improvements to this methodology are continually being suggested.1/ Yet much of this sophisticated methodology is built on a rather limited statistical base--particularly when it comes to the actual measurement of the effect of the technology on yields. Some of these yield measurement problems, such as the difficulties in isolating the yield effect of a specific technology when it is part of a package of interacting technologies, have long been recognized. The influence of weather...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49062

Plant Variety Rights in Australia: Some Economic Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Godden,   David P.
The Australian Government tabled a Bill concerning Plant Variety Rights in May 1981. This Bill would, if enacted, establish property rights in new plant varieties. Plant Variety Rights legislation has been adopted in more than twenty countries. A range of economic issues relevant to the adoption of Plant Variety Rights legislation in Australia is considered in this paper, including assessments of some of the arguments of proponents and opponents of the proposed legislation. It is concluded that differences in the physical, economic, political and institutional environments in Australia mean that the claimed effects of Plant Variety Rights in other countries may not necessarily be repeated in Australia if this legislation were enacted here.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12291

ARE THERE SYNERGIES OR TRADEOFFS BETWEEN ARTICLES AND PATENTS IN UNIVERSITY AG-BIOTECH RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Kwansoo; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Barham,   Bradford L.
This paper examines the empirical evidence for synergies or tradeoffs associated with the rapid rise of ag-biotech patenting at Land Grant Universities by examining the question of whether journal articles and patents appear to be complementary or competing activities in agricultural biotechnology research.  The results show many synergies and none of the expected tradeoffs between the basic research represented in journal articles and the commercial proprietary research represented in patents.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19649

Dual Technological Development in Botswana Agriculture - A Stochastic Input Distance Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Irz,   Xavier T.; Hadley,   David.
To improve the welfare of the rural poor and keep them in the countryside, the government has been spending 40% of the value of agricultural GDP on agricultural support services. But can investment make smallholder agriculture prosperous in such adverse conditions? This paper derives an answer by applying a two-output six-input stochastic translog distance function, with inefficiency effects and biased technical change to panel data for the 18 districts and the commercial sector, from 1979 to 1996. This model demonstrates that herds are the most important input, followed by draft power, land and seeds. Multilateral indices for technical change, technical efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) show that the technology level of the commercial sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25899

TRANSACTION COSTS, FADS, AND POLITICALLY MOTIVATED MISDIRECTION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
This paper examines efficiency implications of national and local policies for fund allocation and management of agricultural research, which produce pure and impure public goods.  The possibility is examined that competitive grants programs increase rent seeking activities by scientists relative to specific block grants or formula allocations and thereby reduce both the real resources available to produce traditional research outputs and the productivity with which research resources are used.  Management of local research units, including advantages of incentive compatible contracts, is also considered.  Additional conceptual and empirical work are needed before the issues are resolved.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18240

ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR A NEW TECHNOLOGY: BT COTTON AND INSECTICIDE POLICIES IN THE SOUTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hubbell,   Bryan J.; Marra,   Michele C.; Carlson,   Gerald A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26016

The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A Model for Strengthening National Agricultural Research Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
This report reviews the impacts of the Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET), organized by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with funding from the Asian Development Bank to strengthen the capacity of public maize research institutions in China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to produce high-yielding, disease resistant, stress tolerant maize cultivars. It was found that, during its lifetime (1998-2005), AMBIONET clearly benefited researchers and institutions in participating countries, as well as CIMMYT. In addition, there was good progress toward developing improved cultivars. Asian farmers are just beginning to gain from the work, but their future benefits will likely pay for AMBIONET’s relatively...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Breeding methods; Research methods; Disease resistance; Yield increases; Research institutions; China; India; Indonesia; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam; Asia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F30; F01.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56103

BIODIVERSITY VERSUS TRANSGENIC SUGAR BEET: THE ONE EURO QUESTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Wesseler,   Justus; Tollens,   Eric.
The decision of whether to release transgenic crops in the EU is one subject to flexibility, uncertainty, and irreversibility.  We analyse the case of herbicide tolerant sugar beet and reassess whether the 1998 de facto moratorium of the EU on transgenic crops for sugar beet was correct from a cost-benefit perspective using a real option approach.  We show that the decision was correct, if households value possible annual irreversible costs of herbicide tolerant sugar beet with about 1 E or more on average.  On the other hand, the total net private reversible benefits forgone if the de facto moratorium is not lifted are in the order of 169 Mio E per year.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31859

The Pace of Technology Transfer in Anticipation of Joint Venture Breakup
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Long,   Ngo; Soubeyran,   Antoine; Soubeyran,   Raphael.
This paper studies the properties of joint-venture relationship between a technologically advanced multinational firm and a local firm operating in a developing economy where the ability to enforce contracts is weak. We formulate a dynamic model of principal-agent relationship in which at any point of time the local firm can quit without legal penalties. An early breakup may be prevented if the multinational designs a suitable scheme in which both the pace and aggregate amount of technology transfer deviate from the first-best, and a suitable flow of side payments to encourage the local firm to stay longer.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology Transfer; Joint Venture; Developing Economies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55329

Risk aversion and sustainable maize production in Nigeria: Some challenges and prospects for agricultural and economic development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olarinde,   Luke O.; Manyong,   Victor M.
This paper determines the degree or extent of farmer’s risk aversion that affects sustainable maize production in Northern Nigeria. Using a ridge regression analysis, a measure of risk aversion was derived for each individual farmer in a model of safety-first behaviour from a cross-sectional survey of 350 maize producers in northern Nigeria. The distribution of the degree of risk aversion shows a high skewness towards the risk averters (high risk farmers) and centered around 1.20, and standard deviation of 0.37. This distribution is then explained by a set of specific variables that characterize the farmers’ behaviour in the study area using a Tobit model. Susceptibility to risk was found to be highly premised on the socioeconomic factors (e.g. age of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Nigeria; Risk aversion; Tobit model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52080

DIFFUSION OF BT COTTON AND INSECTICIDE USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frisvold,   George B.
This study estimated a dynamic logistic model to explain the diffusion Bt cotton in the United States. Regional differences in the speed and extent of Bt cotton adoption were explained by differences in availability of Bt seed adapted to local conditions, potential seed supplier profits, and economic variables affecting grower gains from adoption. The study also estimated the impact of Bt cotton on insecticide use, controlling for differences in pest infestations and prices and correcting for the endogeneity of the Bt adoption decision. Bt cotton significantly reduced insecticide applications to control target pests – cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, and pink bollworm. Bt cotton has led to an overall reduction in these applications per total US cotton...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36223

Judgment and Analysis on the Success &amp; Failure of Modern Sericultural Industry Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Daigang.
Firstly, the basic core of judgment and analysis on the success and failure of modern sericultural industry development is introduced. The cocoon silk is the original reference to judge the success and failure of modern sericultural industry development. And the cocoon weight of per unit mulberry is the core index to judge the comprehensive production efficiency and the success or failure of sericultural industry, while the consistence between characteristics of decision index and production technology is the main way to judge the success or failure of sericultural industry. Secondly, the new characteristics of modern sericultural industry development and change have been analyzed. The primitive consciousness and basic goal of modern sericultural industry...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Sericulture industry; Development decision; Index system; Values; China; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54028

Analysis for biotechnology innovations using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanacre,   Nicholas A.; Gaskell,   Joanne; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Quemada,   Hector; Halsey,   Mark; Birner,   Regina.
Meeting the food needs of the world’s growing population while reducing poverty and protecting the environment is a major global challenge. Genetically modified crops appear to provide a promising option to deal with this challenge. However there is a need to make strategic decisions on how to spend limited agricultural research funds in order to achieve a maximum impact with regard to finding sustainable solutions to end hunger and poverty. In international development institutions, there is growing interest in the potential use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part of a research based Environmental Management System (EMS) to promote mainstreaming of environmental considerations in policy development. SEA was developed as an approach to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Strategic Environmental Assessment; Genetically Modified; GMO; LMO; Living Modified Organisms; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58584

Summary of the Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
This report provides an overview of the Functional Food and Nutraceuticals (FFN) survey. The FFN survey was conducted by Statistics Canada on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The objective of the survey was to produce new statistical information on the functional food and nutraceutical sector and a profile of firms engaged in functional and/or nutraceutical-related activities in Canada.  It begins with a look at the structure of the Canadian FFN industry, then reviews the labour and capital inputs, the business relationships and intellectual property rights and ends with the impact of regulations in the Canadian FNN industry. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize the information and to provide baseline...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52703

Pedaling out of poverty:  Social impact of a manual irrigation technology in South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Alam,   Mahmudul; Kumar,   M. Dinesh; Nagar,   Rashmi K.; Singh,   Mahendra.
An assessment of the social impact of treadle pump technology for manual irrigation in eastern India, the Nepal Terai, and Bangladesh, South Asia's so-called "poverty square." Treadle pump technology can be a powerful tool for poverty reduction in this region. It "self-selects" the poor, and puts to productive use the region's vast surplus family labor. It is claimed that the treadle pump could raise the annual net household income by US$100, on the average.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Treadle pump; Treadle pump technology; Technology transfer; Manual pumps; Water lifting; Low lift pumps; Aquifers; Poverty; Irrigated farming; Social impact; Income; Marketing; Pricing; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44571

The Role of the Private Sector in Transferring Hybrid Corn Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Echeverria,   Ruben G.
It is widely accepted that new technology is an important source of agricultural growth. Developing countries have tried a variety of policies to accelerate the development and diffusion of new technology. These policies include: (1) government investment in agricultural research and extension, (2) tax breaks and other incentives to private companies that conduct agricultural research, and (3) incentives to transfer new technology developed outside the country. At the same time, many countries have other policies that reduce the incentive of private companies to do research or transfer technology. These include restrictions on importing technology and importing research inputs, restrictions on which companies are allowed to do research, and regulations...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50026

MARKET AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS TO ENHANCE TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE: THE MALIAN EXPERIENCE (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dembele,   Niama Nango.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33000

The Effects of Biotechnology Policy on Trade and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Despite the clear influence of European Union biotechnology restrictions on trade patterns, very little work has been done to model these influences or their long-run effects. This paper presents an economic trade theory model of biotechnology, biotechnology research and development (R&amp;D), and biotechnology regulation. The model analyzes the impact of European Union consumer preferences on production and consumption of biotechnology products, the level and national origin of biotechnology R&amp;D, trade patterns, and growth. The results indicate that developing countries may become the major producers of biotechnology agricultural products if they can establish the necessary legal infrastructure; and that European biotechnology regulations effectively...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Economic growth; International trade; Regulation; Research and development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23872

Profits and Politics: Coordinating Technology Adoption in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pande,   Rohini.
This paper examines the political economy of coordination in a simple two-sector model in which individuals' choice of agricultural technology affects industrialization. We demonstrate the existence of multiple equilibria; the economy is either characterized by the use of a traditional agricultural technology and a low level of industrialization or the use of a mechanized technology and a high level of industrialization. Relative to the traditional technology, the mechanized technology increases output but leaves some population groups worse off. We show that the distributional implications of choosing the mechanized technology restrict the possibility of Pareto-improving coordination by an elected policy-maker, even when we allow for income redistribution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrialization; Choice of technology; Government policy; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O14; H10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28383

WASPA Asia: wastewater agriculture and sanitation for poverty alleviation in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wastewater irrigation; Health hazards; Poverty; Sanitation; Development projects; Asia; Kolkata; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91467

PUBLIC BASIC RESEARCH AND DIFFUSION OF RESEARCH BENEFITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malla,   Stavroula; Gray,   Richard S.
The paper examine the economic impact of pricing and access to basic research IP. The analysis uses a Sallop circle model of a monopolistically competitive industry to examine the applied research output and firm entry. Under plausible conditions basic research IP spillovers will create rents for the applied research sector, which are dissipated through socially excess firm entry. Charging a price or restricting access to basic research IP could enhance social welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pricing; Intellectual property; Downstream effects; Basic research; Monopolistic competition; Rent dissipation; Toll goods; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9877

Experiment Station Expenditures: State Share and Population Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miranowski,   John A.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49063

AS INOVAÇÔES TÉCNICAS NA TRANSIÇÂO AGROECOLÒGICA: O CASO DA ASSOCIAÇÂO DOS AGRICULTORES ECOLOGISTAS DE IPÊ E ANTÔNIO PRADO (AECIA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moura,   Luciane D. De; Diesel,   Vivien.
A questão da constituição de uma estratégia adequada para a promoção da inovação constitui um dos elementos-chave para os atores sociais comprometidos com os processos de transição agroecológica. Embora do ponto de vista propositivo encontrem-se referências relativamente consolidadas, há pouco conhecimento sobre a configuração que assume o sistema de informação e conhecimento local que sustenta a transição agroecológica em experiências concretas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho propõe-se a investigar esta problemática no âmbito de atuação da Associação de Agricultores Ecologistas de Ipê e Antônio Prado (AECIA), no RS, recorrendo a consulta à documentos e outros estudos, observação participante e entrevistas à agentes de ongs e agricultores. Os...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultura sustentável; Agricultura familiar; Inovações; Experimentação participativa; Sustainable agriculture; Smallholders; Innovations; Participatory research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107927

A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING THE RATE OF RETURN TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USING THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.
The aim of this paper is to test whether the marginal internal rate of return (MIRR) to research and extension estimates are sensitive to the estimation procedure used to find them. To achieve this, a summary of the previously used estimation procedures is made. Following this a cross section aggregate production function estimate is developed for the U.S. in 1964. The parameter estimates from this model are used to calculate the MIRR's using the different estimation procedures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13673

Finding a sustainable linkage between the emerging farmer and formal markets: The case of pick ‘n pay and the Zanyokwe farmers in the eastern Cape of South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bediako,   J.A.; Debrah,   Kofi.
A major problem confronting rural and emerging farmers is the marketing of their products. Most of the farmers encountered depend on the local or village markets which are often saturated or purchases are not backed by effective demand to make sales meaningful for the desired benefits. Small scale South African farmers have not been able to access the formal sector to sell their goods. There are several reasons for this which is linked to the nature of the historical evolution of the South African agricultural sector and in particular the food production system. Recently, it has been argued that the small scale farmers are not able to meet the standards that are set by the formal sector and are therefore responsible for their own exclusion by producing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51993

Technology Adoption and Farm Size
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Roger G.; Grabanski,   Raymond L.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121661

OPTIMAL TESTING STRATEGIES FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Jabs,   Eric J.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies, costs, and risks of a dual marketing system.  The model chooses the testing strategy (application, intensity, and tolerance) that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and quality loss and allows simulation of the risk premium required to induce grain handlers to undertake a dual marketing system versus a Non-GM system.  Cost elements including those related to testing, quality loss, and a risk premium were estimated for a model representing a grain export chain.  Uncertainties were incorporated and include test accuracy, risk of adventitious commingling throughout, and variety declaration.  Sensitivities were performed for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Segregation; Testing; Tolerance; Genetically Modified; Wheat; Risk Premium; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23605

A Supply-Chain Analysis of Food Safety Standards Related to the Use of Wastewater for Irrigation of Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lagerkvist,   Carl Johan; Johansson,   Helena; Birol,   Ekin; Roy,   Devesh; Narrod,   Clare A.
Irrigation with raw or diluted wastewater is a widespread phenomenon, occurring on 20 million hectares across the developing world, especially in Asian countries, but also in peri-urban areas around almost every city of sub-Saharan Africa and in many Latin American cities. Growing urban populations and consequent increases in demand for food and water has spurred the use of sewage to water crops as this is, in many cases, the only form of irrigation for farmers who either lack clean water or for whom clean water is too expensive. Wastewater has high nutrient value and constitutes a reliable source (Scott et al., 2004). It is mostly used to produce cash crops (e.g. vegetables and cereals). For example, it has been estimated that in most parts of Sub-...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59115

Impact Assessment of ACIAR-funded Projects on Grain-market Reform in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113252

U.S. Public Awareness and Knowledge of and Interest in Biotechnology: A Principal Component Factor Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Hallman,   William K.
Unlike earlier surveys based studies on public attitudes and perceptions of biotechnology, this study investigates the importance of consumers' awareness and knowledge of and interest in biotechnology. Results suggest that Americans are largely unaware of both of the presence in their lives of GM food and of its wide application in food production. In view of this, many Americans would like to see more GM media coverage. Additionally, most Americans are unfamiliar with the laws and safety testing regarding GM food.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8577

Crop Genetic Resources:  An Economic Appraisal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Heisey,   Paul W.; Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Sullivan,   John; Frisvold,   George B.
Crop genetic resources are the basis of agricultural production, and significant economic benefits have resulted from their conservation and use. However, crop genetic resources are largely public goods, so private incentives for genetic resource conservation may fall short of achieving public objectives. Within the U.S. germplasm system, certain crop collections lack sufficient diversity to reduce vulnerability to pests and diseases. Many such genetic resources lie outside the United States. This report examines the role of genetic resources, genetic diversity, and efforts to value genetic resources. The report also evaluates economic and institutional factors influencing the flow of genetic resources, including international agreements, and their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Genetic diversity; Germplasm; R&amp;D; International transfer of genetic resources; In situ conservation; Ex situ conservation; Gene banks; Intellectual property.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59388

Agricultural research: a growing global divide?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.; Dehmer,   Steven; Wood,   Stanley.
Sustained, well-targeted, and effectively used investments in R&amp;D have reaped handsome rewards from improved agricultural productivity and cheaper, higher quality foods and fibers. As we begin a new millennium, the global patterns of investments in agricultural R&amp;D are changing in ways that may have profound consequences for the structure of agriculture worldwide and the ability of poor people in poor counties to feed themselves. This report documents and discusses these changing investment patterns, highlighting developments in the public and private sectors. It revises and carries forward to 2000 data that were previously reported in the 2001 IFPRI Food Policy Report Slow Magic: Agricultural R&amp;D a Century After Mendel. Some past trends are...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55647

Has Imported Rice Crowded-out Domestic Rice Production in Ghana? What has Been the Role of Policy?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel; Osei-Asare,   Yaw Bonsu.
Commercial rice imports have accounted for approximately 61%, food aid in rice accounted for about 2%, and domestic rice accounted for some 37% per annum of rice consumption in Ghana over the four years between 2000 and 2003. Compared to the 1990s, these figures show a gradual decline in the share of local rice production in the total quantities of rice consumed in the country. On the other hand, the proportion of food aid in rice consumed has remained relatively constant over the period, while the proportion of commercial imports has increased steadily. Using the Engel-Granger residual-based co-integration test, a market integration analysis was explored for imported rice and domestic rice which compared a central market for imported rice and five key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Market integration Policy; Rice; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52002

R&amp;D SPILLOVERS IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS FROM A NORTH-SOUTH TRADE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
This study attempts to analyze technical change and the role of R&amp;D spillovers in this process using a quality innovation model. Domestic R&amp;D sector consists of a public and a private R&amp;D sector. Trade is the mechanism through which R&amp;D spillovers are realized, along with increased market size and increased competition. Propositions of the model are tested for the U.S. agricultural sector data. It is found that R&amp;D spillovers affect technological change as well as private R&amp;D spending significantly and positively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22258

Contributions of U.S. Crop Subsidies to Biofuel and Related Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Bayham,   Jude.
The U.S. crop subsidies provide incentives for farmers to expand feedstock production, which benefits the biofuel producers by lowering input costs. This study develops a general equilibrium model to analyze the effects of a reduction in the U.S. crop subsidy on biofuel industries and social welfare. The impacts of feedstock policies on the biofuel market are marginal. In contrast, the biofuel mandate has a larger impact and counteracts the effects of the crop subsidy reduction. The mandate increases the demand for feedstock and causes not only grain ethanol, but also cellulosic ethanol production to rise. The mandate exacerbates the distortion, and government spending increases significantly, leading to greater welfare loss.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Environmental impacts; Farm supports; Welfare analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q27.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100525

Research Bias Effects for Input and Output Decisions: An Application to U.S. Cash-Grain Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
Duality theory and static multi-product technology have been applied to analyze aggregate agricultural data by Shumway; Weaver; and McKay, Lawrence and Vlastuin. Several studies (e.g., Antle; Binswanger; and Lopez, 1985a) have indexed technology with a time trend, but no study has attempted to investigate the effects of agricultural research, extension, and education in the multiple-output dual static framework. The objectives of this paper are (i) to assess the bias effects in cash-grain farmers' production decisions caused by public agricultural research, public extension, and farmers' schooling and (ii) to present new estimates of the shadow values of agricultural research, extension, and schooling obtained from the static dual model of agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50024

IMPACTS OF NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES ON RURAL MALIAN HOUSEHOLDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vitale,   Jeffrey D.; Sanders,   John H.
A need in Sahelian agriculture is to transform from traditional farming to more modern systems.  This paper presents a safety-first type of risk programming model, using complementary programming, to assess the impacts of new agricultural technology. Model results indicate that some new technologies are economically attractive to Malian households.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21864

Agricultural research and productivity growth in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Pray,   Carl E.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
India’s investments in agricultural research, extension, and irrigation have made it one of the largest publicly funded systems in the world. But some policymakers who perceive that the benefits to research may be declining are advocating a cut back on public spending on research. This research report, which examines the effects of research and development on productivity in India, finds that India is still benefiting from these investments. The main sources of agricultural productivity growth in India during 1956–87 were public agricultural research and extension; expansion of irrigated area and rural infrastructure and improvement in human capital were also important contributors. The report also shows that the public benefits from private research can...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; India; Agricultural productivity; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37901

Priorities for Pig Research in Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Roger; Perkins,   John; Sovann,   Sen; San,   Sora; Liano,   Djoni; Siagiah,   Pollung H.; Saville,   P.; Manueli,   P.; Quartermain,   A.R.; Kohun,   P.J.; Villar,   E.C.; Maleon,   M.O.; Facundo,   D.T.; Sakpuaram,   Thavajchai; Kasaemesuwah,   Suwicha; Udomprasert,   Preeyaphan; Kinh,   La Van; Hai,   Le Thanh; Quang,   Do Van; Nguyen,   Van Du.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118378

The Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Imbens,   Guido W.; Pizer,   William A.
The otherwise straightforward analysis of randomized experiments is often complicated by the presence of missing data. In such situations it is necessary to make assumptions about the dependence of the selection mechanism on treatment, response, and covariates. The widely used approach of assuming that the data is missing at random conditional on treatment and other fully observed covariates is shown to be inadequate to describe data from a randomized experiment when partially observed covariates are also present. This paper presents an alternative to the missing at random model (MAR) which is both consistent with the data and preserves the appeal of MAR. In particular, the proposed family of models minimize the discrepancy with MAR while explaining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10596

Biotechnology: Scientific Potential and Socioeconomic Implications for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Longworth,   John W.
While genetic engineering has caught public attention, the associated advances in both cell fusion and tissue and cell culture hold more immediate promise for improving agricultural productivity. The potential of these biotechnologies for manipulating micro-organisms, improving plant production systems, improving animal and insect systems, and for industrial tissue culture, is briefly reviewed. The coming Biorevolution in agriculture will have much greater socio-economic impact than the Green Revolution. The distribution of these effects, both within and between countries, will be greatly influenced by private property rights. Biotechnology is not going to be a "quick fix" for the world food problem. Indeed, unless governments can meet the socio-economic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12429

Spatial Labor Markets and Technology Spillovers – Analysis from the US Midwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miranowski,   John A.; Monchuk,   Daniel C.
The primary focus of this paper is the impact of knowledge creation and innovative activity on non-farm employment growth. Non-farm employment growth is modeled in a stylized model where new knowledge and local economic externalities are key factors driving technology growth. For our empirical application we assume that new knowledge and innovative activity are embodied in new patent filings within the county. To explicitly capture spillovers between counties we apply spatial econometric techniques. The econometric model, based on a 2-stage spatial econometric estimation procedure, is tested for all counties in US Midwestern States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota. The results indicate the positive influence of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18224

TRENDS IN UNIVERSITY AG-BIOTECH PATENT PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barham,   Bradford L.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Kim,   Kwansoo.
This work exploits information on U.S. patents to identify trends in university ag-biotech patenting and citation performance.  It sets forth some key issues concerning patterns of university ag-biotech patenting and then provides an empirical analysis on the evolving trends. Land Grant Universities account for most U.S. ag-biotech patents.  The data show a path dependent innovation pattern, in which there also seems to be a culture of patenting that develops at certain universities. Evidence shows that ag-biotech patents are more cited than the average university patent.  Inequalities across Land Grant Universities are also evident in the production of ag-biotech patents, although perhaps not to a much greater degree than underlying inequalities in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20724

Economic Analysis of Marker-Assisted Selection in Canola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singla,   Rohit; Naseem,   Anwar.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/19/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103824

THE PRODUCTIVITY AND ALLOCATION OF RESEARCH: U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.; Peterson,   Willis L.
The main purpose of this paper is to present estimates of the marginal products and rates of return to the four major categories of agricultural research conducted by U.S. agricultural experiment stations (cash grains, poultry, dairy, and livestock).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13698

SERVICE-PROCESS CONFIGURATIONS IN ELECTRONIC RETAILING: A TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC FOOD RETAILERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heim,   Gregory R.; Sinha,   Kingshuk K.
Service-processes of electronic retailers are founded on electronic technologies that provide flexibility to sense and respond online to the dynamic and complex needs of customers. In this paper, we develop a taxonomy of service-processes in electronic retailing and demonstrate their linkage to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The taxonomy is grounded in a conceptual classification scheme that differentiates service-process stages on a continuum of flexibility. Using data on electronic service-processes collected from 255 electronic food retailers, we identified eight configurations for the taxonomy. We also collected and analyzed publicly reported customer satisfaction survey data that were available for 52 electronic food retailers in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14330

Product Life Cycles and Innovation in the US Seed Corn Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magnier,   Alexandre; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Miller,   Douglas J.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential changes in the length of product life cycles in the US seed corn industry. We use the observed survival time on the market for hybrids sold during 1997-2009 to conduct a survival analysis. Our empirical results show that the average lifetimes of conventional and biotech corn hybrids have decreased over the last twelve years at similar rates and that the rate of decline in the life cycle length increased since 2004. We also find that the shorter product life cycles are closely linked to the accelerated levels of biotech product innovation in the US seed corn industry observed over the period of the analysis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61779

RETURNS TO INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13591

THE IMPORTANCE OF LOGIC PLANNING IN CASE OF IT AND INNOVATION PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiss,   Judit; Kosztyan,   Zsolt T.
In case of using methodology of project planning, in the first step we had to create a “good” logic network. We had to determine the successors and predecessors of the tasks. However, usually successors and predecessors proceed from the technology, sometimes (especially in case of IT and innovation projects) these relations between tasks are not explicit. In case of projects, especially IT and innovation projects, one of the most critical points of view is the phase of logic planning. However, it is a very important phase, only slightly supported by any kind of Project Management tools. Our goal was to support the logic planning phase. In our paper a new planning method, namely SNPM (Stochastic Network Planning Method) is introduced through some practical...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Network Planning Method; Project Expert Matrix; Logic planning of IT projects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53559

Legislative Mode and Framework of Policy Agricultural Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Changli.
This paper introduces existing legislative mode of policy agricultural insurance in China, summarizes 5 experimental schemes of policy agricultural insurance in China, and discusses the legislative framework and the selection of legislative mode of policy agricultural insurance in China.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Policy agricultural insurance; Legislative mode; Legislative framework; National support in China; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53821

GOVERNING THE GM REVOLUTION: POLICY CHOICES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16367

DOES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PAY - THE CASE FOR PROTEACEAE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wessels,   J.; Anandajayasekeram,   Ponniah; van Rooyen,   C.J.; Marasas,   C.N.; Littlejohn,   G.; Coetzee,   C.
This paper reports on the socio-economic impact of the Proteaceae technology development and transfer programme. Farm level data were collected from the major role players in the industry, including cultivators, harvesters, agents and nurseries. The five major production regions were the Western Cape, South Western Cape, Southern Cape, Cape Peninsula and Eastern Cape, but other small regions in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) were also included in the study. Standard pretested mail questionnaires, supplemented with personal interviews, were used. This paper reports the socio-economic impacts over the period 1974- 2005. Results show that the rate of return for the financial and economic analyses ranged between seven and twelve percent, showing that the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54903

Basin-level use and productivity of water: examples from South Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molden,   David J.; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Habib,   Zaigham.
Discusses and illustrates concepts for identifying ways of improving productivity of water within basins. The results of applying a water accounting procedure to four sub-basins in South Asia (Bhakra in India; Chishtian in Pakistan; Huruluwewa in northern Sri Lanka; and Kirindi Oya in southern Sri Lanka) are presented. The methodology used identifies the quantities and productivity of various uses of water within a basin. This information is then used to identify the water-saving potential, and the means of improving the productivity of the managed supplies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water management; Water conservation; River basins; Water use; Productivity; Case studies; Irrigated farming; Indicators; Water scarcity; South Asia; India; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Bhakra; Chishtian; Kirindi Oya; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61099

Importance of New Varieties in Kansas Wheat Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orazem,   Frank; Jamison,   Mark A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49295

The Economics of New Technology Adaptation and Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
Adaptation is a critical aspect of applied agricultural research but is one that should be better understood. Accordingly, its dimensions are explored here through analogies with the adaptive behaviour of a person seeking a change in employment. A similar process is then used to illustrate the sequential phases of the adoption of a new technique by  farmer-in this case through analogy with the purchase of an automobile. Although adaptation and adoption are quite different phases of the implementation of new technology, their economics are closely interrelated, since an ex ante investigation of the economics of adoption is a necessary consideration in the ex ante appraisal of a process of adaptive research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9582

INNOVATION IN THE CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sparling,   David; van Duren,   Erna.
This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding innovation in the Canadian Agri-Food sector. Definitions relating to the dimensions and process of innovation as well as a case study are presented.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16619

Acceptance of Research Results by Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Presser,   H.A.; Russell,   H.M.
In 1962 a rabbit eradication campaign was carried out in the Mallee Region of Victoria. After the campaign was completed, a sociological survey was done to assess the farmers' reaction to it. The survey showed that new techniques were rapidly adopted by the farmers concerned. This was due to the intensity of personal contact during the campaign, and to the use of research results as the basis for the recommendations. While research results convinced some farmers to adopt the recommendations, legal, social and situational pressures were important for others. Different sources of information were used by different types of farmers. The more active and progressive farmers used the more expert sources while others used local sources of information. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1965
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9019

NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Ayoola,   Gbolagade Babalola.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Nigeria’s agricultural research system since the early 1970s, including a new set of survey data for the 1990s collected through the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16196

UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY RELATIONSHIPS AND THE DESIGN OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Hui; Buccola,   Steven T.
The central objective of the present paper is to examine how university bioscientists select their research agendas, with special attention to biotechnology firms' influence on those agendas.  Among other issues, we will assess UIRs' potential effects on the private appropriability of the characteristics of bioengineered crop and animal varieties, and on the basicness and breadth of a scientist's research.  Factors that potentially would affect scientists' research agenda include the university's size, reputation, resources, culture, and total government funding; the scientist's academic position and communication network; and the market power, cultures, and specialties of the biotech firms with which the university has research relationships.  An...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; O33.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21985

Mendel versus Malthus: Research, Productivity and Food Prices in the Long Run
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Beddow,   Jason M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Over the past 50 years and longer, the supply of food commodities has grown faster than the effective market demand, in spite of increasing population and per capita incomes. Consequently, the real (deflated) prices of food commodities have steadily trended down. The past increases in agricultural productivity and production, and the resulting real price trends, are attributable in large part to technological changes enabled by investments in agricultural R&amp;D. Evidence is beginning to emerge of a slowdown in the long-term path of agricultural productivity growth. These productivity patterns mirror a progressive slowing down in the growth rate of total spending on agricultural R&amp;D and a redirection of the funds away from farm productivity that began...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53400

OPTIMAL COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN GENERIC ADVERTISING, EXPORT MARKET PROMOTION AND COST-OF-PRODUCTION REDUCING RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cranfield,   John A.L.
Optimal investment rules are developed for a producer agency investing in domestic market generic advertising, export market promotion, and cost of production reducing research.  Analytical results show fundamental difference in optimal investment rules when the producer group is assumed to maximise either producers' surplus or social surplus.  Incorporating a constraint limiting total expenditure on the three activities substantially alters the structure of the optimal investment rules.  Results highlight the importance of accounting for the financing mechanism when modelling optimal producer investment.  Simulation of the optimal intensities suggests the proposed budget of the Canadian Beef Cattle Research Market Development and Promotion Agency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34135

SEARCHING A GENE BANK: THE CASE OF WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollin,   Douglas; Smale,   Melinda; Skovmand,   Bent.
Using data on the distributions of disease and pest resistance among wheat varieties, this paper reports theoretical and empirical findings concerning the efficient management of a gene bank and the optimal size of a collection.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20879

Costs of Producing Biogas at Dairy Farms in The Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebrezgabher,   Solomie A.; Meuwissen,   Miranda P.M.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
By 2020, Dutch dairy chains envisage to be self‐sufficient with regard to energy used by dairy farms and dairy processors. This would require dairy farms to produce 25 PJ per year, possibly by a combination of wind, solar and biogas. This paper focuses on biogas. To evaluate the project’s viability we estimated the expected technical and financial performance of 4 types of business models, i.e. “CHP‐farm”, “CHP‐large”, “green gas” and “central upgrading of green gas”. Data stem from among others 23 biogas plants in the Netherlands. Anticipating that CHPmodels and green gas models occur with a likelihood of 40% and 60% respectively, the total number of biogas plants would amount to 232 (1% of dairy farms), including a total of 5 million tons of manure per...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Green electricity; Green gas; Empirical data; Technical performance; Financial performance; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91139

How do Different Countries use PDO/GI Standards: A Case Study Comparing Wisconsin Cheddar to Parmesan-Reggiano
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: House,   Lisa; Patel,   Payal; Thomas,   Spreen.
Protected Geographic Indicators (PGI) and Product Differentiation of Origination (PDO) are products that are linked to certain regions or countries that define them based on where they are produced, prepared and/or packaged before they are sold. However, the exact interpretation of PGI/PDOs is not synonymous around the world, leading to disputes over trade barriers between nations. The goal of this paper is to discuss the quality and safety control issues that go into the production of PGI/PDOs as well as trade regulations that are currently being discussed at the World Trade Organization’s Doha multilateral trade agreements meetings. A comparison of how countries mark PGI/PDO products is made by comparing two cheese industries: Wisconsin Cheddar from the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59176

A Personal Touch: Text Messaging for Loan Repayment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morten,   Melanie; Karlan,   Dean S.; Zinman,   Jonathan.
We worked with two microlenders to test impacts of randomly assigned reminders for loan repayments in the “text messaging capital of the world”. We do not find strong evidence that loss versus gain framing or messaging timing matter. Messages only robustly improve repayment when they include the loan officer’s name. This effect holds for clients serviced by the loan officer previously but not for first-time borrowers. Taken together, the results highlight the potential and limits of communications technology for mitigating moral hazard, and suggest that personal obligation/reciprocity between borrowers and bank employees can be harnessed to help overcome market failures.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Microcredit; Microfinance; Randomized evaluation; Development finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; D92; G21; O16; O17.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121867

A MULTI-ATTRIBUTE MODEL OF PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Wanki; Balasubramanian,   Siva K.
Using Fishbein's multiattribute model as a theoretical background, this paper develops an empirical model to assess and identify attributes of agrobiotechnology and individual characteristics determining public acceptance of biotech foods.  This paper uses a database collected in the United States and United Kingdom in November, 2000.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20745

SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED SOYBEANS IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
The paper models the distributional effects of partial adoption of genetically modified soybeans under the assumptions of imperfectly competitive markets and identity preservation requirements. Our results show the welfare costs of market imperfections and improve understanding the diffusion of innovation in agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20734

HOW GRAIN SHIPPING AND PROCESSING FIRMS ARE HANDLING BIOENGINEERED PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dye,   Dan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33456

COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGIES UNDER ALTERNATIVE CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR COTTON IN GEORGIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clayton; White,   Fred C.; Isengildina,   Olga.
This study was conducted to determine allocative efficiency and cost effectiveness of growing conventional and transgenic cotton varieties under alternative cultural practices in South Georgia. A data envelopment model was used to compare costs and returns associated with various combinations of tillage and technology.  The results suggest that combination of genetically modified cotton varieties and strip till cultivation practices yields a more efficient use of inputs relative to the level of output.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20499

Cooperative Conservation: Partnership in Perspective (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sampson,   Neil.
This presentation will discuss the origins and development of the conservation partnership between the Federal government and local soil and  water conservation districts and address what that  relationship might look like in the future.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62081

PROTECTING INVESTORS' INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centner,   Terence J.; White,   Fred C.
Institutional devices encouraging biotechnological innovation may not be providing adequate returns or protection for inventors.  This article identifies an optimal degree of patent protection and employs sensitivity analysis to link demand and supply characteristics and investment productivity.  Four contemporary policy issues are identified to provide a foundation for future research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32353

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS:  CONSUMERS' ATTITUDES AND LABELING ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Consumers' attitudes to genetically modified (GM) food ingredients and their reactions to and preferences for labeling of GM food are topical issues for Canadian food policy and are the subjects of this study. This project included several components. The first of these was an assessment of public attitudes to biotechnology and to GM food based on evidence from polls and other studies. These show increasing awareness and some increase in wariness of GM food, in Canada and elsewhere. In the second component of the project, analysis of   survey data on Alberta consumers' preferences for different policy approaches to GM food was undertaken. This analysis indicates a preference by Alberta residents for GM food policy to emphasize the provision of more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24060

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: NATIONAL ORGANIC STANDARDS, LABELING AND SECOND-GENERATION OF GM PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Yiannaka,   Amalia.
This paper examines the effect of the introduction of labels for products of biotechnology on the markets for GM, conventional, and organic food products. In addition, the paper analyzes the market and welfare effects of the introduction of consumer-oriented, second-generation GM products. Analytical results show that while a no-labeling regime is generally beneficial for the organic sector, when segregation costs are sufficiently high the introduction of labels for GM products can enhance the consumption share and growth of the organic sector while driving the conventional products out of the market. The analysis also reveals that the introduction of the consumer-oriented GM products can change the nature of the relationship between GM and conventional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22063

ICT industry and resources based analysis of maintenance SME in the Central Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesar,   Stepan; Havlicek,   Zdenek; Ocenasek,   Vladimir.
Highly competitive situation in Information and Communication technology (ICT) maintenance industry requires a precise analysis of all important factors and carefully defined company strategy which addresses each of these aspects. This paper presents a resource based analysis of family run SME, operating in IT parts and consumables market. In order to understand this complex view, it first describes the company background. It briefly presents the industry key success factors and company strategy of the SME. The value chain analysis helps to name the main organization’s capabilities and evaluates them in terms of costs and customer willingness to pay. Resource audit provides an analysis of key company tangible, intangible and human resources. The outcome of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ICT; Resource based analysis; Resources; Capabilities; Strategy; SME; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99228

Household Level Financial Incentives to Adoption of Conservation Agricultural Technologies in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Tembo,   Gelson; Donovan,   Cynthia.
Although several studies have been conducted to determine the viability of conservation agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, almost all such studies are fragmented – often country specific – and with undue emphasis on output effects. However, assessment of the attractiveness of these technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa requires a detailed case-by-case comparison of changes in output and input costs and benefits. This paper reviews a set of responses known collectively as “conservation” or “sustainable” agriculture. Though definitions vary, these technologies typically involve agricultural management practices that prevent degradation of soil and water resources and thereby permit sustainable farm productivity without environmental degradation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54466

Welfare Impacts of Cross-Country Spillovers in Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
The welfare implications of intellectual property protection (IPP) for private sector agricultural research are analyzed, focusing on the realistic cases in which countries provide different IPP levels, technology spills over across countries, and the public sector is involved in research. A model is developed to determine who benefits from, and who should pay for, the associated research. The paper contains some interesting results on the implications of a harmonization of IPP policies through multilateral agreements or via technology that allows research firms to prevent the copying of plants and animals that express traits that have emerged from their research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; GURTs; Intellectual property; Research spillover; Welfare analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9375

THE ROLE OF THE TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erdeine Kesmarki-Gally,   Szilvia; Szucs,   Istvan.
In our research work we have read the domestic and the international professional literature. Based on them and our research work we defined the agricultural technical improvement. The main tasks of the technical improvement of the agriculture in the future are the following: ● Application of the biotechnological achievements. ● Improvement of the environment saving technologies, assurance of the maintainable development of the agriculture, by retaining the production bases – the soil, the biological environment, and the work power of the agricultural workers. ● Adaptation of the precision plant cultivation systems. ● The universal objective of the agrarian-technical improvements is to provide technical base for the maintainable agricultural production. It...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: The measuring of the technical-economical progress; Mechanization; Technical development; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58903

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION DECISIONS IN DAIRY PRODUCTION AND THE ROLE OF HERD EXPANSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Technology adoption in dairy production allows for higher milk yield and lower per-unit costs.  The importance of herd expansion and other factors to adoption was examined using a multinomial logit model and data from the USDA's 1993 Farm Costs and Returns Survey.  Predicted probabilities of adoption were used to simulate the effect of herd expansion on milk production.  Results identified age, size, and specialization in dairy production as important in increasing the likelihood of adopting a capital-intense technology.  Education and size of operation positively impacted the decision to adopt a management-intense technology.  Age, education, credit reserves, size, and increased usage of hired labor positively influenced the decision to adopt a combined...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31495

The Role of Innovations in the Competitive Strategies of Italian Agri-Food Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coppola,   Adele; Pascucci,   Stefano.
The aim of this work has been to inquire into possible connections between competitive strategies and inclination to innovation, through an analysis of a sample of Italian agri-food enterprises behaviours. Particularly, some firm’s innovation strategies have been analysed, inquiring into a set of characteristics that at a theoretical level are considered as potential factors of innovation adoption: economic and financial dimension, organizational structure, productive specialization, productive process and the location context. The results of the study have underlined the existence of a great variety of behaviours among the examined agri-food enterprises, which have revealed a highly varied inclination to innovation. The data indicate that the stimulus to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6584

Impact of Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties on Factor Demand and Productivity in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diiro,   Gracious M.; Sam,   Abdoul G.; Kraybill,   David S.
The study analyzed the impact of adoption of improved groundnut varieties on farm inputs demand and productivity using instrumental variables approach. The data was collected from  a simple random sample of 161 groundnut farmers in Eastern Uganda. Econometric results show significant increase in expenditure on improved seed and labor among adopters relative to the non-adopters. Adoption of improved varieties significantly increased groundnuts yield, by about 1688kg per hectare. Thus, more effort is needed to increase farmers’ access to improved varieties. The Government and partners should facilitate the development of local seed multiplication systems to reduce the cost of improved seed..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103848

Do Market Oriented Firms Demonstrate Clarity on Their Value Discipline? Evidence from Illinois Beef Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Micheels,   Eric T.; Gow,   Hamish R.
A market orientation has been shown to lead to improved firm performance in a variety of industries (Narver and Slater, 1990; Deshpande et al., 1993). In previous research, it has been argued that performance benefits are a result of a greater awareness of the sources of value the product provides to the consumer, without specifically describing how value was created. Treacy and Wiersema (1993) developed the concept of value disciplines, which are three distinctive means of value provision, namely operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership. More recently, Narver et al. (1998) argued that market oriented firms have a clear understanding of how they provide value to customers, but this assertion has yet to be empirically tested. A new...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Market orientation; Organizational learning; Value disciplines; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q10; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53800

Food Tracing and Interoperability of Information Systems in the Hungarian Meat Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuzesi,   Istvan; Herdon,   Miklos; Pentek,   Adam.
The manufacture, distribution and retailing of foodstuffs became an extraordinarily complex business activity. The complete food chain must provide for the implementation of the strictest quality standards and safety regulations. Problems of food safety can be solved by keeping (and enforcing) applicable regulations, by introducing modern quality assurance systems, by making possible the traceability of products and their identification. The safety of product lines and tracing of products cannot be solved without using information systems of a certain level. During our research, it came to light that, generally, agrarian traceability struggles with many more problems. Companies try to live up to expectation, but they often apply different solutions with...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Quality management; Information systems; Meat industry; Food tracing; Digital Business Ecosystem; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96866

Towards the measurement of the impacts of improving research capacity: an economic evaluation of training in wheat disease resistance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Quade,   Kathryn J.
It is notoriously difficult to assess the economic value of research aimed at improving research capacity, particularly for the human capital component of research capacity. In this paper, a framework is developed and an analysis is undertaken of the value of training for scientists in wheat rust resistance. The value of improving human capital is assessed through a framework based on marginal analysis of the improvement in productivity outcomes flowing from the increased capacity. On that basis, the value of programs to build human capacity through training or further education can be estimated. Although such estimates are necessarily qualified, they provide a basis for quantifying the value of building research and development capacity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capacity building; Economic; Rust; Training; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116928

REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS: NEEDED RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blakley,   Leo V.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30084

INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE WITHIN THE WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY:  THE CASE OF PARTICLEBOARD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buongiorno,   Joseph; Oliveira,   Ronald A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32199

PRIVATISING THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE: PROMISE AND PITFALLS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.
In the absence of some form of government intervention, knowledge is a classic public good which will be under-produced because of lack of price excludability. Government intervention may take the form of establishing intellectual property rights, or other means of shielding knowledge-based innovations from imitation or copying. Such intervention offers the prospect of 'privatising' the production of knowledge in the sense that a certain level of private knowledge production may become profitable if producers can appropriate at least part of the benefits of R&amp;D.  However, publicly funded R&amp;D or extension still can 'crowd out' private knowledge production by charging lower prices. The principal finding of this study is that such 'crowding out'...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22736

Product Life Cycles and Innovation in the US Seed Corn Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magnier,   Alexandre; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Miller,   Douglas J.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential changes in the length of product life cycles in the US seed corn industry. We use the observed survival time on the market for hybrids sold during 1997-2009 to conduct a survival analysis. Our empirical results show that the expected lifetimes for corn hybrids with single biotech traits are 5-15% longer than for hybrids with multiple (stacked) traits, and the expected lifetimes for conventional corn are 13-17% longer than stacked hybrids. Also, the product life cycles for all types of hybrids have decreased over the past twelve years (especially after 2004), but the rate of decline is roughly similar across hybrid types. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the shorter product life cycles are closely...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Accelerated failure time; Biotechnology; Product life cycle; Survival analysis; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93557

BIODISCOVERY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A DYNAMIC APPROACH TO ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dedeurwaerdere,   Tom; Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Pascual,   Unai.
This paper examines the use the use of economic incentives for knowledge generation through biodiscovery, in the particular case of the use of a highly valuable biogenetic resource stock from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from institutional and ecological economics. Two important conclusions come out of this analysis. First, it highlights the necessity to go beyond standard market approaches to economic valuation in order to address the issues of future possibilities of use and innovation and the integration of the different stages in the process of value creation. Second, it shows the necessity of developing alternatives to the current intellectual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospection; Genetic resources; Traditional knowledge; Kani model; Benefit sharing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31928

Global welfare effects of transgenic sugar beet
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillen,   Koen; Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Although the EU is still in a quasi moratorium stage concerning GM crops, doors for GM crops in the sugar industry seem to open. Herbicide tolerant sugar beet could mean a boost for the sugar beet sector. The ex ante impact assessment shows a created welfare of €15 billion during 1996-2014. The rule of thumb found in ex post impact studies of a sharing out between downstream and upstream sector of 2/3 versus 1/3 is seems to be applicable to this case as well. The sugar beet sector and consumers worldwide are the winners while cane growers lose due to technology eroded world prices. The reform of the EU Common market organization for sugar in 2006 seems to create an incentive for innovation to efficient European sugar producers. Crowding out of inefficient...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9783

TECHNICAL CHANGE AND NEW DIRECTIONS FOR COTTON PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.
This report summarizes a year-long study of the current and future role of technology in the Mid-South, Southeast, and High Plains cotton production systems. Specific research objectives were to: 1) Identify the impacts of emerging technology on regional cotton production systems, including the implications of technology adoption on the economic and environmental stability of the system; 2) Examine the future direction of technical change in cotton production and its implications for the biological and economic structure of the cotton production system; and 3) Determine the potential role of future technologies on shifting regional competitiveness in cotton production. Information used in the analysis was collected through a series of consultations with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31683

LANGUAGE LEARNING - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarnoveanu, Dorina.
There are several stages in the linguistic development of a child; he will not merely reproduce the sentences he hears, but a personal production is often noticed. Children do not acquire the grammar of their native language through theoretical teaching; exposure to the speaking community will lead to the acquisition of the grammatical structures of their language. Little is known about how little children acquire the rules of their native language; yet, we may distinguish between physiological and psychological aspects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Language; Speech; Acquisition; Learning; Grammar; Child; Native; Physiological and psychological aspects.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 81.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92389

The Impact of Investments in Maize Research and Dissemination in Zambia Part I: Main Report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Chitala,   George M.; Kalonge,   Sylvester M.
Michigan State University (MSU) is currently assessing the impact of agricultural research on various commodities in seven African countries: Cameroon (maize, cowpea, sorghum), Kenya (maize, wheat), Malawi (maize), Mali (maize), Niger (sorghum, cowpea, millet), Uganda (oilseeds), and Zambia (maize). These countries were selected because they represent a variety of agro-ecological regions, and because their research systems have received significant levels of funding from USAID. The country studies undertaken by MSU are part of a series of research works recently commissioned to help USAID and the U.S. Congress analyze the effectiveness of aid given to strengthen national agricultural research systems in Africa. In Zambia, MSU collaborated with the Ministry...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 19; Q18.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54732

Induced Innovations and Foreign Workers in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Napasintuwong,   Orachos; Emerson,   Robert D.
A cost function approach of induced innovation is used to measure the biases in U.S. agricultural technology between 1948-1994. The results show significant labor-saving, capital-using technical change. Focusing on the impact of migration policy on labor-saving technology, a simulaton of different rates of labor-saving technical change is conducted. The simulation shows decreases in elasticity of labor demand and demand quantity, and an increase in wage rate as technology becomes more labor-saving.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Biased technical change; Foreign labor; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160; J430; O300.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15641

RESEARCH RETURNS REDUX: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Marra,   Michele C.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wyatt,   T.J.
A total of 294 studies of returns to agricultural R&amp;D (including extension) were compiled and these studies provide 1,858 separate estimates of rates of return. This includes some extreme values, which are implausible. Then the highest and lowest 2.5 percent of the rates of return were set aside, the estimated annual rates of return averaged 73 percent overall—88 percent for research only, 45 percent for research and extension, and 79 percent for extension only. But these averages reveal little meaningful information from a large and diverse body of literature, which provides rate-of –return estimates that are often not directly comparable. The purpose of this study was to go behind the average, and try to account for the sources of differences, in a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16056

Future Research Evaluation Needs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50030

Estimating Feedback Effect in Technical Change: A Frontier Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Vincent M.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; van Ierland,   Ekko C.
This study examines whether today’s technical change depends on yesterday’s technical change. We propose to investigate this feedback effect by using the technical-change component of the Malmquist productivity index. This approach can overcome some problems in alternative patent-citation approaches. We apply the approach by estimating the feedback effect from production data of 25 OECD countries for 1980 through 1997. Our model yields evidence on a positive feedback effect with delays up till eight years. These findings are in line with patent-citation studies and bring us closer to a measure of the social returns to R&amp;D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12086

BIOLOGISCHE, BIOTECHNOLOGISCHE EN GANGBARE LANDBOUW: EEN VERGELIJKENDE ECONOMISCHE STUDIE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Crop protection is a part of the agricultural production system. In Europe during the past century, this system has been subject to innovation, stemming from the second agricultural revolution of the Modern Time. Today we are on the crossroad of three alternative agricultural systems. Conventional agriculture is the product of the second agricultural revolution. So far, biotechnological agriculture seems to continue these trends. Organic agriculture on the other hand is a reaction on the paradigm of the second agricultural revolution, especially regarding the negative environmental externalities engendered by this revolution. Today, conventional agriculture is under pressure. Two alternatives have emerged: organic and biotechnological agriculture. Which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31839

Privatization of Agricultural Biotechnology Research at U.S. Universities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Yin; Yuan,   Yiyong.
The recent upsurge of privatization of university research, particularly in biotechnology, has attracted considerable attention.  In the present study, we develop a structural model in knowledge production function framework to assess the impacts of university patenting and licensing on university research and on the downstream research which builds on university proprietary technologies to develop commercial agricultural biotech products.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19276

The use of participatory processes in wide-scale dissemination of micro dosing and conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pedzisa,   Tarisayi; Minde,   Isaac J.; Twomlow,   Steve.
Participatory technology development has been used for quite some time. However, little is known about how farmers perceive participatory methods and processes. Understanding farmers’ concerns about the participatory process can be an important starting point and can further the ultimate aim of encouraging sustained technology adoption. An ex-post participatory technology development and transfer evaluation was carried out in Zimbabwe in 2006/07 involving 231 farmers. It was revealed that use of demonstration trials encouraged the most participation and subsequent adoption and adaptation of the technologies to suit specific needs. The participatory nature of the process encouraged greater knowledge sharing among farmers and gave them more confidence in the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Participatory approach; Technology; Dissemination; Adoption; Transfer; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95779

SETTING EFFICIENT INCENTIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: LESSONS FROM PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY II
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
This paper presents one of the first systematic treatments of economic incentives in the management of academic research and major inefficiencies in common funding mechanisms.  Building on well-known but unusual attributes of research whereby the research payoff is only the   “"best”" of scientists'’ outputs, payoffs are highly uncertain, asymmetric information exists on scientists'’ effort, and scientists'’ are more risk averse than administrators, we consider how incentives should be structured to elicit optimal research effort and payoffs using a principal-agent model with heterogenous ability across scientists.  We then conduct a systematic analysis of the implications from the model for the three major forms of agricultural experiment station...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research management; Research incentives; Heterogenous ability; Agriculture; Principal-agent theory; Implicit contracting; Funding mechanisms; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18236

Governance for Integrated Water Resources Management in a River-Basin Context: Proceedings of a Regional Seminar, Bangkok, May 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; River basins; Governance; Institutional development; Groundwater irrigation; Water policy; Water allocation; Water demand; Irrigation efficiency; Models; Case studies; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118402

Improving Fertilizer and Chemical Efficiency Through "High Precision Farming"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munson,   Robert D.; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52687

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 1: Primary Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
This report is the first chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian primary agricultural sector in relation to the financial position of farms and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Primary agriculture; Structural change; Performance of farms; Farm family income; Aggregate cash income; Net farm income; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52707

TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Ngahulira,   Thomas; Kirway,   Timothy.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Tanzanian public agricultural research since the early 1990s using new survey data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16192

Towards a joint regional agenda for the alleviation of poverty through agriculture and secondary crop development: proceedings of the regional meeting, Bangkok, 21-22 November 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
This document is a record of the Regional Meeting of the above, co-ordinated and implemented by CAPSA, which was held in Bangkok, 21-22 November 2007. The Meeting aimed to determine research priorities for improving the accuracy of policies and programmes addressing rural poverty through agriculture in member countries. Also it aimed to strengthen regional collaboration and information sharing. This volume provides a record of the presentations and discussion of the meeting.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT; POVERTY; RURAL POPULATION; AGRICULTURE; RESEARCH; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96659

Green industrial policy: trade and theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Stevenson,   Megan.
This paper studies the reality and the potential for green industrial policy. We provide a summary of the green industrial policies, broadly understood, for five countries. We then consider the relation between green industrial policies and trade disputes, emphasizing the Brazil-US dispute involving ethanol and the broader US-China dispute. The theory of public policy provides many lessons for green industrial policy. We select four of these lessons, involving the Green Paradox, the choice of quantities versus prices with endogenous investment, the coordination issues arising from emissions control, and the ability of green industrial policies to promote cooperation in reducing a global public bad like carbon emissions.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Green industrial policy; Trade conflicts; Green paradox; Asymmetric information; Coordination games; Participation games; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F13; F18; H21; H23.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123637

But Are They Meritorious? Productivity Gains under Plant IPR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolady,   Deepthi; Lesser,   William H.
Despite that recentness of intellectual property rights protection of plants in the US , documenting the productive merit of varieties associated with IPR protection has been elusive. This paper using varietal trial data of soft white winter wheat from Washington State found supporting evidence to the hypothesis that Plant Variety Protection has contributed to the genetic improvement of soft white winter wheat in Washington State.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9786

Biotechnology and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Lorraine.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33633

CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES TO RURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CASE OF IMAZAPYR-RESISTANT MAIZE IN WESTERN KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mignouna,   D.B.; Mutabazi,   K.D.S.; Senkondo,   E.M.; Manyong,   Victor M.
Last two decades have been dominated by issues on poverty as major growth area with the adoption by United Nations member countries of the Millennium Development Goals, the first of which calls for halving the incidence of poverty and hunger by 2015, this has underlined the importance of introduction of improved agricultural technologies. Most poor rural households in developing countries usually depend on agriculture and have to cope with poverty stills a rural phenomenon. Agricultural production has continuously decreased, subject to serious limitations such as declining soil fertility, diseases, pests, drought and erosion plaguing crops growing areas. This situation should have encouraged rural households to increasingly consider the use of promising...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: IRM technology; Striga control; Poverty reduction; Kenya.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100685

Impact of Research Investment on Technology Development and Total Factor Productivity in Major Field Crops of Peninsular India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ananth,   G.S.; Chengappa,   P.G.; Janaiah,   Aldas.
Increase in agricultural productivity is induced by public investment in research. Several studies have analyzed the impact of research investment at the national level but such analyses at the state or regional level are a few. The present study is an attempt to analyze the pattern and quantify the returns to research investment made over a period of 25 years on major field crops such as rice, jowar, finger millet (ragi), red gram, groundnut, sunflower, cotton and sugarcane in a predominantly agrarian state of Karnataka in peninsular India. The impact of research investment was assessed in terms of technology developed and growth in total factor productivity. The agricultural research investment had profound effect on the development of technologies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research investment; TFP; Technology development; India; Field crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25740

RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE: U.S. AND JAPANESE EXPERIENCES IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13762

FARMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF SPATIAL YIELD VARIABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY PRECISION FARMING INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; Larson,   James A.
This study evaluated how farmers' perceptions of spatial yield variability are influenced by precision technologies.  Farmer estimates from a mail survey were regressed on use of alternative information technologies and personal characteristics.  Results indicate that farmers who adopted yield monitors with GPS for cotton perceived significantly higher spatial yield variability.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34600

Economics of Literary Translation. A Simple Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ginsburgh,   Victor; Weber,   Shlomo; Weyers,   Sheila.
Books are an important factor of cultural transmission, but need, in most cases, to be translated. According to some authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination of English. The population speaking English as a first language is, with the exception of Mandarin, the largest in the world. It is therefore not surprising that English produces more fiction (and much more scientific literature, as scientists from all countries write in English with increasing frequency) than any other language. We develop a theoretical model of translation, which is estimated on the basis of UNESCO translation data. We show that translations from English are dominated by translations from other languages, including Scandinavian ones and French.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Languages; Translations; Cultural and Linguistic Distances; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L82; Z11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6379

R&amp;D Collaboration Networks in Mixed Oligopoly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zikos,   Vasileios.
We develop a model of endogenous network formation in order to examine the incentives for R&amp;D collaboration in a mixed oligopoly. Our analysis reveals that the complete network, where each firm collaborates with all others, is uniquely stable, industry-profit maximizing and efficient. This result is in contrast with earlier contributions in private oligopoly where under strong market rivalry a conflict between stable and efficient networks is likely to occur. A key finding of the paper is that state-owned enterprises may be used as policy instruments in tackling the potential conflict between individual and collective incentives for R&amp;D collaboration.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Networks; R&amp;D Collaboration; Mixed Oligopoly; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C70; L13; L20; L31; L32; O31; D85.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6228

FARMER EFFICIENCY AND TECHNOLOGY USE WITH AGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tauer,   Loren W.; Lordkipanidze,   Nazibrola.
Productivity of U.S. farmers by age is measured by non-parametric programming using 1992 Census data, decomposed into efficiency and technology Malmquist index components. Productivity increases slightly with age and then decreases. In most states productivity variations are from technology use rather than efficiency differences.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31337

Evaluating Research, Development and Extension: Practical insights from the Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carrigan,   Gretchen; Chudleigh,   Fred; Wilson,   Trevor.
Publicly funded agricultural research bodies are under increasing pressure to ensure efficient allocation of resources and demonstrable returns on investment. In line with its mission to, 'maximise the economic potential of Queensland's primary industries on a sustainable basis' the Queensland Department of Primary Industries routinely conducts systematic economic evaluations of its research and development programs. This paper illustrates some practical insights from the application of economic surplus models in these assessments. The implications for investment management are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6020

Cover and Contents Pages
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: Front Cover, Editorial Information, Contents Page
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117780

New approaches to presenting information in the agrarian sector and country areas – Technological solution of the agris web portal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simek,   Pavel; Vanek,   Jiri; Cervenkova,   Eva; Jarolimek,   Jan; Vogeltanzova,   Tereza.
The present paper brings an overview of both technological and functional upgrade of the agrarian web portal AGRIS (http://www.agris.cz). Agris 4.0 version has been developed, tested and launched in the course of 2010. Agris 4.0 is built and runs on Microsoft technologies within the framework of MS IIS web server. Model-View- Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, an inherent part of the technology .NET framework 3.5, has been used.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WWW portal; Web browser; AGRIS; Agrarian portal; ASP.NET; MVC; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99089

Optimal Antibiotic Usage with Resistance and Endogenous Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The authors develop an expected utility model with heterogeneous individuals and apply some of the approaches developed in the energy literature to explicitly identify the public nature characteristics of susceptibility in a dynamic setting and to characterize the optimal intertemporal usage problem from a social planner perspective. The authors determine the optimal time path for the depletion of susceptibility to an existing drug and show that use of antibiotics should be rationed across the population and through time. The authors also discuss the impact of endogenous technological change and analyze the dynamics of research activities in backstop technologies both in a certain and in an uncertain world. The authors show that resources invested in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18499

Bio Energy Entry Timing from a Resource Based View and Organizational Ecology Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ng,   Desmond W.; Goldsmith,   Peter D.
Recent changes in U.S. energy policy have prompted the growth of the bio energy market. The ability to quickly enter and respond to the opportunities of this market is critical to an agribusiness’ success. Understanding entry into this rapidly growing bio energy market, however, is not well understood. In drawing on management theories of the Resource Based View (RBV) and that of Organizational Ecology, this study develops a conceptual and dynamic programming model to explain the entry behaviors of different types of bio energy businesses. A contribution of this study is it demonstrates that bio energy entry decisions emphasize a basic trade-off involving gains from a commitment to specialized, and correspondingly higher cost assets, and gains from...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Management theory; Resource based view; Bio fuels; Ethanol; Organizational ecology entry timing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93350

Jointly selecting for fibre diameter and fleece weight: A market-level assessment of the QPLU$ Merino breeding project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mounter,   Stuart W.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Mullen,   John D.
The QPLU$ Merino breeding project began in the early 1990s. The aim of the project was to demonstrate the efficiency of using a selection index to achieve breeding objectives. A number of selection lines were created from three strains of Merino sheep. During the ten-year course of the project, selection of each line was undertaken using an index based on measurements of fleece weight and fibre diameter. Different emphases were placed on each trait in each selected line. This paper estimates the potential aggregate returns of the project to the Australian sheep and wool industries using an equilibrium displacement model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Australian sheep and wool industries; Equilibrium displacement model; Cross-commodity relationships; R&amp;D evaluation; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6046

Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos, Sociais e Ambientais da Poedeira Colonial Embrapa 051
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miele,   Marcelo; Girotto,   Ademir Francisco; Palhares,   Julio Cesar Pascale; Pereira de Figueiredo,   Elsio Antonio; Saatkamp,   Marcio Gilberto.
The limited resources for agricultural research and the need for a better knowledge about the ways that technologies change agribusiness competitiveness and its social and natural environment, demand its impacts assessment. The aim of this study was to realize economic, environmental, social and organizational impact assessment of the laying hen Embrapa 051, developed by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company. This project started on 2000.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; Environmental impact; Genetic improvement; Laying hen; Social impact; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96280

VALUING PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES: AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF UTILIZATION OF THE U.S. NATIONAL CROP GERMPLASM COLLECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zohrabian,   Armineh; Traxler,   Greg.
Exploration of a germplasm collection for a particular trait is viewed as a search within a given distribution.  An optimal strategy would be to search and collect additional accessions for traits as long as expected benefit is greater or equal to the cost of collecting, conserving and testing it.  The probability of finding a desirable trait depends on the number of accessions that are screened for the trait, and the distribution of that trait in the collection or in certain subcollections.  This study will estimate the expected net return from an additional search opportunity in regard to several pest resistance traits for soybeans both when the additional accession is from the existing collection, and when it is newly acquired.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21655

Impact of Public- and Private- Sector Maize Breeding Research in Asia, 1966-1997/98
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7656

Analysis of the Impact of CIMMYT Research on the Australian Wheat Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Quade,   Kathryn J.
Wheat genetic materials developed from research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico for developing countries have provided spillover benefits to Australia. Varieties developed from those genetic materials have resulted in yield increases in Australia. CIMMYT’s success in developing countries has also reduced the world price for wheat. While the lower prices affect returns in Australia, the increased yields in Australia from the CIMMYT spillovers have provided benefits to Australia averaging A$30 million per year since 1973. If these benefits are to continue in the future, Australia must continue its close relationship with CIMMYT.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Research; Spillover; CIMMYT; Australia; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42505

COPING WITH TURBULENCE; STRATEGIES FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rutten,   H.
1. Today, after having focused on Research, Extension and Education (the so-called 'REE-triptych') for over a century, the agricultural knowledge system is in a phase of transition. New roads should be taken to establish agricultural knowledge policies that will think ahead - both in the 'theory' and the 'practice' of knowledge processes.  2. Modeling innovation processes along linear perspectives is increasingly less productive; both knowledge-driven models (such as the classical REE concept) and market-driven perceptions are insufficient to implement a fresh and adequate policy of agricultural innovation.  3. Generating knowledge, developing technologies and skills, and innovating are three fundamentally different activities. Agricultural knowledge...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Foresight; Strategic management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12016

Can Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Serve Complementary Purposes for Policy Research?: Evidence from Accra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maxwell,   Daniel G.
Qualitative and quantitative methods in social science research have long been separate spheres with little overlap. However, recent innovations have highlighted the complementarity of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Accra Food and Nutrition Security Study was designed to incorporate the participation of a variety of constituencies in the research, and to rely on a variety of approaches—both qualitative and quantitative—to data collection and analysis. This paper reviews the way in which qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the Accra study. The argument of the paper is that the complementary use of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a greater range of insights and perspectives and permits triangulation or the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Research; Social Sciences; Methodology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97042

THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS ON THE LONG RUN FARM LEVEL ECONOMICS OF SOIL CONSERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Daniel B.; Young,   Douglas L.
The complementary interaction between topsoil depth and technical progress for winter wheat in the Palouse region was found to strengthen the long run payoff to conservation tillage.  Nonetheless, conservation tillage was found to be competitive with conventional tillage only if its current yield disadvantages were eliminated.  Conservation tillage was relatively more competitive on shallower topsoils and for longer planning horizons.  Short-term subsidies coupled with research directed towards reducing the cost and yield disadvantages of conservation tillage in the Palouse were advocated to maintain long-term soil productivity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32515

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: CASE OF US-EGYPT-IRRI COLLABORATIVE PROJECT ON THE GENERATION OF NEW RICE TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehlhar,   Clemen G.; Nagarajan,   Latha; Wood,   Stanley.
Agricultural research managers and scientists are under increasing pressure to demonstrate the efficient and socially-effective use of funds spent on agricultural R&amp;D.  These pressures stem from heightened expectations of transparency and accountability in the use of public funds, as well as from the growing demand for evidence of impact on target social groups and environmental services.  Finally, advances in  agricultural biotechnology research and the ensuing dialogue about the desirability of using biotechnology tools for increasing food production in developing countries have highlighted the need to assess the impacts of international agricultural research in the US, the developing countries, and the international agricultural research centers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19625

THE RATE OF RETURN ON EXPENDITURES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (ARC)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.; Townsend,   Rob F.; Amadi,   Juliana; Lusigi,   Angela; van Zyl,   Johan.
All the rate of return estimates, regardless of methodology or the level of aggregation, are entirely consistent and logical. The returns show that the ARC has been extremely successful economically and has followed a sound strategy of exploiting spillovers from foreign R&amp;D systems. However, there must be a strong socio-economic component to the ARC's efforts if it is to reach the disadvantaged.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54904

The Unbearable Lightness of Regulatory Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank.
Will unbearable regulatory costs ruin the US economy? This specter haunts official Washington, just as fears of communism once did. Once again, the prevailing rhetoric suggests, an implacable enemy of free enterprise puts our prosperity at risk. Like anti-communism in its heyday, anti-command-and-control-ism serves to narrow debate, promoting the unregulated laissez-faire economy as the sole acceptable goal and standard for public policy. Fears of the purported costs of regulation have been used to justify a sweeping reorganization of regulatory practice, in which the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is empowered to, and often enough does, reject regulations from other agencies on the basis of intricate, conjectural, economic calculations. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37159

Horizontal Evaluation: Stimulating social learning among peers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiele,   Graham; Devaux,   Andre; Velasco,   Claudio; Manrique,   Kurt.
Horizontal evaluation is a flexible evaluation method that combines self-assessment and external review by peers. We have developed and applied this method for use within an Andean regional network that develops new methodologies for research and development (R&amp;D). The involvement of peers neutralizes the lopsided power relations that prevail in traditional external evaluations, creating a more favourable atmosphere for learning and improvement. The central element of a horizontal evaluation is a workshop that brings together a group of ‘local participants’ who are developing a new R&amp;D methodology and a group of ‘visitors’ or ‘peers’ who are also interested in the methodology. The workshop combines presentations about the methodology with field...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: ILAC; Social; Learning; Evaluation; Horizontal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52522

Technology Change: Sources and Impediments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav; Irons,   Mallory; Huang,   Yanjing.
There is little doubt that technology change, both in terms of its process and quality dimensions, represents the principal driving force to explain comparative economic performance at both micro and macro levels.  This paper examines the sources of technology change and the impediments to the full realization of its opportunities, both abstractly and in the context of a comparison among six typologically diverse developing countries.  Among the external sources, we examine the roles of trade, foreign patents and FDI; among the internal sources we examine the roles of investment, domestic R&amp;D, domestic patents, S&amp;T personnel and secondary education alternatives.  Among impediments, we analyze certain public and private policy frameworks which tend...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Development; Technological Change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O11; O14; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118647

The Impact of Biotechnology, in Particular Genetically Modified Crops on International Agricultural Research, Production and Marketing and How this will Affect Agriculture in Western Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forbes,   Sandy.
In 2000 I was awarded a Nuffield Farming Scholarship to study the impact of biotechnology, in particular genetically modified crops, on international agricultural research, production and marketing. I studied this topic in 2001 in Canada, USA and United Kingdom in an attempt to gain an insight into the issues with GM crops and how this may impact on our decision to grow them in Western Australia. I was impressed by the technology available that opened up a range of opportunities for vast improvements in production traits, quality of food, food safety and environmental and human health benefits. I also gained an understanding of the challenges faced by Canada and the US in production, identity preservation, testing and marketing of GM crops. In contrast the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24343

Technology Transfers and the Clean Development Mechanism in a North-South General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aronsson,   Thomas; Backlund,   Kenneth; Sahlen,   Linda.
This paper analyzes the potential welfare gains of introducing a technology transfer from Annex I to non-Annex I in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Our analysis is based on a numerical general equilibrium model for a world economy comprising two regions, North (Annex I) and South (non-Annex I). As our model allows for labor mobility between the formal and informal sectors in the South, we are also able to capture additional aspects of how the transfer influences the Southern economy. In a cooperative equilibrium, a technology transfer from the North to the South is clearly desirable from the perspective of a ‘global social planner’, since the welfare gain for the South outweighs the welfare loss for the North. However, if the regions do not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12026

PRODUCT INNOVATION AND IMPERFECT COMPETITION IN THE ITALIAN FRUIT-DRINK INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russo,   Carlo; Cardillo,   Concetta; Perito,   Maria Angela.
In this paper, the case of the Italian fruit-drink industry is presented to discuss the strategic issues of product-innovation in imperfectly competitive markets.  In particular, three main topics are addressed: the incentives to the adoption of innovation-based strategies, R&amp;D investments in imperfectly competitive markets and the role of vertical coordination.  To address the topics, a brief description of the industry, a game-theory conceptual framework and a strategic analysis of the marketing channels are proposed.  The major conclusions can be summarized as follows: (i) product-innovation strategies are the result of an evaluation of the option value of the R&amp;D investments, the risk of failure and competitors' strategies (ii) demand pull only...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34298

Pecuniary, Non-Pecuniary, and Downstream Research Spillovers: The Case of Canola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Malla,   Stavroula; Tran,   Kien C.
This paper develops an empirical framework for estimating a number of inter-firm and downstream research spillovers in the canola crop research industry. The spillovers include basic research, human capital/ knowledge (as measured through other-firm expenditures), and genetics (as measured through yields of other-firms). The model used to examine spillover effects on research productivity provides evidence that there are many positive inter-firm non-pecuniary research spillovers, which is consistent with a research clustering effect. The second model, which examines spillovers at the level of firm revenue , shows that, while private firms tend to crowd one another, public firm expenditure on basic and applied research creates a crowding-in effect for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Basic research; Applied research; Public research expenditures; Private research expenditures; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24776

The Economic Effects of Early-Life Nutritional Constraints in Crossbred Cattle Bred on the NSW North Coast
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alford,   Andrew R.; Cafe,   Linda M.; Greenwood,   Paul L.; Griffith,   Garry R.
Different patterns of nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can influence cow productivity and the performance of their offspring. An experiment was conducted on the North Coast of NSW whereby “low” and “high” pasture nutritional systems were imposed on a herd of Hereford cows during pregnancy, and then again from birth to weaning, with a crossover design also imposed to select offspring with extremes of growth to birth and/or weaning. Thus, four growth groups resulted – low-low, low-high, high-low, and high-high. Piedmontese and Wagyu bulls were used. After weaning, these offspring were grown out on the NSW Northern Tablelands and then finished to heavy market weights in a feedlot. The results of the experiment indicated that restricted early-life...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Beef; Early-life nutrition; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37667

The Effect of Climate Change, CO2 Fertilization, and Crop Production Technology on Crop Yields and Its Economic Implications on Market Outcomes and Welfare Distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Attavanich,   Witsanu; McCarl,   Bruce A.
Many studies have done econometric estimates of how climate alters crop yields and or land rents in an effort to gain information on potential effects of climate change.  However, an important related factor, the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and in fact a driver of climate change is ignored.  This means the prior econometric estimates are biased as they infer what will happen under climate change from observations in the recent past, but without consideration of CO2 effects.  Furthermore although CO2 has been varying, it has proceeded at a very linear pace and cannot be disentangled from technological progress using historical crop yield data.  This paper is designed to overcome this issue and estimate the consequences that CO2 has and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Fertilization; Crop Yield; Yield Variability; Climate Change; Crop Production Technology; Welfare Distribution; Market Outcomes; Stochastic Production Function; The Agricultural Sector Model; Feasible Generalized Least Squares; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; C13; Q16; Q54; D69; D24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103324

A MOBIL INTERNET TECHNOLÓGIAI, GAZDASÁGI ÉS TÁRSADALMI HATÁSAI AZ AGRÁRGAZDASÁGBAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szilagyi,   Robert; Herdon,   Miklos.
A mobil kommunikáció, ezen belül a mobil Internet az agrárgazdaság számá-ra a használat hely és idő függetlensége miatt fontos lehetőséget, gazdasági elő-nyöket, a vállalkozások, szervezetek számára hatékonyabb működést jelenthet. Széleskörű elterjedése, innovációs hatása és előnyei gazdaságosan csak a technológia és a szolgáltatások hatásrendszerének figyelembevételével érhető el. A technológiai, társadalmi és gazdasági komplex hatásrendszer befolyásolja a gazdasági alkalmazások terjedését. Az alkalmazható eszközök köre folyamatosan bővül, fejlődik. Már ma is sok készüléktípus áll rendelkezésünkre: mobiltelefon, smartphone, PDA, laptop, TabletPC. A kommunikációs technológiák és szabványok köréből kiemelhető a 3G és a WiFi szabvány. Társadalmi szempontból...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Mobil internet; Mobil kommunikáció; Agrárgazdaság; Mobile internet; Mobile communication; Agricultural economy; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54421

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELDS AND CONCENTRATION OF INNOVATION AMONG FOOD AND BEVERAGE MULTINATIONALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfranca,   Oscar; Rama,   Ruth; von Tunzelmann,   Nicholas.
With a sample of nearly 18,611 utility patents, this paper studies the technology mix of 90 of the world's leading food and beverage multinationals (FBMs) over 1969-1994.  It explores the statistical association between patenting in food technology and in non-food technological fields.  Food patenting is always associated with patenting in Biotech, Chemistry, Machinery and Other patenting, whatever the home country of the company.  The strength of the association, however, could vary.  Herfindahl indices show that capabilities in core technology and in Machinery and Other fields are spread among many FBMs.  Though to a lesser extent, technical capabilities in Biotechnology, Packaging and Refrigeration are also dispersed.  By contrast, patenting in Tobacco,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34527

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SOUTH: ABSOLUTE NECESSITY OR ILLUSION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31827

Internetnutzung in der deutschen Agrarwirtschaft: Online-Handelsportale als neue Organisationsform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bocker,   Andreas; Brodersen,   Claus M.
This paper describes the concept of E-commerce portals, so called E-hubs, in its basic characteristics and analyses their potential impacts on agribusiness enterprises and agricultural markets. Since these impacts depend on the level of market penetration of this new type of organisation, it is further attempted to identify the most relevant factors that determine future acceptance and utilisation of internet portals at sector and enterprise level.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: E-commerce; Agriculture; Farm trade; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98877

THE VALUE TO CONSUMERS OF GM FOOD LABELS IN A MARKET WITH ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION: EVIDENCE FROM EXPERIMENTAL AUCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
With the controversy over genetically modified (GM) foods continuing to grow, there has been a major push for mandatory labeling of GM foods by consumer advocacy and environmental groups in the United States.  These groups maintain that consumers would benefit from labels.  Other groups think that requiring mandatory GM food labels would be too costly, or could confuse consumers.  Currently the United States has voluntary labeling policy for GM foods, but several other countries require mandatory labeling.  Implementing a mandatory labeling policy in the United States would involve costs, both variable and fixed, and would have benefits.   This paper presents empirical evidence on consumers' willingness to pay for foods with and without GM labels using...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20553

MANAGING PEST RESISTANCE: THE POTENTIAL OF CROP ROTATIONS AND SHREDDING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Secchi,   Silvia.
The current debate over resistance management plans mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency for transgenic crops ignores management practices that are complementary to refuge schemes.  A dynamic production model is developed that measures the costs and benefits of crop rotation and shredding in terms of delaying resistance to Bt corn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Common property resource; Crop rotation; European Corn Borer; Externalities; Insecticide resistance; Integrated pest management; Intertemporal optimization; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21597

IMPLICATIONS OF EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Mary E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29599

Innovation in Food Products: First-mover Strategy and Entropy Metrics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.; Hooker,   Neal H.; Shanahan,   Christopher J.; Broring,   Stefanie.
The objective of this research is to investigate food product innovation in the context of the first-mover strategy among food manufacturers within agrifood supply chains. The emphasis of the analysis is on developing a useful metric for tracking new product development in the context of first-mover strategy. Entropy is introduced as a novel and useful means of examining first-mover strategy and new product development (NPD) in general. Understanding the complexities of the first-mover strategy and tracking NPD with entropy metrics holds promise for enhancing the analysis of agrifood supply chains and assisting firms in deciphering broad strategies of their rivals.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: First-mover strategy; Food product innovation; Entropy; Organic; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53729

ADOPTION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION GATHERING TECHNOLOGIES AND VARIABLE RATE INPUT APPLICATION TECHNOLOGIES BY COTTON FARMERS IN THE SOUTHEAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Steven W.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Goodman,   W. Robert; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Shurley,   W. Donald; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Probit analysis identified factors influencing adoption of precision farming technologies by Southeastern cotton farmers.  Younger, more educated farmers who operated larger farms and were optimistic about the future of precision farming were most likely to adopt site-specific information technology.  The probability of adopting variable rate input application technology was higher for younger farmers who operated larger farms, owned more of the land they farmed, were more informed about the costs and benefits of precision farming, and were optimistic about the future of precision farming.  Computer use was not important possibly because custom hiring shifts the burden of computer use to agribusiness firms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34768

IDENTITY PRESERVATION AND LABELING OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED PRODUCTS: SYSTEM DESIGN AND ENFORCEMENT ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo; Lapan,   Harvey E.
This paper analyzes economic issues that arise in devising a credible and enforceable system of identity preservation and labeling for genetically modified (GM) and non-GM products. The model represents three stages in the supply chain: farm production, marketing handlers, and final users. The possibility of accidental co-mingling of non-GM products is modeled at the marketing stage. Regulation takes the form of a threshold level of purity for non-GM products, a probability of government testing to verify compliance with the threshold level, and a fine for violators. Uncertainty is modeled explicitly, such that would-be suppliers of non-GM products always face some risk of failing the test and incurring a fine. The paper also presents a novel demand...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Enforcement; Food labeling; Identity preservation; Regulation; Uncertainty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18355

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND WELFARE IN AN ECONOMY WITH DISTORTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perrin,   Richard K.; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.
Traditional measures of the benefits of technological change use producer prices.  Consumer-oriented measures are more appropriate but they require knowledge of price impacts.  They may diverge in the presence of distortions.  This paper shows that in general equilibrium they are interrelated differing by the price effect of the technological change.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21013

Technology adoption and farmer efficiency in multiple crops production in eastern Ethiopia: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric distance functions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Zeller,   Manfred.
This study compares the empirical performances of the parametric distance functions(PDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) with applications to adopters of improved cereal production technology in eastern Ethiopia. The results from both approaches revealed substantial technical inefficiencies of production among the sample farmers. Technical efficiency estimates obtained from the two approaches are positively and significantly correlated. However, the DEA approach is shown to be very sensitive to outliers as well as to the choice of orientation. The PDF results are relatively more robust. The results from the preferred PDF approach revealed that adopters of improved technology have average technical efficiencies of 79%, implying that they could...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multiple outputs; Distance functions; DEA; Technical efficiency; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44089

Telecommunications Reforms in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Cassey.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30648

AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF TRAINING:  A CASE STUDY OF THE MALAWIAN AND TANZANIAN BEAN/COWPEA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howes,   Teresa Jean.
The Bean/Cowpea collaborative research support program (CRSP) was established to address the problems of hunger and malnutrition in Africa and Latin America by increasing smallholder production of beans and cowpeas, major subsistence crops.  This was to be accomplished by developing and testing improved technologies and enhancing the abilities of developing country scientists to solve problems related to bean and cowpea production and use.  A major accomplishment of the CRSP has been to increase agricultural scientific research and training  capacity.  The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the training component of the Malawi and Tanzania Bean/Cowpea CRSP's.  The evaluation examines the impacts of training on the individual research scientists, on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11157

ESTIMATING RETURNS FROM PAST INVESTMENTS INTO BEEF CATTLE GENETICS RD&amp;E IN AUSTRALIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffith,   Garry R.; Farquharson,   Robert J.; Barwick,   Steve; Banks,   Rob; Holmes,   Bill.
This study aimed at estimating the costs and benefits of all beef cattle genetic improvement activity, across Australia, over the period 1970 to the present. The total cumulative Present Value (PV) of investments by industry, government and other agencies into selection, crossbreeding and grading up since 1963, and of imported genetics, was estimated to be $340m (in $2001 at a 7% discount rate). Using a suite of genetic evaluation models, farming systems models and an industry-level model, the cumulative PV of industry returns were estimated. Within-breed selection generated $944m; crossbreeding in southern Australia $255m; changing breed composition in southern Australia $62m; and changing breed composition in northern Australia $8.1bn. The benefit/cost...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25864

LE BURUNDI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Beintema,   Nienke M.; Ndimurirwo,   Leonidas.
Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche agricole publique au Burundi et les tendances institutionnelles qui se sont manifestées dans ce domaine depuis le début des années 90 en se basant sur de nouvelles données d’enquête rassemblées dans le cadre de l’Initiative des Indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles ou ASTI (IFPRI–ISNAR–ASARECA 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16185

UTILITY, PROBABILITY, AND THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shwedel,   S. Kenneth.
The decision to adopt an innovation is seen as dependent upon the farmer's perception of: 1) the possible return from the innovation; and 2) the probability that that possibility will, indeed, be realized.  The institution's role is to provide information concerning the innovation and facilitate the acquisition of any additional and/or new inputs which would be required to utilize the innovation.  If the institution is perceived by the farmer as being unreliable, he will discount the information and the promise of additional inputs to be made by the institution.  This, in turn, would lower the expected value to be received from adopting the innovation.  It is possible that the farmer's distrust of the institution will be such that the expected value will...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11253

The Evolving Public Agricultural Research Portfolio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124078

Institutional Barriers to Technology Diffusion in Rural Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Erin.
This paper analyzes the connection between informal insurance institutions in rural Africa and the adoption of new technologies. We model two linked games -- a community risk-sharing game and an old-age insurance game -- and analyze the multiple equilibria that arise. We provide a numerical example that indicates that informal insurance institutions may put a downward pressure on the adoption of new technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19144

Valuing State-Level Funding for Research: Results for Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moss,   Charles B.
This study analyzes the value of agricultural research to Florida by examining the effect of research spending on agricultural productivity, as measured by a total factor productivity index, and profitability, as measured by net farm income.  Results suggest that research expenditures do increase agricultural productivity in the state.  However, agricultural productivity does not affect net cash income.  Further, the economic rents to the productivity gains do not accrue to land values.  Instead, the economic value of research innovations accrues more to consumers than to producers.  Thus, consumers are the ultimate beneficiaries of agricultural research in Florida, thereby justifying public funding for agricultural research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Research and development; State expenditures; Total factor productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; H40; H72; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43757

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND LAND ALLOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno,   Georgina; Sunding,   David L.
The paper considers the econometric modeling of technology adoption when crop choice is simultaneous. Bivariate probit is used to estimate a model of irrigation technology choice and land allocation using a unique field-level data set from California's Central Valley.  Special attention is paid to the proper calculation of marginal effects in the bivariate probit model, which are often useful for policy purposes. Estimation results confirm that the choices of irrigation technology and land allocation are simultaneous. With regard to the influence of price incentives on agricultural water use, estimation results from the bivariate probit model indicate that the influence of water price on the adoption of precision irrigation technology is much larger than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22134

Agricultural Biotechnology and the FTAA: Issues and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gaisford,   James D.
This article examines trade and intellectual property rights questions associated with agricultural biotechnology in the Western Hemisphere and goes on to chart a potential course through which they could be addressed by an agreement on a Free Trade Area of the Americas. Issues pertaining to import approvals, labelling, exports to sensitive markets, intellectual property piracy and regulatory cooperation are considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; BioSafety Protocol; Free Trade Area of the Americas; FTAA; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23926

SYNTHESIS REPORT OF WORKSHOP ON ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF POLICY-ORIENTED SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN SCHEVENINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS, NOVEMBER 12-13 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16580

Farm Computer Uptake and Practices in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuthall,   Peter L.; Bishop-Hurley,   G.J.
There is wide interest in both management circles and service industries in forecasts of the future uptake of computers on farm and horticultural businesses. Similarly, knowledge of how computer owning managers are utilizing them is of interest. From a 1992/93 postal survey of a stratified random sample of New Zealand producers it was determined that of the 24 per cent with computers, 19 per cent used them for business purposes and 5 per cent solely for entertainment and other non-business functions. An analysis of the length of past and anticipated ownership suggests New Zealand farmers are near the maximum uptake rate on the traditional sigmoid adoption curve. Existing ownership was positively correlated with farmer education level and farm size. On...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12334

GM FOOD LABELING POLICIES OF THE U.S. AND ITS TRADING PARTNERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
Much of the international controversy of GM foods is due to labeling policies.  Countries around the world have chosen different policies to label GM foods.  We examine the labeling policies of several areas: the United States, the European Union, Australia, Japan, Canada, and China.  We discuss each country's GM labeling policy, along with a brief history of how each country arrived at their current policy.  We conclude by discussing how different policies are due to different ethical concerns of GM foods, along with the difference in perceived risks GM foods pose to health, the environment, and trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; GM foods; Labeling; Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18245

Legal requirements that artists receive resale royalties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6106

A Dynamic Count Data Analysis of University Ag-Biotech Patents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Kim,   Kwansoo; Barham,   Bradford L.
This paper examines the factors that account for ag-biotech patenting success among universities using a dynamic count data model. It builds a theoretical and econometric model to capture the inherently dynamic and nonlinear process of technological innovation, wherein a feedback mechanism from previous success partially determines current patent counts. The econometric estimates reveal the importance to ag-biotech patent production of land grant infrastructure, quality faculty, state and institutional funding, patent-oriented technology transfer offices, as well as dynamic feedback effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25230

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Growth and Unemployment in Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ayinde,   Opeyemi Eyitayo; Ayinde,   Kayode; Memudu,   I. J. B.; Ojehomon,   V.I.
Unemployment which has been identified as the major cause of poverty is a worldwide economic problem. Poverty alleviation has been a great concern to developing countries. The economic burden of unemployment on a society necessitates this study. Consequently, this study analyses the Nigerian agricultural growth rate, its contributions, and examines the linkage and dimension of agricultural growth and unemployment rates. Collected time series data were analyzed with the aid of t – test, Duncan Multiple Range test, Granger Causality test and regression analysis.   Results showed that Nigerian agricultural growth rate has an inverse relationship with unemployment and re – establish the Cobweb supply theory. In addition, increase in agricultural growth...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cobweb supply theory; Granger Causality test; Nigeria; Unemployment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52147

ECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN U.S. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PLANT BREEDING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Walker,   Thomas S.
Private investment in plant breeding has been increasing while public plant breeding has stagnated or declined.  Moreover, research investment among crop commodities is uneven.  Using a comprehensive survey of U.S. plant breeders from 1994, we use a simultaneous equations model to examine incentives and public-private tradeoffs in plant breeding research among 84 crop commodities.  Allocation of private breeders among crops is strongly influenced by market size, hybrid seed technology, and ease of breeding improvement.  In general, the allocation of public breeders does not appear to "crowd out" private breeders, but some competition may occur in applied breeding.  Public breeding declines as private breeding increases on a commodity.  Public breeding is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research policy; Hybrid seed; Plant breeders; Three stage least squares; Tobit; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160; L330; O310; O320.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15453

Cross-Border Intellectual Property Rights: Contract Enforcement and Absorptive Capacity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naghavi,   Alireza; Tsai,   Yingyi.
Current version uploaded April 2013.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; TRIPS; Nash Bargaining; Contract Enforcement; Development; Absorptive Capacity; Monitoring; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34; F13; F53; D78; L10; O33; C70.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122864

Agricultural Growth, Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Outcomes of AAAE Conference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nambiro,   Elizabeth; Omare,   Musa N.; Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This report is a summary of emerging issues affecting African agriculture, recent experiences and policy proposals that can guide interventions in improving the sector’s productivity. Agriculture is at the centre of rural poverty reduction in Africa and urgent measures are needed to increase farm yields and incomes in order to stem collapse of economies and societies.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: AAAE; African Association of Agricultural Economists; Millennium development goals in Africa; Agricultural policies; Agricultural research systems; Poverty reduction; Agricultural productivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q010; Q130; Q170; Q180; Q560.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50144

THE USE OF INTERMODAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES BY INTERMODAL PORTS AND TERMINALS SERVING AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCT FIRMS IN MISSISSIPPI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Albert J.; Couvillion,   Warren C.; Mumma,   Gerald A.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26532

VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL COORDINATION IN THE AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Bjornson,   Bruce.
Agro-biotechnology is evolving from a pre-commercial phase dominated by basic research science to a commercial phase oriented around marketing products.  In pursuing innovation rents in the commercial phase, firms are reorienting their strategies around complementary marketing and distribution assets.  This is impacting vertical and horizontal industry structure.  Conversely, industry structure is also impacting firm strategies.  Horizontal alliances and consolidation continue from the pre-commercial phase into the commercial phase, while vertical coordination and integration strategies are accelerating rapidly.  Interplay between firm strategy and industry structure is too complex for firms to anticipate early in the pre-commercial phase for long-term...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acquisitions; Agricultural biotechnology; Firm strategy; Industry consolidation; Industry structure; Mergers; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15537

Assessment of participatory management of irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka: Partial reforms, partial benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Samad,   Madar; Vermillion,   Douglas Lynn.
Describes the application of a standard methodology developed by IWMI to assess the impact of irrigation management transfer on the performance of irrigation schemes. Includes detailed analysis of the effects of participatory management on the performance of irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Privatization; Policy; Performance evaluation; Indicators; Operating costs; Irrigation management; Economic aspects; Returns; Participatory management; Farmer participation; Government managed irrigation systems; Small scale systems; Large-scale systems; Regression analysis; Models; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44577

ECONOMIES OF SIZE OF A COORDINATED BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK HARVEST SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thorsell,   Sara; Epplin,   Francis M.; Huhnke,   Raymond L.
The objective of this research is to determine the cost to harvest lignocellulosic biomass, such as crop residue and perennial grasses, for use as biorefinery feedstock, and to determine the potential economies of size that might result from a coordinated structure.  The estimates show that substantial size economies are possible.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35059

INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN A MIXED OLIGOPOLY: THE ROLE OF CO-OPERATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Fulton,   Murray E.
This paper develops a sequential game theoretic model of heterogeneous producers to examine the effect of co-operative involvement on innovation activity in the agricultural input-supplying sector. Analytical results show that the co-operative involvement in R&amp;D can be welfare enhancing and, thus, socially desirable. The presence of the co-op can increase the arrival rate of innovations and productivity growth while reducing the prices of agricultural inputs. The effectiveness of the co-op is determined by the size of R&amp;D costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19771

The changing organizational basis of African agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roseboom,   Johannes; Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.
"November 1998". Also published as ISNAR paper no. 98-17". Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research--Economic aspects; Research institutes; Africa; Agriculture--Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97515

Cornell Commodity Promotion Research Program: Summary of Recent Research Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.; Ferrero,   Jennifer L.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122718

A diffusion model for the adoption of agricultural innovations in structured adopting populations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McRoberts,   Neil; Franke,   A.C.
We introduce a new model for examining the dynamics of uptake of technological innovations in agricultural systems, using the adoption of zero-till wheat in the rice-wheat system in Haryana state, India, as a case study. A new equation is derived which describes the dynamics of adoption over time and takes into account the effect of aggregation (e.g. on a spatial and/or cultural basis) in the adopting population on the rate of adoption. The model extends previous phenomenological models by removing the assumption of homogeneity in the non-adopting fraction of the population. We show how factors affecting the per capita rate of adoption can be captured using cognitive mapping and simulate the dynamics of the adoption process.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bass curve; Adoption; Innovation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61117

Options pour la croissance économique du Mali à travers l’application des sciences et technologies à l’agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Carpenter,   Janet; Easterling,   Tom; Kone,   Moctar; McCornick,   Peter G.; McGahuey,   Mike.
Recognizing that science and technology research (S&amp;T) is one of many inputs into the broader development process, USAID/Mali, via its Initiative to End Hunger in Africa, requested an assessment of the current S&amp;T situation in Mali. USAID asked the assessment team to produce a comprehensive strategic options plan for a Malian S&amp;T agenda that would identify priority short-term actions to stimulate uptake of S&amp;T results likely to make significant contributions to the attainment of Mali’s broad development goals, while simultaneously developing a coherent longer-term action plan to maintain and improve the human, physical, and financial capital needed to generate future streams of S&amp;T results. The scope of work for the assessment team...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mali; Growth; Technology; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57069

Improving Food Security in Africa: Highlights of 25 Years of Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Food Security Group at Michigan State University.
Decades of research have led to substantially improved understanding of the nature of food insecurity. A combination of economic growth and targeted programs resulted in a steady fall (until the food crisis of 2007/08) in the percentage of the world’s population suffering from undernutrition (from 20% in 1990/92 to 16% in 2006). Yet over a billion people still face both chronic and/or transitory food insecurity due to long-standing problems of inadequate income, low-productivity in agricultural production and marketing, and related problems of poor health and absence of clean water. Assuring adequate food security for such a large share of the world’s population is increasingly challenging due to continuing resource degradation driven by a combination of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Food Security; Research; Capacity building; Outreach; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q10; Q18; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55050

PREPARING FOR A COMPUTER SYSTEM IN A WHOLESALE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE COMPANY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lederer,   Bruce E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27493

COMPUTER ADOPTION PATTERNS OF U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Feng; Park,   Timothy A.
This paper analyzes computer adoption patterns of U.S. small businesses. First, the association between computer use and firm performance is investigated with a linear model while controlling for various characteristics of the firm and its owner. Then an ordered probit model is used to model small business computer adoption decision. And computer adoption portfolios are also analyzed at the end.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20250

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND RISK MANAGEMENT: AN APPLICATION TO THE ECONOMICS OF CORN PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Kwansoo; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
The paper investigates the linkages between technological change and production risk, with an application to corn. The effects of technology on risk exposure are characterized based on the properties of the risk premium. We define technological progress to be risk-increasing (risk-decreasing) if it increases (decreases) the relative risk premium. The analysis is applied to panel data from Wisconsin research stations. Conditional moments (including mean, variance and skewness) of corn yield, grain moisture and corn profit are estimated for different sites. We investigate how the trade-off between expected return and the risk premium varies over time and over space. The empirical results indicate that technological progress contributes to reducing the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20605

Global Status of Genetically Modified Crops: Current Trends and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hautea,   Randy A.
Modern biotechnology-facilitated crop improvement is undoubtedly one of the most significant technological developments in agriculture. The first wave of genetically-modified (GM) or transgenic crops include cultivars with important input traits such as herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. Future products are expected to provide benefits that could include tolerance to environmental stresses and enhanced nutritional content, which can be particularly valuable in crops that are important to many developing countries, where the challenges of sustainable food production are more critical. Rates of adoption of GM crops are unprecedented and are among the highest for any new technologies by agricultural industry standards. The global area of GM crops...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123928

RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND DECISION ANALYSIS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishel,   Walter L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13479

Assessing the Impact of Cowpea and Sorghum Research and Extension in Northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; Bernsten,   Richard H.
Throughout Africa, per capita food production has been declining since the early 1960s. Cameroon has sought to counter this trend by increasing agricultural productivity through research and extension. In order to establish future investment priorities, policy makers need to know if past agricultural research investments have earned sufficient returns to justify continued funding. Further, national experiences need to be compared to see if returns varied across programs, and in cases where they did, explanations need to be sought to discover why these variations exist. To address these issues, data were collected in Cameroon and analyzed in order to estimate the benefits and costs of investments in sorghum and cowpea research and extension in northern...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Cowpea; Sorghum; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 17; Q16.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54727

TRADE IN THE MARKET OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS AND THE THEORY OF THE INTERMEDIARY FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haghiri,   Morteza; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14542

AN ATEMPORAL MICROECONOMIC THEORY AND AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF PRICE-INDUCED TECHNICAL PROGRESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caputo,   Michael R.; Paris,   Quirino.
An exhaustive comparative statics analysis of a general price taking cost-minimizing model of the firm operating under the influence of price-induced technical progress is carried out from a dual vista. The resulting refutable implications are observable and thus amenable to empirical verification, and take on the form of a symmetric and negative semidefinite matrix. Using data from individual cotton gins in California’s San Joaquin Valley, we empirically test the complete set of implications of the price-induced technical progress theory using both classical and Bayesian statistical procedures. We find that the data are fully consistent with the atemporal, costminimizing, price-induced microeconomic theory of technical progress.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11992

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND POVERTY REDUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16331

A MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICE IN THE CALIFORNIA WILD RICE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Noel,   Jay E.; Ahern,   James.
Technological choice and competitive strategy issues are reviewed and then a framework for choosing between two competing technologies is proposed.The two competing technologies differ in their ability to store and process wild rice over a marketing year. The traditional technologies requires almost immediate processing of the harvested wild rice while the experimental technology allows harvested wild rice to be stored and processed over the course of the marketing year.  Technological choice is explored using multiattribute utility analysis and two economic evaluations.  The economic evaluations are payback period analysis and internal rate of return analysis given uncertain demand conditions.  The experimental technology is shown to be the dominant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19870

Green Revolution Counterfactuals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Msangi,   Siwa; Sulser,   Timothy B.
In this paper, we conduct two “"counterfactual" simulations for the 30-year period 1970-2000-the first holding 1970 crop genetic improvements (CGI) constant and the second presuming the International Agricultural Research Center (IARC) system had not been built. Both these counterfactuals apply to developing countries only. The core estimates on which the counterfactuals are based include country fixed effects , and the key estimates are for the Dietary Energy Sufficiency (DES) equation. DES affects birth rates, death rates, child mortality rates and malnutrition rates, making it possible to “"endogenize”" population growth in developing countries, in the counterfactuals.  Reduced DES levels (from reduced CGI contributions) will lead to more births, more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21363

Strategies in the Application of Biotech to Drought Tolerance (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albertsen,   Marc.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33342

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 698
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Stanley C.
Emerging Genetic Engineering Technologies and Minnesota Agriculture
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13201

ESTIMATING FARM-LEVEL EFFECTS OF ADOPTING BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   William W.; Price,   Gregory K.; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge.
This study estimates farm-level effects of adopting 1997 herbicide-tolerant soybeans, Bt cotton, and herbicide-tolerant cotton and compares results obtained from various data sources.  While adopters' yields are generally higher and pest control costs lower than those of nonadopters, considerable differences exist in farm-level effects across data sources and production regions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20484

A MODEL OF INFORMATION AND I.T. ADOPTION IN FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohtadi,   Hamid; Kinsey,   Jean D.
Evidence from the Food Supply chain suggests that food retailers often exhibit a reluctance to share information with their suppliers even when this benefits both parties. For example, inventory coordination and reduced costs may be realized by adopting appropriate supply chain management technologies such as cooperative planning, forecasting, and replenishment. This behavior is explained by viewing information as a strategic asset and modeling information exchange and the corresponding adoption of information technologies and analysis as a strategic game, i.e., an economic model where food retailers and their suppliers operate with uncertainty.  The game is based on stylized facts from the food industry. Some key results from the game model are: (a) under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Information technology; Supply chain; IT strategy; Food industry; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14299

Emerging markets and innovation: A partnership for global progress
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sara,   Tejinder; Hall Jackson,   Faye.
The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the role innovation plays in global competition and discuss how companies from some of the emerging markets are using innovation to compete with global companies from the developed world.  Innovation is linked to the marketing concept as a driver for developing new products, services, and/or delivery systems. As global borders disappear, and training and education along with trade freedom increase, the opportunity for innovation increases. This writing offers a forward look into the global possibilities of emerging market innovation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Global competition; Innovation firms.; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; F23; M16; O31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95945

META-RULES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schreiner,   Mark.
Meta-rules, or rules for making rules, determine the costs of innovation and thus the pace of economic growth. Adapting rules to a changing economic environment through explicit, well-designed meta- rules makes economic growth quicker, less painful, and more certain than adapting rules through chance-based evolution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28331

Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnston,   Robyn M.; Hoanh,   Chu Thai; Lacombe,   Guillaume; Noble,   Andrew D.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Suhardiman,   Diana; Kam,   Suan Pheng; Choo,   Poh Sze.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Rice; Fisheries; Livestock; Farming systems; Coastal area; Flood plains; Climate change; Environmental effects; Food production; Ecosystems; Water management; South East Asia; Greater Mekong Subregion; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91465

NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FOR WESTERN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
Public and private R&amp;D are important sources of advances in knowledge leading to new technologies for and products from agriculture in western developed countries.  Over the past fifteen years, a significant reduction in the rate of growth of public funding for agricultural research in western developed countries has occurred relative to the preceding decade.  The future, however, holds unexplored options for the organization of public agricultural research.  Advances in the theory of impure public goods can be applied to create new financing jurisdictions and funding sources for public agricultural research. Advances in principal-agent theory can be applied to the unique characteristics of the R&amp;D production process, i.e., output is highly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18270

A Model of Endogenous Market Structure, Innovation, and Licensing in Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Benjamin; Sheldon,   Ian M.
We develop a model of endogenous market structure and sunk cost R&amp;D investment that allows for the licensing of technology among competitors. Our theoretical model predicts both a greater lower bound to market concentration and higher levels of quality compared to the case without licensing. These result simply that in markets in which licensing and a symmetric R&amp;D costs are prevalent, such as the agricultural biotechnology sector, the ability to license technology generates more concentration among firms but also improves consumer welfare by incentivizing the production of higher quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61786

NEW ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY DETERMINANTS: IMPACT OF FUNDING SOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Evenson,   Robert E.
This paper examines the impact of public and private agricultural research and extension on agricultural total factor productivity at the state level. We test the hypothesis that the composition of agricultural experiment station funding share of funding from impact of federal competitive grants and contracts and from federal formula and state government appropriations---affects the productivity of public agricultural research using data for the 48 contiguous states over 1970-1999.  Our results show not only that sources of funding matter, but that an increase in federal competitive grant funding at the expense of federal formula funding would lower the productivity of public agricultural research. Furthermore, our simulation results show that a few states...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18201

THE EFFECT OF INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS ON EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN THE US MIDWEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monchuk,   Daniel C.; Miranowski,   John A.
This study uses an overlapping generations (OLG) model with two labor types and two employment regions to examine factors driving labor migration. Specifically, we examine the effect of innovative behavior on employment growth. Using an OLG model, we test this hypothesis in the Midwestern States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota for eight sectors of employment. We find innovative behavior as measured by patents has a positive effect on employment growth in all sectors studied for the growth period 1969-99.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19773

COST OF SEGREGATING NON-TRANSGENIC GRAINS AT COUNTRY ELEVATORS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Van der Sluis,   Evert; Wilhelm,   Clayton J.
Genetically modified grains have rapidly become popular among producers across U.S.  Some consumers, particularly in the EU, South Korea, and Japan, are unwilling to purchase products containing ingredients from genetically modified or transgenic crops.  This paper develops a model to represent costs of segregating non-transgenic grains at country elevators and simulates these costs at representative elevators in South Dakota under alternative scenarios employing a case study approach. The overall cost of segregating non-transgenic grains under a zero rejection rate ranged from 1.5 to 21.7, 1.2 to 11.3, and 1.3 to 16.4 cents per bushel, for corn, soybeans, and wheat, respectively.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36262

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD RETAILING INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: SUPERMARKETS IN VIETNAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagen,   James M.
Modernization of food retailing in developing economies,focusing on the early stages of retail modernization in Vietnam is examined. This modernization represents innovation that is sought by the host country and that depends on knowledge transfer. Retail modernization has profound effects on the host country and its food system. Innovation at the consumption (retail) end of the food supply chain warrants attention similar to that devoted to knowledge transfer at the production (farming) end of the chain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16612

Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Ungtae; Kaluarachchi,   Jagath J.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrology; River basins; Runoff; Precipitation; Models; Dams; Operating policies; Water power; Drought; Analysis; Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Sudan; Upper Blue Nile River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53025

Zambia's Stop-And-Go Revolution: The Impact of Policies and Organizations on the Development and Spread of Maize Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Mungoma,   Catherine.
This paper explores how Zambia's policy and organizational environment has shaped the development, spread, and more recently, the disadoption of maize technology. It also traces the political motivations that drove the establishment of the policy and organizational framework supporting maize production and impeded the efficient operation of the parastatal-managed marketing system. Options facing Zambian policy makers for increasing food production under evolving political and economic conditions are discussed in the light of these experiences.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008-July 2009: 14; Q18.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54689

Non-bossy Social Classification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitrov,   Dinko; Puppe,   Clemens.
We consider the problem of how societies should be partitioned into classes if individuals express their views about who should be put with whom in the same class. A non-bossiness condition makes the social aggregator dependent only on those cells of the individual partitions the society members classify themselves in. This information is used to construct for each profile of views an opinion graph. By means of natural sovereignty and liberalism requirements, we characterize the non-bossy aggregators generating partitions in which the social classes are refinements of the connected components in the opinion graph.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Aggregation; Group Identity; Liberalism; Non-bossiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55328

USING BEST WORST SCALING TO INVESTIGATE PERCEPTIONS OF CONTROL AND CONCERN OVER FOOD AND NON-FOOD RISKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erdem,   Seda; Rigby,   Dan.
This research locates a series of risks or hazards within a framework characterized by the level of control respondents believe they have over the risks, and the level of worry the risks prompt. It does this for a set of both food and non-food risks. The means by which this is done is novel and differs from past risk perception analyses in that it asks people directly regarding their relative assessments of the levels of control and worry regarding the risks presented. The cognitive burden associated with people ranking and scaling items in large sets is notoriously heavy and so this study uses an elicitation method designed to make the process intuitive and cognitively manageable for respondents. The substantive analysis of the risk perceptions has 4 main...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Best-worst scaling; Maximum Difference; Food; Risk; Perception; Novel Technology; E.coli; UK; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; Q18; Q51; D03; D12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61518

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE U.S. BEEF AND PORK SECTORS: IMPACTS ON FARM-WHOLESALE MARKETING MARGINS AND LIVESTOCK PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.
Real livestock prices and farm-wholesale marketing margins have steadily declined over the past 20 years. Many studies have examined the effects of increasing packer concentration on these declines. However, most have generally failed to account directly for technological change in livestock production and red meat slaughtering. We estimate reduced form models for beef and pork farm-wholesale marketing margins and cattle and hog prices that specifically include measures of technological change. Empirical results indicate that meat packing technology has reduced real margins and technological change embodied in cattle and hog production accounts for substantial declines in real slaughter cattle and hog prices. When technological change is explicitly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock prices; Marketing margins; Packer concentration; Technological change; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D4.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29242

THE IMPORTANCE OF SUMGAIT INDUSTRIAL CENTER IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AZERBAIJAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aliyev,   Shafa.
The paper discusses production capacity of Sumgait industrial center in Azerbaijan. The author observes priority policy directions to utilize available production capacity of this regional industrial complex.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sumgait industrial zone; Industrial development; Production capacity; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94535

PUBLIC SUPPORT OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Demand functions for teaching, research and extension (TRE) personnel in seven administrative units of U.S. agricultural experiment stations are estimated from panel data, decennial observations, 1950 to 1987.  The results reveal that the demand for the services of TRE personnel has not declined in the 1980s, given the demographic and economic conditions of the times. Moreover, there is no evidence to suggest that the long run demand elasticities have declined during the post-World War II period in spite of economic growth. From these results one might conclude that the demand for the services produced by experiment stations will continue to increase as the real value of agricultural production, population, and real per capita income increase. However,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14229

Ambiguous Aggregation of Expert Opinions: The Case of Optimal R&amp;D Investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Athanassoglou,   Stergios; Bosetti,   Valentina; Maere d'Aertrycke,   Gauthier de.
How should a decision-maker allocate R&amp;D funds when a group of experts provides divergent estimates on a technology's potential effectiveness? To address this question, we propose a simple decision-theoretic framework that takes into account ambiguity over the aggregation of expert opinion and a decision-maker's attitude towards it. In line with the paper's focus on R&amp;D investment, decision variables in our model may affect experts' subjective probability distributions of the future potential of a technology. Using results from convex optimization, we are able to establish a number of analytical results including a closed-form expression of our model's value function, as well as a thorough investigation of its differentiability properties. We apply...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambiguity; Expert Opinions; R&amp;D; Convex/Conic Optimization; Aggregation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; D81; Q42.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121719

The Nature of Agribusiness Management Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforte,   Daniel.
What do we do, when we do agribusiness management research? Who do we serve and how is it different than research in other management fields? What disciplines influence our work? Is there a unique body of agribusiness theory? In an attempt to answer these questions I conducted a very pedestrian exploratory study.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Management; Research; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103991

Technical Efficiency of the Crop Farms under the Various CAP Reforms: Empirical Studies for Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhu,   Xueqin; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
We analyse the impacts of the CAP reforms on the technical efficiency of the crop farms. We use an output distance function and an inefficiency effects model which incorporates the influences of exogenous variables on farm efficiency. We formulate policy variables (e.g. the CAP subsidies) and producer characteristics as explanatory variables in the inefficiency effects model. We use the 1995- 2004 FADN data to estimate the production frontiers of the crop farms in Germany, Netherlands and Sweden, to derive their technical efficiency, and to determine the effects of the explanatory variables. The study shows that the 10-year average technical efficiency of crop farms is 59% in Germany, 75% in Netherlands, and 70% in Sweden. The average annual technical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; The CAP reform; Frontier models; Crop farming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6589

USDA Conservation Programs: Past, Present,  and Future (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doering,   Otto C., III.
This presentation will discuss the effectiveness of  past and current USDA conservation programs, and  their applicability to future conservation challenges.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62082

Consumer Perception of Sorghum Variety Attributes in the Lake Zone Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mafuru,   January M.; Norman,   David W.; Fox,   J.S.
Many sorghum varieties have been developed by research institutes in an effort to address food security problems in the semi-arid areas of Tanzania. Although sorghum is better adapted to drier areas than maize, farmer adoption rates for sorghum varieties are always lower than that of maize. In addition, maize based food is more acceptable to urban consumers than sorghum based food. In this study consumer evaluated quality attributes of sorghum ugali based on different varieties in order to determine marketing potential relating to the different improved sorghum varieties. A total of 231 consumers, randomly selected from urban and rural areas participated in a food panel to evaluate ugali prepared from five sorghum varieties (three improved, two local)....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Consumer perception; Conjoint analysis; Sorghum varieties; Tanzania; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52079

Impacts of Expanded Ethanol Production on Southern Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Susanto,   Dwi; Rosson,   C. Parr, III; Hudson,   Darren.
This study analyzes the potential impacts of expanded ethanol production on southern agriculture. Results of regression analysis suggest that acreage planted for field crops (corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat) is inelastic with respect to relative prices. The results provide statistical evidence of potential significant acreage shifts favoring corn over cotton, soybeans, and wheat. Simulations indicate that higher corn prices will increase corn acreage, but the South continues to be a deficit corn region. U.S. corn production is capable of supplying domestic demand for ethanol, feed for livestock and poultry, and other uses, while maintaining exports at more than 2 billion bushels annually.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Acreage shifts; Corn exports; Ethanol production; Southern agriculture; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47200

Financial Situation and Performance of Canadian Farms 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niekamp,   Deborah.
This publication is a resource book of statistics on farm income in Canada. Farm income is a complex issue because of the diversity of Canadian farms and agricultural production in Canada.  This resource book focuses on both income and the opportunities and challenges facing Canadian producers to provide a better understanding of the financial conditions of farms and farm families in Canada. Charts, figures and tables with brief accompanying text are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm Income; Farm Debt; Farm Typology; Farm Performance; Farm Net Worth; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53769

Broadband Internet's Value for Rural America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Vogel,   Stephen J.; Cromartie,   John; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Brown,   Dennis M.
As broadband—or high-speed—Internet use has spread, Internet applications requiring high transmission speeds have become an integral part of the “Information Economy,” raising concerns about those who lack broadband access. This report analyzes (1) rural broadband use by consumers, the community-at-large, and businesses; (2) rural broadband availability; and (3) broadband’s social and economic effects on rural areas. It also summarizes results from an ERS-sponsored workshop on rural broadband use, and other ERS-commissioned studies. In general, rural communities have less broadband Internet use than metro communities, with differing degrees of broadband availability across rural communities. Rural communities that had greater broadband Internet access had...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Internet; Broadband; High-speed Internet; Rural economies; Rural economic growth; Digital economy; Telemedicine; Rural; Urban; Census data; June Agricultural Survey; Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); ERS; USDA; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55944

Adoption and impact of an award winning post-harvest technology: The ASI rice thresher in the Senegal River Valley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Mandiaye; Demont,   Matty; Diagne,   Aliou.
In Senegal, one of the highest rice import-dependent countries in Sub-Saharian Africa, double cropping is recommended in the new national program for the Great Offensive for Food and Abundance (GOANA) to boost rice production. This target impels the respect of cropping calendar by using improved technologies like the ASI thresher-cleaner. The causal or treatment effect framework (ATE and LATE) is used to estimate the ASI adoption rate and impact. The results show that the true ASI adoption rate would be 86 % if all the population of irrigated rice farmers were exposed to it. The socioeconomic characteristics that increase the probability to adopt the ASI thresher are farmer experience, farm size, and participation to ASI field experiments and/or contact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Impact; ATE; LATE; Senegal River Valley; ASI thresher; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50323

Innovación en el Cultivo del Maní en Bolivia: Efectos de la Interacción Social y de las Capacidades de Absorción  de los Pequeños Productores
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Arispe,   Tito; Monge,   Mario.
En Bolivia, la innovación en la agricultura es de suma importancia para el desarrollo. El sector agrícola de Bolivia se caracteriza por tener bajos índices de adopción de conocimiento avanzado en sus procesos productivos, a pesar de los esfuerzos continuos por parte de distintas instituciones y agencias de cooperación por desarrollar innovaciones entre los pequeños productores de escasos recursos. Una hipótesis para explicar este dilema es que el conocimiento y la tecnología proporcionados a través de las distintas iniciativas de desarrollo no han sido congruentes con las capacidades de absorción locales. Este informe presenta los resultados de un estudio de innovación local en cuatro regiones de Bolivia, en donde se cultiva maní. El estudio busca...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovación; Redes de innovación; Transferencia de tecnología; Análisis de redes sociales; Maní; Bolivia.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42422

Ex Ante Evaluation of the Separate Effects of Research and Extension
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lu,   Yao-Chi.
Much research work has been conducted in recent years to evaluate the effects of research and extension.2/ Some of these efforts were conducted at the national aggregate level, while others were conducted at the regional or community levels. The methodologies used in those studies varied, but most of the studies were based on regression analysis of ex post data. There are several difficulties associated with the above ex post analyses. First, the time lags from the time of research resource commitment to production of extendable technology (invention), i.e., the leadtime, ranges from a few years to decades. It is difficult to collect time series data to accommodate a long leadtime. Besides, the average lead time is not known unless one studies specific...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49074

IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY OF INDIAN FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coelli,   Tim J.; Battese,   George E.
The agricultural production of Indian farmers is investigated using a stochastic frontier production function which incorporates a model for the technical inefficiency effects. Farm-level data from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) are used. Variables considered in the model for the inefficiency effects include the age and level of education of the farmers, farm size and the year of observation. The parameters of the stochastic frontier production function are estimated simultaneously with those involved in the model for the inefficiency effects. This approach differs from the usual practice of predicting farm-level inefficiency effects and then regressing these upon various factors in a second-stage of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22395

Technological Concentration of Innovation in Agribusiness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfranca,   Oscar.
The main objective of the paper is to examine and discuss the nature of technological relationships across agrifood sectors in order to understand better the pattern of technological changes in the Food and Beverage sector. We propose a new estimator to confirm the existence of linkages between technological sectors (the Technological Concentration Index). A central conclusion from this work is that the quality of data is a principal determinant in the measurement of technological flows, and that probably the use of raw patent data could introduce a distortion in the qualification of the consequences of technological spillovers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24505

Motivation for Technology Adoption and Its Impact on Abandonment: A Case Study of U.S. Cotton Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.
We estimate a bivariate probit model with sample selection to identify factors affecting adoption and abandonment of precision farming technologies for cotton farmers, using the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey conducted in 12 Southern states in the United States.  Farmers for whom being at the forefront of agricultural technology is not an important reason for adoption are more likely to abandon precision farming technologies.  This study identified various factors associated with adoption and retention of precision farming technologies. Findings from this study offer significant information to policy‐makers for a better formulation of agri‐environmental programs that encourage farmers to adopt environmentally benign farming practices...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology Abandonment; Technology Adoption; Bivariate Probit with Sample Selection; Multinomial Logit; Precision Farming; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98838

Learning-oriented Evaluation: A tool for promoting institutional learning and program improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watts,   Jamie.
Evaluation processes of all types, including monitoring, review and impact assessment, offer unique opportunities for learning and provide useful feedback on what works and what doesn’t, and the reasons for success or failure. Involving staff members, partners and beneficiaries in the evaluation process allows them to reflect on their work, revisit their understanding of the project’s goals and activities, assess their effectiveness and take ownership of the evaluation findings. The knowledge created and the lessons learned through evaluation subsequently provide a basis for better project planning and implementation. This Brief outlines an evaluation approach that promotes learning and program improvement; it contrasts this approach with...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Impact Assessment; Monitoring; CGIAR; Evaluation; Learning; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52513

How Non-Research Investments Affect Research Impact: The Case of Maize Technology Adoption in Southern Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11287

FREEZE RISK AND ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY BY ORANGE PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew; Rimal,   Arbindra.
Orange producers in many regions of the U.S. are affected by the recurrence of frost.  This study evaluated 147 California farmers' perceptions of frost risk relative to other business risks.  Freeze risk perception was negatively related, for example, to farm size.  Large farmers with diversified businesses had lower perceptions of freeze risk than small farmers.  Change in crop location and the adoption of anti-frost technology were two important responses to freeze risk.  California farmers shifted their location to frost-prone areas and adopted anti-frost technology.  Florida farmers, however, diversified to less frost-prone areas and adopted new planting technologies instead of anti-frost technologies. Key words: anti-frost technologies,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anti-frost technologies; Diversification; Orange frost; Ordered probit model; Risk perception.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14728

AGROENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC RESEARCH FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: ANITICIPATING AND RESPONDING TO CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Katherine R.
It is proposed that "real" research issues are socially relevant, provide findings with utility beyond the profession, and are anticipatory.  An industrializing agricultural sector, an evolving political economy of agroenvironmental policy, an increasingly transnational economy, and rapid population growth are important sources of change to which research on real agroenvironmental issues must respond.  Specific, identified "real" research issue areas include: benefit-risk assessment methodology; agroenvironmental regulation for industrialized agriculture; trade agreements and environmental quality; the recreation-tourism-agriculture interface; sustainable development; and the formation of preferences.  The nature of identified issues suggests more...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31434

Estimation of the rate of return to wine grape research and technology development expenditures in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Townsend,   Rob F.; van Zyl,   Johan.
This article evaluates the impact of research and technology development in the wine grape industry in order to determine the rate of return (ROR) to these investments, and to make specific recommendations on funding. The analysis illustrates the applied and adaptive nature of the research conducted in the industry, with RORs of roughly 40 percent for R&amp;D and extension. This is high, providing excellent motivation for increased investment in R&amp;D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54789

Agribusiness Firm Reactions to Regulations: The Case of Investments in Traceability Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heyder,   Matthias; Hollmann-Hespos,   Thorsten; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
Markets for agricultural and food products are characterized by high information asymmetries since producers, processors and retailers are in most cases much better informed about the quality of their products than consumers (Henson/Traill 1993). Often consumers are only at (prohibitively) high costs or not at all able to control important quality criterions such as food safety, nutritional value or region of origin. Such credence attributes can result in market failure due to a lack of credible information in the market (Akerlof 1970). As a result, attempts to protect consumers against food hazards, product adulteration and deception have gained much relevance in food supply chains (Deimel et al. 2008). Besides the more or less voluntary private...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59118

Labor requirements and profitability of alternative soil fertility replenishment technologies in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ajayi,   Olu Clifford; Akinnifesi,   Festus K.
Low soil fertility is a major concern in agricultural productivity and development policy discourse in sub-saharan Africa. The problem is exacerbated by government withdrawal from fertilizer input markets and the inability of private sector operators to fill the gap. This warranted a search for other nutrient sources to supplement chemical fertilizers. Based on field data collected in Zambia, this study assessed the labor inputs implications of “improved tree fallows”, continuous maize cropping with and without mineral fertilizer and, evaluated the financial profitability of the different land use systems. Results show that agroforestry-based land use systems are more profitable (NPV between $233 and $309 per ha) than farmers’ practice of continuous maize...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Improved tree fallows; Financial analysis; Production economics; Southern Africa; Sustainable agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52185

Ex Ante Assessment of Consumption and Nutrition Effects of Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49059

BIASED BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE U.S. FARM SECTOR: A STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   C.S.; McElroy,   Robert G.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Hallahan,   Charles B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36526

INTRODUCING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH MALNUTRITION: AN ETHIOPIAN CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yigezu,   Yigezu A.; Sanders,   John H.
Many developing regions have excellent potential agricultural resources. However, historically population has become so concentrated on such small holdings that acute poverty and malnutrition now predominate. The food scientists’ response to the chronic nutritional problem has often been subsidized bio-fortification with nutritional supplements or more recently cultivars with higher nutrient levels. Where much of the population is in this inadequate nutrition category as in highland Ethiopia, the supplements are neither financially feasible nor sustainable. The cultivars can provide a few critical nutrients but are not a comprehensive solution. To improve nutrition, it is necessary to increase income so that an increased quality and quantitative diet can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Agricultural technologies; Striga resistance; Inorganic fertilizers; Tied-ridges; Marketing strategies; Inventory credit; Nutrition; Income; Capped-lexicographic utility.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; O33; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36813

Trust in Biotechnology Risk Managers: Insights from the United Kingdom, 1996-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Marks,   Leonie A.
During the late 1990s a series of negative events occurred in the United Kingdom (UK) related to biotechnology. These events signaled potential risks associated with biotech foods and crops and were highly reported. According to the trust asymmetry hypothesis, such events ought to cause public trust in risk managers of biotechnology to decline rapidly and rebound more slowly. We find, based on data taken from the Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 1996, 1999 and 2002, that public trust in risk managers did decline from 1996 to 1999. However, the level of trust rebounded sharply between 1999 and 2002. Canonical discriminant analysis of public trust is used to reveal possible explanatory factors in this response. We find that whether people trust or distrust...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92644

Science and Poverty: An Interdisciplinary Assessment of the Impact of Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Adato,   Michelle; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Agricultural research has greatly increased the yields of important staple food crops, and for many people this has meant more food availability and trade opportunities. Yet many people in rural areas in developing countries still live in abject poverty. Therefore, policymakers, donors, and researchers are refocusing their priorities away from simply producing more food to making sure that agricultural research benefits the poor in particular. How can we ensure that new agricultural technologies are appropriate for the different groups of people who most need assistance? Furthermore, how can we assess whether these new technologies actually reduce poverty? This report provides valuable answers by synthesizing lessons learned from seven case studies from...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42566

Technology, Larger Farm Size Increased Productivity on U.S. Hog Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Nigel D.; McBride,   William D.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123214

Impact of Agricultural Research on Poverty Alleviation: Conceptual Framework With Illustrations From the Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   John M.; Kolavalli,   Shashidhara.
This paper reviews the literature on the subject of the role of improved agricultural technology in alleviating poverty in developing countries. Focusing primarily on improved cultivars produced by the international agricultural research system, it shows how new technology combines with other socioeconomic and institutional factors to determine poverty alleviation outcomes. Technology’s role in alleviating poverty is both indirect and partial; technology alone cannot overcome poverty, nor can continued poverty be blamed on improved technology. The review is organized into three parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion. Part I introduces poverty (Chapter 2) and the achievements of agricultural research (Chapter 3).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42826

MODIFYING THE NEO-CLASSICAL APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION WITH BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynne,   Gary D.
The dualistic nature of humans has been recognized for centuries.  The intriguing question is the extent to which the human being with her/his display of concern for others can simultaneously act as an egoist, the latter being descriptive of the homo oeconomicus rendition of the human.  Multiple utility theory suggests a way to approach research on such issues.  A test case of water conserving technology adaptation behavior by Florida growers is examined.  Empirical evidence supports moving toward an expanded version of the mono-utility or I-utility model to include a We-utility.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Conservation technology; Meta-preferences; Multiple utility; Socioeconomics; Technology adoption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15322

Enhancing contributions of the informal sector to National development: The case of Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muwonge,   Abdu; Obwona,   Marios; Nambwaayo,   Victoria.
Regardless of the definition of the informal sector, there is wide spread consensus that the sector is important to the developing world. The International Lab-our Organization estimated that in 1990, 21 percent of the Sub-Saharan Africa's 227 million labour force was working in the informal economy. As the informal sector continued to grow both in urban and rural areas, there was a decline or stagnation in the growth of formal employment. The informal sector's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is increasing, although not much is known in most countries because the sector hardly enters the official statistical records. This study analyzes Uganda's informal sector size, contribution, formal-informal sector linkages, causes, constraints and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Employment; Informal markets; EPRC; Muwonge; Nambwaayo; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93813

A Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Comparison between Conventional and Biotech Sweet Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Popp,   Michael P.; Niederman,   Zara; Thompson,   Jada.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/19/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life Cycle Analysis; Greenhouse Gas; Sweet corn; Biotech; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103680

The Role of Demand and Supply in the Generation and Diffusion of Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7522

INNOVATION IN THE FOOD AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES: ACOMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Broring,   Stefanie; Roucan-Kane,   Maud.
Innovation is critical to the long-term success of a firm as well as the economic health of an industry and the overall economy. This manuscript presents an overview of the management literature regarding technology and innovation management. It also describes the unique characteristics of the food and agricultural sector and offers a research agenda to extend the management literature to the agribusiness sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agribusiness; Portfolio of options; Risk; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L24; D81; O31; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56389

The voracious appetites of public versus private property: a view of intellectual property and biodiversity from legal pluralism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiber,   Melanie G.
In an opening vignette to an otherwise insightful article, Carol M. Rose (2003) compares people who hold intellectual property rights to poor villagers in India. They put effort and time into developing small but productive properties, only to have the wild tiger or rogue elephant of the public domain trample them or eat them up. In extreme cases, IP "villages" are abandoned and left to "the jungle" of public property. But Rose neglects another part of the story, and that is that the villagers are also hungry, and while they do not directly consume tigers, they do consume the environment a tiger needs to survive. This paper argues, from the perspective of legal pluralism, that both private and public properties are voracious. In recent western...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property; Intellectual property; Biodiversity; Natural resources; Legal pluralism; Institutions; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50064

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET IN PRODUCER MARKETING AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dial,   Joseph B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19576

A Structural Analysis of Contractual Innovations within the CIS Milk Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Elizabeth; Gorton,   Matthew; White,   John.
Utilising primary survey data, this paper evaluates the relationships between a set of supplier development strategies and performance within the milk industry in Armenia and Ukraine. Improving supplier performance is a critical task for the dairy industry in the Former Soviet Union as, during the 1990s both the quantity and quality of agricultural output deteriorated sharply. Fragmented supply chains led to high transaction costs and, in some cases, market failure. Drawing on the work of Krause et al. (2000) and Doney and Cannon (1997), a theoretical framework is presented that proposes that, either directly or indirectly, supplier assessment strategies, supplier incentives, competitive pressure, direct involvement, and trust between buyers and sellers,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59181

THE DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION IN THE ITALIAN FOOD INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF R&amp;D NETWORKING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Alessio,   Massimiliano; Maietta,   Ornella Wanda.
Objective of the paper is to verify which are the determinants of innovations in the Italian food industry and which role R&amp;D networking, through the cooperative nature of firm, plays among these determinants. The data used are the 9th (2001-2003) wave of Capitalia surveys based on a representative sample of manufacturing firms with information on firm characteristics, employee education levels, innovation and R&amp;D investments. The approach is a bivariate probit analysis where the two dependent variables are the presence of firm R&amp;D and of innovations and the independent variables are firm characteristics. The results of the analysis show that, among the determinants of firm R&amp;D intra moenia and of firm innovations in the Italian food...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovations; R&amp;D networking; Firm property rights.; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; D21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44856

Economic evaluation of environmental research: The value of environmental research used in the Great Lakes Coastal Catchments Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hohnen,   Laura.
Environmental research has been increasing due to growing diverse environmental concerns regarding sustainability, climate change, natural resource depletion, waste management, and air and noise pollution. Economic valuation of environmental research can assist in guiding research planning and expenditure. Yet environmental research is difficult to evaluate due to the dominance of non-market benefits and difficulties identifying tangible outputs and outcomes from research. This paper attempts to apply an existing valuation framework to an empirical case study to examine the difficulties and limitations of economic valuations of environmental research. In the empirical case study environmental research and other technical and managerial inputs were used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59086

Research and agricultural productivity in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
Growth of total factor productivity has contributed 41 per cent of output growth in Indonesian agriculture since 1975. This study examines the extent to which publicly funded agricultural research within Indonesia has contributed to this productivity growth, while allowing for other possible determinants, including spillovers from international agricultural research, extension, weather changes, and government trade and subsidy policy. The econometric results imply a real annual rate of return to a marginal increase in Indonesian agricultural research expenditure of 27 per cent. Government-financed agricultural research explains 56 per cent of the observed increase in total factor productivity since 1975.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124475

Investments in African agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Roseboom,   Johannes; Beintema,   Nienke M.
"October 1995." Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45). In collaboration with ISNAR: The Hague: Research Policy and System Development Program, International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR), [1995].
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture--Research; Research--Economic aspects--Africa; Sub-Saharan; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97518

A Limited Dependent Variable Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kasenge,   Valentine; Taylor,   Daniel B.; Bonabana-Wabbi,   Jackline.
In Uganda overall crop loss due to pests exceeds that caused by drought, soil infertility, or poor planting material. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating an '‘exotic weed chaser'’, optimal planting dates, optimal planting density and fertilizer use. Variables include market forces, social factors, management factors, and technology delivery mechanisms. Results were consistent across the multivariate logit and ordered logit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21040

THE FUTURE OF WILDFLOWER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA - THE LACHENALIA CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marasas,   C.N.; Anandajayasekeram,   Ponniah; Niederwieser,   J.G.; Coetzee,   M.; Martella,   David R.; Pieterse,   B.J.; van Rooyen,   C.J.
This paper reports the socio-economic impact of the lachenalia research program of the ARCRoodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-Roodeplaat) over the period 1965-2010. Data were collected from researchers, the local propagator and the market agent in Holland, using guidelines and questionnaires. A financial and economic analysis were conducted. The results of both were negative, unless increased productivity, early entry into all potential markets and a decreased research gestation period were assumed. Additional impacts were qualitatively assessed. The program contributed to employment creation, the preservation of biodiversity, capacity building and beneficial institutional linkages. The management information generated by the study was...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54902

LOGISTICAL COSTS AND RISKS OF MARKETING GENETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlecht,   Shannon M.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Genetically modified (GM) grains have increased in importance.  Moving biotech grains from producers to processors is a challenge for the grain handling system that could involve increased segregations.  The objective of this research is to determine how testing strategies affect the logistical costs of a grain pipeline when GM wheat is present.  A logistical model was developed and simulated to analyze impacts of uncertainty in demand, receipts, test accuracy, rail deliveries, and transit time.  Sensitivities were conducted on certain variables to determine their effects on logistical costs.  Analysis revealed that logistical costs are impacted by the number of quality categories and uncertainties in the system.  Adding GM grains increased costs due to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified (GM) Grains; Logistical Costs; Testing; Risk; Segregation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23581

Gendered Impact of Irrigated Rice Schemes’ Governance on Farmers’ Income, Productivity and Technical Efficiency in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe,   Florent M.; Diagne,   Aliou; Agboh-Noameshie,   Afiavi R.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
Collective actions groups have many advantages and are sometimes essential, yet they can reinforce or perpetuate inter-and intra-gender inequalities when their functioning is left entirely subject to internal community dynamics and they are not well managed. This is well illustrated by the case of Koussin-Lélé rice scheme in the central Benin. This paper apply inequality indices and frontier production function to data from a sample of male and women rice farmers to analyze the gender inequalities in access to land and the governance of the groups, and their gender-differentiated impacts on farmers' productivity, technical efficiency and income. The results show that women are particularly discriminated against with regards to access to land, with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender; Land distribution; Rice; Technical efficiency; Productivity; Income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52156

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13691

Factors Affecting Outsourcing for Information Technology Services in Rural Hospitals: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitacre,   Brian E.; Fannin,   James Matthew; Barnes,   James N.
As health information technology becomes more prevalent for most healthcare facilities, hospitals across the nation are choosing between performing this service in-house and outsourcing to a technology firm in the health industry. This paper examines factors affecting the information technology (IT) outsource decision for various hospitals. Using 2004 data from the American Hospital Association, logistic regression models find that governmental ownership and a proxy variable for hospitals that treat more severe injuries positively impact the probability of outsourcing for IT services.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Health Information Technology; Outsourcing; Hospital; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I12; C140.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6393

Technology Changes in the U.S. Beef and Pork Sectors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29226

SATISFACTION OF THE EMPLOYED IN FOOD BUSINESSES AND SUCCESS OF FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grujic, Radoslav; Grujic, Slavica; Durasinovic, Pejo; Pavlovic, Pero.
Efficiency of food safety management system application, such as HACCP system, depends on personnel employed in a company (salary, social status, job stability, superiors’ relation toward workers and relationship among workers themselves, knowledge background, etc). Results presented in this paper are the results of surveys conducted in food businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A special part of the research is related to employees’ social status and employees’ opinion of their status in a company.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: HACCP; Employees’ social status; Efficiency of HACCP system application.; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J28; L23; L66; M11; UDC: 664.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92357

Not by Bread Alone: The Next Food Revolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sere,   Carlos.
Livestock contribute to the livelihoods of 70% of the world’s poor, including farmers, traders and labourers. The next food revolution will dramatically expand production and consumption of animal products in the developing world. This revolution, however, also threatens the livelihoods of these poor livestock keepers. Public international research can mitigate this threat and thus contribute to addressing broad developmental goals of sustainable poverty reduction, food security and enhanced livelihoods. The ‘livestock revolution’ can provide tremendous opportunities to relieve poverty and hunger worldwide, and could increase the ability of millions of poor people to move out of a subsistence existence and to join the market economy. But the competitive...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124006

Current policy and status of DDT use for malaria control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biscoe,   Melanie L.; Mutero,   Clifford M.; Kramer,   Randall A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malaria; Waterborne diseases; Disease vectors; Public health; Policy; Ddt; Legal aspects; Pesticide residues; Case studies; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92015

A Continuum of Consumer Attitudes Toward Genetically Modified Foods in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ganiere,   Pierre; Chern,   Wen S.; Hahn,   David E.
A national telephone survey was conducted in the United States in April 2002 to study the consumer acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods. Attitudes toward GM foods were examined through the use of a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), analyzing the interrelationships among many categorical variables. This method was combined with a cluster analysis to construct a typology of consumers' attitudes. Four distinct classes of attitudes were finally extracted, denoted as: Proponents, Non-Opponents, Moderate Opponents, and Extreme Opponents. It was estimated that only 35% of the surveyed population was opposed to GM foods.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer acceptance; Correspondence analysis; GM foods; Telephone survey; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10148

Biological Limits on Agricultural Intensification: An Example from Resistance Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxminarayan,   Ramanan; Simpson,   R. David.
When the application of pesticides places selective evolutionary pressure on pest populations, it can be useful to plant refuge areas-crop areas intended to encourage the breeding of pests that are susceptible to the pesticide. Renewed interest in refuge areas has arisen with recent advances in biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) crops. In this paper, we use a simple model of the evolution of pest resistance to characterize the socially optimal refuge strategy for managing pest resistance. We demonstrate some interesting analogies with other models of renewable resource management, such as those of fisheries. Among the analogous results are findings that maintaining what we might call "maximal sustainable susceptibility" is typically not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pest resistance; Biotechnology; Optimization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10914

HYBRID RICE TECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD SECURITY IN THE TROPICS: CAN THE CHINESE MIRACLE BE REPLICATED IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janaiah,   Aldas; Hossain,   Mahabub; Casiwan,   C.B.; Ut,   T.T.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11835

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.; Hayami,   Yujiro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13993

Competitive Exclusion, Diversification, and the Origins of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Richard D.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Bulte,   Erwin H.
The beginnings of agriculture, or the agricultural revolution, is now recognized to be the widespread adoption of known practices – a change in behavior – as opposed to a phenomenon of discovery and innovation.  In this paper, we combine elements of three theories—climate change, property rights, and competitive exclusion—to create a paleoeconomic model of agriculture and its diffusion.   We focus on climate change as a necessary trigger, which combined with group property rights and competitive exclusion processes produced conditions sufficient for the diffusion of early agriculture. In contrast to other models in which farming emerges as technological progress or climate makes it a more productive option than hunting, farming emerges in our model even if...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6410

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghebremedhin,   Tesfa G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29690

APPLICATION OF SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION FOR CELLULASE ENZYME PRODUCTION USING TRICHODERMA VIRIDE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mojsov,   Kiro.
The Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is alternative to submerged fermentation for production antibiotics, single cell protein, enzymes, organic acids, biofuel, etc. However, the advantages of SSF in various processes are found to be greater than in submerged fermentation. This technique not only decreases the cost of the process but also makes product cheaper for consumers. The paper describes experimental application of  SSF on wheat straw  for production of mycelia protein and cellulase enzymes by Trichoderma viride. This actual waste from agriculture industry was used as a nourishing base by Trichoderma viride in SSF for cellulase enzyme production. Growth and enzymes production by Trichoderma viride  were evaluated on wheat straw and alkali treatment...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Solid-state fermentation; Trichoderma viride; Cellulase enzyme; Wheat straw agro-waste; Single cell protein.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L65.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92392

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE ARID ZONE OF NEW SOUTH WALES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Ronald C.
The results described challenge the generally accepted interpretation of the factors underlying the changes in sheep numbers in the arid zone of New South Wales. The extent to which long-run changes in rainfall have been ignored is highlighted. Estimates of output per man are derived, using the C.E.S. production function, which show that there has been a small positive rate of technological change. Three-quarters of such technological advance has been due to factors which affect numbers of sheep carried, the remainder due to factors affecting wool production per sheep.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22298

Torts and the Protection of "Legally Recognized" Interests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
The law of torts plays an important role in completing the legal property rights system by defining the extent to which property is protected from harm. It does this by defining the kinds of interests that will be recognized and protected from harm by the courts, the duty of care owed these recognized interests by others, and the manner in which they will be protected through monetary compensation, restitution, or injunction. Together, these three elements of torts define a right in the "bundle of rights" that constitute property. In this paper, we develop a systematic approach to formalizing the nature of the property rights protected by tort law. We use this approach to reexamine the literature on compensation for nonpecuniary damages. This reexamination...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Torts; Property rights; Liability; Compensation; Damages; Insurance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D31; D63; K0; K13.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10472

Rates of Return on New Zealand R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Robin.
This paper reports on a survey of past trends in national and sectoral R&amp;D expenditure in New Zealand back to 1962 and models used to measure the rate of return to investment in R&amp;D. Cobb Douglas models are compared with productivity models and are used to explore the interaction between R&amp;D and labour and capital variables. Polynomial distributed lag models are investigated and the results compared with stock models. The average rates of return to R&amp;D investment vary across sectors of the economy - some being surprisingly high - but some results remain ambiguous to interpret.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123686

THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF PUBLIC R&amp;D IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onofri,   Alejandro; Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
The role of public agricultural R&amp;D is analyzed in a mixed oligopoly model framework with strategic interaction among innovating firms and the government. Selective subsidization of innovating firms (i.e., targeted subsidies) is also examined. Analytical results show that the existence of public applied research can enhance the arrival rate of innovations while mitigating the socially undesirable consequences of market power in applied R&amp;D production. Under certain conditions, direct government involvement in applied R&amp;D is equivalent to the provision of targeted subsidies to less efficient firms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20699

Hidden harvest: U.S. benefits from international research aid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.; Christian,   Jason E.; Fan,   Shenggen.
This report spells out the benefits to the United States from its partnership with the CGIAR.  Using wheat and rice to illustrate the gains from international research on important food crops, the report shows that U.S. investments in CGIAR wheat and rice research have paid off many times over for U.S. farmers
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural assistance; American; Economic aspects; Developing countries; Agricultural research; Developing countries; Finance; Investments; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55649

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH:  ACADEMIC CROWN JEWELS OR COUNTRY COUSIN?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castle,   Emery N.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32579

THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND BUSINESS INTEGRITY IN THE FUTURE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:  A SCENARIO ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   H. Christopher; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
The emergence of biotechnology in crop and livestock applications has been an issue of great controversy.  Proponents argue that the potential benefits are dramatic while opponents have raised many concerns about the technology's risks.  The Starlink debacle is a prime example of the undesirable outcomes which the debate has created.  Given the controversy, what is the future of biotechnology for food uses?  This paper is designed to address this question with a focus on the feasible range of alternative futures (scenarios) that could emerge.  As a major variable in this analysis, the integrity of the scientific and business communities plays a critically important role.   The paper begins with a description of three key uncertainties-food security,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11683

PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adebayo,   K.
In Nigeria, agricultural extension services have been dominated by the Agricultural Development Programme (ADPs) since the mid-1970s. However, the experiences of farmers are changing. Traditional extension services linked with production objectives and blanket recommendations can no longer meet farmers’ expectations. Therefore, extension practitioners need to meet this challenge by seeking private sector participation in the funding and delivery of extension services. This paper noted that extension services provided by the private sector, even when it is funded by government, is a positive feature and government can play a strategic role in identifying gaps in the provision of extension services that can be filled through a brokerage role or by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54379

China's Biotech Policies and Their Impacts on U.S. Agricultural Exports to China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Baohui; Marchant,   Mary A.
China is a key player in global agricultural markets, and the number one importer of U.S. soybeans and cotton, whereby soybeans and cotton are two of the main biotech commodities commercialized in the United States. As of 2005, 87% of soybeans and 79% of cotton planted in the U.S. were biotech. Thus, changes in China's biotech policies may have a significant impact on U.S. biotech commodity exports to China. An understanding of the evolution of China's biotech regulations and factors that may influence China's future biotech policies is crucial for both U.S. producers and policymakers. This article introduces the development of China's biotech regulations in detail. Focusing on soybeans and cotton, the impact of China's biotech policy changes on U.S. trade...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25661

Dynamic Changes in Dairy Technologies Uptake in the Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Yamano,   Takashi; Staal,   Steven J.
A number of African countries experienced since the mid 1980s a process of market liberalization that was expected to increase smallholders' access to inputs and outputs markets through the entry of private players. The effect on production, through uptake of improved technologies is however unclear. This paper aims at better understanding the dynamics of dairy technology uptake using a rich dataset of 874 households surveyed at two points of time. Using panel data enables to show the importance of differentiating 'permanent adopters' and 'temporary adopters'. Farmers with large land holdings are those who are able to have improved cattle at the two points of time, while those with smaller land size may not be able to maintain their animals on farm, either...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; D1; O3; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25571

THE ECONOMICS OF PATENTS: AN OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langinier,   Corinne; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
In this paper, we review the economic effects of intellectual property rights and specifically address the economics of the patent system. The production and dissemination of new knowledge is fraught with market failures because knowledge is a public good. Patents provide a second-best solution to the resulting appropriability problem. We review the main benefits and costs of the patent system, focusing on the role that patents play in providing incentives for innovation, in promoting the dissemination of knowledge, and in helping technology transfer and commercialization of new technology. From a more normative perspective, we address the questions of what the features of an optimal patent system are and whether the patent system is socially desirable. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18374

Externality, Efficiency, and Equity Related to Agricultural Research Expenditures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.
Research aimed at increasing agricultural productivity is provided by both private and public sectors. While the private sector's contribution to agricultural research is significant, provision of these activities solely by the private sector would not be optimal because of the existence of various types of market failure. Externalities or spillovers, which are commonly cited as a major form of market failure, clearly are evident with some types of agricultural research. Private firms would be able to capture only a portion of the benefits resulting from such research activities. It is well known that private markets may produce inefficient output levels in the face of these externalities. Government involvement in this area, therefore, may be necessary in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49018

Revisiting the Impact of Bt Corn Adoption by U.S. Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Wechsler,   Seth James.
This study examines the impact of adopting Bt corn on farm profits, yields, and insecticide use. The study employs an econometric model that corrects for self-selection and simultaneity.  The model is estimated using nationwide farm-level survey data for 2005.  Regression analysis confirms that Bt adoption is associated with increased profits, yields and seeding rates.  However, the results of this analysis suggest that Bt adoption is not significantly related to insecticide use. This result appears to be related to the fact that insect infestation levels were lower in 2005 than they were in earlier years.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically engineered corn; Insect resistance; Bt corn; Insecticide use; Technology adoption; Yields; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103327

Adoption of E-Marketing by Direct Market Farms in the Northeastern U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baer,   Alexander G.; Brown,   Cheryl.
Many farms have begun operating websites in order to promote their businesses. This study used data from a survey of farms in the northeastern U.S. for the year 2004 in order to identify characteristics of farmers, farms, and farm businesses associated with website adoption. Following a technology adoption framework, a Probit model of website adoption was estimated to identify significant relationships. Some sales locations and product types, advertising diversity, high speed Internet connections, and gross farm sales were found to be significantly related to website adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21320

Non-Credit Services of Group-Based Financial Institutions: Implications for Smallholder Women’s Honey Income in Arid and Semi Arid Lands of Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otieno,   Peter Shimon; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Mugivane,   Fred Inuani.
This paper analyses the effect of non-credit services of joint liability credit institutions on smallholder women beekeepers’ honey income. The non-credit services offered to the beekeepers are mainly enterprise development services (training on marketing, business, production and subsector analysis). The study uses cross-sectional data from a survey of women beekeepers participating in group-based credit programmes; the survey was conducted in September 2005 in Makueni district of Kenya. The findings indicate that the number of enterprise development related trainings attended by women beekeepers that are offered by the group-based financial institutions positively and significantly influence honey income. The results confirm that non-credit services...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit; Finance; Honey; Makueni; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52152

PATENT PROTECTION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CROP VARIETIES: CASE STUDY OF THE HIGH PECTIN TOMATO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   John L.; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra.
Intellectual property is only one element of successful R&amp;D. Our case study tracks a GM crop variety from R&amp;D to processing and retailing. One finding that emerged was the importance of factors besides patent protection for developing a new technology, such as effective partnering and supply chain management.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20634

Successful organizational learning in the management of agricultural research and innovation: the Mexican produce foundations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; Dutrenit,   Gabriela; Martinez V.,   Griselda; Vargas,   Arturo Torres; Vera-Cruz,   Alexandre O.
Since the 1980s, developing countries’ agriculture has become more complex and diversified. In general, the public research and extension institutions in these countries were criticized for not participating in the emergence of the most dynamic agricultural markets. In recent years, many of these institutions have struggled to adapt to the new environment but they could not overcome the hurdles posed by organizational rigidities, strict public regulations, deteriorating human capital, shrinking budgets and a model of science that hampered their integration into dynamic innovation processes.  In general, developing countries applied similar agricultural research policies: separation of financing and implementation of research, reductions in direct budgetary...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Research; Mexico; Finance; Agricultural Innovations; Organizational Learning; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55511

Compétitivité de la filière anacarde au Bénin: une analyse des effets aux prix de référence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oloukoi,   L.; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue.
La politique agricole du Bénin connaît depuis quelques années, de profonds changements. En effet, les différentes imperfections du marché et les risques liés à la monoculture ont amené l’Etat à opter pour une diversification agricole. Ainsi, neuf (09) filières dont la filière anacarde sont identifiées comme prioritaires. Cette étude utilise la Matrice d’Analyse des Politiques (MAP) pour évaluer la compétitivité des différents segments de la filière anacarde au Bénin. A cet effet, une enquête quantitative est menée auprès des différents acteurs à savoir 198 producteurs, 61 commerçants et 7 transformateurs. Les résultats issus de l’étude montrent que les systèmes de production, de commercialisation et de transformation de la filière sont tous compétitifs....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51998

Harnessing People Power for Technology Uptake
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nesbitt,   Harry.
Effective agricultural technology uptake depends on a continuum of knowledge within the rural community. Involving government officials, research and extension personnel, producers and consumers in the process of technology development, adaptation and evaluation is often a frustrating and slow process but it pays long-term dividends, particularly in developing countries. This paper discusses the process through which the Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project involved its major donor, government officials, international and local institutions, non-government organizations, traders and farmers in developing technologies for rice-based farming systems in Cambodia. This successful approach re-established Cambodia as a rice-exporting nation after suffering 25 years...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123934

Long Gone Lake Wobegon? The State of Investments in University of Minnesota Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Dehmer,   Steven; Beddow,   Jason M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44083

Social Objective Functions in Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strauss,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49060

EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ERA OF RESOURCE SCARCITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by NC-208, "Impact Analysis and Decision Strategies for Agricultural Research" held at Orlando, Florida, March 4, 1993.    Contents:  The Federal Context for Funding Agricultural Research, by Daryl Chubin  Agricultural Research Structures in a Changing World, by Brian Wright and David Zilberman  Priority Setting in a State Agricultural Experiment Station: Shifting Paradigms, by Bill R. Baumgardt  Structure, Management and Funding of Agricultural Research in the United States: Current Directions and Likely Impact, by Wallace Huffman and Richard Just  Impact of Changing Intellectual Property Rights on U.S. Plant Breeding R&amp;D, by Carl E. Pray, Mary Knudson and Leonard Masse  A New Look at State-Level Productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14039

Quality-Oriented Technical Change in Japanese Wheat Breeding
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fujii,   Yoko; Kondo,   Takumi; Osanami,   Fumio.
The article presents a productivity analysis of Japanese Wheat Breeding research.  Given recent policy change, wheat breeders may breed high quality, i.e. high protein content, wheat.  We regard breeding research as multi-output process, and examine breeding program with output distance function.  Also, we will analyze the effect of gene recharge rate on breeding productivity, and withdraw the policy implication for property rights.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wheat Breeding Research; Induced Innovation; Wheat Quality; Gene Recharge; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9774

THE RUSSIAN AIRLINE INDUSTRY:CONTESTABLE MARKET OR…?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lukyanov,   Sergey; Tissen,   Elena; Kislyak,   Nadezda.
The authors, based on the complete survey of Russian airlines that was conducted in winter of 2006-2007, analyze essential entry-barriers in the industry, and econometrically estimate efficiency of methods for overcoming entry-barriers in the Russian PAI. They find that there are significant technological and behavioral entry-barriers in the industry. The paper doubts that this industry is contestable in contemporary Russia, although it is typically contestable in Europe and the USA. Econometric estimation of entry-barriers points that administrative barriers are the most significant restrictions of competition.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Entry-barriers; Airline industry; Contestable market; Market structure; International Development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L93.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94534

Virtual form of education in lifelong learning - chance for the country
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jarolimek,   Jan; Vanek,   Jiri; Simek,   Pavel.
The availability of education, including lifelong learning, is one of the value measures of quality of life in advanced countries. However, there are still significant differences between a township and a rural region. Centres of education are mainly situated in big cities; smaller municipalities are separated from these centres by tens or hundreds of kilometers (according to the conditions of the Czech Republic). While educating young people, it is usually accepted that they commute towards education; there is a whole range of social and cultural aspects; and above all, they have time for that - it is their main “working” load. The opposite situation is the case in lifelong learning, which is conducted in parallel with full-time employment but is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: E-learning; Virtual education; Lifelong learning; Rural development; Multimedia; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96854

Cost Structures, Productivities and the Distribution of Technology Benefits Among Producers for Major U.S. Field Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooke,   Stephen C.; Sundquist,   W. Burt.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the cost structures and resource productivities involved in production of four major U.S. field crops and to estimate the distribution among producers of benefits from production related technology. These field crops include corn, soybeans, wheat and cotton grown in selected homogeneous soil and rainfall areas of the U.S. The cost structure of each commodity is estimated relative to a Cobb-Douglas cost function. Productivity is assessed across time, regions and size of enterprise. The distribution of technology benefits is determined by region and enterprise size for each commodity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50020

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2009 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  Charts and tables with brief accompanying texts are used to summarize information and to provide base performance indicators.  The 2009 report begins with a special feature which describes indicators to benchmark competitiveness of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agri-food; Competitiveness; Consumers; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59885

Trade Liberalization in the South African Livestock Industry: implications for rural development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oyewumi,   Olubukola Ayodeju; Jooste,   Andre; Britz,   Wolfgang; van Schalkwyk,   Herman D.
Livestock farming is an important facet of agriculture and livelihood in South Africa. It forms the essence of rural agriculture contributing food, socio-economic stability, employment and income. After the liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms South Africa introduced a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. A partial equilibrium comparative static model was used to investigate the impact of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios. Specific emphasis was given to the liberalization of the current TRQ regime. The implication of the results are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51997

Subjectivity in Ex Ante Research Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shumway,   C. Richard.
This essay is a critique of research evaluation research. Considerable evidence exists that agricultural research conducted during the era when projects were chosen by diffuse selection systems yielded extraordinarily high returns. It is not obvious that the formalized, quantitative, and typically centralized selection models can be expected to produce higher contemporary returns than the decentralized informal mechanisms. All ex ante evaluations are intrinsically subjective, regardless of technique used to generate the evaluation. The extreme uncertainty surrounding the nonrepetitive new-knowledge production function further limits the potential of the sophisticated selection procedures. Perhaps of greatest importance, however, are the high costs imposed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49058

Evaluating the Impact on Market Performance of Investments in Market Information Systems: Methodological Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Kizito,   Andrew M.; Weber,   Michael T.; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
Evaluating the impact on market performance of investments in agricultural market information systems (MIS) face several methodological challenges.  These fall into two broad categories:  (a) defining the dimensions of market performance to measure (which is a function of whom the MIS is designed to serve) and identifying reliable indicators of those performance dimensions, and (b) identifying the causal effects of the MIS.  The determination of causal effects in turn requires establishing a credible baseline, measuring “treatment effects” (i.e., the effects on economic behavior of receiving improved information from an MIS), dealing with problems of endogenous placement of treatment, and interpreting the validity of stakeholders’ statements and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information services; Impact assessment; Market transparency; Food policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C81; D80; H43; N57; 013; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108184

PATENTING LIFE FORMS: ISSUES SURROUNDING THE PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claffey,   Barbara A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30120

The Place of Expert Systems in Agricultural Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
The relevance of expert systems in agricultural economics research and extension is examined. Some of the limitations of existing expert systems are described. Expert systems are useful for storing and retrieving knowledge and for solving diagnostic problems but not for mathematical optimisation. The common method of handling uncertainty in expert systems is shown to have a dubious theoretical basis. Expert systems have no facility for sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that expert systems are unlikely to replace traditional analytical tools for the solution of economic problems but that they may be useful for creation of user-friendly program interfaces.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12560

STRATEGIC PATENT BREADTH FOR DRASTIC PRODUCT INNOVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiannaka,   Amalia; Fulton,   Murray E.
The paper models the patenting behavior of the innovator/patent applicant who having invented a drastic product innovation decides on the optimal breadth of protection claimed. The patenting process is modeled as a sequential game of complete information. The patentee acts strategically and with foresight. He chooses the breadth of protection that induces the desired behavior by his opponents and he incorporates transaction costs that may have to be incurred to enforce his patent rights. Our results suggest that contrary to what is traditionally assumed it is not generally optimal for the patentee to claim the broadest protection possible.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20500

Agricultural Research Sustains Productivity Growth and Earns High Returns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124002

A FARM LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32913

RURAL BROADBAND AVAILABILITY AND ADOPTION IN OKLAHOMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitacre,   Brian E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broadband Adoption; Rural Broadband Availability; Broadband Infrastructure; Broadband Digital Divide; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R22; D12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100793

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH AND ITS USEFULNESS TO PRIVATE FIRMS: SOME UNSOLICITED OBSERVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Eugene.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26507

Genetically modified maize: exploring consumer acceptance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batrinou,   Anthimia M.; Sinanoglou,   Vasilia; Gogkou,   Antigoni; Sakellaris,   George.
Recent EU regulations have imposed mandatory labelling of all food products that consist of or contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Labelling should state that "this product contains genetically modified organisms". This study examines how different label messages may affect the attitude of consumers in tasting a specific food product (corn chip) derived from maize presented with five different labels ("organic corn", "conventional corn", "product that contains genetically modified corn", "product that contains genetically modified corn approved by EU", "non- classified corn"). Results of 100 Greek young students show that the label claiming that the product contains genetically modified corn, evokes a deeply rooted negative attitude as more than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10055

Beyond Organic: An Overview of Biodynamic Agriculture with Case Examples
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.; Rodgriguez,   L. Pilar.
A great deal of research has been done regarding economic and consumer aspects of organic agriculture. A different form of agriculture, called biodynamic agriculture, is emerging, with acreage located across the globe. Like organic agriculture, biodynamic agriculture has a certification process, but it has not received as much research attention from agricultural economists. This paper provides basic background information about biodynamic agriculture. In particular, it gives a count of certified biodynamic farms, by state, in the U.S., and it gives the most common products produced by those farms. Wine grapes are by far the most common biodynamic agricultural product. It also includes three case examples of firms employing this production system and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21036

Outlook for U.S. Retail Food Prices and Inflation in 2010 (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leibtag,   Ephraim S.
As food and energy commodity prices surged in late 2007 and most of 2008, there was a renewed interest in updated estimates of the impact of these increases on retail food prices. The drop in commodity prices (September 2008- March 2009) leads to the same set of questions in the opposite direction. This presentation uses regression analysis to estimate how much of the change in commodity costs is passed through to retail prices and, just as important, estimate the time lag between commodity price changes and retail price changes across a number of food groups. The presenter will then focus on the outlook for food prices in 2010 given the results of the analysis described above.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62074

AN OPTIMAL CONTROL MODEL FOR INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER HERBICIDE RESISTANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gorddard,   Russell J.; Pannell,   David J.; Hertzler,   Greg.
The presence of weeds which have developed resistance to chemical herbicides is a problem of rapidly growing importance in Australian agriculture. We present an optimal control model of herbicide resistance development in ryegrass, the weed for which resistance is most commonly reported. The model is used to select the optimal combination of chemical and non-chemical control measures taking account of the trade off between short term profits and the long term level of herbicide resistance. Results indicate that given the threat of resistance there are benefits from integrating a combination of chemical and non-chemical control measures. The optimal strategy is found to include a declining herbicide dosage as resistance develops, with compensatory increases...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22858

Diagnosis and the management constituency of small-scale fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Louisa; Andrew,   Neil.
Diagnosis and adaptive management can help improve the ability of small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the developing world to better cope with and adapt to both external drivers and internal sources of uncertainty. This paper presents a framework for diagnosis and adaptive management and discusses ways of implementing the first two phases of learning: diagnosis and mobilising an appropriate management constituency. The discussion addresses key issues and suggests suitable approaches and tools as well as numerous sources of further information. Diagnosis of a SSF defines the system to be managed, outlines the scope of the management problem in terms of threats and opportunities, and aims to construct realistic and desired future projections for the fishery....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishery management; Developing countries; Participatory approach; Artisanal fishing; Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53030

DESIGN AND DELIVERY OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CUSTOMER VALUE IN ELECTRONIC FOOD RETAILING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heim,   Gregory R.; Sinha,   Kingshuk K.
Electronic food retailers can satisfy their customers more effectively if they understand how this particular market works. As in other service segments, the emergence of electronic business-to-customer services in the retail food industry poses questions for managers about the design of new food retailing services and the redesign of existing services for delivery through electronic channels. Important topics include characteristics of electronic service offerings, the typical operational configurations used to deliver electronic services, and the ways in which they relate to the effectiveness of electronic service delivery. We address this issue by developing a product-process matrix for understanding and analyzing electronic retailing services in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14341

Organic Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings From a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha; Gezahegn,   Ayele.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing the ways in which information and knowledge are used by smallholders. While this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector from an innovation systems perspective to understand the changing roles, responsibilities, and interactions of diverse actors in relation to smallholder livelihoods. The paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research tools to paint a picture of the innovation landscape at both the system and local levels....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural development; Innovation; Technology; Social networks; Social learning; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52096

Cereal price instability in Ethiopia: An examination of sources and policy options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahidur,   Rashid; Meron,   Assefa.
Managing food price instability is a long standing policy challenge, which, with mixed experiences of agricultural price policy reforms, has re-emerged as a contemporary policy issue. This is particularly true for Ethiopia, where managing food price stability continues to be a formidable policy challenge. The objective of this paper is to examine the underlying causes of cereal price instabilities and to assess the policy options to manage them. It undertakes three tasks: (a) analyzes the sources and degree of cereal price instability, (b) discusses the viability of various policy options, and (c) critically reviews the country’s past, ongoing, and emerging policies for food price stabilization. The results show that the determinants of price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Policy; Price instability; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51999

THE RETURNS TO INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13575

The Contribution of Australian and International Forestry Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haines,   Russell.
Forests are making major contributions to rural livelihoods in Australia and in many other countries of the Asia-Pacific region. These include direct economic returns from the harvest of both timber and non-timber forest products, and indirect contributions to other economic activity through effects on soil and water quality. Research and development has provided the foundation upon which the forestry successes of Australia and its neighbours have been based, and international collaboration has been a major plank. ACIAR’s collaborative research program has made a significant contribution. A suite of plantation eucalypt projects has contributed to the development of a major industry in southern China, and the skills and experience so acquired have...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124417

EQUITY IN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS FROM WATER HARVESTING AND GROUNDWATER RECHARGE – AN ECONOMIC STUDY IN SUJALA WATERSHED PROJECT IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seema,   H.M.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
In this study, economic impact of water harvesting and groundwater recharging was analyzed in the context of Sujala watershed equity and efficiency in the distribution of benefits in Chitradurga district, Karnataka. Field data for 2004-05 (drought year) and 2005-06 (normal year) from 30 sample farmers in Sujala watershed form the data base for the study. Another sample of 30 farmers from Non-Sujala (or DPAP) watershed, and 30 from outside watershed area form the control. Farmers were further classified as: (i) those who had bore well irrigation; and (ii) those who had no borewell irrigation in order to assess the impact of watershed. It was found that the amortized cost per functioning well and cost per acre inch of groundwater in Sujala watershed is lower...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Sujala watershed program; Externalities; Drought; ANOVA.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43618

Financing agricultural R&amp;D in rich countries: what's happening and why
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Governments everywhere are trimming their support for agricultural R&amp;D, giving greater scrutiny to the support that they do provide, and reforming the public agencies that fund, oversee, and carry out the research. This represents a break from previous patterns, which had consisted of expansion in the public funds for agricultural R&amp;D. Private‐sector spending on agricultural research has slowed along with the growth of public spending in recent years, but the balance continues to shift towards the private sector. This article presents a quantitative review of these funding trends and the considerable institutional changes that have accompanied them. We discuss new data for 22 OECD countries, providing institutional details for five of these...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117222

Labor Substitutability in Labor Intensive Agriculture and Technological Change in the Presence of Foreign Labor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Napasintuwong,   Orachos; Emerson,   Robert D.
The Morishima elasticity of substitution (MES) is estimated to address factor substitutability in Florida agriculture during 1960-1999. By adopting a profit maximization model of induced innovation theory, the MES's between hired and self-employed labor and the MES's between labor and capital provide implications for future immigration policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Morhishima elasticity of substitution; Induced innovation; Biased technical change; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160; J430; O300.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15649

INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND THE TRIPS AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16483

CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN NORWAY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimsrud,   Kristine M.; McCluskey,   Jill J.; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Wahl,   Thomas I.
There is a lack of public acceptance of genetically modified (GM) food products in Europe.  Using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation methodology, we find that willingness to accept (WTA) for GM food in Norway is positively affected (i.e. a greater discount is required) by higher levels of self-reported risk perceptions toward GM-food and preferences for domestically produced food.  The estimation results show that self-reported knowledge about biotechnology increases WTA while higher levels of formal education decrease the WTA for GM-foods.  Also, respondents who have a high level of concern about food safety have a higher WTA for GM food. Further, we estimate mean willingness to accept for GM food products.  Our results indicate that our sample on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19818

IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE: THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF BT MAIZE ADOPTION IN SPAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
In the present paper we estimate the impact of a biotechnology innovation in Spanish agriculture.  Transgenic Bt maize offers the potential to control corn borers, that cause economically important losses in Spanish maize cultivation, more efficiently.  Since 1998, Syngenta commercializes the variety Compa CB, equivalent to an annual area of 25.000ha, or an average adoption rate of 5,2% of Spain’s total land allocation to maize.  The profit increase engendered by this technological change during the four-year period 1998-2001 is estimated to be E8,4 million for Spanish agriculture and E2,8 million for Syngenta and the seed suppliers.  The industry appears to be able to extract only one fourth of the total benefits.  The lion share, i.e., three fourth,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31851

State Productivity Growth: Catching Up and the Business Cycle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ball,   V. Eldon; San Juan,   Carlos; Ulloa,   Camilo.
Selected paper AAEA 2012
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Convergence; Total factor productivity; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123334

Biotech--Who Wins? Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the largest shares of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward GMOs and the issue of labelling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations; a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed. Emerging output-trait GMOs are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity preservation; Intellectual property rights; R&amp;D; Transgenic crops; Welfare evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23862

PRODUCTIVITY AND LAND ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA: HEALTH, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, AND SEQUENTIAL ADOPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ersado,   Lire; Amacher,   Gregory S.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger.
The adoption of more efficient farming practices and technologies that enhance agricultural productivity and improve environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic growth, food security and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research examines the interaction between public investments, community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing technologies by households in the northern Ethiopian state of Tigray. Agricultural technology adoption decisions are modeled as a sequential process where the timing of choices can matter.  We find that time spent sick and opportunity costs of caring for sick family members are significant factors in adoption. Sickness, through its impact on household income and labor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22223

Research Evaluation as a Policy Design Tool: Mapping Approaches across a Set of Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Papponetti,   Valeria; Bucchi,   Massimiano.
This paper provides an overview of research evaluation practices across countries. The main aim is to investigate whether research assessment is implemented and to see to what extent its results are used to revise policy strategies, identify new research priorities, allocate financial resources or enhance public understanding of R&amp;D. The paper addresses a set of cases studies, four within Europe (UK, Finland, Italy, and Spain) and two outside (US and Japan). Each case study provides an outline of the strategies devised to improve the domestic science system; offers a map of the main actors of science policy and introduces the main performers of research assessment. A short overview of how evaluation is approached at European level is also given. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Evaluation Systems; Management by Results; Evaluative Culture; Research Policy; Policy Planning; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9093

Benefit Cost Analysis of RD&amp;E in Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Trevor; Chudleigh,   Fred; Carrigan,   Gretchen.
Since 2004, the Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries has embarked on a rigorous evaluation of its R&amp;D Programs, with Benefit Cost Analysis being a cornerstone of this work. The analyses conducted to date have proved to be powerful tools in internal resource re-allocation. However, the process used has been time consuming, partly because there needs to be adequate time allowed for consultation both with scientists and with senior staff. Experience has highlighted the need for strong organisational support to the analysts carrying out the work.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benefit Cost Analysis; Management; Research and development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47639

SEPARATING TECHNICAL CHANGE FROM TIME-VARYING TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY IN THE ABSENCE OF DISTRIBUTIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karagiannis,   Giannis; Midmore,   Peter; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
This paper proposes an alternative approach for separating technical change from time-varying technical inefficiency.  The approach uses the general index, developed by Baltagi and Griffin (1988), to model technical change along the production function, and a quadratic function of time trend, as in Cornwell, Schmidt and Sickles (1990), to capture the temporal pattern of technical inefficiency.  In such a setting, all parameters associated with the rate of technical change and the temporal pattern of technical inefficiency are identified separately.  Moreover, the proposed approach is independent of any distributional assumption concerning the one-sided error term associated with technical inefficiency, and can easily be estimated using FGLS.  Comparative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: TIME-VARYING EFFICIENCY; PANEL DATA; DAIRY; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O0; Q1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11842

Biofuels: review of policies and impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janda,   Karel; Kristoufek,   Ladislav; Zilberman,   David.
This paper provides an overview of the environmental, economical, and policy  considerations related to biofuels. While the biofuel production and consumption  exhibited significant increase over the first decade of the new millennium,  this and further increases in biofuel production are driven primarily by  government policies. Currently available first generation biofuels are with a  few exceptions not economically viable in the absence of fiscal incentives or  high oil prices. Also the environmental impacts of biofuels as an alternative  to fossil fuels are quite ambiguous. The review of the most recent economic  models dealing with biofuels and their economic impacts provides a distinction  between structural and reduced form models. The review of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120415

THE EFFECT OF TRUST ON PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY: EVIDENCE FROM THE U.S. BIOTECHNOLOGY STUDY, 1997-1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which trust directly affects public support for biotechnology, particularly in applications to food production and genetic modification of crop plants. Unlike previous research in which trust is assumed to be exogenous, this paper posits that trust is endogenously determined. An econometric model is developed that controls for the endogeneity of trust using instrumental variable and selection correction techniques. Using data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study, this study finds that the effect of trust on public support is substantially stronger than previous estimates.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26041

The Effect of Liberalization on Grain Prices and Marketing Margins in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Negassa,   Asfaw; Myers,   Robert J.
This report analyzes the effects of grain market reform in Ethiopia on grain prices and price spreads between major wholesale markets. The experience of Ethiopia during the 1990s represents a case in which a relatively consistent and internally-driven program of grain market liberalization has been pursued with the general approval of international lenders and donors. The state marketing board, while not abolished, has been substantially downsized and has become a marginal actor in the current grain marketing system. Hence, the case of Ethiopia between 1990 and 1997 may constitute a particularly important test of the hypothesis expressed by reform advocates that the removal of regulatory constraints on private trade and the transition to a market-oriented...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Grain market reform; Ethiopia; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008 - July 2009: 37; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54681

MANAGING THE RISK OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER RESISTANCE TO TRANSGENIC CORN: AN ASSESSMENT OF CONTROVERSIAL REFUGE RECOMMENDATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Secchi,   Silvia; Hellmich,   Richard L.
A bioeconomic model is developed to evaluate the tradeoff between the risk of resistance and increased productivity when refuge is planted in conjunction with transgenic pesticidal corn. The model is used to evaluate controversial refuge recommendations when producers are allowed to treat refuge in years of high pest pressure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21606

Demand-driven and Cost Effective Production: What the Farmers Ought to know. A case of Local Chicken Enterprise in Masindi District-Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alum,   W.; Kanzikwera,   R.; Sanginga,   Pascal.
Most African communities depend on agriculture for both income generation and food security and yet farming has faced and is still confronted with a lot of production and market related hardships. Despite all these constraints, farmers are stuck on agriculture as it’s the only definite way of earning a living. The mistake farmers and other agricultural practitioners continuously make is to produce first and look for the market later. This is where buyers and the middle men in particular exploit and a conclusion is eventually made by the producer that,” there is no money in agriculture.” Farmers including those who want to reap from agriculture need to first change their attitudes towards it and secondly produce what the markets are demanding at particular...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52093

A Discriminant Analysis of Factors Associated with The Adoption Of Certified Organic Farming By Smallholder Farmers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kisaka-Lwayo,   Maggie.
Discriminant analysis was used to identify the characteristics that distinguish between fully-certified organic, partially-certified organic and non-organic farmers in Umbumbulu district, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA) during October- November 2004. 200 farmers interviewed were drawn by purposively selecting the 151 members of the Ezemvelo Farmers’ Organisation (EFO), and by random sampling 49 non-organic farmers in wards neighbouring EFO. Results from the two estimated discriminant functions suggested that farmers with higher household sizes, incomes, input costs per hectare and number of chickens owned, locations further from innovators and less risk aversion were more likely to be certified as organic. Household location should be considered in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Organic; Discriminant Analysis; South Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52155

Science, Technology, and Prospects for Growth in U.S. Corn Yields
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.
Investment in scientific research is key for boosting corn yields, making productivity, environmental, and bioenergy goals easier to attain.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122557

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATENTS AND R&amp;D INVESTMENT: BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENTS AS INCOMPLETE CONTRACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banik,   Marc; Kesan,   Jay P.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26000

Structure, Coûts Des Transactions Et Integration Spatiale Des Marches Des Produits Alimentaires Au Togo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koffi-Tessio,   Egnonto M.; Sedzro,   Kossi; Tossou,   Kokou A.; Yovo,   Koffi.
Le présent travail évalue d'une part la structure des coûts de transaction des principaux produits commercialisés au Togo (maïs, sorgho, oignon, gari, tomate, poisson, volaille et gros bétail), et d'autre part le niveau de l'intégration du marché de maïs qui est devenu le produit dominant dans le système de production, de consommation et de commercialisation au Togo. L'analyse des coûts de transaction réalisée à partir des données primaires a débouché sur le constat global que les coûts de transport représentent le facteur le plus déterminant dans les coûts de transaction. L'analyse de l'intégration du marché de maïs réalisée au moyen de la technique de co-intégration et du modèle de Ravallion appliqués sur des séries de prix a permis de dresser trois...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marche; Couts transaction; Integration; Co-integration; Securite alimentaire; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52187

The Skills and Training Needed by Farm Management Researchers in the Future
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tauer,   Loren W.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121330

MEASURING U.S. CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS USING CHOICE MODELING EXPERIMENTS: THE ROLE OF PRICE, PRODUCT BENEFITS AND TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Nayga,   Rodolfo M., Jr.
Food biotechnology promises to deliver a wide range of enhanced consumer benefits.  This study models consumer's willingness to trade-off the potential risks of GM foods with the possibility of extracting significant benefits.  The results of the choice modeling experiments reflect how different attributes of price, product benefits, and technology influence consumer demand for genetically modified food products.  The results suggest that direct health, environmental, and production related benefits have a positive effect on choice.  The results also generally show that genetic modification is viewed negatively, with use of bacterium and animal based genetic modification being viewed more negatively than the use of plant based genetic modification.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18181

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL PROJECTION MODELING USING THE "IMPACT" FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16583

The Economics of Biotechnology under Ecosystem Disruption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pemsl,   Diemuth E.; Waibel,   Hermann; Gutierrez,   Andrew P.
Economic analysis of chemical pesticide use has shown that the interactions between plants, pests, damage control technology and state of the ecosystem are important variables to be considered. Hence, a bio-economic model was developed for the assessment of Bt variety and pesticide-based control strategies of the cotton bollworm in China. The model simulates plant growth, the dynamics of pest populations and of natural enemies. The model predictions are used as major inputs for a stochastic partial budgeting procedure of alternative control strategies. Results show that: (1) productivity effects of Bt varieties and pesticide use depend on the action of natural control agents, and (2) the profitability of damage control measures increases with the severity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q57; Q55; O13; O3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25335

METHOD OF DEFINING THE ISOLATION PARAMETERS IN 1000 WATT SYMMETRIC ELECTRICITY NETWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sidorov,   Alexander; Utegulov,   Bolatbek; Utegulov,   Arman; Begentaev,   Bagustar; Uahitova,   Aygul; Amurgaliev,   Samat.
The authors define parameters for isolation three-phase electric network to provide safety conditions for personnel working at open-operated coal deposits. The authors conclude the technique provides satisfactory accuracy of the parameters’ defining, as well as simplicity and safety of coal mining works with electric network having pressure up to 1000 Watt.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Isolation; Electric network; Electric pressure; Isolated neutral; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94561

Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leger,   Andreanne.
The determinants of innovation and the role of intellectual property rights in different countries are not well understood. This paper estimates the determinants of innovation using a new panel dataset. It compares different panel estimation methods appropriate for finite size samples. Past R&amp;D investments have a positive and significant impact on current innovation, demand-pull factors are also important in all country groups, and the structure of the economy has a negative (positive) impact in developing (industrialized) countries. Intellectual property protection is only significant for developing countries. The least-square dummy variable corrected estimator is found to be the most appropriate for small, unbalanced datasets. We discuss econometric...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21407

Uncertainty aversion in Australian regulation of agricultural gene technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Emily M.; Ahmadi-Esfahani,   Fredoun Z.
There is potential for over-provision of environmental harms and under-provision of environmental benefits associated with GM crops. As a result, strong public regulation is needed to ensure that full social values are considered. However, one reason for opposition to GM crops is a lack of public trust in regulatory institutions and science, and the limited opportunities afforded to public-participation and nonscientific concerns. We aim to demonstrate the trade-off between social cost and managing the risks of gene flow arising from environmental release of GM canola in Australia, using the framework of a probabilistic risk assessment and safety-rule decision mechanism.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Safety-rule; Uncertainty; Biotechnology regulation; Canola; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6045

Breaking into the Cellulosic Ethanol Market: Capacity and Storage Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darby,   Paul M.; Mark,   Tyler B.; Salassi,   Michael E.
This paper examines the possibilities of breaking into the cellulosic ethanol market in south Louisiana via strategic feedstock choices and the leveraging of the area’s competitive advantages. A small plant strategy is devised whereby the first-mover problem might be solved, and several scenarios are tested using Net Present Value analysis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cellulosic ethanol; Sugarcane; Energy cane; Sweet sorghum; Bagasse; Ethanol; Biofuel; Bioethanol; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56542

Accessing other people’s technology for non-profit research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nottenburg,   Carol; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.
As patents and other forms of intellectual property become more pervasive in the next generation of biotechnologies, designing policies and practices to ensure sufficient freedom to operate (i.e., the ability to practice or use an innovation) will be crucial for non-profit research agencies, especially those intent on developing technologies destined for commercial release. Are non-profit organisations exempt from intellectual property claims? What constitutes infringement of a patent? How does a non-profit establish its freedom to operate? We address these issues in this paper and evaluate various options for accessing other people’s technologies. Options include crosslicensing agreements, research-only or cost-free licences, market segmentation...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118622

Public investment in R&amp;D and extension and productivity in Australian broadacre agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheng,   Yu; Gray,   Emily M.; Mullen,   John D.
This paper uses time-series data to examine the relationship between public research and development (R&amp;D) and extension investment and productivity growth in Australian broadacre agriculture. The results show that public R&amp;D investment has significantly promoted productivity growth in Australia’s broadacre sector over the past five decades (1953 to 2007). Moreover, the relative contributions of domestic and foreign R&amp;D have been roughly equal, accounting for an estimated 0.6 per cent and 0.63 per cent of annual total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the broadacre sector, respectively. The elasticity of TFP to knowledge stocks of research (both domestic and foreign) and extension were estimated to be around 0.20–0.24 and 0.07–0.15,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Total factor productivity; Agriculture; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100712

AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS SOBRE O CONHECIMENTO, CAPACITAÇÃO E POLÍTICO-INSTITUCIONAL DA PESQUISA GERADA PELA EMBRAPA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vedovoto,   Graciela Luzia; Marques,   Daniela Vieira; Avila,   Antonio Flavio Dias; Souza,   Mirian Oliveira De; Ribeiro,   Luis Fernando Martins.
Este trabalho apresenta a experiência da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa na avaliação de impactos sobre o conhecimento, capacitação e político-institucional. O trabalho descreve a metodologia utilizada tomando como referência uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e análisa documentos institucionais recentes e relatórios de avaliação disponibilizados pelas Unidades Descentralizadas da Embrapa. A metodologia utilizada para avaliação de impactos desta natureza é baseada na dimensão “capacitação” do método ESAC, criado pelo GEOPI/Unicamp. A Embrapa tem direcionado esforços no sentido de aprimorar a metodologia  de avaliação de impactos sobre o conhecimento, capacitação e polítíco-institucional por considerar que os benefícios gerados...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Metodologia; Avaliação de impactos; Conhecimento; Methodology; Evaluation of impacts; Knowledge; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109975

The impact of crop protection on agricultural production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Popp,   Jozsef; Hantos,   Krisztina.
Chemical pesticides will continue to play a role in pest management for the future. In many situations, the benefits of pesticide use are high relative to the risks or there are no practical alternatives. The number and diversity of biological sources will increase, and products that originate in chemistry laboratories will be designed for particular target sites. Innovations in pesticide delivery systems in plants promise to reduce adverse environmental impacts even further. The correct use of pesticides can deliver significant socioeconomic and environmental benefits in the form of safe, healthy, affordable food; and enable sustainable farm management by improving the efficiency with which we use natural resources such as soil, water and overall land...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop protection; Pesticide; Biopesticide; Crop losses; Cost and benefit; Agriculture; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102401

Testing for Complementarity and Substitutability among Multiple Technologies: The Case of U.S. Hog Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Li; Hurley,   Terrance M.; Kliebenstein,   James B.; Orazem,   Peter F.
We propose a strategy to identify the complementarity or substitutability among technology bundles. Under the assumption that alternative technologies are independent, we develop a hypothetical distribution of multiple technology adoptions. Differences between the observed distribution of technology choices and the hypothetical distribution can be subjected to statistical tests. Combinations of technologies that occur with greater frequency than would occur under independence are complementary technologies. Combinations that occur with less frequency are substitute technologies. This method is easily applied to simultaneous decisions regarding many technologies. We use the strategy to evaluate multiple technology adoptions on U.S. hog farms. We find that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; L25; C12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48530

Appreciative Inquiry: An approach for learning and change based on our own best practices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acosta,   Anne Starks; Douthwaite,   Boru.
Since it was conceptualized in the late 1980s as a research methodology and change paradigm, the technique of ‘appreciative inquiry’ (AI) has proved to be highly effective for capturing the positive features of an organization or social system and energizing the members to strive for higher levels of performance. This Brief outlines the basic principles and methods of AI, describes various domains in which it has been undertaken and provides a recent example of its use in a centre affiliated with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research; Methodology; Inquiry; Social systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52516

Hybrid Rice: Economic Assessment of a Promising Technology for Sustainable Food Grain Production in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azad,   Md Abdus Samad; Mustafi,   B.A.A.; Hossain,   Mahabub.
Hybrid rice, one of the viable and proven technologies has been considered as a new frontier to increase rice production for meeting growing demand for staple food in Bangladesh. Using farm survey data this paper examines comparative profitability of hybrid and inbred rice cultivation and estimates a Stochastic Frontier Function to determine the effect of key variables on farm efficiency. Results show that hybrid rice gives substantially higher yield as well as net return compared to inbred rice which leads to increase and sustainable growth of food grain production. Analysis of Stochastic Frontier model shows hybrid rice farms are technically more efficient than inbred.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hybrid Rice; Technology; Economics; Food Self-sufficiency; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5987

ISSUES OF RESEARCH SYSTEM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rohrbach,   David D.
The successes of the Green Revolution highlighted the importance of agricultural research for Third World development.  The dramatic impact of improved technologies both underscored the contributions of increased agricultural productivity to economic growth and demonstrated the benefits of strengthening developing country research capacities.  Indications of the substantial returns being reaped from research investments stimulated significant growth in research related expenditures.  As a result, many national research institutions have begun to play a major role in national agricultural development strategies.  The paper identifies eight basic administrative activities required for the establishment and maintenance of developing country institutions.  A...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11081

THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND LIFESTYLE VARIABLES IN ATTITUDE AND THE DEMAND FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heiman,   Amir; Just,   David R.; Zilberman,   David.
Consumer resistance is a key barrier to the diffusion of genetically modified foods (GMFs). Several studies have shown that consumers in general have a negative attitude toward GMFs. Through analysis of a survey conducted in Israel, we find consumer attitudes toward GMFs to be context specific, differing based on the available alternatives. Consumers responded positively to genetically modified meats when given the alternative choice of meats produced with hormones or dyes.  We also address the importance of gender, education, and being religious on the consumer's attitude toward GMFs. Both education and being religious have significant effects on attitude, while gender does not.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Consumer attitudes; Diffusion; Genetically modified foods; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14713

Assessment of Agricultural Research Priorities: An International Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.; Oram,   Peter A.; Ryan,   James G.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118048

SELECTED ECONOMIC IMPLICATOINS AND POLICY ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Sluis,   Evert; Diersen,   Matthew A.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
The paper provides an overview of the types of economic costs, benefits, and risks involved with agricultural biotechnology at the farm level, at the market level, and for the farm and food system as a whole. Both advantages and disadvantages of agricultural biotechnology are discussed. Among the drivers of the U.S. domestic and international consumer demand for transgenic crop products discussed in the paper are environmental and food safety concerns. A comparison is made between a science-based' regulatory framework and a policy based on the precautionary principle. The authors argue that open dialogue is needed for achieving improved public nderstanding of agricultural biotechnology, and that analyses need to go beyond discussing the scientific merits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32018

Discourses of Implementing Information Systems in Corporate Merger: A Case Study from the Food Exporting Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alm,   Kristian; Engelseth,   Per; Karlsen,   Anniken.
In 2007 five different industrial food producers merged to become one single firm. This paper places focus on the challenge these actors had in deciding on, implementing, and using an information system to support mainly their raw material purchasing and finished product sales function. Studies show that a large part of information system implementation failures are related to insufficient alignment between various aspects or parts of an organization and the new technology (Miller 2001, Wognum 2004). A report of a working group from The Royal Academy of Engineering and The British Computer Society concerning the challenges of complex IT project (RAEng, 2004) supports this view stating that the most pressing problems are related to the human aspect of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59189

Tea Farming Enterprise Contribution to Smallholders’ Well Being In Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwaura,   Francis; Muku,   Ogise.
Poverty reduction among smallholders has remained a major priority for the Kenyan government. Efforts have been geared to have a streamlined agri-business system like emulated by the tea sub-sector. In the smallholder tea sub-sector, farmers are organized to private companies, owns factories, engage in produce assembling, processing, contract experts for profession services, have micro-financing institutions serving them, and procure fertilizer from overseas in bulk to distribute it to its members. While the success of the organization and operations are visible the impact of the enterprise returns are unknown. The paper discusses the tea farming enterprise contribution to the well being of the smallholders’ tea farmers in central and western highlands of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52127

Poverty status and the impact of social networks on smallholder technology adoption in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liverpool-Tasie,   Lenis Saweda O.; Winter-Nelson,   Alex.
Despite recent traces of economic growth, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Though about 80% of its population is engaged in agriculture, agricultural productivity remains low and extremely vulnerable to climatic conditions.  The adoption and use of modern technologies is generally accepted as a potential vehicle out of poverty for many but  adoption rates in the country remain low with the nature of the adoption process largely unstudied (Spielman et al, 2007). This paper studies the impact of social networks in the technology adoption process in rural Ethiopia. In particular it tests for the presence of social learning effects. In addition to geographic networks, it considers the role played by other networks with more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Persistent poverty; Technology adoption; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O33; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49357

A META-ANALYSIS OF RATES OF RETURN TO AGRICULTURAL R &amp; D: EX PEDE HERCULEM?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Marra,   Michele C.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wyatt,   T.J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16535

HOW TO CHANGE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION TO MAKE IT A BETTER INVESTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castle,   Emery N.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17600

THE ROLE OF SECTORAL TECHNICAL CHANGE IN DEVELOPMENT: JAPAN 1880-1965
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamaguchi,   Mitoshi; Binswanger,   Hans P.
We constructed a relatively simple dynamic general equilibrium model with an agricultural and a nonagricultural sector along neoclassical lines. The economy is closed, but it is not too difficult to evaluate how the opening of the economy would affect the conclusions. The model relates technical change in the two sectors -- capital accumulation and labor and population growth -- to per capita income, sectoral outputs, allocation of resources, and terms of trade. Instead of simulating with the model we use it to measure the impact of the exogenous variables on the endogenous ones at different stages of the development of Japan, i.e., we trace structural changes in that economy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13278

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  A Pilot Study of Plans That the United States Food Industry Has for Participating in the Asian Republics of the Former Soviet Union. R. R. Cangemi (Pace University) and R. H. Lopez (Pace University).  Using Supermarket Scanner Data to Assess the Impact of Value-Added Produce on Purchases of Uncut Produce. John Brooker, David Eastwood, Morgan Gray, Brian Carver (all at University of Tennessee).  Supermarket Meat Manager Perceptions of Washington's Strategic Alliance Beef Project. Thomas Worley (Washington State University) and Jason Baumberger (Washington State University).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26667

Think Before You Tweet: Social Media Best Practices for Undergraduate Business Schools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spraggon,   Donna I.M.
There are more than 100 social media tools available to higher education institutions to reach potential, current and past students. Both students and institutions are making use of social media, however, the latter are typically not taking full advantage of what is available. In this paper, I explore best practices in social media as they pertain to undergraduate business schools. An examination of 20 business schools reveals a large disconnect between social media best practice theory and those practices observed. Building on the identified best practices, I have constructed a suggested model for social media for a business school undergraduate program aimed at recruitment, retention and alumni investment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Advising; Business school; Recruitment; Retention; Social media; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; M00; A20.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102264

EFFECT OF SAND MINING ON GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN KARNATAKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemalatha,   A.C.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.
Groundwater is a crucial source of irrigation for the farmers in Gauribidanur taluk to eke out the living since there is no other perennial source of irrigation. Currently the irrigation wells in the riparian areas of uttara Pinakini River are seriously threatened due to excessive sand extraction, which in turn affects the groundwater recharge. This has manifested in increase in proportion of well failure. It is imperative that sand mining is seriously (negative externality) affecting the interests of the economy of riparian farmers in this river basin. This calls for a serious, effective and efficient implementation of regulation of sand mining for the benefit of both agriculture and civil works. Currently sand extraction is permitted up to three feet by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sandmining; Externality; Groundwater overdraft; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43619

Emerging Research and Public Policy Issues for a Sustainable Global Food Network
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
This paper presents research questions and policy issues related to three emerging issues pertinent to developments in the global food and agricultural supply network. Developments in the production and delivery of food to consumers are rapid, prolific, and extreme. We have gone from a farmer-centric to a consumer-centric food system. The changes are forcing us to revise our thinking about the organization and operation of the food supply chain one-hundred and eighty degrees, to challenge old assumptions about who sets standards and who decides what will be produced. Public policies, which typically lag the world of commerce, will need to learn their relevance and catch-up with dramatic changes in the way business is being conducted. Three examples come to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarketization; Private standards; Diet transition; Obesity; Food defense; Terrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14298

A PRIMAL-DUAL ESTIMATOR OF PRODUCTION AND COST FUNCTIONS WITHIN AN ERRORS-IN-VARIABLES CONTEXT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
In 1944, Marschak and Andrews published a seminal paper on how to obtain consistent estimates of a production technology. The original formulation of the econometric model regarded the joint estimation of the production function together with the first-order necessary conditions for profit-maximizing behavior. In the seventies, with the advent of econometric duality, the preference seemed to have shifted to a dual approach. Recently, however, Mundlak resurrected the primal-versus-dual debate with a provocative paper titled “Production Function Estimation: Reviving the Primal.” In that paper, the author asserts that the dual estimator, unlike the primal approach, is not efficient because it fails to utilize all the available information. In this paper we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11975

Green Revolution Technology Takes Root in Africa: The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/Sg2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Demeke,   Mulat; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Stepanek,   Julie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 10.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11400

Research Benefits in a Multimarket Setting: A Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.
The literature on measuring the size and distribution of returns to research has paid increasing attention of late to questions that require a multimarket framework. These questions include the distribution of benefits among stages of a multistage process or among factors of production (i.e. the vertical incidence) and the distribution across different markets either for the same product in different places or for different products (the horizontal incidence). The latter may be regarded as including quality change which has attracted recent attention. In much of the literature, a linear elasticity modeling approach has been used to obtain measures of the consequences of research-induced supply shifts for prices and quantities which, in turn, are used to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12462

Is the Green Revolution Vanishing? Empirical Evidence from TFP Analysis for Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adlas,   J.; Achoth,   Lalith.
A serious concern has been raised recently on the long run sustainability of the productivity effects of Green Revolution technologies in the light of decelerating trend in the yield growth of rice since the mid 1980s under irrigated ecosystem. However, the changes in physical yield are not true measures of productivity from efficiency perspective. Total factor productivity (TFP) is a true measure of economic efficiency of any technology impact. The paper addresses the crucial issue of "is green revolution vanishing" empirically by analyzing TFP for rice in India. Results suggest that various modern technologies (such as modern cultivars) adopted by the farmers over the period have continued to make considerable impact on rice productivity growth-as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technological change; Productivity; Rice; India; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25561

IMPLEMENTING LEARNING DESIGN BY LAMS TO IMPROVE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lengyel,   Peter; Herdon,   Miklos.
Learning Design has the potential to revolutionize e-learning by capturing the process of education, rather than simply content. By describing sequences of collaborative learning activities, Learning Design offers a new approach to re-use in e-learning. E-learning has a well developed approach to the creation and sequencing of content-based, single learner, self-paced learning objects. While definitions of Learning Design vary, the main elements tend to include greater focus on context dimensions of e-learning, a more activity based view of e-learning, and greater recognition of the role of multi-learner environments. While Learning Design does not exclude single learner, self-paced modes of e-learning, it draws attention to a wider range of collaborative...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: E-learning; Moodle; Learning Design; Learning Activities; LAMS; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53560

Should Europe Further Strengthen Intellectual Property for Plant  Breeders? An Analysis of Seed Industry Proposals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eaton,   Derek J.F.; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper illustrates the potential negative effects of increasing the scope of plant breeders' rights (PBR) protection, as has been proposed for Europe by leading plant breeding firms. Such a policy could increase the costs for varietal development for breeding companies, particularly if their access to varieties of the market leader is constrained. This is represented as an  asymmetrical increase in breeders' cost functions in a simple model of endogenous quality choice under price competition. Increased scope of IPR protection leads to increased profits for the leading breeding company but decreases in varietal quality and both farm and overall profits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Product differentiation; Plant breeding; Genetic diversity; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L13; O34; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24725

The Missing Links between Foreign Investment and Development: Lessons from Costa Rica and Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paus,   Eva A.; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
A developing country will derive long-lasting development benefits from FDI only, if there is the right coincidence between its location-specific assets and TNCs’ global interests, and the right match between the country’s national linkage capability and TNCs’ strategic interest in domestic sourcing. We argue that Costa Rica and Mexico have been very successful in attracting high-tech FDI due to the cumulative results of past development policies, proximity to the U.S., and trade arrangements. However, a combination of pervasive market failures, government inaction, and changes in TNC strategies explains why the two countries have not been able to reap lasting benefits from high-tech FDI. We conclude that pro-active government policies have to be an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37156

A precíziós gazdálkodás terjedésének vizsgálata
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalmar,   Sandor.
A precíziós gazdálkodás – 90-es évek közepétől kezdődő – alkalmazását követően napjainkban is megválaszolásra vár a beruházás megtérülési idejének és a területnagyságnak az összefüggése. Megállapítható, hogy a beruházás az eszközök gyors avulását figyelembe véve, 3 éves megtérülés esetén, 3 millió Ft (áfával együtt) értékű eszközberuházás, 21 140 Ft/ha inputfelhasználás és 5%-os megtakarítási szint mellett 946 ha-on térülhet meg az inputanyag-megtakarításból. Természetesen több végeredmény is lehetséges a változók függvényében.  --------------------------------------  Ever since precision farming was introduced in the mid-nineties, correlations between payback period and area size have been unexplored. It was found that – taking into account the quick...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Precíziós gazdálkodás; Innováció terjedése; Ökonómiai modell; Precision farming; Spreading of innovation; Economic model; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92531

Strengthening food policy through gender and intrahousehold analysis: impact assessment of IFPRI multicountry research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Cecile.
This assessment focuses on IFPRI’s research program, Strengthening Food Policy through Intrahousehold Analysis,” within the Food Consumption and Nutrition Division (FCND). The program was initiated in 1992, formally began in 1994, and was completed in 2003. Research undertaken in the program was complex, involving work in several countries and taking on challenging new research issues of great potential policy relevance, within a rapidly changing environment. The objectives of the program were to document intrahousehold resource allocation patterns; develop economic models and data collection methods necessary to investigate determinants of intrahousehold resource allocations; establish the relevance of these patterns and models for food policy; evaluate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56137

Drivers and Barriers to Innovation in the Food Processing Industry Continued. A Comparison of the Netherlands and the Shanghai Region in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortuin,   Frances T.J.M.; Omta,   S.W.F. (Onno).
This paper aims at comparing the innovative potential of leading food processing companies in emerging and developed economies. We asked ourselves how the clearly differing economic and social conditions of two areas that are only comparable in terms of their number of inhabitants (about 16 to 18 million), namely a fast growing emerging economy (the Shanghai area in China) and a developed economy (The Netherlands) affect competitiveness and innovation of their leading prospector companies. Our study population consisted of 31 respondents (CEOs, CTOs and R&amp;D directors) from 18 leading prospector companies in the food processing industry: nine in the Netherlands and nine in Shanghai. We focus on how the combination of external forces exerted by actors in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59198

Consumers' Trust in Government and Their Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food: Empirical Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qiu,   Huanguang; Huang,   Jikun.
Understanding the determinants of consumer's acceptance towards genetically modified food (GMF) is critical important for future biotechnology development. Among many factors, consumers' trust in government has increasingly received great attentions in the literature. However, accurately quantifying impact of consumers' trust in government on their GMF attitudes is difficult because researchers often encounter many difficulties in empirical estimation. Overall goal of this study is to empirically quantify the impact of consumers' trust in government on their attitudes towards GMF in China. An econometric model on consumer's trust in government and their attitude towards GMF is developed and estimated based on a unique data set collected by the authors in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trust in government; Genetically modified food; Consumer's attitude; Acceptance; China; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25741

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN TANZANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chota,   Evelyne.
Over the years the Government of Tanzania has recognized the need for modern technology to increase agricultural production.  Since the colonial period, agricultural research institutions have been established to cover most of the ecological zones of the country and research had been carried out on major crops by these institutes.  However, recently critics have raised the question as to whether this research has been consistent with the needs of the majority of farmers.  Closely related to this is the question of how effective the research findings have been communicated to the farmers.  These questions have been raised due to the persistently low agricultural productivity and the use of traditional methods of farming, despite all the research that has...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10967

Multivariate Typology of Farm Households Based on Socio-Economic Characteristics Explaining Adoption of New Technology in Rwanda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bidogeza,   J.C.; Berentsen,   Paul B.M.; De Graaff,   J.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
The challenge for agricultural policymakers and planners, particularly in the context of Rwanda with high population density and consequently food insecurity, is how to enable farmers to adopt new technology. It is known that adoption of new technology may vary among farm households because of socio-economic characteristics. This paper intends to typify farm households in Rwanda based on the exploration of factors explaining adoption of new technology. Ultimately, typical farms obtained from the typology will be used, later as basis to develop representative mathematical programming models. Multivariate statistical techniques offer the means of creating such typologies, particularly when an in-depth database is available. This multivariate analysis...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52107

Emission Permits Trade of Carbon Based on the Game Theory of Double Auction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Na; He,   Jixin; Hou,   Ning; Gu,   Kaiping.
As the world's largest carbon resources country with relatively great carbon emission, China in has just started its carbon trade. China is only a passive participant in international carbon trading market, rarely participating in the project of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Therefore, trade market of emission permits can be divided into first and second trade markets. During the definition of emission right, we found out that the ways of emission trade at second carbon trade market is the key to the research on carbon trade, which can realize the allocation efficiency and utilization efficiency of resources. Then, feasibility of implementing auction system of emission permits trade in China is analyzed from the aspects of legal protection, technical...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Carbon emission permits; Game theory; Nash Equilibrium; Allocation efficiency; China; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56347

Investing in Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Research: Recent Trends
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bientema,   Nienke M.; Stads,   Gert-Jan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45770

The EQIP GIS, Web-based Decision Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farnsworth,   Richard L.; Engel,   Bernard; McCloud,   Susan; Choi,   Jin-Yong; Lim,   Kyoung Jae; Theller,   Lawrence.
Working together, NRCS and Purdue University staff developed a GIS, web-based EQIP decision program. Landowners and NRCS personnel enter required EQIP information via a mapping service. Other subroutines store the information for use by NRCS in ranking and funding EQIP applications that receive the highest scores subject to budget constraints.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20217

SEQUENTIAL INVESTMENT IN SITE-SPECIFIC CROP MANAGEMENT UNDER OUTPUT PRICE UNCERTAINTY: IMPLICATIONS FOR NITROGEN POLLUTION CONTROL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat; Khanna,   Madhu; Winter-Nelson,   Alex.
This paper develops an option value model to examine the extent to which output price uncertainty creates incentives to adopt two interrelated components of site-specific technologies sequentially. It analyzes how the impact of uncertainty on the sequential adoption decision differs across heterogeneous soil conditions, and examines the implications of adoption for nitrogen pollution generation and for the design of a cost-share subsidy policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21875

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SOURCE-MESSAGE HETEROGENEITY IN MASS MEDIA COVERAGE OF AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marks,   Leonie A.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Zakharova,   Lucy.
In this paper, we use content analysis to examine the use of sources by US and UK newspaper reporters from 1990 to 1999.  Positive (benefit) or negative (risk) messages are correlated with the "source" type in order to determine the degree of source-message heterogeneity in media reporting of agrobiotechnology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20555

THE MARKET FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Gregory A.; Burnham,   Thomas A.
Conjoint analysis was used to explore consumer preferences for food products that are the product of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).  The results of a cluster analysis indicated that consumers fell into three homogeneous groups based on their preference for a branded, low-priced, or GMO-free product.  There were some differences between the segments based on the sociodemographic characteristics of age, education, and income.  However, consumers in the segment that wished to avoid GMOs were most easily distinguished from consumers in the other two segments based on their high level of risk averseness and belief that GMOs do not positively affect the quality or safety of food products.  Implications for food marketers and policymakers are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34457

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Water resource development has played a significant role in the expansion of agriculture and industry in the Olifants River Catchment. However, currently water deficit is one of the major constraints hampering development in the catchment; both the mining and agricultural sectors are producing below optimal levels because of their reliance on insufficient supplies. In this study, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to evaluate scenarios of historic, current and future water demand in the catchment. For each scenario, the WEAP model was used to simulate demand in five different sectors (rural, urban, mining, commercial forestry and irrigation) over a 70-year period of varying rainfall and hydrology. Levels of assured supply were...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61095

Willingness-to-Accept and Willingness-to-Pay for GM and Non-GM Food: UK Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moon,   Wanki; Rimal,   Arbindra; Balasubramanian,   Siva K.
Our research elicited UK consumers¡¯ willingness-to-accept (WTA) discount in exchange for giving up non-GM food and willingness-to-pay (WTP) premium to purchase non-GM food.  Eliciting only WTP does not provide sufficient information for determining substitutability between GM and non-GM food.  Results indicate that there is a strong demand for non-GM food in the UK, but a non-negligible segment expressed their willingness to substitute non-GM food with GM version either without discount (12 %) or with discounts (34 %).  This result suggests that there is an economic incentive for food industry in Europe to offer GM food to consumers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20138

Impact and competitiveness of EU biofuel market – First view of the prices of biofuel market in relation to the global players
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xing.
The goal of this study is to investigate the price relationship of EU biofuel market with other main markets in both horizontal level and vertical level. We first carry out Granger causality between ethanol price of EU, USA and Brazil. Secondly, we use vecto error cointegration Mechnism (VECM) to test the relationship between three selected vegetable oil prices in EU to see the competive potential of EU rapeseed oil compared with imported crude palm oil and soybean oil as the feedstock of biodiesel. Evidence shows that there is a unidirectional Granger causation from both USA and Brazil to EU market. USA price of ethanol is the most influential among the three price series, and EU has the least influence on the contrary. It indicates that it is very...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethanol; Vegetable oils; Feedstock; Directives; VECM; Granger causality; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6501

Review of Methods Used to Evaluate Returns to Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Davis,   Jeffrey S.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49016

WHAT'S DRIVING FOOD DISTRIBUTION - FORCES FOR CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaufman,   Phillip R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27789

Capacity building for participatory irrigation management in Sindh Province of Pakistan.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Memon,   Yameen; Talpur,   Mustafa; Murray-Rust,   Hammond.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Institutions; Organizations; Private sector; Public sector; Local government; Mapping; Water resource management; Water policy; Legislation; Rural women; Constraints; Groundwater; Surface water; Water quality; Water use; Water users; Dams; Reservoirs; Large-scale systems; Irrigation management; Industrialization; Case studies; Operations; Maintenance; Canals; Conflict; Farmer-agency interactions; Policy; Water supply; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92769

THE IMPACT OF BEAN RESEARCH IN HONDURAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; Bernsten,   Richard H.; Rosas,   Juan Carlos; Ruano,   Abelardo Viana; Escoto,   Danilo; Martinez,   Julio.
Since the mid-1980s, bean research in Honduras has focused on the development of improved varieties resistant to key diseases, principally Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus (BGYMV), one of the main constraints to bean production in the country. This paper presents evidence of recent adoption rates of improved bean varieties, the farm-level economic impact of adoption, and the ex post rate of return to bean research in Honduras from 1982-2010.   Results from a 2001 farm-level survey in the two principal bean-producing regions in Honduras show that 46 to 51% of bean farmers (depending upon the season) have adopted an improved variety, and that adoption is scale-neutral with respect to farm-size and market orientation.  Due to the potential problem of sample...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11496

After They Graduate: An Overview of the Iowa State University Alumni Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Robert W.; Yu,   Li; Orazem,   Peter F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48532

Investigating the Sources of Agricultural Growth in Africa: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, and Technology Absorption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This paper investigates sources and determinants of agricultural growth in Africa, concentrating on the growth path during the last three decades. The analysis employs the broader framework provided by empirical growth literature and recent developments in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement to search for fundamental determinants of growth in African agriculture. One main contribution and new findings in this analysis is the quantification of the contribution of the productivity growth and the contribution of different inputs such as land, labor, tractor and fertilizer in the agricultural growth. Growth accounting computation highlights the fact that factor accumulation rather than TFP accounts for a large share of agricultural output growth and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Growth accounting; TFP; Factor accumulation; Capital absorption; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; N50; O47; D24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52108

Who gains from Australian generic wine promotion and R&amp;D?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xueyan; Anderson,   Kym; Wittwer,   Glyn.
The present paper estimates the distributions of aggregate returns from different types of research and promotion investments by the Australian grape and wine industry among grapegrowers, winemakers, domestic and foreign consumers, and the tax office. The results show that most of the gains from cost-reducing R&amp;D in grape and wine production go to producers and that producers get a far larger share of the benefit from export promotion than that from domestic promotion. Foreign consumers of Australian wine also enjoy a significant share of the benefits from Australian R&amp;D. Sensitivity analysis shows that the key results hold for a wide range of parameter values.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116187

Research Methods in the MSU Food Security in Africa Project: Conceptualizing and Implementing Policy Relevant Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tefft,   James F.; Weber,   Michael T.; Staatz,   John M.
Over the last ten years, international donors and African governments have singled out  “inappropriate policies” as a major factor influencing the poor performance of the agricultural  sector and the chronic problem of human hunger. Faced with increasing budget deficits, declining  export earnings, and diminishing access to sources of capital, African governments, as a  condition for receiving debt relief, have been compelled to implement macroeconomic and sectoral  policy reforms - structural adjustments - aimed at rectifying the disincentive policies and  improving the external and domestic public accounts. The reorientation of reforms in the  agricultural sector has centered on improving agricultural incentives through liberalization of  input and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008-July 2009: 15; Q18.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54733

ACCESSING OTHER PEOPLE'S TECHNOLOGY: DO NON-PROFIT AGENCIES NEED IT? HOW TO OBTAIN IT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nottenburg,   Carol; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.
As patents and other forms of intellectual property become more pervasive in the next generation of biotechnologies, designing policies and practices to ensure sufficient freedom to operate (i.e., the ability to practice or use an innovation) will be crucial for non-profit agencies in the developed and developing world, especially those intent on developing improved seed varieties and other technologies destined for commercial release. Are non-profits exempt from intellectual property claims? What constitutes infringement of a patent? How does a non-profit establish its freedom to operate? We address these issues in this paper and evaluate various options for accessing other people’s technologies. Options include cross- licensing agreements, research-only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research; Agricultural biotechnologies; Patents; Intellectual property; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16099

Levy-funded research choices by producers and society
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Freebairn,   John W.; James,   Jennifer S.
Commodity levies are used increasingly to fund producer collective goods such as research and promotion. In the present paper we examine theoretical relationships between producer and national benefits from levy‐funded research, and consider the implications for the appropriate rates of matching government grants, applied with a view to achieving a closer match between producer and national interests. In many cases the producer and national optima coincide. First, regardless of the form of the supply shift, when product demand is perfectly elastic, or all the product is exported, domestic benefits and costs of levy‐funded research all go to producers and they have appropriate incentives. Second, if research causes a parallel supply shift, the producer...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117861

RAISING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TRADE THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manteiga,   Felipe.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32871

Microeconomics of Technology Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   Andrew D.; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.
There is an emerging consensus among macro-economists that differences in technology across countries accounts for the major differences in per-capita GDP and the wages of workers with similar skills across countries. Accounting for differences in technology levels across countries thus can go a long way towards understanding global inequality. One mechanism by which poorer countries can catch up with richer countries is through technological diffusion, the adoption by low-income countries of the advanced technologies produced in high-income countries. In this survey, we examine recent micro studies that focus on understanding the adoption process. If technological diffusion is a major channel by which poor countries can develop, it must be the case that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption review; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O10; O13; O33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56760

Irrigated agriculture, water pricing and water savings in the Lower Jordan River Basin (in Jordan)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Venot,   Jean-Philippe; Molle,   Francois; Hassan,   Yousef.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farming systems; Irrigated farming; Water conservation; Groundwater; Water policy; Water rates; Water costs; Pricing; Cost recovery; Economic impact; Jordan; Lower Jordan River Basin; Jordan Valley; Amman-Zarqa Basin; Yarmouk Basin; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91468

Challenges for Creating and Sustaining A Green Revolution in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reardon,   Thomas; Crawford,   Eric W.; Bernsten,   Richard H.; Eicher,   Carl K.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Oehmke,   James F.; Savadogo,   Kimseyinga.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11735

EMERGING AND FUTURE BIO-ENGINEERED COMMODITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brenner,   Kyd D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33273

Best practices of GIS applications in the Hungarian agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rathonyi,   Gergely; Varallyai,   Laszlo; Herdon,   Miklos.
Information and analysis produced with the use of GIS applications efficiently support the work of the users of the software and decision makers irrespectively of they are a single person or the Hungarian Government. We primarily discuss the major agriculture applications – Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) and National and Regional Planning Information System (TeIR) – from the aspect of the sector which may save time, energy and money for its users.  LPIS is exclusive national land parcel identification system of the procedures of agricultural subsidies. The data of this identification system can be used in the applying of European Union subsidies which are available in a geographical information system.  TeIR can help such organizations, which...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land Parcel Identification System; Integrated Administration and Control System; Orthophotos; Physical block; Land development; Internet; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96868

Returns to Integrated Pest Management Research and Outreach for Soybean Aphid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Song,   Feng; Swinton,   Scott M.
Soybean aphid is a major invasive pest that has caused major yield loss and increased insecticide use in the United States since its discovery in 2000. Using the economic surplus approach, we estimate the economic benefits of U.S. research and outreach for integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean aphid. We calculate ex ante net benefits from adoption of an IPM action threshold (AT). The AT triggers insecticide application only if the value of predicted yield damage from pest scouting is expected to exceed the cost of pest control. Our research finds that gradual adoption of AT-based IPM over the 15 years since soybean aphid IPM research began in 2003 generates a projected economic net benefit of $1.3 billion, for an internal rate of return of 140%....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6117

PUBLIC APPROVAL OF PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN KOREA: AN ORDERED PROBIT ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   William K.; Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Jang,   Ho-Min; Puduri,   Venkata S.
This study analyzes predictors of Korean public acceptance of the use of biotechnology to create genetically modified food products. Results indicate that the consumers with above average knowledge of specific outcomes of genetic modification were more likely than those with inaccurate or no knowledge to approve use of plant or animal genetic modification for the creation of new food products. Young South Koreans consumers (ages 20 to 29 years old) were more likely than old consumers (ages 50 to 59) to approve use of biotechnology to create both plant and animal based foods.  Further, those Koreans in favor of GM labeling were less likely to approve the use of biotechnology for the creation of food products. The results also suggest that public trust and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18180

Economic Evaluation of Agricultural Research in Australia and New Zealand - A workshop held in conjunction with the 40th annual conference of the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society 11-16 February 1996, Melbourne, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118036

WHO DO CONSUMERS TRUST FOR INFORMATION: THE CASE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
To be effective, groups that disseminate information need the trust of consumers.  When multiple groups provide conflicting information on a new product or process like GM-foods, consumers place different levels of trust in the various sources.  We present a model of the contributions of personal and social capital of a consumer, and test a multinominal logit model of relative trust in five different sources of information on genetic modification using a unique data set.  Among our findings is that an increase in consumer's education lowers the probability of trusting information from government, private industry/organizations, consumer and environmental groups, or other sources relative to information from an independent, third-party source, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18205

FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH: OUR CHALLENGES AND RESPONSIBILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehm,   William T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27838

Gender Contribution and Constrains to Rural Agriculture and Household Food Security in Kenya: Case of Western Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omwoha,   J.N.
This study examined the contribution of gender with special emphasis on women farmers towards rural agriculture as well as factors constraining access to rural agricultural production and consequently household food security in Western Province of Kenya. Data were collected from a total of 161 women farmers, 32 women groups as well as 254 individual males farmers engaged in small-scale production of various food crops in Western Province in Kenya for a period of 1 year. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews administered to the sampled individual farmers and women groups. Outputs from individual farm productions were used as a measure of agriculture production. Comparisons were made between exclusively female owned farms, women groups and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Gender; Kenya; Women Cooperatives; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52148

COMPUTER ASSISTED DECISION AIDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.; Roller,   Vaughn.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27852

Traceability Adoption at the Farm Level: An Empirical Analysis of the Portuguese Pear Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Souza Monteiro,   Diogo M.; Caswell,   Julie A.
Traceability is becoming a condition for doing business in European food markets. Retailers are adopting standards that are more stringent than what is mandatory. An example is EurepGAP, a quality standard for good agricultural practices that includes traceability as a main requirement. We analyze EurepGAP implementation in the Portuguese pear industry and find that implementation cannot be distinguished from sales to British supermarkets. Discrete choice models show the odds of traceability adoption increase with farm size and previous compliance with quality assurance schemes, while farm productivity has a negative impact on the probability of adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21132

AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS ECONOMICOS E SOCIAIS DA ADOÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA DE MÓDULOS MÚLTIPLOS DE BENEFICIAMENTO DA CASTANHA DE CAJU EM TRÊS COOPERATIVAS DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araujo,   Joao Cavalcante; Mattos,   Adriano Lincoln Albuquerque; Pessoa,   Pedro Adeodato; Marinho,   Francisco Assis; Sousa,   Jose Rodrigues.
A metodologia de avaliação de impactos de programas/projetos/intevenções tecnológicas baseia-se na identificação e posterior mensuração ex-post da importância de transformações de aspectos da realidade resultantes do desenvolvimento, adoção e difusão de um programa de pesquisa, programa tecnológico e/ou inovação tecnológica. A metodologia esta baseada nas diferentes possibilidades de interação das dimensões da avaliação procurando preservar suas características particulares em um mesmo marco metodológico no qual estão envolvidos direta ou indiretamente atores relacionados com o objeto da avaliação e que percebem os impactos de forma heterogênea, a partir das suas situações particulares. A análise utilizou para a avaliação de impacto econômico a mensuração...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Análise comparativa; Impactos; Mini-fábrica; Unidades de processamento; Caju; Benchmarking; Impacts; Mini-factory; Processing units; Cashews; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109198

Rural Broadband Internet Access Supply and Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Internet use has grown rapidly over the last 15 years and so has its integration into the rural economy. Connecting to the Internet via high-speed technology such as DSL lines, cable, satellite, and wireless networks increases bandwidth and makes the Internet much more useful to businesses, households, and governments. Rural households are almost as likely as urban households to use the Internet.  Broadband Internet access in rural areas has been less prevalent than in much more densely populated areas of the country.  Evidence suggests that the difference may lie in the higher cost or less availability of broadband Internet access in rural areas.   The paucity of national geographically-specific data, however, presents a challenge in trying to analyze...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Broadband Internet access; Rural communities; Farm communities; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O33; R0.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49361

Measuring factor substitution and technological change in the Tunisian agricultural sector, 1971 - 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lachaal,   Lassaad; Chebil,   Ali; Dhehibi,   Boubaker.
The  production  structure  of  Tunisian  agriculture  over  the  last  three  decades  is  investigated using a translog variable cost function. Standard results of neoclassical  duality theory are used to obtain measures of elasticities of substitution between inputs,  price elasticities of factor demands and the rate of growth and bias of technological  progress. Empirical results obtained from the joint estimation of parameters of the cost  and  share  equations  indicate  an  increasing  trend  in  the  degree  of  substitutability  between  labour  and  intermediate  inputs.  The  own-price  elasticities  of  labour  and  intermediate  inputs  are  inelastic.  While  the  labour  price  elasticity  of  demand  has  increased  over  time,  the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Factor substitution; Technological change; Tunisian agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44096

International R&amp;D Spillovers and Productivity Growth in the Agricultural Sector A Panel Cointegration Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gutierrez,   Luciano; Guiterrez,   M.
This paper analyses, within the new growth theory framework and using panel cointegration techniques, the effect of agricultural international technological spillovers on total factor productivity growth for a sample of 47 countries during the period 1970-1992. The analysis shows that total factor productivity is strongly influenced by domestic as well as foreign public R&amp;D spending in agricultural sector and geographical factors matters. Countries located in temperate zones benefit more than countries located in tropical zones from technological spillovers. Finally, the analysis shows that the rate of return to agricultural R&amp;D spending is higher in tropical countries and this could justify new support and an even greater investment of funds for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology spillover; Agricultural productivity; Panel cointegration; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; O30; Q16.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24967

Brazil's Rising Agricultural Productivity and World Competitiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rada,   Nicholas E.; Buccola,   Steven T.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
Brazil now is the largest coffee, sugar, and fruit juice producer, second-largest soybean and beef producer, and third-largest corn and broiler producer.  It has overtaken the U.S. in poultry exports, nearly matches the U.S. in soybean exports, and dominates global trade in frozen orange juice.  To test and better understand these advances, we draw on decennial farm censuses to examine technical change and efficiency in Brazilian agriculture.  Our approach is to estimate a stochastic, multi-product, output distance frontier, using a translog functional form and data disaggregated to the micro-region (sub-state) level.  Using two consecutive decennial farm censuses, we combine state-level Fisher productivity-change indexes with state-level translog distance...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Shephard distance function; Stochastic frontier; Technical change; Technical efficiency; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49317

Assessment Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) Methodology for Upscaling and Institutionalisation of R-E-F Linkages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reddy,   G.P.; Sontakki,   B.S.; Rao,   V.K.J.; Shenoy,   Sandhya.
The main goal of the Innovations in Technology Dissemination (ITD)component of the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) is to increase farmers input into programme planning and resource allocation especially at the block level and to increase accountabili ty of stakeholders. Further, it is also to increase the programme coordination and integration so that program thrust such as Farming System Innovation, Farmers' Organization, Technical Gaps, and Natural Resource Management can be more effectively and efficiently implemented. Objectives:  To review the SREP methodology followed in the pilot districts with a focus on linkages and identification and prioritization of research, extension and development issues;  To analyze the mechanism followed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25513

APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND MEDICINE: UNITED STATES VERSUS EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rimal,   Arbindra; Moon,   Wanki; Balasubramanian,   Siva K.
Discrepancies in the attitude between US and UK consumers toward application of biotechnology in crop production and medicine were examined using data from mail and online surveys. Results showed that more than 31% (46%) of US (UK) respondents were opposed to biotech foods while only 16% (18%) opposed biotech medicine, respectively. Perceived risks and benefits of agro-biotechnology and medical biotechnology were significant in determining overall attitude toward application of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine i.e., perceived risks (benefits) caused consumers to oppose (support) application of biotechnology in food production and medicine.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20005

THE INDEPENDENT GROCER AND THE COMPUTER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lauer,   Ed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27850

ADOPTION OF BIOENGINEERED CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; McBride,   William D.
Use of crop biotechnology products, such as genetically engineered (GE) crops with input traits for pest management, has risen dramatically since commercial approval in the mid-1990s. This report addresses several of the economic dimensions regarding farmer adoption of bioengineered crops, including herbicidetolerant and insect-resistant varieties. In particular, the report examines: (1) the extent of adoption of bioengineered crops, their diffusion path, and expected adoption rates over the next few years; (2) factors affecting the adoption of bioengineered crops; and (3) farm-level impacts of the adoption of bioengineered crops. Data used in the analysis are mostly from USDA surveys.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Technology adoption; Genetic engineering; Pest management; Financial effects; Tillage; Herbicide-tolerant crops; Bt crops; Corn; Soybeans; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33957

Positive and Negative Aspects of Financial Economic Development in Selected Branches of the Food Industry of the CR in 2007 – 2009 as Revealed by Spider Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mejstrikova,   Lenka; Mezera,   Josef; Plasil,   Martin.
The food industry as an important part of the agriculture sector markedly influences through its financial economic results development both in agriculture and in related links of the food chain. The objective of the present paper is to identify negative and positive these aspects of results obtained in this sector in 2007-2009 and to reveal some risks that can retard the agriculture sector and/or to indicate positive trends that will lead to its development. Some segments – manufactures influencing the results of the food industry as a whole in a pronounced way were selected for analysis. The graphical model Spider Analysis was used for an expeditious and objective evaluation of results in the branches of manufacture and their position within the studied...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Spider Analysis; Food industry; Profitability; Liquidity; Financing; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109737

Biotechnology and the Quest for Food Security: Panacea, Panoply or Palliative?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
Biotechnology can help confer traits in crops and livestock that enhance yields and quality and reduce costs, often with attendant benefits to the environment. In economic terms biotechnology offers the potential of substantially reducing the research time and costs of genetically enhancing crops and livestock. Biotechnology is viewed as a way of substantially lifting yield potentials in much the same way as conventional breeding did with the dwarfing genes leading to the Green Revolution in rice and wheat in the 1960s. To realise this potential for developing countries will require more explicit attention to their priorities and an array of complementary investments and policies. These include an increased focus on ‘orphan crops’ and traits of particular...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123929

Prefarm Systems and economical analysis of practical experiences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gnip,   Pavel; Kafka,   Stepan; Cepicky,   Jachym; Charvat,   Karel.
The system of Precision farming guarantees a detail monitoring of data and information necessary for a successful decision in a crop production. The system is designed for a data collection from several sources. The data are collected by a service company and also directly by farmers. The paper also analyses the economical efficiency on the base of Medlov Farm. Next development is currently running under projects Prezem and AgriSensor.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: GPS; GIS; Precision farming; Economical analysis; Monitoring; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96855

POLICY CONSIDERATIONS OF EMERGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29611

FORECASTING MODELS IN MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sindelar,   Jiri.
This article deals with the problems of forecasting models. First part of the article is dedicated to definition of the relevant areas (vertical and horizontal pillar of definition) and then the forecasting model itself is defined; as article presents theoretical background for further primary research, this definition is crucial. Finally the position of forecasting models within the management system is identified. The paper is a part of the outputs of FEM CULS grant no. 1312/11/3121.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Management tools; Subjective and objective methods; Managerial process; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43331

Estabelecimento de Prioridades para a Investigação Agrária no Sector Público em Moçambique Baseado nos Dados do Trabalho de Inquérito Agrícola (TIA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walker,   Thomas S.; Pitoro,   Raul; Tomo,   Alda; Sitoe,   Isabel; Salencia,   Celestino; Mahanzule,   Rosalina; Donovan,   Cynthia; Mazuze,   Feliciano M.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Priority setting; Mozambique; Rice; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55866

WHO BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarhangi,   R.F.; Logan,   J.; Duncan,   Ronald C.; Hagan,   Philip.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9210

Can Technology Deliver on the Yield Challenge to 2050?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   R.A.; Byerlee,   Derek R.; Edmeades,   Gregory O.
This paper was produced for the FAO Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050 (Rome, 24-26 June 2009).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology; Productivity; Yield gaps; Investment in R&amp;D; Biotechnology; Input efficiency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55481

BT COTTON IN SOUTH AFRICA: ADOPTION AND THE IMPACT ON FARM INCOMES AMONGST SMALL-SCALE AND LARGE SCALE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gouse,   Marnus; Kirsten,   Johann F.; Jenkins,   Lindie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18022

Profitability of Hermetic Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) Bags for African Common Bean Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Michael; Alexander,   Corinne E.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
Bruchid species like Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera) and Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera) cause significant storage losses for African common bean producers.  The value of storage protection to a market-oriented farmer is a function of price seasonality, value loss prevention, and their respective opportunity costs of capital.  Evidence suggests that hermetic technologies like Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags could be effective against key legume storage pests, but sustainable technology introduction requires that it be profitable for producers.   While PICS bag effectiveness against these specific common bean bruchid species is still under investigation, this analysis references dry weight loss figures from life science articles and builds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural pests; Technology adoption; Phaseolus vulgaris; Hermetic storage; Storage economics; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q13; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117708

Ethical challenges of the globalization process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balj,   Branko; Maric,   Radenko.
Whereas roots of globalization are far reaching, it is primarily a modern age phenomenon. Modern business operation and the world economy are characterized by domination of multinational corporations, strong presence of the government in economy and the long-term tendency towards globalization in manufacturing, trading and consumption in the world. Containing both risks and opportunities, globalization is a problem of manifold nature. For some it means regression and falling into “neocolonialism”, the others glorify it. It is logical to ask the following questions: What are the consequences of globalization for governments, nations, companies and individuals? What are the business, social and ethical issues it causes? In one word, is it possible to be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Globalization; Ethics; Strategy of business ethic; Corporative responsibility; Behavior.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A13; F23; M14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94562

Identifying agricultural research and development investment opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa: A global, economy-wide analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
Poverty is higher in most African countries than elsewhere in the developing world, and highest in the rural areas. Accelerating growth in agriculture will therefore be critical to sustain growth and reduce poverty, but policy makers are unsure which sub-sector will yield the highest return for a given budget. This paper uses an applied general equilibrium model to simulate productivity gains in sub-Saharan agriculture subject to trade-offs between gains in crops and gains in livestock. The simulated results suggest three conclusions. First, most sub-Saharan economies gain more from research and development (R&amp;D) investment in crops than in livestock, though the SACU (South African Customs Union) economies and Madagascar benefit from sharing it between...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Livestock research; Development; Investment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57018

The environmental benefits of investment in agricultural science and technology: an application of global spatial benefit transfer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McVittie,   Alistair; Hussain,   Salman; Brander,   Luke M.; Wagtendonk,   Alfred; Verburg,   Peter H.; Vardakoulias,   Olivier.
Food security is a major current and future policy concern. The world population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 and continuing growth in economic output and incomes is expected to result in changing food consumption patterns. In particular the wider adoption of ‘Western’ diets will result in both higher calorie intake and greater meat consumption. Continuing climate change is expected to add further pressures to agricultural production. This paper presents the results of a global analysis funded by the TEEB study on the environmental benefits of investment in agricultural knowledge, science and technology, specifically in terms of closing the gaps between developing and developed country agricultural productivity. The results show that by easing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108955

SME Performance, Innovation and Networking Evidence on Complementarities for a Local Economic System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Mancinelli,   Susanna.
The paper addresses the relevancy of networking activities and R&amp;D as main drivers of productivity performance and ouput innovation, for small and medium enterprises (SME) playing in a local economic system. Given the intangible nature of many techno organisational innovation and networking strategies, original recent survey data for manufacturing and services are exploited. The aim is to provide new evidence on the complementarity relationships concerning different networking activities and R&amp;D in a local SME oriented system in Northern Italy. We first introduce a methodological framework to empirically test complementarity among R&amp;D and networking, in a discrete setting. Secondly, we consequently present empirical evidence on productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Firm Competitiveness; Innovation; R&amp;D; Networking; Complementarity; Local Economic System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D21; L25; O3; O14; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9554

STRATEGY AND INCENTIVES IN THE COMPULSORY LICENSING OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horbulyk,   Theodore M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26011

The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Caswell,   Margriet.
Ten years after the first generation of genetically engineered (GE) varieties became commercially available, adoption of these varieties by U.S. farmers is widespread for major crops. Driven by farmers' expectations of higher yields, savings in management time, and lower pesticide costs, the adoption of corn, soybean, and cotton GE varieties has increased rapidly. Despite the benefits, however, environmental and consumer concerns may have limited acceptance of GE crops, particularly in Europe. This report focuses on GE crops and their adoption in the United States over the past 10 years. It examines the three major stakeholders of agricultural biotechnology and finds that (1) the pace of R&amp;D activity by producers of GE seed (the seed firms and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33897

RECENT EVIDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA: A METAFRONTIER APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rungsuriyawiboon,   Supawat; Xiaobing,   Wang.
Economic reform in China helped transform the structure and volume of agricultural production and resulted in significant changes in efficiency and productivity. This paper measures agricultural technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) in China by allowing producers operating under their own technologies. A metafrontier function approach is applied using a panel data set on 28 provinces during 1991-2005. The provinces are categorized into advanced- technology and low-technology provinces. Based on the metafrontier estimation, TFP growth is decomposed into TE change (TEC), technical change (TC) and scale efficiency change (SEC). This information is useful for policy makers to design suitable policies in enhancing agricultural TE and TFP...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Metafrontier; Agriculture; China; Technical Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; P27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90863

Expanding the Agricultural Finance Frontier: A Kenyan Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kibaara,   Betty; Nyoro,   James K.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the Kenyan Economy. However, agriculture has experienced low productivity over the years. Poor access to agricultural finance has been identified as a contributing factor to low crop productivity. Kenyan agriculture has undergone some fundamental changes which have profoundly affected agricultural financial services. In addition, most financiers shy away from lending to the agricultural sector because of the covariant risks related to rain-fed agriculture. Given this background, we undertake a comparative analysis of emerging models of agricultural finance that have expanded the agricultural finance frontier to the smallholder farmers. Key findings indicate that demand for farming credit takes the highest proportion of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52109

ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Janzen,   Edward L.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.
Development of genetically modified (GM) wheat varieties is proceeding; however, several critical issues remain the focus of contention.  This project summarizes the current state of knowledge on some of these critical issues for commercialization of GM wheats.  Background on the evolution of GM Wheats is presented.  Then, agronomic adoption and competitiveness of GM crops; research on GM traits in wheat; consumer acceptance of GM crops (a separate section is included on issues related to consumer acceptance of GM crops); regulatory issues and status; international trade; testing, segregation, and identity preservation; and production and marketing risks are examined.  Finally, there is a description of the likely marketing system to evolve and a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Genetic modification; Transgenic; Marketing; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23497

Simulating the spillover benefits from R&amp;D by a small producer country embedded in a  co-authorship network: Aquaculture R&amp;D in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guettler,   Stefan; Seidel-Lass,   Linda; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.
Aquaculture
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture R&amp;D; Bibliometric Network Analysis; DREAM simulation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122885

BIOTECHNOLOGY, A FARMER'S PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boisen,   Douglas D.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33431

CAN THE WTO/GATT AGREEMENTS ON SANITARY AND PHYTO-SANITARY MEASURES AND TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE BE RENEGOTIATED TO ACCOMMODATE AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perdikis,   Nicholas; Kerr,   William A.; Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25999

Public vs. Private Good Research at Land-Grant Universities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.; Stevens,   Reid.
The basic concern of this paper is the effect of private sponsorship of university research on the allocation of expenditures between public good research and commercial applications. Throughout the land-grant university system, there is much concern that as a result of reduced government funding, fundamental research will be neglected at the expense of research that is geared toward commercial applications. This paper attempts to shed some light on the relationship between research priorities and the availability of public funding for university research. In particular, we use both a static and a dynamic model to investigate the conditions under which university/private research partnerships can "crowd-in" or "crowd-out" basic science research as public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land-grant colleges; Land-grant university; Research; Government aid; Scientific research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43794

TEXT CATEGORIZATION USING ONLY FRAGMENTS OF DOCUMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pilaszy,   Istvan; Dobrowiecki,   Tadeusz.
In this paper we presented a lot of experiments that examine how the particular parts of the documents do contribute to the performance of a classifier. We evaluated text classifiers on two very different text corpora. We conclude that some parts of the text are more important from the point of text classification performance. Giving higher weights to more important parts can increase the performance of the classifier. The question, that which parts are more or less important depends on the nature of the documents in the corpora. Some tasks that remains to be done: − More text corpora should be investigated. − In section 6.4 we optimized the number of features to be kept independent from the section. However, it could be optimized for each section. −...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Machine learning; Text categorization; Classifier ensembles; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58927

A COMPUTERIZED REMOTE-ACCESS COMMODITY MARKET: TELCOT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ethridge,   Don E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30466

MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGrann,   James M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30248

The Declining Productivity of Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.; Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49025

Using Biotechnology to Lower Production Costs of Biofuels in Canada: Will it Hinder the Growth of an Export Industry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.
Bio-based fuels represent one of the most viable alternatives to petroleum-based fuel to meet transportation needs in the 21st century. The biofuel industry is in its infancy in Canada but shows considerable growth opportunity. The international interest in biofuels due to environmental and energy security concerns could result in a large and profitable export market for Canadian biofuel producers. Many industry participants are beginning to use biotechnology in their production processes to lower costs. Such use means they will be forced to contend with the unclear international regulation of trade in the products of biotechnology. Substantially different rules have been created by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46357

RESEARCH UP-DATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Human Resource Impacts on Food Store Selection and Shopping Loyalty, by Harry F. Krueckberg; The Use of the Multi-Dimensional Database Spreadsheet (VP Planner) to Analyze Supermarket Revenue Data, by Angelo E. DiAntonio, Ulrich C. Toensmeyer; Qualitative Choice Models for Determining Factors Influencing Consumer's Preferences For Package Sizes of Selected Produce Items, by Jean Domanico, Conrado Gempesaw, Richard Bacon, U. Toensmeyer; Consumer Reaction Toward Promotional Tools Used to Induce Soft Drink Purchases in a Supermarket, by James J. Corbett, Wayne Texeira; Demand of Finfish and Shellfish Products Using Scanner Data, by Dr. Oral Capps Jr., Daniel Moen; Assessing Value-Added Agricultural Industries, by Ralph D. Christy, Roger A. Hinson; Size,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27900

WATER CONSERVATION POTENTIAL FROM IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaible,   Glenn D.; Kim,   C.S.; Whittlesey,   Norman K.
The effects of price changes on irrigation technology transitions and potential agricultural water conservation in the Pacific Northwest are analyzed using Parks' (1980) modified multinomial logit model. Results indicate that commodity price effects are statistically significant, but they are relatively small with nonprogram crop price effects greater than program crop price effects. Locational factors are also found to affect technology transitions. In the absence of water policy changes, continued irrigation technology adoption by year 2005 will result in average annual water savings of approximately 404,000 acre-feet in the Pacific Northwest.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32613

LABELING, TRADE AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOS): A PROPOSED SOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
The purpose of this brief article is to assess the current controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in agriculture and its potential implications for the global trading system.  More importantly, it offers a solution to the serious potential for injury to this system, to be developed below.  The remainder of this article is divided into three sections.  The next section will discuss labeling of GMO agricultural products, distinguishing between issues of food products and those affecting seed.  Next, it will argue in favor of a particular type of "negative" label ("this product contains no GMOs") as distinct from a "positive" label ("this product may contain GMOs").   This proposal draws on the U.S. experience in the dairy sector with milk...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14402

SHRINKING INTERNATIONAL MARKETS FOR GM CROPS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33093

Financing agricultural inputs in Northern Togo through an inventory credit system: an economic analysis of institutional response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konlambigue,   Abdou.
Agricultural intensification is widely seen as a condition sine-qua-non for enhanced food security and as a major driver for overall economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this process, the financial system has an important role to play, especially to finance agricultural inputs. However in SSA, the financial institutions initiated by governments and donors have in general not lived up to the expectations, in particular not for the agricultural sector, because of inappropriate design and weaknesses in implementation. Even the microfinance institutions which were supposed to support the small-scale farmers have deflected for their goals due to the risks that the agricultural sector represents. To date, the economic research tends to concentrate on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financing; Agricultural inputs; Inventory credit; Togo; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52100

Knowledge-Based Decision Support Systems: A Background to Expert Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colomb,   Robert M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12347

Investigation of the factors influencing adoption of GM crops at country level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Clare; Toma,   Luiza; Moran,   Dominic.
With the possible exception of nuclear technology, few scientific breakthroughs have generated the level of emotive debate that has surrounded the roll-out of agricultural biotechnology. Initial discussion about the environmental impacts of agricultural genetic modification, are now frequently juxtaposed with counter-claims that the technologies could actually be part of a wider global environmental solution in relation to climate change mitigation and food shortages. This study tests whether there are any consistent messages on why some countries seem to be advancing adoption of the technology, while others are not. We consider the range of claims in existing literature on adoption tendencies and then use structural equation modelling to test and estimate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Structural equation model; Global adoption.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50366

Control of Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centre for International Economics.
Between 1983 and 1992, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) invested A$3 million in research to find a vaccine that could provide protection from Newcastle disease in chickens and be applied in village environments in developing countries. A further $160 000 was invested in follow up projects which ended in 1996. Village chickens often provide the only source of protein to poor villagers living in remote areas and Newcastle disease frequently devastates unvaccinated village flocks. The ACIAR-sponsored research was highly successful in developing a heat resistant vaccine (HRV4) which could be readily used in the field by coating it onto chicken feed. The vaccine was commercialised by an Australian company which subsequently...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Newcastle disease; Chickens; Poultry; Vaccine; Malaysia; Vietnam; ACIAR; Australia; Developing country; Village; Africa; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47190

The Impact of Public and Private R&amp;D n Farmers' Production Decisions: 1960-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuring,   Jessica; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Fan,   Xing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Aggregate production; Midwestern agriculture; Elasticities of supply and demand; Public agricultural research; GM- crop varieties; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q16; Q41.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103493

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTS AND THEIR ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE (I)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skerman,   P.J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22466

Relationship between Social Capital and Livelihood Enhancing Capitals among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abenakyo,   Annet; Sanginga,   Pascal; Njuki,   Jemimah M.; Kaaria,   Susan; Delve,   Robert J.
Social capital is an important characteristic of a community and is one of the components of the asset pentagon of the sustainable livelihood framework. The study aimed at assessing the levels and dimensions of social capital and how social capital influences other livelihood capitals. A Cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 208 households was conducted in Masindi and Hoima Districts in Uganda to assess the current livelihood conditions and strategies for improving rural livelihoods. An Index of social capital was generated using density of group membership and three levels of social capital where generated i.e. high, medium and low.  Two dimensions of social capital (bonding and bridging) were considered. Results showed that households with high...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relationship; Social Capital; Livelihood Capitals; Smallholder Farmers; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52191

Interactions of Technological Change in Australian Agriculture: An Aggregative Programming Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wicks,   John A.; Crellin,   Ian R.
In this paper an extension of the work previously undertaken using the Aggregative Programming Model of Australian Agriculture for the analysis of the effects on Australian agriculture of changes in productivity is described. The impact of four specific improvements in technology, two in the sheep sector and one each of the beef and wheat sectors, are analyzed both separately and in combination. The rates of productivity growth resulting from the technological changes are measured both nationally and by State. Results are presented showing net farm income by State and for all Australia, as well as agricultural output for all Australia.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12545

A Framework for Assessing of the Impact of Capacity Building
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Templeton,   Deborah J.
Capacity building is widely recognised as an important component of most research-for-development activities. However despite the fact that around $15 billion is spent annually on capacity building activities, there has been limited assessment of the economic returns to that investment. In recent years, the Impact Assessment Program of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research has turned its attention to quantifying the benefits from capacity-building. This paper sets out a framework for assessing of the impact of capacity building and presents four case studies. It does not purport to be a definitive paper by any means. Rather, it is an account of just one organisations experience. It is hoped that as work on this important area...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Capacity building; Impact assessment; Attribution; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51716

POLITICS OF PUBLIC SUPPORT OF RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   James H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17596

Transformations of agricultural extension services in the EU: Towards a lack of adequate knowledge for small-scale farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Labarthe,   Pierre; Laurent,   Catherine E.
This paper examines the consequences of the transformations of extension services for small scale farms. It presents the results of investigations embedded in regulation theory, which combine a comparative institutional analysis, statistical data processing (national agricultural census) and direct surveys. We describe the transformations in the EU and show that they make it more difficult for small farms to access extension services and to benefit from “front office” support (i.e. direct advice from extensionists). Finally, we emphasize that due to the modification of the knowledge production regime, these small farms may also suffer new specific adverse effects resulting from the re-organization of the "back-office" R&amp;D activities of these extension...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural extension services; Small-scale farms; Institutional Analysis; Europe; Knowledge; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q12; B52; P51; D83.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52859

Stimulation of innovations: case of the Latvian IT cluster
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeibote,   Zane.
This paper is based on assumption that innovation and competitiveness can be facilitated by clusters. The cluster approach has certain advantages which could be explored by firms looking for increased growth, competitiveness and innovation. The analysis of the Latvian Information Technology cluster shows that it has developed a platform for increasing competitiveness and innovation capacity for IT firms, and it helps to draw conclusions for further improvement of cluster and individual company performance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Competitiveness; Clusters; Cluster initiative; Information technology; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M15; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94526

REWARDING NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSONNEL: ARE CONFECTIONERY MANUFACTURERS STILL IN DARK AGES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spaulding,   Aslihan D.; Woods,   Timothy A.
Keywords: New product development, compensation, performance measurement, cross-functional team, confectionery manufacturing
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19644

PRODUCER CONTRACT STRATEGIES IN GM CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maxwell,   Brett J.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A number of challenges exist for genetically modified (GM) crop development at the production level.  Contract strategies can resolve some of  these challenges.  Contracts can be designed to induce legal adoption of GM crops by varying technology fees, violation detection, and penalties.  The objective of this research is to analyze contracting strategies to determine terms to induce legal adoption of GM wheat and to minimize technology agreement violations.  A simulation model of the prospective introduction of GM technology into hard red spring wheat was developed.  Results illustrate that contracts can be designed to induce desired behavior.  Technology fees, probability of detection, and the level of non-GM premium were the most notable factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Genetically modified crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23534

Determinants of Selected Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria: An Ecm Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yusuf,   Sina A.; Yusuf,   W.A.
This study examines the factors that determine the export performance of three major agricultural exportable commodities of cocoa, rubber and palm-kernel in the context of liberalization. Using time series data covering thirty three years and to avoid spurious result, error correction model was applied in the analysis. The unit root test is in line with the a priori expectation that macroeconomic variables are not stationary at their level. Virtually all the variables tested were differenced once before attaining stationarity. Each of the three equations indicated that the dependent variables cointegrated with their arguments at 1 percent level. There is the existence of short term and long term equilibrium relationships between the dependent variables and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Cointegration; ECM; Nigeria; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52181

Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis: A practical method for project planning and evaluation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Douthwaite,   Boru; Alvarez,   Sophie; Thiele,   Graham; Mackay,   Ronald.
Participatory Impact Pathways Analysis (PIPA) is a practical planning, and monitoring and evaluation approach developed for use with complex projects in the water and food sectors . PIPA begins with a participatory workshop where stakeholders make explicit their assumptions about how their project will achieve an impact. Participants construct problem trees, carry out a visioning exercise and draw network maps to help them clarify their 'impact pathways'. These are then articulated in two logic models. The outcomes logic model describes the project's medium term objectives in the form of hypotheses: which actors need to change, what are those changes and which strategies are needed to realise these changes. The impact logic model describes how, by helping...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: PIPA; Impact pathway; PME; Evaluation; Framework; Tool; Planning; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52527

The transformation of irrigation boards into water user associations in South Africa: Case studies of the Lower Olifants, Great Letaba and Vaalharts water user associations. Volume 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seshoka,   Jetrick; de Lange,   Willem J.; Faysse,   Nicolas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water users’ associations; Organizational development; Institutional development; River basins; Water use; Water quality; Canals; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Water resource management; Water requirements; Irrigation requirements; Water allocation; Dams; Irrigation programs; Farmers; Case studies; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92655

Research Evaluation - The Needs of an Administrator
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Raymond J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48985

L’Impact de la technologie agricole en Afrique subsaharienne: Synthèse des conclusions du colloque
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Crawford,   Eric W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 3.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54057

BUREAUCRATIC PRODUCTIVITY: THE CASE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13911

Rural Household Labour Demand, Contract Choice, Hoarding Cost and Poverty: Evidence from Western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gathungu,   E.; Musyoka,   M.P.
This study determines the factors that influenced contract choice, labour demand and examines the existence of labour hoarding practice in Western region of Kenya. Data from Egerton University’s Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development was used for the analysis.. A two step Heckman model was employed to estimate the extent of engagement in daily and semi-permanent contracts conditional on choice of contract. Results from the study show that casual and semi-permanent contracts are substitutes.  Family labour negatively influences engagement in daily and semi-permanent contracts hence it is a substitute to the two forms of the contracts. Increase in wages paid to casual contracts is negative and significant to the extent of daily contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Kenya; Labour; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52159

Benefit-Cost Analysis and Socio-Economic Considerations of Trypanosomiasis Control and Treatment in Northern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wahab,   S.; Asuming-Brempong,   Samuel.
The paper estimates the cost of tsetse control and treatment of trypanosomiasis and the benefits involved, using benefit-cost analysis. It also estimates the extent to which socio-economic characteristics of farmers affect the use of tsetse control techniques, using a maximum Likelihood-Binary Logit model. The results show that farmers will benefit if they invest in control and treatment of the disease. We find that the farmer accepting the challenge that the tsetse fly is a threat to cattle production, the number of dependants the farmer has, and the farmer agreeing that the bite of the tsetse fly causes the nagana disease are significant factors that affect adoption of control practices including the use of prescribed drugs. Our findings suggest that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52878

Microcomputers and Programmable Calculators for Agricultural Research in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Michael T.; Pease,   James W.; Vincent,   Warren H.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Stilwell,   Thomas C.
The results of an International Conference held on May 18-21, 1982, at Michigan State University are presented. The main objective was to identify critical issues related to data processing, hardware, software, and institutionalization and training for research for agricultural and rural development.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Microcomputers; Programmable calculators; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 30; Q18.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54765

Needed Reforms in the Harmonization of U.S. Patent Law
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121480

Agricultural Value Chain Development in West Africa – Methodological framework and case study of mango in Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Melle,   Cathelijne; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Hell,   Kerstin.
Globalization and competitiveness of agricultural commodities could have significant potential benefits for food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. Participation in global trade and economy is potentially important but not enough to ensure benefits at all levels of the chains and equitable distribution of income for each participant. Efficiency is key in the commodity value chain, but effective support functions and services, infrastructure, legal and policy environment are important. This paper presents the framework of value chain concept and analysis, as a guide to enhance competitiveness of commodities at national, regional or global level. The paper applies the value chain framework to a case study on mango in Benin, West Africa. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Benin; Mango; Value chain; West Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51994

The Productivity and Allocation of Research: U.S. Agricultural Experiment Stations, Revisited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.
Estimates of marginal products and rates of return to cash grains, dairy, poultry, and other livestock research in the United States were made by Bredahl and Peterson using 1969 Census of Agriculture data. Their results showed national returns to crop and livestock research to be in the 36 to 46% range. These estimates of returns, several times higher than market rates, have proven useful to agricultural researchers and administrators in supporting budget requests. Bredahl and Peterson provided marginal products by commodity groups by states which have been used by economists in particular states to calculate rates of return to research on commodity groups in those states (Mitchell, Coffey, Babb, and Pratt). More recently, Davis has provided evidence that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49053

VARIETY DEMAND IN AN INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD MODEL WITH ATTRIBUTES: IMPLICATIONS FOR EMERGING CROP BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edmeades,   Svetlana; Phaneuf,   Daniel J.; Smale,   Melinda; Renkow,   Mitch.
In this paper we consider the role of variety attributes in an agricultural household model of variety planting decisions. In an application to banana production in Uganda we derive a system of derived demands for a set of available banana varieties. Our empirical model uses a hudle/count data framework to examine simaltaneously the likelihood a household has experience with a given variety, and the amount of the  variety that is planted. We find that production, consumption, and pest resistance attributes  significantly influence planting decisions. These findings have implications for emerging crop biotechnologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20318

Assessing the Impact of Cowpea and Sorghum Research and Extension in Northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; Bernsten,   Richard H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 7.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11415

Public Investment Policy in Life-Science Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Chenggang; Xia,   Yin; Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Buccola,   Steven T.
The article presents a dynamic model of research investment.  This model allows us to examine three important channels through which public investment policy can affect the private sector's research investment, that is, the productivity, replacement, and wage effects.  Two alternative empirical approaches are introduced to implement the model.  Through a unified examination of the productivity, replacement, and wage effects, the empirical estimation of this model will provide insight into whether public-sector research investment crowds in or crowds out private-sector research investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21330

Data, Information and Knowledge in Agricultural Decision-Making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houskova Berankova,   Martina; Houska,   Milan.
It is very important to work with data, information and knowledge correctly, when a decision model is used as a support for managerial decision-making. Unfortunately, these terms are understood differently in various branches; particularly, the definitions of knowledge are very different. It causes problems in praxis; it is not clear, in which case data processing, information or knowledge/expert systems are appropriate to use. In this paper we introduce modern approaches to indentifying these terms. The objective of the paper is to identify data, information and knowledge in decision-making process, particularly in multiple-criteria decision-making model, to help users of such models to better understand it. To reach this objective, we need to provide...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Data; Information; Knowledge; Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Model; Grain Dryers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109740

Comprehensive evaluation on urban competitiveness - A Case of Xinjiang Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wan,   Qiu-cheng.
This paper constructs the index system and econometric model of comprehensive evaluation on urban competitiveness, then adopts the factor analysis method to measure the urban competitiveness of 22 prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang Province. The 22 prefecture-level cities are divided into four levels according to the measurement result. Comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the cities in each level is carried out. And related countermeasures and proposals on how to improve the urban competitiveness of the 22 cities are put forward.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Urban competitiveness; Factor analysis; Xinjiang province; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53483

Review of the Returns to ACIAR's Bilateral R&amp;D Investments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raltzer,   David A.; Lindner,   Robert K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113215

INDUCED INNOVATION TESTS ON WESTERN AMERICAN AGRICULTURE: A COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Qinghua; Shumway,   C. Richard.
The Induced Innovation Hypothesis (IIH) is tested for Western US agriculture by means of a cointegration test. An ECM model is used to separate the short-run and long-run effects of relative price changes. A difference in the elasticities of factor substitution along the isoquant curve and the innovation possibility curve implies IIH. The estimated results showed that the induced innovation hypothesis was supported for the three regions of Washington, PNW, and the West, but not for the nation.  However, while changes in relative input prices induced innovation, changes in output level or R&amp;E investments did not.  The empirical tests failed to find any significant impact of changes in the latter variables on agricultural technology in any of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22237

AUTOMATION OR OPENNESS?: TECHNOLOGY AND TRADE IMPACTS ON COSTS AND LABOR COMPOSITION IN THE FOOD SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Siegel,   Donald.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Technology; Production costs; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25940

Role of inputs, institutions, and technical innovations in stimulating growth in Chinese agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Pardey,   Philip G.
Cover title. "September 1995"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth economics -- Models; Agricultural productivity -- China; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97516

Pricing behavior in Philippine Corn Markets: Implications For Market Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendoz,   Meyra Sebello; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Income-led growth in demand for meat is expected to provide the major stimulus for expansion in the Philippine corn sector. Traditionally eaten as a cheaper carbohydrate substituting for rice by many Filipinos, corn is now increasingly being used to grow corn, which has displaced rice as the most important crop in terms of cultivated area.  In recent years, the Philippine government had vigorously pursued a series of sectoral and economy wide policy reforms to invigorate the corn sector and support the feed requirements of the livestock industry. These reforms include more liberal foreign exchange policies, lifting of control over domestic marketing operations, deregulation of the interisland transportation system, and production- augmenting programs. A...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Corn; Prices; Philippines; Statical methods; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37911

Intellectual Property Rights, Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs), and Strategic Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/30/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21434

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES - THEIR RELEVANCE TO TODAY'S ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13417

THEORETICAL AND POLICY BACKGROUND TO THE TOP-MARD PROJECT (TOWARDS A POLICY MODEL OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryden,   John Marshall; Arandia Miura,   Amaia; Johnson,   Thomas G.
The TOP-MARD project is a 3-year, 11 country, project supported by the EU’s Framework 6 Programme for Research and Technology Development1. The aim of the research project was to build a policy model of multifunctional agriculture and rural development which would link the multiple functions of agriculture with the development and quality of life of rural regions, and explore the influence of different policies on rural development outcomes. In order to deal with both market and non-market outputs, and to explore dynamics over time, a systems modelling approach was adopted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6396

FACTOR PRICES AND TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN, 1880-1960
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that a common basis for rapid growth in agricultural output and productivity lies in a remarkable adaptation of agricultural technology to the sharply contrasting factor proportions in the two countries. It is hypothesized that an important aspect of this adaptation was the ability to generate a continuous sequence of induced innovations in agricultural technology biased towards saving the limiting factors. In Japan these innovations were primarily biological and chemical. In the United States they were primarily mechanical.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14172

Do Voluntary Pollution Reduction Programs (VPRs) Spur Innovation in Environmental Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carrion-Flores,   Carmen E.; Innes,   Robert; Sam,   Abdoul G.
In the context of the EPA’'s 33/50 program, we study whether a VPR can prompt firms to develop new environmental technologies that yield future emission reduction benefits.  Because pollutant reductions generally require costly reformulations of products and/or production processes, environmental over-compliance – induced by a VPR – may potentially spur environmental innovation that can reduce these costs.  Conversely, a VPR may induce a participating firm to divert resources from environmental research to environmental monitoring and compliance activities that yield short-term benefits in reduced emissions. We find evidence that higher rates of 33/50 program participation are associated with significant reductions in the number of successful environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21124

Role of innovation in growth of countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tejinder,   Sara.
The paper discusses the role of innovative capability in growth of a country by arguing that in the long run, a nation’s higher order competitive advantage can be built only with innovation. The paper also identifies eight determinants of innovation capability of a country. The discussion of these eight determinants should be useful for policy makers in countries attempting to promote economic growth by improving the productivity of the firms in their countries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Economic growth; Productivity of the firms; Innovative firms; Innovation capability of a country.; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O10; 021; 031; 038.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94611

THE CREATION AND SPREAD OF TECHNOLOGY AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA'S AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Songqing; Huang,   Jikun; Hu,   Ruifa; Rozelle,   Scott.
The study’s overall goal is to create a framework for assessing the trends of China'’s national and international investment in agricultural research and to measure its impact on total factor productivity. The main methodological contribution is to provide more convincing measures of crop-specific technologies from China'’s national research program and of those imported from the international agricultural research system. Our results find that from 1980-95, China’'s total factor productivity for rice, wheat and maize grew rapidly and new technology accounts for most of the productivity growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11981

Knowledge-intensive business services: a brief overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobrai,   Katalin; Farkas,   Ferenc.
In the last decade of the 20th century knowledge has gained importance in the economy. This lead to the emergence of knowledge-based activities: knowledge-intensive organizations, and particularly knowledge-intensive services. These organizations function as external knowledge sources for other organizations. Their performance depends largely on professional knowledge. Since their performance has an impact on the success of their clients, it is important to look at those factors which influence the knowledge transfer between service provider and client organization. Based on theory and empirical research, the paper addresses the specific aspects of knowledge transfer from knowledge-intensive business service organizations to client organizations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS); Client organization; Client knowledge.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L84.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94564

STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN OECD AGRICULTURE: GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Chalfant,   James A.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14473

MICROCOMPUTER BUDGET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGrann,   James M.; Olson,   Kent D.; Powell,   Timothy A.; Nelson,   Ted R.
The enterprise budget, whole farm cash flow, and income statement are fundamental tools of farm and ranch management. The "Microcomputer Budget Management System" (MBMS) is a microcomputer software package that facilitates the storage and use of information for crop and livestock budgeting. It performs the calculations for several enterprise budgeting formats and for preparation of whole farm resource use reports and financial statements. The MBMS also includes internal machinery and irrigation cost calculation routines. MBMS was developed for use by extension staff, researchers, lenders, consultants, and operators of diversified farms and ranches with many enterprises that use enterprise and whole farm budgeting for analysis and planning activities. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29443

SMALL FARMS IN MICHIGAN:  A PROPOSAL FOR RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapman,   James.
The operators of small farms play an important role in determining Michigan's agricultural production.  Approximately one third of the state's gross farm sales originate from small farms.  Yet small farms are relatively less efficient and less productive than commercial farms.  Crop yields are lower and a smaller percentage of cropland results in harvested crops.  If greater land productivity and larger agricultural output are desirable from Michigan farms, they could come from small farms provided that physical production inputs are available to the operators in sufficient quantities at reasonable prices, and that small farmers can learn and use good managerial techniques in order to achieve greater productivity.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11068

PLANNING AND EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN ZIMBABWE:  A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mudimu,   Godfrey D.
Agricultural research has enormous potential for improving Sub-Saharan African countries' agricultural performance, thereby, stimulating agricultural growth and development.  For this potential to be realized, clear policy action is required to accelerate the generation and adoption of new technologies.  This calls for, in the first place, evaluation of past research efforts to expose weaknesses that need to be redressed.  Secondly, if agricultural research is to contribute positively to agricultural development, research resources have to be allocated efficiently among competing research program alternatives.  This requires an informed decision-making tool.  This study examined the evolution and performance of agricultural research in Zimbabwe up to 1980....
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11155

Analysis of the Adoption of Irrigation Technologies Under Uncertain Water Availability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escribano,   Maria Jesus; Calatrava-Leyva,   Javier.
This paper analyses the adoption process of water-conserving irrigation technologies by a risk averse farmer in a context of uncertain water availability. Firstly, it is analytically shown that the increase in water efficiency that the new technology allows results in a decrease in the cost of the effective irrigation water applied, as well as in an increase in both effective water applied and crop production. It is also concluded that the optimal amount of irrigation water applied depends on individual risk preferences of the producer, on the variance and asymmetry of the cost of water applied, and on the elasticity of the marginal productivity of the effective water applied. Lastly, it is theoretically shown that an increase in the level of uncertainty...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation technology; Adoption; Risk; Water availability; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q12; D81.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24672

COSTS OF OPERATING A COMPUTERIZED TRADING SYSTEM FOR SLAUGHTER LAMBS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russell,   James R.; Purcell,   Wayne D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30222

Agricultural Statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Differences in Institutional Arrangements and their Impacts on Agricultural Statistics Systems. A Synthesis of Four Country Case Studies.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Donovan,   Cynthia.
A major push supporting improved data collection and                         analysis is required if African                         countries are to successfully design and implement results-                         based Poverty Reduction Strategy                         Programs (PRSP) and the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural                          Development Program                         (CAADP) being promoted by the New Partnership for African                         Development (NEPAD).                         Over the years there have been many initiatives to build                         statistical capacity in Africa. Many                         problems have plagued these efforts, including inadequate                         funding and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Statistics; Institutions; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54558

The Geography and Channels of Diffusion at the World's Technology Frontier
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keller,   Wolfgang.
Convergence in per capita income turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. Global spillovers favor convergence, while a geographically limited scope of knowledge diffusion can lead to regional clusters of countries with persistently different levels of income per capita. This paper estimates the importance of geographic distance for technology diffusion, how this changed over time, and whether international trade, foreign direct investment, and communication flows serve as important channels of diffusion. The analysis is based on examining the productivity effects of R&amp;D expenditures in the world's seven major industrialized countries between 1970 and 1995. First, I find that the scope of technology diffusion is severely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Divergence; Economic Geography; Total Factor Productivity; Technology Diffusion; International Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Communication; Spillovers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 03; F2.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26140

DATA MINING BASED MODEL AGGREGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szucs,   Imre.
Applying modelling techniques for getting acquainted with customer behaviour, predicting the customers’ next step is neccessary to keep in competition, by decreasing the capital requirement (Basel II - IRB) or making the portfolio more profitable. According to the easily implementable modelling techniques, data mining solutions widespread in practice. Using these models with no conditions can lead into inconsistent future on portfolio change. Consequence of this situation, contradictory predictions and conclusions come into existence. Recognizing and conscious handling of inconsistent predictions is an important task for experts working on different scene of the knowledge based economy and society. By realizing and solving the problem of inconsistency in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Model aggregation; Consistent future; Data mining; CRM; Basel II; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58928

MARKET STRUCTURE AND INNOVATION IN AG-BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Bhuyan,   Sanjib; Hossain,   Ferdaus; Naseem,   Anwar.
The objective of this paper is to make a contribution to a debated issue in industrial organization that of the relationship between market structure and innovation. We place this topic within a theoretical framework and in the context of the agricultural biotechnology research market. Our theoretical model addresses how firm R&amp;D decisions are affected by upstream and downstream market structures, farmer adoption decisions, and patent strength.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19893

Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Six Southern States: Results from the 2001 Southern Precision Farming Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Goodman,   W. Robert; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.; Shurley,   W. Donald.
Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Six Southern States: Results from the 2001 Southern Precision Farming Survey
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Precision farming; Survey; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91331

Theoretical Aspects of a Dynamic Programming Model for Studying the Allocation of Land to Pasture Improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Throsby,   C.D.
The study on which this article is based is hoped to be the first of a series investigating the use of dynamic programming in agricultural allocation decisions. The model presented in this article was constructed in simple form to study once-over sequences of allocation of land to some activity of long-run benefit. The activity chosen was pasture improvement, but as will be seen later the section of the model which describes pasture improvement could be altered to make the model specific to some other relevant activity if desired.  The presentation of this article is as follows: First the nature of dynamic programming as an analytical tool is explained. Then the dynamic programming relationships in the model are constructed and a simple numerical example...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1964
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9052

Impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a review and preliminary vulnerability mapping
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eriyagama,   Nishadi; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.; Chandrapala,   Lalith; Fernando,   Karin.
There is ample evidence to suggest that Sri Lanka’s climate has already changed. However, the bigger question of national importance is what Sri Lanka’s climate will look like in 50 or 100 years and how prepared the country is to face such changes. This report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The study also developed a pilot level CC Vulnerability Index, which was subsequently mapped at district level. The maps indicate that typical farming districts such as Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Moneragala, Ratnapura and Anuradhapura are the most vulnerable to CC due to their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Rain; Water resource management; Crops; Mapping; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94787

Competitiveness and revealed comparative advantage in the SADC maize industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mutambatsere,   Emelly.
This paper evaluates the production and trade trends for maize and maize products in southern Africa, individual countries’ revealed comparative advantages in producing these products, and the expected implications of freer trade in this sector. The analysis employs mainly annual bilateral trade data for the period 1996-2004, evaluated using comprehensive descriptive measures and the Revealed Comparative Advantage index. Results indicate that at least half of the countries in the SADC region are deficit producers of maize and maize products, and that only South Africa is a net exporter of all products considered. Substantial cross-hauling is observed, and the bulk of locally produced products are traded regionally, with over 90% regional bias for half of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51996

Differing U.S. and European Perspectives on GMOs: Political, Economic and Cultural Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Bagnara,   Gian Luca; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
This paper provides an overview of the historical and cultural factors that have contributed to divergent U.S. and European views on GMOs, and to resulting different national regulatory approaches for these products, specifically labelling policy. Within the context of the international trading system, these national policy choices will have impacts that will spill over national borders. Dialogue may be difficult to achieve, given widely divergent views concerning GMOs; however, without dialogue potential global social benefits of policy harmonization will be forfeited.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Culture; Harmonization; Labelling; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23874

ACIAR and Public Funding of R&amp;D: Submission to Productivity Commission Study on Public Support for Science and Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113247

Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Lantican,   Maximina A.; Dubin,   H. Jesse.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7653

Innovation, Integration, and the Biotechnology Revolution in U.S. Seed Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stiegert,   Kyle W.; Shi,   Guanming; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L11; L13; L25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94755

Green Revolution Technology Takes Root In Africa: The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia; Statistical Annex and Copies of Questionnaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.; Demeke,   Mulat; Maredia,   Mywish K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural inputs; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 5; O33.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54579

What the Print Media Tell Us About Agricultural Biotechnology: Will We Remember?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomson,   Joan; Dininni,   Laura.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93599

THE BLENDING OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS: WEALTH STATUS, GENDER AND THE ADOPTION OF IMPROVED FALLOWS IN ZAMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franzel,   Steven Charles; Phiri,   Donald; Mafongoya,   Paramu; Jere,   Isaac; Katanga,   Roza; Phiri,   Stanslous.
Although there is increasing emphasis on targeting of improved technology towards poor and female farmers, few adoption studies assess the uptake of new practices by these groups in a comprehensive manner.  In this study, community members used the wealth ranking method to identify the different wealth groups in their communities, to determine each household's wealth status, and to assess the association of wealth and different types of households with the planting of improved tree fallows, a practice for improving crop yields.  There were no significant differences between the proportions of women and men planting improved fallows nor were there differences between single women and female heads of households who were married.  There was some evidence of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Agroforestry; Participatory research; Sesbania sesban; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25812

INNOVATIONSVERHALTEN IN DER DEUTSCHEN LANDWIRTSCHAFT – EMPIRISCHE ERGEBNISSE AM BEISPIEL DER BIOGASPRODUKTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Voss,   Julian; Schaper,   Christian; Spiller,   Achim; Theuvsen,   Ludwig.
In Deutschland genießen die Energie- und Klimapolitik und mit ihr die erneuerbaren Energien bereits seit längerer Zeit eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit. Von politischer Seite wurden weitreichende Förderungsmaßnahmen und Anreize zur Investition in erneuerbare Energien geschaffen. Aufgrund der guten produktionstechnischen Voraussetzungen der Landwirtschaft zur Erzeugung von Bioenergie hat dies in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem regelrechten Biogas-Boom auf landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben geführt. Für diese Betriebe bedeutet die Investition in eine Biogasanlage gleichzeitig eine Diversifikation des Tätigkeitsspektrums. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, welche Faktoren (betriebsstrukturelle Merkmale und Einstellungen der Betriebsleiter) diese Diversifikation und...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biogasanlagen; Landwirtschaftliches Innovationsverhalten; Diffusionsforschung; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52666

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes: The Effects of a Wholesale Fruit and Vegetable Auction on Produce Marketing and Distribution. Barbara James, Associate Professor; Thomas Blaine, Assistant Professor; and Randall James, Associate Professor: Ohio State University Extension.  The Feasibility of Establishing a Fresh Packing Facility for Selected Produce Items in Delaware. Richard J. Bacon, Associate Scientist; Ulrich C. Toensmeyer, Professor; and Carl L. German, Extension Specialist: Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Delaware.  Patronage at a Farmer's Market: An Analysis of Knoxville Area Residents: Perceptions and Trips to the Outlet. David B. Eastwood, Professor; John R. Brooker, Professor; and Morgan D. Gray, Computer Analyst: Department of Agricultural...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27791

Economic Evaluation of Forestry Research: Synthesis and Methodology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seldon,   Barry J.
Interest in the economic impacts of research and development (R&amp;D) among forest economists is of relatively recent vintage when compared with the long history of such inquiries in agricultural economics. In contrast to the literature in agricultural economics, which can be traced to the seminal works of Schultz (1953) and Griliches (1958), such work in forest economics was not of widespread interest until 1979 when the USDA Forest Service responded to the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 by initiating an examination of policy concerning public support for R&amp;D (Callaham, 1981). In 1980 the Forest Service began a national program to develop methods for the economic evaluation of R&amp;D in forest product technologies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50027

Discounting Spotted Apples: Investigating Consumers’ Willingness to Accept Cosmetic Damage in an Organic Product
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Alfnes,   Frode; Jensen,   Helen H.
The appearance of organic produce is often less than perfect because of limited methods of avoiding plant diseases. We combine hypothetical and real auction mechanisms to investigate how cosmetic damage affects consumers’ willingness to pay for apples. We find that 75% of the participants are willing to pay more for organic than for conventional apples given identical appearance. However, at the first sight of any imperfection in the appearance of the organic apples, this segment is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the cosmetic damage has a larger impact on the willingness to pay for organic apples than for conventional apples.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Appearance; Apples; Experimental auctions; Organic; Willingness to pay; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48756

DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE RANCHING: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Igliori,   Danilo Camargo.
The determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching are closely related with the debate involving the conservation-development trade-off in the Brazilian Amazon. Concerned with balancing development and environmental conservation, policy makers and academics have emphasized the importance of choosing ways of selecting areas where land use restrictions would be established. In order to understand the relationship between spatial patterns of deforestation and the associated distribution and characteristics of economic activity, issues regarding technical efficiency are clearly important. This paper aims to identify the socio-economic and environmental determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Technical efficiency; Spatial analysis; Brazilian Amazon; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31927

Evaluación Horizontal: Estimulando el aprendizaje social entre “pares”
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiele,   Graham; Devaux,   Andre; Velasco,   Claudio; Manrique,   Kurt.
La evaluación horizontal es un método flexible de evaluación que combina la autoevaluación y una revisión externa por "pares". Hemos desarrollado este método para utilizarlo en una red regional en los Andes que desarrolla nuevas metodologías de investigación y desarrollo (I + D). La participación de "pares" neutraliza las relaciones de poder asimétricas que prevalecen en las evaluaciones externas tradicionales, creándose una atmósfera más favorable para aprender y mejorar. El elemento central de una evaluación horizontal es un taller que reúne a un grupo de "participantes locales", quienes están desarrollando y aplicando una nueva metodología de I + D, y a un grupo de "visitantes" o "pares" interesados en dicha metodología. El taller combina presentaciones...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Evaluación; Horizontal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52524

Induced Innovation in the Agricultural Sector: Evidence From a State Panel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shumway,   C. Richard; Liu,   Yucan.
This paper uses recently developed panel cointegration techniques and error correction modeling to test the hypothesis of induced innovation in a state-level panel of U.S. agricultural production. These methods provide greatly improved power compared to conventional approaches.  A 5-step testing procedure is used to test the induced innovation hypothesis based on a 2-stage CES production function with aggregate output and four input categories.  For both pairs of inputs, the test fails to support the hypothesis of induced innovation at one or more of the critical steps.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21089

ICT and Typical Products: An Analysis of Italian Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Platania,   Marco; Privitera,   Donatella.
The paper discusses the final results of research into the use and impact of ICT on a sample of firms in the Calabria region of southern Italy processing typical food products (salami, citrus fruits, oil, cheese) certified as PDO or PGI. The specific sample was chosen for two reasons: on the one hand to assess the compatibility of ICT in firms where production follows historic and territorial traditions, and on the other to test the hypothesis that the use of ICT in firms processing food products of certified quality should ideally present a greater, more significant impact. The results let us know some characteristics concerning with the introduction and usage of new technology in the examined farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Computer use; Typical Italian products; Intensity of innovation; Agricultural software use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q16; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24648

Modern aspects of public private partnership
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Milosavljevic,   Milos; Benkovic,   Sladjana.
Development of infrastructure is essential presumption for growth and development of relevant economic entities. The empirical evidence of private initiative importance and potentials in the establishment of cooperation with the public sector in infrastructure projects financing and operation refocused professional and academic attention on the studies of this phenomenon. The realm of the public private partnership (PPP) became scientifically treated as an interdisciplinary skill based mostly on project financing, whilst practically it became almost mandatory method for economic prosperity. Practical problems in implementation appeared due to lack of knowledge and nonsystematic approach in researches of private public partnership. This paper presents...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Infrastructure; Public private partnership; Hybrid public private partnership models.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H54; O22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94568

Water Quality Trading in the Presence of Discrete Abatement Costs: An Experimental Analysis of Contract Length and the Timing of Investment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Luke; Vossler,   Christian A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61810

Effects of global crisis on structural policies and financial regulations: the comparison of OECD economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bahce,   Abdullah; Karaaslan,   Yusuf.
Global crisis that has affected all economies has also given harms for financial and structural bodies of economies. Near after this financial crisis, governments took different responsibilities to overcome this phenomenon. In this context, priorities in overcoming the crisis have concentrated on the macroeconomic adjustments and regulatory precautions. Measures should have taken by the governments of OECD economies in line of macroeconomic adjustment and crisis exit strategies are outlined briefly.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global crisis; Macroeconomic policies; Financial regulations.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; G01; E60; G18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94570

Some Preliminary Results of Estimating the Impacts of Research Investment on Corn, Wheat and Sorghum
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Daniel M.; Havlicek,   Joseph, Jr.
The aggregate approach to the evaluation of production oriented expenditure in the United States has consistently shown high rates of return to agricultural research investments. These efforts, while showing the value of agricultural research, are limited in the information they can provide policy and budget decisionmakers. More recently, efforts such as the analysis of four major commodity groups by Bredahl and Peterson and cross sectional studies by Evenson, White, and Havlicek have begun refining the level of analysis to individual regions and states and for specific commodities (Evenson, Bredahl and Peterson, White and Havlicek). The objective of this study is to further disaggregate these commodity groupings of Bredahl and Peterson into individual...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49020

Information and Communication Technologies for Regional Development in the Czech Republic – Broadband Connectivity in Rural Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanek,   Jiri; Jarolimek,   Jan; Vogeltanzova,   Tereza.
The present paper introduces chosen results of an ICT development survey in the regions of the Czech Republic. The survey was primarily focused on broadband connectivity and its adoption by agricultural enterprises operating in rural areas. The survey was conducted in the context of both the EU strategy "Digital Agenda for Europe" and the national program document "National Policy in Electronic Communications - Digital Czech Republic". It stems from the enquiries that the situation is not – in spite of a certain improvement – satisfactory and the digital divide remains highly topical in rural areas of the Czech Republic. Broadband connectivity reaches practically 100% in urban areas and more than 85% in suburban areas whereas the rural areas show only...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ICT adoption; Broadband; Digital Agenda for Europe; ADSL; FTTx; Wi-Fi.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116385

AMERICANS AND GM FOOD: KNOWLEDGE, OPINION AND INTEREST IN 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   William K.; Hebden,   W. Carl; Cuite,   Cara L.; Aquino,   Helen L.; Lang,   John T.
This report presents the results from the third in a series of studies examining public perception of genetically modified (GM) food in the United States. All three studies were based on survey results of separate, nationally representative samples of approximately 1,200 Americans taken in 2001, 2003, and 2004. While the survey instrument on which the current report is based maintained many of the same measures of awareness and attitude as its two predecessors, it also included several new queries that assess the ability of respondents to recall specific news stories related to GM food, their interest in the topic, and where they would go to look for new information.  Many questions that were repeated from previous years have changed considerably in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18175

LL601 Contamination and Its Impact on U.S. Rice Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Yarui; Wailes,   Eric J.; McKenzie,   Andrew M.; Thomsen,   Michael R.
LL601 is a genetically modified rice variety and unapproved for commercial use. Its presence was found in commercial shipments of U.S. rice in 2006. This article explores its impact on prices and volume marketed for both the United States and Thailand, the major export competitor. The results show a significantly adverse but short duration effect on the U.S. rice market and little to no effect on the Thai rice market.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Error correction model; Event study analysis; GM contamination; LibertyLink Rice 601; U.S. rice exports; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C10; C32; Q11; A52.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57154

Technology Adoption and Aggregate Energy Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Harrington,   Winston; Kopp,   Raymond J.; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang.
Improved technology is often cited as a means to alter the otherwise difficult trade-off between the economic burden of regulation and environmental damage. Focusing on energy-saving technologies that mitigate the threat of climate change, we find that both energy prices and financial health influence technology adoption among a sample of industrial plants in four heavily polluting sectors. Based on a model linking technology adoption to growth in aggregate efficiency, we estimate that a doubling of energy prices, after raising the growth rate to 2.1%, would require slightly more than 50 years to generate a 50% improvement in aggregate efficiency relative to the baseline forecast.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency; Endogenous technological change; Technology adoption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O38; Q43; Q48.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10616

Technology Assessment and the National Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alt,   Klaus; Heady,   Earl O.; English,   Burton C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49294

The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A Model for Strengthening National Agricultural Research Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7645

PROJECTING THE BENEFITS OF GOLDEN RICE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zimmermann,   Roukayatou; Qaim,   Matin.
Golden Rice has been genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene in the endosperm of the grain. It could improve the vitamin A status of deficient food consumers, especially women and children in the developing world. This paper analyses the potential impacts in a Philippine context. Since the technology is still at the stage of R&amp;D, benefits are simulated within a scenario approach. The health effects are quantified using the methodology of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Golden Rice will not completely eliminate the problems of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness or increased mortality rates. So it should be seen as a complement rather than a substitute for alternative interventions. Yet, the technology will reduce related health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18753

Regional Food Clusters and Government Support for Clustering: Evidence for a ‘Dynamic Food Innovation Cluster’ in Alberta, Canada?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Ali,   Jolene.
This paper analyzes government support for networking and regional cluster growth in the food sector. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper to provide a literature review of studies on regional food clusters, focusing on key features that characterize successful regional food clusters. The review compares key characteristics of such clusters with characteristics of clusters from other industrial sectors. The insights from these studies on clustering success and the role of government are contrasted with empirical evidence on government support for clustering in the Canadian food sector, specifically in the province of Alberta. The empirical evidence is based on two small industry surveys, one conducted in March 2005, and the second in August...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Location-based clustering; Food clusters; Networks; Innovation; Government support; Alberta; Canada; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; L32; L38; O32; O38; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99705

The Social Challenge of the New Economic Era in Latin America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berry,   Albert.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50818

AN EVALUATION OF RISK ANALYSIS AS APPLIED TO AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (WITH A CASE STUDY OF GMO LABELING)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26006

Labor Cost and Technology Adoption: Least Squares Monte Carlo Method for the Case of Sugarcane Mechanization in Florida
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iwai,   Nobuyuki; Emerson,   Robert D.; Walters,   Lurleen M.
The prospect of immigration reform has renewed farmers’ concerns of serious labor shortages and cost increases, which may urge highly labor-intensive specialty crop farmers to switch to less-labor-intensive technology. The large-scale mechanization of the Florida sugarcane harvest during the 1970s/80s serves as an historical example of how technologies evolved due to changes in local labor market conditions. We analyze the dynamic decision-making process of sugarcane farmers in the relevant period using net present value (NPV) approach and real options approach (ROA) with least squares Monte Carlo (LSMC).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6479

Consumer Attitudes Toward Biotech Foods in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   William W.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Tuan,   Francis C.; Huang,   Jikun; Bai,   Junfei.
Based on a large-scale survey in 11 cities, this study employs probit and logit models to estimate the effects of various explanatory variables on the likelihood of biotech food acceptance in China.  Analyses focus on biotech soybean oil, input- and output-trait biotech rice, and livestock products fed with biotech corn.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20359

FINANCIAL AND RISK ANALYSIS OF MAIZE TECHNOLOGY IN ETHIOPIA, BASED ON CERES-MAIZE MODEL RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.
This paper presents a financial and risk analysis of improved versus traditional maize production technology in Ethiopia, based on yields simulated with the CERES-Maize crop growth model (Schulthess and Ward, 2000). The purpose is to analyze the potential performance of the SG2000/Ministry of Agriculture program technology under less favorable meteorological conditions (rainfall level and distribution), and in areas with lower agroecological potential than those covered by the SG2000/MOA program through 1998. At the time of this study, expansion of the MOA program into lower potential zones seemed likely. Results show that use of fertilizer and improved seed is highly profitable under a variety of assumptions about crop growth conditions, maize prices, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11799

Completion Report of the Asian Agricultural Research Project (Contract No. AID/ASIA-C-1456)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8439

Social Networks and Technology Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hogset,   Heidi.
This study analyzes social network effects on Kenyan smallholders' decision to adopt improved natural resource management techniques. These effects are decomposed into effects from social influence and learning through networks (strong ties), group effects, weak ties effects, informal finance, and conflicts arising from technological externalities, controlling for non-network effects.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19379

Website Usage Information for Rural-Based E-Commerce Start-Ups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rea,   Kenneth; Nwoha,   Ogbonnaya John; Kennedy,   Gary A.; Watson,   Susan.
Usage patterns for start-up agricultural and non-agricultural websites, as well as product and service oriented websites, were studied to determine differences in the number of unique visitors, usage based on the day and time of the week, total time spent on the website, and how the visitor found the website.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21478

PATENT BREADTH AS AN ENTRY DETERRENT: THE CASE OF VERTICALLY DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCT INNOVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiannaka,   Amalia; Fulton,   Murray E.
Patents provide very important incentives for innovative activity by enabling innovators to appropriate innovation rents through the granting of exclusive rights on their innovations. The limit of these exclusive rights is defined by two elements - patent length and patent breadth. Patent length is the time period during which the innovator has exclusive rights on the innovation and is predetermined by law. Patent breadth defines the technological territory claimed and protected by the patent - the area in the technological space within which competitors cannot offer rival innovations without infringing the patent - and is explicitly chosen by the innovator.  A standard assumption in the economics literature is that an innovator should always choose to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19624

Protocolos De Laboratorio - Laboratorio De Genética Molecular Aplicada Del CIMMYT
Provedor de dados: 31
Tercera Edicion
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Inmunoensayos de quimioluminiscencia; ADN; Hibridación del ADN; Marcadores moleculares; PCR; RAPD; RFLP; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F30.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56183

INCORPORATING THE STRATEGIC COMPONENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY INTO PUBLIC SECTOR RESEARCH EVALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Braunschweig,   Thomas; Janssen,   Willem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26029

A New Measure of the Producer Welfare Effects of Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.
It is well recognized that the statistical reliability of the conventional method of estimating the effects of technological change on producer welfare is often quite poor.  I present a method that enhances the statistical reliability of such estimates.  I emphasize that when measuring the welfare effects of technological change, valuable information can be gleaned from data on input prices and quantities.  This type of data is often available, but the conventional measure typically does not take full advantage of its availability.  Letting T0 be some initial level of technology and T1 be a subsequent level, the conventional measure of producer welfare change due to a technology change is the change in the “triangle” area under the price and behind the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technological change; Producer welfare; Applied welfare economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O30; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103834

Research Evaluation: Policy Interests and the State of the Art
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49067

The use of information and communication technologies in the modernization of Caribbean agriculture: Focus on agricultural extension
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ganpat,   Wayne G.; Ragbir,   Sarojini; de Freitas,   Claudette.
Bridgetown, Barbados 6th – 10th July, 2009
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Development; Extension; Information Communication Technologies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122663

Science, Technology, and Competitiveness in Alberta's Agriculture and Food Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Terrence S.; Peng,   Yanning; Fantino,   A.A.
This project addresses several issues related to efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness in Alberta's agriculture and food sector, in both its primary agricultural sector and its secondary processing industry related to food and beverages. A major underlying theme of this work is that the competitiveness and economic sustainability of Alberta's agriculture and food sector is considerably driven by long run trends in productivity. Two emerging trends in Alberta's agriculture and food sector are initially documented: the increasing role of specialty crop production and the rising importance of value added production. Productivity trends and competitiveness issues are examined for Alberta's primary agricultural production sector. Index numbers for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24058

Distribution of Gains from Research and Promotion in Multi-Stage Production Systems: Further Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chung,   Chanjin; Kaiser,   Harry M.
In this study, we examine the distributional effects of research versus consumer promotion. A few years ago, a notable article by Wohlgenant (AlAE 75, 1993) investigated this issue and concluded that producers would benefit more from research on farm-level production than from research on marketing services and promotion. His findings have drawn important policy implications for the allocation of checkoff funds, especially for those producer groups (e.g., dairy, beef, and pork) who spend a large share of their funds on consumer promotion. We challenge his conclusions. We contend that his findings are confined to a special case, the parallel shift in demand and supply. To verify our claim, we reexamined his findings with an alternative case, a pivotal...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122701

Knowledge Transfer in the Irish Food Innovation System: Industry and Researcher Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelly,   Debbie; Henchion,   Maeve M.; O'Reilly,   Paul.
The new EU Animal Health Strategy suggests a shift in emphasis away from control towards prevention and surveillance activities for the management of threats to animal health. The optimal combination of these actions will differ among diseases and depend on largely unknown and uncertain costs and benefits. This paper reports an empirical investigation of this issue for the case of Avian Influenza. The results suggest that the optimal combination of actions will be dependent on the objective of the decision maker and that conflict exists between an optimal strategy which minimises costs to the government and one which maximises producer profits or minimises negative effects on human health. From the perspective of minimising the effects on human health,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Knowledge transfer; Technology transfer; Irish food sector; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44201

THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER IMPERFECT ENFORCEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
The introduction of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is one of the most notable features of agricultural biotechnology. So are growing concerns about the widespread violation of IPRs in developing countries. This paper develops a model of heterogeneous producers to examine the economic causes of IPR infringement and its consequences for the welfare of the interest groups and the pricing and adoption of a new technology (i.e., a genetically modified seed) in the context of a small open developing economy. Enforcement of IPRs, and pricing and adoption of the new technology are modeled as a sequential game between the government that enforces the IPRs, a foreign innovating firm that prices the new technology, and the developing country's producers who make...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20584

PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH METHODS FOR TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION: A MANUAL FOR SCIENTISTS WORKING WITH FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellon,   Mauricio R.
This manual presents methods that enable agricultural scientist and farmers to evaluate technologies/practices jointly. The methods are specifically designed for participatory research on germplasm and soil fertility technologies, and they are illustrated with actual examples from three research projects. The manual begins by reviewing conceptual issues that are important in participatory research and presents information to assist researchers in selecting research sites and fieldwork participants. Next, the manual describes the rationale and associated methods for each major activity in farmer participatory research: diagnosing farmers' conditions, evaluating current and new technologies/practices, and assessing their impact. Goals, procedures,...
Tipo: Book Chapter
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23717

Implementation of subontology of Planning and control for business analysis domain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Atanasova,   Irena.
Ontologies are at the heart of the semantic web. They define the concepts and relationships that make global interoperability possible. However, as these ontologies grow in size they become more and more difficult to create, use, understand, maintain, transform and classify.  As ontologies become common in more applications and as those applications become larger and longer-lived, it is becoming increasingly common for ontologies to be developed in different area of public sector of economics. Ontologies present special challenges to the problem of conceptual modeling.  This paper describes the process of the implementation of a subontology of forecasting and evaluations for business analysis domain in order to develop an easy and correct way to find the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ontology; Forecasting; Assessment; Protege; Implementation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102493

Policy, Federalism, and Regulating Broadband Internet Access
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Following recent telecommunications mergers, local (mostly municipal and county) governments and the federal government are fighting over who should determine whether cable television systems must make their facilities available to unaffiliated providers of high-speed ("broadband") Internet service. This intergovernmental dispute is only the latest in a series of such clashes regarding competition and communications policy. A brief review of the policy suggests that substantively, local open-access requirements are not yet warranted. However, the economics of federalism, primarily that the relevant markets are local, indicates that local governments should have the right to choose these policies, perhaps erroneously. Federal preemption could prevent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Federalism; Internet; Regulation; Vertical integration; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H1; L5; L1.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10823

Military R&amp;D: the productivity puzzle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
A number of very careful econometric studies have been interpreted as showing that publicly funded research and development conducted by private firms has had little discernable impact on firm level profits or productivity. In contrast historical studies have shown that military and defense-related research development and procurement conducted by private firms has been an important source of technology development across a broad spectrum of U.S. manufacturing industries. Careful narrative analysis represents a more effective way of capturing the complementarities between military and defense-related research, development, and procurement on commercial technology development than econometric analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7379

Future Directions for ACIAR's Animal Health Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113251

IRRIGATION WATER RATE REFORM AND ENDOGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuck,   Eric C.; Green,   Gareth P.; Sunding,   David L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36463

Exclusivity of Agrifood Supply Chains: Seven Fundamental Economic Characteristics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.; Boland,   Michael A.
The IFAMR is published by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association. IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agrifood supply chains; Exclusive economic characteristics; Risk; Market power; Globalization; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Q130.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119969

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING SOCIAL WELFARE EFFECTS OF NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Douglas L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32187

Inventory and Methodology for Assessing the Impacts of Environmental Regulations in the Agricultural Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nolet,   Jean; Sauve,   Claude; Geoffroy,   Amelie; Sanchez,   Richard.
There is a growing concern about the impact and effectiveness of environmental regulations, specifically impact on the competitiveness of primary agriculture.  The objective of this report is to discuss different methodologies and assessment criteria for the evaluation of the impacts of environmental regulations in the agricultural sector; to identify the relevant environmental regulations administered at the federal, provincial and local levels; and an analytical framework to evaluate the future role of regulations and other policy instruments in achieving the desired social, environmental and economic outcomes. This study is a foundation piece for later phases of multi-year research project to develop strategic environmental policy for sustainable...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental issues; Competitiveness of primary agriculture; SMART Regulation; Agri-environmental regulations; Environmental regulatory constraints; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53770

Trends and Opportunities in Agriculture An Executive Interview with Lowell Catlett
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jose,   H. Douglas.
Agriculture will change more in the next decade than it did in the last century. Lowell Catlett is a futurist sharing his knowledge and insight on the new trends and technologies shaping the future of agriculture and how those working in this sector can take advantage of new opportunities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Communication; Opportunity; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53804

An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria Region of Uganda and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tushemereirwe,   Wilberforce K.
This research report highlights the findings from a set of studies undertaken by the International Food Policy Research Institute, along with several national and international research institutions, to assess the economic impact of improved cultivars and management practices on smallholder farmers in the Lake Victoria Region of Uganda and Tanzania— an area where the cooking banana is both economically and culturally important. Genetic transformation is a promising alternative for improving the resistance of banana plants to the pests and diseases that cause serious economic losses, because bananas, unlike rice, wheat, and maize, are difficult to improve through conventional breeding techniques. The team of researchers posed three broad questions: What is...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Genetic engineering; Economic aspects; Uganda; Tanzania; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37876

USING  CASE STUDIES AS AN APPROACH FOR CONDUCTING AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Peterson,   H. Christopher.
Many agricultural economists are not familiar with case study research, yet the approach is a useful means of collecting data, and building and testing theory.  Case study research has a prescribed set of objectives, epistemology, methodology, and methods that have been developed and tested in a wide range of scholarly and pragmatic situations.  This paper reviews these fundamentals, and then demonstrates the case study approach within the context of an agribusiness research project.  This application exemplifies how case study research is capable of generating a robust, comprehensive array of "knowledge" about complex, highly inter-dependent and dynamic social phenomena.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11545

AN AFRICAN GROWTH TRAP: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND THE TIME-CONSISTENCY OF AGRICULTURAL TAXATION, R&amp;D AND INVESTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McMillan,   Margaret S.; Masters,   William A.
Why do so many African governments consistently impose high tax rates and make little investment in productive public goods, when alternative policies could yield greater tax revenues and higher national income?  We posit and test an intertemporal political economy model in which the government sets tax and R&amp;D levels while investors respond with production.  Equilibrium policy and growth rates depend on initial cost structure.  We find that in many (but not all) African countries, low tax/high investment regimes would be time-inconsistent, primarily because production technology requires relatively large sunk costs.  For pro-growth policies to become sustainable, commitment mechanisms or new production techniques would be needed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11839

INNOVATION AND REGULATION IN THE PESTICIDE INDUSTRY: FOUR CASE STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatch,   L. Upton.
Case studies of four products - chlordane, aciflourfen, fluoridamidmefluidide, and Heliothis NPV -- will be used to examine some of the impacts of regulation on pesticide innovation. Regulatory effects will be illustrated by reviewing the R&amp;D history of particular products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13432

Web-based Information Tools and Communication and Participation Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dienel,   Hans-Liudger; Jain,   Angela; De Abreu,   Nico; Nicolaus,   Kristin; Rao,   Chelikani; Kota,   Rajesh.
The report summarizes the activities and the action-oriented research work of Pilot Project 4 (PP4) “Web-based Information Tools and Communication and Participation Strategies“. Research objectives were divided in two areas: a) communication issues, namely the development of a Project-Homepage with interactive elements (http://www.sustainable-hyderabad.in/ ) and two documentary films and b) participation issues, namely citizens participation in India as a whole and in Hyderabad in particular. PP4 aims at exploring and evaluating the applicability and appropriateness of scientifically grounded communication and participation methods for use in a megacity like Hyderabad. In the course of the Pilot Project, different research methods were applied: literature...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36944

National Innovation Systems in Horticulture in Germany and the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menrad,   Klaus; Gabriel,   Andreas.
Paper prepared for presentation at the Fifth International Symposium on Management of Technology (ISMOT’07) Hangzhou (China), ZheJiang University, 1st to 3rd June 2007
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation system; Horticulture; Netherlands; Germany; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62000

Report on a review of ACIAR-funded projects on Rhizobium during 1983–2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herridge,   David F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118338

Valuing Strategic Alliances in the Pharmaceutical/Biotechnology Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCulloch,   Kathryn; Jackson,   Randy; Ng,   Desmond W.
In an era of rapid and changing technological advances, a firm's survival and growth depends on its' ability to introduce products to the market.  Since a firm's growth and survival depends on its' ability to develop products and services over time (Penrose, 1959), the question posed by this study is what determines a firm's ability to introduce products to market?  In this study, a firm's ability to introduce product to markets are influenced by its' "absorptive capacity" to identify and internalize the resource benefits of its' alliance partners.  Such an integrated view is absent in firm level and strategic alliance studies of product development.  A conceptual model of firm product introductions is developed and empirically tested.  Results generally...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19537

Systematic Client Consultation in Development: The Case of Food Policy Research in Ghana, India, Kenya, and Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Brown,   Lynn R.; McClafferty,   Bonnie.
Successful food policy implementation is preceded by a defined policymaking process drawing from a sound information base. Yet too often the knowledge generated through food policy research does not become part of the local body of information and consequently is not used by policymakers. This leads to less than optimal food policies. This paper highlights the need for better linkages to be developed between the food research and food policymaking processes. We propose that a key component of the linkage is the integration of clients into the research process. This paper discusses the link between food policy researchers and one group of clients—food policy decision-makers. The paper first reviews the role of research and clients in the policymaking...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42619

PDA and Handheld GPS Adoption in Precision Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walton,   Jonathan C.; Larson,   James A.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.
This research analyzed the adoption of Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) devices in cotton production. Analysis using a logit model found that younger farmers who used a crop consultant, remote-sensing, variable-rate fertilizer, and reported greater yield variability had a higher probability of adopting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6839

A FORWARD LOOK AT TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   John H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1957
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17811

Integrated water resource systems:  Theory and policy implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keller,   Andrew; Keller,   Jack; Seckler,   David.
Presents the concept of integrated water resources systems (IWS) as clearly and simply as possible, with a focus on the irrigation sector-the largest and most complex user of water.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water resource management; Water policy; Irrigation efficiency; Water demand; Leaching; Water use efficiency; Water supply; Evapotranspiration; Models; Water conservation; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52730

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS, TRADE, AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nielsen,   Chantal Pohl; Thierfelder,   Karen; Robinson,   Sherman.
This paper analyzes price, production and trade consequences of changing consumer preferences regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production. The analytical framework used is an empirical global general equilibrium model, in which the entire food processing chain – from primary crops through livestock feed to processed foods – is segregated into genetically modified (GM) and non-GM lines of production. This model is used to analyze the implications of widespread use of genetically engineered crops in some regions whilst consumers in Western Europe and High- income Asia adopt a critical attitude toward GM foods. Two different representations of consumer preference changes are illustrated: (1) a change in price sensitivity:...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16287

DISCUSSION: POLICY CONSIDERATIONS OF EMERGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Joe T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29622

Spillovers, Joint Ventures and Social Welfare in a Mixed Duopoly R&amp;D Race
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naseem,   Anwar; Oehmke,   James F.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21351

Research Faculty, Entrepreneurship and Commercialization: The Case of Kansas State University
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent; Metla,   Chandra Mohan Reddy.
In this study, we assess the relationships between the demographic characteristics of researchers and their perspectives on entrepreneurship and the commercialization of their inventions, and analyze the relationship between faculty perceptions of university commercialization policies and their entrepreneurial orientation. We conclude that there is a need for effective educational programs to address each of the issues and increase awareness among faculty and researchers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6741

Social Networks as an Integration Tool in Rural Areas – Agricultural Enterprises of the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cervenkova,   Eva; Simek,   Pavel; Vogeltanzova,   Tereza; Stoces,   Michal.
Social networks have been growing at a rapid pace. Social media represent one of the most significant phenomena of today's world and are more and more integrated from the private sphere into the commercial one (e.g. into marketing where social media already play a substantial role). The present paper is aimed at introducing an initial study on the use of social media in agricultural enterprises. The study was thus targeted at agricultural enterprises – both legal entities (public limited companies, limited liability companies and last but not least cooperatives) and natural persons (farmers) that farm the total area of more than 100 hectares (a basic selection criterion of the survey). This interesting study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Social media; Social network; Facebook; Twitter; Google Buzz; Agrarian sector; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102494

PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN PROMOTING HIGH EXTERNAL-INPUT TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE SASAKAWA GLOBAL 2000 EXPERIENCE IN ETHIOPIA AND MOZAMBIQUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.
Critics argue that high external input technologies are too costly for African farmers, and that pilot programs to promote them are economically unsustainable.  This paper assesses Sasakawa-Global 2000 programs in Ethiopia and Mozambique; budgets, yield models and subsector analysis help explain the radically different country results and prognoses for sustainable adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sasakawa-Global 2000; Maize; Fertilizer; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O002; O003.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21570

INTERNET USE AND FACTORS AFFECTING ADOPTION OF INTERNET APPLICATIONS BY SUGARCANE FARM BUSINESSES IN THE KWAZULU-NATAL MIDLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferrer,   Stuart R.D.; Schroeder,   D.H.; Ortmann,   Gerald F.
Regression analysis is used to delineate significant determinants associated with the use of Internet applications by commercial sugarcane farm businesses in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. Eighty-six percent of farm businesses surveyed had Internet connections and 83 percent used Internet applications (including e-mail, on-line banking and gathering information from the World Wide Web) for business purposes.  Results indicate that significant determinants of the range of Internet applications by farm businesses include a) the period of time for which the farm business has been connected to the Internet, b) the principal farm decision-maker's education, time available to spend on the Internet and his or her perceptions of the Internet as a source of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19078

The Impact of Agricultural Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Synthesis of Symposium Findings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Crawford,   Eric W.
The Symposium on the Impact of Technology on Agricultural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa funded by AID/AFR/ARTS and AID/RD/EID under the Michigan State University Food Security Cooperative Agreements, was held in Washington, D.C., Oct. 14-16, 1992. A primary purpose of the symposium was to present evidence which would either confirm or contradict the perception that the accomplishments of TDT were insufficient to justify continued funding. A secondary objective was to consider the adequacy of available analytical tools for impact assessment. The rate of return (ROR) is the most commonly used valuative measure of investments in technology development and transfer. Examined as a group, the estimated RORs support the proposition that African...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 18.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54058

The Impact of Trade Costs on Firm Entry, Exporting, and Survival in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Sooil; Reimer,   Jeffrey J.; Gopinath,   Munisamy.
This study uses a unique firm-level dataset to examine how falling trade costs from 1993-2001 affected entry, exit, productivity, and exporting in the Korean manufacturing sector.  We verify many of the predictions of recent heterogeneous-firm models of international trade.  For example, falling trade costs reduced entry by new Korean firms, increased their probability of exit, and reduced the market share of surviving firms.  We also find that small firms had a particularly high level of dynamism over the sample period.  Small firms were more likely to enter and exit, and marginally more likely to gain market share, enter export markets for the first time, and improve their productivity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Employment; Exit; Exports; Firm deaths; Survival; Trade costs; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; D24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49185

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PEANUT RESEARCH ON POVERTY REDUCTION: RESISTANCE STRATEGIES TO CONTROL PEANUT VIRUSES IN UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moyo,   Sibusiso; Norton,   George W.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger.
Economic impacts of research that developed Rosette Virus-resistance peanut in Uganda are estimated. Changes in economic surplus are calculated and combined with household data to assess changes in poverty rates and effects on livelihoods of the poor. The poverty rate may decline up to 1.5 percent as a result of the research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20143

Uncertainty Discounting for Land-Based Carbon Sequestration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Man-Keun; McCarl,   Bruce A.
The effect of stochastic factors on soil carbon makes the quantity of carbon generated under a sequestration project uncertain. Hence, the quantity of sequestered carbon may need to be discounted to avoid liability from shortfalls. We present a potentially applicable uncertainty discount and discuss difficulties that might arise in empirical use. We insist that the variance in historical crop yields across geographical areas is used to derive a proxy variance for forming an uncertainty discount for carbon projects. Application of our approach suggests that project level uncertainty discounts would be 15–20% for the East Texas region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Discount; Uncertainty; Agribusiness; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H43; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48754

MARKET STRUCTURE AND INNOVATION INTENSITY IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Pray,   Carl E.; Brennan,   Margaret F.
Consolidations and spin-offs in the agricultural biotechnology industry and the growing links of multinational corporations with the food and feed industry have been the subject of considerable discussion among academics, policy makers, consumers, and farmers.  Most of the research by academic and  overnment institutions has focused on the reasons for consolidation.  Little theoretical or empirical research has examined the impact of this consolidation.  We adapt an endogenous growth model of industry structure and R&amp;D to agricultural biotechnology and empirically estimate the model.   These empirical estimates, the main focus of the paper, indicate that industry consolidation influences the amount and direction of research, which then feeds back to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21753

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM-LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makki,   Shiva S.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Harwood,   Joy L.
This study examines the risks associated with adoption of biotech crops and discusses their implications for risk management at the farm level. We develop an analytical risk evaluation matrix framework to illustrate changes in production and marketing risks of biotech and non-biotech crops. Price uncertainty generated by consumer concerns is the major risk facing biotech farmers, while cross-pollination with biotech crops and preservation of non-biotech status are major concerns for non-biotech farmers. Improved market infrastructure to handle biotech products and modification of the current risk management tools to accommodate new risks are essential in reducing the farm-level risks.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Marketing risks; Production risks; Risk evaluation matrix; Risk management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14683

The Livestock Revolution: A Pathway from Poverty?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Downer,   Alexander.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124005

Allocative Efficiency of Technically Inefficient Production Units
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogetoft,   Peter; Fare,   Rolf.
We discuss how to measure allocative efficiency without presuming technical efficiency. This is relevant when it is easier to introduce reallocations than improvements of technical efficiency. We compare the approach to the traditional one of assuming technical efficiency before measuring allocative efficiency. In particular, we develop necessary and sufficient conditions on the technology to ensure consistent measures and we give dual organizational interpretations of the approaches.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Allocative efficiency; Homethetic technologies; Slack consumption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24217

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS, COMMODITY MIX, AND RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abel,   Martin E.; Welsch,   Delane E.
The purpose of this paper is to show how the allocation of research resources among commodities and the effects of such allocations on the output mix depend upon (a) the initial production conditions, (b) the nature of the research production functions, (c) the nature of the demand relations for the commodity outputs, (d) relative factor endowments, and (e) the existence of different types of environmental constraints. The basic model used is a two-factor, two-product model in which certain types of technical change are introduced.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13318

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Examining Relationships Between Prices and Consumption For Selected Meat Cuts and Convenience Items Using Electronic Scanner Data, by Michael A. Hudson; Economic Impacts of Price Volatility in the Egg Industry, by Henry Kinnucan; Present and Potential Uses of Scanner-Derived Information For Managerial Decision-Making in Food Retailing, by Oral Capps Jr.; Consumer Preference for Locally Produced Fruits and Vegetables, by David B. Eastwood, Robert H. Orr, John R. Brooker; The Effectiveness of Promotional Programs for Florida Tomatoes, by Robert L. Degner; Strategic Planning by Mid-Atlantic Food Distributors, by H. Reed Muller, Ulrich C. Toensmeyer, Jarvis L. Cain; Impacts of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors on Household Expenditure for Disaggregate Fish...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27670

BELIEFS AND VALUES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hardaker,   J. Brian.
Attention is drawn to the values that are often kept hidden but condition what research agricultural economists do. It is pointed out that the economic theory, which guides most research, is not value free and that therefore the lack of debate about theory amongst Australian agricultural economists may be unhealthy. In a world with uncertainty, the research process is likened to learning, leading to a suggestion that Bayesian procedures provide a more satisfactory conceptual framework for the process of enquiry than does the conventional hypothesistesting approach. While difficulties in the practical applicability of Bayesian methods are understood, they do provide insights which permit some of the more inappropriate uses of hypothesis testing to be...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22515

Potential Economic Impacts of the Managed Haying and Grazing Provision of CRP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dickson,   Amanda; Dicks,   Michael R.
According to the Executive Order 12866, a qualitative and quantitative assessment for any Federal mandate resulting in annual expenditures of $100 million or more is required.  This study determines how many of the approximately 34.5 million acres of CRP land is brought back in economic use, how that use is allocated between grazing and haying, and the economic impact.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CRP; Land allocation; Economic impact; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46807

Internet Access and Use by Farm Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishra,   Ashok K.; Williams,   Robert P.
The Internet is a strategic technology because it has found application across virtually all sectors of the economy. The Internet has become an everyday part of rural life and is an important new technology in U.S. agriculture.  This study uses information collected through the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) to explore the adoption of computers with Internet access and Internet use by farm households. Results from this study suggest that adoption of computers with Internet access is positively related to age and educational level of the operator, off-farm business income, presence of a spouse, and regional location of the farm. Further, large farms and part-owner farms are more likely to adopt computers with Internet access. Internet...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21106

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14026

THE MEASUREMENT OF BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE IN THE MANY FACTORS CASE: U.S. AND JAPANESE AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binswanger,   Hans P.
This paper presents a way to measure factor saving biases of technical change, or more generally, of efficiency gains with more than two factors of production. The methodology is then applied to the agricultural sectors of the U.S. (1912-1968) and Japan (1893-1962).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13786

Induced Technical Change, Induced Institutional Change and Mechanism Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In this paper I review the theories of induced technical and institutional change. I discuss the sources of the demand and supply of institutional innovation. The sources of institutional innovation are illustrated by changes in land tenure relations in Philippine agriculture, by the development of institutional design principles based on studies of small scale resource management systems and by the transition from command and control to market based systems of resource management in the United States. I introduce the concept of incentive compatible mechanism and institutional design. In a final section I elaborate a pattern model that maps the relationships among changes in resource endowments, cultural endowments, technology and institutions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7050

VALUATION OF EXTERNALITIES IN WATER, FORESTS AND ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verghese,   Shalet K.; Manjunatha,   A.V.; Poornima,   K.N.; Akarsha,   B.M.; Rashmi,   N.; Tejaswi,   Pillenahalli Basavarajappa; Saikumar,   B.C.; Jeevarani,   A.K.; Accavva,   M.S.; Amjath Babu,   T.S.; Suneetha,   M.S.; Unnikrishnan,   P.M.; Deshpande,   R.S.; Nagaraj,   N.; Chandrashekar,   H.; Bhat,   Mahadev G.; Chengappa,   P.G.; Mundinamani,   S.M.; Shanmugam,   T.R.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.
Paper presented at EAAE 2008 Congress
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Externalities; Environmental services; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43617

Is Presentation Everything? Using Visual Presentation of Attributes in Discrete Choice Experiments to Measure the Relative Importance of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Beef Attributes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Umberger,   Wendy J.; Mueller,   Simone C.
A unique discrete choice experiment (DCE) is used to estimate the relative importance of quality attributes to Australian beef consumers. In the DCE, consumers choose their preferred beef steaks from options varying in a large number of intrinsic (marbling and fat trim) and extrinsic/credence (brand, health, forage, meat standards/quality, and production and process claims) attributes. This study is the only known DCE to present these attributes to consumers visually – in a manner that more realistically simulates the retail choice scenario for beef and allows us to evaluate the relative importance of attributes that consumers use both consciously and unconsciously when making product choices. Respondents’ beef choices were analyzed using a latent class...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiment; Visual attribute presentation; Willingness to pay; Beef; Extrinsic attributes; Food labeling; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61856

A Methodology for Measuring Potential Benefits from Drought-Oriented Research in Nebraska
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leholm,   Arlen G.; Supalla,   Raymond J.; Vollmar,   Glen.
The growth in agricultural productivity and significance of science and technology in contributing to this growth has been well documented by Bredahl, Cline, Evenson (1967), Griliches (1964), and Peterson. The results of these studies generally indicate that over the past several decades, investment in agricultural research has paid off with relatively high rates of return. Most of this previous work, however, has been directed at estimating returns to aggregate agricultural research in an ex post sense at the national level and does not address the question of potential future returns to research at a state or regional level (Norton). Thus, a particular need exists to develop a methodology for evaluating the potential returns to specific types of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49073

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE ON A COMPETITIVE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perrin,   Richard K.
This study analytically evaluates the impact of technological change on output and input markets in a competitive industry of identical firms. Firm-level technology and technological change are represented parametrically as local approximations to unknown functional forms. The comparative statics analysis solved for changes in equilibrium market prices and quantities as functions of parameters that characterized technological change. The technology-induced shift-weighted induced change input prices. The model provides a consistent and systematic framework for evaluating the impact of technological change, either ex ante or ex post.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30850

VERTICAL COORDINATION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN THE BRAZILIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nogueira,   Antonio C.L.
This document contains the PowerPoint presentation given by the authors at the 2002 WCC-72 meetings, regarding vertical coordination and knowledge transfer in Brazilian poultry industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16622

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC RESOURCE POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16484

Global agriculture R&amp;D and the changing aid architecture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53211

Assessing the Relationship Between Property Rights and Technology Adoption in Smallholder Agriculture: A Review of Issues and Empirical Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Place,   Frank; Swallow,   Brent M.
Studies of the relationships between property rights and technology adoption are complicated in several respects. First, there are challenges involved in defining and measuring property rights and tenure security. Second, there are several different valid purposes for undertaking such studies and each purpose may require a different approach. Third, there are a number of difficult theoretical and empirical issues involved in such studies, particularly in defining technology, identifying key dimensions of property rights, and accounting for the endogeneous determination of property rights.   Through a synthesis and evaluation of previous studies, this paper identifies key issues and develops guidelines for conducting research on the relationships between...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55438

The Economics of Inaction on Climate Change: A Sensitivity Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Finlayson,   Ian J.
Economic models of climate change often take the problem seriously, but paradoxically conclude that the optimal policy is to do almost nothing about it. We explore this paradox as seen in the widely used DICE model. Three aspects of that model, involving the discount rate, the assumed benefits of moderate warming, and the treatment of the latest climate science, are sufficient to explain the timidity of the model's optimal policy recommendation. With modifications to those three points, DICE shows that the optimal policy is a much higher and rapidly rising marginal carbon price; that higher carbon price has a greater effect on physical measures of climate impacts. Our modifications exhibit nonlinear interactions; at least at low discount rates, there is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37277

HAWAII PUBLIC OPINION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferguson,   Carol; Chan-Halbrendt,   Catherine; Wen,   Na.
This article studied Hawaii public opinion on agricultural products and processes using GMO technology. We used telephone to interview the people in each island of Hawaii. We found out that the favorability rating toward the attributes of GMO technological application differ based on the nature of GMO benefits. And sociodemographic variables played a significant difference in the preference of using GMO technology on producing agricultural products and process. Most significant associations were gender and island of residence. Age, education and ethnic background significantly also influenced the attitude of respondents toward some of GMO attributes. The fewest significant associations were heard of GMO and income.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36535

TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND TECHNICAL CHANGE IN THE U.S. NORTHEAST FARM REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gempesaw,   Conrado M., II; Dunn,   James W.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29052

Do Technology Shocks Shift Output? An Empirical Analysis of a Two Factor Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ulku,   Hulya.
This study identifies the effect of technology shocks on aggregate output using confirmatory factor analysis employed by Griliches, Hall and Pakes (1991). The analysis is based on the assumptions that there are two distinct shocks in an economy, demand and technology shocks, and that the patent data contain additional information on technology shocks. The findings show that, while the patent and R&amp;D data do not contain significant information on technology shocks in the full sample of OECD countries, they do have significant information on these shocks in the G13 countries. The results suggest that, in the G13 countries technology shocks can explain almost all of the unexpected changes in patent stock, half of those in R&amp;D stock and a quarter of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology shocks; Innovation; R&amp;D; Patents; Output; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30547

THE NEED FOR THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29828

NAREA Awards
Provedor de dados: 31
NAREA Outstanding Master's Thesis Award, NAREA Master's Thesis Award of Merit, NAREA Distinguished Member Awards, NAREA Award for Outstanding Public Service Through Economics, and NAREA's Journal Article of the Year for 2008
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55555

Assessing design options for a Nutrient Trading System using an integrated model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lock,   Kelly; Kerr,   Suzi; Cox,   Tim; Rutherford,   Kit.
Water quality in many New Zealand waterways is currently declining leading to lakes and rivers being closed for contact recreation such as swimming and potentially threatening our clean, green image. Much of this decline is associated with an increase in the nutrient loss from agriculture in the surrounding catchment. Nutrient trading systems are being considered in a number of catchments across the county to restrict the nutrient loss entering the waterways and thus improve the water quality. Such a system is currently being implemented in Lake Taupo and Environment Bay of Plenty is exploring actively the use of such a system to manage nutrient loss in the Lake Rotorua catchment. Yet the design of such systems is challenging. In a collaborative effort...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96443

CYCLICAL CONCENTRATION AND CONSOLIDATION IN BIOTECH R&amp;D: A NEO-SCHUMPETERIAN MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Raper,   Kellie Curry; Hightower,   Amie L.
Over the past fifteen years, the agricultural biotechnology industry has exhibited cyclical behavior in concentration and consolidation.  This paper provides a theoretical model of endogenous R&amp;D, in which industry concentration exhibits cyclical behavior.  The model also generates additional testable hypotheses, and policy implications.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11812

AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE: A LITERATURE SEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walsh,   Marie E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14076

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE POLICY: CHANGING GLOBAL AGENDAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Taylor,   Michael J.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16588

MEDIA COVERAGE OF AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY: DID THE BUTTERFLY HAVE AN EFFECT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marks,   Leonie A.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Allison,   Kevin; Zakharova,   Ludmila.
This study examines media coverage of genetically modified (GM) crops in a risk communication framework. Content analysis is employed to investigate how specific environmental, food safety, and landmark events, such as the monarch butterfly and Pusztai controversies, and the cloning of Dolly-the-sheep, were reported by the media. Media coverage is from United Kingdom and United States newspapers over the period 1990 through 2001. On balance, findings show that the UK press has been more negative than the U.S. press in its coverage of GM crops.  In addition, environmental and food safety events had a significant impact on the level and cycle of GM crop coverage.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Content analysis; Environment; GM crops; GMOs; Media coverage; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14674

EDUCATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERS: A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Roseboom,   Johannes.
The number of higher-education institutions and the students enrolled in them has grown rapidly throughout Africa since the early 1960s. The number of universities increased from less than 20 in 1960 to nearly 160 by 1996; student numbers grew from 119,000 to almost two million over the same period, yet enrollment ratios in Africa continue to lag well behind developed and other-developing country norms. Funding for higher-education in Africa kept pace with the expanding institutional base during the 1960s and 1970s, but has fallen well behind the growth in student numbers since 1980. The pattern of the development of the agricultural sciences has matched the general pattern of development of the higher-education sector. Three quarters of the countries in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: University education; Agriculture; R&amp;D; Human capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Africa.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16046

GIS as spatial decision support system
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halbich,   Cestmir; Vostrovsky,   Vaclav.
This paper describes the possibility of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a means to support decision making in solving spatial problems. Spatial problems accompany every human activity, of which agriculture is no exception. The solutions to these problems requires the application of available knowledge in the relevant decision-making processes. GISs integrate hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. Coupled with GISs, geography helps to better understand and apply geographic knowledge to a host of global problems (unemployment, environmental pollution, the loss of arable land, epidemics etc.). The result may be a geographical approach represents a new way...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Knowledge; Semi-structural spatial decision problem; Spatial decision support system; Geographic Information System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109739

Labelling Issues of Organic and GM Foods in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie).
Growth in the demand for organic foods has been phenomenal in the past decade both in Australia and overseas because organic production is seen to be beneficial to both human health and the environment.  In general, organic products commend a price premium over conventional products.  Since organic attributes cannot be verified easily and there is no control over the use of the word 'organic' in the Australian market, the organic label has been subject to abuse.  Over ten years, the Australian organic industry has called for a domestic regulation, claiming that any incidence of consumer deception and product misrepresentation can result in the loss of consumer confidence and sales, and more importantly, hinder future industry growth.  However, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic foods; GM foods; Food labelling.; Agribusiness; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12934

Subcontracting principles of interaction between enterprises of different sizes at a regional level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krasavin,   Eugeny.
This paper reviews peculiarities of interaction between enterprises of different sizes at a regional level in Russia on the basis of subcontracting. It defines basic conditions and organizational forms of such interaction related with circumstances of regional economic development. The paper also presents a comparison of American and Japanese subcontracting models considering possibility of borrowing certain specific features for the Russian conditions. It lists stable structures of interaction between small- and large-sized enterprises considering possibility of changing roles in integration schemes. On example of the Nizhny Novgorod region specializing in machine-building and metalworking, the most important peculiarities and perspective lines of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Subcontracting; Enterprises of different sizes; Small business; Subcontracting models; Regional interaction problems of sectors of different sizes; Roles of large and small enterprises in interaction.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R10; R11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94578

FUNDAMENTAL AND INDUCED BIASES IN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CENTRAL CANADIAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Klein,   Kurt K.; Kerr,   William A.
A new procedure is developed to estimate innovation possibility frontiers and test for biases in technological change.  Using data on four inputs (land, machinery, chemicals and labour) from central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) over the period 1926-1985, we find that the innovations possibilities frontier shifts neutrally over time.  This is consistent with Ahmad's model of induced innovations, but is not consistent with de Janvry's application of Ahmad's model to the historical development of Argentine agriculture.  Agricultural research in Canada has been conducted with  the objective of developing cost minimizing technologies.  Empirical support was found for this notion in the development of the innovation possibilities frontier.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation possibility frontier; Technological change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25874

2nd Forum on Irrigation and water for sustainable development: 15 –16 December, 2008 Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Erkossa,   Teklu; Balcha,   Yodit.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Irrigation management; Irrigation water; Irrigated farming; Irrigation systems; Supplemental irrigation; Land management; Land use; Investment; Case studies; Government policy; Rural poverty; Groundwater; Small scale systems; Socioeconomic development; Economic aspects; Economic growth; Income; Water management; Water resources development; Water harvesting; Water supply; Public policy; Agricultural production; Developing countries; Public-private cooperation; History; Case studies; River basins; Crop production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118411

THE ORGANIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE FEDERAL - STATE RESEARCH SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.; Fitzharris,   Joseph C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13957

TWO APPROACHES TO MEASURING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF STARLINK CORN ON U.S. PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew; Moss,   Charles B.
The discovery of StarLink corn in U.S. food products caused considerable disruption in the corn markets in 2000 and 2001.  We estimated two models on the impact of StarLink corn over the 2000/2001 marketing year.  In the first model, to segregate the U.S. corn market, identity preservation costs (IP costs) were imposed on the U.S. grain handling system to deal with both domestic and export sales of food corn and export sales of non food corn to Japan.  In the second model, structural changes in corn demand were taken into account.  Without taking into account Loan Deficiency Payment Program (LDP) payments, significant costs were incurred by producers as a result of StarLink.  However, the effectively reduced the loss in revenue that would have been caused...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20306

A NOTE ON THE SOCIAL RETURNS TO PRIVATE R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13918

Agriculture and The Challenge to Reduce Poverty in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazaro,   Evelyne A.; Makindara,   Jeremia R.
The three East African (EA) countries Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda have a population of about 95 million people and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 34.2 billion. In recent years efforts has been made among the three East African countries, towards forging economic and regional co-operation by establishing the East African Community (EAC). The premise for economic and regional co-operation has been underpinned for the need for a common market and boost regional trade. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to achieve one of the international development objectives of increasing growth to 7% a year that is required to reduce income poverty. One of the challenges that East African countries need to tackle in the face of globalisation is the ability to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52104

ROLE OF ECONOMICS AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlicek,   Joseph, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29914

CREATING, PROTECTING, AND USING CROP BIOTECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE IN AN ERA OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Koo,   Bonwoo; Nottenburg,   Carol.
Proponents tout the positive incentive-to-innovate effects of intellectual property rights (IPRs), while others maintain that the expanding subject matter and geographical extent of IPRs are stifling crop research, especially research and development (R&amp;D) dealing with developing-country crop concerns.  Much of this debate relies on anecdotes and misleading or incomplete evidence on the extent and nature of the IPRs pertaining to crop technologies, including the jurisdictional extent of the property rights and their practice.  In this paper we review the evidence on the scope of agricultural R&amp;D worldwide, provide new data on the structure of crop-related IPRs, and summarize trends on the uptake of proprietary bioengineered crops.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Plant patents; Utility patents; Plant breeders' rights; Crop varieties; Public and private agricultural R&amp;D; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13600

COST ASPECTS OF AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Roseboom,   Johannes; Beintema,   Nienke M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie.
Spending per scientist declined precipitously within African agricultural R&amp;D agencies over the past several decades. In 1991, average cost per researcher across 147 R&amp;D agencies was $119,300 in 1985 international dollars–or US$59,500 when measured in United States rather than international dollars—34 percent below the corresponding 1961 figure. This trend reflects the rapid growth in numbers of scientific staff compared with the slow growth in funds to support them. Comparatively low, and often shrinking, real salaries per scientist are a factor too. African scientists were paid an average of US$5,000 in 1991 (or roughly US$7,500 with fringe benefits included), while comparable average salaries for academic staff working in large public...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16055

Optimal Patentability Requirements with Fragmented Property Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Denicolo,   Vincenzo; Halmenschlager,   Christine.
We study the effect of the fragmentation of intellectual property rights on optimal patent design. The major finding is that when several complementary innovative components must be assembled to operate a new technology, the patentability requirements should be stronger than in the case of stand-alone innovation. This reduces the fragmentation of intellectual property, which is socially costly. However, to preserve the incentives to innovate, if a patent is granted the strength of protection should be generally higher than in the stand-alone case.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; Fragmentation; Patent Requirements; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O34.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98051

Sustainable growth rate in the strategic analysis of brewery industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daszynska-Zygadlo,   Karolina; Slonski,   Tomasz.
An analysis of sustainable growth rate could considerably improve an assessment of Strategic Business Unit’s potential. The sustainable growth rate analysis enabled us to compare a possible growth rate within the brewery industry with a growth rate that firms had achieved. To demonstrate this in more depth, we presented a case study of the brewery industry in Poland and Czech Republic.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Growth; Strategic analysis; Seer industry; Corporate growth; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96858

Market and Welfare Effects of Trade Disruptions from Unapproved Biotech Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Magnier,   Alexandre; Konduru,   Srinivasa; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
Genetically modified (GM) crops have been largely adopted in major exporting countries thereby representing a dominant share of a few key agricultural commodities that are traded in international markets. Regulatory reviews and approvals for the cultivation and marketing of GM crops, however, are country-specific and significant discrepancies in the amount of time required to review and approve new GM crops between importing and exporting countries has led to “asynchronous approvals”. Trade disruptions created by asynchronous approvals of GM crops are expected and can quickly deteriorate into effective trade bans because perfect segregation between approved and unapproved GM crops is difficult. The issues we examine in this paper are the potential market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49592

Learning About a New Technology: Pineapple In Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conley,   Timothy G.; Udry,   Christopher R.
This paper investigates the role of social learning in the diffusion of a new agricultural technology in a developing country: Ghana. We use unique data on farmers’ communication patterns to define each individual’s information neighborhood, the set of others from whom he might learn. Our empirical strategy is to test whether farmers change their input decisions to align with those of their neighbors who were successful in previous periods. We present evidence that farmers adopt successful neighbors’ practices, conditional on many potentially confounding factors including the physical proximity of plots, credit arrangements, clan membership, and soil characteristics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Technology; Innovation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 031; 012; 013.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28400

Farmer Perception of Technology and its Impact on Technology Uptake: The Case of Fodder Legume in Central Kenya Highlands.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sinja,   Judith; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Baltenweck,   Isabelle; Waithaka,   Michael M.; Miano,   M.D.; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Romney,   D.
Technology adoption by farmers is crucial to increasing agricultural productivity hence meeting food and nutrition challenges in Africa.  Economists investigating consumer demand have accumulated considerable evidence showing that consumers generally have subjective preferences for product attributes. However, when investigating adoption of new agricultural technologies, economists have lagged behind in analysing how farmers' (the consumer of agricultural technologies) subjective perceptions of technology characteristics affect their adoption decisions. Focusing on farmer perceptions of technologies may provide a better understanding of technology adoption since they deal with the technologies and probably perceive technologies differently from researchers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9543

Linking Diversity to Organizational Effectiveness: Lessons from a culture study at CIAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amariles,   Fabiola; Peralta,   Gustavo; Johnson,   Nancy L.
This Brief describes a ‘culture study’ carried out to explore how different staff groups perceive the culture of an international research centre and how the management of staff diversity issues affects the work environment and organizational performance. The perceptions of various staff groups were analysed in relation to five aspects of organizational culture: institutional climate; global competitiveness; empowerment and group motivation; work–life balance; and equity in gender and diversity. The study identified what staff believed to be the key strengths and weaknesses in the organization’s culture and detected four strategic areas for improvement: internal organizational communications; re-design of job positions and responsibilities; multi-cultural...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Culture; Performance; Gender; CGIAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52521

Asset approach to IT cost management in industrial companies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazantcev,   Anatoly; Andreeva,   Margarita.
The article introduces the authors’ estimation method for measuring the current level of information technologies in companies by four aspects (hardware, software, IT services, and telecommunication equipment) using the proposed original indicators. On the example of 50 sample Russian industrial companies the authors have built and tested an econometric model, which allows to measure how IT costs are affected by such factors as: the current level of IT development, net profit value, number of employees, general wages, salaries of IT specialists, percentage of qualified workers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: IT management; IT development; IT cost management; Industrial companies.; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94593

AGRIBUSINESS AND THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS PROFESSION: RESEARCH AGENDAS IN AGRIBUSINESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Litzenberg,   Kerry K.
This paper presents a summary of work by various groups on the potential for agribusiness research by agricultural economists over the past decade. Methodology to establish research priorities in agribusiness are reviewed. This review leads to a consideration of the agribusiness research issues including: funding sources, identifying users of agribusiness research, data needs, and limitations of agribusiness research programs. The final part of the paper presents a potpourri of suggested research initiatives in agribusiness research for agricultural economists. Research in these areas may be difficult for a number of reasons including: decreased reliance on economic theory as the sole paradigm, providing competitive advantage to a single agribusiness firm...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30382

A Methodological Framework to Design and Assess Food Traceability Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bendaoud,   Mhamed; Lecomte,   Catherine; Yannou,   Bernard.
The International Food and Agribusiness Management Review is published quarterly by IFAMA. www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Food tracing; Food safety; Performance system; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; L66; Q.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120861

Lessons on Evaluation of Rural Development Research-Extension Programs Based on the Title V Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Madden,   J. Patrick.
The organizers of this symposium invited me to address the topic of evaluation as related to rural development and/or small farms. I will discuss evaluation of a small but important aspect of the former and disregard the latter. Specifically, I will not discuss the area of small farms. Rather, I will simply refer to a forthcoming report which evaluates the state of past research on small farms and proposes an agenda for future research (Madden, et al, 1980). I will however, discuss the evaluation of a specific type of rural development research-extension program conducted by the land-grant university system, namely, Title V of the Rural Development Act of 1972. Beyond the scope of this paper is the recent USDA evaluation of cooperative research, including...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49070

Giving Chance to Indigenous Knowledge In Developing Sustainable Nutrition Improvement Interventions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kondwani,   Charles Nanchukwa.
A study was conducted in Nsanje district in Malawi to find out the potential of locally available resources in coming up with sustainable nutrition interventions. 60% of malnourished children had their nutrition states improved within twelve days of feeding on locally available foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52213

Computer Use and Internet Use by Members of Rural Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson-James,   Margaret.
The share of rural and small town individuals with a computer at home increased from 14 percent in 1989 to 23 percent in 1994. The largest increase was for individuals with at least high school graduation and for individuals in households with total income above $40,000.  In 1989, 12 percent of rural and small town residents used a computer at work. This increased to 17 percent in 1994. However, 40 percent of rural and small town individuals were impacted by the introduction of computers at work. Two-thirds noted that computers caused an increase in skill level needed to do their job. In 1997, at least one individual in 29 percent of rural households had used computer communications at least once (from any location). In 10 percent of rural households, one...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28051

Winners and Losers: Formula versus Competitive Funding of Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Norton,   George W.; Traxler,   Greg; Frisvold,   George B.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94367

BUILDING AND MAINTAINING A WEBSITE ON-LOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.
Participation in an international study program provides students with invaluable exposure to another culture and a multitude of academic and life experiences. Rapid advances in communication technologies now make it possible for students to share these experiences with their support network at home as they occur. The responsibility of doing so by means of a web page built on-location 1) motivates students to increase their awareness of, and participation in, their surroundings, 2) changes how students view their surroundings and activities in which they participate, 3) increases content learning, 4) extends the number of people involved in the international study program, and 5) results in a professional written and visual documentary. Faculty involved in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36055

Current Contribution of Four Biotechnologies to New Zealand's Primary Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaye-Blake,   William; Saunders,   Caroline M.; Emanuelsson,   Martin.
Over the last several decades, changes to production technologies have significantly increased output from the primary sector. The contribution of improved genetics has been variously estimated, and the impacts of genetic engineering have received much attention. The present research estimated the economic impact of four modern biotechnologies (other than genetic engineering) on the primary sector. Information from interviews with key informants was incorporated into a cost-benefit analysis to estimate these impacts. The net contribution was estimated at $266 million per year, with impacts spread unevenly through the sector and across biotechnologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cost-benefit analysis; Marker assisted selection; New Zealand; Primary production; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25411

THE ECONOMICS OF BIOSAFETY: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maredia,   Mywish K.
There is a growing body of literature on the safe use of biotechnology and the need for an international biosafety protocol and national regulations to facilitate the safe development and transfer of biotechnology.  Most of these studies, however, address the issue of biosafety from a scientific, legal, environmental and organizational perspective.  The purpose of this paper is to add to this discussion by providing an economic perspective on regulating products of agricultural biotechnology, with special emphasis on implications for developing countries who are under increasing pressure to put a biosafety framework in place. The paper provides a brief discussion on the economic rationale for biosafety regulations, explains the economic benefits and costs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Economic aspects; Developing countries; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11768

Watershed Management for Water Quality Improvement: the role of agricultural research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Willett,   Ian R.; Porter,   K.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118379

Policy Space for Mexican Maize: Protecting Agro-biodiversity by Promoting Rural Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Timothy A.
Since the introduction of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, traditional maize farmers in Mexico have faced difficult economic conditions. In barely more than a decade, as many as one million farmers may have abandoned their land under economic pressure from rising imports, low prices for maize and other traditional crops, weak local and regional demand, and large reductions in public sector support for agriculture. The losses are environmental as well as economic. With the loss of traditional maize, there has been a documented loss of the agricultural biodiversity of which these farmers and their ancestors have been stewards for centuries. With maize trade scheduled to be fully liberalized under NAFTA in 2008, many farm groups are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37278

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS: SOME LESSONS FROM THE PILOT TISSUE-CULTURE (TC) BANANA PRODUCTION PROMOTION PROJECT IN KENYA, 1997-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mbogoh,   Stephen G.; Wambugu,   Florence M.; Wakhusama,   Sam.
This article is based on a socio-economic impact study of the introduction and adoption of tissue-culture (tc) technology in banana production in Kenya. It attempts to demonstrate that a prudent introduction and promotion of a new biotechnological innovation in farming can make a positive contribution to the socio-economic status of resource poor farmers in a developing country, such as Kenya. Adoption of tc technology in banana production in Kenya is considered a good example of biotechnological applications in agriculture. Hence the article hopes to make a contribution to recent debates at international levels as to whether biotechnology can make a difference in uplifting the living standards of people in the third world (Qaim, 1999; Graff, et al 2002;...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology and Tissue-Culture (tc) Banana; Adoption; Socio-economic Impact; Rural Development; Third World; Kenya.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25929

Adoption of Improved Maize and Common Bean Varieties in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopes,   Helder.
Household adoption of new agricultural technologies, including improved maize and bean varieties in Mozambique, is still relatively low. As a result, the average maize and common bean production remains low. This study identifies factors that are associated with households’ adoption of improved maize and bean varieties, using Trabalho de Inquérito Agrícola (TIA) 2007 data and the probit model to estimate the likelihood of household adoption of improved varieties of maize and common beans at both the national and regional levels. At the national level, the results indicate that household head’s education, access to extension services and credit are associated with the household’s adoption decision. However, association membership is negatively associated...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97838

TECHNOLOGY, POLICIES, AND THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE GLOBAL POULTRY REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Narrod,   Clare A.
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001.  The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University.  Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products.  The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost?  What will be the flow-on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14567

Pesticide Reduction Sustainability of Bt Technology in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Qaim,   Matin.
The primary focus of the study is the changes that occurred in the pesticide-use structure of cotton production sector of India, owing to the diffusion of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) technology. Studies from different countries show that transgenic Bt crops can reduce chemical pesticide use with positive economic, environmental, and health effects. However, most of these studies build on cross-section survey data, so that longer term effects are uncertain. Bt resistance and secondary pest outbreaks may potentially reduce or eliminate the benefits over time, especially in developing countries where refuge strategies are often not implemented. Here, data from a unique panel survey of cotton farmers, conducted in India between 2002 and 2008, show that the Bt...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114696

Resource scarcity gradients in the post-Green Revolution Indo-Gangetic Plains: Implications for agricultural technology use and supply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erenstein,   Olaf.
The Green Revolution converted the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) into South Asia’s cereal basket. The recent slow down in cereal productivity growth and continuing poverty in the IGP pose a major challenge to agricultural research and development. To address this challenge it merits revisiting the resource scarcities that farmers actually face across the vast IGP. The paper uses a rapid primary data collection effort through village surveys in 12 clusters along an agro-ecological gradient in the Indian IGP to complement secondary data. The results show marked gradients in factor ratios and factor prices in the Indian IGP. Labor:land factor ratios and price ratios alone can thereby be misleading as they fail to capture the increasingly important role of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Relative factor scarcity; Spatial gradients; R&amp;D implications; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51569

Sistemas de Innovación Piscícola en la Amazonia Boliviana:  Efectos de la Interacción Social y de las Capacidades  de Absorción de los Pequeños Agricultores
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Camacho,   Vicente Eguez; Monge,   Mario; Ramos,   Luis Ampuero.
La innovación es de suma importancia para el desarrollo productivo en la agricultura Boliviana, por tratarse de un sector caracterizado por bajos niveles de innovación en cuanto a la incorporación de nueva tecnología y conocimiento en los procesos de producción, transformación y comercialización. Esta situación se presenta a pesar de la realización de esfuerzos continuos de investigación y transferencia de tecnología para los productores de escasos recursos por parte de entidades de gobierno y centros de investigación, impulsados por programas de apoyo de la cooperación internacional. Una hipótesis para explicar por qué no hay mayores niveles de innovación en la agricultura boliviana es que el conocimiento y la tecnología, proporcionados a través de las...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovación; Redes de innovación; Analisys de redes sociales; Adopción; Capacidad de absorción; Piscicultura; Transferencia de tecnología; Amazonía; Bolivia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42407

2008 PRECISION AGRICULTURAL SERVICES DEALERSHIP SURVEY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whipker,   Linda D.; Akridge,   Jay T.
Precision technologies are now well-integrated into the agricultural industry – both at the farm level and at the crop input dealer level.  No longer are crop input dealers only using the technologies to bring new services to their customers, they are also utilizing the technology in their own businesses to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations.  In early 2008, Crop Life magazine and Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business conducted a survey for the 13th consecutive year to assess the adoption of precision agriculture practices in the U.S. from the perspective of the retail crop input dealer.  The questionnaire was mailed to 2500 retail crop input dealerships across the U.S.  A total of 298 questionnaires were...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Geographic information systems (GIS); Crop input dealer; Variable rate application; Site-specific agriculture; Technology adoption.; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; O30; L84.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46427

Enriching Impact Assessment at CIMMYT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: La Rovere,   Roberto; Dixon,   John; Hellin,   Jonathan.
The International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) is a CGIAR centre with a long tradition of impact assessment (IA). Until recently, such work had focused on the rates of adoption of improved germplasm and returns on investment. Limited attention was directed at measuring impacts in terms of livelihood security or poverty reduction. In 2005, therefore, CIMMYT's Impacts Targeting and Assessment Unit (ITAU) began to develop and promote more wide-ranging types of IA. In order to enhance its IA culture and institutionalize IA within the Center, ITAU organized a series of workshops that brought together different players amongst CIMMYT's staff and partners. Coupled with follow-up activities, these have made it possible for social and biophysical...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Impact; Assessment; CIMMYT; ILAC; CGIAR; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52528

Smallholder marketed surplus and input use under transactions costs: maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arega,   D.A.; Manyong,   Victor M.; Omanya,   G.; Mignouna,   H.D.; Bokanga,   M.; Odhiambo,   George D.
This paper assessed the effects of transactions costs—relative to price and non-price factors—on smallholder marketed surplus and input use in Kenya. A selectivity model was used that accounts not only for the effects of fixed and variable transactions costs but also for the role of assets, technology, and support services in promoting input use and generating a marketable surplus. Output supply and input demand responses to changes in transactions costs and price and non-price factors were estimated and decomposed into market entry and intensity. The results showed that while transactions costs indeed have significant negative effects on market participation, cost-mitigating innovations—such as group marketing—are also emerging to mitigate the costs of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Marketed surplus; Fertilizer use; Transactions cost; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52074

The Agricultural Knowledge Production Function: An Empirical Look
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.
Economic analysis of the process of technical change has often involved macro-level studies of its causes and consequences. Relatively little attention has been given to the, more fundamental knowledge generation process itself. This stems in large part from the real difficulties of obtaining appropriate indicators of research output. The view that there exists a systematic relationship between research expenditures and knowledge increments has been taken up by numerous authors including Evenson (1968), Minasian (1969), Pakes (1978), Gri1iches (1979), and Kamien and Schwartz (1982). It follows naturally from the perception that, in general, science progresses by a sequence of marginal improvements rather than a series of discrete and essentially sporadic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50022

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFER, AND INDUCED TECHNICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13461

A MARKET FOR GENETICALLY CODED INFORMATION AS AN EFFICIENT EXCHANGE MECHANISM FOR GENETIC RESOURCES? SOME CONCEPTUAL CONSIDERATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Virchow,   Detlef.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26023

Establishment of a Novel Agricultural Science and Technology Service System in Beijing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Junhong; Zhou,   Liandi.
Guiding ideology and objective of new agricultural science and technology service system in Beijing City are introduced based on the development status of agricultural science and technology service system in Beijing. Then, the six components of new agricultural science and technology service system in Beijing City are analyzed, which are government department system, public welfare extension agency system for agricultural technology, agrotechnical extension agent system at village level, scientific research institution system, peasants economic cooperative organization system, and agriculture-related enterprise system. And the three transmission routes of agricultural science and technology service are also put forward, such as public welfare service...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Beijing; China; A novel science and technology service; System construction; Extension organization; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55903

CONSUMER RESPONSE TO GMO FOODS: BRANDING VERSUS GOVERNMENT CERTIFICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Gregory A.; Mazzocco,   Michael A.
The debate over the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMO's) has varied greatly in intensity. In Europe, the debate has been vigorous and European consumers have, in general, been extremely skeptical of the  technology and unwilling to assume the risks associated with GMOs. Many retailers in Europe have promised that they will not sell food products that contain GMOs. In the U.S., consumer reaction to GMOs has been more muted. While some surveys have shown that a majority of Americans support the use of biotechnology, others have found that many Americans have reservations about the technology. Most of the research published to date has focused on consumer opinions regarding GMOs. Relatively little research has focused on understanding the basis of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16614

Regenerating the Green Revolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conway,   Gordon.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123926

Bioenergy ownership and investment models for rural America
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crooks,   Anthony C.; Baarda,   James R.; Chesnick,   David.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48719

COMMODITY R&amp;D, PATENTING, AND PROMOTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Padilla,   Luis.
There is considerable evidence of high returns to public investments in agricultural R&amp;D, but because intellectual property in agriculture is considered a public good, little R&amp;D investment by growers themselves.  This study investigates the potential for growers to increase commodity sales through product research, development, patenting and promotion in a dynamic commodity-market model. Theoretical hypotheses derived from the solution to this model are tested in an empirical example from Washington apples. Estimation results show that, despite significant spillovers to research and promotion expenditure, growers can improve the effectiveness of generic commodity promotion by funding R&amp;D programs as well.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20497

FARMER RESEARCH AND EXTENSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knox,   Anna; Lilja,   Nina K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16562

Technology Adoption against Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram.
This paper explores the issue of technology adoption in agriculture that is specifically targeted against invasive species.  The analysis involves predicting the long term distribution of technology choices when technology can be adopted and dis-adopted based upon current and expected agricultural profits which are influenced by the state of pest infestation.  The impact of adaptive learning on adoption of technology is analyzed in the setting of complacency set in from a reduction in risks or compulsion to adopt technology from reduced profitability in event of non-adoption.  Possibility of eradication of the disease based upon long term adoption of technology is also explored.  The theoretical analysis confirms the intuition that psychological factors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21174

Tarnishing Silver Bullets: Bt Technology Adoption, Bounded Rationality and the Outbreak of Secondary Pest Infestations in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Just,   David R.; Wang,   Shenghui; Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per.
As with other technologies, adoption of Bt seed requires technology specific knowledge. Growing secondary pest populations have slowly eroded the benefits of Bt technology in China. We illustrate the effects of introducing Bt technology among farmers with an imperfect knowledge of secondary pest problems using a simple dynamic model. The stochastic dominance tests based on primary household data from 1999-2001 and 2004 in China provide strong evidence that secondary pests, if unanticipated, could completely erode all benefits from Bt cotton cultivation. Our empirical tests also suggest that planting refuge concurrent with Bt adoption provides for the sustainable development of Bt technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21230

Technology Adoption in French Agriculture and the Role of Financial Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blancard,   Stephane; Boussemart,   Jean-Philippe; Briec,   W.; Kerstens,   Kristiaan.
Successive CAP reforms have increased the exposure of European agriculture to market forces. As a result, farmers have become preoccupied with their competitiveness and have progressively adopted best practices. However, these long-run technological adjustments could be slowed down by eventual shortrun financial constraints. This contribution measures the role of these financial constraints on the catching-up component of total factor productivity for a panel of French farmers in Nord-Pas-de-Calais region during 1994-2001. For TFP estimates based on non-parametric distance functions, the second stage econometric results indicate that the technological adaptation is significantly conditioned by financial constraints.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: TFP catching-up; Distance function; Financial constraints; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44160

The Impact of Technical Change in Agriculture on Human Fertility: District-level Evidence From India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosti,   Stephen A.; Witcover,   Julie; Lipton,   Michael.
foster development, both of which were expected to create "breathing space" for achieving demographic transitions in developing countries through lowered human fertility. Little comprehensive research, however, has been done on the effects of those technologies themselves on human fertility -- leaving unanswered the question of whether particular types of agricultural technologies were actually increasing, or decreasing, this demographic "breathing space." This paper uses District-level data from rural India on agricultural change (from 1961 to 1981) and changes in human fertility (from 1971 to 1981) to assess the impact of the former on the latter, with particular emphasis on high yielding (HYV) Green Revolution technologies. Modifying a conceptual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42823

Innovation in EU Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jankowski,   Emanuel.
The CAP reform and decoupling offer new opportunities to farmers to react to market signals. Therefore farmers have higher incentives to introduce innovative approaches, responding to emerging market needs, in terms of new products, markets, processes (including more environmentally- friendly ones) and forms of cooperation (stronger links with food chains). This is why the role of research must be strongly supported.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6565

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CAMPANIA REGION WINE BUSINESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Annunziata,   Azzurra; Misso,   Rosa; Vecchio,   Riccardo.
Paper Presented at INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED WORKSHOP ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRI-PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT (AWICTSAE 2008), May 22-23 2008, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wine; ICT; Webmarketing; Campania Region; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37674

Integration of Agricultural Information Resources in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhou,   Lei; Wen,   Shuping.
The essence and significance of integrating agricultural information resources in western China were summarized. The integration methods were introduced from the following four aspects: agricultural information infrastructure, database, collaborative management and service application. The integration technologies were discussed, the core of which lies in integrating distributed application via software and realizing the trans-departmental and trans-system exchange and share of information through controlling information. Based on the introduction of several frequently-used intelligence terminals, the approaches of realizing the transmission of agricultural information resources in western China were analyzed. And the integration measures were put forward...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Western China; Agricultural information resources; Integration; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54033

The Contribution of the Grape and Wine Industry to Idaho’s Economy: Agribusiness and Tourism Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   John C.; Woodall,   Stacie; Wandschneider,   Philip R.; Taylor,   R. Garth.
The impact of Idaho’s wine and grape industry was assessed as an agribusiness and as a tourist industry. Idaho’s grape and wine industry is in its infancy, with wine sales of $15 million from 15 wineries and growers cultivating about 1,000 acres, primarily in southwestern Idaho’s Canyon County. Synthesized output multipliers for wine tourism were virtually identical to the agribusiness output multipliers (1.86 and 2.10 for Canyon County and the state of Idaho, respectively). The wine and grape industry’s agribusiness impact is $15 million in sales and 120 jobs in Idaho, and $23 million and 140 jobs for Canyon County. In contrast, tourism expenditures stimulate other businesses in addition to the agribusiness linkages of grape and wine production. Thus,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Idaho; Impact analysis; Input/output models; Tourism; Wine; Wine agribusiness; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62287

POLICY, NATIONAL REGULATION AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR GM FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16478

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ARE WE READY? DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15350

Some useful methods for measuring the benefits of social science research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kilpatrick,   Henry E., Jr.
What are the “returns” to policy-oriented research in the social sciences? One presumes that the positive net benefits to society, or at least a certain segment of society, would be treated as returns, but how does one determine what these benefits are? Clearly benefits to some social science research are available because society continued to fund it, albeit at different levels in different locations and times. This paper cannot fully answer the questions of what it is we seek to measure in any empirical sense, although it will discuss this issue. The returns in the marketplace for social science research are those that exist in the eye of the customer who bears the cost of the research. This paper's primary goal is to offer the client some ways of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48290

DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF GM CROPS FOR AFRICA: THE CASE OF BT MAIZE IN KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Odhiambo,   Benjamin; Bergvinson,   David; Mugo,   Stephen; De Groote,   Hugo.
Empirical evidence from research on Bt maize in Kenya puts to rest most concerns raised against GMOs (not responding to farmers' needs, expensive, benefiting agro-business, risk of decreased biodiversity), but does indicate that contamination of local varieties is likely and buildup of insect resistance possible, requiring careful monitoring and evaluation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GMO; Maize; Kenya; Risk; Environment; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19918

Improved Water Supply in the Ghanaian Volta Basin: Who Uses it and Who Participates in Community Decision-Making?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engel,   Stefanie; Iskandarani,   Maria; Useche,   Pilar.
We examine access to, use of, and participation in decisions on improved water supply in the Volta basin of Ghana, one of the first countries to introduce a community-based approach to rural water supply on a large scale. While 71 percent of the households interviewed have access to improved water, 43 percent of these continue to use unsafe sources as their main domestic water source. Our results indicate that quality perceptions and opportunity costs play an important role in households’ choice of water source. The effect of prices and income levels on this choice differs according to the pricing system used. Given that supply characteristics such as the location and pricing system affect household decisions to use the improved source, households may try...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water safety; Water use; Community participation; Community-based resource management; Water resource allocation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59243

INTERNATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL R&amp;D SPILLOVERS: ATTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS AMONG SOURCES FOR BRAZIL'S NEW CROP VARIETIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Vosti,   Stephen A.
In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&amp;D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence.  Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil.  Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output.  If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&amp;D spending, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&amp;D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14017

A COMPARISON OF PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING RETURNS TO RESEARCH USING PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.
The production function approach has been one of the two main ex-post procedures used to estimate the rate of return to agricultural research. A critical part of estimating the marginal internal rate of return (MIRR) is the procedure adopted to spread the benefits of research through time. Past studies using this approach have given only brief consideration to this computational procedure. The objective in this study was to review the different computational procedures used and, then, using cross-section production function estimates for U.S. agriculture, determine whether the MIRR estimates are sensitive to the computational procedure used. The results from this comparison indicate a large range in the estimates. The implication, then, is that careful...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22632

Research: Are We Valuing the Right Stuff?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brorsen,   B. Wade.
The incentives researchers face depend directly upon what we as a profession value. The impacts of research can be either disciplinary by adding to economic knowledge or real world by being useful to economic agents. Various measures of research impact such as publications, citations, and external funding are discussed, and the strengths and weaknesses of each measure are evaluated. Because of the difficulty of accurately measuring research impact, we must depend on internal incentives to motivate researchers to select topics with the most potential impact.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Incentives; Methodology; Research impact; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50079

NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES OF THE U.S. CONFECTIONERY MANUFACTURERS: 2006 SURVEY PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spaulding,   Aslihan D.
This paper reports on the new product development practices of the U.S. confectionery manufacturers. A mail survey method was used to collect data. Confectionery manufacturers, specifically, new product development managers listed in the Thomas Food and Beverage Marketplace were contacted. A donation to charity on behalf of the respondents was used as an incentive to participate in the study. Analyses of the data, including graphical, descriptive, cross-tabulation, and correlation were conducted using SAS and SPSS econometric softwares and Microsoft Excel. Preliminary findings of the survey are reported in this paper.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21413

ACIAR ECONOMIC IMPACT MODEL FOR USE IN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT (EX-ANTE) AND COMPLETED PROJECT (OR EX-POST) EVALUATIONS: A USER’S MANUAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lubulwa,   Godfrey; McMeniman,   Susan.
This paper discusses the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Economic Impact Model which can be used in ex-ante and ex-post evaluations of projects. The model is a traded good model which estimates changes in producer and consumer surplus as a result of a supply or demand shift. It is written in Microsoft® Excel 97 and uses Visual Basic macros. The model is part of the Impact Assessment Program’s long term aim of developing systematic user-friendly approaches for the evaluation of agricultural research projects. It includes modules to allow the user with the required data to estimate cost savings for each one of the following situations: • Supply shift for an annual crop • Supply shift for a perennial crop • Supply shift for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123832

Evaluating the Research Benefits for Traded Commodities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Geoff W.
A great deal of attention has been devoted in the last two decades to assessing the economic consequences of agricultural research. The biotechnology revolution (see, for example, Hueth and Just, 1986; Kalter and Tauer, 1986) may provide a further stimulus to study of the size and distribution of the benefits and costs of research. The present paper is in two parts. The first part outlines the approach used by Edwards and Freebairn [1981, 1984] to study the benefits from cost-reducing research. The approach is a simple, partial equilibrium one, but it incorporates the tradeabi1ity of commodities and the fact that research may reduce costs in the country of primary concern and/or in the rest of the world. Some results obtained with this approach are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50025

Une approche stratégique pour la planification du programme de recherche agricole en Afrique sub-saharienne
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Oehmke,   James F.; Shaffer,   James D.; Staatz,   John M.
Des études récentes ont montré que la recherche agricole en Afrique peut avoir une rentabilité élevée, mais son impact dépend de l'adaptabilité des nouvelles technologies aux capacités et aux besoins changeants du secteur agricole et du reste de l'économie. Les politiques d'ajustement structurel (ex : la libéralisation des marchés et la dévaluation monétaire) et les changements politiques sont en train de transformer la demande de nouvelles technologies et l'environnement économique au sein duquel ces technologies doivent opérer. Le défi est de concevoir la recherche agricole comme un intrant stratégique qui encourage une croissance économique à base élargie, la transformation structurelle de l'économie et la sécurité alimentaire dans des économies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008-June 2009: 11; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54701

Grain Research Funding in Australia: Lessons from International Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Bolek,   Katarzyna.
The Australian grain research system has undergone a profound transformation over the past 25 years. This began with the creation of Grains Research Development Corporation, which gave producers a voice within a national research system. In the second phase of development, the GRDC tendered for the development of three for profit public corporations (AGT, HRZ and InterGrain) that would invest revenues from endpoint royalties (EPRs) to fund wheat breeding. This new funding for breeding allowed the GRDC to move upstream to focus on pre-breeding research efforts. As of 2012, these breeding firms had each acquired a multinational private partner and had collectively reached the point where end point royalties were sufficient to cover breeding costs. While this...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Toll goods; R&amp;D funding models; Research levies; Seed pricing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124176

Intellectual Property Rights and Entry into a Foreign Market: FDI vs. Joint Ventures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leahy,   Dermot; Naghavi,   Alireza.
We study the effect of the intellectual property rights (IPR) regime of a host country (South) on a multinational's decision between serving a market via greenfield foreign direct investment to avoid the exposure of its technology or entering a joint venture (JV) with a local firm, which allows R&amp;D spillovers under imperfect IPRs. JV is the equilibrium market structure when R&amp;D intensity is moderate and IPRs strong. The South can gain from increased IPR protection by encouraging a JV, whereas policies to limit foreign ownership in a JV gain importance in technology intensive industries as complementary policies to strong IPRs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12089

Rating the Web Sites of Land Grant Universities and State Departments of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.
For at least ten years, educational and government organizations have used the Internet to communicate with their respective clienteles. Land grant universities, departments of agricultural economics, and state departments of agriculture have launched web sites to achieve various communication goals, including, among others: to disseminate research results, to generate positive publicity among various constituencies, to promote agricultural activities, and to recruit employees. This report is the result of an effort to systematically evaluate, rate, and comment on the web sites of land grant universities, departments of agricultural economics, and state departments of agriculture. A panel of reviewers rated the web sites of these organizations. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land grant universities; Departments of agricultural economics; State departments of agriculture; Web sites; Web pages; Web design; Internet; E-commerce; Electronic communication; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q000; Q100; Q160; Q190.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19426

Stochastic biases in technical change in South African agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balcombe,   Kelvin George; Bailey,   Alastair; Morrison,   Jamie; Rapsomanikis,   George; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper examines biased technical change in South African agriculture using a system of share equations with unobserved components. Developing on the work of Lambert and Shonkwiler (1995), this paper generalises previous work by introducing independent unobserved components into each model using a regression-based approach. We find evidence of stochastic technical change, which is itself biased between the four factors of production: machinery, land, labour and fertiliser, and which closely reflects distinct phases of South African agricultural policy and development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54211

GESTIÓN DE LA INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA EN PYMES AGROINDUSTRIALES CHIHUAHUENSES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aranda Gutiérrez,   Heriberto; Rebolledo,   Jose Luis Solleiro; Ibarra,   Rosario Castanon; Henneberry,   David.
This research, which was made within the category of a multiple case study, has as an objective to contribute to the understanding of the processes that explain the Management of Technological Innovation (MTI) in small and medium enterprises (SME's) with low investment in research and development (R&amp;D), analyzing the internal and external variables that set out the process. Methodological approaches and susceptible concepts to be used were examined.An instrument that allowed the evaluation and learning of the variables details from MTI in SME`s from the lacto industrial area and from the national capital that have had outstanding efforts ending up in specific products that have been introduced into the market. The main innovations, management functions...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation management; Technological development; Study case; Gestión de la innovación; Desarrollo tecnológico; Casos de estudio; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45847

IMPACT EVALUATION: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF POLICY-ORIENTED SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15899

THE ROLE OF CURRENT CUSTOMERS FOR RADICAL PRODUCT INNOVATION IN SMALL-FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verhees,   Frans J.H.M.; Meulenberg,   Matthew T.G.; Pennings,   Joost M.E.
The market orientation of small-firms is questioned as a driver of radical product innovation. This study proposes a model to test whether radical product innovation in small-firms is truly market-oriented or customer-led.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20088

Stainability of Cultivated Land in Henan Province Based on Ecological Footprint
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Ying-chao.
This paper summarizes the regional situation of Henan Province of China, and introduces the principle of ecological footprint mode, as well as computing formulas of ecological footprint and ecological capacity. According to the related data of Henan Province from 1998 to 2007, this paper firstly calculates the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological capacity of Henan Province. Result indicates that cultivated land in Henan Province shows ecological surplus with sustainable land use. And ecological surplus has increased since the year 2003. Secondly, dynamic analysis of ecological footprint of arable land is carried out in Henan Province. Thirdly, this paper also studies on the per capita ecological demand and supply in 18 districts and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological footprint; Cultivated land; Sustainable utilization; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53591

LEARNING FOR THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ticha,   Ivana.
With sustained use and creation of knowledge in the centre of the economic development process, an economy essentially becomes a Knowledge Economy. A Knowledge Economy (KE) is one that utilizes knowledge as the key engine of economic growth. It is an economy where knowledge is acquired, created, disseminated and used effectively to enhance economic development.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Knowledge society; Knowledge economy index; Innovation systems; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43573

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tandon,   Geetanjali; Sonka,   Steven T.
This paper reports on a specific project, employing new technological capabilities to better transfer expert knowledge. The specific project considered for the paper is the World Initiative for Soy in Human Health (WISHH), a Multi Organization Enterprise promoting the use of soy and soy products in humanitarian and development aid around the world. VisIT, which stands for Visualization of Information Technology, is a potentially powerful organizational tool. It is compared against the traditional technology in the WISHH setting. An evaluation experiment was conducted with undergraduate students enrolled in agriculture and consumer economics and management courses in January and February 2002. The paper provides the summary results of the effectiveness of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16615

AGGREGATE DEMAND AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES: A MACRO-ECONOMIC MODEL OF INDUCED INNOVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben-Zion,   Uri; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13685

Institutional arrangements for land drainage in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freisem,   Claudia; Scheumann,   Waltina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drainage; Infrastructure; Irrigable land; Farmer participation; Financing; Land reclamation; Flood control; Irrigated farming; Social aspects; Economic aspects; Environment; Case studies; Operations; Maintenance; Waterlogging; Salinity; Productivity; Food security; Institutional constraints; Communal irrigation systems; Water users' associations; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92776

FROM THE GREEN TO THE GENE REVOLUTION: A 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGE   (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borlaug,   Norman E.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32849

Agricultural Biotechnology Risks and Economic Development: A Call for a Public-Private Partnerships to Stimulate Investments into African Biotechnology Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Sonali; Christy,   Ralph D.
What makes or breaks the decision for an MNC to enter an emerging market beyond incentives for profit-maximization? What role exists for public-private partnerships as a mechanism for value capture in agricultural biotechnology investments into uncertain markets? The objective of the paper is to provide the necessary theoretical framework by which future research may empirically assess the discounted value and probability of R&amp;D investments into the African agricultural biotechnology sector. A partnership model lies at the foundation for creating marketing channels between industries with high fixed costs and high social utility value. Stimulating intellectual and scientific investments in agricultural biotechnology are contingent on prioritization of...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121113

THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INNOVATION IN SHEEP BREEDING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Csatari,   Gabor Bence.
During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Sheep breeding; Innovation; Recovery calculation; Sheep kefir; Sheep milk production; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91119

National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Capacity in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cohen,   Joel I.; Komen,   John; Zepeda,   Jose Falck.
Adequate public research capacity is key to the appropriate development of biotechnology, including genetically modified (GM) crops. While commercial crops can be introduced without intensive local research (i.e. insect resistant GM cotton), introducing products of public research depend on indigenous capacity. This paper defines capacity for agricultural biotechnology research and then provides national funding levels for such work in six developing countries. As one indicator of capacity and outputs, GM crops developed from public research in developing countries are documented, and attention given to issues remaining for capacity, research and development. Knowledge of investments in public biotechnology improves policy decisions, clarifies roles of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Research Capacity; GMO; Biosafety; Investments; Funding.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O38; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23790

The Allocation of Advertising and Research Dollars in the Florida Orange Juice Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.; Spreen,   Thomas H.
This study considers the allocation of Florida citrus-grower money between advertising and research programs to maximize grower revenue net of program costs. The allocation depends on the impact of advertising on demand and the impacts of research on the cost of production and supply. A number of studies have estimated the impact of advertising on OJ demand, but little is known about the impact of research. Research on citrus greening, a disease that has no known cure, is examined in the present study. There are no past studies to reliably gauge the impact of this research. The approach taken here is to ask if a given amount of research dollars is needed to reduce average production costs by certain amount, then what should be spent on advertising based on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59191

AGRICULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH - PAST CONTRIBUTIONS AND FUTURE POTENTIALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Aubrey J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17890

THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Townsend,   Rod C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32916

ARE US CONSUMERS TOLERANT OF GM FOODS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Many countries require labeling for GM food products.  These countries often have different levels of genetic modification that they will tolerate before a food product must be labeled as genetically modified.  For example, the European Union and Australia allow up to one percent of any ingredient in a food product to be GM before the product must be labeled as genetically modified.  Japan allows 5% of any ingredient to be genetically modified before the product must be labeled as such.   The United States currently does not require mandatory labeling of GM labeled foods and has no standards for what percentage of an ingredient in a food product can be genetically modified for the product to still be labeled non-GM.  For the official "organic"...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19889

Modernisation in Agriculture: What Makes a Farmer Adopt an Innovation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diederen,   Paul; van Meijl,   Hans; Wolters,   Arjan.
This paper addresses the question which factors influence a farmer in deciding to adopt an innovation. We differentiate between innovations that are new to the farmer, but already well established in the sector, innovations that are early in their process of diffusion, and innovations that are new to the farmer's sector. We use an ordered probit approach to relate adoption behaviour to variables that capture characteristics of the farm (labour and financial resources and market position), of the business environment of the farm (type of production and market, degree of regulation) and of the farmer (access to information, capabilities, preferences). We use data on 865 Dutch farms and find that innovation adoption is positively related to labour resources,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24864

PART-TIME EXECUTIVE PROGRAMME, QUALITY MANUAL
Provedor de dados: 31
An MBA course with an international perspective, designed for those who wish to develop their careers in an agri-business environment. Taught at weekends on a part-time basis, by an international team using both the Local and English language. An interactive teaching style with extensive use of case studies that gives a real feel of the business environment in which we all operate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: MBA; Quality Assurance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43584

Integrated research, education and extension projects with children (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saltos,   Etta.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60362

A Game Theoretic Approach to Analyse Cooperation between Rural Households in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerichhausen,   M.; Berkhout,   Ezra D.; Hamers,   H.J.M; Manyong,   Victor M.
To improve the livelihood of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much attention has been paid to the development of new agricultural technologies. We hypothesize that farmers can also improve their livelihood through cooperation. Partial cooperation, in which knowledge is shared or bargaining power improved, is relatively common in SSA, while cooperation where all resources are fully shared, which we address, has rarely been investigated. An important pre-requisite to establish such cooperation, is the need for a fair division rule for the gains of the cooperation. This paper combines linear programming and cooperative game theory to model the effects of cooperation of (individual) households on income and farm plans. Linear programming establishes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperations; Linear Programming; Nigeria; Livelihood; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52146

The Private Sector in Agricultural R&amp;D: Policies and Institutions to Foster its Growth in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naseem,   Anwar; Omamo,   Steven Were; Spielman,   David J.
New technologies are critical to enhancing agricultural productivity and reducing poverty in many developing countries. While public-sector investment in research has historically driven technological change in agriculture, recent trends suggest that the public sector’s role may not be as significant in the future. There is much optimism about the private sector’s capacity to deliver new technologies, even though current levels of private investment in research in developing countries remain low. This paper examines the determinants of private investment in agricultural research and development in developing countries, the market and institutional constraints that limit private investment growth, and the incentive mechanisms that can strengthen private...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research and development; Private sector; Agricultural productivity; Research and development; Poverty reduction; Investments; Biotechnology; Food policy; Agricultural research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58582

Building an evaluative culture for effective evaluation and results management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayne,   John.
A weak evaluative culture undermines many attempts at building an effective evaluation and results management regime. This brief outlines practical actions that an organization can take to build and support an evaluative culture, where information on performance is deliberately sought in order to learn how to better manage and deliver programmes and services. Such an organization values empirical evidence on the results it is seeking to achieve.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Culture; Evaluative; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52530

THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICIES AND REGULATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   John; Johanson,   A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25992

Genetically Engineered Animals and FDA Regulation (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matheson,   John.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33317

STRATEGIES OF VALUE PROPOSITION ON THE INTERNET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doltgalski, Tymoteusz.
The paper presents strategies of value proposition on the Internet. Author has distinguished and described strategies of efficiency, free values, complete customer solutions, unique values and value co-creation. These strategies are different from traditional strategies of value proposition, which refer values for customers to the level of price.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Value proposition; Values for customer; Internet; E-commerce; Online environment; Value offerings; Value co-creation; Mass customization; Freemium; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92340

Agricultural Science and Technology during Ming and Qing Dynasties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tan,   Liming.
This paper summarizes the development of agricultural science and technology during Ming and Qing Dynasties from the aspects of agricultural production tools, farming techniques of crop cultivation, and technology of irrigation and water conservancy.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ming and Qing Dynasties; Agricultural science; Technology; China; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53601

Consumer Acceptance of Biotechnology: Lessons From the rbST Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldrich,   Lorna M.; Blisard,   Noel.
The controversial introduction of rbST, a laboratory version of bST, a growth hormone that stimulates milk production in cows, may provide hopeful lessons for other foods produced by biotechnology. Milk sales remained steady after rbST became available to dairy farmers, even though a multitude of public opinion surveys documented widespread concern about food safety and biotechnology, and some analysts predicted a drop in milk consumption of up to 20 percent. The undiminished consumer demand for milk may indicate that consumers will also accept other animal food products from biotechnology. The rbST experience suggests that, while scientific evidence of food safety will not prevent controversy over biotech foods, controversy will not necessarily inhibit...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33663

Preparation of an Inventory of Research Work Undertaken in Agricultural/Rural Sector in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyoro,   James K.; Ariga,   Joshua.
The objective of this study is therefore to take stock or review the existing body of knowledge, distill the main policy issues and findings, and to identify the analytical gaps. The findings and lessons from research will feed into the ongoing debates and policy formulation, and the identified knowledge gaps will help formulate the immediate and long term agricultural policy research agenda. The World Bank will use the results from this inventory to formulate its economic and sector work (ESW) in the rural sector to underpin its policy dialogue and lending program in Kenya. The inventory and the identified gaps will also assist the government in identifying policy research areas to support the implementation of the SRA. The inventory shall have a broad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Agricultural/Rural Sector; Kenya; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55161

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Hsin-Yi; Chern,   Wen S.
Results from an Ohio survey indicate that respondents are willing to pay a premium, ranging from 5% for non-GM vegetable oil to 28% for non-GM salmon. Estimated consumer willingness to pay for non-GM foods varies among demographic groups with female, those aged between 35 and 60, and non-White respondents willing to pay a higher premium than others.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19758

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AS A FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (EVALUATION OF A PILOT PROJECT ON CORN TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Menz,   Kenneth M.; Neumeyer,   Catherine F.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the Corn Technology Assessment project from the viewpoint of its being a pilot project of the broader-type of commodity-specific technology assessment. More specifically, the discussion will center on : a definition of TA; objectives of the TA; delineation of production systems (by commodity or by technology); a framework of analysis; and the process of identifying specific technologies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13312

EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
The green revolution in developing countries magnified concern about the efficient allocation of agricultural research resources and the distributional consequences of alternative research resource allocation and technology design strategies. These concerns are being increasingly reflected in the planning, management and research activities of the international agricultural research centres. In this paper a description is given of how economists at one centre contributed their expertise to the ex ante analysis of some key issues in this complex milieu, such as the determination of research goals and priorities, the small-large farm dichotomy or nexus, income distribution and employment effects, human nutritional considerations and farmer risk attitudes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22437

DYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS OF PATENTING FOR CROP GENETIC RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Wright,   Brian D.
"October 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Plant breeding -- Technological innovations; Plant genetic engineering -- Economic aspects; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97507

REAL OPTIONS ANALYSIS FOR INVESTMENT IN ORGANIC WHEAT AND BARLEY PRODUCTION IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA USING PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehmke,   Mariah D.; Golub,   Alla A.; Harbor,   Anetra L.; Boehlje,   Michael.
Real options theory is employed to measure the value of investing in organic wheat production using precision agriculture technology.  Results reveal that an option to wait until market uncertainty is resolved is valuable.  Information obtained via precision agriculture technology is also valuable to producers seeking organic certification.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic wheat production; Real options theory; Precision agriculture technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20346

Regional policy networks: IFPRI's experience with decentralization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
IFPRI, traditionally a centralized development organization, is now embracing networks as one institutional strategy to achieve “regional decentralization.” Since 1999 IFPRI has developed and operated two formal regional networks, in East Africa and South Asia, and additional regional networks have been envisioned for Southern Africa and Central America. IFPRI is also decentralizing some of its work on a bilateral basis within individual countries without reliance on regional networks. This paper conceptualizes, maps out, and assesses IFPRI’s various decentralization initiatives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56135

Maintaining Access to Modern Science to Serve the Poor: A Case Study with Rice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Ken S.
Modern biology is generating revolutionary advances in genetic knowledge and our capacity to change the genetic make up of crops and livestock. Much of this new science is proprietary, owned both by the private sector and increasingly by advanced public sector researchers, leading to a concern by many, and expressed by Serageldin (past chair of the CGIAR): that the progressive monopolization of knowledge – and the increasing marginalization of most of the world’s population – is skewing the new science to the benefits of the rich and excluding the poor. The poor of the world deserve the best that science has to offer. Consequently, national and international public sectors in the developing world will have to play a key role, in accessing proprietary tools...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123936

TECHNICAL CHANGE, FACTOR BIAS, AND INPUT ADJUSTMENTS: PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zelek,   Charles; Shively,   Gerald E.
We estimate a random effects stochastic frontier production function to study the impacts of irrigation on factor use on low-income rice farms in the Philippines. Irrigation precipitates a release of labor and an increase in use of fertilizer and pesticides. We find only weak statistical support for time-variant input elasticities. We study the dynamics of input adjustment by measuring the extent to which observed factor levels converge to optimal levels over time.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20651

Innovation in the Yass Valley: A Pilot Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Western,   John S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9137

Adoption and Profitability of Breeding Technologies on United States Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanal,   Aditya R.; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.
Adoption decisions and profitability of advanced breeding technologies are analyzed for U.S. dairy farms. The bivariate probit with selection model is used. Results show that specialized, younger, more educated farmers with longer planning horizons are more likely to adopt the technologies, with positive impacts on profitability and negative influences on cost of production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Breeding technologies; Dairy; Profitability; Bivariate probit; Selection; Artificial insemination; Sexed semen; Embryo transfer; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98574

GETTING FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH APPLIED IN THE 1970'S: THE TRADE ASSOCIATION ROLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pherson,   Vernon W.
Procedures and Methodology are the Keys to Research Application.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26711

PERSPECTIVES ON ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hardaker,   J. Brian; Anderson,   Jock R.; Dillon,   John L.
While the role of technical change in agriculture is seen differently by protagonists of different theories of development, the processes of technology generation and uptake are widely seen as progressive. In this vein, agricultural technology assessment is seen as contributing to research policy and management and also to the formulation, monitoring and evaluation of broader rural development policies and programs. A need for both farm-level and aggregate-level assessments is identified, and methods applied at each level are reviewed. At the farm level, some insights are provided by the farming systems research approach leading to recognition of a changed role for economists in farm-level impact assessment. At the aggregate level, the problems of tracing...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22436

Price-Induced Technical Progress in 80 years of U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino.
This paper presents a theory of technical progress that interprets the price-induced conjecture of Hicks. It provides also an exhaustive set of comparative statics conditions that constitute the scaffolding for an empirical test of the theory. A crucial assumption is that entrepreneurs make decisions about techniques on the basis of expected information about prices and quantities. Another assumption is that these decisions are made in order to fulfill a profitability objective. The novelty of our approach is that expected relative prices enter the production function as shifter of the technology frontier. The consequence of this assumption is an expansion of the traditional Shephard lemma that is useful for identifying the portion of input quantities that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11943

Modernisation in Agriculture: What Makes a Farmer Adopt an Innovation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diederen,   Paul; van Meijl,   Hans; Wolters,   Arjan.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15751

L’impact socio-économique du VIH/SIDA sur les familles rurales ET SUR l’éducation des jeunes AU CAMEROUN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nkendah,   Robert.
Au Cameroun comme dans beaucoup d’autres pays en Afrique subsaharienne, les recherches sur le VIH/SIDA se sont confinées dans les zones urbaines et ignorant en quelque sorte les zones rurales. C’est ainsi que ses liens avec l’agriculture et le développement rural n’ont reçu que peu d’attention en raison, dit-on, du manque des données et de la faible prévalence de la maladie dans les zones rurales par rapport aux zones urbaines. Pourtant, les liens réciproques entre la pandémie du VIH/SIDA et le développement rural est aujourd’hui reconnu par tous. La communauté internationale, y compris le Cameroun, cherche à mesurer l’impact de cette maladie sur la population rurale dont les jeunes occupent souvent une place importante. La présente communication vise à...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52130

Externalities of groundwater contamination due to pollution and effects on human and animal health in Karnataka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varuni,   C.N.; Chandrakanth,   Mysore G.; Nagaraj,   N.; Srikanthmurthy,   P.S.
In this study, negative externality due to distillery pollution on agriculture in Kabini command in Nanjanagudu taluk, Mysore District is estimated. The spent wash let in lagoons enables settling heavy metals to infiltrate soils, gradually affecting soil and health. The distillery opened during 1985 and farmers apparently began experiencing the negative externalities due to pollution from 1995. The groundwater extracted for irrigation was the first victim of distillery pollution rendering it unfit even for irrigation purposes. Paddy, sugarcane, Banana, Jowar, Mulberry, Coconut, Ragi are the major crops being grown in this command area. For this study, all the 35 distillery pollution affected farmers in the Distillery Dffluent Polluted Villages (DEPA,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sand mining; Externality; Groundwater depletion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43622

THE SOURCE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Sources of heterogeneity within the process of R&amp;D investment, such as international differences in the maximum per-period rate of investment and level of regulatory uncertainty, offer a plausible explanation for US comparative advantage in biotechnology. Using dynamic stochastic simulation, the results presented in this paper suggest US biotechnology firms may initiate more R&amp;D projects, innovate earlier and more rapidly, persevere longer in the face of mounting R&amp;D costs, and successfully complete more R&amp;D projects than European firms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Biotechnology; Real options; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21508

Household Goals and Technology Adoption of Smallholders in Eastern Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parton,   Kevin A.
The farm-household system of smallholders in semi-arid eastern Kenya is described. This is followed by a review of the extent of adoption of a set of new practices. A lexicographic utility framework is then developed to analyse the interaction between household goals and technology adoption. The results highlight the importance of closely considering goals of individual farmers when designing technologies and disseminating information on new practices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9589

CONTROVERSY ABOUT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY: LESSONS FROM THE GREEN REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The development and introduction of transgenically modified organisms to enhance crop and animal production has generated considerable controversy about potential food safety and environmental impacts. The introduction in tropical Latin America and Asia of high yielding varieties of wheat, maize and rice beginning in the late 1960s was also controversial. Critics argued that the new technology was biased against the poor-would make the rich richer and the poor poorer. In this paper I review the equity and productivity impacts of the "green revolution" technology and draw several inferences about evaluation the effects of the new biotechnologies in agricultural production.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13885

Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the larger share of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the issues of labeling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations, and a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity preservation; Intellectual property rights; R&amp;D; Transgenic crops; Welfare evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18413

Collaborative Agreements: A ‘how to’ guide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henson-Apollonio,   Victoria.
Partnerships can be an extremely effective way to harness additional skills and resources and minimize costs. Collaboration allows scientists (and other partners) to access a broad range of expertise and fosters a multi-disciplinary approach, both of which are often required when tackling complex research issues. However, it may be difficult to make the most of collaborative agreements, since different partners may have different objectives and approaches and misunderstandings can occur.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Partnership; Collaboration; Agreements; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52514

Development and Forecast of Semitropical Silk Industry in Guangxi Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qu,   Dacai; Song,   Guirong; Li,   Jun; Lan,   Shusi; Lu,   Shoukun.
We introduce the current status and advantages of the development of silk industry in Guangxi Province of China. We also analyze the tremendous achievements of Guangxi silk industry. Finally, this paper forecasts the future of semitropical silk industry in Guangxi Province, and puts forward the related countermeasures on how to realize the sustainable development.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Silk industry; Forecast; Semitropics; Sustainable development; China; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53529

Serbia: A new process for waste rubber and plastic recycling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vorkapic,   Rade; Ocic,   Ozren; Kurcubic,   Larisa; Jovanovic,   Biljana.
This paper intends to describe a new technological process for waste rubber and plastic recycling up to the commercial components in safe environmental friendly way. Researches and all relevant technical-technological data related to this process are checked at constructed pilot plant. The future construction of these units for waste rubber and plastic recycling will allow interested parties to achieve the environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Process innovation; Waste rubber and plastic recycling; Eco-innovation; Financially profitable.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q53; Q55.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94731

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON DAIRY FARMS IN THE NETHERLANDS AND ISRAEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Asseldonk,   Marcel A.P.M.; Huirne,   Ruud B.M.; Dijkhuizen,   Aalt A.; Tomaszewski,   Michael A.; Gelb,   Ehud M.
Effects of a number of information technology applications were quantified empirically which were implemented on Dutch and Israeli dairy farms. Data comprised annual farm performances from 1987 to 1996, and included both adopters and nonadopters as well as farm results before and after adoption. Significant effects were estimated, making a differentiation between the different technologies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Information technology; Panel analysis; Dairy farming; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20993

Crop Yield Skewness under the Law of Minimum Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
A large empirical literature exists seeking to identify crop yield distributions. Consensus has not yet formed. This is in part because of data aggregation problems but also in part because no satisfactory motivation has been forwarded in favor of any distribution, including the normal. This article explores the foundations of crop yield distributions for the Law of the Minimum, or weakest-link, resource constraint technology. It is shown that heterogeneity in resource availabilities can increase expected yield. The role of stochastic dependence is studied for the technology. With independent, identical, uniform resource availability distributions the yield skew is positive, whereas it is negative whenever the distributions are normal. Simulations show how...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beta-normal distribution; Crop insurance; Extreme value theory; Liebig technology; Limiting factors; Order statistics; Reliability; Weakest link; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9238

Valuing Conflicting Public Information About a New Technology: The Case of Irradiated Foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.
Scientists and advocates can disagree on the value of new products or technologies, such as growth hormones, genetically modified organisms, and food irradiation. Both sides of the debate disseminate information to the public hoping to influence public opinion. This study assesses the economic value of both pro and anti public information using food irradiation as a case study. The value of information sources is estimated in isolation and in combination. In isolation, the results indicate each set of information has value. In combination, only the anti-irradiation information is found to have net positive value (persuading some consumers to purchase non-irradiated products). Pro-irradiation information worked to decrease the value of anti-irradiation...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Experimental auctions; Irradiation; Value of information; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8623

FOOD SAFETY AND GM CROPS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cohen,   Joel I.; Quemada,   Hector; Frederick,   Robert.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16559

Factors Influencing Farmer Adoption of Portable Computers for Site-Specific Management: A Case Study for Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walton,   Jonathan C.; Larson,   James A.; Roberts,   Roland K.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Personal digital assistants (PDA) and handheld global positioning systems (GPS) have become increasingly important in cotton production but little is known about their use. This research analyzed the adoption of PDA/handheld GPS devices in cotton production. A younger farmer who used a computer in farm management and had a positive perception of Extension had a greater likelihood of adopting the devices. In addition, farmers who used complementary remote sensing, plant mapping, and grid soil sampling information were more likely to use PDA/handheld GPS devices. Finally, the COTMAN in-field decision support program from Extension also positively impacted adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Decision support; Information technology; Precision farming technology; Variable rate technology; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D21; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90671

THE NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS: APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kherallah,   Mylene; Kirsten,   Johann F.
This paper summarizes the potential contributions of the new institutional economics to agricultural policy research, with particular emphasis to developing countries.  The paper starts by providing an overview of the new institutional economics and its several branches of thought.  It then describes the future challenges facing world agriculture and shows the potential applications of new institutional and transaction costs economics to agricultural policy analysis in this new world environment.  The paper concludes by providing specific examples of interest in the area of agricultural market research in developing countries that can be analyzed using the new institutional economics.  As a dynamic and relatively new school of thought, the new...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16217

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND PRICE EFFECTS IN AGRICULTURE: CONCEPTUAL AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Dorosh,   Paul A.
This paper addresses the conceptual issues around the negative price effects of technological change on agricultural producers, explores price policy options vis-à-vis this problem, and reviews and compares experiences across Asian countries as they transformed their rural economies. It then draws implications for the challenge of achieving a smallholder-led agricultural revolution in Africa in the context of market liberalization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16131

Pengembangan agribisnis berbasis palawija di Indonesia: perannya dalam peningkatan ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan: prosiding seminar nasional, Bogor, 13 Juli 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
This book is a proceeding of a national seminar on the development of secondary crops-based agribusiness in Indonesia: its role in improving food security and poverty alleviation. The seminar was initiated by UNCAPSA and Indonesian Centre for Food Crops Research and Development (ICFORD). It was attended by farmers, agribusiness players, researchers, agricultural scientists and policy planners. Aspects discussed cover a wide domensions including research and development, strategy/policy and programmes to develop agroindustrial sector, marketing and trade, success stories, as well as problems faced by farmers.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: AGROINDUSTRIAL SECTOR; FOOD CROPS; MARKETS; MARKETING; PROCESSING; FOOD SECURITY; POVERTY; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96658

AGRICULTURAL  INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Carlton George; Langham,   Max R.
Agricultural industrialization and sustainable development issues are important contemporary areas of debate.  This paper argues that the two processes are a consequence of a set of forces operating in our global system.  It outlines a number of conceptual interactions between the two phenomena and examines economic development and sustainable development policy implications that appear to be logical extensions of the arguments presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural industrialization; Sustainable agricultural development; Development assistance; Human capital; Market and policy failures; Public policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15341

A Panel Data Approach to the Measurement of Technical Efficiency and its Determinants: Some Evidence from the Tunisian Agro-Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lachaal,   Lassaad; Chebil,   Ali; Dhehibi,   Boubaker.
This study investigates firm level technical efficiency of production and its determinants in the Tunisian agro-food industry. To this end, a stochastic production frontier model, in which technical efficiency effects are assumed to be a function of firm-specific variables and time, is estimated using panel data on 46 agro-food firms observed over a period of 14 years. Results indicate that technical efficiency in the sample of firms investigated ranges from a minimum of 45% to a maximum of 90% with an average technical efficiency estimate of 67%. Further, investigation of the sources of technical inefficiency in the sample reveals that the age of capital stock and firm size are negatively associated with efficiency, the share of skilled labour is...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26450

Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica.
Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403

Building an evaluative culture for effective evaluation and results management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayne,   John.
A weak evaluative culture undermines many attempts at building an effective evaluation and results management regime. This brief outlines practical actions that an organization can take to build and support an evaluative culture, where information on performance is deliberately sought in order to learn how to better manage and deliver programmes and services. Such an organization values empirical evidence on the results it is seeking to achieve.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Culture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52535

A Strategic Approach to the Implementation of Precision Agriculture Principles in Cash Crop Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maine,   Ntsikane; Nell,   Wilhelm T.
Precision agriculture is one of the important agricultural technologies that can assist farmers and managers in promoting long-term success. Precision agriculture can help farm managers increase their management capacity, which is of utmost importance in the highly competitive modern agriculture. Increased yields and/or efficient input use can also be achieved with precision agriculture. Precision agriculture also involve a large capital outlay and requires skills in interpreting the masses of generated data. Modern farmers have to engage in pro-active thinking with regard to suitable agricultural systems that can enhance sustainable success of their farming businesses. Farm managers who are contemplating on getting involved in precision agriculture need...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Strategic approach; Farming; Farming success; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24259

Continuous Improvement and Innovation as an Approach to Effective Research and Development: A 'Trident' Evaluation of the Beef Profit Partnerships Project
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Madzivhandila,   T.P.; Groenewald,   Izak; Griffith,   Garry R.; Fleming,   Euan M.
Effective socio-economic service delivery is vital for alleviating poverty in developing countries. Increased financial support without complementary investment in service delivery mechanisms often results in little or no impact. This paper contributes to the discussion on how to maximize the impact of agricultural R&amp;D. The case study examined is the South African Beef Profit Partnerships project that is underpinned by the Continuous Improvement and Innovation process. The evidence is presented using a ‘trident’ evaluation approach: a description and analysis of the process followed; the measurement of the outcomes achieved (impact); and the perspectives of the stakeholders involved.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Continuous Improvement and Innovation; Beef Profit Partnerships project; Socio-Economic Development; Sustainable Livelihoods; Research and Development; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6017

Data Entry Programmes for Mathematical Programming Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batterham,   Robert L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12355

A primer on implementing compressed simulated annealing for the optimisation of a constrained simulation model in Microsoft Excel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doole,   Graeme J.
This short paper provides a simple introduction on how a simulation model implemented in Microsoft Excel® can be optimised using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming and the compressed simulated annealing algorithm (Ohlmann et al., 2004; Ohlmann and Thomas, 2007). The standard simulated annealing procedure enters as a special case. Practical advice for determining the parameters that guide the stochastic search process in an annealing algorithm is also given.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7420

Productivity growth and the returns from public investment in R&amp;D in Australian broadacre agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.
Investment in R&amp;D has long been regarded as an important source of productivity growth in Australian agriculture. Perhaps because research lags are long, current investment in R&amp;D is monitored closely. Investment in R&amp;D has been flat while productivity growth has remained strong, relative both to other sectors of the Australian economy and to the agricultural sectors of other countries. Such productivity growth, at a time when the decline in terms of trade facing Australian farmers has slowed, may have enhanced the competitiveness of Australian agriculture. The econometric results presented here suggest no evidence of a decline in the returns from research from the 15 to 40 per cent per annum range estimated by Mullen and Cox. In fact the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Research and development; Research evaluation; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118518

NASYP: Online expert tool on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kahuda,   Daniel; Vach,   Marek; Cerba,   Otakar; Krivanek,   Zbynek; Jezek,   Jan; Charvat,   Karel; Vohnout,   Premysl; Dvorak,   V.
NASYP is an online Geoportal tool being developed in cooperation with state and regional authorities to improve insufficient practices based on implementation of Directive nr. 2003/105/ES on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances. The tool is applicable for managing the permits, reporting and regular monitoring issues. Furthermore, it’s applicable for a risk assessment and a rapid management of disasters in the initial phase. There’re simple modeling tools included to simulate early stages of the contamination caused by disasters occurred to be used for decision making and effective use of emergency services. In this manner, there’re low atmospheric and surface water pollutions taken into account. For the study area, Liberec...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Spatial data; Geoportal; Risk management; Modelling; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116384

RESPONSE TO AN ASYMMETRIC DEMAND FOR ATTRIBUTES: AN APPLICATION TO THE MARKET FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18956

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND RURAL POVERTY: THE CASE OF RICE RESEARCH IN INDIA AND CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Qian,   Keming; Krishnaiah,   K.
The study attempts to measure the total benefits from rice varietal improvement research in China and India using variety adoption and performance data over the last two decades. It then uses genetic or pedigree information to partition the total benefits between these two countries and IRRI. Finally, the study uses reported elasticity of poverty reduction with respect to agricultural output growth to assess the effects of national and international research on poverty reduction in rural India and China. The results indicate that rice varietal improvement research has contributed tremendously to increase in rice production, accounting for 14-23 percent of total production value over the last two decades in both countries. Rice research has also helped...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16098

SIRATAC: a decision support system for cotton management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearn,   A.B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12352

Estimated Contribution of Four Biotechnologies to New Zealand Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaye-Blake,   William; Saunders,   Caroline M.
The impact of biotechnology is an important consideration for New Zealand. The country depends significantly on agricultural production and exports (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2004), and has relied in part on modern biotechnology for productivity increases over the last 20 years (Evenson &amp; Gollin, 2003; Jacobsen &amp; Scobie, 1999; Ovenden, Anderson, Armstrong, &amp; Mitchel, 1985). A recent survey of individuals in agriculture and biotechnology generated a comprehensive list of products and processes that are derived from four specific biotechnologies and are commercially significant in agriculture (Kaye-Blake, Saunders, Emanuelsson, Dalziel, &amp; Wreford, 2005). This innovative research generated primary data on the actual impacts that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21133

Adaptive, participatory and integrated assessment (APIA) of the impacts of irrigation on fisheries: Evaluation of the approach in Sri Lanka.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen-Khoa,   Sophie; Smith,   Laurence; Lorenzen,   Kai.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Irrigation effects; Assessment; Decision making; Case studies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92016

CASTING BREAD UPON THE WATER: COMMENTS ON TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duffy,   Patricia A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15021

COMMODITY POLICY, PRICE INCENTIVES, AND THE GROWTH IN PER-ACRE YIELDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foster,   William E.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
We estimate the influence of policy-induced price changes and of technology supply on North Carolina flue-cured tobacco yields.  The decline in land rent and effective output price that accompanied a 1965 policy change from acreage allotments to poundage quotas caused a 12 percent decrease in yields.  Farmer yields were more responsive to yield-increasing technologies under acreage allotments than under poundage quotas.  Annual yield growth was 0.5 percent under poundage quotas and 4.32 percent under acreage allotments.  The growth rate decline is attributable to changes in relative prices and to a slowdown in the supply of available technologies.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Commodity policy; Endogenous yield growth; Flue-cured tobacco; Technical change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15194

INFORMATION AND THE ADOPTION OF PRECISION FARMING TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McBride,   William D.; Daberkow,   Stan G.
Precision farming technologies have been commercially available since the early 1990s, but the pace of adoption among U.S. farmers has been modest. This study examines the relationship between the adoption of diagnostic and application techniques of precision farming and sources of information available to farmers about precision farming. The model used in the analysis accounts for sources of self-selection in the adoption process that could bias the results. Results indicate interpersonal information sources have increased adoption relative to information from the mass media, and the private sector has been the driving force behind the diffusion of precision farming. Information from crop consultants and input suppliers has had the greatest impact on the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Information sources; Logit analysis; Precision farming; Self-selection bias; Technology adoption; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14671

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: WILL IT BE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERRED THROUGH THE MARKET OR PIRACY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarvydas,   Robert; Gaisford,   James D.; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26027

Bioprospection Beyond Intellectual Property Rights: The Kani Model of Access and Benefit Sharing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pascual,   Unai; Dedeurwaerdere,   Tom; Krishna,   Vijesh V.
This paper addresses the value of bioprospection for genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge (TK) from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from evolutionary institutional economics. Drawing on a unique 'access and benefit sharing' (ABS) bioprospecting contract from the Western Ghats, India, we show how the monetary value of plant genetic information from the traditional knowledge holders' perspective can be assessed using a contingent valuation modelling approach. While the study allows the identification of such values from one of the main stakeholder's (i.e, the Kani community) perspective, it also allows to point out some of the key gaps in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioprospection; Genetic resources; Traditional knowledge; Kani model; Western Ghats; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25377

RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN JOINT PUBLIC-PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
Federal technology transfer legislation has encouraged increased collaboration between the public and private sectors, including joint research ventures known as Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs).  While several economically important technologies have been developed through CRADAs, there is concern that CRADA may divert public research from its central research missions.  This study compares the pattern of research resource allocation for CRADA projects at the U.S. Department of Agriculture with research priorities of public and private intramural agricultural research.  The findings suggest that CRADAs have attracted considerable private co-financing of joint research projects, and may have enabled public research to concentrate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; CRADA projects; Research priorities; Technology transfer; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14725

RATES OF RETURN TO PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE PRESENCE OF RESEARCH SPILLOVERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yee,   Jet; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This study uses new state data to examine the contributions of public agricultural research, extension, and infrastructure to agricultural productivity.  The estimated social rates of return (which take into account spillover effects) are high and imply a need for federal or regional institutions to coordinate public agricultural research funding.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20628

Labor and Technology Change in the Nursery Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera; Buccola,   Steven T.
The U.S. nursery industry is highly complex, and affected on their demand side by the construction industry and on their factor supply side by the market for low-skill labor, which in turn is influenced by gyrating construction activity as well as southern-border immigration. We examine an industry seeking to adapt to a changing demand and labor environment. Our emphasis is on the manner in which nurseries cope with increasing retailer power, increasingly quality- and variety-conscious consumers, and expectations of rising wages. We argue that the gradual growth of such labor aids as potting assembly belts and pruning equipment should be viewed in terms of a tradeoff among labor quantity, labor quality, and capital instead of the more conventional tradeoff...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61047

Irrigation against rural poverty: an overview of issues and pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia; Proceedings of National Workshops on Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam [9-10 August 2001, Colombo, Sri Lanka]
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water resources; Poverty; Sustainability; Rural development; Irrigated farming; Performance evaluation; Case studies; Large scale systems; Surface irrigation; Water use efficiency; Water scarcity; Water policy; Productivity; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118406

Policy-Induced Technology Adoption: Evidence from the U.S. Lead Phasedown
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Newell,   Richard G.
The theory of environmental regulation suggests that economic instruments, such as taxes and tradable permits, create more effective technology adoption incentives than conventional regulatory standards. We explore this issue for an important industry undergoing technological responses to a dramatic decrease in allowed pollution levels - the petroleum industry's phasedown of lead in gasoline. Using a panel of refineries from 1971 to 1995, we provide some of the first direct evidence that alternative policies affect the pattern of adoption in expected ways. Importantly, we find that the tradable permit system used during the lead phasedown provided incentives for more efficient technology adoption decisions. Where environmentally appropriate, this suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Adoption; Diffusion; Environment; Regulation; Lead; Gasoline; Tradable permit; Incentive-based policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C41; L71; O31; O33; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10834

U.S. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Michael J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27728

On the Dynamics of Competing Energy Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We characterize the dynamics of energy markets in which energy is derived from polluting (fossil) and clean (solar) resources. The analysis is based on geometric optimal control considerations. An important feature of solar energy technologies is that their cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investment in capital infrastructure (rather than to actual supply rate) and this feature has important implications for the market allocation outcome. In particular, it gives rise to a threshold behavior in that solar energy is adopted only when the price of fossil energy exceeds a certain threshold. Under this condition solar technologies will (eventually) dominate energy supply by driving fossil energy altogether out of the energy sector. A tax on fossil...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil and solar energy; Characteristic curves; Price thresholds; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93127

SYNTHETIC FIBRES IN THE WOOL TEXTILE INDUSTRY: A STUDY OF THE ROLE OF PRICE IN TECHNOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Alan A.; Polasek,   Metodey; Burley,   Harry T.
Conventional growth curves, such as the logistic and Gompertz, though both useful and successful as descriptive measures, lack economic substance. Where a new product is developed expressly to compete with an existing close substitute, any economist might reasonably expect the relative prices of the two goods to be relevant to the rate at which the innovation is adopted. Yet growth curves of the class mentioned above are functions of time only.  In this paper we attempt to allow for the influence of price. The logistic law of growth remains basic to the pattern of adoption in our model. However, it is assumed that relative prices can both accelerate the rate of adoption, and affect the long-run share of the market enjoyed by the new product. (We shall use...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1963
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22950

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENCLOSURE: LAND, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
The tension between enterprise as a means and sustainability as an end is directly related to the tension between rights to exclude others from a stream of private benefits and rights to be included in streams of environmental improvements.  Resolving this tension is necessary if we are to square the circle between sustainability and enterprise.  I begin for perspective with a brief review of the enclosure of land, and the widely cited notion of the Tragedy of the Commons.  I then consider the modern version of the debate, surrounding informatics and, more specifically, intellectual property in plant genomics.  The last part of the discussion focuses on a synthesis in which the two faces of enclosure - to be excluded and to be included - are brought...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14464

Der Internationale Vertrag über pflanzengenetische Ressourcen für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft – ein Meilenstein zur Erleichterung der Pflanzenzüchtung?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97539

The Relevance of Information Sources on Adoption of                                                        Precision Farming Technologies by Cotton Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia-Jimenez,   Carlos I.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Velandia,   Margarita M.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Segarra,   Eduardo.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/16/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Strategic communication; Competitiveness; Extension; Economics of information; Technology diffusion; Technology supply; Communication methods; Knowledge management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D22; D80; D82; D83; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98123

Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos e Sociais do Programa de Erradicação da Doença de Aujeszky no Estado de Santa Catarina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miele,   Marcelo; Girotto,   Ademir Francisco; Mores,   Nelson; Amaral,   Armando Lopes Do; Zanella,   Janice Reis Ciacci.
Os recursos limitados para a pesquisa agropecuária e a necessidade de conhecer de que forma as tecnologias alteram a competitividade das cadeias produtivas, seu entorno social e o meio ambiente exigem que sejam implementados processos de avaliação de impacto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto econômico, social e organizacional do Programa de Erradicação da Doença de Aujeszky no Estado de Santa Catarina, desenvolvido pela Embrapa e instituições parceiras. Este programa foi implementado em 2001 e atingiu sua meta em 2004. Os benefícios gerados representam um retorno positivo para os investimentos.--------------------The limited resources for agricultural research and the need for a better knowledge about the ways that technologies change...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Doença de Aujeszky; Erradicação; Impacto econômico; Impacto social; Aujeszky Disease; Economic impact; Eradication; Social impact; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108163

BROADACRE FARM PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY IN SOUTH WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Islam,   Nazrul; Xayavong,   Vilaphonh; Kingwell,   Ross S.
This paper examines broadacre farm performance in south-western Australia. This region has experienced pronounced climate variability and volatile commodity prices over the last decade or so. Relationships between productivity and profitability are explored using panel data from 50 farms in the study region. The data are analysed using non-parametric methods. Components of farm productivity and profitability are measured over the period 1998 to 2008. Economies of scale and scope are shown often to be positive contributors to productivity and profitability. However, the main finding is that technical change, much more so than technical efficiency, has supplied over 68 percent of the improvement in total factor productivity for farms in the different...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Profitability; Technical change; Farm businesses; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100565

Television Production: Its Changing Global Location, the Product Cycle and China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gao,   Zhicun; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article concentrates on the global location of production of television receivers as a case study.  The aim is to see if this accords with Vernon’s international product cycle theory or whether some modifications of the theory are required.  The historical evolution of the global television industry is outlined and the global pattern of demand for television sets is explored, partly to relate the location of demand to the location of television production.  Production cycles involved in television manufacture and its international location are then carefully explored both for black-and-white sets and for colour television.  China’s rise to become the world’s major producers of television sets is given particular attention.  Conclusions are drawn about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Flying geese models; International product cycle; Japan; Multinationals; Technology transfer; Television; USA; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90530

The Politics of Patents and Drugs in Brazil and Mexico: The Industrial Bases of Health Activism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shadlen,   Ken.
This paper analyzes the politics of intellectual property (IP) and public health in Brazil and Mexico. Both countries introduced pharmaceutical patents in the 1990s, to comply with their international obligations. Indeed, both countries’ IP systems were markedly similar in being favorable to the interests of the transnational, innovation-based pharmaceutical sector. Yet since the late 1990s the two countries have diverged in dramatic fashion. In Brazil the response to the high price of drugs and societal demands to reform the IP system has been to make obtaining private ownership over knowledge more difficult and to increase the rights of third parties to access and use knowledge. In Mexico, the response to similar demands has been to raise impediments to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37710

CONSUMERS, PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24079

The Place of Expert Systems in Agricultural Economics: a comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colomb,   Robert M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12566

Empirical Evidence of Technical Efficiency Levels in Greek  Organic and Conventional Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis; Pantzios,   Christos J.; Fotopoulos,   Christos.
The present study utilizes the stochastic production frontier approach in evaluating the technical efficiency rates achieved in four types of Greek organic and conventional farm operations, namely, olive oil-producing, cotton, raisin-producing, and grapes-for-wine producing farms.  The empirical results are expected to illustrate possible differences in the technical efficiency scores between the two farming technologies, and provide empirical evidence which at least in the field of organic farming performance is scarce or even absent.  Such assessments may also be helpful for pointing out purely economic advantages (or disadvantages) of organic farming, in addition to its environmental dimension, and formulating policies to improve its economic performance.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26462

Branchenspezifische Besonderheiten im Innovationsverhalten des Ernährungsgewerbes: Eine empirische Analyse des Mannheimer Innovationspanels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kubitzki,   Sabine; Anders,   Sven M.
The article’s aim is to conduct a comparative cross-section analysis of the innovative behaviour of the German manufacturing industry. The peculiarities of the food industry are tested in a combined analysis based on both input and output indicators. Linear and logistic regressions are used to investigate the differences between the food industry and other branches of the manufacturing industry. In comparison to other branches, the food industry has lower research &amp; development (R&amp;D) expenditures whereas the import of research from more technology intensive sectors is high. Most of the released new products are improvements and imitations. Market novelties are rare. The development time for new products is relatively short compared to other...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food industry; Innovation; Innovation behaviour; Innovation measurement; Input indicators; Output indicators; ZEW Innovation Panel; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97205

THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER IMPERFECT ENFORCEMENT: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE TRIPS AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This paper develops a model of heterogeneous producers to examine the economic causes of IPR infringement and its consequences for the welfare of the interest groups and the pricing and adoption of a new technology (i.e., a genetically modified seed) in the context of a small open developing economy. Enforcement of IPRs, and pricing and adoption of the new technology are modeled as a sequential game between the government that enforces the IPRs, a foreign innovating firm that prices the new technology, and the developing country’s producers who make the production and cheating decisions. Analytical results show that complete deterrence of IPR infringement is not always economically optimal. IPR infringement affects the welfare of the interest groups and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Enforcement; Infringement; Intellectual property rights; TRIPs agreement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16063

LA COTE D'IVOIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Beintema,   Nienke M.
Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche agricole en Côte d’Ivoire et les tendances institutionnelles apparues dans ce domaine en se basant sur de nouvelles données d’enquête se rapportant aux années 90 rassemblées dans le cadre du projet conjoint (IFPRI-ISNAR-CORAF/WECARD 2002) sur les indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles (ASTI) ainsi que sur diverses autres sources secondaires.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16197

Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture: Case Studies of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Mahander; Munda,   G.C.
This case study aims to analyze the impact of the most important agro-techniques, i.e., land leveling, field bunding, gypsum application and the sprinkler method of irrigation on the performance of pearl millet-wheat and pearl millet-mustard cropping systems with saline/alkaline water irrigation in a semi-arid region of India.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Technology transfer; Water use; Resource management; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32675

The Web Presence of Greek Food Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chryssochoidis,   George M.; Blouchos,   Peter.
The World Wide Web is still a new technology. In higher internationalization sectors, firms are not only expected to adopt new technologies quickly, but also do so in a simultaneous manner across countries. Nonetheless, the food industry is a lower internationalization sector, meaning that adoption of new technologies (such as the web) may be taking place at a slower pace. We check the overall hypothesis that the Greek food firms are lagging behind their counterparts in other Western countries with respect to their web presence. We investigate this hypothesis by comparing and contrasting the functionality, usability, efficiency and reliability of the web sites of 119 food and 56 beverage Greek and 98 overseas food companies. Our hypothesis is confirmed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26440

A TWO-STEP ESTIMATOR FOR A SPATIAL LAG MODEL OF COUNTS: THEORY, SMALL SAMPLE PERFORMANCE AND AN APPLICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Brown,   Jason P.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Several spatial econometric approaches are available to model spatially correlated disturbances in count models, but there are at present no structurally consistent count models incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation. A two-step, limited information maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to fill this gap. The estimator is developed assuming a Poisson distribution, but can be extended to other count distributions. The small sample properties of the estimator are evaluated with Monte Carlo experiments. Simulation results suggest that the spatial lag count estimator achieves gains in terms of bias over the aspatial version as spatial lag autocorrelation and sample size increase. An empirical example deals with the location choice of single-unit start-up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Count model; Location choice; Manufacturing; Poisson; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C25; D21; R12; R30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59780

ICT in Agricultural Enterprises in the Czech Republic – Exploration 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanek,   Jiri; Simek,   Pavel; Vogeltanzova,   Tereza; Cervenkova,   Eva; Jarolimek,   Jan.
The present paper brings an outline of the methodology and chosen results of an extensive ICT development survey in agricultural enterprises that was carried out in the second quarter of 2010 in the whole Czech Republic. The survey was aimed primarily at the analysis of internet connectivity development in rural areas (i.e. areas where the majority of enterprises operates), at the technical and program equipment and last but not least at the present state and current trends in ICT use. This follow-up survey prosecutes the studies that were administered within the last two years (2009 in particular). In comparison with previous years, it comprises two brand new domains (e.g. social networks and their use, program equipment used in different segments of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Information and communication technologies; Broadband; ADSL; Wi-Fi; 3G; LTE.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96938

THE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN MAINE: THE CASE OF A SMALL NORTHEASTERN EXPERIMENT STATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leiby,   James D.; Adams,   Gregory D.
Estimates of the marginal internal rate of return to expenditures for research by the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station are presented.  Estimates are performed using ridge regression under an array of specifications, including alternative functional forms, lag structures, costs of public funds, and variable specifications.  The results are consistent with many previous results that imply an underinvestment in agricultural research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28816

Institutional and social influences on R&amp;D evaluation in agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingwell,   Ross S.
Benefit‐cost analyses of R&amp;D activity in agriculture increasingly form part of the decision‐making process of allocating R&amp;D funds. This article describes how institutional and social influences can affect the rigour and quality of R&amp;D evaluations. The article explores some possible mechanisms for quality control in benefit‐cost analysis so that appraisals are more likely to be accountable and credible assessments rather than false advertising or biased assessments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117034

Learning, Misallocation, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adhvaryu,   Achyuta.
I show that malaria misdiagnosis, common in resource-poor settings, decreases the expected effectiveness of an important new therapy–since only a fraction of treated individuals have malaria–and reduces the rate of learning via increased noise. Using pilot program data from Tanzania, I exploit variation in the location and timing of survey enumeration to construct reference groups composed of randomly chosen, geographically and temporally proximate acutely ill individuals. I show that learning is stronger and adoption rates are higher in villages with more misdiagnosis. Subsidizing diagnostic tools or improving initial targeting of new technologies may thus accelerate uptake through learning.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Learning; Malaria; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I15; O12; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115712

Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Irish Potato Producers in Kenya: A Case of Nyandarua North District
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyagaka,   Daniel; Obare,   Gideon A.; Nguyo,   Wilson.
With declining Irish potato production trends in Kenya this paper identifies and analyses factors that influence the economic efficiency of smallholder Irish potato producers in Kenya by drawing on data from random sample of 130 smallholder farmers from Nyandarua North district. A dual stochastic parametric decomposition technique is used to disaggregate economic efficiency components and a two-limit Tobit model is used to derive efficiency indices as a function of a vector of socio-economic characteristics and institutional factors. Empirical results show decreasing returns to scale in production. The mean economic efficiency is 0.39 with a range of 0.12 - 0.66. Education, access to extension, access to credit and membership in a farmers association...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Productivity; Stochastic frontier functions; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D12; D24; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49917

The Effect of Farm Labor Organization on IPM Adoption. Empirical Evidence from Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckmann,   Volker; Irawan,   Evi; Wesseler,   Justus.
This paper examines the effect of labor organization on integrated pest management (IPM), using cross section data collected from a participatory farming system survey of 157 durian growers in Chanthaburi, Thailand, in 2005. In contrast to many studies of IPM adoption, this work uses the form of farm labor organization as an endogenous factor for identifying the rate of IPM adoption among durian growers. The instrumental variables method was employed to econometrically relate a set of alleged variables as instruments of labor organization to the rate of IPM adoption. Results show that, among others, farms employing hired labor have a significantly lower adoption rate of IPM.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor Organization; IPM Adoption; 2SLS; Farm Labor; Agricultural Extension; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; J2; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55767

Unter welchen Umständen würden deutsche Landwirte gentechnisch veränderten Raps anbauen? Ein Discrete-Choice-Experiment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breustedt,   Gunnar; Muller-Scheessel,   Jorg; Meyer-Schatz,   Henrika Marie.
We examine the factors affecting the willingness of German farmers to adopt genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape after the pending commercial release of GM varieties. The analysis is based mainly on a web-based Discrete Choice Experiment with 217 oilseed rape growers in Germany. The determinants of adoption were estimated with the use of a multinomial probit model. Results indicate a significant impact of economic determinants on the adoption willingness: the difference in gross margins between GM and conventional rape, the probability and level of liability for damage caused by cross-pollination, and the length of the waiting period before a farmer can return to conventional rape are all highly significant. Among the farm characteristics, farm size...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Discrete Choice Experiment; Genetically modified oilseed rape; Multinomial probit model; Online survey; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96756

The Utilisation of Remote Sensing in the South Pacific
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Claasen,   Dan van R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113892

Logistic modelling of smallholder livestock farmers’ adoption of tree-based fodder technology in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jera,   R.; Ajayi,   Olu Clifford.
Based on field data collected from 131 small scale dairy farmers that were randomly selected from four agro-ecological zones, this study assessed the potential of adoption of fodder bank technology as a means for improving livestock production and income generation for smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Using a logit modelling approach, it also identified the drivers of adoption of the technology by analysing the influence of household characteristics and ecological factors on farmers’ decision to adopt the technology. The model correctly predicted 75% of observed adoption and non-adoption by farmers. Results reveal that dairy herd size, land holding size, membership of dairy association and agro-ecological potential are the key factors influencing farmers’...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44033

Biodiversity versus Transgenic Sugar Beet: The One Euro Question
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Wesseler,   Justus; Tollens,   Eric.
The decision of whether to release transgenic crops in the EU is one subject to flexibility, uncertainty, and irreversibility. We analyse the case of herbicide tolerant sugar beet and reassess whether the 1998 de facto moratorium of the EU on transgenic crops for sugar beet was correct from a cost-benefit perspective using a real option approach. We show that the decision was correct, if households value possible annual irreversible costs of herbicide tolerant sugar beet with about 1 € or more on average. On the other hand, the total net private reversible benefits forgone if the de facto moratorium is not lifted are in the order of 169 Mio € per year.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25831

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS - BRIDGING THE GAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kletke,   Marilyn G.; Kletke,   Darrel D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29933

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION DECISIONS UNDER UNCERTAINTY: IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE RETURN ASSUMPTIONS ON TIMING OF ADOPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20658

Market Orientation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Examination of the Illinois Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Micheels,   Eric T.; Gow,   Hamish R.
This paper explores the importance of a producer’s market orientation on their subjective performance within agricultural commodity markets. Using a structural equation model of beef producers, our findings suggest that market oriented firms are highly innovative and achieve superior performance. These findings are consistent with previous research on the market orientation-performance relationship in heterogeneous product markets. The cost focus of a firm was also found to have a significant influence on innovation, but no direct effect on performance. This suggests that beef producers should follow a balanced approach utilizing both an external market and an internal productivity focus to achieve superior returns as opposed to solely focusing on internal...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market orientation; Beef production; Innovation; Performance; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53649

AN EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTICS BANS ON INVESTMENT IN APPLE ORCHARDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Roosen,   Jutta.
The decision to replant a fire blight-susceptible apple orchard is analyzed.  Embedding the problem into an equilibrium framework facilitates the welfare analysis of changes in orchard survival probabilities arising from a ban on antibiotics use.  We estimate the structural impacts and welfare changes of the ban.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Apple orchard; Dynamics; Equilibrium; Replanting; Resistance; Truncated Poisson process; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21698

CHANGING CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS ABOUT GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.
University students took part in an experimental auction designed to elicit and estimate the influence of information bias on consumer willingness to pay for GM versus non-GM food products.  Surveys before and after the auction queried participants on their perceptions about GM foods and the associated risks, and their beliefs and attitudes about the interaction between farming practices and the environment.  Students received either positive- or negative-biased information about the impact of biotechnology on the environment during the auction.  Consumer perceptions were influenced by information bias.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16598

Innovation Systems Governance in Bolivia: Lessons for Agricultural Innovation Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Alexaki,   Anastasia; Baptista,   René.
Traditional approaches to innovation systems policymaking and governance often focus exclusively on the central provision of services, regulations, fiscal measures, and subsidies. This study, however, considers that innovation systems policymaking and governance also has to do with the structures and procedures decision makers set up to provide incentives for innovating agents and the interaction and collaboration among them, thus enabling innovation. Based on the concepts of agent-centered institutionalism and innovation systems, governance can be understood to refer to integrating multiple government and non-government actors in different actor constellations depending on roles, mandates, and strategic visions. Any effort to govern the system composed of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Innovation System; Governance; Innovation Policy; Bolivia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42367

Spatial R&amp;D Spillovers and Economic Growth - Evidence from West Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Funke,   Michael; Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
The paper bases itself on recent theoretical writings in growth economics that emphasize the effects of both own R&amp;D efforts and of interregional technology spillovers on regions´ productivity. We propose robust estimation techniques to evaluate the R&amp;D spillovers across West German functional regions during the period 1976 - 1996. The findings suggest the existence of knowledge spillovers across functional regional boundaries.  Moreover, significant spillovers are mainly found among geographically close regions. This finding confirms the hypothesis that proximity matters. Das Papier basiert auf jüngeren Beiträgen zur Wachstumstheorie, die den Stellenwert eigener F&amp;E-Anstrengungen und interregionaler Spillover-Effekte für die regionale...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D Spillovers; Economic Growth; Germany; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C52; F43; O57; R11.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26396

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RETURN TO CANADIAN SWINE RESEARCH - 1974-1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Greg; Fox,   Glenn; Brinkman,   George L.; Oxley,   Jamie; Gill,   Ravinderpal; Junkins,   Bruce.
This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada.  These estimates were obtained using Agriculture and Agrifood Canada's Canadian Regional Agricultural Model (CRAM).   Positive Mathematical Programming was incorporated into the model for use in this study.  The CRAM allows the effects of supply shifts from technological change in the hog industry to interact with product and factor market conditions in the rest of Canadian agriculture.  Previous estimates of the returns to Canadian swine research were obtained with a partial equilibrium model that did not allow for intra-sectoral resource use adjustments.   Extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the return estimates under variations in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34113

Impact Assessment of Research on the Biology and Management of Coconut Crabs on Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113249

The optimal suppression of a low-cost technology by a durable-good monopoly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
If a durable-good monopoly can use either of two technologies whose properties are known to consumers, the monopoly uses only the technology with the lowest average cost at low levels of production. If consumers only know about technologies in use, the monopoly may use an inferior technology initially to increase its profits, keeping the new, efficient technology secret and switching later. Thus, in either case, an inferior technology may be used; however, switching between technologies occurs only if consumers are not fully informed about both technologies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coase conjecture; Consumers; Monopolies; Profits; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47279

Identifying Agricultural Research and Development Investment Opportunities in Sub-Sahara Africa; A Global, Economy-Wide Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the most important development challenge of the 21st century. Poverty is higher in most African countries than elsewhere in the developing world. According to the recently published Report of the Commission for Africa, economic growth in Africa is necessary for substantially reducing poverty. Among three proposed policy options, the Commission recommends that African countries invest significantly in agriculture. But policy makers in the region face a dilemma: which subsector within agriculture will yield the highest return for a given budget? This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to simulate productivity gains in sub-Sahara African agriculture subject to trade-offs between gains in crops and gains in livestock....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25527

Capital and financing innovation processes in enterprises in Poland: selected aspects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janasz,   Krzysztof.
Every economic entity undertakes various complex activities that aim at achieving strategic goals. This complex plane of strategic activities certainly includes pro-innovative activity consisting in creating and implementing innovations that help to gain competitive advantage. Undoubtedly, enterprises need capital. Without capital they are not able to positively influence the economic growth of any country. The aim of this article is to present the relationship between capital and financing innovation projects in Poland.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capital; Innovation; Capital gap; Financial engineering.; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94632

The Economic Impact of Investment in Integrated Pest Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araji,   A.A.
Following World War II, pest control largely shifted from a biological discipline to a chemical one. Unilateral dependence on pesticides has also resulted in concentrating effort on developing high-yield crop varieties with disregard for loss of characters for tolerance or resistance to pests. The broad ecological dictum of considering the whole interacting system was generally ignored and, thus, the importance of natural enemies and the plant's own factor for resisting pests. Excessive reliance on pesticides for the last three decades has destroyed natural enemies and caused some pests to develop resistance to pesticides. Consequently, the use of frequent treatments with increasing dosages was adopted in an effort to control pests. This development,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49056

Agricultural Experiments and their Economic Significance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Alan G.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8991

Farming and the Internet: Factors Affecting Input Purchases Online and Reasons for Non-Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briggeman,   Brian C.; Whitacre,   Brian E.
Using the 2005 ARMS data, significant factors are identified that influence the decision to purchase farm inputs over the Internet and reasons for not adopting the Internet. Internet input purchasing farmers tend to be younger and more educated. Non-adopters that are more educated most likely cite Internet security concerns as their primary reason for not adopting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: ARMS; Internet; Farming; E-commerce; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; R1.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6871

The Impact of the CIMMYT Wheat Breeding Program on Mexican Wheat Producers and Consumers: An Economic Welfare Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barkley,   Andrew P.; Nalley,   Lawton Lanier; Crespi,   John M.
The increase in wheat production in Mexico’s Yaqui Valley from the breeding and development of semidwarf wheat varieties released by CIMMYT is quantified for the period 1990-2002, and the costs and benefits of the wheat research program are estimated and evaluated using a two-region model of the world wheat market.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Public wheat breeding; Benefit/cost analysis; Agricultural research; Wheat varieties; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6931

ON FORMALIZED OPINION OF PEERS IN MONITORING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
The practice of conducting annual "in house" reviews in international agricultural research institutes is discussed and possible virtues of widespread use of such reviews by Australian agricultural research organizations are reviewed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9152

Economic feasibility of converting cow manure to electricity: A case study of the CVPS Cow Power program in Vermont
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Qingbin; Thompson,   Ethan; Parsons,   Robert L.; Rogers,   Glenn.
A case study of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation (CVPS) Cow Power program examines the economic feasibility for dairy farms to convert cow manure into electricity via anaerobic methane digestion. The study confirms that it is technically feasible to convert cow manure to electricity on dairy farms but the economic returns highly depend on the base electricity price paid by CVPS, premium rate paid by CVPS customers, financial supports from government agencies and other organizations, and sales of the by-products of methane generation. Lessons learned from this program will be useful to other dairy farms and communities interested in converting cow manure into electricity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digestion; Dairy farms; Renewable energy; Economic feasibility; Vermont.; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104564

THE IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPREAD OF PRIVATE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Courtmanche,   Ann.
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current status of research and commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide and to quantify the importance of various policies, particularly intellectual property rights, to the spread of biotechnology research and commercial products.  Data collected for this paper show that most of the applied agricultural biotech research is conducted by the private sector of which a substantial portion is by multinational corporations.  Econometric analysis of this data finds that plant breeders’ rights and the ability to patent plants are associated with the spread of applied biotech research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22133

IMPLICATIONS OF MICROCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levins,   Richard A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30236

THE IMPACT OF PRECISION FARMING STRATEGIES ON PROFITABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Solie,   John B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33416

Agricultural Research and Poverty Alleviation: Some International Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
Invited paper for the John L. Dillon AO Commemorative Day on ‘Agricultural Research: Challenges and Economics in the New Millenium’ The University of New England, Armidale NSW Australia, September 20, 2002
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118375

Development of Agricultural Industrialization under the Background of Socialist New Countryside Construction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zheng,   Zewen; Zhang,   Chenghua.
Relationship between socialist new countryside construction and agricultural industrialization development in China is analyzed. On the one hand, socialist new countryside construction is the era background of agricultural industrialization development, offering a strong support for the development of agricultural industrialization. On the other hand, agricultural industrialization management is an important content of new countryside construction, offering basic economic guarantee for the construction of new countryside. It is proposed that under the new period of time, the overall development of socialist new countryside construction and the agricultural industrialization development should be promoted in accordance with the requirements of the...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: New countryside construction; Scientific concept of development; Agricultural industrialization; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55905

Fiducial cost-benefit analysis research: with an application to weather modification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beare,   Stephen; Chambers,   Raymond.
Environmental intervention is often seen as being high risk and high return. Traditional scientific hypothesis testing provides limited guidance to policy makers unless there is a high level of certainty in the supporting scientific evidence. Traditional cost-benefit analysis under uncertainty has shortcomings when considering high-risk investment, largely due to the choice of how to discount uncertainty outcomes. A corollary is that traditional cost-benefit analysis does not place a value on increased certainty, an important outcome of successful scientific research. A fiducial costbenefit methodology is presented in this paper, which integrates hypothesis testing and traditional cost-benefit analysis. The fiducial approach is one way of objectively...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cost-benefit; Risk; Uncertainty; Cost-benefit; Fiducial inference; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124232

Building on Success: Agricultural Research, Technology, and Policy for Development; Report of a symposium held at Canberra 14 May 1987
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113878

ENDOGENOUS INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SPILLOVERS AND BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE IN THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Meijl,   Hans; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
This paper discusses the implementation of embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model.   We specify a transmission mechanism for technical knowledge that assumes that knowledge is embodied in traded commodities. The usability of knowledge in the receiving country is dependent on the local absorption capacity (e.g., human capital, knowledge infrastructure) and on structural differences (e.g., factor endowments, climate) between countries.   This concept is illustrated first by modeling spillovers embodied in final products and Hicks-neutral technical change.   The bulk of the paper deals with factor-biased technical change in agriculture, and its international transmission through traded intermediate inputs.   We demonstrate how to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28710

THE COTTON HARVESTER IN RETROSPECT: LABOR DISPLACEMENT OR REPLACEMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.; Kislev,   Yoav.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13839

Indigenous Technology and Agricultural Research System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Dayanatha.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47353

Financial Survival in an Era of Technological Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harshbarger,   C. Edward.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59887

The Economics of Technology Diffusion: Implications for Climate Policy in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Recent efforts to forge a consensus on the role developing countries should play in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions have focused attention on climate friendly technologies (CFTs), most notably those that enhance energy efficiency. In the medium term, the effectiveness of technology-based climate strategies will depend critically on the rates at which CFTs diffuse in developing countries. This paper reviews some of the key findings of the economics research on technology diffusion and assesses the implications for climate policy. The most obvious lessons from this research are that widespread diffusion of CFTs may take decades, and that diffusion rates in developing and industrialized countries are likely to be quite different. In addition, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology diffusion; Climate change; Developing countries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; O38; Q25; Q28; O48.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10574

Innovative development as the anti-crisis factor in economy of Uzbekistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zufarova,   Nargiza.
The article observes policies outlined in government anti-crisis program in Uzbekistan and directed on innovative development of some sectors, including oil and gas sector. The author believes that national economic model demonstrates firm capacity to resist and overcome negative effects of the global financial crisis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: World financial crisis; Economic development; Innovative development; Education; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O38; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94532

The rate of return on R&amp;D in the South African Sugar Industry, 1925-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nieuwoudt,   W. Lieb; Nieuwoudt,   T.W.
The rate of return (ROR) on R&amp;D in the South African Sugar Industry is estimated from a Ridge Regression of a production function of time series data for the period 1925 to 2001. The Industry has kept records on R&amp;D expenditure, yields, rainfall and related factors over a 75-year period. Sugar cane yield was measured in tons sucrose to account for quality improvement. In this function, R&amp;D expenditure lagged three years was significant (t = 6.5) in explaining increased sucrose production per ha. Other highly significant variables in this model were rainfall (t = 5.2) and real cost of production (t = 8.4). A dummy interaction with R&amp;D was significant (t = 2.9) implying a greater impact for R&amp;D technology during the period 1959 to 1975...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9477

AN ECONOMY-WIDE ANALYSIS OF GM FOOD LABELING POLICIES IN TAIWAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Hsu,   Shih-Hsun; Wu,   Chia-Hsuan.
The development of agricultural biotechnology offers the opportunity to increase crop production, lowers farming costs, improves food quality and could reduce costs to consumers.  For the food importing economies, the import quantities as well as prices will be affected through world market as the production technology of GM crops is adopted by the exporting countries.  Many sectors will be affected by the use of these crops through vertical (or backward) and horizontal (or forward) linkages.  The purpose of this paper is to develop an economy-wide quantitative assessment of the economic impacts of the introduction of GM products with and without labeling.  The modeling framework used in this analysis is TAIGEM (Taiwan General Equilibrium Model), a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19929

Whither Aquaculture R&amp;D? Results from a Delphi Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stricker,   Susanne; Guettler,   Stefan; Mueller,   Rolf A.E.; Schulz,   Carsten.
In the summer of the year 2008 a worldwide online Delphi study on the future of R&amp;D in aquaculture was conducted. The Delphi method is widely used to survey experts on the anticipated developments within a specific domain. We employ this method to ascertain the likely future directions of aquaculture research in developed, high-income countries. For the convenience of our respondents we conducted the survey on the web. Results of the survey show that aquaculture experts agree that aquaculture research in general has made substantial achievements and will continue to make even more achievements in the future and also aquaculture research achievements will have very large impact on the productivity of the aquaculture farm as well as on the quality of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59187

Afforestation and Rehabilitation of Imperata Grasslands in Southeast Asia: Identification of Priorities for Research, Education, Training and Extension
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvey,   Nigel D.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113828

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION OF NITROGEN TO CORN FIELDS: ROLE OF VARIABILITY AND WEATHER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: English,   Burton C.; Mahajanashetti,   S.B.; Roberts,   Roland K.
The use of meta-response functions based on EPIC-generated data resulted in comparisons between variable (VRAT) and uniform rate application technologies for 36 simulated fields.  VRAT was more profitable and less nitrogen was lost to the environment in most cases.   When spatial variability was small, uniform rate application techniques were adopted.   However, when nitrogen use is restricted, VRAT is used on all simulated fields.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision farming; Site-specific farming; Spatial variability; Nitrogen restriction; Rainfall; EPIC; Crop growth simulation model; Meta-response functions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21533

Centre Commissioned External Review (CCER) of the IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   Jacob J.; Joshi,   Deep; Chopra,   Ravi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Research projects; Project appraisal; Financing; Institutional development; Evaluation; Water policy; Water management; Irrigation management; Groundwater; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92021

PERSPECTIVE ON THE "GREEN REVOLUTION" IN ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13968

SOCIALLY EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF GM AND NON-GM CROPS UNDER CONTAMINATION RISK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarmiento,   Camilo.
This paper develops a model of optimal allocation of GM and non-GM crops under contamination risk. The model is used to compare the producer optimal crop allocation at equilibrium to the social efficient crop allocation.  From the socially optimum conditions, the paper identifies production environments under which GM crops are more likely to be overplanted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21954

Introduction of New Technologies in Agriculture: A Study of the Challenges in the Adoption of Hybrid Rice in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khandker,   Varsha; Gandhi,   Vasant P.
Rice is India’s number one foodgrain and is crucial to its food security. Raising its production with increasing demand and escalating commodity prices is a major challenge. The promising hybrid rice technology, despite its success in neighboring China and Bangladesh, has faced serious difficulties in India. The study examines the complexities in the introduction and adoption behavior of hybrid rice. It develops a conceptual framework to understand the adoption which includes technological, economic, behavioral, market and policy factors. The research uses secondary data, interviews, and primary farmer sample surveys to explore and test the conceptual model. Preliminary specific findings on the processes, determinants and challenges in the adoption of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124325

Managing Sustainability and Export Risks: The Case of Tasmanian Southern Rock Lobster
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dentoni,   Domenico.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Lobster; Tasmania; China; Sustainability; Export; Case study.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103908

Controlling in the Conditions of Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chrenkova,   Iveta.
The paper deals with the issue of controlling the Agriculture of the Czech Republic, using methods of activity-based costing. The basic premise of knowledge is based on a given topic, especially the nature of the method ABC (Activity Based Costing). The paper described the application of the ABC design method in Microsoft Excel applicable in the agricultural sector of the Czech Republic. The proposed application of the ABC method, using Microsoft Excel, is an alternative to using expensive costing ABC special software. Created ABC method application also demonstrates that if somebody wants to improve approach in the overheads management, so it can be used by using quite common user knowledge of Microsoft Excel.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Controlling; Costs; Agriculture production; Activity based costing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109734

Effects of Inclusive Village Level Public Agricultural Extension Service: Policy Reform Experiment in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hu,   Ruifa; Cai,   Yaqing; Chen,   Kevin Z.; Cui,   Ynogwei; Huang,   Jikun.
The top down public agricultural extension system in China and its early reforms during the 1990’s has left millions of farmers without access to extension services. An inclusive agricultural extension system was introduced in 2005 to better meet the diverse technology needs of small farmers.  Three key features of the experiment are 1) inclusion of all farmers as target beneficiaries, 2) effective identification of farmers’ technology needs, and 3) establishment of an accountability system to provide better agricultural advisory services to small farmers. This paper describes design of the reform initiative and examines its effect on small farmers’ access to extension services.  Based on the data randomly collected from 950 farmers in six counties from...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Extension; Farmers’ Technology Needs; An Accountability System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51902

Economic impacts of high labour cost and herbicide resistance for the management of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice production in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beltran,   Jesusa C.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.
Implications of increasing labour cost and development of herbicide resistance for profitable weed management in Philippine rice farming systems are investigated. The study employs RIMPhil (Resistance and Integrated Management in the Philippines), a bioeconomic simulation model developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of integrated weed management programmes for the control of annual barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in rice crops. Results indicate that herbicide application will become increasingly economically attractive, relative to manual weeding, as labour cost increases. This is important since urban migration in the Philippines continues to increase the scarcity of rural labour. Results also show that the onset of herbicide resistance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Barnyardgrass; Bioeconomic model; Herbicide resistance; Integrated weed management; Rice production; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108770

Factors Affecting Biotechnology Innovation in Canada: Analysis of the 2001 Biotechnology Use and Development Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Moorsel,   Daryl; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Sparling,   David.
Advancement in biotechnology requires continued innovative activity by firms.  To grow, biotechnology firms must understand the factors affecting their innovative activity.  Such understanding also informs policy makers, and supports the development of policies promoting one's biotechnology sector.  This study explores factors which determine innovative activity within the Canadian biotechnology industry.  Innovative activity is measured as the natural log of the number of products/processes a firm has at different stages of the innovation spectrum.  A model is developed to regress this measure on several determinants of innovation.  Significant drivers of innovation include: collaborative arrangements, transfer of intellectual property, firm size and age,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Biotechnology; Canada; Agriculture; Food; Human health; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34121

Impediments to Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Scale Maize Milling Enterprises in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orefi,   Abu.
The maize milling industry is highly characterised by continuous growth in maize milling and retailing margins in real terms (Traub and Jayne, 2004) despite the benefits and opportunities brought about by the deregulation of the South African maize market in 1997. This may be indicative of the inability of small and medium-scale maize milling enterprises (SMSMMEs) to emerge and compete with large-scale maize millers. This paper examines the constraints faced by SMSMMEs in South Africa. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Millers were asked to identify the various challenges facing their enterprises. Some key constraints identified were; high transport costs, high maize prices, brand name establishment and government policies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Enterprises; Maize; Milling; South Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52123

Increased efficiency of straw utilisation by cattle and buffalo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   P.S.
The Australian Centre of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has sponsored several research projects with the aim of increasing the efficiency of straw utilisation by cattle and buffaloes in some Australian and Indian situations. These projects involved research on upgrading technology and field testing specific feed formulations to determine their impact on improving livestock production in India. This report contains an economic assessment of three interrelated projects supported by ACIAR over a period of nine years, starting 1983–84. Apart from validating the feasibility of improving the efficiency of strawbased diets through strategic supplements, the projects under review had played a significant role in the commercial introduction of urea...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Cattle; Buffalo; Straw; Feed; Australia; India; Efficiency; Livestock production; Economic assessment; Urea molasses blocks; Bypass protein feed; Dairy; Milk; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47191

Principaux facteurs qui affectent l’état nutritionnel et de santé des enfants exposés à l’aflatoxine au Bénin: Application du model Probit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allomasso,   R.; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Glitho,   I.; Hell,   Kerstin.
Une enquête diagnostique a été conduite en zones agro-écologiques côtière et guinéenne du Bénin pour évaluer le niveau d’exposition à l’aflatoxine d’origine alimentaire et l’état nutritionnel et de santé des enfants de moins de 5 ans. La régression multiple et une analyse économétrique (Probit) ont été effectuées pour identifie les principaux facteurs qui affectent l’état nutritionnel et de santé de ces enfants. Les résultats de l’analyse du sang montrent que presque tous les enfants (99%) sont testés positifs à l’aflatoxine avec un taux moyen de concentration de 0,56 pg/ml de sang. Les principaux facteurs socioéconomiques dont le revenu hebdomadaire du ménage, la superficie de culture emblavée et le niveau d’éducation formelle font diminuer la...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Facteurs; Aflatoxine; Santé; État nutritionnel; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52212

Impact of ICRISAT Research on Australian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Bantilan,   Ma Cynthia S.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28006

Economic development then and now
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelman,   Irma; Lohmoller,   Jan B.; M,   Cynthia T.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Development economic; Industrialization; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120857

More Gloom than Doom about Micro-computers for Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.; Hardaker,   J. Brian.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12520

Agrinet – Taking Technology to the Countryside
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warren,   Martyn.
For many years, the literature concerning agricultural knowledge transfer has emphasised the importance of using processes designed around the needs of the target population, rather than those of the providers. This paper reports on the AgriNet project in South West England, whose essential feature was the use of minibuses converted into mobile computer facilities. This enabled the project team to take training in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to even the most remote rural areas in the region, parking in farmyards, pub carparks, and at village halls. Working closely with various community groups, especially Young Farmers Clubs, the project acquired another 80 laptops and created a ‘cascading’ process in parallel with its use of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6964

SOURCES OF DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF RETURN TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH BETWEEN COUNTRIES: SOME GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14210

Agricultural Research in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Vernon B.; Moomaw,   James C.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8437

SPILLOVERS AND THE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR POTATOES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Araji,   A.A.; White,   Fred C.; Guenthner,   Joseph F.
Returns to investments in potato research were estimated for the United States and six subregions. The study combines time-series and cross-sectional data to estimate the supply response for potatoes. Two research variables, research within the state and within the region, were included as exogenous variables to identify spillovers of research results.  The rate of return to investments in potato research in the U.S. is estimated at 79%. Of this, 31% accrues to states conducting the research and 69% is accounted for by the spillover effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30775

Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suri,   Tavneet.
This paper examines a well known empirical puzzle in the literature on technology adoption: despite the potential of technologies to increase returns dramatically, a significant fraction of households do not use these technologies. I study the use of hybrid maize and fertilizer in Kenya, where there are persistent cross-sectional differences in aggregate adoption rates with a large fraction of households switching in and out of adoption. By allowing for selection of farmers into technology use via comparative advantage differences, I examine whether the yield returns to adopting hybrid maize vary across farmers. If so, high average returns can coexist with low returns for the marginal farmer. My findings indicate the existence of two interesting subgroups...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28445

REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chattopadhyay,   Anasuya; Horbulyk,   Theodore M.
Game theory and numerical simulation are used to analyze government's role in regulating IPRs for agricultural biotechnology in a developing country.  An imported variety brings productivity gains and a negative externality.  The relative effectiveness of corrective taxes or subsidies depends upon whether there is full enforcement of the IPRs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22121

What is the economic cost of climate change?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economic analysis; Greenhouse effect; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46999

The Cost of Biotechnology Regulation in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Jessica C.; Norton,   George W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin.
This paper identifies direct costs and opportunity costs of bio-safety regulation for four transgenic products in the Philippines: Bt eggplant, Bt rice, ringspot-virus resistant papaya, and virus resistant tomatoes. It finds that direct regulatory costs while significant, are generally smaller than the research costs for technology development. However, both research and regulatory costs are overshadowed by even a relatively brief delay in product release, which may occur due to unexpected regulatory delays.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6507

Evaluation of data box introduction process in the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jarolimek,   Jan; Vanek,   Jiri; Cervenkova,   Eva; Smiskova,   Vanek.
One of base building stones of eGovernment development in the Czech Republic is so called Data boxes which were introduced to unify communication and to increase efficiency in public administration. The aim of a study carried out by the Department of Information Technologies was to analyze the implementation procedure and to use data boxes. The questioning took place in December 2009, i.e. c.6 weeks after introduction of duty to use a data box.  Obtained results are important above all because the development process of eGovernment still does not end. The suggestion from data box implementation can significantly facilitate introduction of basic registers and other applications.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EGovernment; Data box; 300/2008 Col.; 111/2009 Col.; Basic registeres; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96867

Developing Farmer Focus Groups as a Knowledge Transfer Mechanism: A Practical Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barriball,   Keith; Byles,   Sharon; Biddick,   Laura.
The use of farmer focus groups is discussed as a mechanism for effective knowledge transfer activity, and the functionality of the focus farm contrasted with that of the demonstration farm. Key qualities of focus farmers and the essential characteristics of focus groups are summarised, as portrayed by four different stakeholder groups. Benchmarking, as a means of identifying and sharing good practice within the groups is also highlighted within the knowledge transfer mechanism.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmer Focus Group; Demonstration Farm; Benchmarking; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24249

Impact of Microelectronics on Agriculture as Related to Research and Development and Extension
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josephson,   Rea M.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124300

The Nature and Extent of Innovation in the Canadian Food Processing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonti-Ankomah,   Samuel.
Innovation is considered one of the critical determinants for improved competitiveness and economic performance of the food processing industry, if Canada is to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing global food market and to exploit niche markets for products and remain competitive in the long run. The report provides useful information about innovation in the food processing industry by examining the nature and extent of innovation, drivers behind its implementation, the challenges facing innovating establishments and the significance of support services. The report shows that the tendency of establishments to conduct R&amp;D or innovate may be influenced by their characteristics, and there are several challenges to innovation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Processing; Product innovation; Process innovation; Research and Development; Innovation impediments; Collaboration; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52701

EVALUATION OF FIVE EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES FOR MAIZE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menz,   Kenneth M.; Neumeyer,   Catherine F.
Scientists were surveyed as part of as assessment of five emerging biotechnologies which are potentially applicable to commercial U.S. maize production by the year 2000. The largest gains expected by scientists were from plant growth regulators, followed by photosynthetic enhancement, cell or tissue culture and biological nitrogen fixation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14120

Structural Change in Transition Economies: Does Foreign Aid Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fardmanesh,   Mohsen; Tan,   Li.
This paper addresses whether the initial declines in the manufacturing and real wages in transition economies were anything unexpected to justify policy reversal, and whether the “often-recommended” foreign aid would have helped them curb these declines in any significant way. It answers these questions with the help of a two-sector three-factor small open economy model and simulation exercises. It concludes that, given the relative price distortions and the market disequilibria that transition economies inherited from their planning era, the initial declines in their manufacturing and real wages are to be mostly expected. Foreign aid, whose impact is noticeable only when it is in excess of 5% of GDP, does not curb the decline in their real wages in any...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Structural adjustment; Transition economies; East European economies; Soviet Republics; Foreign aid; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; P2.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56754

CIMMYT's Formal Training Activities: Perceptions of Impact from Former Trainees, NARS Research Leaders, and CIMMYT Scientists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooksy,   Leslie J.; Arellano,   Elias.
This report provides information on the impact of CIMMYT training, based on a set of background interviews with center staff, reviews of relevant data and documents provided by CIMMYT, and two surveys: one of research leaders in trainees’ countries of origin and one of participants in CIMMYT courses on maize and wheat improvement, quality protein maize, soil-borne pathogens of cereals, and maize stress breeding during 2002-04. Evidence indicates that training provided by CIMMYT not only furnishes new knowledge and skills, but results in new ways of thinking about research and new research partnerships, is often shared within trainees’ home institutions, and changes the way the institutions work. The evidence in this study establishes the existence of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Training programmes; Training courses; Education; Extension; Agricultural research; Diffusion of research; Evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C10; A50.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56101

Marktstruktur und Preisbildung auf dem ukrainischen Markt für Rohmilch
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perekhozhuk,   Oleksandr.
Transition from the planned to the market economy involved profound changes in Ukrainian economy. Before the liberalization of prices in 1992, milk processing in Ukraine was concentrated in regionally distributed large state milk processing factories. In the meantime, the dairy sector has been privatized. However, the emerging privatization forms were heterogeneous. That is why different kinds of market conduct and, consequently, market performance can be expected, depending on ownership and incentive structures involved. Particular macroeconomic conditions have led to agricultural farms and milk processing factories dragging in conformation to the new situation. The necessary economic reorganization has caused a considerable decrease in milk production....
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92322

Searching for an Environmental Kuznets Curve in Carbon Dioxide Pollutant in Latin American Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poudel,   Biswo N.; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Bhattarai,   Keshav.
This study utilized a semiparametric panel model to estimate environmental Kuznets curves (EKC) for carbon dioxide (CO2) in 15 Latin American countries, using hitherto unused data on forestry acreage in each country. Results showed an N-shaped curve for the region; however, the shape of the curve is sensitive to the removal of some groups of countries. Specification tests support a semiparametric panel model over a parametric quadratic specification.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CO2; Forest acreage; Environmental Kuznets curve; Latin American countries; Semiparametric regression model; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; C33; Q23; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48759

The Role of ICT-based Market Information Services in Spatial Food Market Integration: The Case of Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Katengeza,   Samson P.; Mangisoni,   Julius H.; Okello,   Julius Juma.
The government of Malawi in 2004 initiated an ICT-based Malawi Agricultural Commodity Exchange (MACE), a market information service project, to improve access by farmers to market information. MACE was intended to improve the efficiency of agricultural markets as part of the strategy to improve food security. This study uses quantitative methods to examine whether MACE has contributed to efficiency of rice markets in Malawi. It especially tests if MACE has contributed to spatial integration of rice markets. As hypothesized, the study finds that the tendency of rice prices to move together in spatially separated markets has significantly increased since the implementation of MACE. It concludes that ICT-based market information services improve the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: ICT-based intervention; Market information service; Market integration; Rice; Malawi; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96170

PLANT VARIETIES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INNOVATION IN UK AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   Chittur S.; Crost,   Benjamin.
Starting with a brief overview of trends in plant variety protection (PVP) in the UK since inception of PVP legislation, this paper assesses the strength of incentives for innovation provided by the PVP regime. We modify and extend models from the patent literature that attempt to infer the private value of innovations from the behaviour of titleholders in relation to the annual renewal of protection. Our results suggest that the average private return to protection from new wheat varieties is fairly modest and that the distribution of these returns is highly skewed. This implies that a large proportion of PVP certificates have very little economic value. The move towards stronger forms of protection for plant variety innovations and the (successful)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7987

Agricultural R&amp;D Policy: A Tragedy of the International Commons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Jennifer S.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/10/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43094

Industrial innovation and economic policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Titkov,   Alexey; Ernazarov,   Tahir.
The author outlines the ways how to activate industrial innovation policies of governmental institutions, such as Development Bank of Kazakhstan, Investment Fund of Kazakhstan and National Innovation Fund.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industrial innovation and economic policy; Resource-based economy; Modernization; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94530

Priorities and Principles for Investment in Aquaculture Research by NSW Department of Primary Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   Trevor S.; Allan,   Geoff L.; File,   Geoff; Mullen,   John D.; Scott-Orr,   Helen.
This review examined the characteristics of the main aquaculture industries in NSW with respect to current impediments to growth, market development and future opportunities. Within this context, it examined the nature, funding and impacts of the NSW Department of Primary Industries’ current and proposed investments in aquaculture R&amp;D and industry development, as well as its alignment with DPI and industry priorities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Research evaluation; Public good; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37665

Entrepreneuring Scientists Influence Research Program as they Select Research to Propose
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramsdale,   Janelle; Paulsen,   Arnold.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49065

Policy for Plenty: measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger.
This paper suggests practical methods for assessing policy research programs, both ex post and ex ante. Measuring the benefits of policy research is difficult: the path of causation between research and policy change is nearly always uncertain; multiple factors influence any particular policy change; policies are diverse in nature as are their intended and actual effects; and some effects of policy research are not priced in the market. Many of the benefits of changes in policy stem from the reduced cost of welfare-improving institutional change. Economic surplus analysis can be used to assess such changes. In some cases, Bayesian decision theory may be helpful in evaluating policy research, although it is usually difficult to obtain estimates of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48289

SOURCES OF TECHNICAL CHANGE: INDUCED INNOVATION, EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND PATH DEPENDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The 1960s through the 1980s were very productive of new theory and empirical insight into the sources of technical change.  In this  paper I argue that each of the three approaches that have been  advanced--induced technical change, evolutionary theory and path dependence--is approaching a dead end.  The induced technical change process is driven by changes in the economic environment in which the firm (or public research agency) finds itself.  But its internal mechanism, the learning and search process, remain inside a black box.  The evolutionary model builds on the behavioral theory of the firm in an attempt to provide a more realistic description of the internal workings of the black box.  The strength of the path dependence interpretation lies in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12974

GREEN MANAGEMENT AND THE NATURE OF TECHNICAL INNOVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deltas,   George; Harrington,   Donna Ramirez; Khanna,   Madhu.
Innovation is a key component of a firm's strategy to improve market competitiveness and operational efficiency as well as to respond effectively to changing consumer preferences and regulations. A firm has the choice of undertaking different types of innovations that differ in the extent to which they involve changes in products, processes or practices and lead to gains in efficiency or brand image. We postulate that the extent and nature of innovation undertaken by a firm depends on its management system which not only influences its organizational structure, but also the incentives for making continual improvement in its technical capabilities, the extent of employee involvement in decision making and the internal communication channels for information...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34185

CONGRUENCE OF THE HATCH FUNDED REGIONAL RESEARCH PORTFOLIO WITH NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
The major focus of this report is on evaluation of the extent to which the allocation of regional research funding support, particularly the allocation of Hatch Regional Research Funds (RRF), is congruent with national and regional research priorities.  Other objectives are to evaluate the appropriate duration of regional research projects and to recommend a process for the selection and development of National Research Projects (NRPs) and National Research Support Projects (NRSPs).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13811

PRIVATE R&amp;D INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURE: THE ROLE OF INCENTIVES AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfranca,   Oscar; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper presents econometric evidence of the effects of  economic incentives and institutions on national aggregate private agricultural R&amp;D investments.  A model is proposed and fitted to annual data for seven European Union countries, 1984-1995.  We find strong impacts of both incentives and institutions on private agricultural R&amp;D investment, and including institutional factors strengthens the story and in some cases changes greatly the results. In particular, we reject the hypothesis that quality of property rights does not matter.  We find that stronger contract enforcement, more efficient public bureaucracies, and stronger patent rights lead to larger aggregate private agricultural R&amp;D investment, other things equal.  Furthermore, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Private R&amp;D; Incentives; Institutions; Property rights; European Union; Agriculture; Spillovers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18246

Balanced Scorecard in Serbia: management innovation or rhetoric game
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogicevic,   Jasmina; Domanovic,   Violeta.
In performance measurement and management literature, the Balanced Scorecard is the most prominent model. It can be considered as effectiveness measurement, efficiency measurement or performance measurement model. The Balanced Scorecard is one of the newest management innovations and it is in focus of contemporary researchers’ attention in management innovation area. The question is if it is something real new in its essence, or just rhetoric came. This paper considers this issue in Serbia, especially.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Balanced Scorecard; Performance evaluation; Accounting data.; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94587

THE SYSTEMS APPROACH -- RESEARCH OR RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parvin,   David W., Jr.; Tyner,   Fred H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29814

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF BT MAIZE IN KENYA USING A GIS BASED MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Groote,   Hugo; Overholt,   William; Ouma,   James Okuro; Mugo,   Stephen.
The Insect Resistant Maize for Africa (IRMA) project  is currently developing Bt maize for Kenya. So far, Bt genes with resistance to Chilo partellus, Chilo orichalcociliellus, Eldana Sacharina, and Sesamia calamistis, four of the five major stemborers were successfully incorporated into elite CIMMYT maize inbred line (CML216) and tested in insect bioassays in Kenya. Participatory Rural Appraisals showed that stem borers are indeed a major pest problems for farmers. Four seasons of on-farm crop loss assessment showed an average crop loss of 13.5%, or 0.4 million tons, valued at US$ 80 million. If the project manages to find a Bt gene that is effective to the fifth stemborer, Busseola fusca, adoption rates are likely to be high, and therefore the returns....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Africa; Genetically Modified Crops; Bt crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25854

AN EVALUATION OF RESEARCH NEEDS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hildreth,   R.J.; Robinson,   Roland R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29858

PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION - POLICY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hildreth,   R.J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17593

Impacts of irrigation on inland fisheries: Appraisals in Laos and Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen-Khoa,   Sophie; Smith,   Laurence; Lorenzen,   Kai.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Irrigation effects; Assessment; Social aspects; Villages; Irrigation programs; Lagoons; Drainage; Households; Rice; Case studies; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92824

CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF U.S. RESIDENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilling,   Brian J.; Hallman,   William K.; Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Marxen,   Lucas J.
A national survey conducted by the Food Policy Institute demonstrates the lack of knowledge and awareness most Americans have of genetically modified foods.  The paper provides insight into public perceptions of food biotechnology's risks and benefits and a preliminary examination of consumers' stated preferences for genetically modified  functional foods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18183

R&amp;D Spillovers: Evidence from U.S. Food Processing, Farm Machinery and Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopinath,   Munisamy; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper focuses on the private and social rates of return to R&amp;D capital in the three vertically linked sectors, primary agriculture, food processing, and farm machinery and equipment. Evidence supporting a divergence between these rates is found for primary agriculture and food processing. Using a cost function approach, the private rates of return to R&amp;D capital ranged from an average of 10.2% per annum for food processing to 22.3% for farm machinery and equipment. In the case of agriculture, the direct return to public R&amp;D averaged 37.3% per annum. The social rates of return to R&amp;D capital in agriculture and food processing are significantly larger than the private rates due to the existence of spillovers. While the divergence between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 013; 032; Q16.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7504

R&amp;D, Innovation and Growth: Evidence from Four Manufacturing Sectors in OECD Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ulku,   Hulya.
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between R&amp;D intensity, rate of innovation and the growth rate of output in four manufacturing sectors from 17 OECD countries. The findings suggest that the knowledge stock is the main determinant of innovation in all four manufacturing sectors and that R&amp;D intensity increases innovation in the chemicals and the electrical and electronics sector. In addition, the rate of innovation has a positive effect on the growth rate of output in all sectors except for the drugs and medical sector. These results lend strong support for the non-scale endogenous growth models.    *I am grateful to Adam Jaffe for his invaluable suggestions and comments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-scale endogenous growth; R&amp;D; Patent; Innovation; Output growth; System GMM; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O14; O30; O31; O33; O41.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30542

Managing R&amp;D Risk in Renewable Energy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Papineau,   Maya.
Preliminary Draft
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research; Development; Renewable resources; Risk; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37651

ARE U.S. CONSUMERS TOLERANT OF GM FOODS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Genetically modified (GM) foods have caused many controversies.  One important controversy relates to tolerance - the impurity rate that is tolerated before a commodity must be labeled as genetically modified.  Currently, the United States does not have a specific tolerance or threshold level for GM foods.  This paper uses experimental auctions to determine consumers' acceptance of non-GM foods with zero, 1 percent, and 5 percent tolerance for genetically modified material.  Our results indicate that consumers would pay less for food that tolerates GM material, but the discount is not significantly different for foods with 1-percent and 5-percent GM content.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified (GM) foods; Contamination thresholds; Laboratory auctions; Nth-price auction; Vegetable oil; Tortilla chips; Russet potatoes; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18227

ARE BASIC SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Yin; Buccola,   Steven T.
Enhancing agricultural productivity depends greatly on the management of information flows between basic and applied research.  A framework is developed to examine the mutual relationship between molecular biological research and agricultural biotechnology innovations.  Preliminary results provide a basis for university decision-making in both the short and long run.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20575

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TRAIT COMMERCIALIZATION IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) GRAINS: THE CASE OF GM WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
The prospective commercialization of GM traits leads to several strategic questions for agbiotechnology and seed firms.  Important issues addressed in this study include the method of trait commercialization by agbiotechnology firms and variety production decisions by seed firms.  Specifically, agbiotechnology firms must decide whether to license their traits to seed firms, to purchase a seed firm, or to not license or release their traits.  These issues are highly strategic. The purpose of this study was to determine equilibrium strategies of agbiotechnology and seed firms regarding the prospective commercialization of two GM traits.  Two game theory models were developed to examine equilibrium strategies in two different scenarios.  In the first model,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23632

THE PAYOFFS TO AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marra,   Michele C.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.
Transgenic crops are relatively new technologies being adopted rapidly in the United States and in a few other countries. The economic impacts of these technologies have, thus far, been estimated in a piecemeal fashion. The purpose of this study was to collect and characterize the economic evidence available to date, organize it, and determine if any general implications can be drawn from it. The general classes of economic impacts at the farm level are discussed. The types of studies that generate estimates of these benefits are also characterized and categorized in terms of the implications for measuring economic impacts when the set of things held constant in the type of study does not correspond to those that economic theory suggests. The evidence is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Transgenic biotechnologies; Economic rates of return; Productivity; Impact assessment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16093

Ex-Ante Evaluation of Farming Systems Research in Northeastern Mali: Implications for Research and Extension Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
This paper examines the conditions that would be needed for a possible farming systems research project in the Region of Mopti (Mali) to have a significant production impact.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Farming systems research; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 13; Q16.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54698

Some Notes on 'Dynamic' Linear Programming: Comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waring,   E.J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1962
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8890

Producer Biotech Food Knowledge Differences: Findings from a Three-State Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekanem,   Enefiok P.; Muhammad,   Safdar; Mafuyai-Ekanem,   Mary; Tegegne,   Fisseha; Singh,   Surendra P.
Over the years, public opinion in the United States on agricultural biotechnology has shifted from one of extreme consumer concern to one of indifference. This paper analyzes gender, ethnic, education, age, and household-income differences in producers’' biotechnology knowledge. Mail questionnaires were used in collecting data. Responses to selected questions were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Chi-squares tests showed statistically significant differences in biotechnology knowledge among farmers who participated in the three-state survey.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26730

Impact Assessment of African Agricultural Technology Development and Transfer: Synthesis of Findings and Lessons Learned
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anandajayasekeram,   Ponniah; Masters,   William A.; Oehmke,   James F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 13.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11372

International Collaboration in Crop Improvement Research: Current Status and Future Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traxler,   Greg; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
Investments over the past 35 years have created a system of national and international research centers that has revolutionized the supply of improved cereal varieties to developing country farmers. The newly created scientific ability to exploit genetic resources has been the engine of productivity growth in much of world agriculture. But the success that has been attained in building research institutions has not touched all countries or farmers, nor can it be considered permanent. The financial and political environment of the past decade has halted the expansion of agricultural research capacity and the scarcity of research resources and evolving world intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes complicates the search for stable arrangements for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7668

PRODUCTIVITY AND LAND ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA: HEALTH, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, AND SEQUENTIAL ADOPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ersado,   Lire; Amacher,   Gregory S.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger.
The adoption of more efficient farming practices and technologies that enhance agricultural productivity and improve environmental sustainability is instrumental for achieving economic growth, food security and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa.  Our research examines the interaction between public investments, community health, and adoption of productivity and land enhancing technologies by households in the northern Ethiopian state of Tigray.  Agricultural technology adoption decisions are modeled as a sequential process where the timing of choices can matter.  We find that time spent sick and opportunity costs of caring for sick family members are significant factors in adoption.  Sickness, through its impact on household income and labor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25908

Effect of Publicly Released Quality Information for US Hard Red Winter Wheat on Mexican Millers' Welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gallardo,   Rosa Karina; Lusk,   Jayson L.; Holcomb,   Rodney B.
Entities have been providing quality related information to overseas wheat buyers as a response to the increased requests for this information. This study measures the value of information to Mexican millers. The value to Mexican millers is measured by the difference of the flour mill surplus and compensating variation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6869

The Economics of Testing for Biotech Grain: Application to StarLink Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Lin,   William W.
StarLink corn, a biotech variety not approved for human food use, disrupted the marketing system in 2000 because of inadvertent commingling.  Testing protocols have since been established for detection of StarLink in corn shipments to Japan.  Domestic food manufacturers, anxious to avoid risks of contamination and product recalls, also test for StarLink kernels.  This paper provides an overview of the economics of testing.  What are the risks facing buyers and sellers, and how are these influenced by different testing protocols?  How do market premiums and discounts, testing costs, and prior beliefs affect the incentives to test?  A conceptual model is developed in which sellers can choose whether to pre-test grain prior to shipment.  Simulation analysis...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20044

Atlantic Salmon Fishery in the Baltic Sea – A Case of Trivial Cooperation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kulmala,   Soile; Levontin,   Polina; Lindroos,   Marko; Pintassilgo,   Pedro.
This paper analyses the management of the Atlantic salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea through a coalition game in the partition function form. The signs of economic and biological over-exploitation of these salmon stocks over the last two decades indicate that cooperation among the harvesting countries, under the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy, has been superficial. Combining a two-stage game of four asymmetric players with a comprehensive bioeconomic model, we conclude that cooperation under the Relative Stability Principle is not a stable outcome. In contrast, the equilibrium of the game is non-cooperation. The paper also addresses the possibility of enhancing cooperation through more flexible fishing strategies. The results indicate that partial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Atlantic salmon; Bioeconomic model; Coalition formation; Partition function; Sharing rules; Stability analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59094

ARER Guidelines for Manuscript Submission
Provedor de dados: 31
Inside back cover
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55554

Trees and water: smallholder agroforestry on irrigated lands in Northern India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zomer,   Robert J.; Bossio,   Deborah A.; Trabucco,   Antonio; Yuanjie,   Li; Gupta,   Diwan C.; Singh,   Virendra P.
Trees are increasingly grown on-farm to supply wood and biomass needs within developing countries. Over the last several decades, within the irrigated rice-wheat growing lands of northern India, fast-growing poplar trees have been planted on tens of thousands of small farms. Recent debate regarding afforestation has raised the issue that water use is often increased when trees are planted. This ongoing debate focuses primarily on afforestation or reforestation of upland and rain-fed agricultural areas, and off-site impacts such as reduced streamflow. Adoption of poplar agroforestry in northern India, in contrast, is occurring in areas where land and water are already intensively used and managed for agricultural production. This study based on farmer...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Trees; Populus deltoids; Agroforestry; Afforestation; Reforestation; Models; Water use; Water balance; Evapotranspiration; Precipitation; Remote sensing; Irrigation requirements; India; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53067

THE ALLOCATION OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL: ADMINISTRATORS' RESPONSE TO EXPECTED RATES TO RETURN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellingson,   Dennis; Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14093

THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH LED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.; Lin,   Lin; Piesse,   Jenifer.
Twenty percent of the world population, or 1.2 billion live on less than $1 per day; 70% of these are rural and 90% in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.  Research led technological change in agriculture generates sufficient productivity growth to give high rates of return in African and Asia and has a substantial impact on poverty, currently reducing this number by 27 million per annum, whereas productivity growth in industry and services has no impact.  The per capita "cost" of poverty reduction by means of agricultural research expenditures in Africa is $144 and in Asia $180, or 50 cents per day, but this is covered by output growth.  By contrast, the per capita cost for the richer countries of Latin America is over $11,000.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Productivity; Poverty Reduction; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 011; 013; 015.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25834

Research on the Development Strategy of the Intellectual Property Right  of Agricultural Science &amp; Technology after China Accession into the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Zhiben.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31940

THE USE OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS, INCLUDING ELECTRONIC MARKETING, IN THE PRODUCE BROKER INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DiAntonio,   Angelo E.; Toensmeyer,   Ulrich C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26917

Use of information technology in South African agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ortmann,   Gerald F.
Rapid developments in information technology have exposed South African farmers to the potential benefits of using these technologies in farm decision-making. Use of computers on South African commercial farms is increasing, with three studies showing adoption rates of 48 percent (1993), 64 percent (1996) and 72 percent (1998). About 38 percent of computer users in a 1998 survey of commercial maize farmers had access to the Internet. Spreadsheets and financial management software are popular amongst commercial farmers, while use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are being used more widely in South African agriculture. Small-scale farmers in developing areas rely mainly on government and private industry extension...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54195

Alternative to Disincentive Rice Producer Prices in Madagascar: Case Study in Alaotra Prefecture and Bongolava Prefecture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ralandison,   Tsilavo; Shiratake,   Yoshiharu.
This study identifies the reasons for low producer prices of rice that have not covered its production costs for many years in Madagascar. The following points will be discussed: the farmers’ marketing conditions and the rural rice market structure, including the functions of each intervening trader preceding rice distribution in urban centers. The study also assesses current functions of the agricultural farmer cooperative: an organization expected to enable the establishment of fair trade in the domestic rice market. The data come from interviews conducted with 120 farmers, 20 traders, and the survey of the overall cooperative associations in two prefectures and main rice suppliers of the capital city. The analysis reveals that farmers were often...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Madagascar; Markets; Rice; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52005

The Coase Theorem, or the Coasian Lens? An Application to GMO Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   James N.; James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
We develop a property rights-transaction costs framework called the Coasian Lens (CL).  We argue the CL captures Coase's seminal ideas (1937; 1960) more closely than the Coase Theorem.  We use the CL to examine how regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may affect contract structures in the global agri-food chain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34640

ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY:  A CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussen,   Ahmed M.
Over the years, several have assessed the impacts of changes in agricultural technology. In most studies, the emphasis has been on evaluating the economic impacts of technology. In most studies, the emphasis has been on evaluating the economic impacts of technological change with little consideration of the secondary and tertiary distributional impacts of such change. This article uses partial equilibrium analysis to estimate the gross and net social rates of return arising from proposed mechanization of strawberry harvesting in Oregon. The discussion considers other factors not explicitly accounted for in the economic model, (e.g., social and technical) but which are likely to have repercussions on the estimated social rates of return.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32299

The Structure and Economic Impact of R&amp;D Organisation in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Robin.
R&amp;D spending in New Zealand is a mixture of private and public investment undertaken to improve productive activity and efficiency. Investment is split fairly equally between private business, government organisations and the universities. It is a long term investment with some uncertainty about outcomes being achieved. It is predominantly a public good investment as most government organisations and universities are providers of R&amp;D but not users of it and hence there is a discontinuity in the connection between investment and results. Furthurmore, the supply of R&amp;D has properties of a free good which lead to users looking for new applications on a wider and wider front (spillovers). For these reasons R&amp;D is generally regarded as a `good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Investment; R&amp;D Expenditure; Social Benefits; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98521

Nonparametric measures of the impact of public research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Thomas L.; Mullen,   John D.; Hu,   Wensheng.
Nonparametric methods are used to measure the impact of public research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture over the 1953–94 period. Results using both unrestricted and 30‐year lagged specifications of the research impacts on productivity suggest that while certain aspects of the nonparametric multi‐input/output technologies are quite robust to alternative specifications (in particular, the associated Malmquist total factor productivity indexes), other aspects are less stable (in particular, the indexes on input and, to a lesser extent, output biased technical change). Internal rates of return to research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture are estimated to be in the 12 per cent to 20 per cent range.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118046

Production Outsourcing, Organizational Governance and Firm's Technological Performance: Evidence from Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonietti,   Roberto; Cainelli,   Giulio.
Aim of this paper is to study whether and how the firm’s decision to outsource production activities affects its technological performance. In particular, we look at how the alignment between the firm’s governance strategy and the underlying attributes of the transactions affects the capacity of the firm to introduce new products and processes. Using microeconomic data on a repeated cross-section of Italian manufacturing firms for the period 1998-2003, we develop a two-stage approach: first, we estimate the determinants of the firm’s organizational governance (production outsourcing); second, we incorporate a measure of governance misalignment into a technological performance relation. We find (i) that firms not aligned with the optimal organizational...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Outsourcing; Organizational Governance; Misalignment; Technological Performance; Non-Linearity; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L23; L24; L25; O31.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9553

Biotechnology and its Implications for ACIAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarma,   Vimala.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113903

A SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE TOPMARD CORE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Thomas G.; Bryden,   John Marshall; Refsgaard,   Karen; Alva Lizarraga,   Sara.
The goal of the TOPMARD project is to develop a model of agriculture and rural development to better understand the agronomic, ecological, economic and social dimensions of rural regions. The resulting model, (Policy Model of Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development) was built collaboratively and hierarchically by the research teams from the 11 countries. The model features eight subsectors (Land, Agriculture, Tourism, Region, Human Resources, Non-commodities, Capital, and Quality of Life). Imbedded in the model are a complete dynamic input-output model, and an agecohort education demographic model. The model has both supply-side and demand-side drivers. Land use is the key supply-side driver. Land use, coupled with production system choices,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; System dynamics; Policy; Model; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6497

The Effect of Technology on the U.S. Grain Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forker,   Olan D.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121534

Politiques D’ajustement Et Securite Alimentaire En Afrique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mulubay,   Fidele Tshingombe.
Dans la majorité des pays africains, les stratégies mises en place ,ces dernières années, pour réaliser  l’objectif de sécurité alimentaire,  se sont inscrites dans la ligne de pensée des politiques d’ajustement sous monitoring  des Institutions Financières Internationales et qui, au fil des années , ont pris différentes formes en passant de la version PAS à la version DSCRP. La présente étude, qui se base sur l’expérience congolaise, vise dans un premier temps à analyser l’impact que peut avoir ce type des politiques sur la réalisation de la sécurité alimentaire nationale, et dans un second temps de prospecter une politique alternative qui permettrait au pays de tirer bénéfice de la prospérité mondiale pour mieux concourir à la réalisation de la sécurité...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52214

CONSUMER FOOD SHOPPING BY COMPUTERS IN THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brock,   James; Welsh,   Robert S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26932

WILL BIOTECHNOLOGY LEAD TO MORE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonny,   Sylvie.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26017

PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY RESIDENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   William K.; Metcalfe,   Jennifer.
Biotechnology is expected to produce significant economic and environmental benefits as a result of the development of new varieties of plants and animals and improved agricultural productivity. Seen by many as a key technology for the 21st century, and as an economic stimulus for the State of New Jersey and for the Nation, biotechnology has been the subject of intense scientific and public debate. Yet, while experts and activists continue to argue, genetic engineering techniques are already leading to agricultural products that may soon be on supermarket shelves.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18170

EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY GAINS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOTECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT: THE CASE OF KIWIFRUIT IN NEW ZEALAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bohorova,   Svetlana; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25995

Use of Simulation Models to Study the Dynamic of Recall of Non-Conform Perishable Produce through the Supply Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busato,   Patrizia; Berruto,   Remigio.
The traceability allows, for each product, to sketch the manufacturing process through a system documentary, enabling to identify the operational structures involved, the products and the lots, to define the flows of production, packaging and distribution. There are researches that investigate the traceability within the firm, but little work has been carried out on the investigation of the traceability system over the whole supply chain. The supply-chain of fresh produce is constituted of many links: producer/grower, warehouse, packing centre, distribution centre, retailers and finally the consumer. Each of these is a system itself that interacts with the other components of the supply-chain. The non-conformity could occurs in each of these links. Because...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Logistics; Dynamic simulation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59196

JOINT ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES: A DUAL, LATENT DEMAND APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Strand,   Ivar E., Jr.
Latent demand models can be used to overcome computational difficulties that frequently hamper empirical evaluation of relatedness in the adoption of multiple technologies.  This paper develops and applies such an approach to a case involving agricultural soil and water conservation.  The results indicate both complementarity and substitution.  Own-price elasticities of demand for all technologies and cross-price elasticities of demand for related technologies are substantial.  The results are used to derive implications for the design and implementation of cost sharing programs, which have been one of the primary policies used to address nonpoint source agricultural water pollution problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28566

SLOW MAGIC: AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D A CENTURY AFTER MENDEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16591

Safety and Socio-Economic Issues Raised by Modern Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xue,   Dayuan; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Modern new biotechnology has the potential to provide major economic and other benefits, but at the same time it poses potential hazards for human health, the environment, the ‘natural’ biological order and can have adverse socio-economic consequences.  The application of such technology frequently violates traditional ethical, moral and religious values.  This paper after outlining possible benefits of modern new biotechnologies, discusses the type of biosafety risks which they pose, their possible adverse consequences for the sustainability of biodiversity and agriculture and their potential impacts on socioeconomic welfare and traditional cultures.  Particular concern is expressed about the possible consequences of such technologies for developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Socio-economic policy; Genetic engineering; Biodiversity; Biosafety; Patents; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47995

Sharing Science, Building Bridges, and Enhancing Impact: Public–Private Partnerships in the CGIAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Hartwich,   Frank; von Grebmer,   Klaus.
This study, which examines the role of public–private partnerships in international agricultural research, is intended to provide policymakers, research managers, and business decision-makers with an understanding of how such partnerships operate and how they potentially contribute to food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. The study examines public–private partnerships in light of persistent market failure, institutional constraints, and systemic weaknesses, which impede the exchange of potentially pro-poor knowledge and technology. The study focuses on three key issues: whether public–private partnerships contribute to reducing the cost of research, whether they add value to research by facilitating innovation, and whether they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural R&amp;D; CGIAR; Innovation; Public–private partnerships; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42405

GENETICALLY MODIFIED COTTON IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE SOLUTION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hofs,   J.L.; Kirsten,   Johann F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18045

Privatising agricultural R&amp;D, an example from the South African sugar industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nieuwoudt,   T.W.; Nieuwoudt,   W. Lieb.
Given demands on public funding, the question arises whether agricultural research should be the responsibility of the public or private sectors, or whether the state should play a facilitating role. These issues are studied using the management and success of R&amp;D in the South African Sugar Industry as an example. The usual answer is that research should be publicly funded if it is a public good and privately funded if a private good. It is shown that even if aspects of research have clear public good characteristics, then it is still possible to internalise externalities. Sugar cane farmers pay a levy of about 1.0% of the value of the crop to finance their R&amp;D package, which includes research, training and extension. The sugar growers decide on...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9487

Evaluating the Role of Migration on Technical Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Glazyrina,   Anna; Shaik,   Saleem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Technical Efficiency measures; DEA; Hyperbolic distance function; World-wide countries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98911

Scoping the History of Economics in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hawke,   Gary; Lattimore,   Ralph G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98518

UK parliamentary inquiry into global food crisis: call for evidence: How to better manage water so that 9 billion people can be fed equitably, healthily, safely and sustainably by 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chartres,   Colin J.
Invited submission from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) to the United Kingdom Parliament on 2 June 2009.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research institutes; Agricultural research; Policy; Water resource management; Irrigated farming; Rainfed farming; Farming systems; Food security; Water productivity; Water scarcity; Population growth; Water reuse; Food production; Water use; Biofuels; Urbanization; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91800

DAM EA$Y:  A Framework for Assessing the Costs and Benefits of On-Farm Storage Based Sugarcane Production Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Lisa E.; Lisson,   Shaun N.; Bristow,   Keith L.; Schuurs,   Mark; Linedale,   Tony; Smith,   Mike; Hughes,   Dene; Keating,   Brian.
Sugarcane farmers in many districts are considering on-farm water storages (OFWS’s) as a means of countering ongoing water shortages. OFWS’s are attractive because they can be used to capture runoff and tailwater, and for the temporary storage of surplus water from other irrigation sources (eg allocation, out of allocation, water harvesting etc), thereby providing increased flexibility in managing limited water supplies. The decision to invest in such storages is, however, complex and multi-facetted, requiring assessment of a range of biophysical, economic, legislative and social factors. Computer-based simulation models can potentially capture many of these factors and their interactions, and hence, can play a useful decision support role. In this paper,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop growth simulation modelling; On-farm water storage; Irrigation; Sugarcane; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123614

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND POVERTY REDUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16233

Intellectual Property Rights on Research Tools: Incentives or Barriers to Innovation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Naseem,   Anwar.
This paper examines the role of patents in the development and use of two platform technologies for plant biotechnology - – plant transformation techniques and structural genomics. We find that patents were important in inducing private firms to develop these platform technologies. There development led to the commercialization of more GM varieties, more rapidly than would have been the case otherwise.  We did identify a number of examples of GM varieties that were slowed down by the patents on tools.  However, our preliminary assessment of the evidence suggests that the benefits from patents on tools outweigh the costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19554

IMPACT VAN BIOTECHNOLOGIE IN EUROPA: DE EERSTE VIER JAAR BT MAIS ADOPTIE IN SPANJE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Deloof,   Frederik; Tollens,   Eric.
In the present paper we estimate the impact of a biotechnology innovation in Spanish agriculture.  Transgenic Bt maize offers the potential to control corn borers, that cause economically important losses in Spanish maize cultivation, more efficiently.  Since 1998, Syngenta commercializes the varieties ‘'Compa CB'’ and ‘'Jordi CB’', equivalent to an annual area of 20.000 ha, or an average adoption rate of 5,2% of Spain’'s total land allocation to maize.  The profit increase engendered by this technological change during the four-year period 1998-2001 is estimated to be 8,7 million E for Spanish agriculture and 2,8 million E for Syngenta and the seed suppliers.  The industry appears to be able to extract only one fourth of the total benefits.  The lion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31842

China's GMO and Adoption of New Technology (Power Point Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33386

INNOVATION DYNAMICS AND OPTIMAL LICENSING STRATEGIES IN THE AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Marks,   Leonie A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26013

Agricultural Patents: Are They Developing Bad Habits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93697

The Sixth Framework Program as an Affiliation Network: Representation and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Billand,   Pascal; Frachisse,   David; Massard,   Nadine.
In this paper, we compare two different representations of Framework Programs as affiliation network: “One-mode networks”' and “Two-mode networks”'. The aim of this article is to show that the choice of the representation has an impact on the analysis of the networks and on the results of the analysis. In order to support our proposals, we present two forms of representation and different indicators used in the analysis. We study the network of the 6th  Framework Program using the two forms of representation. In particular, we show that the identification of the central nodes is sensitive to the chosen representation. Furthermore, the nodes forming the core of the network vary according to the representation. These differences of results are important as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Affiliation Network; Innovation Policies; Centrality; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 031; 038; L14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6217

CONSUMPTION EFFECTS OF GENETIC MODIFICATION: WHAT IF CONSUMERS ARE RIGHT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Fulton,   Murray E.
This paper develops a model of differentiated consumers to examine the consumption effects of genetic modification (GM) under alternative labeling regimes and segregation enforcement scenarios. Analytical results show that if consumers perceive GM products as being different than their traditional counterparts, genetic modification affects consumer welfare and, thus, consumption decisions. When the existence of market imperfections in one or more stages of the supply chain prevents the transmission of cost savings associated with the new technology to consumers, genetic modification results in welfare losses for consumers. The analysis shows that the relative welfare ranking of the “no labeling” and “mandatory labeling” regimes depends on: (i) the level of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16042

Oil Price Forecast Evaluation with Flexible Loss Functions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastianin,   Andrea; Manera,   Matteo; Markandya,   Anil; Scarpa,   Elisa.
The empirical literature is very far from any consensus about the appropriate model for oil price forecasting that should be implemented. Relative to the previous literature, this paper is novel in several respects. First of all, we test and systematically evaluate the ability of several alternative econometric specifications proposed in the literature to capture the dynamics of oil prices. Second, we analyse the effects of different data frequencies on the coefficient estimates and forecasts obtained using each selected econometric specification. Third, we compare different models at different data frequencies on a common sample and common data. Fourth, we evaluate the forecasting performance of each selected model using static forecasts, as well as...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil Price; WTI Spot and Futures Prices; Forecasting; Econometric Models; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C52; C53; Q32; Q43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120042

TELEWORK ORGANIZATION MODEL AS METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF DISABLED PERSONS’ EMPLOYMENT QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bileviciene, Tatjana; Bileviciene, Egle.
Problem of employment for disabled persons is partly connected with permanent changes and technical achievements in labour market. Telework in particular circumstances creates for disabled persons positive opportunity of choice. Accomplished research of authors analyzes the employment quality factors and proves that implementation of telework model for disabled persons could improve quality of employment of such persons in comparison with recent system of profession rehabilitation and disabled persons employment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Disabled persons; Telework; Quality of employment; Information technologies.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J24; J81; J83.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92385

National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, Volume 2: Proceedings of the Water Quality, Environment and Climate Change, BMICH, Colombo June 9-11, 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wetlands; Environmental flows; Assessment; Water allocation; Case studies; Rivers; Farming systems; Models; Groundwater; Aquifers; Domestic water; Rainfed farming; Climate change; Wastewater irrigation; Rice; Food security; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118404

An Investigation of the "Trial" Stage in the Adoption Process: Aerial Topdressing in the Clarence Valley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duncan,   Ronald C.
Sociological studies have tended to concentrate on the awareness stage in the adoption process to the neglect of the remaining stages. In an attempt to examine the role of the trial stage in the adoption of super-phosphate topdressings in the Clarence Valley, a survey was made of 42 farmers. From the history of superphosphate use on each farm, a distinction between trial and immediate adoption is attempted. It is concluded that as the farming practice becomes more widely used, the initial farm area fertilized increases, the change from trial to adoption accelerates, and the need for a trial stage appears to diminish.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9174

A Metafrontier Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Selected European Agricultures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
Technical efficiency refers to the situation where it is impossible for a firm to produce, with the given know-how, (1) a larger output from the same inputs or (2) the same output with less of one or more inputs without increasing the amount of other inputs. In practice, the interest is on the relative position in terms of efficiency of a particular firm with respect to others. Therefore, technical efficiency is characterised by the relationship between observed production and some ideal or potential production (Greene, 1993). Although the beginning of the efficiency work can be traced to the 1950s (Farrell, 1957), there have been a growing interest on its use in benchmarking performance, predominantly as a means of identifying best practice and improving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109412

Bioproducts Development Survey: Analysis of the Summary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sparling,   David; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Henson,   Spencer J.; Laughland,   Pamela.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sparling; Bioproducts; Bioproduct Development Survey; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52704

Economists, Value Judgments, and Climate Change: A View From Feminist Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Julie A.
A number of recent discussions about ethical issues in climate change, as engaged in by economists, have focused on the value of the parameter representing the rate of time preference within models of optimal growth. This essay examines many economists’ antipathy to serious discussion of ethical matters, and suggests that the avoidance of questions of intergenerational equity is related to another set of value judgments concerning the quality and objectivity of economic practice. Using insights from feminist philosophy of science and research on high reliability organizations, this essay argues that a more ethically transparent, real-world-oriented, and flexible economic practice would lead to more strongly objective, reliable, and useful knowledge.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37280

ELITE GERMPLASM FOR GMO'S IN BRAZIL: MODELING GOVERNMENT-AGRIBUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.; Schmit,   Todd M.; Ruiz,   Lilian M.
Advances in agricultural biotechnology have led to interest by agribusiness to license elite germplasm from national programs in developing countries, now in need of funds.  Uncertainties about the value of the material have delayed negotiations.  This article proposes a method of setting upper (monopoly; no seed saving) and lower (competitive) negotiating bounds on values.  The model accounts for (1) annual productivity enhancements, (2) effects on world prices, and (3) obsolescence effects of greater R&amp;D.  A demonstration application for soybeans in Brazil, which has completed the preconditions (IPR, biosafety, internal policy), suggests limited private value for public germplasm.  The optimal solution is cooperation (licensing).
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34233

Organizational-legal aspects of scientific-technical and innovative development of Uzbekistan in globalization era
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alimov,   Avaz; Vapaeva,   Guzal.
Efficient protection of intellectual property provides not only commercialization of objects, but also activization of innovative activity as a whole, stimulation of national and international investments into economy. The paper describes features of legal protection institutions  in Uzbekistan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Science and innovative  activity; Legal issues; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94531

ALIGNMENT OF PUBLIC/PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32895

INDUCED INNOVATION: A CES-TYPE META-PRODUCTION FUNCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeung,   Patrick; Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13622

An Epistemology for Agribusiness: Peers, Methods and Engagement in the Agri-Food Bio System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   H. Christopher.
The IFAMR is published by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Epistemology; Research methods; Wicked problems; Engaged scholarship; Research rigor; Grounded theory; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q130.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119968

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY USING THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adato,   Michelle; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15926

Nonconventional Technology for Agricultural Development in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim.
This paper concerns the economic assessment of a nonconventional technology to provide a cheap food and/or feed for many developing countries, using wasted resources, i.e. coastal arid areas irrigated directly with seawater to grow a halophyte crop(Salicornia-sos-7). It was cultivated for two successive years in Kuwait. The analysis showed that the harvested yield was 20 tons per hectare, which provided 12.42 MT of straw for sale and 1.7 MT of oil seeds for processing. Processed seeds of 1-hectare provide 425 kg of food oil and 1.1 MT of feed meal.Under Kuwait conditions, on per hectare basis, the total costs of production( fixed &amp;variable costs)were $3088. However,simulation of this technology under a conventional developing country like Egypt with...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Halophyte Crops; Seawater irrigation system; Salicornia as oil seeds crop; Scaling Up the experiments; Profit Margin; Production function; Least cost Ration; Sheep fattning; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119721

RELATION BETWEEN CROP YIELDS AND ESTIMATED RETURNS TO SCALE AND RETURNS TO RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13430

The Power Mapping Tool:  A Method for the Empirical Research of Power Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schiffer,   Eva.
This paper presents an innovative participatory method to visualize, discuss and analyze the power of different actors in a given governance field. The Power Mapping Tool was first used to analyze the governance effects of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Namibia. This example is presented as a case study to show how the method works: The actors involved are represented by board game figures that are characterized through “range-ofaction- cards” and put on wooden “power towers” to show their power in the governance field. The result is a three dimensional sketch that provides quantitative data and guides the qualitative discussion about reasons for and effects of the power of different actors. In the case of Namibian CBNRM Power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Governance Research; Participatory Methods; Decentralization; Natural Resource Management; Power Mapping; Namibia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42410

Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer by the Private Sector in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7524

Agricultural Sciences in Upland Northern Vietnam: Situating Research in a Dynamic Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Friedrichsen,   Rupert.
This paper aims to provide an introductory overview over the socio-cultural context of Northern Vietnam to agricultural researchers. The paper focuses on the interplay between Vietnam's lowlands and the uplands to specify what makes the Northern uplands a distinct region; as an object of empirical agricultural research and as a context of application of research results.  The paper reviews the developments of selected social institutions from pre-colonial times to the current era of "renovation". First, developments in Vietnam's legal and administrative structures are outlined. Second, education and higher education, particularly the agricultural  sciences, are discussed. The third and main part elaborates on social, political, and economic specifics of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Northern uplands; Agricultural research; Ethnic minorities; Institutions; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8532

Technological Leapfrogging as a Source of Competitive Advantage in the American and Polish Tart Cherry Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Robert Thomson.
This paper evaluates new tart cherry harvester technology and measures its ability to determine technological leapfrogging and competitive advantage between the United States and Poland. Competitive advantage is evaluated using break-even analysis, threshold farm size analysis and economic valuation.  Findings reveal that that only a small minority of Polish farmers will be able to adopt new harvesters under current conditions. This same minority of Polish farmers, however, is probably the most important group to U.S. growers in terms of international tart cherry competition. Economic valuation shows that it will be extremely difficult for Michigan farmers to remove tart cherry orchards planted for shaker-harvest before their normal lifespan without...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10954

A GÖDÖLLŐI FALUKUTATÓ HAGYOMÁNYOK: MÚLT ÉS JELEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deaky,   Zita; Molnar,   Melinda.
The foundation of Scool of Economics and Social Sciences (SESS) 50 years ago was not the beginning, but was the continuance of the inwardness of predecessor in title of the University’s previously active institutes. There were valuable workshop of social sciences as the names of contemporary teachers and students have indicated. Weighty scientific researches had been started by the regional problematic from the beginning of the 20th century. The country-wide village-researcher front has evolved from it and our University has joined to it. The aims and inwardness has appeared in a wide social layers as it has been a part of our University’s courses and has made an ere now used source of sociographic literature. The methods and approaches of former...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Szociográfia; Faluszemináriumi kurzus; Falukutató táborok; Sociography; Rural researches; Traditions; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43405

Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Technical Efficiency in the Heartland and Southern Cotton States:1996-1999.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Nehring,   Richard F.; Banker,   David E.; Breneman,   Vincent E.
Given recent concerns expressed about the structural transformation of agriculture and the health of the family farm this study provides a measure of the economic health of small and large farms at the state level. We use nonparametric frontier methods to measure and explain changes in the efficiency, productivity, and technological change of U.S. farms, employing USDA’s annual 1996 to 1999 surveys of farms. Our results for the corn and cotton states analyzed identify particularly weak economic performance of small farms in Iowa, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin and of large farms in Missouri, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. Our results also indicate strong performance of small farms in several states. Thus, these results give policy makers a more detailed...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20679

Electronic Business in der Agrar– und Ernährungswirtschaft – Ernüchterung und Konsolidierung lösen die anfängliche Euphorie ab
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doluschitz,   Reiner.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98114

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.
This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

Green Revolution Technology Takes Root in Africa  The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.; Demeke,   Mulat; Maredia,   Mywish K.
In 1993, the Sasakawa/Global 2000 Program (SG) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) began a joint program to demonstrate that substantial productivity increases could be achieved when farmers were given appropriate extension messages and agricultural inputs were delivered on time at reasonable prices. The program provided credit, inputs and extension assistance to participants willing to establish half-hectare demonstration plots on their own land. In 1995, the MOA/SG demonstration program reached more than 3,500 farmers. During the same year MOA launched the New Extension Program (NEP) based on SG principles but managed independently. By 1997, NEP was managing the bulk of the demonstration plots. Although the MOA/SG program is widely considered to be a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural inputs; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 15; O33.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54667

Why Economists and Scientists Find Cooperation Costly
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12407

Impact of EU Biofuel Policies on World Agricultural and Food Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banse,   Martin; van Meijl,   Hans; Tabeau,   Andrzej A.; Woltjer,   Geert B.
This paper assesses the global and sectoral implications of the EU biofuels directive in a multi-region computable general equilibrium framework. Our results show that without mandatory blending or subsidies to stimulate the use of biofuel crops in the petroleum sector the targets of the EU Biofuel directive will not the reached in 2010. With mandatory blending the enhanced demand for biofuel crops has a strong impact on agriculture at the global and European level. The additional demand from the energy sector might slow down or reverse the long term process of declining agricultural prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; EU biofuel directive; Agricultural markets; Computable General Equilibrium modeling; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6476

Crop Improvement in the CGIAR as a Global Success Story of Open Access and International Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Byerlee,   Derek R.; Dubin,   H. Jesse.
Paper presented at the International Conference on the Microbial Commons, Ghent, Belgium, June 12-13th, 2009
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Open access; Plant breeding; Genetic resources; International treaties; International public goods; Wheat; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55482

Estado de la Innovación en el Sector Agroalimentario de Nicaragua: Oportunidades para el desarrollo sub-sectorial
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Solorzano,   Eduardo; Gutierrez,   Carlos; Monge,   Mario.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56120

BRAZIL: THE FUTURE OF MODERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthey,   Holger; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.
In an attempt to understand better Brazil'’s future role in agricultural markets, the authors of this report traveled to Brazil on a fact-finding mission in September 2003. The goal was to get a first-hand impression of Brazil’'s agricultural sector and especially its future potential. In this report we provide a general description of crop and livestock production, government policies, public and private cooperation, and transportation and biotechnology issues. The most striking observations made during our time in Brazil was the universal sense of optimism expressed by producers, government officials, agronomists, and market analysts about the future growth of Brazilian agricultural production. Does that mean Brazil, as one person suggested, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural policy; Biotechnology; Infrastructure; Brazil; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18705

Independent Innovation System of China's Agricultural Products Processing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ren,   Ailian.
This paper introduces the importance of innovation system for agricultural products processing industry. Based on the principles of openness, dynamics, systematization, outstanding industrial characteristics and close cooperation, a diversified agro-processing innovation system is constructed. It is an innovation subject system of agricultural products processing industry which takes agricultural products processing industry as the core, independent innovation as the center, and university, scientific research institution, government, intermediary organization, financial institution and peasant as the supplements. It is also an innovation operation system of agricultural products processing industry which consists of knowledge innovation, technological...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural products processing industry; Independent innovation; Innovation system; China; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54030

Food Marketing and Pricing Policy in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lessons for Increasing Agricultural Productivity and Access to Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Jones,   Stephen P.
This study surveys the empirical record of grain marketing and pricing policy in selected Eastern and Southern Africa countries. The paper addresses five key issues with major implications for food policy in Africa: (a) why the anticipated supply response to market liberalization has not yet occurred; (b) why the common assumption of state taxation of farmers to support a cheap food policy does not apply in most of these countries; (c) why the temporary successes of the state-led approach to stimulating smallholder grain production were unsustainable; (d) why the elimination of government food subsidies associated with market reform has not adversely affected consumers; and (e) why marketing board deficits have risen rather than declined after the reforms...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Food marketing; Pricing policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008 - June 2009: 10; Q18.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54694

ECONOMICS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15410

Assessing the influence of neighborhood effects on the adoption of improved agricultural technologies in developing agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Mekuria,   Mulugetta.
Researchers generally assume spatial homogeneity when assessing the factors that influence farmers to adopt improved agricultural technologies. However, the potential for spatial heterogeneity is high due to, for example, neighborhood effects such as farmers sharing information about new technology. Ignoring spatial heterogeneity can result in biased or inefficient regression estimates and make inferences based on t and F statistics misleading. Using data collected from 300 randomly selected farmers in three districts of Mozambique during the 2003/04 crop season, a spatial Tobit model was specified to estimate which factors determined the adoption of improved maize varieties, after an initial diagnostic test rejected the null hypothesis of spatial...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Spatial Tobit model; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatial autocorrelation; Neighborhood effects; Maize farmers; Mozambique; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56960

THE EFFECT OF TRUST ON PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY: EVIDENCE FROM THE U.S. BIOTECHNOLOGY STUDY, 1997-1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which trust directly affects public support for biotechnology, particularly in applications to food production and genetic modification of crop plants. Unlike previous research in which trust is assumed to be exogenous, this paper posits that trust is endogenously determined. An econometric model is developed that controls for the endogeneity of trust using instrumental variable and selection correction techniques. Using data from the U.S. Biotechnology Study, this study finds that the effect of trust on public support is substantially stronger than previous estimates.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19651

International agricultural research for food security, poverty reduction, and the environment: What to expect from scaling up CGIAR investments and “Best Bet” programs.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Braun,   Joachim; Fan,   Shenggen; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; CGIAR; Food prices; Poverty reduction; Hunger; Agricultural research food security; Environment Agricultural innovation; Agricultural development; Climate change; Agricultural biodiversity; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46016

Did the Economic Conditions for Bt-maize in the EU Improve from 1995 to 2004? A MISTICs Perspective.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scatasta,   Sara; Wesseler,   Justus; Demont,   Matty.
The debate about the "quasi" moratorium on the release of GMOs in the European Union is on going. One of the major arguments that were put forward to delay the release of new traits was the one for more information. In this contribution we compare the situation for Bt-maize from the 1995 and 2004 perspective. The 2004 perspective differentiate between two scenarios: one without the CAP reform and one including the CAP reform. For the comparison we use an ex-ante assessment model based on real option theory that explicitly considers the irreversible costs and benefits of the technology. As empirical information about possible irreversible costs is scarce we identify the maximum incremental social tolerable irreversible costs, MISTICs, for Bt-maize, a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt-maize; Irreversibility; Real options; Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25245

﻿Exploring Heterogeneity in Consumers’ Meat    Store Choices in an Emerging Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hu,   Wuyang.
Chinese consumers’ choices among meat stores are examined through a model that can capture consumer heterogeneities both in their opinion of various store attributes and in how much weight they attach to each attribute. This approach not only informs store managers as to what attributes should receive focus for improving their store images, but also provides insight about which specific attribute could be improved to achieve the most effective result. Based on the individual-level parameters obtained through an empirical Bayes analysis, managers or competitors are able to strategically target their store promotions to specific individual consumers based on their demographic characteristics.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneity; Individual-level parameters; Logit models; Meat store; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62275

Participatory decision-making: The core of multi-stakeholder collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaner,   Sam; Watts,   Jamie; Frison,   Emile.
The purpose of this brief is to provide insights and guiding principles that can inspire readers to conduct multistakeholder collaboration more effectively. The objectives are to demystify the process of collaboration, to make its assumptions more accessible, and especially to encourage readers to adapt participatory values and practices to their own settings. The brief describes several time-tested tools and procedures that can be implemented in a straightforward manner.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Decision-making; Facilitation; Participation; Collaboration; Stakeholder; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52529

A Microcomputer Model for Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts of Development Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Coon,   Randal C.; Hamm,   Rita R.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121072

THE EVALUATION OF USAID FUNDED FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH PROJECTS:  PROBLEMS AND PROPOSALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Livingston,   Geoffrey O.
The evaluation of USAID funded farming systems research projects must play an important role in the design of future projects if one is to build on past experience to improve project performance.  The development of an institutional memory is particularly important as FSR is new and still taking shape.  Based on a comparison of four mid-term evaluations of FSR projects and a review of an Agency funded study, it appears that evaluations are not contributing all that they might to increasing the knowledge base.  Frequently, crucial implementation issues are not covered and information is presented in a confusing and inaccessible format.  This study outlines the role of evaluation in USAID, analyses four mid-term evaluations and proposes a list of questions...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11090

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gladwin,   Christina H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29696

The Environment, Trade and Innovation with Heterogeneous Firms: A Numerical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cui,   Jingbo; Ji,   Yongjie.
We employ a two-sector heterogeneous firms model in the presence of endogenous innovation and environmental constraints. We perform simple numerical simulations concerning the implication of a stringent environmental policy and trade cost differences between dirty and clean inputs. Our objective is to highlight the effects of these policy proposals on the process innovation, trade pattern, and productivity dynamics.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cap and Trade; Heterogeneous Firms; Process Innovation; Trade Pattern; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F18; Q55; Q56; C63.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103478

THE SOURCE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26019

PUBLIC-PRIVATE AGREEMENTS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Marc A.
Land Grant Universities are partnering with private firms to fulfill the university mission. Public and private entities can come together in mutually beneficial activities, measured by fulfillment of each party's mission. Rules of engagement are discussed. Six actual agreements currently in operation between Kansas State University and private entities represent a range of types of public-private agreements.  The principal components of each agreement are described and the benefits to each party enumerated in the context of organizational missions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Commercialization; Intellectual property; Joint venture; Land Grant Universities; Nonprofit corporation; Patent licensing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14687

WCA Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rain,   Tomas; Svarcova,   Ivana.
This article describes subject-matter and components of WCA Framework. Authors describe individual elements of WCA. Article is being coupled with explaining of WCA Framework. Authors furthermore introduce differences between WCA Framework and additional analytical methods. Authors pay attention to relation between information technology, information system, work system, firm and business environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: WCA Framework; Customer; Product; Business process; Information; Participant; Information technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96877

Livelihood Disruption and Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship as Technology Adoption A Comparison between Kentucky and Shaanxi Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khantachavana,   Sivalai V.; Just,   David R.; Pushkarskaya,   Helen N.; Kong,   Rong.
In the US, The Tobacco Transition Payment Program, also called the "tobacco buy-out," helps tobacco quota holders and producers transition to the free market. In China, the transaction of Land Use Rights providing farmers’ ability to buy or sell Land Use Rights has been seriously considered by the Chinese government. The uncertainty in household income and changes in economic environment during the US Tobacco Transition Payment Program and the Chinese Land Use Rights Regime lead many individuals into entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurship often means making changes in livelihood activities that involve substantial risks to income. While the rewards may be substantial, transactions costs may make decisions irreversible. This paper draws a comparison...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103928

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salvacruz,   Joseph C.
An international trade model which explains trade patterns of processed foods relative to textiles using relative technological change and relative factor endowments was developed.  This model was tested in the case of the United States and a number of ASEAN countries.  Results indicate that exogenous technology drives the trade pattern of the Asian Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) while endogenous technology drives the trade patterns of the lesser developed ASEAN countries.  Significant determinants of endogenous technology were identified: foreign aid flows, research and development expenditures, and market power.  Two significant issues were raised in the course of the analysis: (1) the effectiveness of U.S. foreign aid package in developing the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26643

MOVING FROM THE TACTICAL TO THE STRATEGIC USE OF TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loeffler,   Bob.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27416

Spatial Clustering of the U.S. Biotech Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sambidi,   Pramod R.; Harrison,   R. Wes.
The study develops a county-level spatial tobit model that analyzes factors affecting site-selection of the U.S. biotech industry. The hypothesis of spatial agglomeration economies is confirmed for the spatial structure of the biotech industry, indicating that biotech firms are positively correlated across counties, resulting in clustering of biotech production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21360

Role of Research and Researchers during Transition: Case Study of Lithuania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazlauskiene,   Natalija; Meyers,   William H.
A review of more than 100 publications and papers by Lithuanian and external experts published from 1990 to 2006 in academic journals, books and monographs, proceedings and reports is the basis for this assessment of the role research has played in the policy evolution from 1990 to present. These studies had impacts on decision making, and there are also many ways in which the experiences of policy makers have informed the agricultural economics profession and improved our knowledge and understanding of the complexities of reform and transition. That is, the transition experience was in many ways a two-way and interactive learning process between researchers and policy makers and between east and west. We conclude that a key element in making research...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic transition; EU accession; Policy reform; Collaboration; Policy research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7790

The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Interdisciplinary Research in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duffy,   Patricia A.; Guertal,   Elizabeth A.; Muntifering,   Russell B.
Increasingly, interdisciplinary research is being touted as a way to solve real-life problems of interest to the taxpayers who support research at public universities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of interdisciplinary agricultural research involving economists and natural scientists, to discuss problems associated with carrying out this type of work and to offer some suggestions on how such research can be facilitated. Mutual trust and ongoing relationships can lead to better timing of collaboration and more satisfaction for all parties. Open communications are also important for success in collaboration. Within the border university environment, it is important for tenure and promotion committees to be able to properly evaluate...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Interdisciplinary research; Agriculture; Economics; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90414

Utilization of Document Imaging Technology By the 1996 Canadian Census of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Mel; Green,   Ivan.
Processing of the Canadian Census of Agriculture relies  heavily upon access to its questionnaires. The documents are required within many stages of collection and processing to ensure delivery of quality products to agricultural clients. Historically, access to the physical documents has proven problematic in terms of timely delivery, concurrent access, management, tracking, storage and cost. As early as 1984, Census management recognized the potential of document imaging technology to improve data quality and timeliness. However, in the 80s it took little effort to recognize that the technology of the day was not sufficiently mature or affordable for the Census. In 1996, document imaging became a successful reality for the Canadian Census of Agriculture....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28052

UNCOVERING FACTORS INFLUENCING PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Ferdaus; Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Schilling,   Brian J.; Hallman,   William K.
Significant divergence exists in public opinions about biotechnology.  Although there is broad support for plant biotechnology for health benefits, opinions differ on the issue of animal genetics for pure economic benefits.  While some are opposed to it, many are undecided about genetically modified foods.  Considerable skepticism exists about scientists, corporations and government which have negative influence on public acceptance of food biotechnology.  Consumers' personal attributes have significant influence on their views about various biotechnology issues.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18178

The role of broadband developments financed from EU Structural Funds in the enhancement of regional cohesion in the NMS-10
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feko,   Adrienn; Sass,   Magdolna; Nagy,   Gabor.
This paper examines if broadband Internet access (‘broadband’) developments enhance regional cohesion in ten New Member States (NMS-10) of the European Union. It focuses on broadband developments in these countries financed from Structural Funds (SF). The importance of their impacts is potential, but not automatic. The topic is well established theoretically, versus business. There is no conclusive evidence yet empirically. Broadband is perceived here as an essential part of ICT, enabling the spread and use of ICT. The paper analyses (1) the regional dimension of broadband access in the NMS-10, (2) the recognition of broadband-cohesion links by NMS-10 governments, and (3) the priority given to broadband in SF spending. The impact of broadband developments...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Cohesion Policy; Broadband Internet access; ICT; Structural Funds; EU Member States; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119651

Competition Issues in the Seed Industry and the Role of Intellectual Property
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L4; O3; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94757

Risk and Contract Relationships
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freier,   Axel E.; Kuhl,   Rainer.
The current structure of the German agri-food-sector is deduced from an increasing (international) competition and its division into small and medium business units particularly on the producers’ side. The roots of this development lie in a more a hundred year’s history of a productive branch that was intensively shaped by co-operatives. Nowadays this cooperative structure competes with networks and capital market-oriented firms that raise the question of the today’s role of cooperatives (see Kühl/ Hanf, 2004) In the following sections different approaches evaluating possible strategic paths of the actors within the production chain in the agri-food-sector will be presented. As a consequence risk issues agricultural economists have to address will be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59182

COMMODITY R&amp;D AND PROMOTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Padilla,   Luis.
Considerable evidence exists of high returns to public and private investment in commodity research and development programs.  This study investigates the potential returns to product research, development, and marketing in a dynamic commodity-market model.  Theoretical hypotheses derived from the solution to this model are tested in an empirical example of Washington apples.  Estimation results show that, despite significant spillovers to research and promotion expenditure in this industry, there is nonetheless considerable latitude to increase annual sales.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Advertising; Commodity; Innovation; Optimal control; Poisson model; Research and development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L15; M37; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15083

IS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STILL A PUBLIC GOOD?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Hightower,   Amie L.
The nature of public agricultural research changed in 1980 when the Bayh-Dole Act allowed universities to retain title to inventions that were created with Federal funds, and the court case Diamond v. Chakrabarty allowed patenting of living tissue and eventually other bio-engineered products.  In 1997, over 2,300 new licenses and options were executed on academic life-sciences property.  This raises the questions agricultural research still be a public good?  This paper is a critical first step in understanding how increasingly private ownership of intellectual property affects the agribusiness environment and the evolving role of public agricultural research institutions.  The innovative step in this paper is the development of a formal economic model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11821

LE TOGO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Adomefa,   Kossi.
Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche agricole publique ainsi que les tendances institutionnelles apparues dans ce domaine depuis le début des années 70 et inclut pour les années 90 de nouvelles données d’enquête rassemblées dans le cadre du projet conjoint (IFPRI–ISNAR–CORAF/WECARD 2002–03) sur les indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles (ASTI).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16195

Private Sector Research and Technology Transfer in Asian Agriculture: Report on Phase I Aid Grant OTR-0091-G-SS-4195-00
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7490

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN AGRICULTURE: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Kimberly L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15334

Tropical Poultry into the 21st Century
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Domingo,   Dan T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tropical Poultry Production; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45595

Designing Regional Systems of Biotechnology Regulation A Transaction Cost Approach to Regulatory Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Linacre,   Nicholas A.
Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should make it possible to use the potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while at the same time managing the risks for food safety and the environment that are potentially associated with these technologies. In view of the considerable costs associated with biotechnology regulation and the scarcity of biosafety specialists, there are processes in various regions of the developing world to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. So far, there are major knowledge gaps as to how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient and to fulfill principles of good...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional biotechnology regulation; Regulatory federalism; Transaction cost economics; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52218

CAN PRICE SUPPORTS NEGATE THE SOCIAL GAINS FROM PUBLIC RESEARCH EXPENDITURES IN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The burgeoning literature on how the benefits from research may be negative for a given price support arbitrarily ignores the costs of price supports for a given level of research. Furthermore, the very existence of price supports is inconsistent with the normative criterion that governments simply maximize social income. We show that there are always gains from research, even if governments maximize social income subject to a farm income goal. Our results are also consistent with the statements made by Schultz and Ruttan that ignoring price supports will result in all over (or under) valuation of research benefits. Finally, we indicate that the predictions of the "no gains from research" literature may not be substantiated by empirical evidence and that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6881

Technologies for Meeting Future Global Demands for Food
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crosson,   Pierre; Anderson,   Jock R.
Food can be produced under a number of technological conditions. Some observers hold that modern crop production technologies, typified by those embodied in the Green Revolution, are so intensive in the use of external inputs that they damage the environment and so are not sustainable. Those observers argue that "alternative" technologies that use fewer, safer external inputs mark the path toward agricultural sustainability. But the question arises: will those alternative technologies permit increases in global food production on the required scale? In this paper, we address this question and the conflicting arguments regarding the answer.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environment; Green revolution; Research and development; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10760

Policy and Institutional effects on market participation by smallholder rice farmers: case studies in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toure,   Ali; Bamba,   Ibrahim; Diagne,   Aliou; Harouna,   Kore; Cisse,   Youssouf; Kabore,   Daniel.
Rice sector contributes significantly to secure households with regard to their food needs but also to the creation of employments and income generation. The sector development and its evolution over the years have been marked by various policies and approaches. These development stages of the sector constitute nothing but the impact of the number of factors such as the rice policies put in place. A collaborative multi-country pilot study on policy and institutional arrangements effects on irrigated rice production and commercialization was conducted by WARDA and its country partners of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. In-depth surveys were carried out at both village and household levels to collect qualitative and quantitative data on irrigated rice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52097

Uma Abordagem Estratégica Sobre Planificação De Programas De Pesquisa Agrícola Na África Sub-sahariana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: SIMA,   Technical Team.
Resultados das investigações do Projecto de Segurança Alimentar em Moçambique MAP-Direcção de Economía-Dpto. Estatística
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55204

Do Consumers Really Care about Biotech Food Label? What Do We Know? What Else Should We Know?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Xi; Zhong,   Funing; Zhou,   Bin.
This paper is Selected for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, January 31-February 3, 2009. The research is partially funded by ERS/USDA China Project and Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province in China. The authors are grateful for comments from Dr. William Lin and Dr. Francis Tuan at ERS/USDA, and Prof. Loren Tauer at Cornell University. All errors are those of the authors.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotech labeling; Actual sales data; Household survey data; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46198

The Biotechnology Sector: "Bounds" to Market Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.
This paper examines whether it makes sense to consider Sutton's "bounds" approach as a candidate theory for explaining the recent evolution of market structure in the biotechnology sector, and to speculate whether market structure will change if the industry begins to introduce second-generation GM products that are of more direct benefit to consumers.  A key result is that the market structure is bounded in the presence of endogenous sunk costs, implying care should be taken when inferring any correlation between R&amp;D expenditure and seller concentration in the biotechnology sector.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market structure; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L1; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6078

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY USING THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adato,   Michelle; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Many studies simplify the linkages between agricultural research and poverty and measure only one or two aspects of those linkages. This approach may miss important aspects of poor people's lives, including the diverse ways in which technology affects their livelihoods. This paper presents an alternative approach that is being employed in a study of the impact of agricultural research on poverty. This study, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on behalf of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research's (CGIAR) Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA), currently includes five case studies. The common thread in these case studies is the use of the sustainable livelihoods framework as the starting point for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16074

LA MAURITANIE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Lo,   Abdoulaye; Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse.
Le présent document étudie les principaux investissements réalisés dans la recherche agricole publique en Mauritanie et les tendances institutionnelles apparues dans ce domaine depuis le début des années 90, sur la base de nouvelles données d’enquête rassemblées dans le cadre du projet conjoint (IFPRI–ISNAR–CORAF/WECARD 2002–03) sur les indicateurs relatifs aux sciences et technologies agricoles (ASTI).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16194

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ON SMALL FARMS IN CHILE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edmonds,   Christopher M.
This research examines the effect of a government sponsored technology transfer program for small holder farms in Chile.  The effect of family participation in the technology transfer program is evaluated with respect to a number of 'outcomes' including its effect on farm revenues, total family income, and household poverty status.  The empirical examination uses maximum likelihood selection and fixed- and random-effects estimation techniques.  By estimating the effect of program participation on crop selection, crop yields, farm use of certified seeds, and the scale of farming activities, the research examines the mechanisms through which the program appears to raise farm revenues.  Estimation results show program participation had a positive and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Extension Services; Program Evaluation; Impact Assessment; Technological Change; Choices and Consequences; Chile; Farm Households; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21520

Empresas transnacionais e internalização de atividades tecnológicas no complexo agroindustrial brasileiro
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nascimento,   Rosana do Carmo; Silva,   Jose Maria Alves da.
Esse trabalho objetiva investigar a contribuição das empresas transnacionais no processo de inovação tecnológica do Complexo Agroindustrial brasileiro. Para isso, construiu-se um índice de internalização relativa da atividade tecnológica (IRAT), a partir de informações de depósitos de patentes (invenção e modelo de utilidade) e registros de desenhos (desenhos e modelos industriais) no INPI. Foram analisados depósitos de 229 empresas, sendo 116 estrangeiras e 113 nacionais, agrupadas por setores específicos e segmentos do CAI. Observou-se elevada concentração de patentes nas empresas estrangeiras e baixa internalização tecnológica no Complexo, para as patentes de invenção (0,061), e maior internalização nos modelos de utilidade e registros (0,71)....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tecnologia; Complexo agroindustrial; Empresas transnacionais; Patentes; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56838

THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussukuya,   Edith Nandako.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13354

Analysis of Factors Affecting Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Switchgrass Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qualls,   D. Joshua; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Clark,   Christopher D.
In the United States, biomass is the largest source of renewable energy accounting for over 3 percent of the energy consumed domestically and is currently the only source for liquid, renewable, transportation fuels. Continued development of biomass as a renewable energy source is being driven in large part by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which mandates that by 2022 at least 36 billion gallons of fuel ethanol be produced, with at least 16 billion gallons being derived from cellulose, hemi-cellulose, or lignin. However, the market for cellulosic biofuels is still under development. As such, little is known about producer response to feedstock prices paid for dedicated energy crops. While there have been some studies done on factors that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Switchgrass; Farmer Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98625

HOW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AFFECTS URBAN POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Fang,   Cheng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
This paper develops a framework to measure the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty. Increased investments in agricultural R&amp;D can lower food prices by increasing food production, and lower food prices benefit the urban poor because they often spend more than 60% of their income on food. Application of the framework to China shows that these food price effects are large and that the benefits for the urban poor have been about as large as the benefits for the rural poor.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; China; Agricultural research; Urban; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16123

Electronic Course Delivery: Do Students Care and Do They Think It's Worthwhile?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henning,   Steven A.; Vandeveer,   Lonnie R.; Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.
Developments in communication technology have created new opportunities in higher education, but they have also created new challenges.  As the focus shifts from providing quality teaching to providing quality learning environments, faculty and administrators need to acquire a better understanding of student perceptions of these new technologies in order to intelligently plan academic programs.  This research summarizes student perceptions of electronic delivery methods in selected agricultural economics courses at Louisiana State University during the 2002-03 and 2004-05 academic years.  Preliminary results suggest that the "traditional" chalkboard classroom is rapidly disappearing across all curriculums and that students favor this change even though...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19320

SEGREGATING TRANSGENIC GRAINS: RESULTS OF A SURVEY AMONG COUNTRY ELEVATORS IN SOUTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Sluis,   Evert; Qasmi,   Bashir A.; Wilhelm,   Clayton J.
Using responses from a mail survey conducted among 203 South Dakota grain elevator managers in 2002, we analyzed the degree to which the elevators were prepared to segregate non-transgenic from commodity grains.  Only 17 and two percent reported having buyers inquire about segregated non-transgenic or identity preserved corn, and such soybeans, respectively. Among those handling corn (soybeans), 53 (58) percent were willing to participate in non-transgenic corn (soybean) markets at an average premium of 28 (37) cents per bushel.  It appears that one in five elevators are able to participate in segregating non-transgenic and commodity grains without additional capital outlays.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36256

DISCUSSION: THE SYSTEMS APPROACH -- RESEARCH OR RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eidman,   Vernon R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29815

How Much is E-Commerce Worth to Rural Businesses?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watson,   Susan; Nwoha,   Ogbonnaya John; Kennedy,   Gary A.; Rea,   Kenneth.
The probability of a business paying for an e-commerce presence ultimately depends on demographic features, experiences with e-commerce, technological expertise, and knowledge of e-commerce opportunities and limitations.  Results allow for the assignment of probabilities associated with various business profiles to determine the willingness to pay for an e-commerce presence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35599

Participatory Prospective Analysis: Exploring and Anticipating Challenges with Stakeholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bourgeois,   Robin; Jesus,   Franck.
Part I The Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA) Method The philosophy of the PPA method  Methodological components  Presentation of the method  Definition of the system's limits  Identification of variables  Selection and definition of key variables  Mutual influence analysis  Interpretation of influence/dependence links  Definition of the states of variables  Building scenarios  Using scenarios  Implementing the PPA  Equipment and resources  Organizing group work  The question of experts and expertise  Part II The PPA Method at Work: The Case of Secondary Crop Research and Development Prospects in Asia and the Pacific Context  Organization of the PPA  System identification  Creation of a working group and workshop organization  Process and results...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Analytical methods; Tools; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32731

A Trajetória das Pesquisas com Práticas Agrícolas mais Ecológicas na Embrapa, no período de 1978 a 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borges Filho,   Epaminondas Luiz.
Este trabalho analisa a trajetória das pesquisas com práticas mais ecológicas na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), no período de 1978 a 2002. Para realizarmos tal tarefa, analisamos as pesquisas (projetos e subprojetos) coordenadas pela Embrapa na área de agricultura, procurando identificar a trajetória percorrida pela pesquisa em relação às questões ambientais. O Pronapa (Programa Nacional de Pesquisa Agropecuária) foi a fonte de dados para o estudo. As pesquisas analisadas em cada uma das sistemáticas de planejamento da Embrapa foram agrupadas, de acordo com o enfoque ambiental, em quatro diferentes eixos de pesquisa: i) pesquisas convencionais; ii) pesquisas de tecnologias intermediárias ou amenas; iii) pesquisas revolucionárias; e...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente; Embrapa; Pesquisa agrícola; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103117

Induced Institutional Innovation in Response to Transaction Costs: The Case of the National Native Title Tribunal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.
The theory of induced innovation says that technological innovations which economize on relatively scarce inputs will be invented and adopted. Hayami and Ruttan have hypothesized that this model also holds for institutional innovations. Williamson suggests that economic organization, such as vertical integration, is the result of transaction cost minimization. Coase discusses the transaction costs of negotiation versus the court system to solve externality problems. These various threads of the literature are brought to bear on the issue of innovations over time in relation to the National Native Title Tribunal. Mining companies have developed guidelines for negotiation with Aboriginal claimants. In Western Australia, regional agreements have been created...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123852

An Overview of Globalisation and Economic Policy Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This is the draft of the introductory chapter of Clem Tisdell (ed.) Globalisation and World Economic Policies.  It highlights the varied dimensions of globalisation.  Trends in world exports of goods and services as a percentage of global GDP, and world FDI net inflow as a percentage of global GDP are used to indicate trends in economic globalisation.  In relation to non-economic measures of globalisation, particular attention is given to variations in international telephone traffic and the number of internet users and hosts.  Increasing globalisation of the media is an important feature of recent developments in globalisation, and has significant political, economic and cultural ramifications.  These aspects are highlighted. The chapter concludes with an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Exports of goods; Telephone; Internet users and hosts; Media globalisation; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90537

Impact of Plant Breeders Rights on Technology Availability in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hu,   Ruifa; Huang,   Jie; Pray,   Carl E.; Huang,   Jikun.
There has been considerable debate but little empirical analysis among academics, policy makers, and civil society about whether intellectual property rights would induce private research in developing countries. China passed its plant variety protection act (PVPA) in 1997 which allowed us to do some initial testing of this proposition. We used a unique data set on the seed price, area planted, morphological characteristics, and institutional sources of all the important varieties of rice in three provinces of China to estimate the impact of PVPA on seed prices and area planted to a variety. We found that protected varieties have higher prices than unprotected varieties, but that they are grown on smaller area, which means less seed is sold. Our data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25549

BSE AND STRATEGIES FOR TESTING (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richt,   Jurgen A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32870

Dynamic Ecological Footprint in Jiangxi Province of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guan,   Jinqiao.
This paper introduces the related research progress of ecological footprint theory. According to the data of Jiangxi Province from 1995 to 2004, this paper measures the per capita ecological footprint and supply in recent 10 years. Result shows that ecological deficit of Jiangxi Province of China is relatively low, but is increasing gradually.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Ecological footprint; Ecological carrying capacity; Ecological deficit; Jiangxi Province; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53512

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Organization of scanner data for more effective usage in managerial decision-making, by Oral Capps, Jeffrey M. Thomas, and Don L. Long; Effects of entry and changes in demand on concentration in wholesale grocery markets, by Walter B. Epps and Charles Handy; U.S. fruit and vegetable processing industries: a structural perspective, by Katherine C. Buckley, Shannon R. Hamm, and Ben Huang; Price formation over space in the U.S. sweetener market, by Dr. Dagher and A. Debatisse; Preferred points of origin for selected foods, by Robert L. Degner and J. David Locascio; Retail produce managers evaluate sweet potato shipping containers, by Dr. Edmund A. Estes; Impact of shelf space characteristics on consumers' produce buying decisions, by John J. VanSickle and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26855

Water scarcity and the role of storage in development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keller,   Andrew; Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Seckler,   David.
Of the four major ways of storing water -in the soil profile, in underground aquifers, in small reservoirs, and in large reservoirs behind dams-the first is possible only for relatively short periods of time. In this paper, the authors concentrate on the three kinds of long-term technologies, and compare the hydrological, operational, economic and environmental aspects of each.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Water storage; Water scarcity; Reservoir storage; Costs; Aquifers; Conjunctive use; River basins; Surface water; Dams; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44575

The Impact of Public Funds on Private R&amp;D Investment: New Evidence from a Firm Level Innovation Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heshmati,   Almas; Loof,   Hans.
This paper investigates the effectiveness of a public innovation policy aimed at stimulating private R&amp;D investment. The research will examine  whether public funding increases the total spending on research or merely displaces funding from private sources. The empirical analysis is based on the Community Innovation Surveydata merged with register data. It is an evaluation of whether firms receiving public funds have on average a higher R&amp;D intensity compared to those not receiving any such support. In order to account for possible selectivity bias, and to improve comparability of firms, two different versions of a semi-parametric matching approach are employed. The two matching estimators result in somewhat different results. The Nearest Neighbour...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11862

UNDERSTANDING CONSUMERS' PERCEPTIONS TOWARD BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LABELING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hine,   Susan E.; Loureiro,   Maria L.
Risk perceptions about biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) foods drive the choices made by many consumers.  In this paper, we address two important issues; namely, consumer preferences for mandatory labeling of products using biotechnology, as well as consumer response toward three different types of genetically modified processes (biotechnology applications to increase the nutritional content of potatoes, increase potato flavor, and a decrease in pesticide use). We identify socio-demographic characteristics that affect consumer preference for mandatory labeling as well as the support level that might be associated with biotechnology techniques that could improve upon potato characteristics identified as important by the consumer.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19898

Nível tecnológico e balanço econômico de produção de mamona para obtenção do biodiesel no estado do Ceará
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Braga,   Francisco Laercio Pereira; Mayorga,   Ruben Dario.
In order to determine technological level and economic balance of castor seed prodution (Ricinus communis) in the State of Ceará, one of the main producers of oil seed of Northeast of Brazil, the present research was coducted to verify economic feasibility and technological level of castor seed production for obtaining biodiesel. The data were collected in Boa Viagem, Tauá and Pedra Branca municipalities. For profit analysis, income and production cost per hectare of castor seed production in selected municipalities were considered. It was observed that on the average, 12,91% of the interviewed farmers are using more than 80% of the recommended techniques. The castor seed production in all the three selected municipalities is economically feasifble...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Castor seed; Technological level; Biodiesel; Economic feasibility; Ceará; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54080

Adoption of Genetically Modified Eggplant in India: An  Ex Ante Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolady,   Deepthi; Lesser,   William H.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/05.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified Crops; Bt Eggplant; Adoption; India; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O14; O33.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19262

Best Response to GMOs in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Luc,   Veyssiere.
This article examines the dilemma of a large exporting Country for an agricultural product having to determine its domestic agricultural policy as well as its level of IPRs enforcement. The analysis explicitly considers the possibility of two frauds by farmers: mislabeling of GM products as conventional and smuggling of illegal GM seeds. In doing so this paper makes two points: the approval decision of the products of the biotechnology is speci…c to the labeling regime and a large country has always an incentive to enforce its IPR regime.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21075

Technological Change and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaffe,   Adam B.; Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter draft for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics (North-Holland/Elsevier Science), summarizes current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological change; Induced innovation; Environment; Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30; Q00.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10566

The Financing of Agricultural Research by Levies on Farm Produce
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donaldson,   G.F.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1964
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8753

THE DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: LESSONS FROM RBST USE IN WISCONSIN, 1994-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barham,   Bradford L.; Jackson-Smith,   Douglas; Moon,   Sunung.
This paper explores the dynamics of rBST adoption using panel data from Wisconsin dairy farmers that span the period from its commercial introduction in 1994 to 2001.  The panel data allow an examination of a broader range of adoption behavior that includes disadoption, early and late adoption, as well as persistent non-adoption.  The data also permit attention to endogeneity concerns that arise in cross-sectional analyses of technology adoption, where potential predictors are also choice variables.  Differences in both complementary technology use and farm size are identified as key predictors of adoption behavior, as are farmer attitudes toward this controversial technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19627

USING MECHANICAL TRADING SYSTEMS TO EVALUATE THE WEAK FORM EFFICIENCY OF FUTURES MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Paul E.; Leuthold,   Raymond M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29574

The Effects of Prior Beliefs and Learning on Consumers' Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
In most environments, information is critical to consumers' decision making. Consumers have prior beliefs about quality and price of goods and services and obtain new information which is used to update these prior beliefs or to form posterior beliefs, i.e., Bayesian learning. New food products made from herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant crops using bioengineering, have appeared in U.S. supermarkets starting in 1996. The objective of this paper is to examine in depth the role of consumerï¿½s prior beliefs about genetic modification and of diverse, new information on their willingness to pay for foods that might be genetically modified. One hypothesis is that prior beliefs matter and, second, consumers give less weight to information from interested...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18231

EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH &amp; DEVELOPMENT ON THE GDP OF EU MEMBER STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohamed,   Zsuzsanna; Takacs,   Szabolcs; Szucs,   Istvan; Bedene Szoke,   Eva.
Scientific research, together with technological development and innovation, is a key issue of knowledge-based economies. Having recognized this important role, the European Union has identified the increasing of its research budget to be one of its most important aims. The objective of the common programming of agricultural research is to examine the extent to which society is able to answer the challenges resulting from the Community-level development of renewable raw materials. Joining in the spirit of these endeavours, the aim of our research is to analyze the links between agricultural R&amp;D expenditure and agricultural GDP in the EU member states, relying on the Eurostat database. Our computations were made using constant prices of 2000. The...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: EU; R&amp;D intensity; Production functions; Combination of production factors; EU; K&amp;Fintenzitás; Termelési funkciók; Termelési tényezők kombinációja; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99202

An Economic Evaluation of a Pest Management Control Program: "Outfox the Fox"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Randall E.; Saunders,   Glen; Balogh,   Suzy.
Foxes are regarded as a serious pest of environmental and grazing systems in Australia. The fox is a recognised predator of native wildlife and has been a significant contributor to the population decline of many native mammal, bird and reptile species. There are also claims that foxes may account for up to 30% of lamb mortalities in some areas, while mortality due to predation of 2 to 5% is more likely in most regions. The ‘Outfox the Fox’ program was established by NSW Agriculture in conjunction with a number of Rural Land Protection Boards to achieve a more strategic and coordinated fox baiting program. This program relies on a community driven and integrated management approach to the problem. The main features are to synchronise baiting across...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Research evaluation; Economic surplus; Fox; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42653

Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akinola,   Adebayo A.; Arega,   D.A.; Adeyemo,   Remi; Sanogo,   Diakalia; Olanrewaju,   Adetunji S.; Nwoke,   C.; Nzigaheba,   G.; Diels,   J.
As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on Balanced Nutrient Management Systems (BNMS) has since 2000 been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project has tested and promoted two major technology packages, including a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice referred to as BNMS-rotation.  This study employed Tobit model to examine factors that influence the adoption and intensity of utilization of BNMS technologies in the NGS of Nigeria. Results showed that less than 10% of the sample households adopted at least one of the two components of the technology package by the end of 2002.  However, by 2005 the adoption of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS).; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52007

The Impacts of North American BSE Discoveries on U.S. and Canadian Cattle Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   John M.; Brester,   Gary W.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29186

Climate Change and International Markets for Australian Food Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Creese,   Jonathan; Marks,   Nicki.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to alert food producers to emerging market demands associated with climate change. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on literature review and applied market research. Findings – Many food retailers are applying pressure to their value chains to measure and manage carbon emissions. Although consumers play a role, consumers are not the main driver compelling retailers to respond to climate change. Research limitations/implications – This study only interviewed retailers in the United Kingdom and Japan as these are markets that are of particular interest for Australian food exporters. Originality/value – Consumers and retailers in export markets are responding to climate change. The research suggests that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Food; Agriculture; Value chain; Retailer; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59186

Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism and Special Events: Lessons from Mississippi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myles,   Albert E.; Carter,   Rachael.
With the use of this dynamic spreadsheet model, tourism managers can gain valuable insight into tourism and special events.  This insight can help them plan future events or evaluate whether the costs of producing these events are justified by the benefits.  Visitor spending from outside the county creates direct sales in the local economy.  Each dollar of direct sales adds indirect and induced spending in the county.  Besides these impacts, visitor spending produces labor income and jobs for residents in the county.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; Activity; Event; Employment; Income; Sales; And tax revenues direct; Indirect; And total impact; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46857

Introducing a Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda: Social Benefits, Costs, and Consumer Perceptions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kikulwe,   Enoch M.; Wesseler,   Justus; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin.
Banana is a staple crop consumed by Ugandan households. The Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization has implemented conventional and biotechnology programs that seek improving bananas and address the crop’s most important pest and disease problems. A major thrust is the development of genetically modified (GM) bananas. The purpose of this paper is to examine potential social welfare impacts of adopting a GM banana in Uganda. The study has three objectives. First, suggest and apply an approach to calculate reversible and irreversible benefits and costs of introducing a GM banana. The study applies a real option approach to estimate, ex ante, the maximum incremental social tolerable irreversible costs (MISTICs) that would justify immediate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: GM banana; Real option; Choice experiment; Biosafety; MISTICs; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42323

The contribution of IFPRI research and the impact of the Food for Education Program in Bangladesh on schooling outcomes and earnings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.; Meng,   Xin.
"This paper evaluates the influence and impact that IFPRI research and related activities had on the initiation, evolution, and impact of the food for education (FFE) program in Bangladesh. It reviews the outputs from the IFPRI program and summarizes the perceptions of various stakeholders about the value and influence of these on the FFE program. A novel experimental evaluation methodology is used on household sample survey data to analyze the effects of FFE on schooling outcomes. Earnings functions are then estimated using national household income and expenditure survey data to assess the effect of schooling on earnings. Combining the two, the effects of the increased participation and duration of schooling (due to the FFE program) on lifetime earnings...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51817

SHOULD THE UNITED STATES REGULATE MANDATORY LABELING FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Public debate continues over whether the United States should regulate genetically modified (GM) foods by imposing a mandatory labeling policy.  This paper develops a model that shows that a voluntary GM-labeling policy results in higher welfare than a regulated mandatory GM-labeling policy, if consumers can accurately read the signals in each market.  We then develop an experiment that shows consumers behave as if they can accurately identify signals for GM foods.  Our model and results support the perspective that the United States has been prudent in fending off calls for regulations demanding a mandatory GM-labeling policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified foods; Mandatory labeling; Voluntary labeling; Laboratory auctions; Nth-price auction; Vegetable oil; Tortilla chips; Russet potatoes; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18215

Economic Analysis of Johne's Disease Control Strategies in Dairy Herds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Jaesung; Tauer,   Loren W.; Schukken,   Ynte H.; Smith,   Rebecca L.; Lu,   Zhao; Grohn,   Yrjo T.
Infectious diseases play a critical role in determining the profitability of individual farms and maintaining the viability of livestock industries, international trade, and trade policies. Thus, it is critical to analyze the economic consequences of infectious diseases, and the effects of producer strategies to control or eliminate diseases in a cost efficient approach. Also, important is the goal to rally support for the development of public disease control programs.  This study examined the long-term feasibility and effectiveness of various producer strategies to prevent and control Johne’s disease in dairy herds, an infectious and incurable disease which has significant economic repercussions for the dairy industry. There are few previous studies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Animal disease control; Dairy herd model; Johne's disease; Optimal control model; Paratuberculosis; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61318

Evaluating the Impact of Changing Mississippi’s Tobacco Tax
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Myles,   Albert E.; Allen,   Albert J.
A multiple regression was performed on 37 years of data to determine the impact of raising the tobacco tax on cigarettes by $.24 per pack on cigarette sales in Mississippi. The t-statistic for the slope was significant at the .05 critical alpha level, t(29) =1.69 and  p=.05. Thus, we conclude that there is a positive significant relationship between taxes and sales volume. Further, about 91 of the variability in sales volume could be explained by the demand model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand; Tobacco tax; Regression model; Retail employment; Elasticity of demand; Price change; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46855

DISCUSSANT'S COMMENTS FOR AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING, SELECTED PAPERS SESSION SP-6R: "ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renkow,   Mitch.
These papers move beyond the questions of who adopts technologies to ask how preferences for characteristics (of maize in Mexico or cattle in Burkina Faso) affect adoption and how technical change differentially affects semi-subsistence farmers and how it affects productivity and yield variability.  Papers include: Modeling Impacts of Soil Conservation on Productivity and Yield Variability: Evidence From a Heteroskedastic Switching Regression Gerald Shively, Purdue University.   Selecting Genetic Traits for Cattle Improvement: Preservation of Disease Resistant Cattle in Africa Kouadio Tano, Merle Faminow, Mulumba Kamuanga, Brent Swallow.   Variety Characteristics and the Land Allocation Decisions of Farmers in a Center of Maize Diversity Melinda Smale,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20856

Advanced Telecommunications Technologies in Rural Communities: Factors Affecting Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Allen,   John C.; Johnson,   Bruce B.; Olsen,   Duane; Sell,   Randall S.; Wanzek,   Janet K.; Bazubwabo,   Jean-Pierre.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120983

ENHANCEMENT OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE WITH DEVELOPING ERGONOMIC WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT AND PROVIDING WORK-LIFE BALANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finna,   Henrietta; Forgacs,   Tamas.
Ergonomy aims at creating a work place that suits the employee’s needs. A well-developed office does not only increase work efficiency but it can also significantly reduce costs. This study researches and reveals the specific personal attributes and the factors of workplace environment, which have an effect on the efficiency of the workforce. We were searching for studies, where the core work wasn’t changed -the increase in work efficiency was reached only by changing the work environment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Work efficiency; Ergonomy; Work environment; Work-life balance; Telework.; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J81; UDC: 331.4.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92378

STOCHASTIC TECHNOLOGY, RISK PREFERENCES AND ADOPTION OF SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Isik,   Murat; Khanna,   Madhu.
This paper develops a model of farmer decision-making to examine the extent to which uncertainties about the performance of site-specific technologies (SSTs) and about the weather impact the value of these technologies. The model uses the jointly estimated risk and technology parameters to examine the impacts of SSTs on returns and nitrogen pollution. The availability of uncertain soil information and production uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution. Ignoring the impact of uncertainty and risk preferences of farmers leads to a significant overestimation of the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimation of the required subsidy for inducing adoption of SSTs. The model that accounts...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial variability; Risk preferences; Joint estimation; Uncertainty; Technology adoption; Nitrogen runoff; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19858

AN APPLIATION OF THE STOCHASTIC LATENT VARIABLE APPROACH TO THE CORRECTION OF SECTOR LEVEL TFP CALCULATIONS IN THE FACE OF BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Alastair; Irz,   Xavier T.; Balcombe,   Kelvin George.
The measurement of the impact of technical change has received significant attention within the economics literature. One popular method of quantifying this impact of technical change is the use of growth accounting index numbers. However, in a recent article Nelson and Pack (1999) criticise the use of such index numbers in situations where technical change is likely to be biased in favour of one or other inputs.  In particular they criticise the common approach of applying observed factor shares as proxies for partial output elasticities to weight the change in quantities which they claim are only valid under Hicks neutrality. Recent advances in the measurement of product and factor biases of technical change developed by Balcombe et al (2000) provide a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biased Technological Change; Latent Variables; TFP.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25842

A HAZAI AGRÁRINNOVÁCIÓ LEHETŐSÉGEI ÉS FELADATAI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Husti,   Istvan.
The main objective of this presentation is to systemise the present innovation tasks of the Hungarian agriculture, especially focusing on the SMS’s.   I prepared and use some models to determine the development tasks. Let me introduce three models out of them. • The general model of agricultural innovation demonstrates clearly the connecting and depending works to do. It shows that the innovation part-works can be systematised into two integrating umbrellas. These are marketing and knowledge.  • The model about the substance of technical development shows that technical development serving agricultural production has got a particular bridging role between the production and the previous innovation phases by integrating several factors at the same time.  •...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Kkv szektor; Innovációs lehetőség; Adaptáció; Small and medium size enterprises; Possibility for innovation; Adaptation; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43409

ORGANIZED SYMPOSIUM: PRICE DISCOVERY IN LIVESTOCK MARKETS, WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   DeeVon.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36475

Theory of Reasoned Action and Its Integration with Economic Modelling in Linking Farmers' Attitudes and Adoption Behavior - An Illustration from the Analysis of the Uptake of Livestock Technologies in the South West of England
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rehman,   Tahir; McKemey,   K.; Garforth,   Chris; Huggins,   R.; Yates,   C.M.; Cook,   R.J.; Tranter,   Richard B.; Park,   Julian R.; Dorward,   Peter T.
The behavioural intentions of a sample of livestock farmers in the south-west of England towards new technologies were analysed within a Theory of Reasoned Action (TORA) framework, in order to explore reasons for the apparently low rate at which research-based knowledge is being transferred to the livestock industry. Correlations between components of attitudes (outcome beliefs and evaluations), subjective norms (normative beliefs and motivation to comply) and behavioural intentions were integrated with Positivistic Mathematical Programming (PosMP) to create a set of farm type models, which can predict the potential rate and equilibrium level of uptake of different kinds of technologies. Data relating to techniques for oestrus detection in dairy cows are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24319

FUTURE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14471

WHY STOCHASTICS MATTER: ANALYZING FARM AND BIOFUEL POLICIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Brown,   Scott; Binfield,   Julian C.R.
Standard deterministic analysis of agricultural and biofuel policies can yield incomplete or misleading results. Stochastic analysis is especially important when policies have asymmetric effects and when there is intrinsic interest in uncommon events or the distribution of possible outcomes.  The paper examines four recent cases where a stochastic approach was critical to a complete and balanced examination of important US policy issues. In each case, a stochastic model of the US agricultural and biofuel sectors was used to estimate 500 sets of possible market outcomes for the 2007- 2016 period.  Changes in support levels, a proposed revenue-based program, possible World Trade Organization limits on internal support measures, and biofuel use mandates are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Biofuels; Stochastic analysis; Structural model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6601

The transformation of irrigation boards into water user associations in South Africa: Case studies of the Umlaas, Komati, Lomati and Hereford Irrigation Boards Volume 2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faysse,   Nicolas; Gumbo,   Jabulani.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water users’ associations; Organizational development; Institutional development; Water law; Dams; Water users; Forestry; Farmers; Domestic water; History; Water quality; Water allocation; Water rates; Water resource management; Irrigation efficiency; Water use efficiency; Water rights; Canals; Case studies; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92784

Biotech Labeling Standards and Compliance Costs in Seed Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Magnier,   Alexandre.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93693

Impacts of International Research on Intertemporal Yield Stability in Wheat and Maize: An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gollin,   Douglas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7657

The Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits to NSW from Investment in the CRC for Beef Genetics Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffith,   Garry R.; Parnell,   Peter F.; McKiernan,   William A.
The Australian cattle and beef industry and the associated RD&amp;E community recently developed a successful proposal for the CRC for Beef Genetic Technologies. The expected benefits from the proposed scientific programs of the renewed CRC were estimated using the DREAM economic modelling framework. A “top-down” assessment philosophy was used that included explicit “with-CRC” and “without-CRC” scenarios. The benefit from the extra investment and consequent research effort due to funding the CRC is estimated to be worth over $1.4b in present value terms. Every $1 of these extra resources brought into the Australian beef industry through funding the new Beef CRC is expected to return around $35 to the industry. The marginal returns to the NSW beef industry...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Beef; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42654

Benefits to Australia of selected CABI products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pearce,   David; Monck,   Michael.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113171

A NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE AND NATURE OF TECHNICAL CHANGE:  THE CASE OF U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Aliber,   Michael; Cox,   Thomas L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12660

Equitable Patent Legislation for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121372

Strategies to Promote Market-Oriented Smallholder Agriculture in Developing Countries: A Case of Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omiti,   John M.; Otieno,   David Jakinda; McCullough,   Ellen B.; Nyanamba,   Timothy O.
Smallholder Agriculture is key to livelihoods of many rural households in developing and transition economies. In Kenya, small farms account for over 75% of total agricultural production and nearly 50% of the marketed output. Despite favourable trends in global development drivers such as rising population, per capita incomes and emerging urban dietary preferences, most smallholder farmers remain poor. This study sought to characterize agricultural commercialization trends, identify and prioritize constraints to participation in markets, analyse determinants of percentage of output sold, and explore strategies to promote market-oriented production. A participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal approach, household survey and a Truncated Regression model were used....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder Agriculture; Market Participation; Commercialization; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52105

The Creation of the Federal Commitment to Soil Conservation: Hugh Bennett’s Campaign, the Depression, and the Dust Bowl (PowerPoint)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helms,   Douglas.
This presentation will discuss the influences of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl on the origins and development of the Soil Conservation Service.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62080

Compliance with international food safety standards as an outcome of a Nash bargaining process: a case study on Kenyan small scale green beans farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimenya,   Nicodeme; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de; Ndimira,   Pascal-Firmin.
This study provides a stylized model on “Exit, voice and loyalty” as alternative strategic responses taken by Kenyan green beans farmers in the context of new and more stringent international food safety standards. On the analytical side, we use the Nash bargaining theory where the exporter and a representative grower bargain over the product quality level and the premium producer price. The comparative statics analysis shows that the producer bargaining power unlike the compliance costs has, ceteris paribus, a positive effect on the equilibrium quality level while these exogenous variables have ambiguous effects on producer price at equilibrium. Empirical results from logit model estimation with survey data at farm-level in Kenya show that households with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Small-scale farm; Voice; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D18; O17; O33; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53004

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azimov, Abror.
The article considers aspects concerning effective coordination of scientific-technological development in Uzbekistan. In the conditions of new economy, insufficient development and use of innovations in the domestic economy will contain the rate of economic growth for any country. Government policies should enhance cooperation among R&amp;D structures and businesses to induce competitive innovations into the national economy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Socio-economical; Intellectual potential; Highly-skilled personnel; Ideas and innovations; Knowledge; R&amp;D.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O32; UDC: 62.001.33.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92393

Agricultural Research Impact Assessment: The Case of Maize Technology Adoption in Southern Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Frahan,   Bruno Henry de.
Adoption of the improved maize package was particularly rapid during the period 1980-86 when an attractive guaranteed price was offered and extension activities were reinforced by a maize project that included the establishment of a seed multiplication program. Following cereal market price liberalization in 1986, maize prices fell and have been subject to considerable variability. Area has continued to expand, but farmers have greatly reduced fertilizer use, switched back to maize-late millet intercropping, and substituted early maturing varieties better suited to their own food security needs. The estimated internal rate of return (IRR) to investment in maize research and extension in southern Mali over the period 1969-90 is 135%. This high rate can be...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008 - June 2009: 26; R11.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54729

A "DISJOINTED INCREMENTALIST'S" APPROACH TO MEASURING RESEARCH BENEFITS AND COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishel,   Walter L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13592

Biodiesel Mandate Laws in Argentina and Brazil: An Estimation of Soybean Oil Foregone Export Revenues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nardi,   Matias G.; Carpio,   Carlos E.; Davis,   Todd D.; Ward,   William A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/22/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6737

GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP INNOVATIONS AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION: TRADE AND WELFARE EFFECTS IN THE SOYBEAN COMPLEX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sobolevsky,   Andrei; Moschini,   GianCarlo; Lapan,   Harvey E.
We develop a new partial equilibrium, four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal. In the model, some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones; the RR seed is patented and sold worldwide by a U.S. firm; and producers employ a costly segregation technology to separate conventional and biotech products in the supply chain. The calibrated model is solved for equilibrium prices, quantities, production patterns, trade flows, and welfare changes under different assumptions regarding regional government's production and trade policies, differentiated consumer tastes, and several other demand and supply parameters. Incomplete...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Differentiated demand; Food labeling; Genetically modified products; Identity preservation; Innovations; Intellectual property rights; International trade; Loan deficiency payments; Market failure; Monopoly; Roundup Ready soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18348

SOME CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS USEFUL TO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS WORKING IN THE "INFORMATIONAL AGE"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13921

Income and Poverty Impacts of USAID-Funded Programs to Promote Maize, Horticulture, and Dairy Enterprises in Kenya, 2004-2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Mathenge,   Mary K.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Olwande,   John; Kirimi,   Lilian; Kamau,   Mercy W.; Githuku,   James.
Since 2002, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has funded programs to promote maize, dairy, and horticulture enterprises among smallholder farmers in Kenya under the Strategic Objective 7 of Increased Rural Household Incomes. On behalf of USAID, Tegemeo Institute has conducted household surveys to help track key indicators that monitor progress in the implementation of these programs. The first survey was conducted in 2004. Subsequent surveys were conducted every two years (i.e., 2006, 2008, and 2010). The sample comprises households participating and those not participating in the programs. The programs monitored include the Kenya Maize Development Program (KMDP), the Kenya Horticulture Development Project (KHDP), and the Kenya...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Income; Poverty; Household surveys; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121864

Allocating Conservation Resources under the Endangered Species Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langpap,   Christian; Kerkvliet,   Joe.
The necessity to develop a priority system to guide the allocation of resources to the conservation of endangered species is widely recognized. The economic theory of biodiversity has established a framework to do so, and has identified priority criteria that should be considered when making conservation decisions. This paper uses a random effects ordered probit model of endangered species recovery to simulate the effects of reallocating conservation funds among species listed under the Endangered Species Act according to these criteria. Our results suggest that if the goal of conservation policy is to preserve a diverse set of species, reallocating conservation funds according to criteria identified by economic theory would yield an improvement over...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered Species Act; Endangered species; Recovery plans; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Biodiversity; Critical habitat; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9784

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION'S SUGAR INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
We develop a welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits.  The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugar beet adoption in the European Union (EU) and the Rest of the World (ROW).  Our model results suggest that the ROW captures the largest share of the benefits (53 % of total welfare increase).  The EU sugar industry absorbs the next largest share of the benefits (30 %), with the smallest share (17 %) accruing to seed suppliers and gene developers.  Since EU intervention prices are exogenously fixed each year, EU consumers do not take part in the distribution of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31854

An Economic and Institutional Analysis of Maize Research in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karanja,   Daniel David.
Maize, the most important food crop in Kenya, contributes 44 percent of the per-capita, calorie intake. Increases in maize production over the past three decades have been attributed to the availability and adoption of modern maize techniques, especially fertilizer and hybrid seed. This paper estimates the rate of return to maize research to be 53 to 61 percent, and reveals that his impact was aided by complementary agricultural extension and seed multiplication and distribution programs. The paper describes the institutional framework that may have led to one of Kenya’s agricultural research success stories. It also poses challenges to the future of maize production in Kenya.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 19; O18.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54693

Impact of Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Protection on U.S. Exports and FDI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gu,   Weishi.
This version of the paper is subject to changes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Export; FDI; Technology transfer; Intellectual property rights; GMM; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C33; F21; F23; F14; O34; K33.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49414

RESEARCH ORIENTATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Chester B.
Division of agricultural economics research into behavioural vs. policy alternatives is proposed to reduce ambiguities implied by a positive vs normative division. The thesis is argued with reference to growth of the farm firm. A specific model is proposed. Brief comparisons are provided with alternatives in behavioural and policy applications.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1967
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22750

A COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE COUNTRY REGIONS’ DEVELOPMENT STATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baliuk,   Sviatlana.
The article studies issue of a comparative estimation of the country regions’ development level. The author offers a set of indicators for defining competitive advantages and drawbacks of social and economic development of territories on the basis of integrated estimations. The basis of the author’s approach is a principle of extraction of the regional rent in modern conditions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Region; Regional economic development; Rent.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94566

COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS IN THE AG-BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSACTION COSTS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pena,   Inaki; Boehlje,   Michael; Akridge,   Jay T.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26028

Institutional Learning and Change: An initiative to promote greater impact through agricultural research for poverty alleviation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Watts,   Jamie; Horton,   Douglas.
The ILAC Initiative consists of an evolving community of individuals committed to increasing the contributions of agricultural research to sustainable poverty reduction around the world. ILAC promotes research, methodology development and capacity development to increase understanding of agricultural change processes and increase the effectiveness of interventions to stimulate pro-poor innovation. This paper presents a broad overview of ILAC, including its background, origins and evolution, objectives and activities.  It also presents the initiative’s central hypothesis and a set of guiding questions. Theoretical frameworks that show promise for increasing understanding of issues related to capacities to learn, facilitate innovation, and contribute to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural; Research; ILAC; Pro-poor; Innovation; Farmers; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52536

Impact assessment of IFPRI's research and related activities based on economywide modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym.
"Why is an economywide approach helpful for analyzing food policies, and what has been the impact of that part of IFPRI's activities over the past decade? This paper (the 21st in a series of studies commissioned by IFPRI to evaluate the impact of its research and related activities) attempts to assess the worth of those activities as part of a wider process aimed at improving the effectiveness of IFPRI's work and documenting for donors the wisdom of investing in it.... The report begins by laying out the utility of an economywide framework (Section 2), before summarizing the inputs into TMD's economywide modeling and other activities since 1994 (Section 3). It then catalogs the various outputs and tries to measure their outcomes in terms of such things as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51819

Business Challenges in Commercialization of Agricultural Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael.
Technology has been a major driver of both the agricultural productivity increases of the past century and the financial success of many farm and agribusiness firms. The challenges of bringing new technology to market in the agricultural industry are changing - it is no longer adequate to conceive a new invention and convince farmers with a strong marketing campaign that they should adopt the technology that results from this invention. One of the plenary sessions at the 2003 IAMA meetings in Cancun focused on the challenges and opportunities in creating value from new technology. Participants included: Michael Boehlje, Center for Food and Agricultural Business, Purdue University; Lynn White, Vice President, Global Ag Services, Deere; Marcello Arguelles,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8124

Development and Dissemination of Improved Cassava Varieties in Uganda: Analysis of Adoption Rates, Variety Attributes and Speed of Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abele,   Steffen; Twine,   Edgar; Ntawuruhunga,   Pheneas; Baguma,   Yonah; Kanobe,   Charles; Bua,   Anthony.
The transition out of extreme poverty and hunger in agrarian economies requires an understanding of how new agricultural technologies are adopted by poor farmers. In Uganda, improved germplasm from the cassava breeding program has generated new varieties that are increasingly being grown by farmers. Although considerable success has been achieved in adoption of these varieties in general, there is increasing pressure on breeding and technology dissemination programs to improve the targeting of their efforts. This paper identifies the specific cassava varieties adopted thus far and their desirable and undesirable attributes. In addition, it determines the adoption rates of these varieties and the factors that have influenced the speed of adoption of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Uganda; Cassava; Breeding; Adoption; Variety Attributes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52198

Capacity Development as a Research Domain: Frameworks, Approaches, and Analytics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Sengupta,   Debdatta.
Strengthening national capacity for designing public policies and program interventions is fundamental for achieving development goals. Yet results of capacity strengthening programs have shown mixed results in the last fifty years. Capacity development, as a field of scientific enquirty still lacks a unified framework among development professionals. Capacity development is defined as the process by which individuals, groups, organizations, institutions, and societies increase their ability to perform core functions, solve problems, define and achieve objectives, and understand and sustainably deal with development issues. The concept of capacity as an integral component of development agendas is not new, yet it has only recently been acknowledged that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56122

The brave new world: imperfect information, segregation costs, and genetically modified organisms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moss,   Charles B.; Schmitz,   Troy G.; Schmitz,   Andrew.
The introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid 1990s appeared to be the latest in a string of technological innovations in agriculture. However, consumer resistance, particularly in Europe has limited the sector’s enthusiasm. One response to the limited enthusiasm has been the emergence of segregated markets for GM and non-GM products. These separated markets reduce economic welfare because they require additional costs in the marketing system. Offsetting these segregation costs, however, the introduction of GM technologies offers increased economic welfare through reduced commodity prices for consumers who are indifferent to the presence of GM traits and increased profits to producers who adopt GM technologies. This study develops the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified (GM) crops; Compensation principle; Segregation costs; Pareto principle; Immiserizing growth; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97497

Intellectual Property Protection for Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121308

Assessing Private Sector Agriculture Research and Innovation in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirsten,   Johann F.; Haankuku,   Choolwe; Stander,   Ruan.
Reliable data on private sector agricultural research and development is globally scarce, particularly in developing countries. In South Africa, it has been observed that research performance by the public sector via the Agricultural Research Council has declined in recent years and consequently, the private sector has embarked on a much larger role in South Africa’s agriculture research than before. However, the extent of this engagement remains unknown as data quantifying private sector agricultural R&amp;D is limited. This study identified 51 private firms that perform agriculture related research activities and attempts to gather primary data to determine the nature and extent of private R&amp;D in South Africa. However due to the large number of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Private sector agriculture Research and Development; Innovations; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95981

DOES TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURE ALLEVIATE POVERTY? A PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coxhead,   Ian A.; Warr,   Peter G.
We examine the impact of technical progress in agriculture on changes in measured poverty and aggregate welfare in a developing country. Using a small general equilibrium model, we show how the economic components of an observed change in poverty can be isolated to expose the significance of intersectoral linkages and the economic roles of changes in relative commodity and factor prices. Variation in the measured rate and distribution of poverty alleviation depends somewhat on the choice of poverty measure, but more substantively on structural assumptions and the effects of policy interventions in agricultural markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22859

PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING IN A PRIVATIZING WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.; Srinivasan,   Chittur S.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Intellectual property protection, globalization, and pressure on public budgets in many industrialized countries have shifted the balance of plant breeding activity from the public to the private sector. Several economic factors influence the relative shares of public versus private sector plant breeding activity, with varying results over time, over country, and over crop. The private sector, for example, dominates corn breeding throughout the industrialized world, but public and private activities in wheat breeding differ widely in Western Europe, different regions of the United States, Canada, and Australia. Public sector involvement in plant breeding may have benefits to society that the private sector's activities may not, fostering greater sharing of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Plant breeding; Economics; Public sector; Private sector; Research policy; Biotechnology; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33775

Did Agricultural Technological Changes Affect China’s Regional Disparity?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xiaoyun; Wang,   Xiuqing; Mao,   Xuefeng; Luo,   Wanchun; Xin,   Xian.
China’s agricultural sector has developed very rapidly in the past 30 years and agricultural technological progress is deemed one of the most substantial factors leading to its rapid agricultural GDP growth. In this paper, we assess the impacts of agricultural technological changes on regional disparity using a general equilibrium model of multiple regions and multiple sectors. Our results suggest that agricultural technological changes significantly reduced China’s agricultural regional disparity and accounted for 40% reduction in agricultural regional disparity in terms of agricultural GDP per capita. Agricultural technological changes, however, led to an increase in China’s overall regional disparity and accounted for 6% increase in its overall regional...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural technological change; Regional disparity; General equilibrium model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; R13; O18; O33; C67.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50322

Engendering Rural Livelihoods in Malawi through Agricultural Innovation Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mapila,   Mariam A.T.J.; Anesu,   Makina.
The study evaluates the gendered impacts of Agricultural Innovation Systems driven research on livelihood improvements in Africa.  Using a case study from Malawi, the study employs a quasi-experimental research design with propensity score matching to establish a counterfactual and single differencing to measure impact. Results demonstrate that innovation systems driven agricultural research programs impact positively and significantly upon the livelihood outcomes of rural women. However there are differences in benefits accruing to women in rural communities depending on headship of the household with female-headed households benefiting more as compared to women in male-headed households. Policy implications are that; although innovation systems thinking...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender equity; Quasi-experimentation; Enabling Rural Innovation; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123359

MEASURING THE RETURNS TO EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH FOR CORN, SOYBEANS AND WHEAT - AN APPLICATION OF RIDGE REGRESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendrickson,   Shelley; Sundquist,   W. Burt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14006

New Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption for Dealers under Imperfect Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jia,   Haili.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/23/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Real option; Demand uncertainty; New technique uncertainty; Noise; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34951

NEW DIMENSIONS AND POTENTIALS FOR AID-UNIVERSITY COOPERATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Lehman B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32202

Returns to New Technologies in the Australian Beef Industry: On-farm Research versus Off-farm Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xueyan; Griffith,   Garry R.; Mullen,   John D.
A multi-sectoral and multi-market model of the Australian beef industry is specified using an equilibrium displacement modelling framework. The model is implemented using average price and quantity data for the period 1991-1997 and market parameter values taken from the literature, derived from theoretical restrictions or from the authors’ subjective judgement. Total returns and the distributions among various industry groups from alternate R&amp;D and promotion investments, which result in 1% shifts in the relevant supply or demand curves, are examined.   In this paper, the implications for farmers from various on-farm R&amp;D investments (genetic research and nutrition research in backgrounding cattle for grain-finishing and in grass-finishing) and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123749

NAFTA AND U.S.-MEXICAN BEEF TRADE: LONG-RUN IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGES IN TRADE FLOWS FROM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melton,   Bryan E.; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This study examines potential long-term impacts on the U.S. and Mexican beef industries of the reduction in trade barriers under NAFTA and likely associated international technology transfers (of beef cattle, feeding methods, and meat packing) and foreign capital investments.  The beef industry is represented as four subsectors: cow-calf production, post-weaning beef production, meat packing, and leather production.  The analysis is accomplished through a multi-sector model of the U.S. and Mexican beef industries, estimation of key parameters, and simulation of long-run outcomes under three alternative scenarios.  Our results show that Mexico will dramatically expand the size of its cow herd.  The expanded supply and lower post-slaughter processing cost in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: North American Free Trade Agreement; Beef industry; Meat packing; Technology transfer; Tariffs; United States; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18256

TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN THE SETE TRAWL FISHERY, 1985-1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirkley,   James E.; Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Cunningham,   Stephen; Catanzano,   Joseph.
Fisheries throughout the world have long been subject to overfishing and excess capacity, which has generated substantial and increasing concern about biological and economic performance ramifications. These problems in part stem from substantial investment in technical improvements to boats and equipment in fishing fleets. Such technical change exacerbates the extent of excess fishing capacity, as well as low returns to fishing effort and investment due to catch limitations from both regulatory constraints and overfished stocks. However, economists have not yet attempted to quantify the extent or effects of technical change in fisheries. In this paper we use detailed data on innovation patterns for 19 vessels in the Sete trawl fleet of Southern France to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11980

Factors Influencing Industry Adoption of Private-Public Research on Marketing: The Case of the Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dentoni,   Domenico; English,   Francis.
Researchers have widely analysed the economic, managerial, social and psychological drivers of industry adoption of R&amp;D outputs both in the international (e.g. Rogers 2003) and Australian context (e.g. Pannell et al. 2006). Many of these studies have mainly focused on the drivers of industry adoption of technical research, whose value - increasing productivity or decreasing costs within a firm's boundaries - is generally more tangibly perceived by the industry (Pralahad 1993). On the other hand, research has not focused on the drivers of industry adoption of R&amp;D outputs stimulating market development, whose value - identifying and exploiting a market opportunity outside the boundaries of the firm - is usually more uncertain and difficult to be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100542

Trends in Research, Productivity Growth and Competitiveness in Agriculture in New Zealand and Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.; Scobie,   Grant M.; Crean,   Jason.
Investment in R&amp;D has long been regarded as an important source of productivity growth in New Zealand and Australian agriculture. Perhaps because research lags are long, current investment in R&amp;D is monitored closely. In this paper trends in public investment in R&amp;D and in productivity growth are reviewed. Investment in R&amp;D has been flat in both countries although in recent years investment in New Zealand has increased. Nevertheless research intensity in Australia has been significantly higher than that in New Zealand. Productivity growth is also likely to have been higher. Econometric evidence about the sources of productivity growth is rarely clear. We develop some scenarios about the importance of domestic and foreign R&amp;D and other...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Research and development; Research evaluation; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31965

The Impacts of Adopting Genetically Engineered Crops in the USA: The Case of Bt Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Li,   Jiayi.
This paper develops an econometric model to analyze the onfarm impact of adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops on pesticide use and yields after controlling for other factors.  The model, which corrects for self-selection and simultaneity and is consistent with profit maximization, is used to estimate the relationship between Bt corn adoption and insecticide use and yields using data from a nationwide farm survey carried out in 2001.  Statistically significant econometric results, controlling for other factors, show a moderate insecticide reduction and a small yield increase associated with adoption of Bt corn relative to using conventional corn varieties in 2001.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19318

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND THE CHOICE TO PURCHASE GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulkadri,   Abdullahi O.; Pinnock,   Simone; Tennant,   Paula F.
This paper presents the results of a survey conducted on public perception of genetic engineering in Jamaica.  Our findings suggest that the safety of genetically modified foods is a major concern for consumers and that the perception of the prospects for genetic engineering to improve the quality of life represents a major factor in a consumer'’s decision to purchase GM foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19984

Farming Systems Research in Eastern Africa: The Experience of CIMMYT and Some National Agricultural Research Services, 1976-81
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collinson,   M.P.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008 - June 2009: 14.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54068

Technology Diffusion, Abatement Cost, and Transboundary Pollution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heal,   Geoffrey; Tarui,   Nori.
This paper studies countries’ incentives to develop advanced pollution abatement technology when technology may spillover across countries and pollution abatement is a global public good. We are motivated in part by the problem of global warming: a solution to this involves providing a global public good, and will surely require the development and implementation of new technologies. We show that at the Nash equilibrium of a simultaneous-move game with R&amp;D investment and emission abatement, whether the free rider effect prevails and under-investment and excess emissions occur depends on the degree of technology spillovers and the effect of R&amp;D on the marginal abatement costs. There are cases in which, contrary to conventional wisdom, Nash...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Environmental Agreement; Pollution Abatement Costs; Endogenous Technological Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q50; H87; D70.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46653

Re-framing Zimbabwe's public agricultural extension services: Institutional analysis and stakeholders views
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanyani-Mlambo,   B.T.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54226

The CGIAR at a Crossroads: Assessing the role of international agricultural research in poverty alleviation from an innovation systems perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.
Globalization, technical change and migration are changing the dynamics of poverty and food production. These factors, combined with a better understanding of the nature of complex processes, are also changing the nature of scientific research, the roles researchers can play in poverty alleviation and the niches in which the CGIAR can operate. While keeping strong breeding and research programs, the CGIAR should devote increasing resources to better characterize the dynamics of poverty, redefine the networks it will use to promote the use of scientific information to foster innovation, link local innovators and researchers with international scientific networks, and help to build innovative capabilities in developing countries. These capabilities should...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CGIAR; Innovation; Agricultural research; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52534

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
For almost half a century World War II and the Cold War provided the political and fiscal context  for public investment in science and technology. The report prepared by Vannevar Bush, Science: the Endless Frontier (1945), advanced an investment rationale for federal support of scientific research. In spite of pressure from Congress and the Office of the President the scientific community has resisted the development and application of operational economic criteria for the allocation of research resources.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13613

Operational guidelines for assessing the impact of agricultural research on livelihoods.  Good practices from CIMMYT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: La Rovere,   Roberto; Dixon,   John.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56180

Food Security of SNAP Recipients Improved Following the 2009 Stimulus Package
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nord,   Mark; Prell,   Mark A.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 increased Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit levels and expanded SNAP eligibility for jobless adults without children. After these enhancements, SNAP participation and inflation-adjusted food spending by low-income households increased. Food insecurity declined by 2.2 percentage points among low-income households but was unchanged among households with incomes somewhat above SNAP-eligibility cutoffs.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121096

The Role of Infrastructure in the Rural - Urban Digital Divide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitacre,   Brian E.; Mills,   Bradford F.
A significant gap exists in the percentage of rural and urban households that connect to the Internet.  Furthermore, this "digital divide" has been increasing with respect to high-speed connections.  The primary course of action to address this emerging high-speed digital divide has been to subsidize digital communications technology (DCT) infrastructure.  This paper explores the diffusion of DCT infrastructure in both rural and urban areas over the period 2000 - 2003, and estimates its contribution to the emerging divide in high-speed access.  The findings suggest that the rural - urban high-speed divide is more strongly associated with differences in household characteristics like education and income than differences in infrastructure.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19352

THE NEED FOR RESEARCH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARM POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Paul C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17878

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kutschukian,   Jean-Marc.
Economists, especially agricultural economists, have undertaken extensive analysis of the gains of technological-based scientific research. This is in stark contrast to the efforts undertaken to understand the economic effects of environmental scientific research. Economic evaluation of environmental science is important because knowledge-based government agencies are regularly required to justify their research expenditure and set clear priorities for their research programmes. This paper addresses the gap in the literature by offering a general framework for evaluating environmental scientific research. The paper is structured around two themes central to appraisals of environmental research: (a) the non-market nature of environmental outcomes; and (b)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6026

THE ECONOMICS OF NON-GMO SEGREGATION AND IDENTITY PRESERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.; Desquilbet,   Marion; Nitsi,   Elisavet I.
We survey grain and soybean handlers and producers in the U.S. and EU to estimate costs of preserving the identities of GMO and non-GMO crops in marketing channels.  We introduce our estimates into the IFPRI IMPACT model to simulate the effects of identity preservation on farm incomes and consumer well-being.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21845

RESHAPING THE CONVENTIONAL WELFARE ECONOMICS FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Some of the crucial assumptions of applied welfare economics do not hold any longer in the case of agricultural biotechnology innovations.  We review some modifications to the conventional methodologies measuring the size and distribution of agricultural research benefits, which are critical for the assessment of the economic impact of agricultural biotechnology in the European Union.  While some modifications are related to the specific features of modern agricultural biotechnology and technology adoption, others are related to the specific institutional settings of the European Union’'s Common Agricultural Policy and commodity markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31835

UNDERSTANDING THE RURAL - URBAN DIGITAL DIVIDE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whitacre,   Brian E.; Mills,   Bradford F.
This paper explains the current "‘digital divide"’ in internet use between rural and urban areas using a Logit adoption model with data collected from the August 2000 Current Population Survey.  A non-linear decomposition shows that rural – urban household attribute differences account for 66 percent of the digital divide, while place based differences account for the remaining 34 percent of the divide.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19743

Consumers' Perceptions about Genetically Modified Foods and Their Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Genetically Modified Food Labeling: Evidences from Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karli,   Bahri; Bilgic,   Abdulbaki; Miran,   Bulent.
We applied a multinomial logit model to determine consumer characteristics affecting three possible policy regulations that wanted to be implemented for genetically modified foods in Turkey. The study reveals that many household characteristics including food spending amount, education, gender, marital status, knowledge about food related policies and regional variables are key policy factors to choose regulation programs on GMO foods. People are more prone to implement compulsory policy on GMO foods than that of voluntary policy.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6754

SOME ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Srinivasan,   Chittur S.; Shankar,   Bhavani.
Under the TRIPs Agreement , all member-countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are required to provide an "effective" system of plant variety protection (PVP) within a specific time frame. In many developing countries this has led to a divisive debate about the fundamental desirability of extending intellectual property rights (IPRs) to agriculture. But empirical studies on the economic impacts of PVP, especially its ability to generate large private sector investments in plant breeding and facilitate the transfer of technology, have been very limited. This paper examines two aspects of the international experience of PVP legislation thus far (i) The relationship between R&amp;D expenditures and PVP grants and (ii) The role of PVP in facilitating...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20437

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Land Productivity: Evidence from the Rice-Prawn Gher Farming System in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barmon,   Basanta Kumar; Kondo,   Takumi; Osanami,   Fumio.
Rice-prawn gher (RPG) farming system is an indigenous agricultural technology solely developed by farmers since mid 1980s. The present study aims to estimate the land productivity of modern varieties (MV) paddy production under RPG and (year-round modern varieties) YRMV paddy farming systems in the southwest Bangladesh. The RPG farming system has significant impacts on inputs used in MV boro paddy production. The findings of the study indicate that more chemical fertilizers were used in per ha MV boro paddy production under YRMV paddy farming in comparison with RPG farming. Similarly, per ha cost of irrigation, pesticides and land preparation were also higher in MV boro paddy production under YRMV paddy farming system compared to RPG farming system. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rice-prawn gher farming; Year-round MV paddy farming; Land productivity; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7843

An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of NSW Agriculture Research and Extension - Conservation Farming and Reduced Tillage in Northern NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scott,   J. Fiona; Farquharson,   Robert J.
This assessment of research and extension in conservation farming in northern NSW was done as part of a systematic process of evaluating the economic, social and environmental impacts of major research, extension and education programs. The conservation farming program was a key area of investment by NSW Agriculture and an evaluation process fulfils accountability and resource allocation requirements. This analysis evaluates the investments by the former NSW Agriculture in conservation farming and reduced tillage programs from the late 1970s to 2002. The benefit-cost ratios (BCR) for no till only and no till plus reduced tillage practices up to 2002 were 4.1:1 and 9:1, respectively. The net present values (NPV) of the benefits from these efforts up to 2002...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Benefit cost analysis; Conservation farming; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28001

PRODUCER GAS FUELED IRRIGATION: EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL OF A TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiker,   Clyde F.; Bauman,   Eric.
Development and commercialization of technologies that utilize on-farm energy sources are beset by uncertainty.  Producer gas, a technology that allows wood to be converted to a gaseous fuel which can power internal combustion engines, is evaluated for irrigation systems using simulation modeling and stochastic efficiency analysis.  For many market conditions, producer gas stochastically dominates diesel fuel for powering a center pivot irrigation system in terms of lower cost.  Commercial potential exists, but experience with pilot installations is required to further reduce uncertainty.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29737

GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS FROM A NORTH-NORTH-SOUTH TRADE MODEL: A BIOTECH REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Hightower,   Amie L.
The emergence of agricultural biotechnology and policy responses to is altering global agricultural trade patterns.  This paper models the effects of restrictive policies concerning the production and consumption of genetically modified agricultural products.  The model relies on a Hecksher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework, adapted to include neo-Schumpeterian research and innovation.  The model includes two 'North' countries, the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), and the 'South'.  The EU is represented as prohibiting the production and consumption of biotech products, but not restricting biotech research relative to NA.  Model results include implications for economic growth, welfare, and trade patterns for the EU, US and S, given the restrictive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11566

Design and Implementation of Flower Export Consortium in Ceará State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: da Silva Junior,   Aziz Galvao; Perez,   Ronaldo; Amin,   Daniel; Sabioni Ferreira,   Marjorie A.
The Brazilian presence in international commerce, despite the regional leadership in Latin America and the global importance of Brazil as an emerging economy, is quite limited, reaching only 1% of the world’s total trade. Nevertheless, the agribusiness sector is responsible for half of the country’s export and Brazil is the world leader in sugar, coffee, orange juice, tobacco, soybean and beef export. Export growth is considered to be a key factor for the economic development of the country and many governmental programs are being carried out. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), through its Cooperative Department (DENACOOP), has joined these efforts. The DENACOOP export consortia program is focused on building strategic alliance...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Flower production chain; Export consortium; Ceará -Brazil; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122024

Innovation at the State Level: Initial Effects of Welfare Reform in Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keng,   Shao-Hsun; Garasky,   Steven B.; Jensen,   Helen H.
In 1993, the State of Iowa, through waivers, implemented reforms to its welfare program creating the Family Investment program (FIP), a program similar to the Federal Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program created in 1996. This paper examines the experiences of individuals and families who left FIP during the initial years. The program is designed to help FIP recipients achieve economic self-sufficiency. The analysis of linked state administrative record data and other local data shows that the Iowa experience has been relatively successful in supporting the transition of those leaving FIP. Almost three fourths of those leaving the program remained off for at least 12 months. Higher wage and child support collections were important factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child support; Social assistance programs; Welfare reform; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18439

AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN LATIN AMERICA: A 2020 PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trigo,   Eduardo J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16336

Should I Make or Should I Buy? Innovation Strategies and Governance Structures in the Italian Food Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pascucci,   Stefano; Royer,   Annie; Bijman,   Jos.
This paper analyses the “make or buy” decision of food firms applied to innovation strategy using 389 Italian food firms data from the Unicredit 2007 database. We develop a set of hypothesis from three theoretical perspectives such as transaction cost economics, strategic management and resource-based view. Our paper aims at highlight whether or not different firm’s features can be linked to the decision to make or buy. We found out that these two decisions are positively interlinked. Moreover we also found out that it is difficult to indicate a clear-cut behaviour for the Italian food firms if we refer to making or buying decisions. We discuss these results and use them to bring some interesting outcomes to discuss managerial implications and/or policy...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation determinants; Technology sourcing; Innovation.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121856

The Rate of Return to Agricultural Research in Uganda: The Case of Oilseeds and Maize
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laker-Ojok,   Rita.
This paper is intended to address primarily the determination of the rate of return to previous investments by USAID and GOU in soybean, sunflower, and maize research in Uganda, but will, to a more limited extent, also discuss the anticipated returns to ongoing research in these three commodity programs and outputs expected within the next four years.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Oilseeds; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 33; R11.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54728

Tomato Farmers and Modern Markets in Nicaragua: A Duration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hernandez,   Ricardo; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper explores whether farm land and non-land assets determine the participation of tomato growers in modern markets in Nicaragua, and how farmers’ duration as supermarket suppliers affects the farm technology they use. The methodology is based on a survival analysis approach. We use data from a stratified random sample of tomato farmers in Nicaragua over a 10-year period. Our results show that participation in supermarket supply chains as supermarket supplier is not determined by farm size, contrary to a common hypothesis, and thus small farmers can be supermarket suppliers. However, non-land assets are important determinants of being in the modern channel: these assets include irrigation, nonfarm assets (linked to nonfarm employment) and education....
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Supermarkets; Nicaragua; Technology Adoption; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O19; O54; O13; Q12; Q13; Q15.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121802

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GM BEET AND CANE (PowerPoint Presentation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duff,   Andrew.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32918

Technical Change in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.; Hayami,   Yujiro.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95539

A Microcomputer Based Planning and Budgeting System for Agricultural Research Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodman,   Daniel C.; Stilwell,   Thomas C.; Smith,   P. Jordan.
This paper presents a prototype model for a microcomputer generated integrated planning, budgeting, reporting, and management information system suitable for agricultural research organizations in developing countries.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Microcomputers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads November 2008-June 2009: 4; Q18.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54751

TECHNICAL CHANGE AND EFFICIENCY AT US LAND GRANT UNIVERSITIES: IS THERE ANY FAT LEFT TO CUT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Barham,   Bradford L.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Kim,   Kwansoo.
This work uses non-parametric efficiency analysis and a unique panel data set to analyze efficiency and technical change at US universities from 1981-1998 with a special emphasis on Land Grant institutions.  The analysis demonstrates that Land Grants are on average more efficient than their counterparts.  While in the 1980s they had higher levels of technological change, in the 1990s that declined to levels similar to other types of universities.  Identifying factors influencing efficiency and technological progress in university production provides key insights into the future of the Land Grant system.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20237

Cover and Contents Pages
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  Front Cover, Editorial Information, Contents Page, Editorial Board, Association Officers, Executive Committee
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55552

TO REACH THE POOR: RESULTS FROM THE ISNAR-IFPRI NEXT HARVEST STUDY ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS, PUBLIC RESEARCH, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Atanassov,   Atannas; Bahieldin,   Ahmed; Brink,   Johan; Burachik,   Moises; Cohen,   Joel I.; Dhawan,   Vibha; Ebora,   Reynaldo V.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Herrera-Estrella,   Luis; Komen,   John; Low,   Fee Chon; Omaliko,   Emeka; Odhiambo,   Benjamin; Quemada,   Hector; Peng,   Yufa; Sampaio,   Maria Jose; Sithole-Niang,   Idah; Sittenfeld,   Ana; Smale,   Melinda; Sutrisno; Valyasevi,   Ruud; Zafar,   Yusuf; Zambrano,   Patricia.
Local farming communities throughout the world face productivity constraints, environmental concerns, and diverse nutritional needs. Developing countries address these challenges in a number of ways. One way is public research that produces genetically modified (GM) crops and recognize biotechnology as a part of the solution. To reach these communities, GM crops, after receiving biosafety agreement, must be approved for evaluation under local conditions. However, gaps between approvals in the developed and developing world grow larger, as the process of advancing GM crops in developing countries becomes increasingly difficult. In several countries, only insect resistant cotton has successfully moved from small, confined experimental trials to larger, open...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Regulation; Biotechnology; Genetic modification; Public research; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16065

Applications of Dynamic Programming to Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Review and Prognosis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   John O.S.
Farmers are faced with many decision problems in crop and livestock production which are multistage and stochastic. There have been many applications of dynamic programming (DP) to such decision problems, many primarily for illustrative purposes. It is argued that the advent of farmer access to computers will lead to on-farm use of DP. Applications of DP to forestry, fisheries and agricultural policy are also reviewed. The scope and limitations of DP are discussed, and the close relationship between DP and control theory is examined.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12234

The diffusion of trace element technology: an economic analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.
This study will endeavour to quantify the innovative and imitative aspects of copper-zinc adoption for chosen regions of the State of South Australia. This will be followed by attempts to ‘explain’ any observed inter-regional differences in the estimated adoption parameters. Chapter 2 will provide a brief overview of the scientific investigations which uncovered the relatively dramatic impact of copperzinc fertilizers on broad-acre crop and pasture production. This will be followed in Chapter 3 by a detailed consideration of the techniques used by previous studies to quantify observed adoption patterns. Particular emphasis will be given to the (symmetry) assumptions of the commonly employed logistic function as it relates to studies of the diffusion of new...
Tipo: Thesis
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121798

Analisis del sistema argentino de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parellada,   Gabriel H.; Ekboir,   Javier M.
El sector agropecuario ha desempeñado siempre un papel fundamental en la economía argentina. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, los productos de origen pampeano tuvieron un fuerte crecimiento gracias a la adopción masiva de nuevas tecnologías de comercialización y producción. Estas tecnologías fueron desarrolladas por redes de agentes que incluyeron en forma prominente productores innovadores, empresas privadas e investigadores de instituciones públicas. Sin embargo, las instituciones mismas tuvieron una participación limitada, y su mayor impacto se derivó del desarrollo de semillas mejoradas de los principales cultivos pampeanos. En la primera mitad del siglo XX, Argentina construyó un sistema público de investigación fuerte, localizado fundamentalmente en...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7694

The optimal management of research portfolios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bardsley,   Peter.
Risky research projects are, other things being equal, intrinsically harder to monitor than projects that are less risky. It is shown using agency theory that a standard cost benefit analysis, which ignores the agency problem, will introduce a bias towards excessively risky projects, and it will under‐estimate the benefits from complementary investments in libraries, scientific equipment and other expenditures that increase the productivity of scientists. Research managers should be risk‐averse in their choice of projects, and they should aim to hold a balanced portfolio of projects. The nature of this portfolio problem is, however, quite different from the portfolio management problem in financial markets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117158

Maize in Indonesia: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swastika,   Dewa K.S.; Kasim,   Firdaus; Sudana,   Wayan; Hendayana,   Rachmat; Suhariyanto,   Kecuk; Gerpacio,   Roberta V.; Pingali,   Prabhu L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7647

Privatization, Public R&amp;D Policy, and Private R&amp;D Investment in China's Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hu,   Ruifa; Liang,   Qin; Pray,   Carl E.; Huang,   Jikun; Jin,   Yanhong H.
Private R&amp;D is a major source of innovation and productivity growth in agriculture worldwide. This paper examines trends and determinants of agricultural R&amp;D in China. Results show that while the public sector monopolized agricultural research until recently, private agricultural R&amp;D has grown rapidly since 2000, driven largely by agribusiness privatization. Public-sector R&amp;D investments in basic research also encouraged private R&amp;D research, but public investments in technology development crowded out private R&amp;D investment. China’s private R&amp;D investment would grow more rapidly if the government shifted public resources from technology development to basic research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; China; Private R&amp;D; Privatization; Public R&amp;D; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117213

Innovative Behavior and Spatial Location - Using Patent Counts and Geographic Location To Estimate Innovative Spillins
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miranowski,   John A.; Monchuk,   Daniel C.
In this paper we examine the relation between geographic location and innovative behavior.  Knowledge spillins, as opposed to knowledge spillovers, are modeled as an externality which exists between geographically close economic agents and enters the representative inventor production function explicitly from neighboring regions. To proxy new innovative behavior and new knowledge generated we use counts of patent filings per county. The proposed geographic spillin is tested for the US Midwestern States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota using a newly constructed data set and implementing spatial statistical methods. The data set is comprised of primary inventor utility patent filings per county for the years...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Patents; Spatial Econometrics; Innovative Spillins; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18226

Geographical Analysis of US Green Sector Industry Concentration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Register,   D. Lane; Lambert,   Dayton M.; English,   Burton C.; Jensen,   Kimberly L.; Menard,   R. Jamey; Wilcox,   Michael D.
This paper analyzes the geographic distribution of “green energy” sector clustering in the lower 48 United States using recent developments in industry concentration analysis. Evidence suggests that the ten green energy subsectors and the aggregate of the firms comprising the green energy sector are regionally concentrated. Positive changes in industry concentration from 2002 to 2006 tended to be greatest in non-metropolitan counties, suggesting comparative advantage with respect to site location for the composite of firms making up these sectors.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Location Quotient; Renewable Energy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119742

ROLE OF INFORMATION IN THE DECISION TO ADOPT GENETICALLY MODIFIED SEED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexander,   Corinne E.
We examine the role of information in farmers' decisions to adopt GM corn, and find that the set of influential information sources is substantially different in 1997 and 1998.  Further, our results suggest that one high quality information source is more influential than the quantity of information.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19862

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH: LESSONS ON ATTRIBUTION AND EVALUATION FROM IFPRI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.; Garrett,   James L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16581

Economic gains of improving soil fertility and water holding capacity with clay application: the impact of soil remediation research in northeast Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saleth,   Rathinasamy Maria; Inocencio,   Arlene; Noble,   Andrew D.; Ruaysoongnern,   Sawaeng.
Declining productivity of agricultural soils in Northeast Thailand is a challenge facing land managers and farmers. A program was initiated in 2002 to investigate the potential role of incorporating clay-based materials into degraded soils as a means of enhancing productivity. This research report attempts to provide an ex-post assessment of the field level impact and economic viability of this approach, using the empirically derived estimates of the average income impacts that the application of bentonite or clay technology has generated among farm communities in Northeast Thailand. From an exclusive IWMI perspective, the impact evaluation suggests that the program has a net present value (NPV) of US$0.41 million with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.44...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Soil improvement; Impact assessment; Research projects; Soil fertility; Sandy soils; Water holding capacity; Clay soils; Soil water relations; Soil management; Farming systems; Crop yield; Vegetable crops; Rice; Sorghum; Models; Statistical methods; Cost benefit analysis; Economic analysis; Economic aspects; Thailand; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53064

The Solaria Syndrome: Social Capital in a Growing Hyper-technological Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antoci,   Angelo; Sabatini,   Fabio; Sodini,   Mauro.
We develop a dynamic model to analyze the sources and the evolution of social participation and social capital in a growing economy characterized by exogenous technical progress. Starting from the assumption that the well-being of agents basically depends on material and relational goods, we show that the best-case scenarios hold when technology and social capital both support just one of the two productions at the expenses of the other. However, trajectories are possible where technology and social interaction balance one another in fostering the growth of both the social and the private sector of the economy. Along such tracks, technology may play a crucial role in supporting a “socially sustainable” economic growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Economic Growth; Relational Goods; Social Participation; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; J22; O41; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93415

On the Development and Use of Automated Management Aids
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nuthall,   Peter L.
The last twenty years have seen the development of many techniques designed to provide management information. Despite this, comparative budgeting is still the most commonly used analytical technique in applied farm management. There are moves, however, to change this situation through the development of systems designed to enable management aids to be readily available. These systems usually rely on the use of a computer. In this paper the current situation is reviewed by outlining system categories that have been developed and through discussing the important questions in the successful development and use of automated management aids designed for farmer use.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12547

Demographic Influences on Willingness to Pay for Cold Tolerance Technology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCorkle,   Becky.
New technologies in agriculture have the potential to increase production levels, reduce risk, and improve profits for farm operators. However, in order for this to take place the technologies must appeal to producers, creating enough interest that they decide to invest in them. Gauging the level of interest in a technology and the types of producers who will be interested in trying it are important steps in technology development. Cereal crops such as wheat are important to agriculture in Canada in terms of both acreage and revenue. Researchers in Canada are currently attempting to develop more cold tolerant cereal crops to reduce the risk of frost damage and increase the area available to produce these crops. A producer survey including questions on past...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113236

TESTING FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED GRAINS AND OILSEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shipman,   David R.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33461

Validation of a Psychometric Scale to Measure Consumers’ Fears of Modern Food Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caracciolo,   Francesco; Coppola,   Adele; Verneau,   Fabio.
The main consumer trends in food sector are two: on the one hand there is a growing demand for modernity (functional foods, convenience foods, healthy foods such as low calories and low-sodium foods), on the other hand there is a increasing demands for naturalness (organic foods, natural foods, local products and typical products). Moreover, in recent years consumers’ fears of novel food technologies are well documented and several psychometric scales were tested for the analysis of consumer’s attitude towards new technology. Therefore the ability to identify population segments that have greater or lesser neophobia/neophilia, thus enabling identification of early adopters of innovative products, would be more and more useful. A survey which bore such...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food technology; Consumer perception; Psychometric scale; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122005

Upland crop technologies in Cambodia: economic evaluations and some adoption issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farquharson,   Robert J.; Scott,   J. Fiona; Sareth,   Chea.
Agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) has being conducted in the upland districts of Cambodia to develop new farming systems and crop management technologies. Levels of farm income in these areas are relatively low due to small farm sizes and low crop productivity. Work is also planned to encourage the process of adoption of these technologies, and here we investigate how this process can be facilitated. A literature review identifies two important technology characteristics, ‘relative advantage’ and ‘trialability’, for successful adoption. Minimum or target rates of return on investment in new technologies are discussed as a means of investigating how much improvement in relative advantage might be enough to encourage successful adoption of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: New technology; Adoption; Upland crops; Cambodia; Economic assessment; Social; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6008

Measuring the Requirements and Benefits of Productivity Maintenance Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blakeslee,   Leroy L.
Though the case for maintaining the even increasing agricultural resource productivity seems quite clear, the definition of maintenance research seems to be less so. I will proceed with an examination of what maintenance research is perceived to be, and how it is to be differentiated from non-maintenance research. Some evidence on the scope and nature of maintenance research activities will then be considered. Next, I will present some results from attempts to estimate structures formulated specifically to quantify the processes involved. The paper then concludes with some observations about possibilities for future work.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50021

SOUTHERN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: SOME VIEWS ON RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tyner,   Fred H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29844

Strengthening Agricultural Research in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Monty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45769

'HOLDING UP' THE PUBLIC AGBIOTECH RESEARCH SECTOR OVER COMPONENT TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesser,   William H.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26024

Record-Keeping Technology Adoption in the Louisiana Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grisham,   Elisabeth; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.
Louisiana farmers were surveyed to determine their adoption of information and record-keeping technologies, including the internet, DHIA, use of financial measures, and frequency of use of computerized records.  Factors influencing adoption included having a family successor, overall technology adoption propensity, diversification, off-farm income, college degree, and others.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34975

Changing Face of the Agri-Food Market: A Farmers Response and Possible Solutions from a Provincial Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matoti,   Bongiswa; Vink,   Nick; Bienabe,   Estelle.
The rise of supermarkets, together with large-scale food manufacturers, has deeply transformed agri-food markets in many countries. This expansion has been evident in South Africa as well. Increasing attention has been and is being paid to the growth of supermarkets in countries outside of North America and Europe. Numerous studies have been carried out in developing countries, including South Africa. However, these studies, while identifying the growth of supermarkets and the changes in supply chains, notably downstream, that have been caused by this growth, have made relatively little progress in documenting the impacts at producer level and in identifying issues that need to be addressed. There is a special need for studies on how farmers and supporting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52098

Do Leader and Organizational Characteristics Affect Scientist's Productivity? A Multilevel Analysis of Nigerian Agricultural Research System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ragasa,   Catherine; Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Abdullahi,   Aliyu Sabi.
Organizations offer employees with opportunities to cultivate their innovativeness and facilitate greater productivity. In this paper we analyze preconditions for individual productivity of agricultural researchers in Nigeria, measured in terms of the self-reported number of scholarly publications and technologies produced; presence of external collaborators; number of dissemination events for publications produced; and perceived adoption level of technologies developed. It utilizes a multilevel analysis to systematically examine what characteristics of individual scientists and organizations promote greater individual productivity. The statistically significant random-effect estimates show that there is considerable variance across the 47 organizations...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organizational culture; Multilevel analysis; Poisson; Productivity; Research; Motivation; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; L32; D23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103723

The Need for Agricultural Data in South Africa: With Specific Reference to the Western Cape Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehlers,   A.C.; Frick,   A.
In order for public and private decision-makers in the agricultural sector to use agricultural information for decision-making, solving problems or increasing their knowledge, the necessary data on agriculture must be available. As a result of the deregulation of the agricultural marketing sector in South Africa, the supply of this type of data has decreased. Also, the need for data on agriculture by the various decision-makers, i.e. the policy-makers, researchers, agricultural service industries as well as the farmers and extension officers, has changed. Since information systems are always based on the needs of the decision-makers, the need for data on agriculture should be determined before either existing methodologies are improved or new methodologies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6939

THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN WESTERN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
This paper reviews agricultural research structural and organization changes in western developed countries, examines new financing prospects for agricultural research, and provides some tentative conclusions about which organizations are best positioned to provide services for the 21st century.  Given that these countries face many similar economic, political, scientific, and agroclimatic factors and fiscal issues, we can expect a similar set of similar new developments that have potentially important and widespread long-run implications.  After three common developments are outlined, principles of impure public good financing are applied leading to the following agricultural science policy recommendations (i) new political jurisdictions should be formed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural science policy; Research funding; Agricultural research; Developed countries; Impure public goods; Optimal decentralization; Alliances; Intellectual property rights; New developments; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18262

Jövedelemtérképek a precíziós növénytermelésben
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smuk,   Norbert; Milics,   Gabor; Nemenyi,   Miklos.
A mezőgazdaságban egy-egy tevékenységnél magas tőkeigényű beruházások szükségesek a termeléshez. Ezek fényében érthető, hogy a gazdálkodó a piac változékonyságát csak lassan képes követni, ezért több időbe telik a piaci hatásokra történő reagálás. Napjaink vezetőinek ma már nem elég kifogástalanul ismerni a növénytermelés rejtelmeit, megfelelő ökonómiai látásmód is szükséges. Ehhez nyújthat segítséget a szemléletes jövedelemtérkép, amely a gazdálkodónak egyértelmű információkkal szolgál a jövedelmezőségről, és amit hazánkban eddigi ismereteink szerint még nem készítettek. Jelen publikációnk a jövedelemtérképezés gyakorlati alkalmazhatóságát hivatott bemutatni. A jövedelemtérképek hasznosítható többletinformációkat nyújtanak a hozamtérképekhez képest....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tápanyag-visszapótlás; Hozam-; Jövedelemtérkép; Precíziós növénytermelés; Nutrient supplementation; Yield and revenue maps; Precision farming; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99084

Biomassza-alapú energiák innovációjának genomikai megközelítései
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marothy,   Gergely; Kondorosi,   Eva; Bíró,   Tibor.
A genomika valódi eszköz a biomassza-alapú energiák innovatív kutatása területén, egyes részterületei (metagenomika, transzkriptomika) ténylegesen alkalmazhatók a biomassza-alapanyag optimalizálása során, illetve a biomassza-konverzió hatékonyságának javításában, ezáltal a megújuló energiatípusok előállítási költségeinek csökkentésében. ------------------------------------------------ Genomics is a useful tool in innovative research into biomass energy. Certain fields of genomics (metagenomics, transcriptomics) have a practical application in biomass optimisation and in improving the efficiency of biomass, and can thus help reduce the costs of renewable energy production.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Genomika; Biomassza; Kutatás; Innováció; Biomass energy; Genomics; Innovation; Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119937

The Agricultural Research System of Pakistan: The Report of the Minnesota Reconnaissance Team
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Cardwell,   Vernon B.; Crabo,   Bo G.; Teng,   Paul S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8426

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN KOREA: FACTOR AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Hallman,   William K.; Jang,   Ho-Min; Puduri,   Venkata S.
The study applies multivariate statistical and econometric tools to estimate the importance of the various factors driving Korean consumer acceptance of GM food products.  The evidence thus far on biotechnology is decidedly mixed: public perceptions of food biotechnology are characterized by ongoing tension between opposing forces.  The South Korean perceptions about food in general and ranges from excitement about the promise of environmental and economic benefits from GM products to fear and distrust of the technology for unknown risks. This highlights the importance of credibility of private and public institutions responsible for certifying the safety of GM foods and implementing necessary regulatory controls on GM processes and products. In between,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18179

The Benefits and Beneficiaries of "Public" Investment in Herbicide Use Research and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crowe,   Bronwyn; Lindner,   Robert K.; Llewellyn,   Rick S.
The allocation of benefits from research and development of new herbicide uses is dependent on patent status. The agricultural chemical industry will preferentially invest in herbicide R&amp;D that increases the use of on-patent herbicides from which a company can capture a price premium. The distribution of benefits from increased use of on-patent herbicide will alter over time, with grain growers benefiting at the expense of agrichemical companies once the patent expires. Public sector investment in herbicide R&amp;D may also benefit the agrichemical industry. The size and allocation of the benefits from R&amp;D into on-patent herbicides is analyzed using economic surplus techniques. Two case studies are examined. One involves research into the choice...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25330

Achieving sustainable food security and poverty reduction through consumer cooperatives in Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helmerich,   Juliana; Moid,   Ma; Hanisch,   Markus; Wulf,   Bernd.
The Old Town of Hyderabad is characterized by a great number of low-income households, poor infrastructure and limited access to basic amenities, subsequently resulting in high crime rates. In this very traditional and religious society, the majority of the women in the Bastis of the old town face restrictions, discrimination and inequality as well as the struggle for basic nutritional intake every day. To help them with their daily responsibilities and add value to their lives the Confederation of Voluntary Associations (COVA) has initiated self-organized self-help groups (SHG), which encourage these women to save money so that, further down the line, they can take a loan. This micro-credit approach has been successfully implemented in rural areas. In...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36910

Public investment to reserve Dutch disease: the case of Chad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levy,   Stephanie.
This paper studies the relevance of agricultural policies for avoiding Dutch Disease, which affects many less developed countries experiencing a resource boom. Using a computable general equilibrium model calibrated for Chad, we study the impact of using this country’s annual oil revenue for public investment, particularly in the development of road and irrigation infrastructure. Our model takes into account the integration of markets and migration processes. We find that improving water access would reduce Chad’s dependence on food aid and entail a substantial improvement in rural household welfare.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O110; O130; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55398

Adoção tecnológica e seus condicionantes: o caso da bananicultura no agropolo Cariri - CE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oliveira,   Maria Aparecida Silva; Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Lima,   Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales.
Utilization of technology in agriculture makes it productive and promissing, contributing to its development. Investiments done by Govern of Ceará in agriculture have concentrate mainly on irrigated agriculture, through the agropoles, prevailing fruit-growing, banana being one of the chief crops. Banana crop performs an important role for cearense agriculture, however, it is generally characterized by low productivity, low technological level and large losses in production. The objective of this study was to measure the technological level of the irrigated banana crop in Agropole Cariri and to verify which are the factors conditioning the technological adoption. The calculated index showed that the technological index adopted in banana crop is classified...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Banana crop; Agropole Cariri; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56731

SPATIAL DIMENSION OF EXTERNALITIES AND THE COASE THEOREM: IMPLICATIONS FOR CO-EXISTENCE OF TRANSGENIC CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckmann,   Volker; Wesseler,   Justus.
“"No form of agriculture should be excluded in the EU."” Many observers see this recent statement by European agricultural commissioner Franz Fischler as a clear signal towards a nearby lifting of the quasi EU moratorium on transgenic crops (or GMs for short) launched in 1998 (European Commission 2002). One of the last obstacles towards lifting the moratorium, however, is the problem of coexistence. How can GM-crops and non-GM-crops coexist? Since the European Environmental Agency published its report on "“Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): The significance of gene flow through pollen transfer”" (EEA 2002) the debate focuses on the external effects that GM-farmers may cause to non-GM farmer if accidental pollen transfer takes place. While strong...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19534

SOCIOECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINERS OF DURABLE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE FOOD-PRODUCING AGRICULTURE OF CAMEROON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Temple,   Ludovic; Kwa,   Moise; Bikoi,   Achile.
The challenges posed by food security for populations in sub-Saharan Africa and the fact that extensive production systems are reaching their limits in food-producing agriculture imply accelerating technological innovation toward ecological intensification of agricultural production systems. A review of research on plantain banana in Cameroon since 1988 revealed how institutional innovation enabled hybridization of different forms of research (fundamental, systems, and action research) and reinforced the organizational innovation required for technical change. Evaluation of impacts underlined the complementarity between an increase in productivity and in income in rural areas, the production of human and social capital and the protection of forest resources.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Food crops; Cameroon; Sustainable development; Plantain; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7938

INCENTIVE-BASED POLICIES FOR CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION AND OUTPUT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khanna,   Madhu; Isik,   Murat; Zilberman,   David.
The cost-effectiveness of alternative green payment policies designed to achieve a targeted level of abatement by heterogeneous microunits is analyzed. Abatement costs and implications for production and government payments are compared using a simulation model for controlling drainage from cotton production in California with drip irrigation as a conservation technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21803

Survey Data Cleaning Guidelines: (SPSS and Stata). 1st Edition.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaver,   Margaret.
The purpose of this document is to outline the steps in the process of preparing data for analysis after data entry is complete. Examples of commands are given for both SPSS – version 19 – and Stata – version 11. These steps are a culmination of two decades of working with agricultural surveys in Kenya, Zambia, Mali and Mozambique.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: SPSS; Stata; Data Cleaning; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123553

Whither the Crown Research Institutes?  Funding Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Robin.
In the course of another exercise (Johnson, Scrimgeour &amp; Manning 2006) I compiled, with the help of CCMAU, a financial record of the crown research institutes from 1992 to 2005. In this paper I thought I would share with this audience some of the facts that emerged from the exercise and make some observations about present and future trends in the organisation of R&amp;D funding in NZ. There has been a systematic clamour from the agricultural institutes that the initial plans for the CRI discriminated against their activities. This led to job uncertainty as well as a huge increase in transaction costs in the process of obtaining funds. More recently, the activities of the agricultural interests has seen a re-activation of forward planning for this part...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crown Research Institutes; Funding; Contestability; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31969

The dynamics of link formation in patent innovator networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sebestyen,   Tamas; Parag,   Andrea.
The paper presents a simple extension of the Barabasi-Albert model of network evolution. This model is based upon the assumption that new links are formed not only according to the centrality of other nodes in a network but geodetic distance is also important in link formation. Simulation results show that if link formation is based on distance then the resulting network is more clustered than in the case of centrality being the dominant factor in link formation. Our empirical results show that in European regional patent inventor networks distance is a considerably more important factor in link formation than network centrality.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Network evolution; Knowledge-transfer; Cluster.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94631

The Trends of the Agrarian Foreign Trade of CR after Accession to EU, Competitiveness of Commodities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burianova,   Jaroslava.
The extent of agricultural foreign trade (AFT) of the Czech Republic (CR) increased markedly after accession to EU. The first part of this article is devoted to the trends during the period of 2004 – 2008. Detailed analysis of the CR AFT has been carried out for all 24 items of the basic food goods during the same period for the assessment of competitiveness of individual commodities. The Balass indicator RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) was used for this analysis, as well as the Michaely index that shows the specific measure of specialization for export. The method of logarithmic decomposition, which makes it possible to determine the effect of prices and quantities to net export has also been used. This paper was processed within the framework of the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrarian foreign trade; Foreign trade; Competitiveness; Competitive advantage; Balass RCA indicator; Michaely index; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96857

A Northern Tablelands Whole-Farm Linear Program for Economic Evaluation of New Technologies at the Farm-Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alford,   Andrew R.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Cacho,   Oscar J.
The benefits of evaluating a new technology in a whole-farm context using a linear programming framework are well known. Linear programming allows the joint evaluation of concurrent farm activities, while considering the costs and returns of all enterprises and any resource adjustments imposed by adoption of the technology. This Report provides a rationale for and description of a whole-farm linear programming model that can be used for the economic evaluation of new technologies that are applicable to beef/sheep grazing farms typical of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.  In this farming system, the whole-farm focus incorporates various aspects of the pasture base, resource constraints and sheep and cattle interactions.  An overview of economic...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28010

A Dynamic Adoption Model with Bayesian Learning: Application to the U.S. Soybean Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Xingliang; Shi,   Guanming.
Agricultural technology adoption is often a sequential process. Farmers may adopt a new technology in part of their land first and then adjust in later years based on what they learn from the earlier partial adoption. This paper presents a dynamic adoption model with Bayesian learning, in which forward-looking farmers learn from their own experience and from their neighbors about the new technology. The model is compared to that of a myopic model, in which farmers only maximize their current benefits. We apply the analysis to a sample of U.S. soybean farmers from year 2000 to 2004 to examine their adoption pattern of a newly developed genetically modified (GM) seed technology. We show that the myopic model predicts lower adoption rates in early years than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology adoption; Bayesian learning; Structural estimation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104577

Intellectual Property Protection and Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Czap,   Hans J.
Well-designed and enforceable intellectual property rights (IPRs) provide economic incentives for research and development (R&amp;D). Despite the apparent benefits to the existence of strong IPRs, many countries have a poor record in IPR protection. This paper develops a game-theoretic model of heterogeneous producers and endogenous innovators to analyze the causes and consequences of IPR infringement. Analytical results show that IPR infringement affects pricing and welfare in the market. The optimal IPR protection for the government depends not only on the pricing decision of the innovator, but also on its country size and its conjecture about the policy of other governments. A government can only use IPR protection as a strategic trade policy tool if...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19455

ON THE USE OF PRODUCTIVITY-INCREASING TECHNOLOGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE CASE OF INLAND VALLEY SWAMP RICE FARMING IN SOUTHERN MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimithe,   Georges; Bernsten,   Richard H.; Staatz,   John M.; Sanogo,   Ousmane; Coulibaly,   B.S.; Simpara,   M.
There is no improved seed-fertilizer technology available that can generate the needed growth in agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa to meet food demand by the rapidly increasing population.  This paper identifies factors associated with inland valley swamp rice farmers'  decisions to adopt "improved" varieties and/or fertilizer.  To achieve this objective, input-specific logistic models were estimated using survey-generated data collected from a random sample of 221 rice plots (one per farmer) selected from a purposive sample of 12 Mali-Sud bas-fond villages during the 1995-96 cropping season.  The model estimation results show that the farther the village is from the closest market, the lower the probability to adopt the "improved" variety,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11788

STREAMLINING THE RISK ANALYSIS PROCESS AND ENSURING THE OPTIMAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR FOOD SAFETY: THE CASE APPLICATION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pawlik,   Darcy R.; Procyshyn,   Tara L.; Khachatourians,   George G.; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Food safety and security may be improved by using technological innovation.  However, hostile consumer reaction to scientific solutions is commonly accompanied.  The case analysis of food and environmentally borne Fusarium mycotoxins and illnesses is examined to clarify a situation where the biotechnological tools could be utilized.  Fusarium species cause serious economic hardships.  The greatest concern is in diseases like Fusarium head blight (FHB) associated with deadly mycotoxins, as well as opportunistic species such as Fusarium solani can directly infect humans, causing serious illness.  An evaluation of the risk analysis framework critiques and makes suggested solutions in order to effectively manage the use of biotechnology in sensitive...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34292

An Overview of the Canadian Agriculture and Agri-Food System
Provedor de dados: 31
This 2008 report provides an economic overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  It is meant to be a multi-purpose reference document to provide:  an introduction to the agriculture and agri-food system;  a snapshot of structural changes that are occurring throughout the system in response to various factors; and  background data and information to inform public discussions on challenges and opportunities facing the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.  The 2008 report begins with a special feature describing recent developments in global commodity markets when prices rose dramatically over the past year. It continues by reviewing each segment of the system, going upstream from consumers to food distribution, food, beverage and...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agri-food; Gross Domestic Product; GDP; Employment; Exports; Imports; Innovation; Inflation; Farm typology; Farm income; Government support; Program payments; Profitability; Processing; Concentration; Water; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46805

RETAIL DEMAND FOR WHOLE VS. LOW-FAT MILK: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON LOSS LEADER PRICING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Green,   Geoffrey M.; Park,   John L.
This analysis employed retail scanner data to investigate the demand for fluid mild differentiated by fat content.  All own-price elasticities were significant and negative.  Demand for low-fat milk was elastic, while demand for whole milk was inelastic.  This article addresses the use of milk as a loss leader.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20827

Social Capital and Soil Erosion Control in Agriculturally Marginal Areas of Kenya: The Case of Machakos and Taita-Taveta Districts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Obare,   Gideon A.; Mwakubo,   Samuel M.; Ouma,   Emily Awuor; Mohammed,   Lutta; Omiti,   John M.
This paper evaluates the farmers’ perception of the soil erosion problem, and identifies and analyses social capital elements that motivate households to actively participate in soil conservation in agricultural production process. The data used in the study was generated using a structured questionnaire in a survey that covered 321 households in Kenya’s semi arid districts of Machakos and Taita-Taveta Districts.  Two modelling strategies were used: A Probit model was used to estimate the likelihoods of factors that may influence farmers’ perception of soil erosion problem, and a Tobit to estimate parameters of factors that influence terracing intensity. The results indicate that although perception of the soil erosion problem is relatively high in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Marginal areas; Soil erosion; Perception; Two-step estimation; Kenya; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C24; D23; Q15; Z13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9532

Space Vs. Networks in the Geography of Innovation: A European Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nosvelli,   Mario; Maggioni,   Mario A.; Uberti,   Teodora Erika.
In the last fifteen years, income differences among European Member States have been strongly narrowing while the process has been matched with a widening of the inter-regional variance within single countries. Traditionally, regional economic disparities in Europe have been ascribed to peripherality and/or to a high level of dependence on declining sectors. Nowadays regional disparities can be no longer defined only in terms of statistical differences in the values of standard macroeconomic indicators, but also according to innovative capacities and knowledge endowment. This paper provides an original framework for the interpretation of the existing relationships between innovation process and research activity in Europe and the structural and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12078

EX ANTE NON-MARKET VALUATION FOR NOVEL PRODUCT: LITERATURE REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dofonsou,   Sika Gbegbelegbe; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
This paper provides a critical review of the literature on non-market valuation methods to estimate the welfare impact of novel products; it is the first study to assess both observed data- and perception-based methods as non-market valuation methods. Observed databased methods include budgets, regression, mathematical programming, and simulation. Perceptions-based methods include the contingent valuation method, choice-based conjoint analysis and experimental methods. Findings imply that the preferred observed data-based method to estimate the ex ante economic impact of a new technology on the welfare of the farm household is a combination of simulation and mathematical programming. The preferred perception-based method for estimating the ex ante impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Staff working papers; Dept. of Agricultural Economics; Internet publications; Purdue University; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B0; B4; C0; C6; R2.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6327

Cow-Calf Producer Perceptions Regarding Individual Animal Traceability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Tonsor,   Glynn T.
This study provides valuable insights into cow-calf producer voluntary participation in the National Animal Identification System and producers’ perceptions of several issues critically impacting the success of voluntary traceability systems. Cow-calf producers believe that the most important issues to the U.S. beef industry in designing a national, individual animal traceability system are monitoring/managing disease, maintaining current foreign markets, accessing foreign markets, and increasing consumer confidence. Furthermore, producers are concerned with cost, liability, reliability of technology, failure of system to meet stated goals, and confidentiality of information associated with these systems.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal traceability; Cow-calf; National Animal Identification System; Voluntary adoption; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q18; R38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100517

WATER ALLOCATION POLICIES FOR THE DONG NAI RIVER BASIN IN VIETNAM: AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ringler,   Claudia; Vu Huy,   Nguyen.
Recent water sector reforms, increased scarcity and vulnerability of existing water resources, combined with declining public funding available for large-scale infrastructure investment in the sector have led to an increased awareness by the Government of Vietnam for the need to analyze water resource allocation and use in an integrated fashion, at the basin scale, and from an economic efficiency perspective. This paper presents the development, application, and results from an integrated economic-hydrologic river basin model for the Dong Nai River Basin in southern Vietnam that attempts to address these issues. The model framework takes into account the sectoral structure of water users (agriculture, industry, hydropower, households, and the environment),...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin model; Water allocation policy; Integrated assessment; Vietnam; Dong Nai basin; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60325

The Asia Bureau Agricultural Research Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8427

Measuring Public Agricultural Research Capital and Its Contribution to State Agricultural Productivity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
A methodology for measuring public agricultural research capital is developed and described for the first time, new public agricultural research capital measures for each of the 48 contiguous US states, 1970-1999, are presented, and a new econometric analysis of the contribution of public agricultural research capital to state agricultural productivity is reported. Public agricultural research capital across the states is shown to have five different growth patterns, only one of which is at a constant rate. New TFP results show that public agricultural research capital contributes significantly to agricultural productivity and is larger than previous estimates. Intrastate and spillin public agricultural research capital are shown to be complementary, but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research capital; Agriculture; States; Measurement; Productivity decomposition; TFP; Agribusiness; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4; Q16; Q10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55845

Structural Forecasts for the Danish Economy Using the Dynamic-AAGE Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Philip D.; Andersen,   Lill; Jacobsen,   Lars-Bo.
We describe how an applied dynamic general equilibrium model of the Danish economy has been developed to generate structural forecasts. The forecasts provide a microeconomic picture that is consistent with a macroeconomic scenario and the other inputs. We provide an overview of the inputs required to generate the forecasts and of the forecast methodology. Finally, we present aspects of the forecasting results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24791

Using Spatial Analysis to Study the Values of Variable Rate Technology and Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullock,   David S.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
We present a review of the last few years' literature on the economic feasibility of variable rate technology in agriculture.  Much of the research on this topic has involved the estimation of site-specific yield response functions.  Data used for such estimations most often inherently lend themselves to spatial analysis.  We discuss the different types of spatial analyses that may be appropriate in estimating various types yield response functions.  Then, we present a taxonomy for the discussion of the economics of precision agriculture technology and information.  We argue that precision agriculture technology and information must be studied together since they are by nature economic complements. We contend that longer-term, multi-location agronomic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Spatial econometrics; Variable rate technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C31; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25393

Protecting traditional ethno-botanical knowledge in South Africa through the intellectual property regime
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Daya,   Y.; Vink,   Nick.
Traditional knowledge has been used, and is increasingly being used, in a wide range of industries for the development of new products. Increasing awareness of the economic value of biological diversity has resulted in industries seeking to exploit traditional knowledge and biodiversity through opportunistic behaviour (biopiracy). This is also happening in South Africa, where numerous industries are developing new products. Recent advances in the field of biotechnology have created the need for greater intellectual property rights protection.  The protection of traditional knowledge has however long been ignored as developed nations and large industries have sought to promote self-serving systems of protection. In this paper the example of an indigenous...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31738

A Comparison of Response Surface and Factorial Designs in Agricultural Research: Comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.; Dillon,   John L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9230

Plant Genetic Resources for Agriculture, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology: Experiences from Cameroon, Kenya, the Philippines, and Venezuela
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Zambrano,   Patricia; Cohen,   Joel I.; Borges,   Orangel; Guimaraes,   Elcio P.; Hautea,   Desiree; Kengue,   Joseph; Songa,   Josephine.
Local farming communities throughout the world face binding productivity constraints, diverse nutritional needs, environmental concerns, and significant economic and financial pressures. Developing countries address these challenges in different ways, including public and private sector investments in plant breeding and other modern tools for genetic crop improvement. In order to measure the impact of any technology and prioritize investments, we must assess the relevant resources, human capacity, clusters, networks and linkages, as well as the institutions performing technological research and development, and the rate of farmer adoption. However, such measures have not been recently assessed, in part due to the lack of complete standardized information...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Public research; Funding; Innovation systems; Capacity building; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42329

CONSUMER VALUATION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS AND THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION BIAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanwechel,   Tamara; Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.; Schuck,   Eric C.; Lambert,   David K.
Bid prices were elicited for standard-label cookies, muffins, and potato chips and those identified as not including genetically modified (GM) ingredients using an experimental auction.  Including a statement that the product did not include GM ingredients increased bids over those offered for standard-label products.  Providing negative-biased information about the impact of GM crops on the environment increased the risk participants associated with GM foods, and positive-biased information decreased perceived risk.  Overall, providing impact information, whether positive- or negative-biased, increased bids for products presumed GM.  The influence of information bias on bids varied among selected participant groups, supporting the presence of uniquely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Environment; Experimental auction; Genetically modified; Information; Willingness-to-pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23620

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
There is strong synergy among research, education, technology development and technology transfer. Examples of successful public-private technology transfer linkage institutions are provided. But efforts to document the benefits of research conducted at the University of Minnesota to the state have rarely been conducted with the rigor that would be required to meet the test of professional credibility. A program of research to develop more rigorous evidence on economic benefits to the State is proposed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14185

UTILIZATION OF TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION MEDIA (TCM) FOR INNOVATION DISSEMINATION IN OBAFEMI OWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adedoyin,   S.F.; Dada,   O.M.
The study examined various traditional communication media (TCM) used by rural farmers as sources of information to improve their production in Obafemi Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Data were drawn from a sample of one hundred and twenty (120) randomly selected farmers using a structure interview schedule. The obtained data were described with frequency and analyzed using chi-square test. The results indicated that majority (62.8%) of farmers commonly received innovations through TCM such as discussion groups, market places, agriculture-based festivals, visits, cooperative society, traditional meetings, community elders, village squares, and relations. and found them effective. A significant relationship was established between farmers’...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54405

HOW DOES GENDER AFFECT THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS? THE CASE OF IMPROVED MAIZE TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morris,   Michael L.; Doss,   Cheryl R.
Why do men and women adopt agricultural technologies at different rates? Evidence from Ghana suggests that gender-linked differences in the adoption of modern maize varieties and chemical fertilizer are not attributable to inherent characteristics of the technologies themselves but instead result from gender-linked differences in access to key inputs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21609

DISCUSSION OF NEW DIMENSIONS AND POTENTIALS FOR AID-UNIVERSITY COOPERATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nobe,   Kenneth C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32178

Effects of Ill Health and Weather Variability on Savings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ndirangu,   Lydia K.
This paper examines the effects of households’ shocks on saving behaviour. It investigates the possibility that households save ex ante to buffer against adverse weather and health shocks. The relatively high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in Kenya combined with rain fed agriculture implies great uncertainty for rural livelihoods. Adopting a methodology previously used on cross-sectional data (Paxson, 1992), the paper examines the level of households precautionary behaviour. This is done by estimating the marginal propensity to save out of transitory income over a period of 18 months. The results show that while households may exhibit some level of prudence, the marginal propensity to save out of transitory income is about a third of what the permanent income...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household; Shocks; Savings; HIV/AIDS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52151

Evaluation de la diffusion et de l’adoption des variétés de riz NERICA en Guinée
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou; Sogbossi,   Marie-Josee; Diawara,   Sekou; Diallo,   Abdoulaye Sadio; Barry,   Alpha Bacar.
L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la diffusion et l’adoption des variétés de riz NERICA en Guinée cinq années après leur introduction. Les données collectées en 2002 sont relatives à  1535 paysans choisis dans 79 villages des quatre régions naturelles de la Guinée. L’approche d’estimation du taux d’adoption utilisée dans ce papier se fonde sur les théories modernes  d’évaluation au niveau micro-économique des impacts d’interventions politiques.  Nos résultats montrent que 39% de la population guinéenne connaissaient au moins une variété NERICA en 2001 avec 23% pour le taux d’adoption observé au sein de la population de riziculteurs. Plusieurs facteurs socio-économiques déterminent les taux de diffusion et d’adoption. Par ailleurs bien que le...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Mots clés Riz; NERICA; Diffusion; Adoption; Average Treatment Effect; Guinée; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52153

GHANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Gogo,   Joseph.
This brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Ghanaian public agricultural research since the early 1970s, including a new set of survey data for the 1990s collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) in itiative (IFPRI-ISNAR-CORAF/WECARD 2002-2003).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16189

Too Connected to Fail: The Effect of Alliance Network Structure on Farm Survival
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirwan,   Barrett E.; Martens,   Andrea.
Exogenous, unobserved factors often confound the effects of alliance networks.  More capable farmers might be less likely to exit and more likely to have a large number of alliances.  In this case the negative correlation between alliance network size and exit likelihood is due to the unobserved confounder--farmer ability--not the effect of network size on exit likelihood. Recognizing the endogeneity of alliance network size when determining a farm’s survival likelihood, we employ an empirical model that accounts for the bias caused by unobserved effects. We account for time-invariant unobserved effects with individual fixed effects.  We control for county-level confounding factors with a time-varying county effect. Finally, we address unobserved,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Networks; Alliances; Agriculture; Policy; Organizational structure; Industrial organization; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; L1; L14; L26; Q1; Q14; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103573

MARKETING STRATEGIES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FIRMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renkoski,   Matthew A.
DuPont Quality Grains is focused on improving grain quality for end users, rather than on farm production traits.  A major DuPont program is high oil corn.  Feed corn has a huge market, and, because it requires no intermediate processing, any enhanced value is measurable by end users.  Standard commodity markets do not function for capturing the value of enhance grains, and so DuPont works with end users, elevators, farmers, and seed companies to create market channels.  As biotechnology commercializes more value-enhancing traits targeted to specific agricultural customers, vertical value chains will become shorter and more coordinated while standard commodity markets will diminish.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; DuPont; Marketing strategies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15550

Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change; Key issues discussed at the workshop
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kristjanson,   Patricia; Lilja,   Nina K.; Watts,   Jamie.
This paper presents six key issues from the Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change Workshop (RIW) held in Cali, Colombia, March 26–28, 2008. The workshop discussed how agricultural and natural-resources research can be more effective in generating solutions for poverty alleviation and improving gender, social inclusion and equity, and how such research can be brought into the mainstream and how its impact can be assessed. A diverse group of over 60 participants (42% women) from 33 organizations (54% CGIAR and 46% non-CGIAR) attended the meeting. In this paper, we do not purport to represent a consensus of opinion among this diverse group, but rather our perspectives as the meeting organizers. These ‘take home messages’ were...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: RIW; Cali; Workshop; Impact; Key messages; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52538

Linking Global and Local Approaches to Agricultural Technology Development: The Role of Participatory Plant Breeding Research in the CGIAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Morris,   Michael L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46550

Environmental Tariffs: Will They Be Captured by Protectionists?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
Environmental tariffs appear to be a politically necessary part of the climate change policies that are emerging in many countries. The appeal of level playing field arguments is seductive and difficult to dispute. Environmental policy makers, however, may be naïve, because they fail to account for the potential of trade policy mechanisms and institutions to be captured by traditional vested interests seeking economic protection. The exact structures and institutional frameworks for environmental tariffs are often left vague by environmental policy makers, making them easy targets for protectionists. Environmental tariffs appear to be particularly vulnerable to capture given the complexity of production and the embryonic stage of the science of measuring...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Capture; Environmental tariffs; Level playing field; Protectionism; WTO; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91789

RESEARCH SPILLOVERS AND RETURNS TO WHEAT RESEARCH INVESTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: He,   Senhui; White,   Fred C.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
This study evaluates the rates of return to US wheat research investment, focusing on  research spillovers. Results show that research spillovers exist among various classes of wheat. Due to the spillover effects, social rates of return to research investment are substantially higher than the corresponding private rates of return.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35043

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE PRIVATIZATION OF GENETIC INFORMATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR INNOVATION AND EQUITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Lee Ann.
Changes in intellectual property rights systems have lead to the privatization of genetic resources and subsequently to the proliferation of new agricultural biotechnology products.  Since these innovations have the potential to increase agricultural production while limiting environmental degradation, the benefits from these technologies could be far-reaching.  However, while intellectual property rights are intended to encourage innovation in the private sector, private sector domination of the development of new products may skew the distribution of benefits away from marginally productive agricultural areas where poorer communities live.  The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the tension between the public goals of encouraging innovative use...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14365

The adoption of Bt-maize in Germany: An econometric analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Consmuller,   Nicola; Beckmann,   Volker; Petrick,   Martin.
In this study, we theoretically and empirically investigate the determinants of Bt-maize adoption in German regions. Specifically, we ask how the regulatory framework, the farm structures as well as the socio-political environment of GM expansion in Germany have influenced regional adoption rates. Following a description of the relevant legal and economic framework in Germany, we develop theoretical hypotheses concerning regional variation in Bt-maize adoption and test them econometrically with unique data at the Federal States (Länder) and County (Landkreis) level. The study provides evidence that the adoption of Bt-maize in different regions is positively affected by the amount of maize grown per farm and by the European Corn Borer (ECB) infestation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GMO crops; Germany; Panel data analysis; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53262

Input-Output Analysis with Public Policy Objectives: A Case Study of the Georgia Cotton Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flanders,   Archie; Smith,   Nathan B.; McKissick,   John C.
Farm bill legislation directed at agricultural commodities contributes to economies of rural areas. This research quantifies the economic impacts of the Georgia cotton industry for the U.S. economy. A cotton industry model with cotton and peanut acreage is utilized with IMPLAN to estimate impacts. The Georgia cotton industry creates 4% more tax revenues for federal, state, and local governments than it receives in commodity support payments. Stochastic simulation analysis indicates that the Georgia cotton industry is not likely to remain viable without government payments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; FSRI; IMPLAN; Industry model; Multivariate empirical distribution; Simetar; Social welfare analysis; Stochastic simulation; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62279

The Role of Science in Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colyer,   Dale.
Member nations of the World Trade Organization are permitted to develop regulations that might restrict trade if they do so for the purpose of protecting human, animal or plant life or health. The regulations, under both the Sanitary/Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade agreements, must be based on science, be non-discriminatory and be the least-trade-restrictive alternative. Uncertainty, a lack of adequate scientific evidence and differing interpretations have led to disputes about regulations applied by particular countries. If consultations cannot resolve the issues, dispute settlement panels and an appellate body adjudicate them; in these forums, scientific knowledge, studies and testimony by scientists play key roles.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dispute settlement; International trade; Precautionary principle; Sanitary/phytosanitary provisions; Technical barriers to trade; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23820

Requirements, Barriers and Advantages for the Adoption of E-commerce in the Spanish Agri-Food Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briz,   Julian; Fernandez,   M. Cristina.
The following paper shows the work in progress in the frame of the specific support action Program “E-Trust”. A initial qualitative study was carried out in order to find out evidences and opinions about the performance of e-commerce in the agricultural and food sector. The paper shows a brief description of the barriers, advantages and e-business tools related with the adoption of e-commerce. In order to explore this topic, qualitative interviews were conducted. The results of this first stage related with gaps and barriers in the e-business agricultural sector. Some results are the concerns such as the reluctance to adopt e-commerce strategies, the challenge of making perceptible the sensory characteristics of perishable products, the vulnerability to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecommerce; Barriers-advantages; Agrifood; Spain; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59205

Trends in University Ag-Biotech Patent Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barham,   Bradford L.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Kim,   Kwansoo.
This work exploits information on U.S. patents to identify trends in university ag-biotech patenting and citation performance. It sets forth some key issues concerning patterns of university ag-biotech patenting and then provides an empirical analysis on the evolving trends. Land Grant Universities account for most U.S. agbiotech patents. The data show a path dependent innovation pattern, in which there also seems to be a culture of patenting that develops at certain universities. Evidence shows that ag-biotech patents are more cited than the average university patent. Inequalities across Land Grant Universities are also evident in the production of agbiotech patents, although perhaps not to a much greater degree than underlying inequalities in funding and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25196

Induced Innovation in Italy: An Error Correction Model for the Period 1968-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baldi,   Lucia; Casati,   Dario.
In this work we utilise CES approach where factor ratios (mechanical power/labour and fertilizer/land) are regressed on price ratios and efficiency parameters (public and private R&amp;D) to obtain a direct test of the induced innovation in Italian case for the period 1968-2002. Provided that inducement hypothesis implies a long run relationship an error correction model (ECM) is estimated to separate long-run effect, that is technological innovation, from short-run effects, that is factors substitution. The results corroborate the induced innovation hypothesis and underline the importance of private R&amp;D in Italian agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; ECM; Italian agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24590

Neue Entwicklungen in der Debatte um gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97436

Gendered impact of NERICA Adoption on Farmers’ Production and Income in Central Benin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agboh-Noameshie,   Afiavi R.; Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe,   Florent M.; Diagne,   Aliou.
Today, development and dissemination of new technologies constitute an important strategy for agricultural intensification, poverty reduction and food security in developing countries. Rice is an important source of farmers’ income and foreign currencies in developing countries. Although women play a vital role in rice production, they have not been adequately involved in technology generation activities until recently. The New Rices for Africa (NERICA) were developed by Africa Rice Center (WARDA) in 1994 and disseminated starting in 1997 in some Sub-Saharan African countries including Benin in collaboration with National Agricultural Partners. This paper use econometric method based on Local Average Treatment effect (LATE) to estimate the gendered impact...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52082

Raising the Productivity of Public Investments in Zambia’s Agricultural Sector.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Govereh,   Jones; Shawa,   Julius J.; Malawo,   Emma; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Agriculture provides the main support for Zambia’s rural economy, and because of this, growth in the agricultural sector is the clearest avenue through which poverty reduction can be achieved in Zambia. Yet despite widespread recognition of the strong connection between agricultural development and poverty reduction, there is continuing under-provision of public goods investments for over a decade. Zambia’s primary policy objective of achieving accelerated growth and competitiveness in the agricultural sector cannot be achieved unless adequate public resources are committed towards catalyzing the desired growth. Strong evidence from southern Africa as well as throughout the world indicates that long–term public investment in research and development,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Zambia; Public investment; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54479

RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS: PROGRESS, LIMITATIONS, COORDINATION, NEEDS AND PROSPECTS - A DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Richard A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29661

Issues, impacts, and prospects of the first transgenic crops tolerant to a herbicide. The case of glyphosate-tolerant soybean in the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bonny,   Sylvie.
IAAE 2009 International Conference
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crop; GMO; Biotechnology; Agro-economic impact; Environmental impact; Sustainability; Soybean; Pesticide; Weed; Prospects; Herbicide; Glyphosate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q55; O3; O13; O51.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51449

Final Report-Workshop on Experiences and Options for Priority Setting in NARS, August 12-16, 1996, Nairobi, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
The motivation for this workshop came from two sources. First, under a project funded by USAID (AFR/SD/PSGE/TDT Office), Michigan State University (MSU) has been carrying out various activities to assist African national agricultural research systems (NARS) and regional organizations to improve their capacity for strategic agricultural research planning, including technology assessment and priority setting within a commodity sector framework. Second, recent collaborative work by the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) and the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) has focused on the development of a process and methods for program-level priority setting. The objectives of the workshop were (1) to provide a forum for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 11; F0.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54683

The diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in northern Thailand: Combining econometrics and agent-based modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schreinemachers,   Pepijn; Berger,   Thomas; Sirijinda,   Aer; Praneetvatakul,   Suwanna.
This paper studies the diffusion of greenhouse agriculture in a watershed in the northern uplands of Thailand by applying econometrics and agent-based modeling in combination. Adoption has been rapid by farmers in the central valley of the watershed, while farmers at higher altitudes, lacking transferable land titles that could serve as mortgage collateral, have been unable to obtain loans for greenhouse investment. The objectives of the paper are both methodological and empirical. On the methodological side, it shows that econometrically estimated models of farm household behavior are useful to design and to parameterize an agent-based model. On the empirical side, simulation results show that if mortgage collateral would not be required, then adoption in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation diffusion; Technology adoption; Multi-agent systems; MP-MAS; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; Q16; C6.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50899

Using Economics Experiments to Understand Patent Licensing Behavior
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdelnour,   Rita; Yiannaka,   Amalia.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61584

Applying Optimization and the Analytic Hierarchy Process to Enhance Agricultural Preservation Strategies in the State of Delaware
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Messer,   Kent D.; Allen,   William L., III.
Using agricultural preservation priorities derived from an analytical hierarchy process by 23 conservation experts from 18 agencies in the state of Delaware, this research uses weighted benefit measures to evaluate the historical success of Delaware’s agricultural protection fund, which spent nearly $100 million in its first decade. This research demonstrates how these operation research techniques can be used in concert to address relevant conservation questions. Results suggest that the state’s sealed-bid-offer auction, which determines the yearly conservation selections, is superior to benefit-targeting approaches frequently employed by conservation organizations, but is inferior to the optimization technique of binary linear programming that could have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation optimization; Farmland protection; Analytic hierarchy process; Binary linear programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95581

ANALYSIS OF USDA FUNDED RURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOUTHERN REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otto,   Daniel M.; Havlicek,   Joseph, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29535

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION ON THE TRADE OF FOOD PRODUCTS BETWEEN THE U.S. AND LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuentes,   Porfirio A.; Couvillion,   Warren C.; Allen,   Albert J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27126

UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Tizikara,   Clesensio.
This brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Ugandan public agricultural research since the early 1990s, drawing directly on a new set of survey data collected through the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16186

POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF RICE VARIETY AND WATER MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TEXAS GULF COAST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Eddleman,   Bobby R.; McCarl,   Bruce A.
The welfare benefits from potential rice yield-enhancing and water-saving research programs and their distributional implications under alternative farm program provisions are compared. This is done in an ex ante surplus maximization framework by using a multiregional, price endogenous mathematical programming model of U.S. agriculture. The simulation results indicate that government price support policies have profound impacts on the distribution of research benefits and distort interest group incentives and rankings for allocation of resources to research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32599

Bridging the Gap between Farmers and Researchers through Collaborative Experimentation. Cost and Labour Reduction in Soybean Production in South-Nyanza, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vandeplas,   I.; Vanlauwe,   Bernard; Merckx,   Roel; Deckers,   Jozef A.
The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre of Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT) introduced dual purpose soybean varieties in south-west Kenya both to improve soil fertility by nitrogen fixation and to provide a source of better food and income. Since the start of the project in 2005, the Uriri Farmer Cooperative Society was successful in spreading the seeds over the district. Nevertheless, farmers still had problems with soybean agronomy. We therefore started a Collaborative Experiment (CE) Approach in March 2006 to make soybean production more accessible to farmers. The approach consisted of four stages: 1) information sessions; 2) participatory rural appraisal; 3) collaboration in the whole process of experimentation,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collaborative research; Soybean; Participation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43935

Stigler's approach to recovering the distribution of first significant digits in natural data sets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Joanne; Cho,   Wendy K.; Judge,   George G.
In 1881, Newcomb conjectured that the first significant digits (FSDs) of numbers in statistical tables would follow a logarithmic distribution with the digit “1” occurring most often. However, because Newcomb’s proposal was not presented with a theoretical basis, it was not given much attention. Fifty-seven years later, Benford argued for the same principle and showed it was relevant to a large range of data sets, and the logarithmic FSD distribution became known as “Benford’s Law.” In the mid-1940s, Stigler claimed Benford’s Law contained a theoretical inconsistency and supplied an alternative derivation for the distribution of FSDs. In this paper, we examine the theoretical basis of the Stigler distribution and extend his reasoning by incorporating FSD...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benford's law; Stigler's law; Power law; Maximum entropy; Distance measures; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C10; C24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47000

Research and Extension Capabilities: Program Economists in New South Wales Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.; Vere,   David T.
In 1997 the economists in NSW Agriculture conducting applied economics research at its larger research stations were assigned to the Department'’s major programs of the Department. This report reviews some of their achievements since that time.   The report begins with a section describing the role of Program Economists and their management. Then follows a brief review of the main areas of interest of each of the twelve economists. A large section of the report is devoted to outlining major areas of research and extension where program economists, often working cooperatively, have made a significant contribution. These areas include:  • Analyses of market conditions for agricultural products; • Field crop economics; • Grazing and pasture economics; •...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28013

Innovation in Food Networks and Organizational Diversity: A Case Study from the UK Retail Cooperative Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sodano,   Valeria; Hingley,   Martin.
The still ongoing processes of consolidation and globalization affect the organizational diversity of the food system in very complex and somehow contradictory ways. The few transnational companies (TNCs) in whose hands the most part of food processing and distribution activities is concentrated, continuously look for organizational innovations to enhance their profits. Inter-firms collaborative arrangements, global sourcing and sector diversification are some of the most widely followed strategies that require (and/or lead to) new organizational forms. The paper identifies some important patterns of organizational structures and innovation in the food (and specifically food retailing) system, in order to evaluate the role and the competitiveness of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Local and global competitiveness; Retailing; Regional sourcing; Socially responsible food networks; UK; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59199

The Determinants of Innovation in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector: An Econometric Analysis at the Firm Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Cassey.
Econometric analysis of firm-level data from the recent National Survey of Innovation indicates large firms are more likely to innovate compared to small firms. Ownership structure is also found to be an important determinant of innovation - private limited and public limited firms are twice more likely to innovate compared to soleproprietorship firms. A surprising finding is the negative correlation between the propensity to innovate and the share of exports in sales. There is also no evidence that innovation is related to the extent or foreign vs. local ownership of firms. The findings on the influence of industry-level characteristics are mixed. While the influence of industry's technology level is inconclusive, the propensity to innovate is positively...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30670

Nível tecnológico e fatores de decisão para adoção de tecnologia na produção de caju no Ceará
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lima,   Sergiany da Silva; Khan,   Ahmad Saeed; Lima,   Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales; Leite,   Lucas Antonio de Sousa; Mattos,   Adriano Lincoln Albuquerque.
This paper analyses the technological adoption process in culture of cashew from Ceará. To reach this objective a survey was made from producers located in Ceará. As for measuring the technological level of producers were analyzed variables related to the practices of the system of culture of cashew. Moreover, we estimated the coefficients of the variables that influence the likelihood of technology adoption by regression function Cumulative Distribution Logistics Standard (Logit). It was observed that the farms occupied by the in nature cashew has the best technology level, using the recommended 46.7%, while those occupied with cashew for nuts and juice use only 36.4 and 30.1%, respectively. The access to credit, the price of nuts and the peduncle were...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop cashew; Technological level; Adoption technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94800

REFLECTIONS ON RELEVANCE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH:  DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15436

Pool of Basic Patents and Follow-up Innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langinier,   Corinne.
In a model with two basic innovations that are fundamental to the development of an application, we investigate whether a patent pool can rectify the lack of incentives for developers to invest in applications when basic innovators themselves cannot develop follow-up applications. Furthermore, following Green and Scotchmer (1995), we investigate whether broad basic patents are necessary in order to provide enough incentives for basic innovators. We show that patent pools are more likely to be formed with patents of very different breadth, or with patents of similarly wide breadth. However, even though patent pools rectify the problem of developers' incentives, they may reduce the incentive for doing basic research.In a model with two basic innovations that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21127

BIOTECHNOLOGY ISSUES FOR CROP PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wentworth,   Steve.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33274

INNOVATION IN THE SPANISH FOOD AND DRINK INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez,   Marian Garcia; Briz,   Julian.
This article examines the innovative performance of the Spanish Food &amp; Drink Industry (F&amp;DI).  Results highlight the 'evolutionary' rather than 'revolutionary' nature of innovation activities in the Spanish F&amp;DI.  However, the adoption of 'defensive/imitative' strategies by Spanish F&amp;D manufacturers raises important questions given the current manufacturer-retailer relationship with an increasing emphasis on innovation by food retailers when accepting/rejecting new products.  The paper stresses the importance of in-house technological capabilities in innovation performance with a higher probability for Spanish F&amp;D firms to be 'truly' innovative the higher their technological autonomy level.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34285

E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS WEBSITE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: German,   Carl L.; VanVranken,   Richard; Klotzbach-Shimomura,   Kathleen; Toensmeyer,   Ulrich C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27621

Returns to investment in IPM research in lettuce by NSW DPI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orr,   Leanne M.; McDougall,   Sandra; Napier,   Tony; Mullen,   John D.
Research into IPM technologies has been conducted by NSW DPI for over 20 years. Evaluating the returns from investment in specific research and development projects is an important component of the NSW DPI science and research program. An economic evaluation has been conducted of IPM in managing invertebrate pests in lettuce in NSW. We found that there has been widespread adoption of IPM practices amongst NSW lettuce growers leading to a flow of economic benefits to the lettuce industry and the community. Important environmental and human health benefits were also identified. A benefit-cost ratio of 2 was calculated for the return to NSW DPI investment in lettuce IPM research which while satisfactory, is lower than returns calculated for other agricultural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research; Benefit-cost; Evaluation; IPM (Integrated Pest Management); Lettuce; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94283

IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) TRAITS ON CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES - SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
In hard red spring (HRS) wheat, the two GM traits nearest to commercialization are fusarium resistant wheat (FRW) from Syngenta and Roundup Ready® wheat (RRW).  Monsanto announced that it has deferred the commercialization of RRW until issues of market acceptance are alleviated.  Monsanto acknowledged that it might reconsider its position if another agbiotechnology firm enters the GM wheat market.   A Cournot quantity competition model was developed to determine the equilibrium quantities of conventional pesticide and agbiotechnology firms.  The Cournot model was used because firms that must make production decisions ahead of the selling period, and firms with extensive research and development costs are not able to aggressively set prices.  Rather, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic modification; Fusarium resistance; Roundup Ready®; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23560

Estimating the Returns from Past Investment into Beef Cattle Genetic Technologies in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farquharson,   Robert J.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Barwick,   Steve; Banks,   Rob; Holmes,   Bill.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28009

ELEMENTS OF INDUCED INNOVATION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13943

The Evaluation of Industrial Research and Development Projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mansfield,   Edwin.
Economists, engineers, and others to formulate and study methods to evaluate industrial research and development R&amp;D projects. In this paper, my purposes are (1) to describe the results of recent studies to measure (ex post) the social benefits from industrial innovations, (2) to indicate the sorts of ex-ante evaluation techniques described in the literature and the extent to which they are used by American firms, (3) to provide measures of the biases and errors contained in ex-ante estimates of development cost, development time, and the profitability of new processes and products, and (4) to indicate the effects on probabilities of success of how quickly ex-ante economic evaluations are made.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49069

STRATEGIC LABELING AND TRADE OF GMOS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veyssiere,   Luc; Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This paper systematically analyzes the strategic effects of national regulatory decisions on labeling of GM products and identifies the determinants of the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium labeling regimes in a small number of producing countries that compete for access in the world market for an agricultural product.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20244

The Economic Impact in Developing Countries of Leaf Rust Resistance Breeding in CIMMYT-Related Spring Bread Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marasas,   C.N.; Smale,   Melinda; Singh,   R.P.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48768

Theoretical bases of construction of logistical systems in territories of the bordering states and their role in industrial-innovative development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koshumbaev,   Maksat.
Logistical systems, vertical and horizontal, micro- and macro-, play important role in optimizing economic cooperative relations among economic agents in territories of the bordering states. The author also thinks that logistical systems can stimulate creation of innovative productions and clusters.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Logistical systems; Industrial cooperation; Production management; Innovations; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L90; R4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94539

MADAGASCAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Randriamanamisa,   Rivonjaka.
This brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in Madagascan public agricultural research since the early 1990s, drawing directly on a new set of survey data collected through the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16191

2011 Updated Arkansas Global Rice Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The Arkansas Global Rice Model is based on a multi-country statistical simulation and econometric framework.  The model is disaggregated by five world regions: Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.  Each region includes country models which have a supply sector, a demand sector, a trade, stocks and price linkage equations.  All equations used in this model are estimated using econometric procedures or identities.  Estimates are based upon a set of explanatory variables including exogenous macroeconomic factors such as income, population, inflation rate, technology development, and especially, government determined policy variables which reflect the various mechanisms by which countries intervene in their rice sector economy.  Individual country...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rice; Trade model; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; CO2; C61; F11; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102650

Agricultural Productivity, Technological Change, and Deforestation: A Global Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brady,   Michael P.; Sohngen,   Brent.
This study takes advantages of recent developments in measuring total factor productivity in output specific directions to examine the influence of technological change in different agricultural sectors on land-use decisions in a cross-section of countries from 1969 to 2001. Results demonstrate a positive relationship between productivity and land in agriculture in most cases. The ruminant sector is an exception where an increase in productivity was negatively associated with amount of pastureland. The analysis also includes variables that have been found to be important determinants in other studies of land-use change. Population is clearly the dominant factor over the time period analyzed, although it is argued that other factors are likely to become...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6420

Farm Technology and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from Four Regions in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Chen,   Zhuo; Rozelle,   Scott.
In this paper we fit stochastic frontier production functions to data for Chinese farms grouped into each of four regions-North, Northeast, East, and Southwest-over 1995-1999. These frontier production functions are shown to have statistically different structures, and the marginal product information shows overuse of chemical inputs in the East and capital services in the North. Labor also has a low marginal product. Next, we use the data and the production parameters to create technical efficiency scores for each of the farms and then standardize them. Standardized technical efficiency is shown to have the same structure across regions and to be related to the age of the farmer, land fragmentation, and the village migration rate, controlling for year...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18210

Irrigation Technology Adoption Under Factor Price Uncertainty: Groundwater- Irrigated Production in Nebraska, 1960 -- 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Savage,   Jeff; Brozovic,   Nicholas.
The development of groundwater-irrigated production technologies, fed by water from the Ogallala Aquifer, facilitated the development of agriculture in the High Plains region of the United States that began during the 1960s. The current rate of pumping for irrigation in the region is causing the aquifer to be depleted in many areas, which is cause for concern from a socioeconomic and environmental standpoint. The goal of this paper is to assess the factors that affect the decision to adopt groundwater-irrigated production by farmers, in the presence of risk differentiated by heterogeneous farmland quality and groundwater depth. A binary choice model of adoption is estimated for Nebraska, from 1960 – 2005. The results suggest that farmers consider climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Technology Adoption; Risk; Ogallala Aquifer; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q15; Q32; Q55.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49585

The effects of inorganic salts on biosynthesis of pectinolytic enzymes by Aspergillus Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mojsov,   Kiro.
The paper examines effects of different inorganic salts in an apple pulp base on the production of pectinolytic enzymes with the aim of optimizing the medium for maximal enzyme production. The apple pulp  combined with corn flour and simple mineral salts was used as a nourishing base in submerged production of  pectinolytic enzymes by the  fungus Aspergillus niger MK-15. The growth of the microorganism (dry weight) on different sources of nitrogen showed  maximum dry weight with (NH4)2HPO4. The growth of the microorganism (dry weight) on different concentration of (NH4)2HPO4  (by 0.2% to 0.8%) provided maximal dry weight with 0.7% (NH4)2HPO4. The different inorganic salts (sources of nitrogen) on base  stimulated the production of pectinolytic enzymes and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Apple pulp; Fermentation; Inorganic salts; Pectinolytic enzymes; Aspergillus niger; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L65.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94732

The Introduction of Pharmaceutical Product Patents in India: "Heartless Exploitation of the Poor and Suffering"?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanjouw,   Jean O.
The decision to require that countries grant product patents for pharmaceutical innovations as a condition of membership in the World Trade Organization was very contentious. Almost fifty developing countries were not granting patent monopolies for drugs during the period the Uruguay round of GATT was being debated and these countries fiercely resisted the inclusion of this requirement, claiming that vastly higher drug prices would be associated with such patents. On the other side, business interests in the West urged them to consider the beneficial effects such protection might bring both in terms of focusing more research on tropical diseases and encouraging greater domestic and foreign investment in local research activities. This paper discusses the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28385

Information Programs for Technology Adoption: The Case of Energy-Efficiency Audits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Soren T.; Newell,   Richard G.
We analyze technology adoption decisions of manufacturers in response to energy audits provided by Department of Energy Industrial Assessment Centers. Using fixed effects logit estimation to control for unobserved plant characteristics, we find that plants respond as expected to financial costs and benefits, though there are unmeasured project-related factors that also influence investment decisions. Revealed behavior of plants suggests that most require a payback of 15 months or less as their investment threshold, corresponding to an 80% or greater hurdle rate. This is consistent with survey results for stated investment thresholds, suggesting that these programs do not lower hurdle rates, as some suggest. Plants reject about half of recommended projects;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency; Information; Technology adoption; Energy audits; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q41; Q48; O33; O38.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10916

The Information Age and Adoption of Precision Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ebel,   Robert M.; Schimmelpfennig,   David E.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120827

AFRICA'S UNFINISHED BUSINESS: BUILDING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.
This paper addresses four questions: · What lessons can be drawn from the "rise and decline" of NARS in Africa? · What can African research managers learn from some of the successful reforms of NARS in Asia and Latin America over the past 10 to 15 years? · What are the major challenges facing the NARS in the ASARECA region in the coming 10-20 years? · What are the critical reforms and the incentives needed to develop pluralistic, accountable, productive and financially self-sustaining NARS in AFRICA?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11802

The Livestock Revolution: A Pathway from Poverty?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Tim.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124003

Adoption of Variability Detection and Variable Rate Application Technologies by Cotton Farmers in Southern United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nair,   Shyam; Wang,   Chenggang; Segarra,   Eduardo; Belasco,   Eric J.; Velandia,   Margarita M.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
A nested logit model was used to analyze the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey to study the impact of farmer and farm characteristics on the adoption of Variability Detection Technologies (VDT) and the adoption of Variability Rate application Technology (VRT) conditioned on the type of the VDT chosen.  The results showed that the farm size and exposure to extension activities are important factors affecting the choice of VDTs.  The farmers adopting both soil and plant based VDTs are more likely to adopt VRT.  The probability of adoption of VRTs was lower for Texas cotton farmers irrespective of the type of VDT adopted.  In general, younger, more educated farmers who use computers for farming operations are more likely to adopt VRT when they...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision Agriculture; Technology Adoption; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103567

Sheep CRC Renewal Proposal: Economic Evaluation of the Proposed Scientific Themes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffith,   Garry R.; Vere,   David T.; Jones,   Randall E.
The Australian sheep industry and its associated research and development agencies have developed a proposal for the CRC for Sheep Industry Innovation. “Top-down” and “bottomup” procedures were used to assess the expected economic benefits from this proposal. Formal “with-CRC” and “without-CRC” scenarios were defined for each product and each research theme. Relevant costs were similarly defined. The requested investment by the Commonwealth and the Australian sheep industry in the CRC is assessed relative to a scenario where an alternative, lower cost research program into this industry is implemented. These extra resources have a discounted value of about $34 million over the 25-year period of this evaluation. These resources are sufficient to allow some...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wool; Sheep meat; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42656

IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) TRAITS ON CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huso,   Scott R.; Wilson,   William W.
In hard red spring (HRS) wheat, the two GM traits nearest to commercialization are fusarium resistant wheat (FRW) from Syngenta and Roundup Ready® wheat (RRW).  Monsanto announced that it has deferred the commercialization of RRW until issues of market acceptance are alleviated.  Monsanto acknowledged that it might reconsider its position if another agbiotechnology firm enters the GM wheat market.  A Cournot quantity competition model was developed to determine the equilibrium quantities of conventional pesticide and agbiotechnology firms.  The Cournot model was used because firms that must make production decisions ahead of the selling period, and firms with extensive research and development costs are not able to aggressively set prices.  Rather, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic modification; Fusarium resistance; Roundup Ready®; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23491

IN SEARCH OF THE PRIVATELY OPTIMAL PATENT BREADTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiannaka,   Amalia; Fulton,   Murray E.
Innovating firms choose to patent their innovations when patenting allows the appropriation of more rents than do other forms of intellectual property protection (e.g., trade secrecy). The level of innovation rents that can be captured by the patent is mainly determined by the breadth of patent protection. Thus, once the decision to patent has been made, the innovator needs to make another important decision, namely, how broad of a patent protection to claim. While the innovator's decision to patent the innovation or to keep it a secret has been examined in the literature (Horstmann et al. 1985, Waterson 1990), there is no formal framework of analysis of the innovator's patent breadth choice. Instead, the traditional assumption in the economic literature...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22114

IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY: FINDINGS OF AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Adato,   Michelle; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
The extent to which agricultural research has reduced poverty has become an increasing concern of policymakers, donors, and researchers. Until recently, poverty reduction was a secondary goal of agricultural research. The primary focus was on increasing food supplies and reducing food prices, a strategy that was successful in increasing the yields of important food staples. When increased productivity is combined with increased agricultural employment, lower food prices, and increased off-farm employment, agricultural research can be credited with significant reductions in rural poverty. However, these benefits do not necessarily materialize, and thus it is essential to understand how agricultural technologies influence and are influenced by the diverse...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Bangladesh; China; India; Mexico; Kenya; Zimbabwe; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16088

Effects of Bt Cotton in India During the First Five Years of Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadashivappa,   Prakash; Qaim,   Matin.
While previous research has analyzed the impacts of Bt cotton in India, most available studies are based on one or two years of data only. We analyze the technology’s performance over the first five years of adoption, using panel data with three rounds of observations. On average, Bt adopting farmers realize pesticide reductions of about 40%, and yield advantages of 30-40%. Profit gains are in a magnitude of US $60 per acre. These benefits have been sustainable over time. Farmers’ satisfaction is reflected in a high willingness to pay for Bt seeds. Nonetheless, in 2006 Indian state governments decided to establish price caps at levels much lower than what companies had charged before. This intervention has further increased farmers’ profits, but the impact...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt cotton; Genetically modified crops; Farm survey; India; Seed markets; Technology adoption; Willingness to pay (WTP); Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O32; O33; Q16; Q55; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49947

Crawfish Peeler Preferences for the Adoption of a Potential Crawfish Peeling Machine:  A Conjoint Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Darius; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.
Thirty crawfish processors' preferences for hypothetical crawfish peeling machines are evaluated using conjoint analysis.  Deveining is the most important attribute, with fat retention, individual handling of crawfish, and backstrap retention being roughly equal in importance.  Whether the machine is owned or leased is the least important attribute.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crawfish; Conjoint Analysis; Two-Limit Tobit; Cluster Analysis; Peeling Machine; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34969

The Impact of Biofuel Mandates and Switchgrass Production on Hay Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acheampong,   Kwame; Dicks,   Michael R.; Adam,   Brian D.
The Renewable Fuel Standard mandate in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requires 16 billion gallons out of 36 billion gallons of ethanol be produced from cellulosic feedstocks in 2022, but the mandate was apparently enacted without critical assessments of the agricultural impacts of attempting to achieve energy independence. The feedstock production will likely compete with lands currently used for producing other traditional crops of which hay is likely to be affected the most since it has comparatively lower net returns. Thus ruminant production will consequently be affected greatly. This study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate and predict Oklahoma hay price which is used as objective value in linear programming (LP) model...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuel mandates; Switchgrass production; Hay production; Hay markets.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98797

Demand and Supply of Induced Innovation: An Application to U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yucan; Shumway,   C. Richard.
The hypothesis of induced innovation (Hicks, 1932) is tested for U.S. agriculture using a high-quality state-level panel data set and three disparate testing techniques ¨C time series, econometric, and nonparametric. The conclusion of little support for the hypothesis is robust across testing techniques. However, each test maintains the hypothesis that the relative marginal cost of developing and implementing technologies that save one input is the same as for any other input. Lacking data on development and implementation costs of input-saving technologies, we use nonparametric procedures to estimate relative differences required for technological change to be consistent with the induced innovation hypothesis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9844

Introdução de Novas Tecnologias Agrícolas e Estratégias de Comercialização no Centro de Moçambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uaiene,   Rafael N.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Central Mozambique; New technologies; Inventory credit; Household farm model; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55860

Managing Global Climate Change An Executive Interview with Carole Brookins
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jose,   H. Douglas.
Carole Brookins is an international consultant known for her work as a policy and trade strategist on issues concerning the global political economy and its effect on the food and agriculture sector. She currently serves on the board of several corporate and non- profit organizations concerned with global food system issues and is currently helping to develop solutions which can offset the effects of global climate change through the reduction and management of carbon emissions—an issue of increasing importance in future food marketing and world trade. This interview was conducted by Doug Jose is a Professor and Extension Farm Management Specialist in the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Nebraska- Lincoln and host of the Market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global climate change; Food marketing; Carbon Exchange Market; Transportation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53806

PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
This study addresses the questions of future sources of technology for increasing food and agricultural production by considering the situation in Asia. This region of the world is particularly appropriate for studying these questions because of the dynamic changes in population and incomes. How much private research is there and what is it producing? Will the private sector compensate for declining public agricultural research investments in Asia? What can governments do to stimulate private research and protect farmers from harmful or defective technology? Agribusiness firm's R&amp;D investments were evaluated in selected developing countries during 1996 and 1998 and compared with data from a similar study conducted in the mid-1980s. The largest amount...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research and development (R&amp;D); Private sector R&amp;D; Technology transfer; Asian R&amp;D; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33927

Technology Transfer in the Non-traded Sector as a Means to Combat Global Warming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.; Mukherjee,   Vivekananda; Sanyal,   Tilak.
The paper considers a situation where two countries – the North and the South – use a non-traded polluting input to produce the goods for final consumption. The North is more efficient in both, production and abatement processes. The study compares the effects of the transfer of abatement technology by the North to the South under autarky with the free trade situation, assuming that the North pre-commits to an international protocol to keep the global pollution under a fixed level. The conditions under which either full or partial technology is transferred in autarky are determined. It is shown that under free trade no such transfer is possible. With trade even though the North wants a complete transfer of technology, the South refuses it.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: GHG Emissions; Mitigation; Technology Transfer; International Trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F18; F35; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44228

Is it Feasible to Provide Genetically Modified Crops to Small Farmers on Preferential Terms? : An Ex Ante Analysis of Bt Eggplant in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kolady,   Deepthi; Lesser,   William H.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21130

Telecommunications-Based Businesses: Potential Source of Rural Economic Development?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121418

International Agricultural Research on Biofuels: The Way Ahead
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Core,   Peter.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124499

RESEARCH REPORTS AND UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Competitiveness of Firms in the Texas Food Processing Sector: A Profile, by Marie Wildenthal; Consumer Perceptions of Irradiated Food Attributes: The Continuing Account, by Danny E. Terry, Richard L. Tabor; Consumer Response to State-Oriented Fresh Produce Displays in Supermarkets, by John R. Brooker, David B. Eastwood; Measuring Consumer Willingness to Pay for Organic Produce: An Adaptive Conjoint Analysis, by Patrick J. Byrne, U.C. Toensmeyer, Carl L. German, Robert Wilson; A Conjoint Analysis of Consumer Preferences Toward Farm-Raised Seafood Products, by J.R. Bacon, C.K. Halbrendt, U.C. Toensmeyer; Evaluation of Harvest Criteria for Empire Apples: How Does It Affect Consumer Preference?, by James Provost, Kerry A. Cochran, James Ahern; Consumer...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26482

THE DERIVED DEMAND FOR IMPORTED CHEESE INTO JAPAN: A TWO-STAGE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Washington,   Andrew A.; Kilmer,   Richard L.
The goal of this paper is to provide the U.S. dairy industry with elasticities of Japan's derived demand for imported cheese differentiated by source country of production. These estimates are then used to assess the relative competitiveness of cheese imported from the U.S. to cheese imported from other source countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19769

FARM-LEVEL EFFECTS OF ADOPTING HERBICIDE-TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN THE U.S.A.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra; Jans,   Sharon.
This paper estimates the on-farm impacts of adopting herbicide-tolerant soybean on herbicide use, yields, and farm profits, using an econometric model that corrects for self-selection and simultaneity and is consistent with profit maximization.  The model is estimated using nationwide farm-level survey data for 1997.  Given that the use of herbicide-tolerant soybeans involves the substitution of a particular herbicide - primarily glyphosate - for other herbicides, we explicitly consider this substitution process in the model.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Genetically engineered soybeans; Herbicide tolerance; Herbicide use; Farm profits; Technology adoption; Yields; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15522

Technological Leapfrogging as a Source of Competitive Advantage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wright,   Robert Thomson; Martinez,   Lourdes R.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
This paper examines technological leapfrogging industries characterized by long term investments in perennial crops. Threshold farm size and economic valuation are used to evaluate adoption of harvester innovations. Less than 1 percent of Polish farmers are able to adopt overhead harvesters and sunk costs limit the ability of rapid adjustments in U.S. technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35433

R&amp;D SPILLOVERS IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS FROM A TRADE MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla.
The objective of this study is to analyze technical change and the role of research and development (R&amp;D) spillovers in this process for the U.S. agricultural sector. This study is composed of both a theoretical and an empirical analysis. In the theoretical analysis, a quality innovation model is used in which the R&amp;D sector is the source of technological progress and is composed of a public and a private sector. The public R&amp;D sector can serve either as a substitute to the private R&amp;D sector or as a complement to it. Free trade is included in the next step of the analysis as a mechanism through which R&amp;D spillovers are realized, along with increased market size for domestic R&amp;D firms and increased competition from foreign R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity; R&amp;D spillovers; Technical change; Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18592

Building producer loyalty in Malaysia's fresh milk supply chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boniface,   Bonaventure; Gyau,   Amos; Stringer,   Randy; Umberger,   Wendy J.
The paper presents results from a survey of 133 dairy producers in Malaysia, and identifies how Malaysian milk buyers can build a loyal customer base with their suppliers as a means to secure uninterrupted milk supplies. A structural equation model was conducted to test the conceptual model using AMOS 17.0 software. The results show that whereas timely and collaborative communication, price satisfaction and cultural fit influence positively suppliers’ contractual and competence trust in their buyers, power dependency negatively influences competence trust. Furthermore, suppliers’ trust in their buyers will eventually lead to loyalty. The principal implication is that milk processors and other buyers need to engage in collaborative communication with the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Malaysia; Customer base; Competence trust; Suppliers trust; Collaborative communication; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114423

Market and Welfare Effects of GMO Introduction in Small Exporting Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plastina,   Alejandro S.; Giannakas,   Konstantinos.
This paper analyzes the market and welfare effects of the introduction of GM products in small open developing economies that, prior to the adoption of GM crops, were net exporters of non-GM products. It explicitly accounts for differences in consumer attitudes towards GM products and producer agronomic characteristics as well as for the structure and conduct of the GM seed suppliers. Different scenarios concerning different labeling regimes in the small exporting country and the world market of the products are considered. A positive welfare effect of the introduction of GM products to small open economies should not be taken for granted. While yield increases and cost reductions associated with the GM technology are certainly important, their presence...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L150; Q130; Q170.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19484

INTRODUCING FOODS PRODUCED USING BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McGuirk,   Anya M.; Preston,   Warren P.; Jones,   Gerald M.
A mailed questionnaire was used to assess consumer concerns and potential consumption response attributable to the introduction of bovine somatotropin (bST).  Responses from 605 households in Virginia are described and analyzed.  Logit models were estimated to identify which issues shape consumers’ decisions to alter milk purchases contingent on the introduction of bST and to determine whether socioeconomic characteristics explain consumers’ attitudes toward these issues.  Estimates based on survey responses point toward sizable reductions in fluid milk purchases if bST is introduced.  Large retail price reductions are predicted to be insufficient to offset these estimated decreases.  Consumer education and marketing strategies are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30375

IMPLICATION OF THE INFORMATIC KNOWLEDGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sorea,   Daniella.
The contemporary education process is necessary tied to information-technology and to Informatic. By using the Internet as source and as knowledge’s transmission modality one modifies the learning parameters. From the quantitative point of view, the Informatic increases the education process efficiency. From the qualitative point of view, the Informatic imposes a change of the education paradigm. The Informatic determines status modifications for the purveyor and for the beneficiary of the knowledge. The Informatic modifies the psychosocial characteristics of the knowledge process too. Using the Internet supposes the assumption of at least two levels reality. A more than one level reality representation agrees with the quantum mechanics and with relativity...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Informatisation; Learning; Paradigm; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58925

ACCESSING OTHER PEOPLE'S TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nottenburg,   Carol; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16477

Analisis del sistema panameno de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; de Herrera,   Adys Pereira; Becerra,   Franklin.
Panamá tiene una economía dual con unas pocas actividades altamente competitivas y otras que se desarrollaron gracias a políticas de sustitución de importaciones. Estas políticas influyeron sobre el sistema público de  investigación. Durante 15 años, los objetivos más importantes de este sistema fueron el apoyo a productores que vendían en el mercado interno y el fomento de las actividades tradicionales de exportación. La  competitividad y la comercialización no eran relevantes. Así, las instituciones de investigación desarrollaron programas para los productos tradicionales de los pequeños y medianos productores (granos básicos y ganadería).  La estabilidad de las políticas proteccionistas y el deficiente control de la calidad de la investigación...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Panama; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7679

A Semi-Parametric Analysis of Technology, with an Application to U.S. Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de los Campos,   Gustavos; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Gianola,   Daniel.
This article proposes a semi-parametric stochastic frontier model (SPSF) in which components of the technology and of technical efficiency are represented using semi-parametric methods and estimated in a Bayesian framework. The approach is illustrated in an application to US farm data. The analysis shows important scale economies for small and medium herds and constant return to scale for larger herds. With the exception of labor, estimates of marginal products were close to the value expected under profit maximization. Finally, the results suggest important opportunities to increase productivity through reductions in technical inefficiencies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92251

Entrepreneurship as a factor of innovative development for  national economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tursunov,   Imamnazar; Akhmedov,   Farkhad.
Entrepreneurship plays important role in provision the innovative mode to national economy development. Particularly, small and medium  companies  demonstrates significant innovation potential. The task of innovation transformation in national economy should be implemented through using entrepreneurship, based both on state and private property, as factor driving innovations. The author indicates on policy directions that  would contribute  to innovative entrepreneurial development in Uzbekistan. Particularly, policy measures to stimulate innovative entrepreneurship in Kashkadarya region.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovative development; Small business; Stimulation of innovative entrepreneurship; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94533

Including Risk in Economic Feasibility Analyses: The Case of Ethanol Production in Texas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Herbst,   Brian K.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Gill,   Robert Chope, II.
The widespread use of personal computers and spreadsheet models for feasibility studies makes risk-based Monte Carlo simulation analysis of proposed investments a relatively simple task. Add-in simulation packages for Microsoft® Excel can be used to make spreadsheet models stochastic. Rather than basing investment decisions on point estimates, investors can easily estimate the implied distributions of returns for uncertain investments and calculate the risk of an investment as well as the probability of success. The benefits of using Monte Carlo simulation to analyze a risky investment are demonstrated using an ethanol plant as an example.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic feasibility analysis; Ethanol feasibility; Risk management; Stochastic simulation; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62291

Striving for Higher Impacts in Agricultural Research and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waithaka,   Michael M.; Minde,   Isaac J.
Over the years, substantial investments in agricultural research have been made in sub-Saharan Africa.  The few studies on research investments show impressive returns that are comparable to those achieved in developed countries. However, problems such as recurrent hunger, poverty, food insecurity and natural resource degradation continue to plague the region. Agricultural development arena is changing rapidly toward non-linear innovation systems of complex actor networks and multiple sources of innovations characterized by dynamic and iterative learning processes that constantly inform, renew and advance the state of the systems. Most actors and institutions are not linked effectively often from imaginary boundaries created by prescribed mandates and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9529

Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Twelve Southern States: Results from the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mooney,   Daniel F.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Larson,   James A.; Velandia,   Margarita M.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Segarra,   Eduardo; Wang,   Chenggang; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Twelve Southern States: Results from the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Precision farming; Survey; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91333

Military Procurement and Technology Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that military and defense related research and procurement have been a major source of commercial technology development across a broad spectrum of industries that account for an important share of United States industrial production. I discuss the development of five general purpose technologies: (1) military and commercial aircraft, (2) nuclear energy and electric power, (3) computers and semiconductors, (4) the Internet, and (5) the space industries. The defense industrial base has become a smaller share of the industrial sector which is itself a declining sector in the U.S. economy. It is doubtful that military and defense related procurement will again become an important source of new general purpose...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13639

Production Cost and the Sequential Adoption of Precision Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ebel,   Robert M.; Schimmelpfennig,   David E.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Production cost; Precision agriculture; Technology adoption; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124393

SCANNING -- SCHEDULING -- COMPUTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stoll,   James A.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27743

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION ON INNOVATION IN THE U.S. PLANT BIOTECH INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Margaret F.; Pray,   Carl E.; Courtmanche,   Ann.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26008

Theory and Identification of Marginal Land and Factors Determining Land Use Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Laura.
Biomass is being researched as a possible alternative to fossil sources of energy, in order to avoid externalities from fossil fuel use that affect the environment and the economy.  Some biomass-based energy production systems may produce unwanted externalities in their own right, such as increasing the production pressure on the agricultural land base, resulting in a rise in prices of food commodities.  Using marginal land for biomass production has been suggested as a solution.  However, the definition of what constitutes marginal land is poorly understood.  This paper provides a theoretical foundation for identification of marginal lands, and analyzes recent literature to assess how current usage of the term marginal correspond to the theoretical...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biofuel; Marginal lands; Extensive margin; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15 Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment; Q28 Government Policy; Q42 Alternative Energy Sources; Q48 Government Policy; R14 Land Use Patterns; R52 Land Use and Other Regulations.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98203

Ex-Ante Analysis of the Benefits of Transgenic Drought Tolerance Research on Cereal Crops in Low-Income Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kostandini,   Genti; Mills,   Bradford F.; Omamo,   Steven Were; Wood,   Stanley.
This paper examines the ex-ante benefits of transgenic research on drought in eight developing countries, including the potential magnitude of private sector profits. The framework employs country-specific agroecological-drought risk zones and considers both yield increases and yield variance reductions when estimating producer and consumer benefits from research. Risk benefits from yield variance reductions are shown to be an important component of aggregate drought research benefits, representing 41 percent of total benefits across the eight countries. Further, estimated annual benefits of $US 93 million to the private sector suggest that significant incentives exist for private sector participation in varietal drought tolerance research.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9940

Classification and influence of agricultural information on striga and stemborer control in Suba and Vihiga Districts, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Njuguna,   Esther M.; Amudavi,   David Mulama; Khan,   Zeyaur R.; Mbogoh,   Stephen G.; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Karugia,   Joseph Thuo.
This paper reports on findings of a study to examine the sources used by farmers in search of agricultural information on striga and/or stemborers control technologies and factors that influence acquisition of such information in Western Kenya region. A random sample of 476 households in Suba and Vihiga districts were interviewed and 15 information pathways were identified.  Using principle component analysis (PCA) to derive few latent variables that encapsulate maximum variance in the pathways, two components (latent variables) proxying for ‘agricultural knowledge’ were extracted.  Type I-knowledge (first component) loaded heavily with sources that had ‘group’ information searching. Type II-knowledge (second component) loaded heavily with sources...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural information; Improved technology; Striga; Stemborers; Control technologies; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52081

Technological Progress for Sustaining Food-Population Balance: Achievement and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Mahabub.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25316

TEACHING WITH THE MICROCOMPUTER: ADOPTION OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tinsley,   W. Allan.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30221

Measuring Returns to Research Expenditures for Corn, Wheat and Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Cheng,   Cheng-Ge; Norton,   George W.
A wealth of information exists on ex post returns to research investments for agriculture in the aggregate and for several agricultural commodity groups of commercial importance in the United States. Many of the investments made in agricultural research and, consequently, many of the allocative decisions on research funding, are, however, commodity-specific. Probably the main reason for the limited empirical literature on returns to commodity-specific research is that of the limited production input data available for individual commodities. Data from the U.S. Census of Agriculture, for example, do not permit commodity disaggregation beyond that employed by Bredahl and Peterson. Their analysis which utilizes commodity groups including cash crops, dairy,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49022

Genetically Modified Food and International Trade: The Case of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Bouet,   Antoine; Mevel,   Simon.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9917

Technology Capital: The Price of Admission to the Growth Club
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evenson,   Robert E.; Fuglie,   Keith O.
We assess long-run patterns of global agricultural productivity growth in developing countries between 1970 and 2005 and examine the relationship between investments in technology capital and productivity.  To measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) we employ a Solow-type growth accounting method to decompose output growth into input and TFP growth.  For technology capital we construct two indexes reflecting national capacities in agricultural research and education-extension for 87 developing countries. We then correlate technology capital levels with long-term growth rates in agricultural TFP. Our findings show that average agricultural TFP growth in developing countries accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s but fell marginally in the early...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural extension; Agricultural research; Land quality; Agricultural cost shares; Growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP); International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16; O13; O30; O47; O57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51398

SeeResults: A Spreadsheet Application for the Analysis of CGE Model Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Schoor,   Melt; McDonald,   Scott; Punt,   Cecilia.
CGE models tend to produce large amounts of result data, and it can be difficult and timeconsuming to view, import, process and keep track of these. SeeResults is an Excel-based spreadsheet application that has been developed within the PROVIDE project to facilitate viewing results and producing presentation output, such as charts. It effectively functions as a GDX (a binary format used for output from GAMS) file viewer, and has been designed to be flexible, user-friendly and immediately usable with minimal configuration. This paper describes the rationale for the application, its main features, a number of screen captures and implementation notes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15624

SOUTH-NORTH TRADE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY JURISDICTIONS, AND FREEDOM TO OPERATE IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON STAPLE CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binenbaum,   Eran; Nottenburg,   Carol; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.; Zambrano,   Patricia.
A biotechnology revolution is proceeding in tandem with international proliferation of intellectual property regimes and rights. Does the intellectual property impede agricultural research conducted in, or of consequence for, developing countries? This question has important spatial dimensions that link the location of production, the pattern of international trade, and the jurisdiction of intellectual property. Our main conclusion is that the current concerns about the freedom to operate in agricultural research oriented towards food crops for the developing world are exaggerated. Rights to intellectual property are confined to the jurisdictions where they are granted, and, presently, many of the intellectual property (IP) rights for biotechnologies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16072

THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: GENERALIZATIONS FROM GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In the new science and technology policy literature that emerged in the early 1980s it was held, while public support for science is appropriate, public support for technology development represents an unproductive use of public resources. The perspective that emerges in my recent book, Technology, Growth and Development: An Induced Innovation Perspective is quite different. Government has played an important role in technology development and transfer in almost every U.S. industry that has become competitive on a global scale.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13563

Assessing the benefits of research expenditures on maize production in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Townsend,   Rob F.; van Zyl,   Johan; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper focuses on assessing the benefits of research expenditures on maize production in South Africa. Both the production and supply function approaches are used to calculate elasticities of research expenditure on output and yield. Cointegration is used to establish long-run relationships between variables in these models. The lag structure of R&amp;D expenditures on output is examined making use of the unrestricted, polynomial, beta and gamma distributions. The coefficients of these lag distributions were then used to calculate a rate of return to maize research expenditure, which was estimated as being between 28% and 39% per annum. These rates of return are high, mitigating in favour of more research expenditure rather than less.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54718

DISCUSSION: IMPLICATIONS OF EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McEowen,   Jack.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29603

Prospects for BT Cotton In Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitoro,   Raul; Walker,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Boughton,   Duncan; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Mozambique; Food security; Bio Technology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53461

RESEARCH PRIORITY-SETTING IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: POLICIES, METHODS AND PRACTICALITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omuru,   Eric; Kingwell,   Ross S.
Agricultural research priority-setting at best promotes the effective and efficient use of scarce research resources. This paper reviews firstly the priority-setting methods used in Papua New Guinea for agricultural R&amp;D and examines the practicalities of implementing these and other methods. Secondly, this paper reports on key factors affecting the strategic directions for agricultural R&amp;D in Papua New Guinea. These factors include:(i) the long term trends in international crop prices; (ii) long-term trends in crop production by sector (plantations or smallholders); (iii) the cost of production by sector and its effects on the long-term economic sectoral sustainability; and (iv) the potential impact of pests and diseases. Related issues of research...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and development; Research priority-setting; Papua New Guinea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123714

Measuring the Economic Impacts of Transgenic Crops in Developing Agriculture during the First Decade: Approaches, Findings, and Future Directions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Zambrano,   Patricia; Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Matuschke,   Ira; Horna,   J. Daniela; Nagarajan,   Latha; Yerramareddy,   Indira; Jones,   Hannah.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Transgenic Plants; Developing Countries; Research; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50413

The Adoption and Profitability of rbST on Connecticut Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Chang,   Hsiu-Hui.
This work estimates Probit and Tobit models of the adoption of rbST on Connecticut dairy farms and then endogenizes that adoption in estimates of milk production and farm profit rates. The work improves on the current literature by allowing the rbST decision to be both continuous and contingent on other technology adoption decisions. The results show that larger farms, with more productivity technologies, and with younger, more educated farmers are more likely to adopt rbST. While rbST is shown to significantly increase milk production there is no evidence it increases profits on a per cow basis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25168

INTERNET USAGE BY FARMERS:  EVIDENCE FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Timothy A.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The Internet may reduce constraints on a farmer's ability to receive and manage information, regardless of where the farm is located or when the information is used. Using a Count data estimation procedure, this study attempts to examine the key farm, operator, regional, and household characteristics that influence the number of Internet applications used by farm households. Results indicate that educational level of the farm operator, farm size, farm diversification, off-farm income, off-farm investments, and regional location of the farm have significant impact on the number of Internet applications.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21940

The Dynamics of the U.S. Milk Supply: Implications for Changes in U.S. Dairy Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bozic,   Marin; Gould,   Brian W.
There is continuing pressure by various farm groups to attempt to solve the chronic problems in the U.S. dairy industry represented by increased milk price variability, inability to generate positive returns at the farm level, increasing role of dairy exports as an important market for U.S. dairy products, etc. As such it is important for analysts and policy makers obtain an estimate as to how responsive dairy producers are to changing economic and technological conditions. Examples of previous research used to examine supply response in the U.S. dairy sector include LaFrance and deGorter (1985), Chavas and Klemme (1986), Thraen and Hammond (1987), Chavas, Krauss and Jesse (1990), Chavas and Krauss (1990), Yavuz, et al, (1996) and USDA (2007). These...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Milk supply; Long-run elasticities; Dairy policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53818

Computer and Internet Use by Great Plains Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Aaron D.; Goe,   W. Richard; Kemey,   Martin; Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.
This study uses data from a 2001 survey of Great Plains farmers to explore the adoption, usage patterns, and perceived benefits of computers and the Internet. Adoption results suggest that exposure to the technology through college, outside employment, friends, and family is ultimately more influential than farmer age and farm size. Notably, about half of those who use the Internet for farm-related business report zero economic benefits from it. Whether a farmer perceives that the Internet generates economic benefits depends primarily on how long the farmer has used the Internet for farm business and for what purposes.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Competitiveness; Net benefits; Technology adoption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30918

Az agrárkutatások helyzete és a fontosabb tennivalók
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szucs,   Istvan; Mohamed,   Zsuzsanna; Takacs,   Szabolcs.
Az agrárkutatás-oktatás kiemelt társadalmi feladat. Az innováció olyan tudatos emberi tevékenység, amely a technikai-gazdasági fejlesztések minden területére kiterjed, s célja új javak és szolgáltatások új módon történő előállítása a tudomány eredményeinek közvetlen felhasználásával. Eredményorientált tevékenység. A gazdasági növekedés motorja. Minél élesebb a verseny a hazai és nemzetközi piacokon, annál nagyobb jelentőségű az innovatív szemléletmód kialakítása. Az EU tagországainak adatai alapján a 2005-2008. években az országok gazdasága és a K+F tevékenység intenzitása között nagyon erős pozitív összefüggés található. Minél gazdagabb egy ország, annál többet áldoz a kutatás-fejlesztési tevékenységre. Hazai viszonyok közepette az agrár K+F+I területén a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrárkutatás-oktatás; K+F; Innovációs transzfer; Teaching of agricultural research; R&amp;D; Innovation transfer; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99076

PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE RESEARCH IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY FOR THE 1980'S: PUBLIC RESEARCH VIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Michael J.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27861

An Equilibrium Displacement Model of the Australian Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xueyan; Mullen,   John D.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Griffiths,   William E.; Piggott,   Roley R.
Around $100 million has been spent annually on R&amp;D and promotion in the Australian red meat industries in recent years. The R&amp;D investments are made throughout the production, processing and marketing chain in both the grass and grain finished sectors. Promotion investments are made in both export and domestic markets. Despite this large investment of industry and government funds there is great uncertainty about the returns from these investments. Not only is it unclear what the total industry returns are but it is even less clear how producers and the community benefit from the many alternative investment options. Hence, it is unclear how funds should be allocated between these alternatives.   Zhao (1999) addressed these issues in research for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28007

Agricultural Technology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mack,   Mike.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52641

UNTERSUCHUNG DER PRÄFERENZEN RUSSISCHER FACHBESUCHER FÜR AUSGEWÄHLTE MESSELEISTUNGEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moser,   Nataliya.
This paper presents an analysis of preferences of Russian trade visitors for selected exhibit attributes. We used Choice Based Conjoint Analysis to establish realistic measurement of choice tasks and hence to determine respondents behaviour. By conducting latent class analysis we extracted two segments of Russian trade visitors with different preferences for price, web presence, business program, presentations and visitor-service.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Preference Analysis; Choice Based Conjoint Analysis; Benefit segmentation; Russian exhibition; Präferenzanalyse; Choice-Based Conjoint Analyse; Benefitsegmentierung; Russische Messe.; Agribusiness; International Development; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91768

SWINE BREEDING SYSTEMS: A STOCHASTIC EVALUATION WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massey,   Raymond E.; Williams,   Joseph E.
The after-tax net present value for 27 swine breeding systems composed of Duroc, Hampshire, and Yorkshire breeds were simulated and ordered using stochastic dominance analysis.  The concept of the value of information was expanded to develop the concept of the willingness to pay to adopt a new technology.  For producers not currently using the dominant system, estimates of the allowable present value cost of adoption are reported and used to explain diverse production practices.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30310

INTA Chinandega Technology impact on the farm productivity of North Pacific Nicaragua, 2003-2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zúniga-González,   Carlos Alberto; Navarrere Blanco,   Santos Angel.
This article is the first working paper of the Researching Center for Agricultural Sciences and Applied Economic.  It is a contribution for the INTA Nicaragua.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Total Factor Productivity Growth; Malmquist Index; Data Envelopment Analysis; INTA-Chinandega Technology; Panel Data.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D: 24; O: 32; Q: 16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109312

NEW FOOD PRODUCTS: INNOVATION, IMPROVEMENT, OR IMITATION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Groff,   Andrew J.; Christy,   Ralph D.
Researchers have little understanding of what lies beneath the increased numbers and declining "innovativeness" of new food products. This paper investigates product innovation by focusing on both market- and firm-level relationships. Structural data is compared with innovation trends to determine possible associations. A mail questionnaire of 27 food manufacturing firms investigates the issues of strategy, practices and performance. The food manufacturing industries reflect the conventional wisdom that larger firms in concentrated markets invest more in product innovation efforts, but do not contribute proportionately more to innovative output. The declining "innovativeness" of food products results from emphasis on developing product improvements and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27793

UNIVERSITY BASIC RESEARCH AND APPLIED AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Yin.
I examine the effects of R&amp;D inputs on the subset of life-science outputs which demonstrably has influenced later technology, as evidenced by literature citations in agricultural biotechnology patents.  Universities are found to be a principal seedbed for cutting-edge technology development.  A university's life-science research budget strongly affects its technology-relevant life-science output as well as graduate education.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20187

Mikronährstoffmangel? Ein gesundheitsökonomischer Bewertungsansatz
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zimmermann,   Roukayatou; Stein,   Alexander J.; Qaim,   Matin.
Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious problem in many developing countries. Recently, agricultural technologies have been discussed as a complement to other intervention programs. Plant breeding, targeted at developing staple foods with higher contents of essential vitamins and trace minerals, could benefit the poor in particular. Yet, the economic repercussions of such innovations are still unclear. Because traditional models of technology assessment are inappropriate to capture the specific ramifications, we suggest a health economics approach. Herein, micronutrient malnutrition is understood as a phenomenon that causes health costs through diseases and premature deaths. Details of the methodology are discussed within an ex ante study of Golden Rice in...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Micronutrient malnutrition; Agricultural technology; Vitamin A; Golden Rice; Health effects; Philippines; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97429

The Scientific Pluralism of Agribusiness: A Special Issue on Theory and Practice: Forward
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrison,   R. Wes; Ng,   Desmond W.
The IFAMR is published by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association.  www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Scientific pluralism; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q130.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119965

GETTING TECHNOLOGY AND THE TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT RIGHT: LESSONS FROM MAIZE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Rubey,   Lawrence; Crawford,   Eric W.
This paper examines two questions: (1) what were the most important factors that led to differential rates of adoption of maize technology by farmers in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi from 1910 to 1995? and (2) what do these experiences suggest about strategic investments in institutions and organizations needed to create a sustainable environment for technology development and adoption in the future?  The analysis suggests that productivity increases are facilitated by (a) technology innovations throughout the agricultural system, (b) integration of technological innovations with changes in policies, organizations, human capital and infrastructure related to extension, input and output markets and processing services, and (c) coordination of these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11558

THE VALUE OF VERIFICABLE INFORMATION IN A CONTROVERSIAL MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM LAB AUCTIONS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Two interested parties dominate the current debate on genetically modified (GM) foods: environmental groups and agribusiness companies.  For the average consumer to arrive at an informed decision on these new foods, they must rely on information from interested parties.  Unfortunately, information from interested parties does not provide an accurate picture of the benefits and risks of new products.  This paper examines the effects of information on consumers' demand for new food products, GM-foods, in an environment where information from one or more interested parties is provided. We design and conduct laboratory auction experiments using randomly chosen adult consumers from two large metropolitan areas who are grouped into twelve experimental units and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18212

Sustainability, Externalities and Economics: The Case of Temperate Perennial Grazing Systems in NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Randall E.; Dowling,   Peter.
The replacement of perennial grass species by undesirable annual grass weeds not only results in lower productivity but is also contributes to a range of external costs. In particular, shallow rooted annuals result in greater deep drainage and therefore a greater potential for salinity, and greater volumes of runoff of poor quality water to streams. In this paper an economic framework for examining the sustainability issues of a perennial grazing system on the NSW Central Tablelands is presented. This involves a combination of simulation and dynamic programming models, with the state of the system represented by variables for the perennial grass composition and soil fertility. The paper examines a range of management strategies that increase the perennial...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Perennial pasture; Sustainability; Externalities; Bioeconomic modelling; Dynamic programming; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 160.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42504

Technological Environment and Innovation of Township Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mei,   Qijun.
This paper introduces the technological environment and innovation, and analyzes the barriers of technological innovation in township enterprises. Finally, this paper puts forward related countermeasures to improve the technological innovation of township enterprises in China.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Technological environment; Township enterprises; Technological innovation; China; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53514

Impact of local public goods on agricultural productivity growth in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Ling; Ball,   V. Eldon; Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Plastina,   Alejandro S.
In this paper we revisit the issue on the impact of public R&amp;D expenditure on US agricultural productivity growth. We estimate a dual cost function using a state-by-year panel data set. We construct the potential R&amp;D “spillins” based on both geographical location and production mix. We also examine the role of the extension service, transportation network, and human capital in the process of technology dissemination. The results indicate that higher levels of local public goods, R&amp;D spillins, extension activities, and an intensive transportation network decrease costs. The contributions to agricultural productivity from all series of R&amp;D spillins are positive even though the social rate of return may differ.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Public R&amp;D expenditure; Cost function; Extension services; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; O4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49333

SOCIOPOLITICAL EFFECTS OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leisinger,   Klaus M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16323

MEASURING RESEARCH BENEFITS WITH IMPORT BAN RESTRICTIONS, QUALITY CHANGES, NON-MARKET INFLUENCES ON ADOPTION AND FOOD SECURITY INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Yun-Shik; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Hundreds of studies have been conducted since Griliches (1958) suggested a method for measuring the benefits to agricultural research.  Alston et al. (2000) reviewed 292 studies that reported 1,886 observations of returns to agricultural R&amp;D.  While some studies consider complicated cases, most studies have focused solely on R&amp;D policy.  However, it is common that agricultural R&amp;D policy is combined with other policies, such as a price support, subsidy policy, non-market inducement, and import restrictions. Naturally, when the benefits of agricultural research are measured without taking the related policies into account, biased estimates are likely.     The South Korean rice industry provides a good example where several factors affected the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19148

SLOW MAGIC: AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D A CENTURY AFTER MENDEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Beintema,   Nienke M.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15911

Economy-Wide Impacts of Technological Change in the Agro-food Production and Processing Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehui,   Simeon K.; Delgado,   Christopher L.
Processing of meat and crops accounts for a large share of manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The paper assesses empirically the impact of hypothesized productivity change in agro-food processing on growth, trade, employment, and input and output prices in SSA, using a 13 commodity, 7 region version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) applied general equilibrium model with a 1995 database. Results are compared to impacts of factor-neutral and biased technical change in primary agricultural production-- grains, non-grain crops, and livestock--overall and with respect to the agrofood sector itself. A given percentage increase in total factor productivity in primary agricultural production is shown by every criterion to have much greater...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99868

Induced Technological Change in Canadian Agriculture Field Crops - Canola and Wheat: 1926-2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mupondwa,   Edmund K.
A tractable two-stage constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is applied to disaggregated western Canadian wheat and canola data for 1926-2003 to investigate the induced innovation hypothesis. Time series properties of the data are analyzed using cointegration and error correction to assess causality in differentiating between technological change and factor substitution. The results provide empirical support for the hypothesis with respect to prairie wheat and canola production.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Disaggregated data; Induced innovation; Stationarity; Unit roots; Cointegration; Vector error correction model; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19333

Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer by the Private Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7526

Information Services and ICT Development in Agriculture of the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanek,   Jiri; Jarolimek,   Jan; Simek,   Pavel.
The paper presents results of KIT (Department of Information Technologies) research which maps the actual state and expected development trends of information and communication technologies in conditions of CR agriculture. It includes results of investigation realized in 2008 with connection to the actually carried out inquiry in the first half-year 2009.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Broadband; ADSL; FTTx; Wi-Fi; CDMA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; G; A; I; N.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96850

The Role of Patent Rights in Mergers: Consolidation in Plant Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marco,   Alan C.; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Few micro-level empirical papers have addressed the impact of the patent system on industry structure. Using firm-level patent data for public and private firms in plant biotechnology, we develop a measure of patent enforceability. Duration models show that patent statistics are a useful predictor of the timing of merger activity. We find that patent enforceability is an important factor influencing the likelihood of mergers. Mergers in plant biotechnology may be partially motivated by the enforcement of patent rights when firms have overlapping technologies; some of the merger activity may be explained by attempts to avoid mutually blocking technology, as exemplified in the case of Roundup Ready corn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7193

An Equilibrium Displacement Model of the Australian Sheep and Wool Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mounter,   Stuart W.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Piggott,   Roley R.; Fleming,   Euan M.; Zhao,   Xueyan.
This report documents the specification of an equilibrium displacement model (EDM) of the Australian sheep and wool industries. The model is capable of estimating and comparing the potential benefits from R&amp;D and generic promotion investments, and other policy changes, in the different sectors and markets of the Australian sheep and wool industries. Inclusive in the model are the multiple components of the Australian sheep and wool industries to account for cross-product interactions not considered in most previous studies. A high degree of industry disaggregation within the model enables estimation of the distribution of the potential benefits among the various industry sectors and across different regional environments. A number of hypothetical...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wool; Sheep meat; Research and development; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37663

Job and Skill Impacts of New Technology in the East Asian Electronics Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heeks,   Richard; Slamen-McCann,   Anne.
This paper reviews recent (post-1985) research literature on job and skill impacts associated with new manufacturing technologies and more globalised production in the East Asian electronics export industry. It describes the unique developmental, technological and cultural framework of the industry, as a result of which it is successfully managing the assimilation of new technology. Employment levels are not falling in the face of automation, while the main problem remains labour shortage. Imported technology has been effectively absorbed and technological capabilities have been accum ulated, up to levels of globally-competitive innovation in the most successful cases. There is a fresh round of international division of labour in which East Asia emerges as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30559

HOW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AFFECTS URBAN POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?  THE CASE OF CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Fang,   Cheng; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
The objective of this paper is to analyze how agricultural research and development have affected urban poverty using China as an example.  Agricultural research lower food prices, and therefore help urban poor by lowing their food cost.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20636

Trends in Pulse and Oilseed Crops in Winter Cereal Rotations in NSW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Sykes,   John D.; Scott,   J. Fiona.
The key aims in this study are to assess the current level of importance of pulse and oilseed (broadleaf) crops in winter cereal rotations in NSW, and to identify recent trends. The production of broadleaf crops has increased in each region of NSW, but different crops have been favoured. Canola has played a key role in southern regions, and chickpea in the northern regions. In many areas, pulse crops have been grown more because of rotational benefits than their direct gross margins. If recent trends continue, the role of broadleaf crops will increase to 25% of the area sown to field crops in NSW by 2020. However, that will only be achieved with a focussed effort in both research and extension activities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Broadleaf crop; Oilseed; Pulse; Production; Rotation; NSW; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42506

SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14073

Abstracts of Selected Papers, NAREA Annual Meetings, Burlington, Vermont, June 7-10, 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55550

FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADPOTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stroade,   Jeri L.; Schurle,   Bryan W.
This project will explore information technology adoption issues.  The unique characteristics of information technology will be discussed.  Advantages and disadvantages to adoption will also be identified.  Finally, a statistical model of Internet adoption will be developed to estimate the impacts of certain variables on the underlying process of information technology adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35015

Biotechnology and the African Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.; Maredia,   Karim; Sithole-Niang,   Idah.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11495

The Economics of Biotechnology (Gmos) and the Need for A Regional Policy: The Case for COMESA Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minde,   Isaac J.; Kizito,   Mazvimavi.
Many countries in the world have adopted genetically modified organisms as products that can have great beneficial impact on agriculture, industry and trade. However, to date for the whole of Africa, only South Africa has commercialized genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Realizing the high transactions costs—particularly in trade that may underlie different countries having varying policy stances on biotechnology, COMESA (COMESA—Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a regional grouping of 20 countries. In the context of this study, Tanzania is also included although it is not a COMESA member. This is because it belongs to the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) of which nine countries...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Biotechnology; Africa; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52150

A Stochastic-Dynamic Model of Costly Reversible Technology Adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baerenklau,   Kenneth A.; Knapp,   Keith C.
We develop a stochastic-dynamic model of technology adoption that imposes fewer restrictions on behavior than do previous studies of similar decision problems.  Like these previous studies, our model is forward-looking and can be used to demonstrate the additional "hurdle rate" that must be met before adoption will take place when the future state of the world is uncertain.  Unlike these previous studies, our approach does not impose the untenable assumptions that investment in a new technology is irreversible or that technologies have unlimited useful lifetimes.  Rather, we address the more reasonable situation of costly reversibility and limited lifetimes.  Our solution method utilizes Bellman's equation and standard dynamic programming techniques....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dynamic optimization; Irrigation; Reversible; Technology adoption; Water; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19156

Sustainable Development and Food Chain Dynamics: A Question of the Ultimate Measure of Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zokaei,   Keivan.
This paper looks at the socio-environmental sustainability of agri-food systems and addresses the key issue of measuring ‘sustainability’. The paper begins by providing an overview of the environmental impacts of the global agri-food systems especially focusing on the UK. The author generated a comprehensive analysis of the key hotspots within food systems in a previous paper presented at the 2nd International European Forum on Systems Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks in 2008. This article takes the discussion further by looking at the key tools for supply chain environmental measurement and contributes establishing a new measure of sustainable production/consumption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59203

Assessing the Social and Economic Impact of Improved Banana Varieties in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
This report documents the discussions and results of a research design workshop held at the Equatoria Hotel in Kampala, November 7-11, 2002. The meeting was the first formal gathering of the stakeholders of the project .Assessing the social and economic impact of improved banana varieties in East Africa.. The goal of the project is to fortify the impact of improved banana varieties on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in East Africa. Banana (Musa) is a primary food staple as well as an essential cash crop for the region.s smallholder farmers. Declining yields brought about by pests and diseases and decreasing soil fertility have compromised food and income security. In selected banana-growing areas, farmers have begun to adopt improved varieties that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42798

Interactions in Ireland's Food Innovation System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buckley,   Marie; Henchion,   Maeve M.; O'Reilly,   Paul.
This paper presents an analysis of the Irish food innovation system. The research was conducted as part of a larger project aimed at developing a research commercialisation toolbox to assist public research organisations and universities improve technology transfer and commercialisation of publicly funded food research. Ireland’s food innovation system (FIS) is discussed for the first time to identify key actors, agencies and knowledge flows that contribute to food innovation nationally. Following a section in which a FIS is defined, an overview of the food industry and its research activities are presented to provide context for the current research and the discussion that follows. The methodology adopted for this research is then outlined with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6586

Size and Distribution of Research Benefits in the Australian Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Esther; Tarrant,   Katherine A.; Ho,   Christie K.M.; Malcolm,   Bill; Griffith,   Garry R.
An equilibrium displacement model of the Australian dairy industry is being developed for estimating the net benefits from dairy research undertaken by DPI Victoria. In this initial version, the dairy industry is represented by a system of aggregate demand and supply relationships for two input sectors, raw milk and milk processing inputs, and three output sectors, export and domestic manufactured milk and domestic fluid milk. Quantities and prices are calibrated in terms of milk equivalents. The vertical and horizontal disaggregation of the industry in the model enables the distribution of benefits from farmers to consumers to be assessed. The results for a 1% hypothetical shift in the supply curve in the farm and processing sectors are presented....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Australian dairy industry; Research evaluation; Equilibrium displacement model; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124326

THE FUNDING AND ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN INDIA: EVOLUTION AND EMERGING ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pal,   Suresh; Byerlee,   Derek R.
This paper examines trends in sourcing and allocation of public funds to providers of agricultural research in India over the past three decades. The paper also discusses the emerging policy issues for agricultural research in India in the light of the increasing role of markets, growing participation of the private sector in research, rapid advances in science, and strengthening of intellectual property rights. The need for and measures of addressing organizational rigidities, inefficiencies, and difficulties in sustaining funding are also discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11870

Productivity growth and the effects of R&amp;D in African agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.
This paper measures and compares total factor productivity growth in African agriculture under contemporaneous and sequential technology frontiers over the period 1970–2004. The paper further investigates the sources of agricultural productivity growth using a fixed-effects regression model and a second-degree polynomial distributed lag structure for agricultural research. The conventional estimates show an average productivity growth rate of only 0.3% per year over the period 1970–2004. In contrast to conventional measures, however, the improved measures under sequential technology show that agricultural productivity grew at a higher rate of 1.8% per year. Technical progress, rather than efficiency change, was the principal source of productivity growth....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Sequential technology; R&amp;D; Africa; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51436

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFICED FOODS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE US AND CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bai,   Junfei; Zhang,   Caiping; Huang,   Jikun; Hallman,   William K.; Pray,   Carl E.; Aquino,   Helen L.
Consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods (GMFs) play a crucial role in the development of the technology. Both government and food manufacturers of agricultural products in the US and China are optimistic about the potential market for these foods. This paper compares two national consumer surveys conducted in the US and China. To determine if influential factors are driving consumers' attitudes towards GM plant and animal products in both countries a binary logic model is used. Findings suggest that for the majority of American and Chinese consumers while their overall knowledge of GM food is low, their attitudes toward the technology are generally supportive. Consumers in both countries are more accepting of GM plant products then GM animal...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20026

Creating an innovative environment in total quality management system within companies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitreva,   Elizabeta; Prodanovska,   Vesna.
The decision for development of the quality providing system could go in line with the company’s expansion and with the concept of the total quality management (TQM). The most diligent-untouchable assets within the companies are referring to the relation with the customers/consumers, employee’s skills and their knowledge and building an organizational culture tending towards innovations, problem solving and  total working promotion. The paper discusses attitude of companies in Macedonia to promoting employees’ motivations to knowledge sharing and innovations.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Qualities; Innovations; Organizational culture; Buyers; Quality providing systems; Total quality management.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M10; M12; O32.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94588

Technological Changes in the Transportation Sector--Effects on U.S. Food and Agricultural Trade: A Proceedings
Provedor de dados: 31
ERS sponsored a workshop, Technological and Structural Change in the Transportation Sector: Effects on U.S. Food and Agricultural Trade, March 17-18, 1999, in Washington, DC. The program's objectives were to raise awareness within ERS about the role and importance of transportation in U.S. food and agricultural trade and to discuss the need of an agency research agenda in this area. More than 60 people attended. Bob Thompson of the World Bank and Jeffrey Frankel of the Brookings Institution led with discussions about the role of transportation in the global food system and the importance of integrating geography and transportation in analysis of international trade. Other panels dealt with transportation technology, past and future, the changing policy...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Transportation; Distance; Technology; Agricultural trade; United States; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33551

Protecting U.S. Intellectual Property Rights and the Challenges of Digital Piracy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Christopher; Walworth,   Daniel J.
According to U.S. industry and government officials, intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement has reached critical levels in the United States as well as abroad. The speed and ease with which the duplication of products protected by IPR can occur has created an urgent need for industries and governments alike to address the protection of IPR in order to keep markets open to trade in the affected goods. Copyrighted products such as software, movies, music and video recordings, and other media products have been particularly affected by inadequate IPR protection. New tools, such as writable compact discs (CDs) and, of course, the Internet have made duplication not only effortless and low-cost, but anonymous as well. This paper discusses the merits of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15874

Gender, Agricultural Commercialization, and Collective Action in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender-disparities in access to productive resources. Farmer collective action that intends to improve smallholder access to markets and technology could potentially accelerate this trend. Here, we use survey data of small-scale banana producers in Kenya to investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya. Our results confirm that the groups contribute to increasing male control over banana. While male control over banana revenues does not affect household food security, it has a negative marginal effect on dietary quality. We demonstrate that the negative gender implications...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Market access; Agricultural technology; Household food security and nutrition; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71; J16; O12; O13; O31; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121229

Growing more rice with less water:  Increasing water productivity in rice-based cropping systems – Progress of research, 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Research projects; Experiments; Rice; Fertilizers; Farmer participation; Irrigation programs; Water balance; Flow measurement; Remote sensing; Cropping systems; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92660

Conceptual framework for the design and conception of an electronic trade platform in agribusiness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hausen,   Tobias; Helbig,   Ralf; Schiefer,   Gerhard.
This article gives an overview of a conceptual framework for the designing and implementation of an electronic trade platform. The trade platform prototype is the basis of a general conception for the design and implementation of internet-based trade platforms in agribusiness. The main platform focus related to the concept are to convert traditional business relationships and transactions into an electronic system. The conceptual framework provides clarification with regard to the benefit of trade platforms and the individual requirements of different value chains and chain levels.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade platform; Interorganisational relationship; E-business; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24926

Taking a New Look at Empirical Models of Adoption: Average Treatment Effect Estimation of Adoption Rates and their Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diagne,   Aliou.
This paper shows that the observed sample adoption rate does not consistently estimate the population adoption rate even if the sample is random. It is proved that instead the sample adoption rate is a consistent estimate of the population joint exposure and adoption rate, which does not inform about adoption per se. Likewise, it is shown that a model of adoption with observed adoption outcome as dependent variable and where exposure to the technology is not observed and controlled for cannot yield consistent estimates of the determinants of adoption. Such model can at best provide consistent estimates of the effects of the included explanatory variables on joint exposure and adoption. Even for that to be possible, the model must be explicitly specified as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technology Adoption; Rice; NERICA; West Africa; Average Treatment Effect; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; O3; Q12; Q16; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25623

Fragile Social Norms: (un) Sustainable Exploration of Forest Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zylbersztajn,   Decio.
The exhaustion of natural resources is a central problem in the international agenda. The particular case of Amazon forest is at the top on the international environmental discussion. Two related problems are keys to be considered in the discussion of sustainable development in this region. First the predatory use of the natural resources of the forest mainly timber and genetic resources. Second the recognition of the existence of a population of around 20 million inhabitants in the region defined as “Legal Amazon Area”, aiming the improvement on the living conditions, enhancement of income level and acceleration of development. How to match both objectives is a puzzle faced by the present generation. The region is populated by initiatives of international...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Q01; Q56; D23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59117

Participation in Conservation Programs by Targeted Farmers:  Beginning, Limited-Resource, and Socially Disadvantaged Operators' Enrollment Trends
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nickerson,   Cynthia J.; Hand,   Michael S.
Beginning, limited-resource, and socially disadvantaged farmers make up as much as 40 percent of all U.S. farms. Some Federal conservation programs contain provisions that encourage participation by such “targeted” farmers and the 2008 Farm Act furthered these efforts. This report compares the natural resource characteristics, resource issues, and conservation treatment costs on farms operated by targeted farmers with those of other participants in the largest U.S. working-lands and land retirement conservation programs. Some evidence shows that targeted farmers tend to operate more environmentally sensitive land than other farmers, have different conservation priorities, and receive different levels of payments. Data limitations preclude a definitive...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP); Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP); Beginning farmers; Limited-resource producers; Socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55641

THE DIFFUSION OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING TECHNOLOGY IN THE U.S.: OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNICAL CHANGE AND INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Nancy L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13706

Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leger,   Andreanne.
The determinants of innovation and the role of intellectual property rights in different countries are not well understood. This paper estimates the determinants of innovation using a new panel dataset. It compares different panel estimation methods appropriate for finite size samples. Past R&amp;D investments  have a positive and significant impact on current innovation, while openness to trade has a negative and significant impact on innovation in developing countries and population size has a negative and significant impact on innovation in industrialized countries. Intellectual property protection is not significant for any of the groups. We discuss econometric issues and the policy implication of these results.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Intellectual property rights; Developing countries; Dynamic panel; General method of moments; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30; O34; C23.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25328

Broadband Internet Service Helping Create a Rural Digital Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Cromartie,   John.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124198

U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: THE ERODING FEDERAL-UNIVERSITY CONTRACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14482

POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF TRANSGENIC RICE IN ASIA:  A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hareau,   Guy Gaston; Norton,   George W.; Mills,   Bradford F.; Peterson,   Everett B.
A general equilibrium model is developed to analyze the welfare effects of transgenic technologies for both the irrigated and non-irrigated rice ecosystems in Asia. Drought resistance, a technology of particular importance to unfavorable environments, is worth as much as Bt rice, a technology of primary importance to favorable environments.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20334

Availability and Market Penetration of GMO Corn Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Duffy,   Michael D.; Wisner,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18308

Heterogeneous Impacts Of Cooperatives On Smallholders’ Commercialization Behavior: Evidence From Ethiopia.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Tanguy; Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.; Taffesse,   Alemayehu Seyoum.
This paper examines the impact of marketing cooperatives on smallholder commercialization of cereals using detailed household data in rural Ethiopia. We use the strong government role in promoting the establishment of cooperatives to justify the use of propensity score matching in order to compare households that are cooperative members to similar households in comparable areas without cooperatives. The analysis reveals that while cooperatives obtain higher prices for their members, they are not associated with a significant increase in the overall share of cereal production sold commercially by their members. However, these average results hide considerable heterogeneity in the impact across households. In particular, we find smaller farmers tend reduce...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52161

Measuring the benefits of social science research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.
This paper addresses two questions. The first is “What are the benefits of social science research?”; the second is “How should they be measured?” The response to the first is that, as with research in the physical sciences, the benefits should be identified in terms of changes in economic surplus for different groups. It may be useful to use a framework that considers the incidence of the effects of social science research on firms, households, and government agencies. The response to the second question is that estimating returns to social science research using conventional econometric techniques may be particularly difficult. Instead, it may be necessary to resort to a case study approach, but care must be taken to ensure that the cases selected for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47828

STARLINK: IMPACTS ON THE U.S. CORN MARKET AND WORLD TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   William W.; Price,   Gregory K.; Allen,   Edward W.
StarLink disrupted the U.S. corn market during the marketing year of 2000/01 as a result of inadvertent commingling. The potential volume of marketed StarLink-commingled corn from the 2000 crop located in areas near wet and dry millers prior to October 1, 2000, is estimated at 124 million bushels. Price differentials between StarLink-free and StarLink-commingled corn existed during the early stage of the incident, but eroded quickly. While StarLink has had a negative impact on U.S. corn exports, most of the reduction in exports to Japan and South Korea during November 2000 and March 2002 is due to Japan's increased purchases from South Africa, China's decision to continue to subsidize exports, increased competition from the large back-to-back crops in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19715

AZ INFRASTRUKTÚRA ÉS A MEZŐGAZDASÁG
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abonyi-Palotas,   Jolan.
A rendszerváltozás óta alapjaiban változtak meg a külső és a belső körülmé-nyek, a termelés, a feldolgozás és az értékesítés közgazdasági környezete. Az élelmiszergazdaság elemei közti régi, akkor sem teljes összhang összeomlott, az újak pedig még nem jöttek létre, nem váltak általánossá. Elmaradott, szűk ke-resztmetszetű a mezőgazdaság infrastruktúrája és sajnos ez jellemzi az agrártér-ség, a vidék infrastruktúráját is. A mezőgazdasági térségekben lassabb a növe-kedés és a fejlődés üteme, visszafogottabb a beruházás, erősebb a tőkehiány. Ezen sokat lendíthet a speciális infrastruktúra átgondolt, dinamikus fejlesztése.               -         The internal and external circumstances, production, processing and the economic sales environment have all...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Infrastruktúra; Speciális agrár infrastruktúra; Fejlettség; Fejlesztés; Infrastructure; Special agricultural infrastructure; Maturity; Development; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57678

Interregional Spillover of Agricultural Research Results and Intergovernmental Finance: Some Preliminary Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.; Havlicek,   Joseph, Jr.
Agricultural research, as with many other governmental services, can be performed efficiently at the state level but produces benefits that accrue to a broader area than just the originating state or region. Results from basic research, for example, would be unrestricted by geographic boundaries. Even applied research which is designed to solve specific problems encountered in a particular state may result in spi1lovers--geographically external benefits--to other areas. For example, some research results can readily be applied over wide geographic areas while other results need only additional adaptive research before they are suitable for other areas. The idea that the benefits of agricultural research are not realized solely by the state or region...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49019

TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT IN MAURITANIAN CEPHALOPOD FISHERIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diop,   Hamady; Kazmierczak,   Richard F., Jr.
If the technology in a multi-species fishery is such that there is jointness in inputs and non-separability between inputs and outputs, then management on a species-by-species basis may lead to unintended outcomes, including over-exploitation of the resource. This study investigates the nature of the technical and economic relationships underlying the 1989-1990 Mauritanian cephalopod fishery by estimating a system of dual output supply functions derived from a generalized Leontief revenue function.  Model results indicate the existence of jointness in inputs and non-separability between inputs and outputs in the fishery.  Cross-price elasticities indicated a number of substitute and complementary relationships, with these relationships changing in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31686

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL USES OF TRANSGENIC TOBACCO: THE CASE OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN (HSA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kostandini,   Genti; Mills,   Bradford F.; Norton,   George W.
The potential size and distribution of benefits from transgenic tobacco as a source of human serum albumin are estimated using an economic surplus model with imperfect competition. The results demonstrate that new products from bio-pharming applications stand to generate significant social benefits.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20289

THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON AUSTRALIAN RURAL PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hastings,   Trevor.
In this paper the relationship between scientific agricultural research and aggregate rural productivity is investigated. The Solow 'residual' model is used to estimate productivity changes. An attempt is made to investigate the extent to which scientific research, measured by scientific personnel, 'explains' technical change. An education and climatic variable are added to the model. The results suggest a positive relationship between scientific research, climate and aggregate productivity.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22629

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In this paper I first review the sources that have accounted for growth of agricultural production in the past. I then examine the more recent evidence on the contribution of research to growth in agricultural production. Finally, I present some of my own perspectives on issues related to the support for agricultural research and the focus of agricultural research effort over the next several decades.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13561

TRADE IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: A SURVEY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nielsen,   Chantal Pohl; Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
New advances in biotechnology have enhanced production of maize, soybeans, and cotton. Consumer reactions to the new technology have been mixed. Both the supply shock, from an increase in productivity or a reduction in input use, and the demand shock, which is determined by the consumer response to consuming GM foods, affect production, trade, and prices of GM foods. In this paper, we survey models that analyze the market effects of GM technology. The results depend on a number of important issues such as the cost of market segmentation and labeling, the nature of the productivity shock to producers of GM products, and the extent of any adverse reaction to GM products by consumers. The results from global trade models indicate that, if costs of labelling...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16317

Striga Management through Herbicide Resistance: A Public-Private Partnership in Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woomer,   Paul L.; Savala,   Canon N.
Striga is an indigenous parasitic weed that attacks cereals and other crops in Africa.  In maize croplands alone, Striga infests over 2.3 million ha resulting in 1.6 million tons of grain loss worth US $383 million annually.  An innovative approach to controlling the parasite was to induce herbicide resistance in maize and to coat the seed with herbicide to provide chemical protection from infection.  This breakthrough that was realized after 12 years of collaborative research and development by the International Maize and Wheat Centre (CIMMYT), the Kenya Agricultural Research Center (KARI) and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, is now ready for deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa.  This effort is most advanced in Kenya, where one variety of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Africa; Herbicides; Maize; Striga; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52184

Foreign Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights: Implications for Selected U.S. Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horan,   Amanda; Johnson,   Christopher; Sykes,   Heather.
The primary purpose of this paper is to review foreign IPR infringement issues affecting selected U.S. industries, with a particular emphasis on patent, trademark, and copyright infringement. Although the review is primarily based on qualitative information, some attempts to measure the effects of IPR infringement quantitatively also are reviewed. To provide background and context for the analysis, the authors discuss the problem of foreign IPR infringement for U.S. industry; describe certain U.S. trade laws and international agreements that attempt to address such infringement; review examples of inadequate foreign patent, trademark, and copyright protection and their implications for selected U.S. industries; and describe U.S. private and public sector...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15883

Valuing the Roundup Ready® Soybean Weed Management Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aultman,   Stephen; Hurley,   Terrance M.; Mitchell,   Paul D.; Frisvold,   George B.
This study examines soybean grower adoption of the Roundup Ready® (RR) weed management program with and without a residual herbicide application, and grower concerns regarding weed resistance to herbicides using telephone survey data from of 357 growers in 2007.  It also estimates the pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits enjoyed by growers from their RR program.  The results indicate that soybean growers planned to treat 29 percent of their RR acres with a residual herbicide in 2008.  More than half (53%) of the growers survey were concerned about weed resistance.  The estimated expected benefit of the RR program in 2008 was $10.17 per acre, which translates into about $727 million with 75.7 million acres of soybean in the U.S. in 2008.  The estimated...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Roundup Ready; Soybean; Glyphosate; Weed Resistance; Benefits; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49342

IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY: FINDINGS OF AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Adato,   Michelle; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15943

Introduction of New Agricultural Technologies and Marketing Strategies in Central Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uaiene,   Rafael N.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Central Mozambique; New technologies; Inventory credit; Household farm model; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55861

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE AFTER REFORMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Shunxiang; Walker,   David J.; Devadoss,   Stephen.
We investigate the temporal and spacial nature of productivity growth and its components in Chinese agriculture from 1980-1995 using nonparametric Malmquist procedures. The results indicate that the high rate of technical progress and deterioring efficiency performance coexisted in Chinese agriculture.  Policies encouraging technical progress should be accompanied by successful technological diffusions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20817

Raising the Agenda for Capacity Building in the CRC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eldridge,   Derek.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30652

The impacts of IFPRI's global research program on the sustainable development of less favored areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: English,   John; Renkow,   Mitch.
This report assesses the impact of IFPRI’s Global Research Program on The Sustainable Development of Less-Favored Areas (“GRP-5”). Initiated in 1998, the stated objectives of the research program were (a) to provide empirical evidence on appropriate development strategies and public investments for improving the well-being of individuals living in less-favored areas (LFAs); and (b) to assess the appropriate targeting of various public investments to favored versus less-favored areas. The program’s research activities generally were confined to addressing the first of these objectives.  The GRP-5 research was primarily undertaken in Ethiopia, Honduras, and Uganda, using quantitative livelihoods and bio-economic modeling approaches to studying constraints...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56133

What Determines Technological Spillovers of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Long,   Cheryl; Hale,   Galina.
Using the World Bank survey of 1500 firms in five Chinese cities, we study whether the presence of foreign firms produces technology spillovers on domestic firms operating in the same city and industry.  We find positive spillovers for more technologically advanced firms and no or negative spillovers for more backward firms.  We analyze the channels of such spillovers and find that the transfer of technology occurs through movement of high-skilled workers from FDI firms to domestic firms as well as through network externalities among high-skilled workers.  Moreover, these two channels fully account for the spillover effects we find, which demonstrate the importance of well-functioning labor market in facilitating FDI spillovers.  Insofar as our results can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28412

Agricultural Growth, Rural Poverty and Hunger In Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otieno,   Zipora Awuor.
The long-term reduction of hunger and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the great challenges for the International development community. Poverty in Africa is predominately rural, majority of the poor people live in rural areas and are dependent on food production through farming or livestock keeping for most of their livelihood. It is estimated that over two hundred million people in Sub-Saharan Africa live in extreme poverty and among these are the rural poor in Eastern and Southern Africa where the worlds highest concentration of poor people are found. Given Agriculture’s central role in the region’s economies, can agriculture play a major role in poverty alleviation? How can Africa’s role in poverty reduction be enhanced? What could be done...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52179

IT for more effective team collaboration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlicek,   Zdenek; Vanek,   Jiri; Lohr,   Vaclav; Cervenkova,   Eva.
ICT bring new possibilities in support of team cooperation, above all in creation and sharing of common content. On base of comparison of various systems for support of the cooperation it was found out that some systems purposefully solve a flow of time planning in a firm environment (e.g. Novell GroupWise), others supports in various way a cooperation in common contents space (discussion groups, Wiki, WCMS). Changes in approach to cooperation management appear in the social network. A substantial phenomenon of the present systems for cooperation support is their virtuality. The common space is „somewhere“ and a user can share (use) it from anywhere, if he/she is connected to the internet. An example still more often used is Google Apps.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Collaborative software; Groupware; GroupWise; Moodle Forums; Wiki; CMS; Social networks; Google docs; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96860

Sociological Consideration on the Development of Ecological Agriculture in Western China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Guiting.
Development of ecological agriculture is the mainstream of the world's agricultural development, as well as the only way to change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. This paper expatiates the connotation of ecological agriculture and its significance to the development of western China. There are problems in the development of ecological agriculture in western China, manifested mainly in insufficient subsequent supply, overextension of resources, lack of capital and technology input in the development of ecological agriculture, and imperfect supporting policies. From the new perspective of sociology, countermeasures for developing western ecological agriculture are put forward, including improving the scientific and cultural quality of...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Western China; Ecological agriculture; Problem of development; Sociological consideration; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54073

RBST USE AMONG U.S. DAIRY FARMERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FROM 6 STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barham,   Bradford L.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Moon,   Sunung; Jackson-Smith,   Douglas.
This paper uses data from dairy farmers in six U.S. states to examine farm-level factors influencing the adoption of recombinant bovine somatatropin (rBST), a productivity-enhancing hormone that is injected in cows.  The results of multinomial logit estimations of rBST adoption and disadoption show that herd size, education, and complementary technologies all play positive and important roles in rBST adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19598

Why Don't Farmers Adopt Precision Farming Technologies in Cotton Production?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Pandit,   Mahesh; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Segarra,   Eduardo.
We used the 2009 Southern Cotton Precision Farming Survey data collected from farmers in twelve U.S. states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) to understand why farmers do not adopt seemingly profitable precision farming technology. Farmers provided cost, time constraint, satisfaction with the current practice and other as reasons for not adopting precision farming technology. Results from a multinomial logit regression model indicated that manure application on field, more formal education, larger farm size, participation in conservation easement or agricultural easement generally decreases the probability of nonadoption of precision agriculture in cotton...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Technology adoption; Multinomial logit; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C25; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104828

The State Contingent Approach to Farmers' Valuation and Adoption of New Biotech Crops: Nitrogen-Fertilizer Saving and Drought Tolerance Traits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Paul E.; Useche,   Pilar; Barham,   Bradford L.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
We used a state contingent approach to give a detailed analysis of the uncertainty surrounding seed trait adoption. Our framework emphasizes the role of timing and information in farmers’ adoption decisions. The inherent embeddedness of seed traits results in timing restrictions and the inability of post-planting adjustments, this in turn results in farmers necessarily engaging in a game with nature. Two main types of traits we identify are supplementing traits and stabilizing traits – classification into each category is directly related on the mobility of the production factor the trait intends to substitute. Supplementing traits allow for acting after nature (i.e., ex post) while stabilizing traits are better modeled as acting before nature (i.e., ex...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: State Contingent; Genetically Modified; Biotech; Contingent Valuation; Nitrogen Absorption Efficiency; Drought Tolerance; Uncertainty; Seed Trait; Technological Adoption; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61860

Scaling out impacts: A study of three methods for introducing forage technologies to villages in Lao PDR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Millar,   Joanne; Photakoun,   Viengxay; Connell,   John.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118372

THE MODERN SEED-FERTILISER TECHNOLOGY AND ADOPTION OF LABOUR-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES: THE PHILIPPINE CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: David,   Cristina C.; Otsuka,   Keijiro.
While intervillage differences in the adoption of modern rice varieties (MVs) are explained mainly by environmental variables, rather than by socioeconomic factors, relative factor prices are the most important determinants of the adoption oflabour-saving technologies. There is no indication that MV adoption is correlated with the adoption of tractors and threshers as well as cropping intensities. Adoption of direct seeding, however, appears to be associated with MV adoption.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22446

THE PUBLIC AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT SECTORS IN A BIOTECHNOLOGY-BASED, PRIVATIZING WORLD: THE CANOLA CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gray,   Richard S.; Malla,   Stavroula; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26001

Does Participation in Microfinance Programs Improve Household Incomes: Empirical Evidence From Makueni District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiiru,   Joy M.; Mburu,   John G.; Klaus,   Flohberg.
Although microfinance has elicited different reactions from different stakeholders, there seems to be a general agreement that it is useful in reducing poverty. This study is an attempt to contribute in to the debate on the impact of microfinance on household incomes. We use a pooled data set collected from the south western part of Makueni district in Kenya to study the households’ access to microfinance credit and how the credit affects their incomes. We control for household selection bias as well as endogenity problems in the sample. Cross sectional analysis fails to show any significant positive impact of microfinance on poverty reduction. Only after the inclusion of time dynamics in the study are we able to find a weak positive significance of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household; Incomes; Kenya; Makueni; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52154

Market Strategies for a Tobacco Bio-Pharming Application: The Case of Gaucher's Disease Treatment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kostandini,   Genti; Mills,   Bradford F.
Small firms developing biotechnology applications often focus on establishing intellectual property rights, which can then be sold to more established firms with existing market chains. This paper explores the expected 'Buyout' price and economic surplus changes for an emerging bio-pharming application with transgenic tobacco. The results suggest a 'Buyout' price of about $1.75 billion. Yet despite this potentially large payout to the innovating firm, consumers also see significant surplus gains.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19325

Technological Change and Economies of Scale in Danish Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rasmussen,   Svend.
This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of technological change and economies of scale in Danish agriculture. The estimation is based on a multi-output, multi-input translog cost function and covers the period 1973-1995. The results show that technological change varied considerably. The average rate of technological change was highest on arable farms (4.0% per year) and lowest on dairy farms (1.0% per year), with pig farms in between (2.2% per year). Alt three farm types showed an increasing trend in technological change over time, and technological changes were typically biased. The elasticity of size was considerably above 1 for both small and large arable farms and dairy farms indicating a considerable economic incentive to increase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24185

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS IN SMALL DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hareau,   Guy Gaston; Mills,   Bradford F.; Norton,   George W.; Bosch,   Darrell J.
The expected benefits from herbicide resistant transgenic rice in Uruguay are estimated with stochastic simulation techniques. Economic surplus methods that account for private profits are used to measure the magnitude and distribution of the benefits between producers and a multinational firm. Further, the adoption rate of transgenic rice is endogenous in the model and depends on the expected profitability of the technology. The results show that the potential benefits from the technology are relatively small because of the small production base. Multinational firms are, therefore, unlikely to develop locally adapted transgenic rice varieties without strategic partnerships with local institutions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19891

TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO RESOURCE SCARCITY IN THE U.S. LUMBER INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stier,   Jeffrey C.
This paper provides an econometric investigation of the role of a renewable natural resource, sawlogs, in the production of lumber over the period 1950-1974.  The economic scarcity of sawlogs is confirmed.  Within a given production technology, the potential for substitution among capital, labor and sawlog inputs is greatly restricted but not impossible.  Technological change has been strongly labor-saving but has had a negligible effect on wood requirements.  Consequently, the real price of lumber has risen, stimulating development of substitute wood products.  Continued decline of the industry is anticipated.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32386

A MODEL OF OPTIMAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fox,   Glenn.
This paper examines three claims of inefficient allocation of public expenditure in publicly funded agricultural research in the United States.  It has been argued by analysts of research policy that: 1. The overall level of public investment in agricultural research is less than what would be socially optimal. 2. The present composition of public research investment is excessively myopic in that too little basic research is performed relative to the level of applied research. 3. The allocation of research resources among commodities is inconsistent with economic efficiency. A nonlinear optimal growth model of the U.S. economy was employed to test these propositions.  Strong support was found for the claim that the overall level of investment has been...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13360

Producers as Investors in Agricultural Research: Searching for Alternative Funding Strategies in Land-Grant Universities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amanor-Boadu,   Vincent; Zereyesus,   Yacob Abrehe.
This research begins the effort to identify the effect of new models of relationships between producers and researchers in land grant universities in the area of innovation and commercialization.  We argue that since producers are becoming increasingly significant funders of university researchers, the benefits of the Bayh-Dole Act could be accelerated for universities if they formed commercialization partnerships with these producers.  Contrary to the expectation that allowing such relationships will adversely affect the universities and their researchers, we aim to show that there will actually be a positive benefit to both producers and institutions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9756

The Determinants of Research Productivity in Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Qiang; Naseem,   Anwar; Pray,   Carl E.
The ag-biotech industry underwent considerable consolidation in the last decade in part to take advantage of economics of scale and scope.  The paper investigates the impact of such consolidation on inventive activity at the firm level.  Careful attention is paid to the role of firm size, technology diversification and spillovers in the innovation process.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20018

Future Agribusiness Challenges: Strategic Uncertainty, Innovation and Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Roucan-Kane,   Maud; Broring,   Stefanie.
The IFAMR is published by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association.(IFAMA)  www.ifama.org
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Strategic uncertainty; Innovation; Structural change; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; ISSN #: 1559-2448.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119971

Ethical Trade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Self-Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heeks,   Richard; Duncombe,   Richard.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30675

The implications of policy settings on land use and agricultural technology adoption in North-West India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Millham,   Nick; Crean,   Jason; Singh,   Rajinder Pal.
The irrigated rice-wheat cropping system is the predominant and most profitable farming system in north-west India, especially in Punjab. However, there are growing concerns about the environmental effects of the system, particularly with the practice of burning rice stubbles, due to its adverse effects on human health and air pollution. In this paper we consider the wide array of policy settings that tend to favour current land uses and management practices and their impact on the farming system over time. As part of an ACIAR-funded project, we assess the significance of these policies with a view to considering what additional or alternative policies could be put in place to encourage the adoption of approaches or technologies directly concerned with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Air pollution; Stubble burning; Technology adoption; India; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100686

AN ANALYSIS OF INTERMODAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USAGE BY INTERMODAL PORTS AND TERMINALS IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD- PRODUCT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Albert J.; Couvillion,   Warren C.; Muhammad,   Safdar; Mumma,   Gerald A.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27615

BT COTTON IN ARGENTINA: ANALYZING ADOPTION AND FARMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qaim,   Matin; de Janvry,   Alain.
Unlike several other countries, where Bt cotton is being rapidly adopted, in Argentina technology diffusion has been rather slow. Based on recent survey data, it is shown that the technology significantly reduces insecticide applications and increases yields; however, these advantages are curbed by the high price charged for genetically modified seeds. Using the contingent valuation method, it is shown that farmer's’ average willingness to pay for Bt cotton is less than half the actual market price. A lower price would not only increase benefits for cotton growers, but could also multiply the profits of the monopoly seed producer, thus resulting in a Pareto improvement. Implications of the sub-optimal pricing strategy are discussed.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19710

Why Conduct Research and Extension Programs for Small Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaDue,   Eddy L.; Smith,   R. David.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122286

"Buying Local" Means "Selling Local" - Using a Transportation Alliance of environmental and Food Horticulture Producers in Georgia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stegelin,   Forrest E.; Houston,   Jack E.; Compte,   Javier Mantilla; Thomas,   Paul A.; Chappell,   Matthew R.
The costs of transporting agricultural products to market and of the acquisition of production inputs are of concern to environmental and food horticulture crops producers.  This study is to determine if transportation alliances would reduce shipping costs, increase distribution efficiencies and reduce carbon dioxide emissions among floriculture, ornamental plants, and fruit and vegetable producers in Georgia.  Using data from surveys and the ArcLogistics 9.3 GIS software, routing systems were developed to show cost savings opportunities.  The results indicated nearly ten percent reductions in average total cost savings to producers, average total miles driven savings, average number of trucks savings, average hours driving savings, and average carbon...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transportation alliance; Buying local; Economic savings; Food and environmental horticulture; Agribusiness; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98766

SETTING EFFICIENT INCENTIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: LESSONS FOR PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
This paper presents a conceptual analysis of important  issues in management of agricultural research drawing on principal-agent theory and derives implications for funding and management of agricultural research.  Building on well known attributes of research, whereby research results are risky, outputs are uncertain and sometimes unanticipated, more than one approach has validity for a given topic, we consider how incentives should be structured to elicit optimal research effort and directions, whether research directions should be set at a centralized or decentralized level, and the optimal duplication of effort.  The results suggest that (i) the current trend toward replacement of formula funding by competitive grants allocation may be ill conceived,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research management; Research funding; Agriculture; Principal-agent theory; Research incentives; Scientists' effort; Noncompetitive funding; Competitive funding; Duplicative effort; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18253

Induced Technical Change in Centrally Planned Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
It has generally been assumed that the inferences of the induced technical change model with respect to the direction of technical change could not be expected to hold for the centrally planned economies. In this paper we test three hypotheses generated from the induced technical change hypotheses against the experience of centrally planned economies: (a) if land becomes increasingly scarce new technology will be biased in a land-saving direction; (b) if labor becomes increasingly scarce new technology will be biased in a laborsaving direction; and (c) changes in the land-labor ratio have been induced by changes in relative factor endowments. The results suggest a bias toward mechanical and against biological technology regardless of factor endowments....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7469

Bioenergy and Rural Development in Developing Countries: a review of existing studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerber,   Nicolas.
Four broad types of studies on rural development and bioenergy technologies are identified. Within these four types, this discussion paper presents a number of existing studies which are most relevant in the context of developing a research focus on the role, feasibility and issues associated with bioenergy, and in particular biofuels, as engine for rural development in developing countries. The results and recommendations of the referenced studies, reflecting the global trends of the current literature, highlight the importance of bioenergy technologies in the development process of poor rural communities. The surge of biofuels and in particular of their feedstocks on the international agricultural markets has recently commended a lot of attention....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37862

Cargill: Biotechnology and Value Creation in Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boland,   Michael A.
About 40 percent of the world's food supply came from rice and wheat-based foods. The genome of wheat (a genome is a set of chromosomes) was much larger than those of other crops such as rice. Deciphering the wheat genome was a much more complex process. Wheat had six DNA strands (e.g., humans have only a double-helix DNA strand) and almost twice as many genes as humans. GM wheat would be available for production by 2004. The objective of this case is to describe: segregation and identity-preservation issues in the wheat value chain, the role of Cargill in that value chain, and issues surrounding the introduction of genetically modified wheat.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34397

Indicadores comparativos de los resultados de la investigación científica y tecnológica en América Latina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arregui,   Patricia McLauchlan de.
Este documento, buscando describir la situación de la ciencia y tecnología en América Latina, presenta y analiza las principales estadísticas disponibles para medir la producción, la distribución por áreas temáticas, el impacto y la calidad de la investigación científica y tecnológica realizada en América Latina entre 1973 y 1984. El documento contiene, también, una evaluación de los indicadores convencionales de resultados de la investigación (publicaciones, citaciones, patentes y premios científicos), describe las fuentes de donde provienen los datos y la metodología utilizada para la elaboración de los resultados presentados.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ciencia y tecnologia; Investigacion; Indicadores; America Latina; Science and technology; Research; Indicators; Latin America; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O30.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42291

A Review of Food Research in Vietnam, with Emphasis on Postharvest Losses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lam,   My-Yen.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113896

Új utakon az agrárgazdasági kutatások
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meszaros,   Sandor; Forgacs,   Csaba.
Az agrárgazdaság nemzetközi kutatási irányzatait abból a célból tekintettük át, hogy a jövőben azokhoz a magyarországi kutatás is felzárkózhasson. Ehhez két közelítési módot alkalmaztunk: egyrészt a jelenlegi (főként a 2000-es) évtized szakirodalma alapján próbáltuk meghatározni a hosszabb távon várható tendenciákat, másrészt a közelmúltbeli konferenciák témáinak elemzésével kíséreltük meg a tematikai arányok rövid távú változásait megbecsülni. A hosszú távú új irányzatok közül kiemelhetők egyrészt a transzdiszciplináris kutatások, amelyeket az EUEU is zászlajára tűzött, s ma már nemzetközi intézete, folyóirata és nemzetközi szövetsége is van. Kiemelhetők másrészt a mezőgazdasági és közgazdasági paradigmákkal kapcsolatos egyenkénti és összehasonlító...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrárgazdaságtan; Kutatási irányzatok; Tudományos haladás; Paradigma; Transzdiszciplína; Konferenciák; Agricultural economics; Reseach trends; Scientific progress; Paradigm; Transdiscipline; Conferences; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58600

VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LAND ALLOCATION DECISIONS OF FARMERS IN A CENTER OF MAIZE DIVERSITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Aguirre,   Alfonso.
There is emerging interest in the prospects for enhancing farmers' management of genetic resources as a complementary strategy to ex situ conservation.  Using a framework that combines a characteristics model with the notion of impure public goods, we investigate farmers' incentives to grow the varieties identified as important genetic resources.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20831

COTE D'IVOIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stads,   Gert-Jan; Beintema,   Nienke M.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in agricultural research in Côte d’Ivoire using new survey data for the 1990s collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI-ISNAR-CORAF 2002) and various secondary sources.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16193

The Global Supply and Demand for Agricultural Land in 2050: A Perfect Storm in the Making?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hertel,   Thomas W.
2010 AAEA Presidential Address; forthcoming in January 2011 AJAE in shortened version.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Global agriculture; Land use; Projections; Population; Yields; Urbanization; Biodiversity; Water; Climate change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q15; Q16; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92639

VALUE-ADDING 20 BILLION BY 2005: IMPACT AT THE ALBERTA FARM GATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.; Quagrainie,   Kwamena K.
Introduction  In recent years in Canada, direct support provided by governments to the agricultural sector has been decreasing due to international obligations under the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consequently, governments and the agriculture industry are exploring ways of generating and sustaining farmers' revenue from the marketplace.  In Western Canada, there is a renewed interest in the concept of "post-harvest value adding" and substantial investment has been made by the federal / provincial governments and the agriculture industry in value-added initiatives in the post-farm-gate sector.  A greater part of farm products from western Canada is shipped...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24049

Monte Carlos Appraisals of Gravity Model Specifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Michael A.; Ferrantino,   Michael J.; Schaefer,   Kurt C.
Many improvements have been proposed for the basic gravity model specification, most of which are confirmed by standard statistical tests due to the large number of observations often used to estimate such models. We use Monte Carlo experiments to examine situations in which features of models may be found statistically significant (or insignificant) when it is known ex ante that they are absent (or present) in the underlying data process. Erroneous assumptions about the presence or absence of lagged dependent variables, fixed effects, free-trade associations and customs unions are shown to introduce economically important bias in estimates of the coefficients of interest, and in some cases to be confirmed spuriously. Policy effects, such as for free trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15864

Quality Function Deployment: Can Improve Innovation Efficiency in the Food Industry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Martinez,   Marian; de Carlos,   Pilar; de Felipe,   Isabel; Briz,   Julian; Morais,   Federico; Navarro,   Manuel.
This paper considers the implementation of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a methodological framework for the development of new food products. This paper focuses on the beef supply chain and develops a horizontal product’s quality deployment as a strategic tool for the implementation of consumer-led product innovation strategies. Difficulties in the prioritisation of parameters and setting of target values for the desired performance level of each parameter would limit the implementation of a complete ‘four-phase’ model in the sector. Thus, the use of complementary management tools, such as SWOT analysis and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) would be necessary to develop more suitable process designs to the specific requirements of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6582

IMPLEMENTING SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS USING GEMPACK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Pearson,   Ken.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/00.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28712

Pharmaceutical and Industrial Traits in Genetically Modified Crops: Co-existence with Conventional Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This paper discusses the implications of using genetically modified crops to biomanufacture pharmaceuticals and industrial compounds from the perspective of their co-existence with conventional agriculture. Such plant-made pharmaceuticals and plant-made industrial products rely on exciting scientific and technological breakthroughs and promise new opportunities for the agricultural sector, but they also entail novel risks. The management of the externalities and of the possible unintended economic effects that arise in this context is critical and poses difficult questions for regulators.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biopharming; Co-existence; Externalities; Genetically modified products; Liability; Molecular farming; Regulation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18544

Impact Assessment of agricultural research and development to reduce virus problems in tomato production in Mali: Farmers perceptions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nouhoheflin,   Theodore; Coulibaly,   Ousmane; Norton,   Geoff; Soumare,   S.; Sissoko,   P.
Pests and diseases caused by bacteria, nematodes, fungi and viruses cause significant losses to tomato in West Africa. This study, carried-out within the framework of the IPM-CRSP implemented jointly by IITA, IER and Virginia Tech. and State University, assesses farmers’ perceptions on tomato pests and analyzes factors affecting pest management decision-making. Surveys were carried out in three tomato production areas where pests and diseases are major agricultural problems encountered by farmers. Data were collected a sample of from 343 farmers through a set of questionnaires on tomato production systems. Farmer’s decision-making in pest management was modeled using an econometrics Logit probability model. Results show that the main disease reported by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52092

Farmers’ Adoption of Genetically Modified Varieties with Input Traits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexander,   Corinne E.; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Goodhue,   Rachael E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11928

THE ILLUSION OF CONTROL, COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AND FARMER PERCEPTION OF GM CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Just,   David R.; Roberts,   Michael J.
We examine the correlation between farmers' beliefs and practices regarding GM crops with yield shocks from the previous year the crop was grown. Farmers who may have had poor yields due to weather, were more likely to change adoption decisions. Yields marginally affect farmers'’ beliefs regarding the EU ban on GMO’'s, or the adverse environmental affects of GM crops. This behavior is consistent with many known psychological biases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19941

Agricultural Trade Liberalisation and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Analysis of Distributional Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ali,   Ershad; Talukder,   Dayal.
The article analyses the impact of agricultural trade liberalisation on economic growth as well as on the welfare of rural livelihoods in developing countries through technological transformation in the agricultural sector. The article, based on existing literature, considers the background and reasons for the policy shift in developing economies away from agricultural protection and toward trade liberalisation. It attempts to shed light on the debate over the distributional consequences resulting from trade liberalisation. It also analyses how agricultural trade policy reforms affect poverty and inequality, since the majority of the population of developing countries is involved with agriculture, and these households are predominantly rural poor and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Growth; Inequality; Trade liberalisation; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93447

Does the Provision of Free Technical Information Really Influence Firm Behavior?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Significant environmental benefits are often associated with the rapid diffusion of new energy-saving technologies. Over the past decade, the federal government, as well as electric and gas utilities, have begun to provide free technical information to potential buyers to stimulate private investment in certain technologies, particularly for retrofitting existing buildings. Yet it has not been demonstrated that this provision of technical information can truly accelerate the rate of technology diffusion. This study develops a model of firm behavior that incorporates multiple factors in the decision to retrofit high efficiency lighting technologies. Technology retrofit and the acceptance of technical information are modeled as jointly determined dichotomous...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology diffusion; Energy conservation; Policy instruments; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; H59; Q48; O38.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10750

Potential Impacts of Bt Eggplant on Economic Surplus and Farmers’ Health in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Qaim,   Matin.
In this article, the potential impacts of Bt eggplant technology in Indian agriculture are analyzed. Several proprietary Bt hybrids are likely to be commercialized in the near future. Based on field trial data, it is shown that the technology can significantly reduce insecticide applications and increase effective yields. Comprehensive farm survey data are used to project farm level effects and future adoption rates. Simulations show that the aggregate economic surplus gains of Bt hybrids could be around US $108 million per year. Consumers will capture a large share of these gains, but farmers and the innovating company will benefit too. As the company has also shared its technology with the public sector, Bt open-pollinated varieties might become...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Bt eggplant; Economic surplus; Health costs; Pesticides; Public-private partnership; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9909

Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
New radical general purpose technologies have been the drivers of economic growth in the United States economy in recent economic history. In this paper I review the role of military and defense related research, technology development, and procurement in the development of the aircraft, nuclear power, computer, semiconductor, internet and the space communication and earth observing industries. The development of each of these industries would have been substantially delayed in the absence of support for research, technology development and procurement by the military and defense related agencies. Rates of productivity and output growth would have been substantially slower. By the early 1990's it was becoming clear that changes in the United States...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13534

A Dynamic CGE Model of R&amp;D Based Growth in the U.S. Economy: An Experiment Using the New Growth Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50866

Intellectual Property Rights and Crop-Improving R&amp;D under Adaptive Destruction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yerokhin,   Oleg; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
This paper studies how the strength of intellectual property rights (IPRs) affects investments in biological innovations when the value of an innovation is stochastically reduced to zero because of the evolution of pest resistance. We frame the problem as a research and development (R&amp;D) investment game in a duopoly model of sequential innovation. We characterize the incentives to invest in R&amp;D under two competing IPR regimes, which differ in their treatment of the follow-on innovations that become necessary because of pest adaptation. Depending on the magnitude of the R&amp;D cost, ex ante firms might prefer an intellectual property regime with or without a "research exemption" provision. The study of the welfare function that also accounts for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biological resistance; Intellectual property rights; Markov perfect equilibrium; Patents; Research exemption; R&amp;D; Sequential innovation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10008

REGIONALE AUSWIRKUNGEN DER BIOENERGIEFÖRDERUNG, DES ÖLPREIS- UND NAHRUNGSMITTELPREISANSTIEGS AUF DIE ENTWICKLUNG DES ENERGIEPFLANZENANBAUS IN DEUTSCHLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grundmann,   Philipp; Klauss,   Hilde Monika; Schindler,   Mathias.
Die Entscheidungsfindung in der Bioenergie-Branche wird maßgeblich bestimmt durch Energiekosten, Preisentwicklungen im Nahrungsmittelanbau sowie Fördermaßnahmen für die Produktion und energetische Nutzung der Biomasse. Eine Veränderung dieser Faktoren beeinflusst die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Energiepflanzenanbaus. Wird dies nicht berück-sichtigt, beispielsweise bei Prognosen zur Verfügbarkeit von Biomasse, kann es zu gravie-renden Fehleinschätzungen der Chancen und Risiken sowie zu Fehlern bei der Ressourcen-allokation kommen. Für mehrere Regionen in Deutschland werden in Szenarien die Auswirkungen auf den Energiepflanzenanbau sowie die Nutzung von Land und Ressourcen betrachtet, welche sich infolge stark steigender Energiekosten, steigender...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioenergie; Flächenkonkurrenz; Szenarioanalyse; Modellsimulation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52652

An Assessment of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of the Ricecheck Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Rajinder Pal; Brennan,   John P.; Lacy,   John; Steel,   Felicity.
Ricecheck, a best management practices extension program for rice production in Australia, was developed by the NSW Department of Primary Industries advisory staff, Finley, in 1986. The program is based on eight best management practice recommendations called ‘Key Checks’ that are considered essential for achieving high yields. Economic analysis of the program reveals that there are significant financial, social and environment benefits from the adoption of the program. The results further reveal that the funds invested since 1986 by both NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation have been sound investments.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rice; Extension; Economic; Evaluation; Australia; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42652

Protecting Your Turf: First-mover Advantages as a Barrier to Competitor Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Briggeman,   Brian C.; Gunderson,   Michael A.; Detre,   Joshua D.
Product innovation for a juice company and its associated first-mover advantages are analyzed. Stochastic simulation is used to model market size, price, competitive intensity, and the likelihood of competitor entry. Results of moving first allow the firm to capture market share, realize first-mover advantages in excess of $2 million, and deter competitor innovation. In addition, the proposed model is flexible enough to be applied in other industries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Product innovation; First-mover advantages; Barriers to entry; Stochastic simulation; Uncertainty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8206

Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings from a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha; Ayele,   Gezahegn.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing how smallholders access and use information and knowledge. Although this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector to provide qualitative insights into the interactions between smallholders and other actors in the agricultural sector and the contribution those interactions make to the smallholders’ innovation processes. Case studies of smallholder innovation networks in 10 communities suggest that public sector extension and administration exert a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural Development; Innovation; Technology; Social Networks; Social Learning; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42332

What Drives Academic Bioscientists: Money or Values?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nag,   Sharmistha; Yang,   Hui; Buccola,   Steven T.; Ervin,   David E.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31–O34; O38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94773

Immigrant Workers and Technological Change in U.S. Agriculture: A Profit Maximization Approach of Induced Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Napasintuwong,   Orachos; Emerson,   Robert D.
This paper analyzes changes in U.S. agricultural technology during 1960-1999, emphasizing the role of immigrant workers on farm mechanization. The rates and directions of biased technological change based on the induced innovation theory are compared before and after the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 which was intended to reduce employment of unauthorized workers. Unlike previous studies of induced innovation, this paper develops a new theoretical and empirical model of induced innovation using a profit maximization approach. The contribution of the profit maximization approach is that it allows changes in output combinations as a result of technological change. We found that the technology was biased against hired and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Immigrant workers; Farm mechanization; Technological change; Induced innovation; Profit function model; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J43; J6; O3; Q55.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25505

The Role of Trust and Risk Aversion in Farmers' Used Machinery Transactions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Brian E.; Batte,   Marvin T.; Diekmann,   Florian.
Results of a nationally representative survey of US farmers link previously validated survey measures of risk aversion and interpersonal trust to farmers’ intended use of online venues for transacting used equipment.  Other factors affecting online purchase propensity includes the quality of farmers’ relationships with local equipment dealerships.  Understanding the factors that impact farmers’ use of internet market venues is crucial as rural internet penetration deepens, farm equipment needs grow more specialized and local offline markets thin.  These results may also help explain past observations of severe discounting of used farm equipment sold in online venues.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Agricultural marketing; Durable inputs; Survey; Risk aversion; Trust; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; D8; L15; L64; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60972

Research Funding, Experience, and Seniority in Academia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Paul A.; Monson,   Terry.
Research funding as a measure of faculty productivity has not been incorporated into previous studies of academic salary profiles. Here, we examine the effects of research funding, as well as publications, at a mid-sized, non-unionized, science and engineering-focused, American public university. Our conclusions are that research funding is more significant than publications in explaining salary differences for engineering and hard science faculty members; in contrast, only publications contribute to salary differences for faculty members in other disciplines. In addition, returns to seniority are generally nil or negative, which corroborate most other studies of this nature. Higher graduate and lower undergraduate student credit hour generation are...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Human capital; Specific human capital; Professional labor markets; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J24; J41; J44.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50284

THE POLITICS OF PRECAUTION: GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paarlberg,   Robert L.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16587

Consumer Response to Controversial Food Technologies and Price: A Neuroeconomic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McFadden,   Brandon R.; Lusk,   Jayson L.; Crespi,   John M.; Cherry,   J. Bradley C.; Martin,   Laura E.; Bruce,   Amanda S.
With new food technologies such as cloning or added artificial growth hormones, consumers face complex and conflicting information related to the quality, safety, nutrition, and ethical outcomes associated with food choices.  Economics has partially addressed the challenge of predicting people’s choices and willingness-to-pay for new food technologies by using experimental methods, but thus far has offered little to explain why choices are made.  The emerging field of neuroeconomics, which integrates the findings of economics, psychology, and neuroscience, can provide unique insights into consumer preferences.  The purpose of this research is to enhance understanding of consumers’ preferences for new food technologies by capitalizing on recent developments...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Controversial Food Technology; Animal Cloning; Artificial Growth Hormones; Neuroeconomics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124071

Investigation and Thoughts on the Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Tropical Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Fang; Guo,   Jianchun.
Positive functions of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations were emphasized, i.e. increasing farmers’ incomes, promoting the industrialization of agriculture, optimizing agricultural structure, enhancing the standardization of agricultural production and improving service means provided by government for agriculture. On the basis of investigating the current situation of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations in tropical areas, the problems in the development process of these organizations were analyzed, which mainly included following aspects: ① Narrow coverage; ② Irregular and imperfect operation mechanism; ③ Insufficient effective policy support. Therefore, in view of these existing problems, the thoughts and...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Tropical areas; Farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations; Thoughts and countermeasures; China; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54027

VALUATION OF INTANGIBLE CAPITAL IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.
This study examines the valuation of research as intangible capital in agriculture using Tobin's q theory. The market value of public research capital is estimated to be 8.6 times higher than conventional assets. Private research capital is valued 5.2 times higher than conventional assets. The estimated valuation multiplier for all farm assets dropped 1/3 over the last decade. In recent years the valuation multiplier has dropped below a dollar, which indicated the market is undervaluing farm assets.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm assets; Flexible intercept model; Principal components; Research evaluation; Ridge regression; Tobin's q theory; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15276

How to Win Schumpeterian Competition.  Technological Transfers in the German Plastics Industry from the 1930s to the 1970s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Streb,   Jochen.
Introducing the concept of innovation capital we will analyse conditions under which a national industry is able to succeed in international Schumpeterian competition. Then we will discuss the significance of this concept for the economic development of the German plastics industry from the 1930s to the 1970s. Using a repeated game model of technological cooperation we will especially focus on technological transfers from chemical firms to plastics fabricators. We will deploy both a microeconomic approach when viewing product innovations transferred by the so-called Kunststoffrohstoffabteilung (KURO) of chemical firm BASF, and a macroeconomic approach when looking at the development of total factor productivity in the German plastics fabricating industry....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technological transfer; Schumpeterian competition; Repeated game; Plastics industry; Germany; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D83; L65; N64; O31.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28374

Videoconferencing for more effective cooperation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Havlicek,   Zdenek; Vanek,   Jiri; Silerova,   Edita; Benda,   Petr; Westcott,   Alan M.
This contribution has three parts. The first part focuses on the analysis of the basic functionalities of different videoconference systems. The second part presents practical experience in the use of different videoconference systems in the NODES project and within the framework of the ELLS universities network. The third part provides recommendations for virtual meetings in the rural context, particularly in respect of overcoming the distance handicap and the geographical isolation of rural communities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Videoconferencing; Cooperation; Virtual meeting; Rural sustainability; Nodes project; ELLS; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96849

CAN GM-TECHNOLOGIES HELP AFRICAN SMALLHOLDERS? THE IMPACT OF BT COTTON IN THE MAKHATHINI FLATS OF KWAZULU-NATAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyers,   Lindie; Thirtle,   Colin G.
Analysis of a survey of the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons for the same 100 smallholders in the Makhathini Flats region of KwaZulu-Natal shows that Bt cotton has performed better than other varieties.  Having two years of data for the same farmers allows innate efficiency differences, due to factors such as farm size, to be separated from the effects of the new technology, which is not normally possible. Farmers who adopted Bt cotton in 1999-2000 benefited according to all the measures used.  Higher yields and lower chemical costs outweighed higher seed costs, giving higher gross margins. These measures showed negative benefits in 1998-99, which conflicts with continued adoption, but stochastic efficiency frontier estimation, which takes account of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: KwaZulu-Natal; Bt cotton; Stochastic Frontiers; Efficiency; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25922

POISSON COUNT MODELS TO EXPLAIN THE ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALL FARMERS IN CENTRAL AMERICAN COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Octavio A.; Schultz,   Steven D.
Evaluations of the factors influencing the adoption of agricultural and natural resource management technologies among small farmers in developing countries have been mostly limited to qualitative discussions or simple descriptive statistics resulting in superficial and inconclusive findings. This study introduces the use of Poisson Count Regressions as a statistically appropriate procedure to analyze certain common types of adoption data. It uses them to assess the impact of key socio-economic, bio-physical, and institutional factors on the adoption of integrated pest management, agroforestry, and soil conservation technologies among small farmers in three Central American countries: Costa Rica, Panama, and El Salvador.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Evaluation of development projects; Integrated pest management; Poisson count regressions; Soil conservation; Technology adoption; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15400

Linking Farmers to Markets through Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukhebi,   A.W.; Kundu,   J.; Okolla,   A.; Wambua,   M.; Ochieng,   W.; Fwamba,   G.
This paper highlights a market information and linkage system (MILS) developed and tested by the Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange Limited (KACE) that increases the efficiency of agricultural markets to work better for smallholder farmers and other small and medium sized agro-enterprises (SMEs). The MILS involves harnessing modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) to empower farmers with low-cost reliable and timely market information to enhance the bargaining power of the farmer for a better price in the market place, and to link the farmer to markets more efficiently and profitably. The components of the KACE MILS are (www.kacekenya.com): Rural based Market Information Points (MIPs) which are information kiosks located in rural...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51988

A MODEL OF PESTICIDE RESISTANCE AS A COMMON PROPERTY AND EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Secchi,   Silvia; Babcock,   Bruce A.
A dynamic farm production model analyzes the interaction between the externalities caused by pest mobility and the development of pesticide resistance, a nonrenewable resource, in the context of agricultural biotechnologies.  The model measures the effect of farmers' myopic behavior and the impact of pest mobility on the path of resistance.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Common property resource; European Corn Borer; Externalities; Pesticide resistance; Intertemporal optimization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21664

Institutional Innovations for Smallholder Compliance with International Food Safety Standards: Experiences from Kenya, Ethiopian and Zambian Green Bean Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh.
Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. Accessing developed country markets requires meeting food safety standards brought about by several demand and supply side factors. Food retailers in the EU, the major destination market, have developed protocols relating to pesticide residue limits, field and packinghouse hygiene, and traceability. In this changing scenario where food safety requirements are getting increasingly stringent, there are worries that companies that establish production centers in LDCs might exclude smallholder farmers. In this paper, we study the cases of green beans production in Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia for export...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International food safety standards; Compliance; Smallholder farmers; Institutional arrangements; Collective action; Producer organizations; Public-private partnerships; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52183

Backyard Fish Farmers Information needs in Osun State, Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogunlade,   I.
The need for increase in fish production in order to improve protein intake by Nigerians led to this study. The study analyzed information needs of backyard fish farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the socio-economic characteristics of backyard fish farmers, frequency of performance, importance and difficulties of management practices as well as the constraints facing backyard fish farming. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from 70 backyard fish farmers. The findings indicated that backyard fish farmers in Osun State were mostly males, middle aged, married and most of them rear catfish, Feeding and cleaning are frequently performed by the fish farmers, feeding and maintenance of water quality were of extreme...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Backyard; Fish farmers; Information need; Nigeria.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52078

Internet and e-Commerce Use by Agribusiness Firms: 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Jason R.; Akridge,   Jay T.; Dooley,   Frank J.
In 2001, the dot.com bubble burst and U.S. e-commerce growth slowed. Slower e-commerce growth may signal changes in the use and perceptions of the Internet and e-commerce in agribusiness companies. Agribusiness firm managers were surveyed in 2004 to identify agribusiness use of the Internet and e-commerce and to solicit their perceptions about the Internet and e-commerce. The survey was developed from a similar survey conducted in 1999. In 2004, agribusiness firms were using e-commerce more with their suppliers than with their customers. Perceptions regarding Internet and e-commerce varied by the intensity of e-commerce use. Given the variety of opinions regarding the Internet and e-commerce, e-commerce capabilities in the agribusiness industry will remain...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; E-commerce; Internet; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57697

CONSUMER DEMAND FOR MANDATORY LABELING OF BEEF FROM CATTLE ADMINISTERED GROWTH HORMONES OR FED GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lusk,   Jayson L.; Fox,   John A.
This study estimates the value of policies that would mandate labeling of beef from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn.  At no cost, 85 percent of resondents desired mandatory labeling of beef produced with growth hormones and 64 percent of respondents preferred mandatory labeling of beef fed genetically modified corn. Estimates suggest that consumers would be willing to pay 17.0 percent and 10.6 percent higher prices for beef on average to obtain information provided via mandatory labeling about whether the beef is from cattle produced with growth hormones or fed genetically modified corn, respectively.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Beef; Contingent valuation; Genetically modified foods; Growth hormones; Mandatory labeling; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15506

WHAT VALUE IS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Norton,   George W.
Methods are presented for evaluating the economic benefits of agricultural economics research (AER). Decision theory and economic surplus analysis are used to evaluate returns to five representative types of AER. Benefits stem from effects of AER on economic efficiency through reduced uncertainty about optimal resource allocation or improved institutional design.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21773

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND APPLIED ECONOMICS: AN INITIAL DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taupier,   Richard; Willis,   Cleve E.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are becoming increasingly important to virtually all of the natural and social sciences.  Applied economists will find that GIS can make valuable contributions to many of the problems with which they are concerned.  Moreover, a great deal of the science behind GIS technology would benefit from the contributions of applied economists.  This paper presents some initial suggestions for the ways in which GIS may be important to economics and the GIS related issues concerning which applied economists could provide useful insights.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31448

The Value of Information in Precision Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Xuanli; Nelson,   Macon; Ibrahim,   Mohammed.
This study examines how the value of information is measured and its role in precision farming. Two types of precision farming are discussed regarding information in use and ways of information collection. Analytical equations have been derived to link the estimation of the value of information to limited parameters available.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6742

A Comparison of Response Surface and Factorial Designs in Agricultural Research: Reply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Robert J.; Baker,   J.R.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8658

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:  A SCENARIO ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neven,   David; Peterson,   H. Christopher; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.
Over the years agricultural technology has created remarkable commodity production growth rates and enhanced general economic growth through food production, manufactured goods and trade for most nations. Biotechnology holds the promise of continuing this remarkable record. There is a long list of potential benefits of biotechnology but unfortunately the perceived costs/risks are also many. These concerns have lead to significant consumer reluctance to accept the technology and, in some cases, outright consumer rejection of the technology. To discuss the future of biotechnology, scenario analysis is used to examine the social and economic impact of biotechnology on industrialized and emerging nations. Four scenarios are discussed in detail: biotechnology...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11498

Evaluating Returns to Social Science Research: Issues and Possible Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49076

NAHRUNG VS. ENERGIE – ANALYSE DER KONKURRENZBEZIEHUNGEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rauh,   Stefan; Heissenhuber,   Alois.
Durch zahlreiche Gesetzestexte oder Richtlinien sowohl auf europäischer als auch nationaler Ebene gelang es in den letzten Jahren den Anbau von Energiebiomasse zu forcieren. Aufgrund aktueller Entwicklungen auf den Agrar- und Energiemärkten kommt es nun verstärkt zur Konkurrenz zwischen der Nahrungsmittel- und der Energieproduktion um den knappen Faktor Boden. Ein weiterer Ausbau der Bioenergieproduktion auf Basis von Biomasse führt zu einer Verdrängung der auf Lebensmittelproduktion ausgerichteten Landwirtschaft. Die Folgen für die regionale Wirtschaft können deshalb nicht nur als positiv bewertet werden. Sowohl der Arbeitkraftbedarf als auch die Wertschöpfung kann sich in der Region in Folge einer Verdrängung arbeitsintensiver Veredelungsketten verringern.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Erneuerbare Energien; Konkurrenz; Wertschöpfung; Beschäftigungseffekte; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52664

MBA EDUCATION AT DEBRECEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nabradi,   Andras; Karpati,   Laszlo; Lazanyi,   Janos.
The Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development has excelled in research, education and service in all parts of the food system from farm to fork. The core focus areas include economic education and knowledge transfer, effective food chain management, food safety and quality, contribution of technology to supply chains, economic and social development. Students come from all corners of Hungary, bringing a set of skills that helps their learning experience and creates a highly talented network whose alumni can rely on it as their careers progress.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: MBA Education; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43582

LONG-RUN STRIGA CONTROL BY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS IN MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Kebe,   Demba; Taylor,   Daniel B.; Fofana,   Makan.
A dynamic programming model is developed to identify barriers to the adoption of long-run control programs for the parasitic weed Striga.  The model is applied to Sirakorola in northwestern Mali.  The ability of national and village-level institutions to overcome the barriers to adoption is explored.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20818

An Economic Analysis of Research and Technology Transfer of Millet, Sorghum, and Cowpeas in Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzucato,   Valentina; Ly,   Samba.
This study analyzes returns to investments in Niger's research and technology transfer system for millet, sorghum, and cowpea between 1975 and 1991. Sixty-eight percent of the country's public-sector outlays for agricultural research and 58% of its agricultural researchers were devoted to research on these three crops between 1986 and 1990. Most of this research was done by INRAN, the national agricultural research institute of Niger (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Millet; Sorghum; Cowpeas; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 11; R11.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54730

MARKET STRUCTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONG-RUN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Brian F.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
A country specializing in a high technology industry may find that excess returns stemming from innovation are reallocated overseas as foreign-based multinationals access ongoing domestic R&amp;D through alliances with or acquisition of established domestic start-ups. Computer simulation illustrates this process in the context of the current US specialization in biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, market structure, comparative advantage
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Market structure; Comparative advantage; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21835

FINANCING AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D IN RICH COUNTRIES: WHAT'S HAPPENING AND WHY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Governments everywhere are trimming their support for agricultural R&amp;D, giving greater scrutiny to the support that they do provide, and reforming the public agencies that fund, oversee, and carry out the research. This represents a break from previous patterns, which had consisted of expansion in the public funds for agricultural R&amp;D. Private-sector spending on agricultural research has slowed along with the growth of public spending in recent years, but the balance continues to shift towards the private sector. This article presents a quantitative review of these funding trends and the considerable institutional changes that have accompanied them. We discuss new data for 22 OECD countries, providing institutional details for five of these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16096

Payoffs to Investments in Agricultural Technology in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Crawford,   Eric W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 7.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11411

Managing water for the poor; Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Pro-Poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigation Agriculture in Asia - Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, Colombo, 9-10 August 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Surface irrigation; Large-scale systems; Poverty; Irrigation programs; Rural development; Participatory management; Conflict; Water users' associations; Farmer-agency interactions; Financing; Policy; Water rates; Pricing; Water scarcity; Rice; Irrigation scheduling; Water delivery; Case studies; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118412

Simulation in inventory management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcikic,   Aleksandra; Radovanov,   Boris.
In this paper inventory management is analyzed as an organic part of the supply chain managing process. In today’s competitive economic environment traditional inventory policies should be improved. Simulation models enable a priori managing and analyzing variety of possible results and implication of selected inventory policies. The model presented in this paper uses the Monte Carlo simulation method and variables taken as random, in order to depict a harmonization and integration of dynamic quantitative analysis and theoretical, qualitative concepts of inventory management.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Monte Carlo simulation; Modeling; Inventory management; Supply chain management.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C15; C63.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94592

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Includes:  An Economic Analysis of Intelligent Transportation Systems in the Distribution of Agricultural and Food Products, by Albert J. Allen, Warren C. Couvillion and David Parrish; Small-Volume Fresh Growers' Marketing Channels: A Case Study of Tennessee Producers, by John R. Brooker and David B. Eastwood; Specific Programs That the Pat 28 Winners of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 1988-1996, Have Undertaken to Implement Their Quality Strategies, by Robert R. Cangemi and Raymond H. Lopez; Implications if Changes in the Food Supply Chain for Small and Medium Sized Produce Firms in the Pacific Northwest, by Sarah M. Duffel, Desmond O'Rourke and Jill McCluskey; Customers' Willingness to Travel to Farmer's Markets, by David B. Eastwood;...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27413

Multi-criteria assessment of ethical aspects in fresh tomato systems: Plant genomics technology innovation and food policy uses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michalopoulos,   T.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; Heuvelink,   E.; Hogeveen,   Henk.
Product assessment for imperceptible characteristics like environmental impact, healthfulness, naturalness, and fairness is a helpful tool in product innovation and for enhancing socially responsible conduct. In this study we apply multiple criteria analysis for the assessment of fresh tomatoes in terms of consumer perceptions regarding the above characteristics. The generated indices provide an explicit and comprehensive representation of consumer perceptions. Existing tomato products from the Dutch market are ranked alongside (reasonable conjectures of) potential products to be developed with the use of plant genomics technology. The results are interpreted to provide insights into the socially optimal use of (plant genomics) technology for fresh tomato...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethical assessment; Corporate societal responsibility; Multiple criteria.; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44147

FORCES RESHAPING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bentley,   Orville G.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17681

THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN THE FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MARKET VIA COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epperson,   James E.; Moon,   Leonard C.
The authors describe the potential use of computer technology in marketing fresh fruit and vegetables.  They also point out the necessary changes which are needed in the industry before their recommended system would be fully feasible.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26884

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING OF SLAUGHTER CATTLE IN VIRGINIA: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russell,   James R.; Purcell,   Wayne D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29399

SUPPLY RESPONSE TO TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND REGULATION: THE CASE OF MECHANICALLY DEBONED POULTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McNiel,   Douglas W.; Burbee,   Clark R.; Wetzel,   Howard R., II.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30154

Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Eleven Southern States: Results from the 2005 Southern Precision Farming Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cochran,   Rebecca L.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larson,   James A.; Goodman,   W. Robert; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Shurley,   W. Donald; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
Precision Farming by Cotton Producers in Eleven Southern States: Results from the 2005 Southern Precision Farming Survey
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Precision farming; Survey; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91332

Social rate of return to plant breeding research in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Kirschke,   Dieter; Lotze-Campen,   Hermann; Noleppa,   Steffen.
This article focuses on the social rate of return to plant breeding investment in Germany between 1980-2000. Starting point of the analysis is the development of total factor productivity which is decomposed into the effects of factor input and research investment. Information on investment in plant breeding have been obtained via questionnaires sent to both private plant breeding companies and public research organizations. The empirical results suggest significant underinvestment in German plant breeding research, as the calculated social rate of return is in the range of 16 to 28%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Plant breeding investment; Social rate of return; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97449

ADOPT: a tool for predicting adoption of agricultural innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuehne,   Geoff; Llewellyn,   Rick S.; Pannell,   David J.; Wilkinson,   Roger; Dolling,   P.; Ewing,   Michael A.
A wealth of evidence exists about the adoption of new practices and technologies in agriculture but there does not appear to have been any attempt to simplify this vast body of research knowledge into a model to make quantitative predictions across a broad range of contexts. This is despite increasing demand from research, development and extension agencies for estimates of likely extent of adoption and the likely timeframes for project impacts. This paper reports on the reasoning underpinning the development of ADOPT (Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool). The tool has been designed to: 1) predict an innovation‘s likely peak extent of adoption and likely time for reaching that peak; 2) encourage users to consider the influence of a structured...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Diffusion; Prediction; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100570

Measuring Part-Whole Bias: Some Evidence from Crop Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marra,   Michele C.; Piggott,   Nicholas E.
We analyze the non-pecuniary aspects of some crop biotechnologies taken from three farm-level surveys. We focus particularly on the phenomen on of part-whole bias, which is the empirical finding that the sum of the stated part-worths (the value of each nonpecuniary characteristic) is greater than the stated total value of all the non-pecuniary characteristics. We analyze the empirical evidence of part-whole bias in the surveys, while decomposing it to further understand the phenomenon and to rescale the stated values of the non-pecuniary characteristics in the surveys. We find for all three surveys that the degree to which part-worths should be rescaled is about 60 percent.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25372

A contribuição de P&amp;D Agropecuário para Convergência e Crescimento da Renda Agropecuária no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barreto,   Ricardo Candéa Sá; Almeida,   Eduardo Simões de.
Este artigo estuda o crescimento econômico e a convergência de renda Agropecuária dos estados Brasileiros de 1986 a 2004. Para este fim, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos, controlando-se a dependência espacial.  Além de comprovar convergência condicional, o modelo econométrico revelou que o crescimento do PIB per capita agropecuário foi afetado por variáveis como capital físico agropecuário, infra-estrutura telefônica, infra-estrutura de armazenagem, crédito rural, número de trabalhadores rurais, e por externalidades espaciais. Além disso, ficou evidenciada a importância de P &amp; D agropecuário para o crescimento e convergência de renda per capita no setor agropecuário e ainda a  geração de externalidades espaciais...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Convergência de renda agropecuária; Nova geografia econômica; Modelo de efeitos fixos com dependência espacial; Income convergence; New economic geography; Fixed effect model with spatial dependence; Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O18; O47; R11; R23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108170

PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, AND EFFICIENCY CHANGE IN CHINESE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FROM 1984 TO 1993
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mao,   Weining; Koo,   Won W.
This study applies a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to analyze total factor productivity, technology, and efficiency changes in Chinese agricultural production from 1984 to 1993. Twenty- nine provinces in China were classified into advanced-technology and low-technology categories.  The Malmquist productivity measures were decomposed into two components: technical change index and efficiency change index.  The results showed that total factor productivity has risen in most provinces for both technology categories.  Technical progress has been the most important factor to Chinese agricultural productivity growth since 1984 and will remain crucial to productivity growth in low-technology provinces.  Low efficiency in many important agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chinese agriculture; Total Factor Productivity (TFP); Technology; Technical efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23442

Establishment of a protected area in Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Centre for International Economics.
The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project ANREI/90/20 assisted in the establishment of a number of protected areas in Vanuatu by improving information flows and by establishing appropriate institutional structures. The total research benefit from this project is estimated to be: - A$1.89 million divided up as follows.$0.14 million is the present value to landowners, based on estimates of the surplus—return on land above logging returns foregone. For most areas, the benefits to the landowners exceeded the returns from logging and the landowners were willing to establish the area without compensation arrangements. - $1.07 million is the project’s contribution to improving the net returns on logging activities—assuming that...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Venuatu; Forestry; Protected area; Land value; Logging; Timber harvest; Harvesting; Tourism; Tourist; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47192

Agricultural R&amp;D and Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinopoulos,   Elias.
The paper develops a dynamic general-equilibrium model of Schumpeterian growth which is fueled by industrial and agricultural R&amp;D. The former is private and results in better production processes, whereas the latter is government-financed (public and applied) R&amp;D and generates better crop varieties. The arrival of innovations in either sector is stochastic. The model is used to calculate the steady-state equilibrium and the growth-maximizing mix of agricultural and industrial R&amp;D investments. It is also used to highlight the properties of social rates of return (ROR) of R&amp;D which are based on partial-equilibrium calculations. These measures overestimate the true agricultural social ROR and underestimate the true industrial social ROR of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Research and development; Economic growth; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 14; Q16.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54690

DETERMINANTS OF KANSAS FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN ON-FARM RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Barry K.; Schurle,   Bryan W.; Norman,   David W.; Freyenberger,   S.G.; Bloomquist,   L.E.; Regehr,   D.L.
On-farm research (OFR) has increased in popularity in the U.S. in recent years due to heightened interest in sustainability issues, the likely decline in resources available for agricultural research, and increasing pressures for accountability and responsiveness to state and local needs.  Information relating to OFR was obtained from 431 commercial Kansas farmers.  Data were analyzed to determine the degree of OFR being implemented, and three models were estimated to identify which farmer/farm characteristics influenced its implementation.  The results indicate that OFR is commonly implemented, and that several farm/farmer characteristics are related to the degree of OFR initiated.  It is proposed that to maximize the return from externally initiated OFR,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farmer attitudes; Farmer participation; Farming systems research; On-farm research; Sustainable agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15062

Australian Sheep Industry CRC: Economic Evaluations of Scientific Research Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vere,   David T.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Silvester,   Luke T.
By the end of its seven-year term in 2007-08, the Australian Sheep Industry CRC (Sheep CRC) will have received total funds of about $90 million, that comprises Commonwealth and industry funding of $30 million, and in-kind contributions valued at $60 million. This level of public and private funding emphasises the need for the Sheep CRC to demonstrate that its research programs will generate sound economic returns to all stakeholders. This paper reports an evaluation of the potential economic value of the achievements of the Sheep CRC at the midpoint of its term of operations at which it has some completed research and a large volume of research in progress. The main question that has been addressed in this evaluation concerns the nature and likely...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sheep research; Economic evaluations; Economic-surplus- benefit-cost analysis.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42651

The Relative Payoffs From R&amp;D and Generic Advertising Expenditure by the Australian Pig Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mounter,   Stuart W.; Griffith,   Garry R.; Piggott,   Roley R.; Mullen,   John D.
Australian Pork Limited collects producer levies and matching contributions from the Federal government (on some of the levy income), and uses these funds to invest in R&amp;D, domestic and export marketing campaigns and strategic policy development.  In 2003/04, more than $18 million in funds were available.  Levy payers and other stakeholders want to know that these funds are being well spent to generate positive net returns to the industry.  This issue is particularly important at present, with the Australian pig meat industry competing in a global market environment, producing significant quantities of pork exports but also facing significant quantities of pork imports for further processing.  An equilibrium displacement model of the Australian pig...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12943

Water poverty in the northeastern hill region (India): Potential alleviation through multiple-use water systems: Cross-learnings from Nepal Hills
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Bharat R.; Riaz,   M.V.; Pant,   Dhruba; Adhikary,   D.L.; Bhatt,   B.P.; Rahman,   H.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water poverty index; Construction; Multiple use; Water storage; Farming systems; Villages; Social aspects; Drip irrigation; Nepal; Nagaland; Mon district; Lampong Sheanghah; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91466

Farming Systems in the Pastoral Zone of NSW: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Khairo,   Salahadin A.; Mullen,   John D.; Hacker,   Ronald B.; Patton,   Dean A.
A ‘broad brush’ picture of farming in the pastoral zone of NSW is presented in this report. The pastoral zone of NSW is characterised by wide variations in climatic conditions, soil type and vegetation species. Hence representative faming system analysis was conducted for three sub-regions - the Upper Darling, the Murray-Darling and Far West. The regions were defined and described in terms of their resources, climate and the nature of agriculture. The main enterprises that farmers choose between were described and whole farm budgets and statements of assets and liabilities for the representative farms were developed. The representative farm models were used to compare traditional Merino based sheep enterprises with alternative sheep enterprises where meat...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Western Division; Farming systems; Economic; Analysis; New South Wales; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42655

Building Trust with Organic Food: The Case of Organic Eggs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Declerck,   Francis; Fourcadet,   Olivier.
Many consumers do not understand the significance of the Organic labels. The EFSA and the USDA makes no claim that organically produced food is safer or “healthier.” or more nutritious than conventionally produced food. Consumers will still need to read nutrition labels and make wise selections to maintain an overall healthy diet. “Organic” food does not mean “natural”. Only food labelled “organic” designate that the product meets the new EU or USDA organic standards. In Europe and elsewhere, food products’ Quality Labels (QL) have appeared in the early 1960s and their number has been increasing since then. QL are publicly owned, like “Organic Label” or privately owned, like “Carrefour Bio” brands which signal a “quality” difference from other products
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59179

THE EFFECTS OF THE U.S. PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT ON WHEAT GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Venner,   Raymond J.
The U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) of 1970 was meant to strengthen intellectual property protection for plant breeders. A model of investment under partial excludability is developed, leading to the hypotheses that any increase in excludability or appropriability of the returns to invention, attributable to the PVPA, would lead to increases in investment or efficiency gains in varietal R&amp;D, improved varietal quality, and enhanced royalties. These hypotheses are tested in an economic analysis of the effects of the PVPA on wheat genetic improvement. The PVPA appears to have contributed to increases in public expenditures on wheat variety improvement, but private-sector investment in wheat breeding does not appear to have increased. Moreover,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Wheat; Genetic improvement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16059

The Economic Impacts of Biotechnology-Based Technological Innovations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Traxler,   Greg.
Global adoption of transgenic crops reached 67.7 million hectares in 2003 from 2.8 million in 1996. Delivery has occurred almost entirely through the private sector and adoption has been rapid in areas where the crops addressed serious production constraints and where farmers had access to the new technologies. Three countries (USA, Argentina and Canada), three crops (soybean, cotton and maize) and two traits (insect resistance and herbicide tolerance) account for the vast majority of global transgenic area. While some farmers in some developing countries are benefiting, most do not have access to transgenic crops and traits that address their needs. This paper surveys the level and distribution of the economic impacts of transgenic cotton and soybeans to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Biotechnology; Economic Development; Technological Change; Cotton; Soybean; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23806

International Technology Spillovers in Climate-Economy Models: Two Possible Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: De Cian,   Enrica.
This paper analyzes two possible methodologies of modeling international technology spillovers in a climate-economy CGE model. Technological change, by affecting productivity, energy and carbon intensity, eventually influences the amount of CO2 emissions, the costs and the timing of the policies targeted at their reduction. Technological change is here defined so as to include also the diffusion and adoption phase. In an increasingly integrated world, new products and technologies developed in one region will eventually diffuse internationally. The two approaches described in this paper are based on two mechanisms used to model technological change in climate models: learning curves, total factor productivity and the autonomous energy efficient improvement...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12040

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND LABOR'S RELATIVE SHARE: THE MECHANIZATION OF U.S. COTTON PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Marshall A.; Havlicek,   Joseph, Jr.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30528

Using Isolates Endophytic Trichoderma spp., for the Panamá disease biocontrol (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense) race 1 in Gros Michel (AAA) cropper of banana vitro-plants with greenhouse conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caballero Hernández,   Alvaro José; Enamorado, Luis Ernesto Pocasangre; Casanoves, Fernando; Avelino, Jacques; Fernandez, Ana Cecilia Tapia; Ortiz, Juan Luis.
This paper was submitted on the first national congress of Sustainable Agriculture: Today and future life towards climate change, 25-26 August 2011,UNA Nicaragua.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Panama disease; Banana; Gros Michel (AAA); Endophytic fungus; Biological control; Trichoderma spp; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116033

The Effects of Urban Consumer Perceptions on Attitudes for Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrison,   R. Wes; Han,   Jae-Hwan.
The effects of consumer perceptions on attitudes toward the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s current labeling policy for GM foods are examined.  Results show that as beliefs regarding potential adverse effects of GM crops on wildlife and the environment increase, consumers are less likely to support the FDA's current labeling policy.  The perceived safety of GM foods was also found to be important.  As consumers perceive GM foods to be safe (unsafe), they are more (less) likely to support the current policy. However, concerns regarding potential environmental damage of GM crops are more important relative to beliefs regarding the potential for negative long-term health effects.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27720

Did farmers’ livelihood improve? An impact assessment of incorporating forages into the crop-livestock system in the coastal savannah zone of Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ameleke,   G.Y.; Okantah,   S.A.; Sottie,   E.T.; Marfo-Ahenkora,   E.A.; Aboe,   P.A.T.
The study used programming methods to assess the farm-level impact of incorporating forages, including dual purpose Cajanus cajan (C. cajan), into the crop-livestock system in the Coastal Savannah Zone of Ghana. The system was modeled in GAMS and solved using linear programming. The optimal enterprise mixes and their resultant net revenues with and without the interventions and therefore the change in net revenue were obtained. The intervention was to grow forages as part of the crop-livestock system and feed them to milking cows and their calves for increased milk production and growth. The grain of the forage was used as food by the farmers, and manure from the animals was also used for crop production. The effect of policy options like educating farmers...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: GAMS; Ghana; Grain; Forages; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52075

Innovation Histories: A method from learning from experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Douthwaite,   Boru; Ashby,   Jacqueline.
Preparing an ‘innovation history’ is a method for recording and reflecting on an innovation process. People who have been involved in the innovation jointly construct a detailed written account (sometimes referred to as a ‘learning history’) based on their recollections and on available documents. The process of preparing this history stimulates discussion, reflection and learning amongst stakeholders. Subsequent planning can build on the lessons learned, formulate a shared vision and act as a catalyst for change. Based on the initial detailed account of the innovation process, more concise informational products can be prepared that summarize the innovation process for wider dissemination of findings. These may include public awareness materials, policy...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Histories; Learning; Change; ILAC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52515

THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISED CREDIT PROGRAMS ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN DEVELOPING AGRICULTURE: REPLY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scobie,   Grant M.; Franklin,   David L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22727

Production Flexibility and Technical Change in Australia's Wheat-Sheep Zone
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McKay,   Lloyd; Lawrence,   Denis; Vlastuin,   Chris.
The flexibility of production and the bias of technical change in the Wheat-  Sheep Zone has been examined by estimating the system of derived output and input share equations from a translog variable profit function. This analysis was undertaken for three outputs (sheep and wool, crops, and beef cattle and other farm output) and five inputs (labour, materials and services, livestock, capital, and land).  The supply of each of these three major groups of farm outputs has been inelastic. Sheep enterprise production has been complementary with cropping while crop and beef cattle outputs have not been complementary. The demand for materials and services inputs has been elastic while the elasticity of demand for labour has been approximately unity.  Wool and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12290

DYNAMICS OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND OUTPUT RELATIONSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Craig,   Barbara J.
Allocative decisions concerning public sector agricultural research appear to be driven by both supply and, politically mediated, demand forces.  In-sample Granger and Modified Sim's tests, along with post-sample predictive tests, suggest that simultaneity issues should not be ignored when modelling the research expenditure-output relationship.  The results also provide strong evidence that the impact of research expenditures on agricultural output persists for at least 30 years.  These lags are substantially longer than those commonly used for agricultural research to date.  The lagged effect of output on research appears much shorter, at something less than 10 years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13515

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 2: Structure and Performance of the Canadian Food Processing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
This report is the second chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian Food Processing Industry in relation to the structure, performance, productivity growth, innovation, challenges and opportunities. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food processing; Structural change; Consolidation; Performance; Competitiveness; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52706

DECOMPOSING THE SIZE EFFECT ON THE ADOPTION OF INNOVATIONS: AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Daberkow,   Stan G.; McBride,   William D.
This study contrasts the relationship between farm-size and adoption for two types of innovations, genetically engineered crops and precision farming, controlling for other factors. The analysis uses an extension of the McDonald and Moffit decomposition for the two-limit Tobit model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20527

Fruit fly in Malaysia and Thailand 1985-1993
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Collins,   B.A.; Collins,   David J.
Fruit flies are a serious economic pest affecting horticultural production world-wide. Increasing coordination of activities between neighbouring countries and those countries involved in fresh fruit trade is leading to more effective regional management of the fruit fly pest.  1.1 ACIAR Research Projects.   ACIAR has supported fruit fly research in developing countries since 1984. Two projects, based in Thailand and Malaysia, have generated significant scientific and economic outcomes. The total cost of these two projects was $1.7m (in 1996 dollars). Specific outcomes include: 1. A more detailed understanding of exotic fruit fly species, their host range, pest status and spatial distribution; 2. Increased interest in fruit fly management in Thailand and...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Fruit fly; Malaysia; Thailand; Australia; Pest; Fruit; Production; Export; Papaya; Outbreak; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47194

2008 Michigan Dairy Industry Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bitsch,   Vera.
The Michigan State University (MSU) Dairy Team conducted an industry survey with the objectives of identifying and rating industry priorities. After holding discussion groups across the state, two questionnaires were developed and sent to 2,237 dairy farm owners and operators and 480 allied industry professionals in the state; 23.4% of the dairy farmers and 28.1% of the allied industry professionals returned questionnaires with useable data. This report summarizes respondents’ ratings of industry issues, as well as education and knowledge needs. In addition, educational preferences, management practices, Internet use and access, demographic information, and farm characteristics are outlined.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Dairy farmers; Dairy industry; Extension evaluation; Information sources; Internet use; Survey questionnaire; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; M0; Q12; Q13; Q14; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51842

PATENTS, R&amp;D, AND MARKET STRUCTURE IN THE U.S. FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gopinath,   Munisamy; Vasavada,   Utpal.
This study investigates the effects of market structure and research and development (R&amp;D) on the innovation activities of firms. Fixed and random effects count data models are estimated with firm-level data for the U.S. food processing industry. Results show a positive association between patents and R&amp;D, and patents and market structure, suggesting that firms which exhibit noncompetitive behavior are likely to develop new products and processes. Significant intra-industry spillovers of knowledge are identified using industry R&amp;D. For this industry, deadweight losses from imperfect competition may be offset by greater product variety and quality of food products for consumers.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30869

THE IMPACT OF SUPERVISED CREDIT PROGRAMMES ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN DEVELOPING AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scobie,   Grant M.; Franklin,   David L.
Restrictions on input use frequently accompany the granting of institutional credit to farmers in developing agriculture. A general economic framework is suggested to analyze the net social benefits of such a policy. The paper discusses the potential for manipulating the policy variables to foster more rapid adoption of new agricultural technology. An empirical analysis of the impact of a supervised credit programme in Guatemala on farm performance and farmer decision-making is presented.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22992

A Politico-Economic Model of Aging, Technology Adoption and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lancia,   Francesco; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
Over the past century, all OECD countries have been characterized by a dramatic increase in economic conditions, life expectancy and educational attainment. This paper provides a positive theory that explains how an economy might evolve when the longevity of its citizens both influences and is influenced by the process of economic development. We propose a three periods OLG model where agents, during their lifetime, cover different economic roles characterized by different incentive schemes and time horizon. Agents’ decisions embrace two dimensions: the private choice about education and the public one upon innovation policy. The theory focuses on the crucial role played by heterogeneous interests in determining innovation policies, which are one of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Life Expectancy; Human Capital; Systemic Innovation; Majority Voting; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D70; J10; O14; O31; O43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9552

Environmental and social values of river water: examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Priyanka; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
Many decisions on water allocation in river basins are made on economic grounds. Environmental and social benefits of water should also be considered in river basin management, and attempts should be made to value them similarly. This is not a straightforward task and very few studies have directly addressed this issue to date. In this paper, the Menik Ganga (River) in southern Sri Lanka is used as a case study to attempt and evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations, referred to as ‘environmental flows’ (EF). In this study, a broad definition of EF is used: the components of EF evaluated include the requirements of the religious festival, the requirements of the Yala National Park, the requirements of the Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rivers; Ecosystems; Wetlands; Wildlife; Fisheries; Water allocation; Water requirements; Case studies; Economic evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91876

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY IN EMERGING RESEARCH SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maredia,   Mywish K.; Byerlee,   Derek R.; Maredia,   Karim.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26022

DISTANCE TO INFORMATION SOURCE AND THE TIME LAG TO EARLY ADOPTION OF TRACE ELEMENT FERTILISERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Jarrett,   Frank G.
Some hypotheses about the timing of farmers becoming aware of an innovation and the subsequent decision to use that innovation are derived from a recently developed, decision-theoretic model of the adoption process. They are tested using empirical evidence on the time taken by early adopters of trace element fertilisers in S.A. to discover and decide to use this innovation. The central role of information search in the adoption process is emphasised and it is postulated that various distance measures provide a useful measure of information availability and reliability. The results of the empirical analysis are consistent with the hypothesised relationships. Another finding is the importance of distinguishing between early adopters who are genuinely...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22607

Tactical Opportunities, Risk Attitude and Choice of Farming Strategy: an Application of the Distribution Method
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Graham R.; Jones,   Randall E.; Wall,   Lisa M.
When assessing farming strategies, it is important to account for the opportunities provided for tactically adjusting to outcomes of risk. The hypothesis that accounting for tactical adjustment is more important than accounting for risk attitude was supported in this study with regard to identifying the optimal drainage recirculation strategy for an irrigated dairy farm. Failing to account for tactical adjustment would lead to a sub‐optimal choice, costing the farmer about A$3 100 in present value terms. In contrast, failing to account for risk aversion would not affect the strategy chosen. The distribution method was found to be well suited to modelling tactical adjustment.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118064

THE ADOPTION AND IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirsten,   Johann F.; Gouse,   Marnus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18054

Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Biological Agents (Microbial Inoculants) Input Usage in Apple Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Holcer; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Kloepper,   Joseph.
In this paper, we analyze the impact of the Microbial Inoculants (MI) Technology on apple yields and pesticide application using 2007 farm data. The results show that pesticide usage is not reduced by MI applications. However, there is a significant positive effect on the yields. Apple production efficiency is 37%.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Microbial Inoculants; Apple production; Frontier analysis; Damage control; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119796

Impacts of Mud Crab Hatchery Technology in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113214

Accounting of agricultural and nonagricultural impacts of irrigation and drainage Systems: A report of research in Taiwan and Sri Lanka in 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
This paper is a collaborative research between the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Agricultural Engineering Research Centre of Taiwan. This study contributes to IWMI’s program on the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. The research in 2003 consists of two components. First, research in Taiwan continues on estimating the positive and negative externalities of paddy-rice production. Second, research is being conducted in Sri Lanka to assess more broadly the impact of water resource development. In addition, two extensive literature reviews have been completed
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation programs; Drainage; Rice; Crop production; Case studies; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92407

Estimating water requirements and water storage requirements for farms, community and backyard gardens, and for large irrigation systems: A user manual for PLANWAT Version 1.2.3b and a CD-ROM to install this program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Heerden,   Pieter S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computer models; Computer software; Irrigation requirements; Estimation; Irrigated farming; Irrigation management; Water harvesting; Water requirements; Water storage; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92657

Technological Change, Fuel Efficiency and Carbon Intensity in Electricity Generation: A Cross-Country Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verdolini,   Elena; Johnstone,   Nick; Hascic,   Ivan.
This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of energy efficiency in fossil fuel electricity generation across 28 OECD countries over the period 1981-2006, with particular attention to the role played by technological development and the availability of energy efficient technologies in the market. This contribution is novel in three respects: first, empirically assess the effects of different determinants of energy efficiency, which include the input mix in electricity generation, the capacity ratio at which power plants are run, as well as the characteristics of the production technology. Second, we focus on the role of technological availability: using patent data for carefully selected innovations in fossil-fuel technologies, we build...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil Fuel Electricity Generation; Energy Efficiency; Carbon Intensity; Technological Change; Patents; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q40; O33; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120043

The Northern Myth revisited: A resource economics research response to renewed interest in the agricultural development of the Kimberley region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Greiner,   Romy.
The proposal for a 64,000 hectare expansion of the Ord River Irrigation Area is one example of the renewed interest in agricultural development in the tropical north of the Australian continent. Thirty five years ago Bruce Davidson provided conclusive ‘evidence’ that agricultural development in this region was not financially sustainable unless supported by ongoing government subsidies. He argued that this conclusion was unlikely to change in the future. This paper outlines the controversy over past and proposed agricultural developments and explains the role of agriculture in the Kimberley economy today and in relation to other natural resource based industries. In a time when the paradigm of sustainable development recognises ‘quality of life’ and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123655

Digital Europe – Chance for Job in Hungary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Varallyai,   Laszlo; Herdon,   Miklos.
The 35 percents of EU total population use the advanced Internet services. This rate is very low and has to increase in the next years, because the employed person needs ICT user's skills. At the first level the digital literacy and at the second level the higher knowledge of ICT acquiring is very important, because nowadays, without these abilities it is not so easy to get qualified jobs in Hungary. In the information society it is very important to measure the digital literacy. For this measuring we have to ask the users to evaluate their own knowledge. In the World Internet Project evaluation we did not find a significant disparity between the evaluation of average Internet knowledge usage and that of the computer usage. In both cases, most people...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Digital Europe; Digital literacy; E-Learning; Lifelong learning; Knowledge patent; Education; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; GA; IN.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96862

THE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT STATE IN THE REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morozova,   Tatiana.
The paper reviews the current state of the innovation system in Rostov region. Despite huge scientific-technical potential the region has a shortage of high technology industries. Set of recommendations put forward including deepening integration links among producing companies and other institutions of the regional innovation system.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovative activity; Interaction; Innovative development.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O38.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94567

Agricultural outsourcing: A comparison between the Netherlands and Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Igata,   Masayo; Hendriksen,   Astrid; Heijman,   Wim J.M.
Outsourcing may well be a tool for increasing the efficiency of Japanese agriculture. However, outsourcing is not frequently used by Japanese farmers in their day-to-day management. This has resulted in a weakly developed market for agricultural contracting services. In order to take a closer look at the reasons for making use of outsourcing, a comparative study was carried out between the agricultural contracting sector in Japan and that in the Netherlands, where agricultural outsourcing is a regular practice. In the Netherlands, especially small, diversified farms that lack sufficient labour tend to outsource agricultural work; in Japan, the situation is far less clear. Cultural factors possibly play an important role.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural outsourcing; Farm size; Diversification; Labour shortage; Cultural factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48332

HOW WILL THE GMO DEBATE AFFECT THE WTO AND FARM TRADE REFORM?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Nielsen,   Chantal Pohl.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23687

ADOPTION AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SITE-SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES IN U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
A Heckman's two-stage method is used in conjunction with data from the 1998 Agricultural Resource Management Study to estimate the likelihood of adopting a variable rate application technology (VRT) and the impact of such adoption on the per-acre costs of fertilizers and lime in cash grain production. Results highlight the importance of operator's level of human capital and attitude toward risk, along with size and location of farm in impacting VRT adoption decisions. Results also indicate no significant cost-savings attributable to VRT adoption.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20593

Revitalizing Zambia’s Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (Amic)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gage,   Daria.
1. Public sector agricultural market information systems (MIS) can provide useful information to farmers, uninformed traders, and policy makers. While private information networks offer a valuable service to select clients, only a well-functioning public MIS can redress information asymmetries among marketing actors that can inhibit competition. 2. The second core mission of a public MIS should be to organize and manage data in such a way that government decision-makers and civil society organizations can accurately diagnose and even anticipate emerging market problems and respond to them in a timely manner. 3. Zambia’s AMIC suffers from a range of weaknesses all along the supply chain for price information. Data collection and transmission is irregular...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural market information systems; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113646

A MICROCOMPUTER LINEAR PROGRAMMING PACKAGE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO MAINFRAMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laughlin,   David H.
This paper presents the capabilities and limitations of a microcomputer linear programming package.  The solution algorithm is a version of the revised simplex.  Rapid problem entry, user ease of operation, sensitivity analyses on objective function and right hand sides are advantages.  A problem size of 150 activities and 64 constraints can be solved in present form.  Due to problem size, limitations and lack of parametric and integer programming routines, this package is thought to have the most value in teaching applications and research problems in the smaller size categories.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29609

Tudásközpont a bioenergetikai ágazatban
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dinya,   Laszlo.
A gyöngyösi Károly Róbert Főiskola (KRF) 2006-2009 között egy tíztagú, bio-energetikai innovációs konzorcium munkáját koordinálta a „BIOENKRF” jelű kutatási projekt megvalósításában, melyet az NKTH támogatott az „Asbóth Oszkár” húzóágazati pályázati program keretében. A projekt eredményeként létrejött az a tudásközpont, amely fontos szerepet vállalt a bioenergetikai ágazat hazai kialakulásának támogatásában. Az eredményekről és a program folytatásáról a Magyar Tudomány Ünnepe alkalmából 2009. november 9-én szervezett országos konferencián számoltak be a vezető kutatók. A tudásközpont és a ráépülő, nemzetközivé terebélyesedett tudáshálózat ma már különféle üzleti projekteket szervez és széles körű innovációs szolgáltatásokat végez....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bioenergetikai tudásközpont; Innovációs tudáshálózat; Bioenergy knowledge centre; Innovation knowledge network; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99079

EXPECTED ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGIES ON U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14263

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
The Importance of Product/Consumer Attributes In Consumer Buying Decisions, by S.M. Fletcher, T.T. Fu, A.V.A. Resurreccion; Supermarket Produce Demand and Shelf Space Effects, by John J. VanSickle, German Molina; Package Size Preference for Meat and Poultry Products As Related to Demographic Characteristics, by Tami J. Gundry, J. Richard Bacon, U.C. Toensmeyer, R. Dean Shippy; Merrimack College to Offer Certificate Program In Food Retail Management, by James J. Corbett; Changes During Freezing, Storage and Stimulated Distribution In Beef Roasts and Ground Beef Intended for Military and School Lunch Program Usage, by B.W. Berry, J.L. Secrist, E.C. Green; Consumer Awareness and Response to Restructured Beef Steaks, by B.W. Berry; Regional Trends and Spacial...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27343

The Effects of the Internet on U.S. Bilateral Trade in Agricultural and Horticultural Commodities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wheatley,   W. Parker; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper discusses some of the reasons why the Internet might have a positive effect on the international trade in agricultural and horticultural commodities between the United States and its partners.  It provides some simple econometric tests which differentiate the export and import effects of Internet infrastructure and cost.  It also shows that the effect may be dependent on product heterogeneity/perishability.  Given the growth of the Internet over the past decade, coming to terms and measuring these effects is important to both producers and policymakers in considering the competitive impacts of this new technology.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Internet; Trade; Agricultural commodities; Technology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F10; O39; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19227

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Rural Poverty: Application of an Endogenous Switching Regression for Selected East African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asfaw,   Solomon; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.
Achieving agricultural growth and development and thereby improving rural household welfare will require increased efforts to provide yield enhancing and natural resources conserving technologies. Agricultural research and technological improvements are therefore crucial to increase agricultural productivity and thereby reduce poverty. However evaluation of the impact of these technologies on rural household welfare have been very limited by lack of appropriate methods and most of previous research has therefore failed to move beyond estimating economic surplus and return to research investment. This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of modern agricultural technologies on rural household welfare measured by crop income and consumption...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural household welfare; Technology adoption; Propensity score matching; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C13; C15; O32; O38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97049

OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florkowski,   Wojciech J.
The need for the multidisciplinary research collaboration results from the needs of modern economy. Cutting-edge-research is increasingly multidisciplinary and requires experts to bring disciplinary knowledge, but willing and able to share knowledge and experience in the search for comprehensive solutions. Individual efforts can become more efficient if the institutional structures promote unimpeded exchange of knowledge through informal and formal arrangements. Agricultural and applied economists can assume the leadership position in multidisciplinary research projects by identifying the researchable issue and guiding the search for solutions given preferences and attitudes of users. Universities that do not innovate and encourage multidisciplinary...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Multidisciplinary research collaboration; Institutional promotion; Attitudes of researchers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43408

Intensity of Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption by Cotton Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Chintawar,   Sachin; Roberts,   Roland K.; Larson,   James A.; English,   Burton C.; Lambert,   Dayton M.; Marra,   Michele C.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.; Martin,   Steven W.
Many studies on the adoption of precision technologies have generally used logit models to explain the adoption behavior of individuals. This study investigates factors affecting the intensity of precision agriculture technologies adopted by cotton farmers. Particular attention is given to the role of spatial yield variability on the number of precision farming technologies adopted, using a count data estimation procedure and farm-level data. Results indicate that farmers with more within-field yield variability adopted a higher number of precision agriculture technologies. Younger and better educated producers and the number of precision agriculture technologies used were significantly correlated. Finally, farmers using computers for management decisions...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Precision technologies; Poisson; Negative binomial count data method; GPS; Education; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105464

BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS AND THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper examines the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite rapid adoption of GMOs by a few exporters, many importers have developed relatively restrictive procedures for pre-market approval of GMOs, and are introducing mandatory labeling. While exporters have yet to seek a ruling from the WTO on these regulations, a trade dispute over GMOs is likely to occur before too long. Exporting countries will likely argue that importing countries' regulations are too restrictive, given existing scientific knowledge of the safety of current GM crops, and that labeling of GM foods is unnecessary due to the fact that they are typically similar to their conventional counterparts. In response,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Regulation; Trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14594

Lessons from the Canadian Cattle Industry for Developing the National Animal Identification System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   Ryan G.L.; Pendell,   Dustin L.; Smith,   Gary C.
The primary focus of animal identification programs, which are rapidly developing throughout the world, is to effectively respond to animal health emergencies that have the potential to cause devastating consequences to animal and public health. Additional benefits of an animal identification program include maintaining or expanding international trade, increased consumer confidence, and improved supply chain management. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a series of recommendations for the U.S. to consider as it continues to develop the National Animal Identification System. The secondary objective is to explain how some progressive operations, spanning all sectors of the live cattle and beef industry supply chain complex in Canada, have...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Animal Identification; Canadian Cattle Identification Agency; National Animal Identification System; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53748

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY- THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Troil,   Helena.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33474

STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schweikhardt,   David B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15205

Empowerment of farmer organizations: case study of Farmer Managed Irrigated Agriculture Project, Sindh.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murray-Rust,   Hammond; Memon,   Yameen; Talpur,   Mustafa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmer managed irrigation systems; Farmers' associations; Irrigation programs; Case studies; Irrigation management; Water management; Irrigated farming; Farmer participation; Legal aspects; Institution building; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92779

Institutional Innovations Towards Gender Equity in Agrobiodiversity Management: Collective Action in Kerala, South India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmanabhan,   Martina Aruna.
The maintenance of crop diversity on farmers’ fields in hot spots of plant genetic diversity is considered a ”global life insurance policy“ in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD 2001:1). This paper provides evidence of the importance of the contribution of poor women farmers to the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture. As a consequence, its equitable recognition and economic reward is a key issue in the sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. The present investigation into the institutions governing PGR, with special emphasis on gender equity and collective action, focuses on the identification of innovative institutions with special focus on women’s interests. The paper considers empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Agrobiodiversity management; Collective action; India; Institutional change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50068

Noncooperative Game Theory: A Review with Potential Applications to Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.
This paper is a survey on noncooperative game theory relevant to agricultural markets.  It is divided into two parts.  Part I discussed types of noncooperative games and reviews important developments in noncooperative game theory solution concepts, including Nash equilibrium, subgame perfect equilibrium, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium.  Strengths and weaknesses of game theory as a modelling tool are also assessed.  Part II illustrates applications of the theory to agricultural markets.  Game theory is relevant when markets are imperfectly competitive, and this paper argues that this condition is commonly met in agriculture.  Specific topics of application include principal-agent models, vertical control, auctions, and bargaining.   A shortened version...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25183

COALITIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTIPLE-STAKEHOLDER ACTION: A CASE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alsop,   Ruth.
Decentralization implies an increase in the number of stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of interventions. This paper draws upon the experience of a multi-stakeholder program in India which has sought to increase the contribution of rainfed agriculture to rural household’s economic portfolios. The strategy has been one of enhancing government research and extension service provision through collaboration and coalition building between NGOs and government line departments. Evidence from the last four years demonstrates that coalitions are appropriate vehicles for managing interaction among multiple and diverse organizations. However, as fluid entities without permanent governance systems, coalitions require formalized support mechanisms...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16106

Agricultural Technology Choices for Poor Farmers in  Less-Favored Areas of South and East Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.
During the past several decades dramatic improvement has occurred in agricultural productivity and livelihoods in South and East Asia, stimulated by the Green Revolution and supported by several other factors. Nevertheless, hundreds of millions of rural people in less-favored environments of this region still live in poverty and received limited benefit from the Green Revolution. To address these problems, alternative technological approaches to the conventional Green Revolution technologies are being advocated to address the problems of poor farmers in less-favored areas of Asia, including low external input and sustainable agricultural approaches, organic agriculture and biotechnology. This paper reviews the literature on agricultural technology options...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural technologies; Low-external input and sustainable agriculture; Organic farming; Biotechnology; Less favored areas; Rural poverty; South and East Asia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42404

Financing Smallholder Agricultural Production in Kenya: An Analysis of Effective Demand for Credit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo.
Financing smallholder farming has been one of the major concerns of Kenya’s development efforts. Many credit programs have evolved over the years but with dismal performance. In a study that sought to find the best way to fund smallholder agriculture, it became necessary to analyze and document smallholders’ effective demand for credit. Of particular interest was the comparison of the existing production plans and production plans under strictly profit maximization. Linear programming model was used to formalize observed plans and determine those under profit maximization. Both the activities and the values of outputs under different objectives were compared. Farm Investment Analysis was undertaken to determine the suitability of funding farm activities...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit; Finance; Kenya; Smallholder; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52083

Regional Biotechnology Regulations: Design Options and Implications for Good Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Linacre,   Nicholas A.
Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should allow them to use genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while also managing the food safety and environmental risks potentially associated with these technologies. Various regions of the developing world are seeking to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. However, considerable costs are associated with biotechnology regulation, and biosafety specialists are scarce. In addition, there is no consistent understanding of how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient, while also fulfilling the principles of good governance, such as transparency, voice and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional biotechnology regulation; Regulatory federalism; Transaction cost economics; West Africa; European Union; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42346

An Analysis of McLean County, Illinois Farmers' Perceptions of Genetically Modified Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chimmiri,   Nagesh; Tudor,   Kerry W.; Spaulding,   Aslihan D.
McLean County, Illinois farmers were surveyed in order to explore and analyze their perceptions of genetically modified crops and their genetically modified cropping decisions. Questionnaires were mailed to 400 randomly selected farmers, and 156 were returned. The 134 respondents who reported that they planned to plant crops in 2003 were asked to provide information about gender, age, education, and number of tillable acres farmed. Respondents were also asked if they had previously planted genetically modified crops and if they planned to plant either genetically modified corn or genetically modified soybeans in 2003. Finally, respondents were presented with 40 statements that pertained to biotechnology and genetically modified crops, and they were asked...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified; Corn; Soybeans; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19204

ECONOMICS OF PATENTING A RESEARCH TOOL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Wright,   Brian D.
When a new technology consists of sequences of innovations that culminate in a final consumer product, the balance between successive innovators is one of the main concerns in the design of the patent system. While intertemporal aspects of incentive are critical in this environment of sequential innovations, time plays a minor role in existing literature on dynamic models. By focusing on the incentives of follow-on innovators who commercialize an initial invention, this study examines the dynamic implications of the patent instrument (e.g., patent life) via a positive analysis. It shows that a long patent life may encourage innovation incentives and increase social welfare, contrary to existing arguments that argue that long patent life always discourages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Patent life; Research tool; Licensing; Rent dissipation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16095

GENETIC ENGINEERING AND TRADE: PANACEA OR DILEMMA FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nielsen,   Chantal Pohl; Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
Advocates of the use of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture contend that this new biotechnology promises increased productivity, better use of natural resources and more nutritious foods. Opponents, on the other hand, are concerned about potentially adverse implications for the environment and food safety. In response to consumer reactions against genetically modified (GM) foods in some countries - particularly in Western Europe - crop production is being segregated into GM and non-GM varieties. This paper investigates how such changes in the maize and soybean sectors may affect international trade patterns, with particular attention given to different groups of developing countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16272

A Tale of Two Businesses: Intellectual Property Rights and the Marketing of Agricultural Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldsmith,   Peter D.; Ramos,   Gabriel; Steiger,   Carlos.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93715

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE 1980S: THE IMPLIED RESEARCH PRIORITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eddleman,   Bobby R.; Purcell,   Joseph C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29397

A VIEWPOINT OF REGIONAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Alvin T.M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29861

Science in Sanitary and Phytosanitary Dispute Resolution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
The World Trade Organization Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS Agreement) relies heavily on science and expert organizations to avoid and resolve trade disputes over measures enacted under the rationale of food safety or plant and animal health protection. However, the state of science for sanitary and phytosanitary risk analysis is highly uncertain, and the SPS Agreement leaves many science policy issues unsettled. The international agencies charged under the SPS Agreement with harmonizing standards and forging international scientific consensus face a daunting and politically-charged task. Two case studies are briefly developed. In the first case, the international scientific consensus strongly supports the U.S. challenge of the European Union's...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food; Agriculture; World trade organization; Sanitary and phytosanitary risk; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10504

South African Agricultural Research and Development: A Century of Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liebenberg,   Frikkie; Pardey,   Philip G.; Kahn,   Michael.
The 20th Century saw substantive shifts in the structure of agriculture and agricultural production in South Africa.  Farm size grew, farm numbers eventually declined, and production increasingly emphasized higher-valued commodities, notably a range of horticultural crops.  The real gross value of agricultural output grew steadily (by 3.32 percent per year) from 1910-1981, but declined thereafter (by 0.21 percent per year from 1982-2008).  These long-run sectoral changes provide a context to present and assess an entirely new data series on public agricultural R&amp;D (and related regulatory and extension) spending and associated scientist trends.  South African agricultural R&amp;D has been affected by a series of major policy changes.  These are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56688

Durabilité des systèmes de production des petits ruminants: Une approche de santé  animale–marketing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lokman,   Zaibet.
L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les contraintes de commercialisation des petits ruminants sur le marché aux bestiaux.  Ces contraintes sont particulièrement prononcées chez les petits éleveurs. Notre recherche met en évidence la relation entre les caractéristiques de cette catégorie d’éleveurs et le choix du lieu de commercialisation (marché, sur la route ou à la ferme).  Ce choix est lié aussi aux coûts de transaction qui se manifestent sur le marché mais aussi à l’état de santé du cheptel.  La décision de ne pas se rendre sur le marché est supposée influencer négativement la continuité de cette activité et par conséquent la durabilité de d’élevage chez les petits éleveurs. Parmi les facteurs trouvés favoriser la chance de se rendre sur le marché...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52099

Arroz Transgénico en Uruguay: un modelo de simulación para estimar los beneficios económicos potenciales.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hareau,   Guy Gaston; Mills,   Bradford F.; Norton,   George W.
economic surplus, imperfect markets, adoption rate, GMO, monopoly power.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: En pequeños países en desarrollo como Uruguay; Los beneficios económicos potenciales que se obtendrían por la adopción de nuevas tecnologías agrícolas basadas en biotecnología están limitados por una base productiva reducida. En este trabajo se evalúa ex - ante el impacto económico de una variedad de arroz transgénico resistente a herbicidas donde el poder de mercado de la multinacional propietaria de la variedad afecta las tasas de adopción a través del margen monopólico en el precio de la semilla. Se emplean métodos de simulación estocástica para estudiar la variación de los resultados a cambios en los parámetros tecnológicos y en las tasas de adopción. La media del excedente económico de los productores es de US$1; 82 millones; Mientras que la ganancia monopólica es de US$0; 55 millones. Estos beneficios económicos relativamente escasos sugieren que; Sin estrategias de política pública que incrementen los beneficios potenciales y reduzcan los costos de investigación; Las multinacionales no invertirían recursos significativos en el desarrollo de una variedad transgénica adaptada a las condiciones locales. Las alianzas con instituciones nacionales y el acceso a mercados regionales ampliados también contribuyen a incrementar los incentivos privados en I&amp;D.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C14; E17; Q16; Q18; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121683

Research, Technology, and Farm Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Offutt,   Susan E.
Public debate about the relationships among research, technology, and farm size is often fueled by a particular hypothesis, that public sector research supports the development of scale-biased technologies that lead to fewer and larger farms. The evidence suggests that it is the private sector that dominated the development of concentrated on biological innovations, more likely to be scale neutral. Moreover, powerful, macroeconomic and social forces, not simply the availability of new technologies, have driven change in the number and size distribution of American farms. The complexity of the determinants of farm structure make it unlikely that public research can guarantee the development of technologies that, by themselves, result in the preservation of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research; Technology; Farm size; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90416

NONPARAMETRIC MEASURES OF THE IMPACTS OF PUBLIC RESEARCH EXPENDITURES ON AUSTRALIAN BROADACRE AGRICULTURE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Thomas L.; Mullen,   John D.; Hu,   Wensheng.
Nonparametric methods are used to measure the impacts of public research expenditures on Australian broadacre agriculture over the 1953-94 period. The data and methods used were unable to recover separate impacts due to extension under several alternative specifications. Preliminary results using both unrestricted and 30 year lagged specifications of the research impacts on productivity suggest that while certain aspects of the recovered multi-input/output technologies are quite robust to alternative specifications (in particular, the associated Malmquist total factor productivity indexes), other aspects are less stable (in particular, the indexes on input (and to a lesser extent, output) biased technical change).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12656

Learning-by-Doing and the Choice of Technology: The Role of Patience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Lee,   In Ho.
If agents learn-by-doing and are myopic, less advanced firms might adopt new technologies while more advanced firms stick with the old technology. This kind of overtaking can also occur if agents are forward looking and have high discount rates. However, overtaking never occurs if agents are sufficiently patient. A finite discount rate increases the set of states at which agents adopt new technologies, so more patient agents tend to upgrade their technology more frequently.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Learning-by-doing; Overtaking; Leapfrogging; Technology adoption; Economic growth; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D92; O14; O33.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25108

Contribution analysis: An approach to exploring cause and effect
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayne,   John.
Questions of cause and effect are critical to assessing the performance of programmes and projects. When it is not practical to design an experiment to assess performance, contribution analysis can provide credible assessments of cause and effect. Verifying the theory of change that the programme is based on, and paying attention to other factors that may influence the outcomes, provides reasonable evidence about the contribution being made by the programme.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Performance; Contribution analysis; Outcomes; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52525

Open access to scientific publications: ideas and problems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koltay,   Tibor.
Open access scholarly publishing did not have yet a serious impact on the slow-moving world of research. Neither could it solve the serials crisis. Nonetheless we have to see that the push of journals from paper to electronic media resulted in an infrastructure the existence of which shed light – among others - to the fact that the system of journal publishing, acceptable in the print environment, is no more sustainable. One of the most promising solutions to solve the serials crisis is open access (OA) publishing that has been initiated by researchers feeling responsibility for scholarship and which has many faces. This paper describes the main features of open access scholarly journal publishing and some of the obstacles that stand in its way.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Distribution of scientific results; Open access; OA; Scholarly publishing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47550

A TUDÁSCONTROLLING RENDSZER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Very,   Zoltan.
Az európai munkavállalók kétharmada dolgozik a szolgáltatás-szektorban, melynek legdinamikusabban növekvő harmadát a tudásalapú cégek alkotják. Az információalapú versenyben a személyes-, illetve a szervezeti-tudás módszeres és tudatos alkalmazása a siker kulcstényezője. Egyre több szellemi dolgozó kerül a szervezetekbe, kiknek a munkaköre speciális problémához, feladatkörhöz kap-csolódik. Az információ-technológia fejlődésének egyik hatásaként a szellemi dolgozók egyre hangsúlyosabb szerepkörbe kerülnek a cégeknél. Ők azok, akik adatokkal, illetve információkkal dolgoznak és teremtenek, osztanak meg tudást a szervezet számára. A tanulmány a vállalati tudásteremtő, tudásgondozó, tu-dásmegosztó folyamat irányításának egy módját mutatja be. Mintát ad a...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tudás alapú vállalatok; Információs technológia fejlődése; Tudásteremtő működés - knowledge based enterprises; Development of information technology; Knowledge based operation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54316

From “May Contain” to “Does Contain”:  The price and trade effects of strict information requirements for GM maize under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Leroy,   Laetitia.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International Trade; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q17; Q18; F18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61533

Gobernabilidad de los Sistemas de Innovación en Bolivia: Lecciones para las Políticas de Innovación Agrícola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Alexaki,   Anastasia; Baptista,   René.
Los enfoques tradicionales sobre diseño de políticas de innovación y su gobernabilidad se enfocan a menudo de manera exclusiva en la provisión central de servicios, regulaciones, medidas fiscales y subsidios. Este informe, sin embargo, considera que la gobernabilidad y el diseño de políticas sobre sistemas de innovación también guardan relación con las estructuras y procedimientos que los tomadores de decisiones establecen para brindar incentivos a los agentes innovadores y para mejorar la interacción y colaboración entre ellos, permitiendo de esta forma la innovación. Se entiende por innovación cualquier cosa nueva que los productores aplican en los procesos productivos y sociales en que participan. Con base en los conceptos de “institucionalismo centrado...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sistema de innovación agrícola; Redes de innovación; Gobernabilidad; Política de innovación; Bolivia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42364

The Economic Returns to U.S. Public Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Andersen,   Matthew A.; James,   Jennifer S.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/11.  Former Title:  Revisiting the Returns to U.S. Public Agricultural Research: New Measures, Models, Results, and Interpretation
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial technology spillovers; Knowledge stocks; R&amp;D lags; Public agricultural R&amp;D; U.S. states; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95522

A GENERALIZED STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE PROGRAM FOR THE IBM PC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goh,   Siew; Shih,   Chao-Chyuan; Cochran,   Mark J.; Raskin,   Rob.
A microcomputer program to perform Generalized Stochastic Dominance (GSD), Quasi-Second Degree Dominance (SSD), and Quasi-First Degree Stochastic Dominance (FSD) is described. The program is designed to run on IBM-compatible personal computers with a Hercules or CGA graphics adapter. It is menu-driven and has options for GSD, quasi-FSD, quasi-SSD, graphics, and calculations of premiums associated with use of dominant distributions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30109

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRODUCING BIOTECH TRAITS IN A MARKET WITH SEGMENTS AND SEGREGATION COSTS: THE CASE OF ROUNDUP READY® WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Roundup Ready® Wheat (RRW) was one of the first genetically modified (GM) traits for the wheat sector and was under review by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada when Monsanto withdrew it from further consideration.  There are a multitude of issues associated with the ex ante evaluation of this decision.  These include market acceptance and segregation, as well as the varying sources of cost savings and productivity gains.  In this article, we develop a spatial partial equilibrium model of the higher-protein hard wheat market and assess the changes in the distribution of welfare associated with release and adoption of RRW.   It incorporates segments for GM aversion in each market and segregation costs for each segment.  Major conclusions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Welfare analysis; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23554

Innovation and Enterprise in Wheat Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parish,   Ross M.
This article is concerned with certain aspects of the entrepreneurial behaviour of wheat farmers - in particular, with their adoption of new techniques and means of production. The study is based on data secured in the course of a field investigation carried out late in 1953, in which forty-eight wheat farmers, residing in a particular locality in northern New South Wales, were interviewed.  The primary aim of the investigation was not to estimate the extent to which particular technological innovations are being adopted throughout the wheat belt, or in any particular part of it. Its aim was, rather, to gain some idea of the factors which influence farmers in either adopting or not adopting a particular innovation, or innovations in general. In other...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1954
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8840

INTERNATIONAL R&amp;D SPILLOVERS AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE  AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. A PANEL COINTEGRATION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gutierrez,   Michele Mario; Gutierrez,   Luciano.
This paper analyses, within the new growth theory framework and using panel cointegration techniques, the effect of agricultural international technological spillovers on total factor productivity growth for a sample of 47 countries during the period 1970-1992. The analysis shows that total factor productivity is influenced by domestic as well as foreign public R&amp;D spending in agricultural sector and geographical factors matters. Countries located in temperate zones benefit more than countries located in tropical zones from technological spillovers. Finally, the analysis shows that the rate of return to agricultural R&amp;D spending is higher in tropical countries and this could justify new support and an even greater investment of funds for...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25884

Legal regulation of information and communications technologies as specific forms of production factor for capital in food industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salkova,   Daniela; Hes,   Ales.
Information and communication technologies are one of factors that markedly influence agricultural primary production and food industry as well as all other branches of the national economy. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse an effect of Community legal regulations for electronic transactions on resource utility.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Legal regulations; ICT; Food industry; Production resources; Capital; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96853

Technical and Institutional Change in Agricultural Development: Two Lectures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8425

A PROSPECTUS FOR RESEARCH ON THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Purcell,   Joseph C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29942

MAURITIUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beintema,   Nienke M.; Ramkissoon,   Jairaj; Icochea,   Olympia.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in agricultural research in Mauritius since the early 1990s using new survey data collected under the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR 2002).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16200

Research and Publishing: Relevance and Irreverence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.
The value, relevance, and efficacy of conducting and publishing research has been widely debated throughout the agricultural economics profession. On the one hand, some argue that the research process creates little value and directly competes with teaching/outreach output. On the other hand, others argue that research provides answers to important questions, improves human capital, and complements teaching/outreach activities. I argue that the research and publishing process develops human capital, improves the quality of teaching/outreach, reduces bias, generates new ideas, improves societal welfare, creates innovation, and is essential for public policy debate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Publishing; Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8634

ECONOMICS OF TECHNICAL CHANGE IN WHEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB (INDIA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sidhu,   Surjit S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13290

The Role of Agribusiness Firms in Agricultural Research: The Case of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Huijie; Fan,   Shenggen; Qian,   Keming.
Despite the efforts of various economists and agricultural scientists in calling for more investments, funding for agricultural R&amp;D has been stagnated for the last two decades in China.  This will pose a great challenge for the China's agricultural sector.  Productivity has leveled off, and farmers' income has been flat.  As a result, poverty reduction in recent years has also not shown any significant progress.   On the other hand, agribusiness firms have emerged rapidly since the rural reforms initiated in 1978. Emerging of these firms has fundamentally changed the landscape of Chinese agricultural production. In 2003, they account for a significant share in agricultural GDP (7%), and agricultural employment. More importantly, it is their role in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19415

Deep development of rural tourism under integrated agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yuan,   Li.
This paper introduces the disadvantages and developmental approaches of rural tourism in China on the basis of apprehending the connotation of integrated agriculture. Then, it analyzes the current situation of new agricultural tourism park in Chengdu City of Sichuan Province. Research result shows that the implementation of integrated agriculture will promote the scientific and efficient development of rural tourism, which has a positive effect on the reconstruction of agricultural economy after disaster in Sichuan Province.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Integrated agriculture; Rural tourism of China; Deep development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53510

SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liebenberg,   Frikkie; Beintema,   Nienke M.; Kirsten,   Johann F.
This country brief reviews the major investment and institutional trends in South African agricultural research since the early 1970s, including a new set of survey data for the 1990s collected through the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative (IFPRI–ISNAR 2001–02).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16187

Private Sector Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer in LDCS: Report on Phase II
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7525

The Use of Weather Data and Evapotranspiration Requirements to Estimate the Marginal Value Product of Irrigation and the Profit Maximizing Irrigation Level for Corn in the Texas Panhandle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colette,   W. Arden; Almas,   Lal K.; Robinson,   Clay.
The declining availability of irrigation water from the Ogallala aquifer combined with increasing energy costs make irrigation strategies much more critical. Maximizing yield reduces profit by between $22 and $158 per acre depending on the combination of corn and natural gas prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Corn; Irrigation efficiency; Water response function; Evapotranspiration; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6757

Measurement on Monetary Value of  Forestry Multifunction - A Case of Danzhai County, Guizhou Province, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Guoyong.
Forestry functions of Danzhai County are introduced from the aspects of physical production value, social service value and ecological service value. Quantitative research on monetary value of the functions is conducted by using the Replacement Cost Method (RCM), Classification Valuation Method (CVM) and Travel Cost Method (TCM). Result shows that the value of forestry production is 19712.6 thousand yuan, the value of flood control and water conservation is 111000 thousand yuan, which is 5.63 times of forestry production value. Besides, the value of soil conservation and yield increase is 160101.5 thousand yuan, which is 8.12 times of the value of forestry production; the value of carbon fixation and oxygen release and air purification is 11 26624.1...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Forestry multifunction; Monetary value; Evaluation; China; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56374

DEMAND FOR BEEF FROM CATTLE ADMINISTERED GROWTH HORMONES OR FED GENETICALLY MODIFIED CORN: A COMPARISON OF CONSUMERS IN FRANCE, GERMANY, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lusk,   Jayson L.; Roosen,   Jutta; Fox,   John A.
This study compares consumer valuations of beef steaks from cattle produced without growth hormones or genetically modified corn in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.  In general, European consumers place a higher value on beef from cattle that have not been administered growth hormones and/or fed genetically modified corn than United States consumers.  There is a larger divergence between the two cultures with regard to the issue of biotechnology and genetic engineering than with the issue of growth hormones.  Results suggest that liberalizing trade policy for hormone-treated beef may be welfare reducing for the European Union.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20684

EFFECTS OF FIRM-SPECIFIC FACTORS ON R&amp;D EXPENDITURES OF AGRIBUSINESS COMPANIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roucan-Kane,   Maud; Ubilava,   David; Xu,   Pei.
The objective of this paper is to determine how the firm's infrastructure, the financial characteristics of a company (net income, sales), and the organizational structure (number of acquisitions, age of establishment of the firm) affect R&amp;D investments in the agricultural sector. We use data for companies under the SIC codes for agricultural chemicals, and crop planning and protection. The results based on analysis of 69 observations of 12 firms revealed that firm's financial and organizational infrastructure does affect its R&amp;D expenditures. Older and larger firms tend to spend more on R&amp;D. During the last 17 years the R&amp;D expenditures with respect to the sales of the company have been reduced. Finally, contrary to the expectations,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Agriculture; Chemicals; Crop planning; Crop protection; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A10; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7332

Research interventions to strengthen irrigators' associations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lauraya,   Fay M.; Sala,   Antonio Lea R.; Wijayaratna,   C.M.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Water distribution; Financing; Data collection; Operations; Maintenance; Performance indexes; Privatization; Farmer-agency interactions; Institution building; Farmers associations; Training; Participatory management; Leadership; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113616

INTEGRATION OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Fred C.
Market structure has implication for research policies.  The public sector reduced its support for technological change for poultry relative to beef and pork after poultry became integrated.  However, market integration causes private sector research to be below the optimal level from society's perspective.  In order to get the appropriate response from the private sector, the public sector should not reduce its support for technological change after market integration.  Instead, the public sector should increase its support for research such as basic science that complements private sector research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31473

Synergistic Green and White Revolution: Evidence from Kenya and Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jia,   Xiangping.
Rising agricultural productivity in developing countries is crucial to ease the tension of increased population and haunting concern on food security. Nevertheless the soaring price of fertilizer and sluggish dissemination of improved seed varieties prohibit the poor to tap benefits from increased productivity. In the presence of the pressing button on food security, subsidizing fertilizer and seeds is recently voiced heavily. This study reveals that the adoption of improved maize variety in Kenya leads to higher yield than that in Uganda. By introducing livestock programs, the agricultural productivity in Kenya is sustained with a synergy between the “Green Revolution” and “White Revolution”. To tap agricultural potentials in Africa, subsidizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Green revolution; Livestock; Fertilizer; Food security; Propensity score matching; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q18; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51367

DESIGN OF THE REGIONS’ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patsuk, Olga.
At present Russian economy is undergoing the same trends of the modern economic development, which take place in developed countries. These processes comprise globalization, advanced development of the service industries, post-industrial society formation, intellectual component expansion in the results of any industry, informatization of the society, running out of traditional sources of social and economic growth.  In such conditions search for new ways and factors of the regional self-development is critical.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Social and economic development of the territories; Regional economy.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R58; UDC: 332.1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92387

Az első magyar agrárkereskedelmi elektronikus piactér tapasztalatai
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badinszky,   Peter; Varga,   Peter.
Az agrárvállalkozások földrajzilag szétszórt elhelyezkedése, nagy távolságok, lassú és magas költséggel működő informatikai lehetőségek, valamint a gyorsan változó gazdasági, szabályozási és politikai környezet következtében folyamatosan növekszik az információigény. Az informatikai fejlesztések célja a mezőgazdasági termelés versenyképességének támogatása a lokális, regionális és globális piacokon. Az egyik ilyen versenyképességi tényező az elektronikus kereskedelem kínálta lehetőségek megragadása és a technológia kínálta szolgáltatások kiaknázása. Jelen publikáció arról szeretne képet adni, hogyan is jött létre a magyar mezőgazdasági termékek és szolgáltatások elektronikus kereskedelmének első piactere és portálja. A piactér működése révén az...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agrárgazdaság; E-business; Piactér; Portál; E-commerce; Agricultural economy; E-business; Marketplace; Portal; E-commerce; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57725

South Pacific Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities for ACIAR and its Research Partners
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113916

REBUILDING AFRICA'S SCIENTIFIC CAPACITY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11543

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PRODUCTION EFFECTS OF ADOPTING GM SEED TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF FARMERS IN ARGENTINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kesan,   Jay P.; Gallo,   Andres A.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9988

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS COMPETITION AND THE PRICING OF INNOVATIONS: AN APPLICATION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND SEED CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexander,   Corinne E.; Goodhue,   Rachael E.
Farmers now choose production systems rather than individual inputs.  This change may limit biotechnology innovation rents.  We model a corn farmer's production choice among four systems: traditional, herbicide-resistant, insect resistant, and high-oil.  We compare actual seed and chemical prices to the maximum rent the biotechnology firm can obtain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Corn; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21646

Perception paysanne et adoption des biopesticides et/ou extraits botaniques en production maraîchère au Bénin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adekambi,   Souleimane Adeyemi; Adegbola,   Patrice Ygue; Arouna,   Aminou.
The importance of farmers’ perceptions of characteristics on agricultural innovation adoption has increased these two decades. Empirical studies revealed that in addition to farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics and institutional factors, farmers’ perceptions of the innovation-specific characteristics are particularly important in determining whether or not to adopt them. This study assessed vegetables farmers’ perceptions of botanical extracts and biopesticides compared with current chemical pesticides. It also examined the relationship between farmers’ perceptions and the adoption of botanical extracts and biopesticides. Data were collected from a stratified randomly sample of 198 vegetables farmers selected in vegetable producing zones in Benin and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Perception; Adoption; Biopesticides; Botanical extracts; Vegetables; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95917

Innovación en el cultivo de quinua en Bolivia: efectos de la interacción social y de las capacidades de absorción de los pequeños productores
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soto,   Jose Luis; Hartwich,   Frank; Monge,   Mario; Ampuero,   Luis.
This report analyzes the relationship between the adoption of innovation packages in quinoa cultivation and absorptive capabilities in resource poor farming communities in four micro-regions of the Bolivian Altiplano. The innovation packages studied consist of: the use of special seeders (SATIRI), seeding of improved varieties, application of special pest and disease control measures, application of animal manure, introducing “singing” tapes against birds, use of special baskets for seeding, special harvesting techniques (sickle cut), an application new threshing technology. These components of innovation packages have been used to varying degrees with different channels of information exchange and training methods, resulting in various levels of benefit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56121

PERFECTION OF CURRENCY RESERVE POLICY TO INCREASE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF KAZAKHSTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Begentaev,   Meiram.
Kazakhstan has accumulated essential foreign currency stocks from resource-based export earnings since gaining independency. These reserves can serve as base for creation of competitive industries. To realize the task the paper recommends policies of rational use of these funds to finance innovative investment projects in priority industries. The paper argues that rational channeling of foreign currency reserves in Kazakhstan can contribute to increase of innovative activity in industrial sector of economy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: State regulation; Foreign currency reserves; Currency rationing; Industrial sector; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O24; O25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94538

Tribes, State, and Technology Adoption in Arid Land Management, Syria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rae,   Jonathan; Arab,   Georges; Nordblom,   Thomas L.; Jani,   K.; Gintzburger,   Gustave.
Arid shrub-lands in Syria and elsewhere in West Asia and North Africa are widely thought degraded. Characteristic of these areas is a preponderance of unpalatable shrubs or a lack of overall ground cover with a rise in the associated risks of soil erosion. Migrating pastoralists have been the scapegoats for this condition of the range. State steppe interventions of the last forty years have reflected this with programs to supplant customary systems with structures and institutions promoting western grazing systems and technologies. Principal amongst the latter has been shrub technology, particularly Atriplex species, for use in land rehabilitation and as a fodder reserve. This paper deconstructs state steppe policy in Syria by examining the overlap and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50049

Can Education Be a Barrier to Technology Adoption?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uematsu,   Hiroki; Mishra,   Ashok K.
The objective of this study is to test the widely‐held belief that the effect of education has a positive impact on technology adoption. Using 2006 Agricultural Resource Management Survey "ARMS" data, we estimate a simultaneous equations model to integrate farmers’ labor allocation decision with adoption of GM crops and precision farming. We confirm that the marginal effect of education on technology adoption is significantly larger for large farms for both GM crops and precision farming and it is unexpectedly negative for GM crops at all levels of farm size. These results suggest that formal education can be a barrier to technology adoption, especially for small scale farmers who have higher tendency to work off‐farm.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Education; Technology Adoption; Off‐farm Labor Supply; Precision Farming; Genetically Modified Crops; Simultaneous Equations Model; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61630

Outcome Mapping: A method for tracking behavioural changes in development programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smutylo,   Terry.
Outcome mapping is a methodology for planning, monitoring and evaluating development initiatives that aim to bring about social change. The process of outcome mapping helps a project team or program to be specific about the actors it targets, the changes it expects to see and the strategies it employs. Results are measured in terms of the changes in behaviour, actions or relationships that can be influenced by the team or program. The methodology is comprised of several tools, which can be adapted to different contexts. It enhances team and program understanding of change processes, improves the efficiency of achieving results and promotes realistic and accountable reporting.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Outcome; PME; Planning; Monitoring; Evaluation; Methodology; Social change; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52517

ESTIMATES OF POTENTIAL RETURNS FROM ADDED RESEARCH BUDGET FOR THE LAND GRANT UNIVERSITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William; Norton,   George W.
This paper briefly reviews approaches that have been used to assess returns to U.S. agricultural research and explains the usefulness of benefit cost analysis in such evaluations. Benefit-cost analysis is applied to the Land Grant Universities federal budget requests for additional funds for corn and soybean research in the North Central region. Finally, the problems involved in applying a similar analysis to livestock and rural development research are discussed
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13464

Implementation of a Traceability System From Constraints to Opportunities for the Industry: A Case Study of Quebec, Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lavoie,   Gilbert; Forest,   Jean-Francois.
Increasing frequency of epidemiological crisis and their disastrous consequences are motivating nations, around the world, to introduce traceability systems. Traceability systems enable identification, prevention of propagation, and control of diseases and health problems in the shortest possible delay. However, while this effort is praise worthy and indeed necessary, the implementation of a traceability system is complicated primarily because it involves additional constraints and costs to the industry. This article describes the introduction and success of a compulsory traceability system in the Quebec province of Canada by presenting the approach and the strategies that were adopted to minimize constraints and generate opportunities for the industry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Strategy; Strategic alliance between industry and government; Epidemiological crisis; Information technology; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53753

The main bottlenecks of the rural technology transfer in Romania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vincze,   Maria-Magdolna; Kolcsey,   Andrea.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7811

Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanwar,   Sunil; Evenson,   Robert E.
Of the diverse factors motivating technological change, one factor that has received increasing attention in the recent past has been the protection of intellectual property rights. Given fairly recent changes in the international policy ethos where a regime of stronger intellectual property protection has become a fait accompli for most developing countries, it is of some significance to ask whether more stringent protection of intellectual property does indeed encourage innovation. And this is the question which this paper examines, utilising cross-country panel data on R&amp;D investment, patent protection and other country-specific characteristics spanning the period 1981-1990. The evidence unambiguously indicates the significance of intellectual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Technological change; Economic growth; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O34; O31.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28432

The Effect of Green Payments on the Diffusion of Conservation Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hendricks,   Nathan P.
The benefits from green payments for the adoption of a conservation technology or practice are reduced if the technology would have eventually been adopted regardless of the green payment. This source of additionality is likely a significant concern for some technologies subsidized by EQIP.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61780

EVALUATION OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stoneham,   Gary; Strappazzon,   Loris; Soligo,   James; Fisher,   Bill; Eigenraam,   Mark; Wimalasuriya,   Rukman.
In this paper we explain the economic evaluation system developed by economists―in conjunction with senior managers―for the Department of Natural Resources and Environment’s Agriculture Division. This evaluation system has two components: qualitative and quantitative. The former focuses Departmental activity on areas where there is market failure. The latter measures the gross benefits from Departmental activity by using linear programming models. We also document the implementation of the system to a recent Victorian Government intiative―Growing Horizons. We explain the process, impact to date, and lessons learned by undertaking this exercise.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123645

Patterns of restructuring food markets in South Africa: The case of fresh produce supply chains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chikazunga,   Davison; Joordan,   D.; Bienabe,   Estelle; Louw,   Andre.
The restructuring process of the food markets in South Africa is at an advanced stages of consolidation and the emergence dominance of few supermarket chains expanding into non-traditional areas, through franchise format stores and forecourt stores overtaking informal wet markets and green grocers. The growth has been followed by consolidation of the procurement system from a decentralised to a centralised procurement and distribution mechanism replacing the wholesaling function of the National Fresh Produce Markets.  The growth in disposable income, , population growth and urbanization have fuelled the demand food outlets like supermarkets which in turn fuels innovations and dynamic changes surrounding supermarkets Keywords: Fresh produce, Procurement,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51995

The Role of Trust in Emerging Food Supply Network Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritz,   Melanie.
The food sector is the largest economic sector in the European Union (CIAA, 2005). It consists of a complex, global and dynamically changing network of trade streams, food supply network relations and related product flows (Fritz, Schiefer, 2008a). Food supply networks are subject to dynamically changing circumstances, which include fluctuations at primary production due to changes in weather or climate, impacting supply and demand and prices, and also impacting the quality of raw material, variations in food consumption due to seasonality or the westernization of diets in Asia (see e.g. OECD-FAO, 2006, Pingali, 2006), the development of alternative uses of raw material such as bio-fuel, and, not the least, from changing attitudes of society towards the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59178

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Hu,   Ruifa; van Meijl,   Hans; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
China has made a major investment in biotechnology research.  Genetically modified (GM) cotton is widely adopted and the list of GM technologies in trials is impressive.  At the same time there is an active debate on when China should commercialize its GM food crops.  The overall goal of this paper is to provide an economy-wide assessment of these issues under various scenarios.  Based on a unique data from empirical micro-level study and field trial in China and a modified GTAP model, our results indicate that the development of biotechnology has an important impact on China's production, trade and welfare.  Welfare gains far outweigh the public biotechnology research expenditures.  Most gains occur inside China.  Policy makers should put less weight on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops; China; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C68; D58; F13; O33; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25883

ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND NEW DEMANDS FOR RETAIL FOOD STORES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27432

Review of ACIAR's Research on Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pearce,   David.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113220

Land Dispute Resolution in Mozambique: institutions and evidence of agroforestry technology adoption
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unruh,   Jon D.
Successful adoption of natural resource management technologies requires that important fundamentals of property rights be established. Because disputes over property rights occur universally, the ability to successfully defend one’s rights to property exercises a central influence on the tenure security necessary for technology adoption. However, defending rights to property rests upon the possession of evidence that is readily available and widely regarded as legitimate. This paper presents work carried out in postwar Mozambique on the availability and legitimacy of evidence pertaining to land tenure dispute resolution. What is unusual about the Mozambique case is that the physical presence of a natural resource management technology—agroforestry trees...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50052

OUR EXPERIENCE WITH COMPUTERIZED FOOD SHOPPING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goff,   Stephen C.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27350

Vegetable Production and Pesticide Use in Ghana: Would GM Varieties Have an Impact at the Farm Level?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horna,   J. Daniela; Timpo,   Samuel E.; Al-Hassan,   Ramatu M.; Smale,   Melinda; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin.
The objective of this study is to evaluate pesticide use as an important factor affecting potential adoption and farm level impact of genetically modified (GM) vegetable varieties in Ghana. Tomato is the most consumed vegetable and a food security crop. Cabbage is a vegetable of growing importance but limited cultivation and is produced in urban areas. Garden egg is a native African crop of wide consumption and importance for rural economies. Farm level information was collected in randomly selected sites in southern and central regions of Ghana. Partial budget analysis shows that investments in pesticides are rather low, especially for tomato and garden egg. Analysis of production using an abatement framework shows that insecticide amounts are significant...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm; Genetically Modified; Ghana; Tomato; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52182

Governing the Co-existence of GM Crops: Ex-Ante Regulation and Ex-Post Liability under Uncertainty and Irreversibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beckmann,   Volker; Soregaroli,   Claudio; Wesseler,   Justus.
The future institutional environment for the co-existence of genetically modified (GM) crops, conventional crops and organic crops in Europe combines measures of ex-ante regulation and ex-post liability rules. Against this background we ask the following two questions: How does ex-ante regulation and ex-post liability under irreversibility and uncertainty affect the adoption of GM crops? What are the implications for regional agglomeration of GM and non-GM crops? Ex-ante regulations and ex-post liabilities for using GM crops will induce additional costs. These costs are modelled in a classical way. The model is advanced by including irreversibility and uncertainty and taking into account transaction costs of negotiating possible solutions with neighbouring...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Co-existence; GM crops; Liability law; Public regulation; Technology adoption; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; K13; O33; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18845

Does Internet Banking Affect the Performance of Community Banks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kagan,   Albert; Acharya,   Ram N.; Lingam,   Rao S.; Kodepaka,   Vinod.
This study examines the impact of online banking on bank performance. Results show that online banking improves bank earnings as well as helps in improving asset quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19246

TRENDS IN CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND AWARENESS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoban,   Thomas J.
The promise of agricultural biotechnology has become reality. Foods produced through biotechnology will become increasingly common in the food production and distribution system. Consumer reaction to these foods will be an important factor in determining the ultimate success of the biotechnology enterprise. This paper reviews trends in U.S. consumers' awareness and acceptance of biotechnology.  Results of several national surveys show that biotechnology has not been an issue for the vast majority of consumers. Most have a positive attitude about biotechnology. This paper also presents some implications for future research and educational programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27786

BOOK REVIEW: Steven H. Strauss and H. David Bradshaw, editors. The Bioengineered Forest: Challenges for Science and Society.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siry,   Jacek P.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59686

Changes in the need for research and extension evaluation information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishel,   Walter L.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48983

Economic and livelihood impacts of maize research in hill regions in Mexico and Nepal: Including a method for collecting and analyzing spatial data using Google Earth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: La Rovere,   Roberto; Mathema,   Sudarshan; Dixon,   John; Aquino-Mercado,   Pedro; Gurung,   Kamala; Hodson,   Dave P.; Flores Velasquez,   Dagoberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; Livelihood Impacts; Maize; Hill Regions; Mexico; Nepal; Spatial Analysis; Google EarthTM; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56090

INNOVATION CO-OPERATION MODES IN HUNGARIAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanyi,   Beatrix.
Innovation is becoming a fundamental tool of competitiveness of firms and economies. It is especially relevant in research intensive branches. Chemical industry belongs to one of the most innovative branches in Hungary. As innovation requires significant financial and knowledge resources company co-operations are crucial in carrying out a successful innovation by minimizing the costs and risks in the process. With the increasing number of collaborations the types and modes of co-operations are proliferating as well.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Co-operation; Chemical industry; Innovation networks; Hungary.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L65; O31.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94563

Potential Impacts of Iron Biofortification in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stein,   Alexander J.; Qaim,   Matin; Meenakshi,   J.V.; Nestel,   Penelope; Sachdev,   H.P.S.; Bhutta,   Zulfiqar A.
Iron deficiency is a widespread nutritional problem in developing countries, causing impaired physical activity and cognitive development, as well as maternal mortality. Although food fortification and supplementation programmes have been effective in some countries, their overall success remains limited. Biofortification, that is, breeding crops for higher micronutrient content, is a relatively new approach. We propose a methodology for ex-ante impact assessment of iron biofortification, which builds on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a large household data set. Our analysis of iron-rich rice and wheat in India indicates sizeable potential health benefits. The cost-effectiveness of iron biofortification compares favourably with other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofortification; Plant breeding; Iron deficiency anaemia; Health benefits; DALYs; Cost-effectiveness; Cost-benefit analysis; India; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I120; I180; I310; O150; O220; O330; Q180.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8536

Biotecnologia: Perfil dos Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendonca,   Marco Aurelio Alves de; Freitas,   Rogerio Edivaldo.
O artigo objetiva mapear o perfil do capital humano envolvido com a biotecnologia no Brasil. Empregou-se análise estatística descritiva. A base de dados foi exclusivamente montada para esta pesquisa a partir de informações do Portal de Inovação, do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. A investigação constatou a existência de importante incremento dos grupos de pesquisa relacionados ao tema, nos últimos anos. Tal fato resulta dos esforços empreendidos por uma série de agentes, sendo o governo federal o principal. Ademais, os dados indicam que os pesquisadores concentram-se especialmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, com significativa participação das ciências Agrárias, Biológicas e da Saúde.--------------------The article aims to map the human capital profile...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotecnologia; Capital Humano; Análise Descritiva; Biotechnology; Human Capital; Descriptive Analysis; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108141

INFLUENCE OF BRAND NAME AND TYPE OF MODIFICATION ON CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CORN CHIPS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lusk,   Jayson L.; Moore,   Melissa; House,   Lisa; Morrow,   Bert.
In an effort to counteract adverse consumer reaction to genetically engineered foods, the biotechnology industry has shifted attention to deriving and promoting foods that have been genetically modified to have benefits for the consumer.  However, is it uncertain whether this strategic shift will be successful at changing consumer perception of biotechnology.  To provide an initial investigation into the issue, we surveyed 270 Mississippi State students.  Results suggest that these consumers were more accepting of corn chips that had been modified to increase shelf life as opposed to increasing farmer yields; however, willingness-to-pay premiums for these value-added corn chips were extremely small relative to corn ships that contained no genetically...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34449

Technology Adaptation and Adoption: The Experience of Seed-Fertiliser Technology and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Byerlee,   Derek R.
Technical change in agriculture is examined for two contrasting situations in the developing world: the largely irrigated wheat-based systems of South Asia, where improved seed-fertiliser technology has been widely used for more than two decades, and rainfed maize-based systems of sub-Saharan Africa, where adoption of this technology remains incomplete. Zones of medium to high production potential and relative land scarcity are the primary focus of the analysis. Experience with the adoption of seed-fertiliser technology in these areas helps to identify the key changes in institutions and policies needed to foster continuing growth in food grain production by small-scale farmers, especially changes in research and extension strategies and in input supply...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9585

THEORETICAL STUDY OF RAW COTTON TRANSPORTATION PROCESS ON THE SUBMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DEVICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rakhmonov,   Xayridin; Safarov,   Adyl.
The transportation of raw cotton in many respects is carried out through rotating screws or moving tapes. The study considers influence of raw cotton humidity on increase of friction factor during transportation process using submission and distribution device. It is shown that increase of humidity of raw cotton within the limits of 11 up to 38% is accompanied by surge of static and kinetic frictions. The research is executed by experimental methods on the special stand with use of strain measurement.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cotton transportation; Friction in rest; Kinetic friction; Pressure; Resistance.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 631.374.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92394

Impact assessment of agricultural research in West Africa: an application of the propensity score matching methodology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liebenehm,   Sabine; Affognon,   Hippolyte; Waibel,   Hermann.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/29/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: African animal trypanosomosis (AAT); Knowledge; Attitude and practice (KAP); Propensity score matching (PSM); Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50829

PUBLIC OPINION OF AGBIOTECH IN THE US AND UK: A CONTENT ANALYSIS APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.; Marks,   Leonie A.
In this paper we use content analysis to show trend in public opinion of agrobiotechnology in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US).  We test for the degree of positive and negative content in mass media reporting over the period 1995-1998.  Specifically, we test whether there are qualitative and quantitative differences between three national daily newspapers - the Daily Telegraph (UK), USA Today (US), and the Washington Post (US) - based on reporting of agrobiotechnology.  Results indicate that content has become more negative in the UK over the time period while reporting the US has not significantly changed.  Results indicate that both the BSE and Pusztai crises had an impact on the proportion of negative reporting in the Daily Telegraph.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Content analysis; Mass media reporting; Agricultural biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21678

RESEARCH REPORTS AND TIMELY DEVELOPMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
COMPUTER USE AND MARKETING CONCEPTS IN THE FOOD BROKER INDUSTRY, by Angelo DIANTONIO and U. Carl TOENSMEYER;  VALUE OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRESH VEGETABLES THROUGH THE POSTHARVEST SYSTEM, by Jeffrey L. JORDAN, R.L. SHEWFELT, S.E. PRUSSIA, and W.C. HURST;  HOUSEHOLD ADJUSTMENT TO CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FOOD INDUSTRY, by Glen H. MITCHELL and Phyllis A. ZALENSKI; FEASABILITY OF A REUSABLE CRATE EXCHANGE POOL IN AUSTRALIAN FRESH PRODUCE MARKETS, by Neil RICHARDSON and Joe HORSLEY
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27826

THE MINNESOTA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND EXPERIMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishel,   Walter L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13726

Induced Technical and Institutional Change Evaluation and Reassessment: Two Chapters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7479

Urban Street Food Vendors in the Food Provisioning System of Hyderabad
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wipper,   Marlis; Dittrich,   Christoph.
This preparatory case study provides an overview of the issue of the street food vending system in the South Indian emerging megacity of Hyderabad. It analyses the organisational structure and changing institutional arrangements of the urban roadside food vending system, looks at important livelihood aspects of the street vendors and examines the role street food plays in the urban food provisioning system. Primary research was carried out to collect empirical data on these issues. Embedded in a literature review, major problems and challenges of the street food vending system of Hyderabad are discussed. The findings point to the necessity for further action-research.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Urban food system; Street food vending; Hyderabad; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36909

Seeking a Common Path: Structuring Multistakeholder Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Grebmer,   Klaus; Omamo,   Steven Were.
This paper analyzes an ongoing effort by national, regional, and international partners to raise awareness, promote dialogue, and catalyze consensus-building mechanisms among stakeholder groups on the role of biotechnology in agricultural development and food security in southern Africa. Stakeholders include public bodies, the private sector, and civil society. The paper argues that while responsible adoption of agricultural biotechnology promises significant gains to the countries of southern Africa, governments must clarify its specific role, improve policies for its application, and assess the place of biotechnology in broader development strategies. The issues that surround the introduction, creation, and application of agricultural biotechnology in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Consensus-building; Conflict resolution; Africa; Food security; Genetically modified food; Biosafety; Capacity building; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58581

INSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY BETWEEN THE U.S.A. AND JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakurai,   Takeshi.
Biotechnology, especially genetic engineering, is a revolutionary tool in life-science research. When it came, people thought it would have the greatest impact both on pharmaceutical and agriculture industries, because both are directly based on knowledge of life-science. As a matter of fact, a lot of knowledge of life at molecular level has been produced using the technology and it is giving big impacts to various industries. With respect to agriculture, to accumulate knowledge on plant physiology at the molecular level is important not just for plant genetic engineering, but to develop a future agricultural system that will be sustainable, environmentally safe and/or productive enough to satisfy expanding global population.  Though the benefit is...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11013

A Proposed Expert System for the Management of Lucerne - LATIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   A.L.; Lodge,   G.M.; Waterhouse,   D.B.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12349

Approaches and frameworks for management and research in small-scale fisheries in the developing world
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andrew,   Neil; Evans,   Louisa.
Commonly adopted approaches to managing small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in developing countries do not ensure sustainability. Progress is impeded by a gap between innovative SSF research and slower-moving SSF management. The paper aims to bridge the gap by showing that the three primary bases of SSF management--ecosystem, stakeholders’ rights and resilience--are mutually consistent and complementary. It nominates the ecosystem approach as an appropriate starting point because it is established in national and international law and policy. Within this approach, the emerging resilience perspective and associated concepts of adaptive management and institutional learning can move management beyond traditional control and resource-use optimization, which largely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Fishery management; Artisanal fishing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53029

Livelihood Strategies of Resource-Poor Farmers in Striga-Infested Areas of Western Kenya.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manyong,   Victor M.; Alene,   Arega D.; Odhiambo,   George D.; Mignouna,   H.D.; Bokanga,   M.; Omanya,   G.; Nindi,   S.J.
Striga hermonthica (del) Benth is threatening rural livelihoods in western Kenya where maize is the major food and cash crop. Vulnerability analysis was conducted on a sample of 802 households in eight districts of Nyanza and Western provinces. Farmers perceived Striga as the major cause of poverty and food insecurity. Both household income and child nutrition indicators showed alarming conditions for the majority of households. The coping strategies and informal safety nets were not capable of addressing the vulnerability issue successfully. A logistic regression model of determinants of poverty was estimated to examine the determinants and correlates of poverty. Results revealed certain characteristics of households that were more likely to be poor: poor...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Maize; Kenya; Striga; Logit; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52195

CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR AFRICA: WHO WILL GAIN FROM BT MAIZE IN KENYA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Owuor,   George; Smale,   Melinda; De Groote,   Hugo.
Bt maize in Kenya is promising biotechnology innovation for poor households.  Econometric prediction from a trait-based model of variety adoption indicates that the choice of host variety has equity and efficiency implications related to heterogeneity in maize growing environments and pest pressures, as well as the differences among farm households in terms of wealth, income, and market access.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maize; Bt; Adoption; Area allocation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20379

Green House Gas Mitigation Policy, Bio-fuels and Land-use Change- a Dynamic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Yongxia; Kicklighter,   David W.; Gurgel,   Angelo Costa; Paltsev,   Sergey; Cronin,   Timothy W.; Reilly,   John M.; Melillo,   Jerry M.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61852

An Investigation of the "Trial" Stage in the Adoption Process: Comment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodge,   P.H.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9563

Long Term Challenges and Opportunities: Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
This report was prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs) in an effort to study the challenges and opportunities that are arising from the trends and factors affecting the sector's long term prosperity and competitiveness.  The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the agriculture and agri-food sector and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector.  This report is the first installment of progress reports the WG will submit to ADMs in the process of completing its final report to FPT meetings, and so is a work in progress that will expand as further information is analyzed.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Economic analysis; Primary agriculture; Competitiveness; Farm income; Performance of farms; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52708

Agricultural science and technology policy for growth and poverty reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were; Naseem,   Anwar.
This paper argues that the largely unrealized potential of agricultural science and technology (S&amp;T) in promoting growth and poverty reduction in developing countries results from deeply rooted incompatibility among policy environments, institutional arrangements, and micro conditions and behavior in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D). Achieving growth and poverty reduction based on greater agricultural productivity therefore means achieving greater compatibility among these three dimensions of agricultural innovation systems. Research is sorely needed to build understanding of (1) the “big picture” influencing agricultural S&amp;T policy design and implementation in developing countries, (2) strategies for sustainable funding and delivery...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Science; Technology; Policy; Institutions; Poverty reduction; Agricultural technology; Agricultural science; Policy research; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59694

A Computer Simulation Model of Knowledge Management in Small and Medium Agri-Food Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martinez Soto,   Moises E.; Monroy,   Carlos Rodriguez; Fuentes-Pila,   Joaquin; Morris Diaz,   Anne; Araujo,   M. Gil.
System dynamics is an appropriate tool to build management models due to its ease of application in solving unstructured problems. In the twenty-first century the sustainability of organizations is influenced by the way it manages its knowledge. In this sense, knowledge management (KM) represents a strategy that contributes to improving the production supply chain (SC) of the agri-food industry (AFI). The objective of this research is to develop a computer model to simulate the effect of KM on the production of AFI. The methodology applied was that of the system dynamics by using the Vensim PLE ® v. 5.10 software, whose determining indicators were selected through an empirical study of KM in the SC of precooked corn flour industry in Venezuela. The study...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Small and Medium Enterprises; System Dynamics; Supply Chain; Knowledge Management; Food Industry.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122029

Uma análise das capacidades tecnológicas da agroindústria canavieira em Minas Gerais
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shikida,   Pery Francisco Assis; Azevedo,   Paulo Furquim de; Vian,   Carlos Eduardo de Freitas.
This paper aims to appraise the technological capabilities of sugarcane agro-industry in Minas Gerais State, that has the second largest area planted with sugarcane in Brazil, that is 679.000 ha. A field research survey with sugar and ethanol mills provides the primary data for assessing technological capabilities. The theoretical approach used was the technological capabilities matrix, which is based in Lall (1992), being this matrix divided into three specifications: basic (simple routine), intermediate (adaptive duplicative) and advanced (innovative risky). As a main finding, this sugarcane agro-industry, technically qualified and with low cost, presents a reasonable domain of basic and intermediate technological capabilities. However, the advanced...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Technology; Sugar; Ethanol; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95074

A MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: PATENT POLICY ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Sheldon,   Ian M.
In this paper, peculiarities of the process of development of agricultural biotechnological innovations are considered, in particular the distinction between R&amp;D races for gene discoveries and subsequent competition for developing their marketable applications in the form of genetically modified (GM) crops, the results of which determine the payoffs of discovering a gene. A formal two-stage model is specified and analyzed with regard to how different patent protection regimes and other government policies affect firm's’ R&amp;D strategies and the welfare realized from an innovation. We find that different policy measures affect the outcomes of the two stages of biotechnological innovation differently, which leaves some ambiguity as to which patent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19802

The U. S. Corn Farmers' Genetically Modified Technology Adoption with Neighborhood Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yoo,   Do-il.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically Modified; Neighborhood Effects; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61824

Ex-ante Economic Assessment of Agriculture Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tauer,   Loren W.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121528

Evaluating the Potential for Technology Adoption in Mitigating Invasive Species Damage and Risk: Application to Zebra Mussels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adams,   Damian C.; Lee,   Donna J.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61702

The Transformation of Competitive Advantage in East Asia: An Analysis of Technological and Trade Specialisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Uchida,   Yuichiro; Cook,   Paul.
In recent years there has been considerable interest in the relationship between a country's export competitiveness and the role played by technology in strengthening and maintaining competitive advantage. A central feature of recent empirical work, mainly focused on the OECD countries, has rested on examining patterns of export and technological specialisation between economies and sectors. This paper moves attention away from the advanced industrialised economies to examine the trends for trade and technological specialisation among the East Asian developing economies. In particular, two aspects of specialisation are examined. First, to what extent have patterns of competitive advantage changed over time and second, to measure the relationship between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30636

Biotechnological Processing and Agricultural Prosperity: A Historical Perspective of a False Promise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ott,   Stephen L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59888

Microcomputer Statistical Packages for Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stilwell,   Thomas C.
This paper discusses statistical packages for agricultural researchers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Statistical package; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54754

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE:  THE FARM AND FOOD SYSTEM IN TRANSITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Treadway,   Nathaniel Starr.
The paper gives an overview of the impact of new technologies on the performance of the farm and food system in the United States.  A theoretical framework is outlined. Two major technological frontiers are then discussed.  Microbiological breakthroughs are representative of technologies which shift the production function.  Computer and communication advances help management by reducing transaction costs.  These and other new technologies are discussed at each level of the farm and food system.  Key policy issues and future research topics are finally addressed.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11101

QUASISTATIONARY THERMAL FIELDS OF SELF-SINTERING ELECTRODES IN ORE-SMELTING FURNACE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hacevskiy,   Vladimir; Gonenko,   Tatyana; Hacevskiy,   Konstantin.
The paper studies conditions to increase performance efficiency for the ore-smelting electrothermal furnaces. Theoretical and experimental researches provide recommendations on technical requirements to the electrodes’ exploitation regime to achieve optimal performance of ore-smelting furnace.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ore-smelting furnace; Self-sintering electrodes; Aggregate zone; Quasistationary thermal fields; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94560

Índice relativo de modernização agrícola na região Norte
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Silva,   Rubicleis Gomes Da; Fernandes,   Elaine Aparecida.
The agricultural activity possesses expressive relevance for the agriculture of the North region. In relation to the agricultural modernization, the researches are driven in a joined way (national), the one that disables verify, indeed, which the degree of municipal development and which the variables that to impact this development. In a general way, it intends to determine the degree of agricultural modernization in the municipal districts of the North region. It is observed that this area presents low state levels of modernization, which are justified for the recent expansion of the agricultural border, for the low level of government investments, for the lack of public politics destined to the agricultural development and, finally, for the movements...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural modernization; North region; Factorial analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56742

MEASURING NET BENEFITS RESULTING FROM UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE NEW MEXICO CHILE TASK FORCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lillywhite,   Jay M.; Hawkes,   Jerry; Libbin,   James D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27995

Are Urban Consumers in China Ready to Accept Biotech Foods?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   William W.; Somwaru,   Agapi; Tuan,   Francis C.; Huang,   Jikun; Bai,   Junfei.
Based on a large-scale survey conducted in 11 large and small eastern cities in 2002, this study employs ordered probit models to estimate the effects of demographic and socio-economic variables on the likelihood of biotech food acceptance in China. This study also employs a dichotomous choice model to estimate consumers' mean willingness to pay (WTP) for biotech foods, including soybean oil and insect-resistant biotech rice. This survey reaffirms that Chinese urban consumers had a low awareness of biotechnology. Despite the low level of awareness, a great majority of respondents had favorable or neutral attitudes toward biotech foods. Only 5-15 percent was strongly or relatively opposed to biotech foods. Results from the models suggest that mid- and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotech foods; Ordered probit model; Consumer acceptance; Willingness to pay; China; Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q11; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25389

GETTING FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH APPLIED IN THE 1970'S: THE UNIVERSITY ROLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trieb,   Sykes E.
How University Staff can assist in Research Application in Food Distribution Industries.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26692

INNOVATION AND TRADE WITH ENDOGENOUS MARKET FAILURE: THE CASE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED PRODUCTS.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapan,   Harvey E.; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
We build a partial-equilibrium, two-country model to analyze some implications of the introduction of genetically modified (GM) products. In the model, innovators hold proprietary rights on the new technology, whereas farmers are (competitive) adopters; some consumers deem food produced from GM products to be inferior to traditional food; countries trade both traditional and GM products; countries can adopt regulations (such as mandatory labeling of GM products) that have direct trade implications; and, crucially, the mere introduction of GM crops affects the costs of non-GM food (because it makes it necessary to implement costly identity preservation). The analysis shows that, although agricultural biotechnology innovations have the potential to improve...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18555

Precision Farming Technology Adoption in Cotton Farming: Duration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandit,   Mahesh; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Mishra,   Ashok K.; Segarra,   Eduardo.
We used survey data collected from cotton producers in eleven U.S. states to address the issues of correlated events and individual heterogeneity in multiple precision technologies adoption. Results from a conditional frailty model indicated that younger, better educated cotton producer adopted precision technology quickly once those technologies were available. Further, farm size and farm income have positive influence on a chance of technology adoption by the cotton farmers. Moreover, the conditional frailty model addresses for both heterogeneity and event dependence allowing different baseline hazards for each group of precision technology adopters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103849

Linking Mara Fruits and Vegetable Growers to Serengeti National Park Tourist Hotels Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babu,   Adventina; van de Meerendonk,   Han; Maganga,   C.
Tourism in Tanzania has been on the rise since late 1990s when the markets were fully liberalized. This has created a high demand for horticultural produces from tourist hotels located in Serengeti national park in the northwest of Tanzania. Analysis was carried out to determine supply and demand for horticultural produces in Mara region. The annual requirements for horticulture produces in three Serengeti tourist hotels were about 614 tons. These hotels obtain most of the fruits and vegetables from Arusha, Kenya and South Africa which are very far from the park. Due to long distances and poor roads the hotels obtain high priced, low quality and small quantities of produces. The production of horticulture in Mara region is about 620 tons which is more than...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52145

Policy and Management Work within International Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Jock R.
The diversity of players in the field of agricultural (and, more generally, rural) policy and management research is sketched in a global overview of relevant research resources, and the small but important part played by the CGIAR Centres in this is explored, particularly where it has maximum value in terms of international public goods, and for strategic links to other parts of the CGIAR portfolio. The patchy and often slender (and perhaps diminishing in specific cases) capacity of national agricultural policy research and analysis units in the less‐developed world to deliver the needed research products is examined.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118059

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: A PROFILE OF AMERICAN CONSUMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ganiere,   Pierre; Chern,   Wen S.
A telephone survey was conducted on genetically modified foods in the U.S. Consumers’' attitudes are studied using a multiple correspondence analysis, and typology constructed through the use of a cluster analysis. Five distinct behaviors are extracted.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19972

COMPETITORS CO-OPERATING: ESTABLISHING A SUPPLY CHAIN TO MANAGE GENETICALLY MODIFIED CANOLA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smyth,   Stuart J.; Phillips,   Peter W.B.
Identity preserving production and marketing (IPPM) systems are used extensively in the Canadian canola industry to segregate varieties with different traits from the commodity stream.  This paper examines one use of identify preserved production and marketing systems for genetically modified (GM) canola.  A number of transgenic herbicide tolerant (HT) varieties have been approved for release in Canada since 1995 but delays in approval in other countries led the Canadian canola sector to use IPPM systems to segregate these varieties and direct them toward accepted markets.  This paper looks at a number of systems developed for input-trait GM canola, with a focus on the governance mechanisms used.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34357

Has the Return on Australian Public Investment in Agricultural Research Changed?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binenbaum,   Eran; Mullen,   John D.; Wang,   Chang Tao.
We examine whether there has been a decline in the returns from Australian public investment in research on broadacre agriculture. Complementing a forthcoming paper by Mullen, we use alternative specifications for the regression equation, which employs the log of total factor productivity (TFP) as the dependent variable. The rate of return is computed on an annual basis rather than by using multi-year averages. In contrast to Mullen’s earlier preliminary analysis, we have now found some evidence of a decline in the rate of return on public R&amp;D investment, lending some support to recently voiced concerns on this matter.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: R&amp;D; Rate of return; Agricultural productivity; Public investment; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6016

RESEARCH UPDATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Estimating Florida Per Capita Fish and Shellfish Consumption, by R.L. Degner, C.M. Adams; The Impact of Gross Margin-Price Elasticity on Retail Produce Pricing, by George K. Criner; A Pilot Study of Plans That The United States Food Industry Has For Participating in Former Soviet European Republics, by R.R. Cangemi, R.H. Lopez; Consumer Tradeoffs in Food Risks, Cosmetic Appearance, and Price: A Qualitive Analysis, by V. Kerry Smith, Edmund A. Estes, Young S. Eom; A Content Analysis of "Marketscan -- At the Checkout" In the Wall Street Journal During a 25 Week Period, by Dr. James J. Corbett; Analysis of the Mid-Atlantic Market for Crawfish--Retail Level, by Andrew J. Groff, J. Richard Bacon, C.M. Gempesaw II, Ulrich C. Toensmeyer; The Impact of Advertising...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26641

From Research to Program Design: Use of Formative Research in Haiti to Develop a Behavior change Communication Program to Prevent Malnutrition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Menon,   Purnima; Ruel,   Marie T.; Loechl,   Cornelia U.; Pelto,   Gretel H.
This paper summarizes findings from a formative research study conducted in Haiti to develop a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy to improve infant and child feeding practices and to reduce childhood malnutrition. It describes the methodology used and the tools developed to facilitate decisionmaking and effective use of formative research for program planning. The study is part of a larger research project carried out by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Cornell University in collaboration with World Vision-Haiti, a private voluntary organization responsible for the implementation of integrated health and nutrition programs that include food donations. The study used formative research methods that included individual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child-feeding practices; Childhood malnutrition; Caregiving behaviors; Formative research; Program design; Haiti; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97039

Biotechnology and Pest Resistance: An Economic Assessment of Refuges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hellmich,   Richard L.
Biologists now engineer transgenic crop varieties that express proteins that are toxic to a variety of common agricultural pests.  These transgenic crops offer farmers a new tool for effectively managing pests that reduce yields and increase production costs.  However, the concern over pest resistance to these toxins has prompted the EPA to require resistance management plans.  Seed companies have focused on a high-does refuge plan where farmers are required to plant a constant proportion of cropland in refuge in order to maintain a susceptible pest population.  Currently, entomologists recommend 20 to 40% refuge.  This paper develops an economic model of pest management with pest resistance to estimate the constant proportion of refuge that maximizes farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18632

Collaborative Working Environments in Food Supply Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pankiewicz,   Maciek; Schiefer,   Gerhard; Fritz,   Melanie.
This paper will discuss the ongoing research in area of conceptualization, design of collaborative working environments and its adoption for food supply networks. There will be a group needs approach for designing such environments presented. Tracking and tracing, agreements on quality policy, improvements in logistics, dissemination of innovations, cooperation in quality planning and market orientation, access to knowledge bases, etc. are all examples which build on an increased horizontal or vertical integration in information and communication activities. For these purposes adoption of collaborative working environments may be of a crucial importance for food supply networks.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collaborative working environment; E-community; E-collaboration.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59185

Quantifying Obesity in Economic Research: How Misleading is the Body Mass Index?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parks,   Joanna C.; Smith,   Aaron D.; Alston,   Julian M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Obesity; Percent body fat (PBF); Body mass index (BMI); Economic costs; Measurement error; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C52; I10.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61841

Price-Induced Technological Change in Italian Agriculture: An SGM Restricted Cost Function Approach (1951-91)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esposti,   Roberto; Pierani,   Pierpaolo.
This paper aims at investigating the price-induced innovation hypothesis in Italian agriculture over the years 1951 to 1991. Price-inducement hypothesis is analysed and tested within the framework proposed by Peeters and Surry (2000). The major difference is the short-run specification of the dual technology. Distinguishing between variable and quasi-fixed inputs allows both a more realistic representation of how relative prices may affect innovation and input use over time and a detailed decomposition of the relevant biases in input use. Results provide evidence in favour of price-inducement innovation in Italian agriculture.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Italian agriculture; SGM restricted cost function; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24662

A REVIEW OF THREE RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN QUANTITATIVE MODELLING IN THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kingma,   Onko Tjerek; Longmire,   James L.; Stoeckel,   Andrew B.
Elements of three of the BAE's research programs in economic modelling of the rural sector, namely, the modelling of agricultural production systems, rural commodity markets and agriculture within a general equilibrium framework, are reviewed with emphasis on the use of such models in policy work. Suggestions are made for further modelling in these areas.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22915

Insecticide Use on Vegetables in Ghana: Would GM Seed Benefit Farmers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horna,   J. Daniela; Smale,   Melinda; Al-Hassan,   Ramatu M.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Timpo,   Samuel E.
Tomato, cabbage and garden egg (African eggplant, or Solanum Aethiopicum) are important crops for small-scale farmers and migrants in the rural and peri-urban areas of Ghana. Genetic modification (GM) has the potential to alleviate poverty through combating yield losses from pests and diseases in these crops, while reducing health risks from application of hazardous chemicals. This ex-ante study uses farm survey data to gauge the potential for adoption of genetically-engineered varieties, estimate the potential impact of adoption on farm profits, and highlight economic differences among the three crops. Farmer's expenditures on insecticides are below the economic optimum in all three crops, and the estimated function for damage abatement shows that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6506

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN BRITISH AND PAKISTANI PUNJAB; AN INDUCED INNOVATION INTERPRETATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14201

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: AN ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES FACING INDUSTRY AND THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; von Grebmer,   Klaus.
Public-private partnerships offer potentially important opportunities for pro-poor agricultural research in developing countries. Yet in the international agricultural research community--and with regard to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) itself--we see few examples of successful public-private partnerships, and fewer examples where such collaborations have contributed to food security, poverty reduction and economic growth. This study assesses the opportunities for, and challenges to, creating and sustaining public-private partnerships between the international agricultural research centers of the CGIAR and leading multinational, research-based agribusiness companies. The study hypothesizes that the willingness and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public-private partnership; Collaborative research; Private sector; Multinational firms; Agricultural research and development; Agricultural biotechnology; Intellectual property rights; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16089

Contribution to an Integrated Analytical Framework for the Study of the Relations between and within Agro-Food Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zanasi,   Cesare; Rota,   Cosimo.
The globalization of markets, increased specialization in customers services, shorter lead times, are among the main factors influencing the change in firms organization. The firms disintegration is growing, leading to an increased demand for collaborative management along the supply chain. The relationship between economic agents represents a central aspect to be analysed in order to understand this new context which is “neither a perfectly planned structure, nor a merely spontaneous one” (Benassi M., 1995). These considerations are particularly interesting when applied to firms belonging to the agrofood system. They include very different technical-economic typologies as well as cultural and managerial backgrounds. In this context the role of vertical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59180

Benefits to Australia from ACIAR-funded Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pearce,   David; Monck,   Michael; Chadwick,   Kevin; Corbishley,   James.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113213

COST ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS FOR THE MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION OF MULTIPLE FOOD COMMODITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epperson,   James E.; Helmreich,   D.P.; Moon,   Leonard C.; Carley,   Dale H.; Huang,   Chung L.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The authors make cost comparisons among alternative computerized marketing systems.  The systems described could encompass any number of commodities and stages of distribution involving cash and/or futures transactions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27551

Impact of the Ethanol Boom on Livestock and Dairy Industries: What Are They Going to Eat?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   David P.; Anderson,   John D.; Sawyer,   Jason.
Increased demand for corn for ethanol production has helped push grain prices to record levels. This has increased livestock production costs, and producers have responded with changes to production systems. This paper explores the degree to which costs can be mitigated with alternative feeds, the effect this might have on physical performance, and the impact of alternative feeds on the competitive position of different species.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cattle feeding; Corn; Cost of production; Ethanol; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47199

Learning in Organic Farming – An Application on Finnish Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sipilainen,   Timo; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Organic farming technology may be relatively unknown to farmers at the time when they switch from conventional into organic farming. Therefore, experience gained over time and learning by doing may be important determinants in the efficiency of organic farming. It may also take time to reach the optimal nutrient stock of soil and optimal nutrient supply for arable crops under organic farming. Thus, efficiency of organic farming can either grow or decrease over time depending on the nature of the technology and the learning process. This paper estimates technical efficiency of organic farming and its development over time. We control for possible selection bias and regional heterogeneity when estimating a stochastic frontier distance functions for a sample...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Technical change; Output distance function; SFA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C23; D24; D83; O30; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24493

Garment Industry and Economic Empowerment: A case study of Swaziland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Panin,   Anthony; Mthombo,   Thabile T.
This paper examines the extent to which garment industry in Swaziland has contributed to the economic empowerment of the Swazi people through creation of new jobs and improvement in their overall welfare. In Swaziland as elsewhere in many African countries, unemployment has been and is still a major constraint to the country’s sluggish economic growth. In response to the unemployment situation in the country, Swaziland Investment Promotion Authority (SIPA) was established in 1977 under the Ministry of Enterprise and Employment with the main aim of attracting, encouraging, promoting, and facilitating both local Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the country. Among the efforts to entice foreign investors into the country was the construction of several...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic Empowerment; Garment; Investors; Swaziland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52106

The Egyptian Farming Practices Technological Development and Its Determinants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdou,   Amin I.
Tendency toward application of advanced technology in farming practices has been accelerated in Egypt since the mid Seventies of the last century. Both domestic technology generation and foreign technology transfer were encouraged. High-quality cultivars, mechanized farming operations, and modern agricultural systems, such as protected agriculture and organic farming were strongly introduced. As such, this study tended to assess the Egyptian experience in farming modernization, areas of success, points of weakness and drawbacks, determinants and measures of improvement. Based on field data, the study revealed a generally low percent of modern techniques adoption, especially for costly innovations or integrated technological packages, dropping to nearly 2%...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24278

Pesticides and Genetic Drift: Alternative Property Rights Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conner,   David S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93754

Ethanol, Mandates, and Drought: Insights from a Stochastic Equilibrium Model of the U.S. Corn Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McPhail,   Lihong Lu; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The outlook for U.S. corn markets is inextricably linked to what happens to the U.S. ethanol industry, which depends, in turn, on the level of government subsidies and mandates. We develop a stochastic partial equilibrium model to simulate outcomes for the corn market for the 2008/09 marketing year to gain insight into these linkages. The model includes five stochastic variables that are major contributors to corn price volatility: planted acreage, corn yield, export demand, gasoline prices, and capacity of the ethanol industry. Our results indicate that integration of gasoline and corn markets has increased corn price volatility and that the passage of the expanded ethanol mandates in the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) has had modest effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EISA mandate; Ethanol; Price volatility of corn; Stochastic equilibrium; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6305

Changing the direction of environmental investment in Australia: Learnings from implementing INFFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marsh,   Sally P.; Curatolo,   April; Pannell,   David J.; Park,   Geoff; Roberts,   Anna M.; Alexander,   Jennifer.
Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality, biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. INFFER is an asset-based, targeted, and outcome-focussed approach to environmental investment, and as such is a very different and more rigorous approach to prioritising possible environmental projects than used previously by most catchment management organisations (CMOs) in Australia. From 2008 to 2010 INFFER has been trialled with CMOs. Evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NRM investment planning; NRM investment prioritisation; Regional catchment management organisations; NRM policy; Environmental planning; Environmental prioritisation; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100584

The Role of Consumer Acceptance in the Food Innovation Process: Young Consumer Perception of Functional Food in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Del Giudice,   Teresa; Nebbia,   Stefano; Pascucci,   Stefano.
In this article we analysed the role of acceptance of a new food within innovation processes in the Italian food sector. Our analysis focused on preferences and the opinions expressed by three distinct groups of young consumers in relation to functional foods (FFs). Such products represent an innovation both in terms of technology and commerce for Italian food companies, and the segment of young consumers would appear especially interested in them. Our results showed that a different cultural education, hence the degree of knowledge cumulated by young consumers, is a key element in the preference for, and perception of FFs. This implies the need to identify highly differentiated marketing strategies for firms seeking to reach this segment of FF demand in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59112

OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE: IMPACTS ON CONSUMER DEMAND FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: House,   Lisa; Lusk,   Jayson L.; Jaeger,   Sara; Traill,   W. Bruce; Moore,   Melissa; Valli,   Carlotta; Morrow,   Bert; Yee,   Wallace M.S.
In the growing body of literature on consumer acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods, there are significant differences on the impact of knowledge on acceptance of GM foods.  One potential explanation is the manner in which knowledge is measured.  The goal of this study is to differentiate and examine the impact of both subjective and objective knowledge related to acceptance of genetically modified foods.  Data from surveys collected in the United States, England, and France is used.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20125

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTS AND THEIR ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE (II) and DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Alan G.; Willoughby,   W.M.
This paper discusses what economists want experimenters to do, and why, and criticises existing methods from the economists' viewpoint. The subject has received very little serious attention outside of North America and practically none, as far as I am aware, in Australia. The exception is a valuable critical survey, by Pearse, of the Department of Agriculture's experimental work in a large part of Western Australia. We are concerned in this paper only with certain types of agricultural experiments; namely (i) experiments which investigate physical input-output relationships (such as fertiliser, feeding and stocking rates) and (ii) where the technical data alone does not suffice to indicate an optimum.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22468

Economic Evaluation of Postharvest (Marketing) Research: Conceptual and Empirical Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langham,   Max R.; Purcell,   Joseph C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50029

IO/EAM: AN IMPUT-OUTPUT ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.; Brooks,   Rusty.
This paper describes a microcomputer software package, IO/EAM: An Input-Output Economic Assessment Model, which was developed at the University of Georgia through a joint extension-research effort.  The package is a menu-driven, user friendly program that is designed to be used by county extension agents, researchers, and other extension personnel to estimate the economic impact of changes in county economies.  The program employs an input-output model that provides users with a locally based, easily updated source of economic intelligence.  Use of input-output techniques allows users to estimate the impact of changes in county economies on an industry-by-industry basis and to account for the interdependencies among these industries in a county.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29721

A Profit in Our Own Country: Record of a seminar conducted by the Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, Parliament House, Canberra, May 17 1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118450

Some Notes on 'Dynamic' Linear Programming: Further Comment; A Further Reply
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waring,   E.J.; Throsby,   C.D.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1963
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8999

PROBLEMS OF INTRODUCING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTARY SYSTEM WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF ENTERPRISE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohova,   Elena.
Introducing electronic systems that integrates and automate decisions flows and documents exchange and circulation is important area for a company growth.  Developing electronic documentary systems helps to integrate and optimize important business processes and thereby decrease  economic and administrative costs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Computer technologies; Electronic documents; Automated business procedures; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; M15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94545

A Genetically Engineered Crop's Impact on Pesticide Use: A Revealed-Preference Index Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sydorovych,   Olha; Marra,   Michele C.
A revealed-preference-based method is proposed for assessment of the environmental and human health impact of genetically engineered (GE) crops.  This method employs the relative pesticide toxicity information from farmers' pesticide choices combined with volume of pesticides as an alternative to previous methods which are based on volume only, on number of pesticide applications, or on stated preferences.  The method is applied to estimate the changes in the impact of herbicides after environmental and health perspective.  The results indicate that, on average, a reduction in herbicide human heath and environmental impacts occurs when farmers adopt RR soybean varieties.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental impact; Genetically engineered crops; Pesticide risk index; Revealed preference information; Roundup Ready soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7083

A Trait Specific Model of GM Crop Adoption among U.S. Corn Farmers in the Upper Midwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Useche,   Pilar; Barham,   Bradford L.; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
This work offers a new approach to the adoption of GM crop varieties by adopting the econometric methodology of the characteristics-based demand literature. A random utility framework was implemented through different specifications of a conditional (CL) and a mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model of crop-variety choice. Willingness-to-pay and price elasticity estimates for traits were calculated. The MMNL approach demonstrates that individuals' tastes for some traits significantly vary across the population. Results further suggest that labor saving technologies have a much wider potential to be adopted. Overall, the use of a trait-based model to examine the adoption patterns of GM crop varieties among corn farmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin reveals a new...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19202

CYCLICAL CONCENTRATION AND BIOTECH R&amp;D ACTIVITY: A NEO-SCHUMPETERIAN MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Wolf,   Christopher A.; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Naseem,   Anwar; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Raper,   Kellie Curry; Hightower,   Amie L.
Several characteristics of biotech industry structure follow cyclical patterns. Mergers and acquisitions activity shows cyclical behavior, with peaks from 1988-92 and 1996-97 and a valley from 1993-95. The ratio of large-firm to small-firm field trials, and the Herfindahl-Hirshmann concentration index, move pro-cyclically with M&amp;A activity. This paper develops a formal, dynamic, neo-Schumpeterian model of endogenous R&amp;D and innovation. The model generalizes and extends the literature on biotech industry concentration.  For specified parameter values, the out-of-steady-state dynamics are examined, and shown to generate model behavior which is consistent with empirical descriptions of biotech concentration and R&amp;D-activity cycles.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11792

Effects Of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy Reforms On Prospects For Eastern And Southern Africa’s Trade With The EU Under The Economic Partnership Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echessah,   Protase N.
Due to the size of the European Union’s agricultural production and its market, the impact of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reaches far beyond Europe and has major implications for trade in agricultural goods all over the world including the ESA region. Since the 1950s, the CAP has undergone several reforms which have not only changed EU’s agricultural support system drastically but has also impacted global agricultural markets. For developing countries including the ESA ones, these reforms have serious implications since they are particularly locked into the EU’s complicated system of protectionist regulations and subsidies on the one hand and preferential market access on the other hand. The high degree of dependency and vulnerability of ESA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52190

The Impact of Investments in Maize Research and Dissemination in Zambia, Part II: Annexes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Chitala,   George M.; Kalonge,   Sylvester M.
Annexes to IDWP 39/1
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads December 2008 - June 2009: 4; Q18.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54731

Public regulation of R&amp;D racings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bontems,   Philippe; Vercammen,   James.
The purpose of the paper is to theoretically examine the welfare implications of public sector involvement in agricultural biotechnology R&amp;D. The model assumes that firms (either a private duopoly consisting of a pair of for-profit firms or a mixed duopoly consisting of one for-profit firm and one public firm) compete in a winner-take-all patent race that is subject to R&amp;D spillovers. Unlike previous research, spillovers are explicitly incorporated into the race, and the size of the prize that accrues to the winner, as well as the size of the ex post social surplus, is contingent on whether or not the public firm participates in the stage two product market. The welfare results concerning the implication of public sector involvement in the R&amp;D...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21367

A dynamic programming model for optimising the timing of replacement of sows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niemi,   Jarkko K.; Sevon-Aimonen,   Marja-Liisa; Partanen,   Kirsi; Pietola,   Kyosti.
Replaced with revised version of poster 07/20/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61591

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: WHY HAS IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH NOT MADE MORE OF A DIFFERENCE?
Provedor de dados: 31
This document contains the proceedings of an international conference on impact assessment research held in San Jose, Costa Rica, from 4-7 February 2002. Co-organized by the Economics Program of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA) of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the conference was attended by approximately 150 impact assessment practitioners and users. Participants included representatives from CGIAR Centers, national agricultural research organizations, public and private universities, multilateral lending organizations, development assistance agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropic foundations, private...
Tipo: Book Chapter
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23724

THE ROLE OF FARM SIZE AND RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS IN THE CHOICE BETWEEN RISKY TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marra,   Michele C.; Carlson,   Gerald A.
This paper investigates the relationship between farm size and technology adoption by applying a model recently developed by Just and Zilberman to the choices of a sample of southwestern soybean farmers. The adoption of double cropping soybeans with wheat is evaluated with an expanded model which includes availability of specialized equipment and human capital. It is found that the empirical farm size-technology adoption relationship is consistent with risk aversion and a high covariance of returns between the old and new technologies. Accounting for human and physical capital differences across farms improves the power of the hypothesis tests.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32233

Economic Performance of Bt Cotton Varieties in Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nazli,   Hina; Sarker,   Rakhal; Meilke,   Karl D.; Orden,   David.
Farmers in Pakistan have been growing cotton that contains the first generation of Bt gene since 2002. The cultivation of these varieties, although formally unapproved and unregulated, increased rapidly after 2005. In 2007, nearly 60 percent of the cotton area was under BT varieties. This paper examines the economic performance of Bt cotton in Pakistan based on data collected through a structured questionnaire survey in January-February 2009 in two districts (Bahawalpur and Mirpur Khas). The extent of the impact of Bt cotton on costs of production and yield gains are different across the two districts with their diverse agro-climatic conditions and pest pressures. Seed expenditures increase in both districts, but a decline in the number of bollworm sprays...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; Economic performance; Pakistan; Bahawalpur; Mirpur Khas; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61181

The Role of Agricultural Consultants in the New Zealand Research, Development and Extension System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Botha,   Neels; Coutts,   Jeff; Roth,   Hein.
This paper discusses the findings from a pilot study of New Zealand agricultural consultants aiming to describe the role of agricultural consultancy within the New Zealand RD&amp;E system with specific reference to their role in environmental management. The study comprised a literature review, interviews with informed persons and case studies. Agricultural consultants generally operate chiefly in the area of farm economics and management, but their positioning makes them well-placed for impacting positively on environmental management on farms. They assist producer decision-making by providing industry intelligence, up-to-date information and analysis of options. Consultants fulfil the role of knowledge broker reasonably effectively, but some were out of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural consultants; Environment; RD&amp;E system; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31971

Hub-and-Spokes Free-Trade-Agreements in the Presence of Technology Spillovers: An Application to the Western Hemisphere
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Das,   Gouranga Gopal; Andriamananjara,   Soamiely.
Using a comparative-static general equilibrium model and in the context of the western hemisphere, this paper compares the economic effects of a "hub-and-spokes (HAS)" type of bilateral trade configuration (with Chile being the hub) with those of a more comprehensive regional FTA (namely, the FTAA). The model is augmented to account for the possibility of technology spillovers and its effective assimilation among participating economies. In particular, absorptive capacity, governance factor, proximity and socio-institutional congruence conjointly determine an economy's capacity to capture the technology that is transmitted from developed spoke US to other regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hub and spokes; Free trade areas; Technology transfer; Absorption; Governance; Welfare; Preference dilution; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D58; F16; O4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15870

Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Kwansoo; Barham,   Bradford L.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Foltz,   Jeremy D.
This paper investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&amp;D production at U.S. research universities.  The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs or synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and a more recent and burgeoning output: academic patents. Using a shortage function, we propose a decomposition of economies of scope (decomposition which includes complementarity effects and scale effects). R&amp;D input and output data from 92 public and private research universities are used to obtain non-parametric estimates of scope economies. The results show significant variations in economies of scope and sources by size and type of university.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19147

Clean Technological Change in Developing-Country Industrial Clusters: Mexican Leather Tanning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Kildegaard,   Arne.
In many developing country cities, clusters of small and medium enterprises create severe pollution problems. Because conventional regulatory approaches are typically ineffective in such situations, policy responses have increasingly focused on promoting voluntary clean technological change. Yet the data and analysis needed to guide such efforts are scarce. This paper uses original firm-level survey data on a cluster of small- and medium-scale leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato -Mexico's leather capital-to econometrically identify the factors that drive the adoption of two clean tanning technologies. Using a multivariate probit model to estimate a system of seemingly unrelated regressions, we find-in contrast to conventional wisdom-that neither firm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Developing country; Small and medium enterprises; Mexico; Multivariate probit; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10545

An Assessment of the Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of NSW Agriculture's Wheat Breeding Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   John P.; Martin,   Peter J.; Mullen,   John D.
The Wagga wheat breeding program has been operating for over 100 years. In that time, it has released a flow of new wheat varieties for wheat growers in south-eastern Australia. Those varieties have led to increases in both yields and grain quality. The average annual rate of yield improvement in NSW has been 3.2% compared to the average for Australia of 2.4% with a significant proportion of these productivity gains arising from new varieties.  In this analysis, the investment in that program from 1980 to 2003 has been evaluated. Given the lags inherent in wheat breeding investments, the benefits from those investments are being measured from 1993 to 2020. The broad structure of the program has remained relatively stable for most of the period since 1980....
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27997

On the Uneven Distribution of Innovative Capabilities and Why That Matters for Research, Extension and Development Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; Munoz,   Manrrubio; Aguilar,   Jorge; Mendel,   Roberto Rendon; Muniz,   Jose G. Garcia; Cardenas,   J. Reyes Altamirano.
Agricultural development policies and programs, including extension and support for innovation, implicitly assume that the whole target population has the ability to innovate. Recent research in neuroscience, education, social sciences and psychology has shown that innovative capabilities are distributed very unevenly. We explored the distribution of innovative capabilities and the ability to integrate a technological package in a sample of commercial lemon producers in Mexico. We have found that the ability to explore new techniques is different from the ability to integrate an efficient production and commercial package. The ability to explore follows an exponential distribution while integration of the package follows a bimodal distribution. The ability...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Exploration; Participatory research; Creativity; Absorptive capabilities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56126

Issues in benefit-cost analysis of agricultural research projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Graham R.; Brennan,   John P.
Use of benefit‐cost analysis for economic comparison of agricultural research projects remains confounded, by lack of rigour in specifying the without‐project scenario and how benefits from an innovation endure after its adoption declines. Failure to account for the without‐project scenario favours projects to the extent that more benefits are foregone than costs avoided. Moreover, it is unreasonable to assume generally that aggregate benefits from an innovation continue at the peak level until the end of a 30–40 year planning horizon. A general BCA model for agricultural research projects is presented to enable flexible handling of these issues.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117389

Modeling Recreational Amenities in an Urban Setting: Location, Congestion, and Substitution Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Homans,   Frances R.; Marshall,   Elizabeth P.
In this article, we introduce a recreational amenity—a greenbelt park—into a simple urban economic model. For multiple possible park placements, we solve for the associated equilibrium urban structure, including the equilibrium rent gradient, city boundary, total number of park visits, the overall utility level, and total vehicle miles traveled. We examine how these change with alternative park placement sites. We then show how two modifications of the basic model—allowing congestion at the site to affect site quality, and introducing the possibility of a substitute site at the city’s periphery—affect our conclusions about how greenbelt location influences urban structure.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Urban structure; Greenbelt; Congestion; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45670

REVAMPING AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16326

The Distributional Effects of Horticultural Export Value Chains among Smallholders In Southern Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Afari-Sefa,   Victor.
Increasing foreign exchange problems and deteriorating prices of traditional export commodities have led policy makers and donor agencies to seek diversification in export crop production. In Ghana, crops such as pineapples and mangoes appear promising because of their high labour intensity and the expanding demand for fruits in Europe. Notwithstanding, there is a possible trade-off between export and food crop production because of the possibility of resource re-allocation. So far the major concern of government has been the macro-economic growth in terms export earnings while the distributional effects and impacts on household food security remain under-investigated. The study focused on a household survey undertaken in the forest and coastal-savannah...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52124

Can Bt Technology Reduce Poverty Among African Cotton Growers?  An Ex Ante Analysis of the Private and Social Profitability of Bt Cotton Seed in Mozambique.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitoro,   Raul; Walker,   Thomas S.; Tschirley,   David L.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Boughton,   Duncan; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
This paper presents an ex ante analysis of the private and social profitability of the introduction of Bt cotton for a major cotton producing area of northern Mozambique.   Cotton is especially relevant to rural poverty reduction because smallholders often have few alternative cash earning activities, and yields are among the lowest in Africa.  Multivariate regression is used to quantify the relationship between pest control and yield loss at farm level as a basis for estimating the expected yield gain from the introduction of Bt cotton.  Partial budget analysis of technical packages with and without Bt cotton seed reveals a strong divergence between private (negative) and social (positive) profitability.  The Mozambique case indicates that effective...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; Social profitability; Poverty reduction; Mozambique; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51633

The Clean Development Mechanism and the International Diffusion of Technologies: An Empirical Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dechezlepretre,   Antoine; Glachant,   Matthieu; Meniere,   Yann.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower – albeit positive – impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; Clean Development Mechanism; International Technology Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q55.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6920

Endogenous R&amp;D Investment and Market Structure: A Case Study of the Agricultural Biotechnology Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Benjamin; Sheldon,   Ian M.
Over the past three decades, the agricultural biotechnology sector has been characterized by rapid innovation, market consolidation, and a more exhaustive definition of property rights. The industry attributes consistently identified by the literature and important to this analysis include: (i) endogenous sunk costs in the form of expenditures on R&amp;D; (ii) seed and agricultural chemical technologies that potentially act as complements within firms and substitutes across firms; and (iii) property rights governing plant and seed varieties that have become more clearly defined since the 1970s. This paper adds to the stylized facts of the agricultural biotechnology industry to include the ability of firms to license technology, a phenomenon observed only...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Licensing; Market structure; R&amp;D; Agricultural biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L22; L24; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107832

EVALUATIONS IN 2003 OF FIVE AREAS OF INVESTMENT IN R&amp;D BY NSW AGRICULTURE: SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
In 2003 the economic, social and environmental impacts of five areas of research and extension where NSW Agriculture has made significant investments were evaluated. These investment areas included net feed efficiency in beef cattle; the management of temperate weeds in temperate pastures; conservation farming in the northern NSW cropping zone; wheat breeding in NSW; and extension in water use efficient technologies. The benefit cost analyses were conducted over the period from 1980 to 2020. For these five project areas NSW Agriculture invested $114m, including some support from industry. The industry returns totalled $1311m giving an average benefit-cost ratio of 11.5, ranging from 4.5 to 22.2.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28002

CONCEPTS TO REALITY - A SHORT RESEARCH REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ricker,   Harold S.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27832

Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.
Interstate and international spillovers from public agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) investments account for a significant share of agricultural productivitygrowth. Hence, spillovers of agricultural R&amp;D results across geopolitical boundaries have implications for measures of research impacts on productivity, and the implied rates of return to research, as well as for state, national and international agricultural research policy. In studies of aggregate state or national agricultural productivity, interstate or international R&amp;D spillovers might account for half or more of the total measured productivitygrowth. Similarly, results from studies of particular crop technologies indicate that international technology spillovers, and...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118618

Maize in Thailand: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekasingh,   Benchaphun; Gypmantasiri,   Phrek; Thong-Ngam,   Kuson; Grudloyma,   Pichet.
This is one of a series of seven in-depth country studies on maize production systems in Asia, funded by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). It is part of a project designed to promote sustainable intensification of maize production systems while ensuring equitable income growth and improved food security, especially for poor households that depend on maize. Maize is one of five major crops grown in the uplands of Thailand, along with rice, cassava, sugar cane, and rubber trees. Government-promoted crop diversification, increased population growth, improved transportation networks, inter national trade, expansion of upland farming areas, and increased demand for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7649

Zonal Origin of Dry Farming in Northern China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Su,   Haiyang.
Environmental changes in Pleistocene and the breeding of primitive agriculture in late Paleolithic Age are discussed. Natural environment in China has changed significantly since the Quaternary Period. Under the cold climatic conditions at late Pleistocene, most parts of northern China were not suitable for the growth of millet and other crops preferring warm surroundings. But some microlithic remains in warm zones of southeastern edge of northern China have entered the stage of gathering agriculture, which might become a part of agricultural original zones of millet agriculture. Environmental change and the emergence of dry farming in northern China at early Holocene are analyzed. Early Holocene (about 12 – 8 kaBP) is an unstable heating period. Millet...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural origin; Dry farming; Origin zone in China; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53600

DYNAMICS IN THE CREATION AND DEPRECIATION OF KNOWLEDGE, AND THE RETURNS TO RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Craig,   Barbara J.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Econometric studies of the effects of research on productivity have typically imposed arbitrary restrictions on the length and shape of the R&amp;D on productivity and the estimated rate of return to research. This paper argues that the useful stock of public knowledge depreciates, if at all, only gradually, and we use this notion to develop a new model, which we test using data on aggregate U.S. agriculture. We reject the conventional specification in favor of a more flexible, dynamic, alternative model, in which the impact of R&amp;D on productivity lasts much longer than in previous studies. Consequently, the real, marginal rate of return to public agricultural  R&amp;D in the United States is estimated to be less than 10 percent per annum, much smaller...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16102

The Economic Value of Patents, Licenses, and Plant Variety Protection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Small,   Arthur A.
While biotechnology creates new opportunities for agriculture, developments are impeded by confusion in the system for awarding intellectual property rights (IPRs) over agro-biotechnological innovations.  An intelligent redesign IPR system requires attention to how the definition of rights interacts with the market environment, generating incentives to create value.  A distinction is drawn between cost-reducing innovations that increase the efficiency of producing homogeneous outputs and value-adding innovations that create entirely new types of differentiated outputs.  A reform is proposed that would require the mandatory sublicensing of genes and certain core enabling technologies for creating genetically altered organisms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biotechnology; Intellectual Property; Market structure; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25023

GETTING FOOD DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH APPLIED IN THE 1970'S: AN INDUSTRY RESEARCH APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Vries,   Egbert.
To get there understand priorities, have a sense of direction, reality, future strategy of company, alternate approaches, management involvement, and be willing to move.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26717

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN MEAT AND POULTRY-PACKING AND PROCESSING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.
Nonparametric procedures are used to compare technological change in SIC 2011, meatpacking, and SIC 2015, poultry slaughter and processing.  There has been a greater increase in total factor productivity in poultry than in the red meats.  Evidence also suggests recent differences in the bias of this technological change, with production changes being labor using in poultry and biased towards greater efficiency in the use of live animal inputs in meatpacking.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Red meat; Poultry; Meatpacking; Technological change; Nonparametric analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15182

EVALUATING TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES IN RURAL SETTINGS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Capalbo,   Susan Marie; Heggem,   Christine N.
Changes in health care policies, demographics, and technology have presented new opportunities for the delivery of medical care services and information to rural communities. Telemedicine—the use of electronic information and communications technologies to provide and support health care when distance separates the participants—has significantly impacted the delivery of rural health care services. This paper presents an overview of the telemedicine technologies, government involvement in support of telemedicine, and issues that need to be addressed in designing an economic framework to evaluate the net benefits of telemedicine to rural communities and consumers. Federal and state governments have invested millions of support dollars in the form of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural health care; Telemedicine; Averted costs; Economic benefits; Telecommunications technology; R0; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29167

Productivity of Nanobiotechnology Research and Education in U.S. Universities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xia,   Yin.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) estimates that nanotechnology will become a trillion-dollar industry by 2015 and that 800,000 workers will be needed in this field in the United States.  Nanobiotechnology ― the interface of nanotechnology and the life sciences ― is one of the most active and promising application frontiers in nanotechnology.  To assess the productivity of basic and applied research and education in this field, I construct a structural model composed of a system of three equations which respectively represent the productions of a university’s scientific publications, patents, and graduate training outputs.  The model is estimated using a unique data set on thirty universities that participated in nanobiotechnology during the 1990-2005...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nanotechnology; Graduate education; University research; Productivity; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49442

AJAE Appendix: The Role of Patent Rights in Mergers: Consolidation in Plant Biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marco,   Alan C.; Rausser,   Gordon C.
The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 90, Number 1, February 2008.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7107

TO PATENT OR NOT TO PATENT: THE ROLE OF OPTIMAL PATENT BREADTH AND THE DECISION TO DEFEND THE PATENT RIGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yiannaka,   Amalia; Fulton,   Murray E.
The paper examines the relationship between the innovator's patenting and patent breadth decisions as well as how these two decisions affect, and are affected by, the innovator's ability to enforce her patent rights. An important feature of the model is that the entrant may be able, by his choice of location in product space, to affect the innovator's decision to defend her patent. An interesting finding of the paper is that the innovator might find it optimal to patent her innovation even when she chooses to not defend her patent by invoking a trial when patent infringement occurs. The paper also shows that, in most cases, the greater is the entrant's R&amp;D effectiveness, the smaller is the innovator's incentive to patent her product. If patenting...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19180

A MICROCOMPUTER PACKAGE TO TEACH THE SIMPLEX ALGORITHM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beilock,   Richard P.; Correal,   Catherine; Drummond,   H. Evan; Pheasant,   Jim W.; Wolfe,   Wayne.
Basic features of a microcomputer package, BCDP, which is an auto-tutorial designed to teach the Simplex algorithm are described. The package may be used to argument lecture and text materials in introductory linear programming courses or as a review for advanced math programming courses. Preliminary evaluations of the effectiveness of the program to augment classroom instruction are very positive.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29782

Innovative Technology Inspires Efficiency Gains in a Broadacre Western Australian Cropping System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fretwell,   Glenn.
This farmer utilizes cutting edge technology to drive business efficiency, profitability, along with agronomic and staff managing practices. This 5,300ha continuous cropping operation at Newdegate WA relies on advanced agronomic practices to assist the sustainability of the fragile landscape. This efficient and innovative use of machinery and labour is necessary to compete as a low cost producer of purely exported grains. Automatic steering devices, accurate within five centimeters, are fitted to all machinery for planting, fertilizing, spraying and harvesting operations. Machines are 9, 18 or 36m wide and their wheel position is standardized. This system allows for the controlling of soil compaction into precise pathways; the elimination of over and under...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24330

Managing Genetic Resources for Fun and Profit -- The Role of the Interest Rate in Natural Selection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guttormsen,   Atle G.; Kristofersson,   Dadi; Navdal,   Eric.
It has become clear that exploitation of natural resources may result in evolutionary selection pressure resulting in morphological changes of a species over time. This potentially adverse effect should be taken into account when regulating the use of such resources. In this paper we present a bioeconomic model where we analyse the effect of selective harvesting on genetic frequency for one specific gene in terms of the socially optimal long-term management of the resource. It is assumed that the individuals carrying the gene have a lower natural mortality rate but are also more valuable to catch. Results indicate that the relationship between the natural rate of selection against less valuable individuals and the interest rate is crucial in determining...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19354

Accountability in Research Through Industry Funding
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lindner,   Robert K.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49064

Assessing the impact of rice policy changes in Viet Nam and the contribution of policy research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
The marketing and policy research on rice of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is described, and the conclusions and recommendations that emerged are discussed in the context of the decision-making processes in Viet Nam. The role of IFPRI's publication and communication activities in association with the project in informing the policy environment are discussed. It is clear these played a crucial role in building consensus among the disparate groups involved in the policy process. This aspect was widely acknowledged by partners and stakeholders as having high value. From extensive interviews the author describes the perceptions of partners and stakeholders of the influence of the outcomes of the IFPRI project. They show that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48287

Assessing Potential Impact of a Farmer Field School Training on Perennial Crop in Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wandji,   Njankoua; Binam,   Nyemeck; Sonii,   David; Mva Mva,   Jonas; Gockowski,   James.
This study is an attempt of the combination of multiple data sources referring to the same time period and to the same farmer population, it aims at assessing the potential impact of a cocoa Farmer Field School Training on Integrated Pest Management in Cameroon. Using a combination of a latitudinal and a longitudinal comparison, the results indicate that FFS-trained farmers have significantly more knowledge about crop husbandry practices than those in the non-participant comparison group. A 32% production increase and 45% income increase relative to the non-participants was estimated in the latitudinal analysis. The longitudinal comparison is showing significant adoption rates of 94, 93, 90, 66 and 35 % respectively for shade management, phytosanitary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Integrated pest management; Farmer field school; Adoption rate; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52103

PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES IN THE LATVIAN INSURANCE MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Polovko,   Svetlana.
E-insurance is a vital topic for research as in the market of Latvia the given type of service has appeared rather recently - in September, 2006. The paper studies prospects of E-commerce development of insurance market in Latvia. Value of an information technology in the insurance market, growth profile of E-commerce, advantages of this E-channel use in insurance sales are considered.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Insurance; E-commerce; Insurance policy; Insurance company.; Financial Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; G22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94582

Have Biotech Seeds Increased Maize Yields?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Zheng; Hennessy,   David A.; Moschini,   GianCarlo.
Corn yield is determined by soils, weather, seed used and other technology choices. Global population and per capita income growth trends as well as demand from the energy sector have placed great stress on cropland use. Global cropland acres and/or yield per acre will need to increase. Whether new seed technologies have enhanced corn yield is a controversial issue. We study U.S. county corn yields 1964-2008, controlling for location effects, fertilization technologies and weather. We find evidence that trend yield growth has been fastest in the Central Corn Belt, genetic modification technologies have increased trend yield, and this increase has been largest in the Central Corn Belt.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Corn Yield; Trend; Regional Effects; Weather; Fertilization.; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L65; Q16.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61303

Spatial Agglomeration Degree and Influencing Factors of Main Agricultural Products in Guangdong Province of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Weilian; Zhang,   Hongou; Wang,   Rongrong; Chen,   Jing.
This paper introduces the calculation formula and measure standard of Gini coefficient, and measures the spatial agglomeration degree of main agricultural products in Guangdong Province by Gini coefficient. We also analyze the influencing factors of the agglomeration of main agricultural products in Guangdong Province, and put forward related suggestions.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Guangdong Province; Main agricultural product; Spatial agglomeration degree; Influencing factor; China; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53530

WELFARE EFFECTS OF TRANSGENIC SUGARBEETS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A THEORETICAL EX-ANTE FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
We develop a theoretical welfare framework, which explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits.  The result is a simulation model, shaped to the European sugar sector, and enabling to assess the size and distribution of the benefits of transgenic sugarbeet adoption in the European Union and the Rest of the World.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31852

INFORMATION POLICY AND GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD: WEIGHING THE BENEFITS AND COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teisl,   Mario F.; Caswell,   Julie A.
The labeling of genetically modified foods (GMFs) is the topic of a debate that could dramatically alter the structure of the U.S. and international food industry. The current lack of harmonization of policy across countries makes GMF labeling an international trade issue. The U.S. and Canada do not require GMFs to be labeled unless the GMF is significantly different than the conventional food or the GMF presents a health concern. However, many other countries are requiring GMFs to be labeled. This paper discusses empirical work on the sources and magnitude of benefits and costs from labeling programs, with particular emphasis on the impact of the design of the labeling program on benefits and costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: GMOs; Biotechnology; Labeling; Benefits; Costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14534

Rural Poverty and Employment Effects of Bt Cotton in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Subramanian,   Arjunan; Qaim,   Matin.
The impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on the poor in developing countries is still the subject of controversy. While previous studies have examined direct productivity effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and other GM crops, little is known about wider socioeconomic outcomes. We use a microeconomic modelling approach and comprehensive survey data from India to analyze welfare and distribution effects in a typical village economy. Bt cotton adoption increases aggregate employment with interesting gender implications. Likewise, aggregate household incomes rise, including for poor and vulnerable farmers, highlighting that Bt cotton contributes to poverty reduction and rural development.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops; Poverty; Rural development; Village economy; Social accounting matrix; Impacts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50555

The Spillover Effects of R&amp;D Investment on the Performance of Individual Firms in Food Manufacturing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: An,   Donghwan; Lee,   Sangjun.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21222

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THE PRODUCTIVITY SLOWDOWN IN FIELD CROPS: UNITED STATES, 1939-78
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.
In the past four decades, productivity in United States field crops has been transformed by the mechanical and fertilizer revolutions.  Since input data are typically not available by crop, most investigators of productivity have been at the aggregate level.  This paper developps a simultaneous equation, partial adjustment model of the demand of inputs, which generates estimates of the technical change parameters for wheat, corn, soybeans, and cotton.  These estimates allow comparisons of the factor saving biases in technical change, leading to a novel test of the induced innovation hypothesis and the suggestion that the productivity slowdown may yet affect agriculture in the United States.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29969

HYBRID RICE AND ITS IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY AND THE PATTERN OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Durand-Morat,   Alvaro; Wailes,   Eric J.; Chavez,   Eddie C.
The hybrid rice technology is one of the many ways in which productivity of scarce resources devoted to rice production could be enhanced, with the consequent alleviation of food insecurity. The findings of this study show that the hybrid rice technology has so far made some sizable contributions to per-capita availability of rice in adopting countries with marginal spillover effects to other regions. However, at forecasted population growths, a massive intensification of adoption would be needed to maintain per-capita availability of rice at baseline levels. But even with adoption rates climbing significantly, much higher equilibrium prices are expected, which will represent a challenge for the hungry in many parts of the world. While hybrid rice has the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hybrid rice; Food security; Technology change; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q55.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98845

Abatement Technology and the Environment-Growth Nexus with Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article challenges the conventional result that a tighter environmental tax has no long-run effect on human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final output production. It demonstrates that the technology used in the abatement sector determines the existence and the direction of the growth-effect. A tighter environmental tax rises (respectively reduces) human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final production, if the abatement sector is relatively more intensive in human (resp. physical) capital than final sector. That result always holds for finite lifetime but for infinite lifetime it only holds when labor supply is endogenous. The transitional impact of a tighter environmental policy is also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human Capital; Abatement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101379

The Research Programme "Networks in Livestock Farming" as a Means of Promoting Innovation in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Kroon,   Sandra M.A.; Zaalmink,   Wim; Geerling-Eiff,   F.A.; de Grip,   K.; Hubeek,   Francisca B.; Leeuwis,   C.; Wielinga,   H.E.; van Wijk-Jansen,   Elvi E.C.
Since the privatization of the agricultural extension service in the Netherlands and the need for a more market oriented approach, the agricultural innovation system "REE" (from Research through Extension and Education to farmers), no longer seems to provide a suitable response to the complex social changes faced by the agricultural sector. The research programme "Networks in Livestock Farming" can be seen as an experiment aimed at giving a new shape to the interaction between practice, research and policy and thus increasing the self-solving ability of farmers and encouraging innovation in livestock farming in the Netherlands. In 2004, 50 networks of livestock farmers were facilitated by 35 project directors from Wageningen University and Research Center...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Networks; Knowledge generation; Sustainable innovations; Facilitation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24248

Economic Implications of Conventional Water Treatment Versus Desalination: A Dual Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rogers,   Callie; Sturdivant,   Allen W.; Rister,   M. Edward; Lacewell,   Ronald D.; Harris,   Bill L.
Most municipalities use conventional treatment to produce potable water. Historically, desalination has not been economically feasible, but technological advancements warrant a new analysis. This study analyzes the costs of two Texas municipal facilities producing water using the above technologies based on Capital Budgeting-NPV analysis combined with annuity equivalents.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6729

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF COTTON AND PEANUT RESEARCH IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Anna Rickett; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
The purpose of this study was to utilize the economic surplus framework for evaluating the impact of investment in agricultural research.  The economic impact measures used in this study were the total benefits and distribution of those benefits associated with investment in agricultural research.  These results were used to calculate an internal rate of return on the investments.  The focus of the research was on cotton and peanuts in the Southeast region of the United States. Two equations were estimated to determine the impacts of the money being spent on the research efforts of these two commodities.  The results revealed positive benefits to consumers and producers exceeded the investment amount in each year for both commodities in the period.  The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19900

FINANCE, ORGANIZATION, AND IMPACTS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: FUTURE PROSPECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
The objective of this paper is to review key conceptual issues in the finance, management, and economic impact analysis of agricultural research of the U.S. and other western developed countries, to critique evidence on the impacts of R&amp;D, to summarize new developments and emerging trends in agricultural science policy, and to speculate about the likely effect of these trends during the 21st century on impacts of R&amp;D.  The conceptual review emphasizes refinements in the theory of public goods associated with a class of impure public goods.  Some overall conclusions are presented for U.S. agricultural research policy of the 21st century. Note: Figure 1 not included in file-- contact author for more information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Science policy; Agriculture; Research; Funding; Organization; Impact analysis; Incentives; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18267

TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.; Hayami,   Yujiro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13820

ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC MODELING ON A WATERSHED BASIS: A CASE STUDY OF THE CACHE RIVER OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaulieu,   Jeffrey R.; Bennett,   David; Kraft,   Steven E.; Sengupta,   Raja.
A digitally represented watershed landscape (ARC/INFO GIS) is merged with farm optimization (linear programming) and sediment and chemical transport (AGNPS) models.  Enhanced targeting of non-point source pollution to remedial policy and management initiatives result. The implications of which are linked back to farm income and forward to the managed ecosystem.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21019

Technical innovation and farm productivity growth in dryland Africa: The effects of structural adjustment on smallholders in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyariki,   D.M.; Thirtle,   Colin G.
This paper uses non-parametric approach to measure technical innovation and productivity growth at the smallholder farm-level in dry-land sub-Saharan Africa during the initial years of the structural adjustment programmes for agriculture. Data from Kenya for two production years, 1991/2 and 1995/6 are used to construct a Malmquist productivity index. The results show that the rise in input prices led to reduced use of modern inputs, so that efficiency increased at 12% per year. However, lower use of modern varieties and less fertiliser also gave technological regression at 2.5% per annum, so that the overall outcome was productivity growth of 3% per annum. However, productivity improvement cannot be sustainable without technological progress.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54220

IFPRI and the abolition of the wheat flour ration shops in Pakistan: a case-study on policymaking and the use and impact of research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Islam,   Yassir; Garrett,   James L.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47826

Parallel Imports and Innovation in an Emerging Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mantovani,   Andrea; Naghavi,   Alireza.
This paper studies the consequences of parallel import (PI) on process innovation of firms heterogeneous in their production technology. In an international setting where foreign markets differ with respect to their intellectual property rights regime, a move by a technologically inferior firm to exploit a new unregulated market can result in imitation and PI. The impact of PI on innovation is determined by the degree of heterogeneity between firms and trade costs. Increasing trade costs shifts from the market share losses brought by PI from the more to the less productive firm. This induces the former to invest more in R&amp;D. At this point, sales in the foreign market become a determinant of the R&amp;D decision by the technologically inferior firm. For...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; Parallel Imports; Innovation; Trade Costs; Welfare; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F12; F13; L11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60688

Household Food Security in a Subsistence Economy: Application of Translog Cost Function to Cross-sectional data in Vihiga District, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyangweso,   P.M.; Odhiambo,   Mark O.; Odunga; Serem,   A.K.
Vihiga, one of the poorest and densely populated districts in Kenya is perpetually food deficit (GOK, 2005). While food demand continued to rise, production fell behind both targeted production and district demand. To make matters worse food deficit situation worsened over the last decade. Rising population and competition for resources have curtailed efforts to improve household food production in the district. Unfavorable poverty indicators in the district only make matters worse. About 57.6 percent of the population and more than 50 percent of households live below absolute poverty line while 57 percent of the population and households live below food poverty line (GOK, 2005). Poor welfare indicators for Vihiga district underscore the importance and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Translog Cost Function; Vihiga; Kenya; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52216

Durabilité des systèmes de production des petits ruminants: Une approche de santé  animale–marketing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zaibet,   Lokman; Abdelhafidh,   Hassen.
L’objectif de ce papier est d’identifier les contraintes de commercialisation des petits ruminants sur le marché aux bestiaux.  Ces contraintes sont particulièrement prononcées chez les petits éleveurs. Notre recherche met en évidence la relation entre les caractéristiques de cette catégorie d’éleveurs et le choix du lieu de commercialisation (marché, sur la route ou à la ferme).  Ce choix est lié aussi aux coûts de transaction qui se manifestent sur le marché mais aussi à l’état de santé du cheptel.  La décision de ne pas se rendre sur le marché est supposée influencer négativement la continuité de cette activité et par conséquent la durabilité de d’élevage chez les petits éleveurs. Parmi les facteurs trouvés favoriser la chance de se rendre sur le marché...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52006

Institutions, impact synergies and food security: a methodology with results from the Kala Oya Basin, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saleth,   Rathinasamy Maria; Dinar,   Ariel; Neubert,   Susanne; Kamaiah,   Bandi; Manoharan,   Seenithamby; Abayawardana,   Sarath; Ariyaratne,   Badugodahewa Ranjith; de Silva,   Shyamalie.
The success of development programs depends on the role of underlying institutions and the impact synergies from closely related programs. Existing literature has limitations in accounting for these critical factors. This paper fills this gap by developing a methodology, which can quantify both the institutional roles in impact generation and the impact synergies from related programs. The methodology is applied to the Kala Oya Basin in Sri Lanka for evaluating the impacts of three development programs and 11 institutions on food security. The results provide valuable insights on the relative roles of institutions and the varying flow of impact synergies both within and across impact pathways.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Institutional development; Development plans; Development policy; Impact assessment; River basins; Food security; Models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44521

The Effect of Innovation on Agricultural and Agri-food Exports in OECD Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghazalian,   Pascal L.; Furtan,   William Hartley.
This paper investigates the effect of innovation on primary agricultural and processed food product exports among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.  A theoretical gravity equation that accounts for innovation is derived.  The empirical exercise uses panel data sets covering 21 OECD countries for the period 1990-2003.  The R&amp;D capital stock is employed as a tangible way of measuring innovation.  Empirical results show that R&amp;D has enhanced exports in the primary agricultural sector.  Meanwhile, the market expansion effect of R&amp;D appears to be more than offset by the market power effect in the food processing sector, resulting in a decrease in exports.  Also, evidence was found of a positive vertical...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Food; Gravity equation; Innovation; OECD; R&amp;D; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7075

Impact of GMO Crop Adoption on Quality-Adjusted Pesticide Use in Corn and Soybeans: A Full Picture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vialou,   Alexandre; Nehring,   Richard F.; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge; Grube,   Arthur.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/15/08.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6429

The Role of Credit Access in Improving Cocoa Production in West African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyemeck,   J.B.; Gockowski,   James; Nkamleu,   Guy Blaise.
This study uses survey data to examine the role of access to credit on cocoa production, in West African cocoa production countries under conditions of agricultural policy liberalization. The study specifies and estimates econometric models to simulate the counterfactual of what cocoa production would be in the absence of credit facilities. The survey results show that about 54% of cocoa farmers have access to credit in Nigeria, and respectively 37% in Cameroon, while in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire only a few cocoa farmers have access to credit. We find that the cocoa farmer’s capacity such as, the cocoa farm size, and the mutuality status of the farmer are more important as a determinants of cocoa farmers access to credit as well as another set of variables...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit; Cocoa; Farmer; West Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52095

Application of Electronic Data Collection in Research of Socio-Economic Importance of Forest Functions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pospisilova,   Vendula; Pospisil,   Josef; Hucko,   Jan.
The main topic of the project is the application of electronic data collection using the web interface to the research of the socio-economic importance of forest functions. A unique system for data collection, the provision of evidence and processing was designed. The system leads to the simplification of the research, to the possibility of extending the investigation in the field and to the survey of forest visit trends in the long term. The approach will enable the formation of an extended database. The paper describes the steps of the project’s implementation. The e-survey started at the end of September 2010 continues to this time.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: E-survey; Forest functions; Assessment; Web development; Agile methods.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; GA; IN.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102495

Tracing Power and Influence in Networks: Net-Map as a Tool for Research and Strategic Network Planning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schiffer,   Eva; Waale,   Douglas.
Believing that complex problems call for complex solutions and that stakeholders should have a say in policies that concern them, policymakers have strongly promoted the development of forums and organizations made up of many stakeholders to address complex governance issues such as water management. Both developing and developed countries have instituted multistakeholder water governance bodies on local, national, and international levels. However, while the belief is strong that these integrated bodies should improve governance, how and to what extent that actually happens is still unclear, not only because of the complexity of the matter but also due to a lack of appropriate research tools for the analysis of complex governance systems. This paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ghana; Water Governance; Social Network Analysis; Net-Map; Research methodology; Multi-stakeholder governance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42318

The Clustering of Organizational Innovation: Developing Governance Models for Vertical Integration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burress,   Molly J.; Cook,   Michael L.; Klein,   Peter G.
This case explores a cluster of firms that emerged sharing a particular ownership structure. Typically, clusters are thought of as interrelated firms that produce similar products and services. However, we document the emergence and evolution of a cluster of entrepreneurial ventures that developed using a unique governance structure. We explore the deviant case of Renville, MN because of its notable success in developing a series of entrepreneurial ventures that provided producers with the opportunity to vertically integrate.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Collective entrepreneurship; Organizational innovation; Joint vertical innovation; Cluster; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q13; Q16.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53740

SUMMARY OF RESEARCH NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weersink,   Alfons.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16964

Unexploited Agricultural Growth: The Case of Crop–Livestock Production Systems in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Homann,   Sabine; Rooyen,   Andre van.
Livestock is the most important source of cash for small-scale farmers in the semi-arid tropics of southern Africa. However, with limited access to markets, farmers do not have the incentive to invest in improved livestock management. Livestock production and off-takes remain low and farmers are unable to realize the full potential of their herds. We believe that improved market access will be the driver to increase technology adoption for income growth and poverty reduction. In Zimbabwe, a recent baseline diagnosis by ICRISAT and partners found that cash income from goats is crucial to cover day-to-day expenditures for food, education and human health. Cattle are more important for draft power and milk, and support subsistence cropping activities. Major...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52186

Electronic Commodity Market System for Food Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fomina,   Julia; Fomin,   Eduard.
On the agricultural market, like any other market, there are transaction costs such as “discovering what the relevant prices are, the costs of negotiating and concluding a separate contract for each exchange transaction1”, and others. According to our research the average level of transaction costs in Russia for small and medium-sized enterprises is about 28% of the total cost. If the transaction costs of agricultural market are high, in order to reduce them entrepreneurs can arrange the additional production of goods within the firm, replacing market relationships on the relations within the firm. For example, in Russia, the large grain producers often have their own storage of grain (elevators) and mills, bakeries and even shops, because it is more...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Commodity market; E-commerce; Food sector; Self-organizing.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L81; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122028

EFFECTS OF CHANGING COTTON TECHNOLOGY ON U.S. COTTON PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   Phillip C.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33227

The Impact of Access to Credit on the Adoption of hybrid maize in Malawi: An Empirical test of an Agricultural Household Model under credit market failure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simtowe,   Franklin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Guided by the frame work of a household model under credit market failure, this paper aims at investigating the impact of access to credit on the adoption of hybrid maize among households that vary in their credit constraints. The data used in the study is from Malawi collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Using the direct elicitation approach; households are classified into constrained and unconstrained regimes. The impact of access to credit is estimated using a switching regression in a Double-Hurdle model. Results reveal that while access to credit increases adoption among credit constrained households, it has no effect among unconstrained households. Results also show that factors that affect adoption among credit...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Double-hurdle; Hybrid maize; Adoption; Malawi; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52076

CONSUMER RESPONSE TO GMO FOODS: BRANDING, CERTIFICATION, AND CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baker,   Gregory A.; Mazzocco,   Michael A.
Two consumer choice models were developed using conjoint analysis to evaluate the effect of potential strategies to gain consumer acceptance of GMO foods. Results indicate that a government certification program would be more effective than the use of a familiar brand in assuring consumers of the safety of GMO foods.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36562

FARMERS' BEHAVIOR TOWARDS NEW TECHNOLOGY:  THE SENEGALESE CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sene,   Ibrahima.
The adoption of new technology in developing countries is an important issue today.  Several studies have been undertaken to discover ways of encouraging the development and the adoption of new technologies.  In Senegal two different approaches to the transfer of technology to farmers are noticeable:  the adapted technology approach and the intermediate technology approach.  Of these, the intermediate technology approach embodied in oxen traction is the predominant approach to technology transfer in Senegal.  This paper analyzes the behavior of Senegalese farmers towards this dominant kind of technology transfer in Thies Region, one of the old peanut basin regions of Senegal.  Capital budgets for two oxen and two equipment options are prepared.  Annualized...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11153

Determining smallholder farmers’ preferences for Push-Pull technology dissemination pathways in western Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murage,   Alice W.; Amudavi,   David Mulama; Obare,   Gideon A.; Chianu,   Jonas; Khan,   Zeyaur R.
The push-pull technology (PPT) has widely been disseminated to control stemborer (Chilo partellus and Busseola fusca) and Striga weeds (Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica) in maize fields in Kenya. This study examined farmers’ preferences for various dissemination pathways in order to proffer better targeting of resources in an optimal dissemination strategy. The pathways considered were public meetings (barazas), radio, farmer field schools (FFS), field days (FD), farmer teachers (FT), the fellow farmers (FF) and print materials. Using a weighted score index and ordered probit regression, the different pathways were sequentially ranked as FD, FT, FFS, FF, print materials, Radio, and barazas. Marginal effects from ordered probit showed that farmers had...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Push-pull technology; Stemborer; Striga; Dissemination pathways; Preference; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95918

IMPLICATIONS OF RICE BIOTECHNOLOGY ON OPTIMAL RICE CROP ROTATION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Annou,   Mamane Malam; Thomsen,   Michael R.; Hansen,   James M.; Wailes,   Eric J.; Cramer,   Gail L.
Availability of new herbicide-resistant biotech rice varieties may affect traditional rice rotation practices to control red rice and enhance yields.  This research evaluates the adoption of biotech rice and its effects on the current practice of crop rotation in the Mississippi River Delta region.  The optimal utilization of biotech rice rotation is analyzed using a nonlinear mathematical programming model with mixed integers.  Optimal rotation was found to be sensitive to the technology fee, relative prices received by farmers, the effectiveness of red rice control, and a sheath blight penalty on yield for continuous rice production.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15774

Demand for Multimedia in the Classroom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyer,   Tracy A.; Briggeman,   Brian C.; Norwood,   F. Bailey.
This study elicits preferences for multimedia in the classroom for students and faculty members in agricultural economics. Employing an Internet-based conjoint ranking survey, the results show that students prefer multimedia instructional tools over a traditional chalkboard/whiteboard lecture format while faculty members do not. Neither students nor faculty members are enthusiastic about electronic textbooks, and students will accept them only if they save $80. Finally, preferences for multimedia are shown to differ with students who self-report differing note-taking abilities, preferences for chalkboard lectures, and the need for an engaging class. Successful multimedia adoption requires appropriate use and lowering costs for students.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conjoint ranking; Instruction; Microeconomics; Multimedia instruction; Valuation; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A22; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56663

CRAFTING SMALLHOLDER-DRIVEN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rukuni,   Mandivamba; Blackie,   Malcolm J.; Eicher,   Carl K.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11531

THE RESPONSE OF CORN FUTURES MARKETS TO AGRO-BIOTECHNOLOGY NEWS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Kalaitzandonakes,   Nicholas G.
Consumer perceptions of the potential negative side effects to the body and to the environment as well as consumer opinion regarding ethical issues of developing transgenic products has caused melee at times in the food marketing chain.  This has prompted some firms, e.g., Frito Lay and Gerber, to publicly announce that grains and oilseeds produced using transgenic seed will not be used as an ingredient in the production of food.  This research found little to support the notion that agro-biotechnology news and/ or recall/non-use announcements affected the CBOT corn futures market.  As hypothesized, this result suggests that the market for non-transgenic corn is small relative to aggregate corn supply and demand, which the CBOT corn futures market...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36124

MEASURING THE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH EXPENDITURES FOR CORN, WHEAT AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Cheng,   Cheng-Ge; Norton,   George W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13356

Embedding a Field Experiment in Contingent Valuation to Measure Context-Dependent Risk Preferences: An Application to Wildfire Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rollins,   Kimberly S.; Kobayashi,   Mimako.
This paper contributes towards the development of an approach that would generate welfare measures that accommodate non-expected utility risk preferences. Combining the merits of elicitation approaches used in field experiments with contingent valuation, we embed an experimental design that systematically varies probabilities and losses across a survey sample in a willingness to pay elicitation format, where a hypothetical situation is described that closely resembles the actual policy context. We apply the proposed elicitation and estimation approaches to estimate the risk preferences of a representative homeowner who faces probabilistic wildfire risks and an investment option that reduces losses due to wildfire. Based on prospect theory, we estimate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61870

THE IMPACT OF FARM AND PROCESSING RESEARCH ON THE AUSTRALIAN WOOL INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   John D.; Alston,   Julian M.; Wohlgenant,   Michael K.
An equilibrium displacement model of the world wool top industry is used to estimate the returns to the Australian wool industry from productivity improvements in farm production, in top making and in textile manufacturing. The returns to the industry from these different types of research and development are sensitive to the extent of substitution possibilities between Australian wool and other inputs used by the wool processing and textile industries but it appears that research resources have to be much more efficient in off-farm activities for the Australian wool industry to receive benefits similar to those from farm research activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22640

To fence or not to fence: A partial probit analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paragahawewa,   Upananda Herath.
Based on the results of a probit model estimated from a survey of 1625 farmers from seven major dairying regions in New Zealand, farmers’ attitudes (perception about the overall benefits) appear to be are a major governing factor of waterway fencing in all regions. While fencing in Northland and West Coast regions was lower than elsewhere, owner/operators in those regions tended to fence more than farmers with other types of ownership structures. Environmental issues also appeared to be important; however the level of environmental awareness did not reflect the actual degree of fencing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EBP Adoption; Partial probit analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51026

Inter-Linkages Among Agricultural Research Investment, Agricultural Productivity and Rural Poverty in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiresur,   V.R.; Melinamani,   V.P.
Nearly 72 per cent of India’s population and 75 per cent of the country’s poor are in rural areas. A large chunk of the Indian population still depends on agriculture for its livelihood. The level of agricultural research investment has serious implications on agricultural productivity in India which, in turn, has a bearing on rural poverty. The present study attempts to analyse the inter-linkages amongst agricultural research investment, agricultural productivity and poverty at the national level. The results revealed that rural poverty was significantly and negatively influenced by the agricultural productivity at macro level. Agricultural research investment per ha and gross cropped area influenced the productivity of agricultural sector in the country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research investment; Productivity; Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44389

Towards the Development of Innovative Strategies for Traditional Food Chains in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molnar,   Adrienn; Gellynck,   Xavier; Vanhonacker,   Filiep; Verbeke,   Wim.
Organizations no longer compete as independent entities, but as chains (Christopher, 1998; Cox, 1999; Lambert, Cooper, 2000). Consequently, chain strategies became more important in creating competitive advantage (Vickery et al., 2003; Gunasekaran et al., 2004). Despite the growing recognition of the importance of chain strategies, many chains active in the agri‐business sector still face difficulties in developing common chain strategies and implementing them collaboratively to generate additional mutual gains and savings. Chains lacking a chain strategy and having short‐term perspectives face difficulties in envisaging and implementing cooperative solutions to problems they cannot manage alone. Despite this recognition, the actual development of such...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Chain goals; Consumer perceptions; Traditional food products; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91135

INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONING FOR THE DIVERSIFICATION PROCESS OF ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nemchenko,   Galina; Tokarev,   Yuriy.
Despite numerous appeals, since the beginning 1987, to diversify the economy of Russia, the aim is not achieved. The article argues that the diversification as a process lacks adequate institutional conditioning. Path-dependency provided stability to economic growth while the structure of economy remains mainly unchanged. Global financial crisis gives  an opportunity  to stir up discussion on diversification as driving factor of innovative development. The author believes that methodology and theory of constructing sustained and diversified productions is mechanically imported from foreign sources, regardless institutional realities of Russian market.  Considering all this, the paper suggests creating institutional framework capable to manage processes of...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification of economy; Institutional transformation; Path-dependency; Organizations.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O43; R11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94569

AN ERA OF CONFUSION: THE LAND GRANT RESEARCH AGENDA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Raper,   Kellie Curry.
The Land Grant College and University (LGCU) research system is in a state of confusion. Public research privatization, industry concentration, and balancing money and the Land Grant mission are issues LGCUs currently face. The ag-biotechnology revolution complicates these issues. This paper provides four mission related policy recommendations for the LGCU system. Keywords: Biotechnology, Land Grant Mission, Research
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Land Grant Mission; Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11559

Research Lags Revisited: Concepts and Evidence from U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Many researchers and commentators underestimate the length and importance of the time lags between initial research investment and ultimate impacts on the development and adoption of technological innovations. In both econometric studies of productivity and ex post and ex ante benefit-cost evaluations of research investments, researchers typically impose untested assumptions about the R&amp;D lag, which can have profound implications for the results. In this paper we present a range of evidence on agricultural R&amp;D lags including both aggregative analysis of U.S. agricultural productivity using time series data, and some specific details on the timelines for the research, development, and adoption processes for particular mechanical and biological...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50091

Multinational Technology Diffusion in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   John L.
This paper presents data on international technology diffusion of agricultural biotechnology. Patent family data, which identify related intellectual property in different countries with the same owner, represents technology flows between countries. Technology flows occur mostly between developed countries, and are similar for different types of entities (private, non-profit and university, government) that seek patent protection abroad. Technology diffusion through patent families is a significant predictor of international trade flows, which is consistent with several different models of trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49820

Parametric Decomposition of Output Growth: An Input-Distance Function Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karagiannis,   Giannis; Midmore,   Peter; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24972

The Sophistication and Diversification of the African Agricultural Sector: A Product Space Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badibanga,   Thaddee Mutumba; Ulimwengu,   John M.
We use the concept of the product space to analyze the key features of the transformation process in Africa with a focus on the agricultural sector. Between 1962 and 2008, we find that both specialization and diversification occur for the overall economy and across sectors. Our findings also confirm that the transformation of the African economy is driven primarily by the increasing specialization of nonagricultural exports. However, the transformation process is still moving more slowly than that of an emerging economy such as Brazil. The index of specialization of agricultural exports grew at a modest annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1962 and 2008, compared to 5.0 percent for nonagricultural exports and 4.1 percent for the overall economy. Although...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Structural transformation; Diversification; Sophistication; Growth; Export; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F19; O14; O33; O40.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124498

Challenges to Modernization of Agricultural Food Production Using Improved Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tho,   Kendi Mayenguas.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6989

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS RESULTING FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Price,   Gregory K.; Lin,   William W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin.
The purposes of this study are two-fold: (1) to estimate the size of total benefits arising from the adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and (2) to measure the distribution of total benefits among key stakeholders along the production and marketing chain, including U.S. farmers, gene developers, germplasm suppliers, U.S. consumers, and the producers and consumers in the rest of the world.  This study focuses on the benefits that resulted from the adoption of herbicide-tolerant soybeans as well as insect-resistant (Bt) and herbicide-tolerant cotton in 1997.  In this analysis, various data sources are examined for measuring the farm-level effects of adopting biotechnology and the resulting benefit estimates are compared.  The size and distribution of the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20681

Agent-Based Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis by Experimental Design and Metamodelling: An Application to Modelling Regional Structural Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Happe,   Kathrin.
This paper presents the application of the sensitivity analysis techniques Design of Experiments (DOE) and metamodelling to the agent-based model AgriPoliS, which is a spatial and dynamic simulation model of regional structural change. DOE and metamodelling provide a more systematic analysis of results of complex simulation models. When summarising the results, it becomes clear that interest rates, technical change and managerial ability influence average economic land rent the most.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Simulation; Design of experiments; Metamodelling; Structural change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C9; C15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24464

Science in Agricultural Relief and Development Programs:  The Case of Conservation Farming In Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazvimavi,   Kizito; Twomlow,   Steve; Murendo,   Conrad; Musitini,   Tawedzegwa.
Drought is endemic to southern Africa. In Zimbabwe farmers have been experiencing drought once every two to three years. Relief agencies have traditionally responded to drought by providing farmers with enough seed and fertilizer to enable them to re-establish their cropping enterprises. But, in the absence of these interventions there are limited sustainable options for farmers to maintain higher productivity levels.  ICRISAT has been working with government, NGOs and the donor community to test more sustainable farming strategies that will increase food production levels even under drought conditions. For years, ICRISAT sought to develop more drought-tolerant varieties of sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut. But these offered only limited gains in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Drought; Farmers; Relief; Zimbabwe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52129

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND THE RETURNS TO CONSUMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohr,   Graeme M.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9217

Market Forces, Plant Technology, and  Food Safety Technology Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ollinger,   Michael; Moore,   Danna L.
Economists (Ollinger and Mueller, 2003; Golan et al., 2004) have considered some of the economic forces, such as demands from major customers, that encourage plants to maintain food safety process control.  Other economists, such as Roberts (2005), have identified food safety technologies  that enable better control harmful pathogens.  However, economists have not put the two together.  The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of economic forces, including  firm effects and plant technology, customer demands, and  regulation, on food safety technology use.  Preliminary results suggest that customer demand has the greatest impact.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meat and poultry food safety; Food safety technologies; HACCP.; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9853

Global Welfare and Trade-Related Regulations of GM Food: Biosafety, Markets, and Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/22/10.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; International trade; Regulations; Political economics.; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q17; Q18; F50.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60897

OPTIMIZING THE ALLOCATION OF AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D FUNDING: IS WIN-WIN TARGETING POSSIBLE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roseboom,   Johannes; Diederen,   Paul; Kuyvenhoven,   Arie.
Appeals for targeting agricultural R&amp;D in developing countries more explicitly to the needs of poor smallholders in marginal areas are often countered by arguments of efficiency. Others, however, taking a political economy perspective, argue that there is a bias in the selection of agricultural R&amp;D projects towards commercial farmers in the better agricultural areas.  In this paper, we try to bring the two perspectives together and illustrate how they interact. We analyze R&amp;D budget allocation assuming two distinct R&amp;D opportunity curves – one for poor smallholders and one for large commercial farmers. We find that, in contrast to the actual allocation of research resources, an efficient allocation (i.e., equalizing the marginal rate of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25830

RISK MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL OF PRECISION FARMING TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
Initial ideas on risk management uses of precision agricultural technology focused on site-specific treatment of problem areas to reduce the probability of low yields and returns. Recent discussions deal with sensor and remote-sensing information to improve marketing and "as applied maps" as trace-back mechanisms to manage liability. A theoretical model is presented that suggests that there are plausible circumstances under which precision farming can reduce temporal yield variability. Empirical evidence from an on-farm trial of site-specific P&amp;K management in the Eastern Cornbelt supports the hypothesis that precision farming can have risk-reducing benefits.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food safety; GIS; GPS; Crop insurance; Marketing; Precision farming; Site specific management; Risk; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15366

Factors Influencing Adoption of Remotely Sensed Imagery for Site-Specific Management in Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larson,   James A.; Roberts,   Roland K.; English,   Burton C.; Larkin,   Sherry L.; Marra,   Michele C.; Martin,   Steven W.; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Reeves,   Jeanne M.
This research evaluated the factors that influenced cotton producers to adopt remote sensing for variable rate application of inputs.  Farmers who were younger, more highly educated, had a larger farm operation, and were more technologically savvy were more likely to have adopted remote sensing.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34971

Rural Community Participation, Social Networks, and Broadband Use: Examples from Localized and National Survey Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stern,   Michael J.; Adams,   Alison E.; Boase,   Jeffrey.
Although attention has been given to how broadband access is related to economic development in rural areas, scant consideration has been given to how it may be associated with voluntary participation. This issue is important in that numerous studies have shown how much more vital community participation is in rural areas as compared to suburban and urban places. Drawing on three diverse data sets, we examine the influence of broadband access on community participation. In addition, we explore whether broadband access exerts its influence through, in conjunction with, or independent of social networks. The results suggest that broadband access and social network size have independent effects on volunteering in rural places.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural sociology; Social networks; Broadband; Digital inequality; Volunteerism; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117769

Building an Agricultural Research for Development System in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mbabu,   Adiel N.; Ochieng,   Cosmas M.O.
This paper discusses how impact-oriented agricultural research for development systems in Africa can be better organized and managed. Specifically, the paper puts forth the argument that achieving the development targets set by African leaders and the international community, for example, through the Millennium Development Goals, will be extremely difficult without a satisfactory re-orientation of the organization and management of African research for development systems. Such a re-orientation involves carefully linking the agricultural research agenda with national development priorities; improving coordination, interaction, interlinkages, partnerships, and networks among system agents—that is, agricultural research institutes, extension systems, higher...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research for development; Organization and management of agricultural research; Africa; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56124

Uncertain R&amp;D, Backstop Technology and GHGs Stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper analyses optimal investments in innovation when dealing with a stringent climate target and with the uncertain effectiveness of R&amp;D. The innovation needed to achieve the deep cut in emissions is modelled by a backstop carbon-free technology whose cost depends on R&amp;D investments. To better represent the process of technological progress, we assume that R&amp;D effectiveness is uncertain. By means of a simple analytical model, we show how accounting for the uncertainty that characterizes technological advancement yields higher investments in innovation and lower policy costs. We then confirm the results via a numerical analysis performed with a stochastic version of WITCH, an energy-economy-climate model. The results stress the importance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12048

THE USE OF BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEMS (B.B.S.) IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROCESSES; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Marco,   Tommaso; Bustaffa,   Roberto.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14466

Maize in China: Production Systems, Constraints, and Research Priorities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meng,   Erika C.H.; Hu,   Ruifa; Shi,   Xiaohua; Zhang,   Shihuang.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7648

Priority Setting for Public-Sector Agricultural Research in Mozambique with the National Agricultural Survey Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walker,   Thomas S.; Pitoro,   Raul; Tomo,   Alda; Sitoe,   Isabel; Salencia,   Celestino; Mahanzule,   Rosalina; Donovan,   Cynthia; Mazuze,   Feliciano M.
Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique;  Directorate of Training, Documentation, and Technology Transfer
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Priority setting; Mozambique; Rice; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56113

Response to an Asymmetric Demand for Attributes: An Application to the Market for Genetically Modified Crops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
A framework is developed for examining the price and welfare effects of the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops. In the short run, non-GM grain generally becomes another niche product. However, more profound market effects are observed under some reasonable parameterizations. In the long run, consumer and producer welfare are usually greater after the introduction of GM technology. Nevertheless, in all instances some consumers and some producers lose. When identity preservation is expensive and cost savings are relatively small, both producer and consumer welfare are lower after introducing GM technology. Interestingly, this outcome is obtained even though all agents are individually rational.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric demand; Consumer response; Genetically modified (GM) crops; Market response; Non-GM crops; Price signals; Welfare analysis; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18699

SELECTIVE BREEDING, HERITABLE CHARACTERISTICS AND GENETIC-BASED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN THE CANADIAN BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   William A.
The paper presents an examination of genetic-based technological change in the Canadian beef cattle industry.  A model of technological change is explicitly developed in characteristics space.  Production functions with genetic characteristics as arguments are estimated and two forms of technological change identified.  Shadow values for characteristics are then calculated and actual genetic improvements are compared to the improvements suggested by the shadow prices.  It is concluded that market forces are sufficient to regulate the process of genetic-based technological change in the Canadian beef cattle industry.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32362

THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN CHINESE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ON WORLD FEED GRAIN TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Fang,   Cheng.
Using household survey data from seven provinces in China, this study provides estimates of the price responsiveness of feed demand by traditional and specialized household pork and poultry producers.  Estimated elasticities are used to simulate the impacts of structural change in China's livestock industry on feed grain trade.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: China; Feed Demand; Grain Trade; Technological Change; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21551

The Niger Food Crisis: Causes and Implications for Research and Development from an Integrated Agricultural Economics Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abele,   Steffen; Twine,   Edgar.
During the 2004 food crisis in Niger, the weakness of the main production system, millet, to produce enough food to sustain short term crises, has been revealed. Questions arise how the Nigerian smallholder systems can be assisted by research and development policies to intensify production and improve food security. The paper assesses technical options according to their economic sustainability. A sequence of models is applied: On plot level, production functions of inter cropping systems were estimated to determine yields and their variability of the major crops. These data were fed in a nonlinear program to test the inn ovations, first at stable prices, then at declining prices that were obtained from an interregional trade model. The latter was shocked...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food security; Niger; Small scale farming; Risk management; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; Q01; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25557

SOCIAL RATES OF RETURN TO PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND THE UNDERINVESTMENT HYPOTHESIS: AN AGNOSTIC VIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fox,   Glenn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14054

TEMPROB: A Fortran IV Program for Calculating Temperature Probabilities from Extreme Minimum Temperature Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sporleder,   Thomas L.
Texas Valley Citrus Committee
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: TEMPROB; Temperature; Probabilities; Minimum; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96143

INTRAHOUSEHOLD IMPACT OF THE TRANSFER OF MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naved,   Ruchira Tabassum.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15933

Modeling Agricultural Innovation in a Rapidly Developing Country:  The Case of Chinese Pesticide Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Pray,   Carl E.
Technology and innovation play an increasingly important role in the economic development of both developed and developing countries. We investigate how policy and market factors influence firms’ (or other potential innovators’) decisions on innovation or imitation by developing a conceptual model and then empirically testing it using pesticide innovation data from a rapidly developing country, China. We find that the government encouraged local innovation by opening regions to more international trade, more investment in public research and education, strengthening intellectual property right (IPR) enforcement, and limiting the role of foreign inventors. However, the role of the extension of patent life in the early 1990s has little impact. Theory and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Pesticide; China; Patent; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O34; O38.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103744

BUNDLING AND LICENSING OF GENES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming.
This paper examines the strategic incentive for gene holders to vertically integrate with seed companies, and with herbicide/insecticide oligopolies, given the unique institutional structure and relevant market in agricultural biotechnology. We model the case with homogeneous basic seeds, and investigate both pre-entry and post-entry equilibrium.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19913

Impact of the New Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA) on Multi-Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) Gain and Loss Probabilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergara,   Oscar; Seaquist,   Jack; Zuba,   Gerhard; Harrigan,   Matthew; Lee,   Eric.
We utilize an agricultural model that uses crop/weather relationships at the county resolution and fits robust distributions that take into account the impact that weather has on crop production. Once the crop insurance policy conditions and prices are applied to the modeled county yield distributions, the portfolio gain and losses can be calculated by aggregating the gain and losses at the county level, state level, regional level and nationwide level. Portfolio losses are computed under the old and new SRA rules and regulations for comparison purposes.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: SRA; MPCI; Crop insurance; Stochastic model; Weather peril; Probabilities; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; C; Q.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103282