SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kancs, d'Artis; Ciaian, Pavel.

In this paper we study the determinants of the factor content of the CEE agricultural trade. Examining empirically three hypothesis, which relate cross-country differences in technology, relative factor abundance and transaction costs and market imperfections to the factor content of trade, we find that the first two hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the developed EU countries, but rejected by roughly one half of the CEE transition country pairs. Second, we find that when accounting for transaction costs of farm (re)organisation, both hypotheses are confirmed by the majority of the CEE country pairs. These findings provide empirical evidence of market imperfections, and particularly, of transaction costs of farm (re)organisation in the CEE.

International Interlinkages of Biofuel Prices: The Role of Biofuel Policies

Palavras-chave: Factor content; Bilateral trade; Relative factor abundance; Technological differences; Agriculture; Transaction costs; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51429

Rajcaniova, Miroslava; Drabik, Dusan; Ciaian, Pavel.

Based on their theoretical predictions, Kliauga, de Gorter, and Just (2008) and de Gorter, Drabik, and Just (2010) argue that the United States and the European Union establish the world ethanol and biodiesel prices, respectively. We test these theories using cointegration analysis and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model. Weekly price series are analyzed for the major global biofuel producers (European Union, United States, and Brazil) for the period 2002 – 2010. Polices in the United States and Brazil appear to play an equal role in determining ethanol prices in other countries, thus only partially confirming the theoretical predictions. For biodiesel, our results demonstrate that the EU mandate impacts the world biodiesel price and thus they confirm...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the Kyrgyz Republic

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Biofuel polices; Price leadership; VEC; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C32; Q16; Q17; Q47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114786

Christensen, Garry; Pomfret, Richard.

World Rice Outlook International Rice Baseline Projections, 2011-2020

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48361

Wailes, Eric J.; Chavez, Eddie C..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: International rice; Baseline projections; Policy; Arkansas Global Rice Model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; C02; F01; F14; F17; Q17; Q18; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112998

Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production

Saunders, Caroline M.; Wreford, Anita.

Links between trade and the environment have aroused considerable interest, both in terms of the impact of trade liberalisation on the environment, and also the impact of environmental policy on production and trade. A key environmental concern is global warming. The agricultural sector both contributes to, and will be affected by, climate change. Various mitigation strategies have been proposed for agriculture, including a limit on animal numbers, and restrictions on Nitrogen fertiliser application. The effects of these mitigation options on production, trade and emissions are analysed in this paper, using a partial equilibrium, agricultural multi-country, multi-commodity trade model, extended to include production systems and GHG emissions.

Agricultural and Food Security Policy Analysis in Central America: Assessing Local Institutional Capacity, Data Availability, and Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Agricultural production system; Greenhouse gas emissions; Partial equilibrium trade model; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q17.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58273

Tschirley, David L.; Flores, Luis; Mather, David.

Performance of the agricultural sector in developing countries is fundamental to ensuring robust and equitable economic growth and broad-based food security. Yet donor support to agricultural development in developing countries has declined continuously for 30 years. This same period saw dramatic deterioration in developing countries’ institutional capacity to provide services to their agricultural sectors. These trends may now be changing, due in part to the global food price crisis of 2007 and 2008 and concerns that it unleashed about the world’s ability to feed its poorest inhabitants. This paper reports on the results of a two week trip to Guatemala and Nicaragua made by Michigan State University’s Food Security Group. The purpose of the trip was to...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food Security; Guatemala; Nicaragua; Food policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q12; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90991

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India

Pursell, Garry; Gulati, Ashok; Gupta, Kanupriya.

TARIFF RATE IMPORT QUOTAS, DOMESTIC MARKET STRUCTURE AND AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM: THE CASE OF TAIWANESE RICE IMPORT

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48483

Chang, Hung-Hao; de Gorter, Harry.

After joining the WTO in 2002, Taiwan allowed rice imports for the first time by implementing an import quota subject to a special safeguard tariff. In 2003, the import quota was expanded to a two-tier tariff rate import quota system. Although Taiwan maintained land set-asides and domestic support prices for producer sales to the State Trading Enterprise, the latter was limited to importing only 65 percent of the import quota with the rest sold to private traders. This sudden transformation of the Taiwanese import regime and rice market along with the government proposal for a "strategic alliance" amongst traders highlights the importance of studying the effects of policy reforms in the framework of imperfect domestic market structure. The purpose of...

Trade and Intellectual Property Rights in the Agricultural Seed Sector

Palavras-chave: Tariff rate quota; Strategic alliance; Domestic support; Market structure; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36274

Eaton, Derek J.F..

The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) has continued to be fiercely debated between North and South, particularly with respect to its provisions for the agricultural sector. Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement requires WTO member countries to offer some form of intellectual property protection for new plant varieties, either in the form of patents (common in the U.S.) or plant breeder’s rights (PBR). This paper analyses the effects of the introduction of PBRs in almost 70 importing countries on the value of exports of agricultural seeds and planting material from 10 exporting EU countries, including all principal traditional exporters of seeds, as well as the US. A fixed effects quantile regression model, based on...

Do Consumers Really Care about Biotech Food Label? What Do We Know? What Else Should We Know?

Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Trade; Agriculture; Plant breeding; Quantile regression; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Q16; Q17; F13; F14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51782

Chen, Xi; Zhong, Funing; Zhou, Bin.

This paper is Selected for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, January 31-February 3, 2009. The research is partially funded by ERS/USDA China Project and Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province in China. The authors are grateful for comments from Dr. William Lin and Dr. Francis Tuan at ERS/USDA, and Prof. Loren Tauer at Cornell University. All errors are those of the authors.

An Economy-wide Analysis of Impacts on Taiwan of Reducing Tariff Escalation on Agriculture-Related Products in WTO Doha Round Negotiations

Palavras-chave: Biotech labeling; Actual sales data; Household survey data; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty; Q13; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46198

Lee, Huey-Lin; Chang, Ching-Cheng; Weng, Yung-Ho; Hsu, Sheng-Ming; Hsu, Shih-Hsun.

Tariff escalation becomes one of the major issues in the new Doha Round negotiation because it is viewed as a stumbling block to the industrialization development for the developing countries. When tariffs on products escalate with the stage of processing, the effective rate of protection, or the tariff expressed as fractions of value-added after deducting intermediate inputs from product value, also increases. Thus, tariff escalation potentially signals high rates of protection for value-added or processed products, and can inhibit international trade in these goods. The major purpose of this study is to examine the degrees of tariff escalations in Taiwan's agriculture -related commodities and the economic consequences to reduce them. A simplified...

Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions: The Literature to Date

Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Tariff wedge; Computable general equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade; F13; C68; Q17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6170

Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives.

Explaining Inefficient Policy Instruments

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; P16; P26.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50308

de Gorter, Harry.

Seafood Import Demand in the Caribbean Region

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48638

Nguyen, Giap V.; Jolly, Curtis M..

Cointegration analysis and an Error Correction Model are used to estimate aggregate seafood import demand functions for selected Caribbean countries. The results show that seafood import demand is price elastic. Exchange rate has a negative effect on seafood import quantity. Income and tourist arrivals have positive impacts on seafood imports. Seafood import negatively affects domestic fishery production. Tariff and production support policies reduce seafood imports, and enhance domestic production. Both policies increase producer surplus, but a tariff reduces consumer surplus, and a production expansion policy increases consumer surplus. A production expansion subsidy is a more appropriate policy instrument than a tariff for small open economies,...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Mexico

Palavras-chave: Seafood; Import demand; Cointegration; Economic surplus; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q22; C32.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56479

Soloaga, Isidro; Lara, Gabriel.

Drivers of Demand for Imported Horticultural Commodities: A Cross-Country Comparison

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48432

Rickard, Bradley J.; St. Pierre, Christine M.; Becker, Gabriel M..

International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet relatively little research has studied import patterns of key horticultural crops. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we find that import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our results show that the determinants of import demand differed across the selected crops, and therefore information can be lost if data for horticultural commodities are aggregated.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Emerging markets; Horticultural commodities; Import demand; International trade; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q10; Q13; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53749

Agricultural Price Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in the Philippines

Cororaton, Caesar B.; Corong, Erwin L.; Cockburn, John.

This paper analyzes the poverty and inequality implications of removing agricultural and non-agricultural price distortions in the domestic market of the Philippines and abroad. Liberalization in the rest of the world is poverty and inequality reducing, whereas full domestic liberalization increases national poverty and inequality. Poverty declines while inequality increases marginally in the combined scenario of both global and domestic agriculture reform. Although the reduction in the national poverty headcount is small in the latter scenario, the poorest of the poor – particularly those living in the rural areas – emerge as “winners”, given their strong reliance on agricultural production and unskilled labor wages.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52790

Athukorala, Prema-chandra; Huong, Pham Lan; Thanh, Vo Tri.

Alternative Market Access Scenarios in the Agricultural Trade Negotiations of the Doha Round

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48475

Antimiani, Alessandro; Conforti, Piero; Salvatici, Luca.

The paper explores an important issue in multilateral agricultural trade negotiations, namely the approach taken to reduce tariffs, simulating possible liberalization scenarios. The analysis is based on the model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), and on the related version 6.0 database. Scenarios are run on a 2013 baseline, built by taking into account a number of events that have affected (and will further affect) world agricultural markets up to that period, focusing on the effects that are specifically attributable to further trade liberalization in the Doha Round. The policy strategies analyzed are two hypothetical liberalization scenarios in terms of market access and export competition, plus a free agricultural trade benchmark scenario....

Regulatory SPS instruments in meat trade

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18878

Schlueter, Simon W.; Wieck, Christine; Heckelei, Thomas.

Policy makers have to choose between different potentially risk-reducing instruments regulating agri-food trade. Analysing the meat sector, the paper aims at identifying least trade distorting regulations for different policy goals relevant to the SPS agreement. For this purpose, a non-linear gravity model is estimated by Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood and applied to a panel data set at HS 4-digit level. Regulations are distinguished by a frequency approach allowing to identify the least trade distorting regulation for each policy objective. The results suggest significant differences of trade impacts between types of sanitary regulations.