SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Agricultural Development in Traditional Asian Economies: Observations Prompted by a Livestock Study in Vietnam

Chikwama, Cornilius.

This study examines the widely held view that earnings from rural wage employment can help farm households overcome constraints on farm investments. It uses a panel dataset of 359 randomly selected farm households from three resettlement areas in Zimbabwe over the period 1996/97 to 1998/99. It finds no evidence to support the hypothesis that income from rural wage employment contributes towards increasing farm investment for the sampled households, and it attributes this to very low savings rates on rural wage employment income. Further, it finds that levels of farm investment increase with the amount of labor and land used in farm production in the previous year, and for households with male and/or older household heads. It also finds an inverse relation...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural off-farm wage employment; Farm investment; Agricultural development; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O18; J40; R20.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93874

Tisdell, Clement A..

China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred in the agricultural sectors of China and Vietnam and these are reviewed. In both countries, the livestock sector has grown in relative importance. Households are the main contributors to agricultural production but their individual holdings of land are small and households keeping livestock mostly only...

Marketing margins and agricultural technology in Mozambique

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Asia; China; Economic transition; Farm employment; Land reforms; Land rights; Livestock; Non-farm employment; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q15; Q18; O2.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90629

Arndt, Channing; Jensen, Henning Tarp; Robinson, Sherman; Tarp, Finn.

"July 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). Published as Arndt, Channing, Jensen, Henning Tarp, Robinson, Sherman, Tarp, Finn. 2000. Marketing margins and agricultural technology in Mozambique. Journal of Development Studies 37(1): 121-137.

O PAPEL DA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL: UMA PROPOSTA DE AGENDA PARA A PESQUISA A PARTIR DAS DIMENSÕES DE GÊNERO E RAÇA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR

Palavras-chave: Rice -- Prices -- Models; Agricultural development; Marketing; Technology; Mozambique; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97537

Cruz, Kelma Christina Melo Dos Santos.

Este artigo propõe uma agenda de pesquisa para a educação do campo, adotando um recorte de gênero e raça. Observa-se a presença das comunidades quilombolas no meio rural brasileiro, refletindo sobre o lugar ocupado pelas mulheres nesse contexto. Para a elaboração deste trabalho foram utilizados procedimentos pré-definidos de pesquisa e informações oficiais de diversos órgãos públicos que possuem ações voltadas ao etnodesenvolvimento, incluindo o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário - MDA, a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial - SEPPIR, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente - MMA, o Ministério da Educação - MEC e o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome - MDS. --------------------------------------------------------This...

Maize-Rice Cropping Systems in Bangladesh: Status and Research Opportunities

Palavras-chave: Mulheres quilombolas; Políticas públicas; Desenvolvimento rural; Women quilombolas; Public politics; Agricultural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109534

Ali, M. Yusuf; Waddington, Stephen R.; Hodson, Dave P.; Timsina, J.; Dixon, John.

Responding to demand from expanding poultry feed markets, maize area in Bangladesh rose from only a few thousand hectares in the 1980s to more than 200,000 hectares in 2007-08. This publication describes the rise of maize in Bangladesh, emerging problems or risks, technology options for rice-maize systems, and future research and development needs. It also outlines the role of CIMMYT, through its Bangladesh office, in the establishment and promotion of maize, as well as the provision of germplasm and capacity building for researchers and farmers, in collaboration with the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), and diverse non-governmental organizations.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Maize; Rice; Cropping patterns and systems; Agricultural development; Planting date; Technology transfer; Yield increases; Bangladesh; Crop Production/Industries; F08; E10.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56106

VERTICAL COORDINATION OF MARKETING SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM THE POULTRY, EGG, AND PORK INDUSTRIES

Economic Assessment of Selected Resource Management Techniques in Marginal Upland Agriculture: Case Studies of China

Martinez, Stephen W..

The economic development of South Korea is often considered a model for developing countries. We use 1975 and 1990 data in a general equilibrium framework with a highly disaggregated sector specification to evaluate the opportunity cost of its agricultural protection. We show that although agriculture's share of the gross domestic product (GDP) declined between 1975 and 1990, the cost of agricultural protection, as measured by the loss in GDP, did not fall. The larger gap between domestic and world prices for the protected sectors exacerbated the distortions in resource allocation. Simulated removal of 1990 agricultural border protection reduced the share of agricultural GDP to the level actually observed in 1996, demonstrating how protection can impede...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: South Korea; Food policy; Agricultural development; Computable general equilibrium; Protectionism; Trade liberalization; Rural development; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34051

Hongxing, Ni; Shuzhong, Gu.

This case study was designed as an economic assessment of selected resource management techniques for marginal upland agriculture to suggest directions for sustainable resource management. For the China case, it economically assesses the effect of terracing - the most important technology for improving productivity and managing resources in Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Sustainable agriculture; Terrace cropping; Farm Management.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32663

Using Rural Household Income Survey Data to Inform Poverty Analysis: An Example from Mozambique

Walker, Thomas S.; Boughton, Duncan; Tschirley, David L.; Pitoro, Raul; Tomo, Alda.

This paper demonstrates that income survey data can be very informative in explaining the variation across households in the incidence and severity of absolute poverty using a rural household income data set for Mozambique. Results from regression analysis of the sources of variation are used to simulate the impact of alternative agricultural interventions or strategies on rural poverty. Complementarities in the insights gained from consumption expenditure and income surveys may justify the collection and analysis of both types of information, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the one region of the world where the incidence of poverty is increasing.

Harnessing the Forces of Urban Expansion - The Public Economics of Farmland Development Allowance

Palavras-chave: Poverty analysis; Household income surveys; Agricultural development; Millenium Development Goals; Mozambique; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; C21; I3; O13; O2; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25676

Chau, Nancy H.; Zhang, Weiwen.

For decades, rapid urban expansion has led to concerns over the loss of cultivated land in rural China. This contrasts sharply with another salient feature of the Chinese land policy reform landscape that has gone on largely unnoticed - the addition of newly cultivated land in China through land development has consistently exceeded land conversion. In a model featuring fiscal decentralization, local governments as custodians of land use and development, along with a land development allowance policy instituted in 1998, we show that a land development allowance policy can harness the forces of urban expansion to encourage agricultural land development.

Impact of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems

Palavras-chave: Land development allowance; Fiscal decentralization; Inter-jurisdictional competition; Agricultural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H11; H77; P35; R5; R14; O18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99416

Laxmi, Vijay; Erenstein, Olaf; Gupta, Raj K..

To date, the most widely adopted resource conserving technology (RCT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)has been zero-tillage (ZT) for wheat after rice, particularly in India. This report reviews and synthesizes the experience with zero tillage in the Indian IGP. Zero tillage of wheat after rice generates significant benefits at the farm level, both in terms of significant yield gains (6–10%, particularly due to timelier planting of wheat) and cost savings (5–10%, particularly tillage savings). These benefits explain the widespread interest of farmers and the rapidity of the diffusion across the Indian IGP, further aided by the wide applicability of this mechanical innovation. The study subsequently reports on the findings of village-level focus-group...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Rice; Agricultural development; Zero tillage; Farming systems; Rotational cropping; Water use; Environmental factors; Production costs; India; Crop Production/Industries; E16; F08.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56093

Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Indochina: Lessons from East Asia

Bautista, Romeo M..

"September 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-27).

Are poor, remote areas left behind in agricultural development: the case of Tanzania

Palavras-chave: East Asia -- Economic conditions; Poverty.; Exports -- East Asia; Agricultural development; Vietnam; Viet Nam; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97534

Minot, Nicholas.

In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,...

Trends in Vietnam's Pork Supply and Structural Features of its Pig Sector

Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829

Tisdell, Clement A..

Pork is the single most important source of animal protein in Vietnam and its availability has a substantial impact on the well-being of the Vietnamese. Since 1996, the local supply and per capita availability of pork in Vietnam have increased substantially. The trends in and sources of this growth in supply are identified by analysing official statistics. Differences in regional supply of pork are also identified, as well as regional variations in pork yields. Vietnam’s pork industry relies on many small-scale household producers for the bulk of its pork supply. The structure of the sector is investigated and found to be altering slowly – a slight increase in scale of production units has been occurring. The rate of growth in Vietnam’s supply of pork has...

Performance of Smallholder Agriculture Under Limited Mechanization and the Fast Track Land Reform Program in Zimbabwe

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural economics; Agricultural policy; Economic performance; Pork yields; Vietnam; Vietnam’s pig sector; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90623

Obi, Ajuruchukwu; Chisango, Future Fortune T..

www.ifama.org

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural mechanization; Fast track land reform; Agricultural development; Stochastic Frontier model; Technical efficiency; Agribusiness management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117605

Organic Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings From a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders

Spielman, David J.; Davis, Kristin E.; Negash, Martha; Gezahegn, Ayele.

Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing the ways in which information and knowledge are used by smallholders. While this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector from an innovation systems perspective to understand the changing roles, responsibilities, and interactions of diverse actors in relation to smallholder livelihoods. The paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research tools to paint a picture of the innovation landscape at both the system and local levels....

Non-Governmental Organizations in Agricultural Development: Preliminary Survey Results

Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural development; Innovation; Technology; Social networks; Social learning; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52096

Bingen, R. James; Mpyisi, Edson.

Food Security Research Project (FSRP) and Division of Agricultural Statistics (DSA) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources and Forestry, MINAGRI

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Rwanda; Non-governmental organizations; Agricultural development; International Development; Q18.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55123

Adoption and Impacts of Zero-Tillage in the Rice-Wheat Zone of Irrigated Punjab, Pakistan

Farooq, Umar; Sharif, Muhammad; Erenstein, Olaf.

This study documents the adoption and impacts of zero-tillage (ZT) wheat in the ricewheat systems of Pakistan’s Punjab province primarily drawing on a detailed empirical survey of 458 rice-wheat farmers. Our random stratified sample revealed 19% to be ZT wheat adopters and a similar share of the wheat area in the surveyed communities to be under ZT. The study suggests that diffusion has stagnated and also flags the issue of disadoption (14%). ZT adopters, non-adopters, and disadopters differ significantly in terms of their resource bases, with adopters typically showing the most favorable values. ZT drastically reduces tractor operations in farmers’ ZT wheat fields from an average of 8 passes to a single pass, implying a saving of 7 tractor hours and 35...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Rice; Agricultural development; Drilling equipment; Economic analysis; Innovation adoption; Farming systems; Cropping patterns; Production costs; Zero tillage; Pakistan; Crop Production/Industries; E16; F08.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56095

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Developing Irrigation and Water Conservancy in New Era

Navigating the Perfect Storm: Reflections on the Food, Energy, and Financial Crises

Qiao, Na.

This paper expounds the great significance of irrigation and water conservancy for the agricultural development. Vigorously developing irrigation and water conservancy can promote high yield and stable yield of grain, effectively increase farmers' income, alleviate the impact of drought on agricultural production, be conducive to the adjustment of agricultural production structure, and promote county economic development. The difficulties of developing irrigation and water conservancy in new era are analyzed as follows: the subject of liabilities defaults seriously: it lacks effective input security system; the quality of project degenerates badly; the agricultural technological development is slow Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Irrigation and water conservancy; Difficulties; Agricultural development; Countermeasures; China; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118290

Headey, Derek D.; Malaiyandi, Sangeetha; Fan, Shenggen.

The closely interlinked food, fuel and financial crises pose a significant new challenge to the global effort to reduce poverty. In short run, the oil-biofuels nexus was clearly the driving force behind the surge in food prices, but export restrictions and panic purchases turned a tightened market situation into a crisis. New evidence reveals that food prices rose sharply in many countries, and that global poverty levels have increased markedly. The good news is that the supply response in many countries was strong. The impacts of the financial crisis on poor countries have yet to fully roll out, but it is clear that additional people will fall into poverty and become food insecure. Lastly, the global food system is fundamentally changing in a number of...