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| Registros recuperados: 1.789 | |
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| Foley, Mark C.. |
| Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, Russia experienced a series of economic shocks, resulting in large decreases in output but limited change in employment. Using information contained in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Russian citizens, this research analyzes the labor market behavior of individuals from 1992 to 1996 during the transition to a market economy. Under Markovian assumptions, the pattern of transitions between labor market states is identified. Results indicate that the state sector has declined, but that the emerging private sector has played a limited role in alleviating growing unemployment. The probability of losing a job increased 75 percent from 1992 to 1996 while the re-employment... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor market dynamics; Economic transition; Russia; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28534 |
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| Linde-Rahr, Martin. |
| Due to market imperfections and sexual division of labour, this paper takes interest in gender specific values of agricultural labour products (or shadow wages) and the problem of aggregating agricultural production activities. The paper analyses two farming systems instead of using an aggregated agricultural harvest under the presumption that households are restricted in choosing crop patterns and consequently limited in their allocation of labour. The farming systems differ in the level of diversification over crops where a limited number of households are able to engage in the more diversified system (two crops: rice and sugar cane) while other households are restricted to cultivate only one of the two (rice). These circumstances are likely to be... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20487 |
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| Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant. |
| We estimate the effects of higher quality healthcare usage on health, labor supply and schooling outcomes for sick individuals in Tanzania. Using exogenous variation in the cost of formal sector healthcare to predict treatment choice, we show that using better quality care improves health outcomes and changes the allocation of time amongst productive activities. In particular, sick adults who receive better quality care reallocate time from non-farm to farm labor, leaving total labor hours unchanged. Among sick children, school attendance significantly increases as a result of receiving higher quality healthcare, but labor allocations are unaffected. We interpret these results as evidence that healthcare has heterogeneous effects on marginal productivity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor supply; Health shocks; Schooling; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; J22; J43; O12. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107260 |
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| Lamb, Russell L.; Worthington, Mark. |
| In this paper, we use data from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) survey of households in Burkina Faso, to assess market efficiency. Two methods based on testable implications of the Agricultural Household Model (AHM) are used. The first is based on the observation that if markets clear at prevailing prices, the household labor allocation will be such that shadow wages equate to market wages... The second looks for significance of household structural parameters on labor demand ... The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we provide a brief review of the Agricultural Household Model, highlighting the effect of market failure on separability and the role of shadow prices. Section... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22079 |
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| Huffman, Sonya Kostova. |
| This paper examines family welfare and labor force participation of families potentially eligible for the new Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program in the Midwest region. High wage rates and low unemployment rates decrease the probability of welfare participation. For these low-wealth families, labor supply is shown to be highly responsive to the wage rate. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18533 |
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| Robinson, Chris; McMahon, Pat J.; Quiggin, John C.. |
| Off-farm employment has become increasingly important as an aspect of resource adjustment and a source of income in Australian agriculture. However, it is surprising that there is a paucity of work on this topic reported in the agricultural economics literature. Therefore, we have drawn upon recent developments in labour economics in order to investigate off-farm employment in Australia. A conceptual model of the allocation of a farmer's labour between farm and off-farm work is developed and applied to cross-sectional data from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey. A Tobit maximum likelihood procedure is utilised to test the influences of the life cycle, level of human capital, wealth, non-wage income and farm income on the off-farm... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1982 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23051 |
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| Nehring, Richard F.; Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge; Banker, David E.. |
| While the growing importance of off-farm earnings suggests large benefits accrue to farmers from efforts to expand off-farm income opportunities, survival still depends on greater efficiency. To comprehensively gauge the economic health of farm operator households we interpret off-farm income as an output along with corn, soybeans, livestock, and other crops. To accomplish this task we use two related methodologies. First, using 2000 data, we setup a multiactivity cost function to analyze labor allocation decisions within the farm operator household and also to estimate returns to scale and scope. Second, using 1996-2000 data, we follow an input distance function approach to estimate returns to scale, technical progress, cost economies, and technical... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19763 |
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| Guinnane, Timothy W.; Moehling, Carolyn M.; Grada, Cormac O. |
| Ireland's relatively late and feeble fertility transition remains poorly-understood. The leading explanations stress the role of Catholicism and a conservative social ethos. This paper reports the first results from a project that uses new samples from the 1911 census of Ireland to study fertility in Dublin and Belfast. Our larger project aims to use the extensive literature on the fertility transition elsewhere in Europe to refine and test leading hypotheses in their Irish context. The present paper uses a sample from the Dublin suburb of Pembroke to take a first look at the questions, data, and methods. This sample is much larger than those used in previous studies of Irish fertility, and is the first from an urban area. We find considerable support for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Ireland; Fertility; Demography; Labor and Human Capital; J1; N3. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28434 |
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| Registros recuperados: 1.789 | |
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