SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Huang, Fung-Mey; Luh, Yir-Hueih.

The emphasis of education as a driving force for the growth of agricultural productivity can be dated back to the early 1960s. However, most empirical work failed to take into account of the fact that production technology changes with time and consequently obscure the true contribution of education in agricultural production. This study presents a more efficient version to testing the hypothesis that education plays a key role in agricultural development using a switching regression model. Because farmers’ ability to deal with disequilibria is allowed to change with education in the present setting, a concrete evidence of the key role of education is provided in the empirical analysis of eight East Asian countries. The results suggest that there exists a...

Village inequality in Western China: implications for development strategy in lagging regions

Palavras-chave: East Asian agricultural growth; Education; Switching regression; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; O47; O57.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50928

Village Inequality in Western China

Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Xiaobo.

Increased regional inequality has been a major concern in many emerging economies like China, India, Vietnam and Thailand. However, even a large inequality is observed within the lagging regions. The objective of this paper is to look into what are the sources of within region inequality using the community surveys and a census type of households in Western China. This snapshot view of inequality within and between rural villages in western China is based on a census-type household survey in three administrative villages and a sampling survey of 286 natural villages in the poor province of Guizhou in 2004. In contrast to coastal regions, nonfarm income is distributed unevenly in this inland western region. This accounts for the largest share of overall...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H54; O47; O53; R11.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55403

Xing, Li; Fan, Shenggen; Luo, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Xiaobo.

China's Capital and Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources

Palavras-chave: Rural Development; Poverty; Inequality; Public investment; H54; O47; O53; R11; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25390

Li, Kui-Wai.

This paper constructs China's capital stock, which is used in conjunction with a labor variable to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function for the Chinese economy. Two panels of data are used one for capital formation and one for sources of investment finance. Both national and provincial data are used for these two panels, thus giving a total of four capital-stock series. The Cobb-Douglas estimates show that China's total factor productivity was about 3.4 percent in the post-reform years. Productivity of coastal provinces is higher than inner provinces. Among the various sources of investment finance, foreign direct investment is more efficient than state-funded capital stock.

Factor-Augmenting Technical Change: An Empirical Assessment

Palavras-chave: China economic reform; Provincial growth and productivity; Financial resources; Financial Economics; O47.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28469

De Cian, Enrica.

Starting from a system of factor demands, an empirical model that allows estimating factor-augmenting technical change is derived. Factor-augmenting technical change is defined as the improvement in factor productivities that can occur either exogenously or endogenously, with changes in other macroeconomic variables. This paper provides additional estimates for the substitution possibilities among inputs and it offers new empirical evidence on the direction and sources of factor-augmenting technical change, an issue that has not yet been explored by the empirical literature on growth determinants. The empirical findings suggest that technical change is directed. Technical change tends to be more energy-saving than capital- and labour-saving. Both R&D...

THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ON GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION: SIMULATIONS WITH A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR EGYPT

Palavras-chave: Factor-Augmenting Technical Change; Technology Spillovers; Panel Data; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C3; O47; Q55; Q56.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50403

El-Said, Moataz; Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman.

Addressing longer-term issues of economic development in Egypt, the paper employs a dynamically recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the outcomes associated with two types of development approaches over the period 1998-2012. One is a targeted sector development approach, and the second is a more broad-based development approach. Under the first development approach technological advancement is separately targeted to three sectors: agriculture, food processing, and textiles. Each sectoral choice is intended to represent alternative development strategies which we label (i) agricultural-demand- led industrialization (ADLI); (ii) food-processing-based (FOOD); and (iii) textile-based industrialization (TEXTILE). Under the second...

Convergence in Agriculture: Evidence from the European Regions

Palavras-chave: Atkinson inequality index; CGE; Egypt; Growth; Income distribution; SAM; Theil index; International Development; C68; D31; D33; D58; O47; O53.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16311

Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007: An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models

Alexiadis, Stilianos.

Although there have been numerous studies on regional convergence, agriculture has received far less attention. In this study, the intention is to augment the existing literature by testing for convergence in agricultural productivity among the EU-26 regions. A low rate of absolute convergence is estimated over the period 1995-2004 whilst evidence of club convergence is apparent.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Absolute and Club Convergence; Agriculture; European Union Regions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q10; O47; C2.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118866

Xu, Wan; Lambert, Dayton M..

Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000–2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Business establishment growth; Smooth transition models; Spatial processes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C51; O47; R11.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113517

Links among Farm Productivity, Off-Farm Work, and Farm Size in the Southeast

Yee, Jet; Ahearn, Mary Clare; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines the linkages among agricultural total factor productivity, farm size, and farm household participation in the off-farm labor market for the Southeastern states for the period 1960-1996. We find evidence of a simultaneous relationship between productivity and measures of farm structure. The results support the expected relationships between the endogenous variables, namely that productivity and farm size are positively related, farm size and off-farm work participation are negatively related, and off-farm work and productivity are negatively related. We find positive and significant impacts of government policies (investments in public research, extension, and highways) on productivity growth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Farm size; Off-farm work; Productivity; Southeast; Structural change; J22; O47; Q15; Q16; Q18.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43450

Technological Leadership and Sectoral Employment Growth: A Spatial Econometric Analysis for U.S. Counties

Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot, Henri L.F..

This paper investigates the determinants of technological catch-up and examines at a refined level of spatial and sectoral aggregation to what extent geographical and/or technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. Technological progress is endogenously determined and depends on specialization, competition and diversity. We also allow technological progress to depend on agglomeration economies in proximate regions, and model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch-up to the technology leader. Results indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The effect of technological distance varies, depending on which sector is considered. Technological...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Regional employment growth; Technology leadership; Space; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; R12; C21; O32; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102827

STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF NEW ZEALAND'S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS

Gounder, Rukmani; Xayavong, Vilaphonh.

This paper examines the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFP) in New Zealand's manufacturing industries over the period 1978-98 and over various sub-periods. Examination of the data adopts two stages using a stochastic frontier approach. The first stage involves the specification and estimation of the stochastic frontier production function and the prediction of technical efficiency effects. The second stage involves the specification of a regression model for the predicted technical efficiency effects. The sources of TFP growth have been decomposed into four components; i.e. technical progress, changes in technical efficiency, scale effects, and change in allocative efficiency. The empirical results show that productivity has been largely due...

MARKET REFORMS VERSUS STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: New Zealand Manufacturing Sector; Total Productivity Growth; Technical Progress; Technical Efficiency; Scale Components; Allocative Efficiency; Industrial Organization; D24; C23; O47.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23714

Carter, Colin A.; Estrin, Andrew J..

This paper adds to the debate on the impact of market reforms versus structural reforms in explaining agricultural output growth in China. A multiple-output stochastic frontier and a technical inefficiency equation are estimated using provincial data on the rural economy from 1986 to 1995. Grain self-sufficiency policies and incomplete market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to allocative inefficiency. Agricultural disinvestment shrunk the production frontier and the fragmentation of land holdings reduced technical efficiency. China's rural economic reform is far from being complete.

Agricultural Productivity Convergence: Myth or Reality?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; O47; Q12; Q15.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11965

Poudel, Biswo N.; Paudel, Krishna P.; Zilberman, David.

We tested agricultural productivity convergence in the United States using the state level total factor productivity data and utilizing new estimation and cluster identification methods to identify convergence in the data. The empirical investigation did not indicate any evidence of agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) convergence at the state level. However, we found the evidence of TFP convergence at the regional level for some regions/clusters.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural total factor productivity; Convergence; Human capital; U.S. states; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q10; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100654

Input, Output Technical Efficiencies and Total Factor Productivity of Cereal Production in Tunisia

Dhehibi, Boubaker; Bahri, Haithem; Annabi, Mohamed.

In this paper, farm level technical efficiency of production and its determinants are investigated in a sample of 51 cereal producing farms located in the main cereal production region in Tunisia using a stochastic frontier production model. Empirical findings show that labor input factor appears with a minimal effect on the production. The hypothesis of constant returns to scale is rejected at the 5% level of significance, and returns to scale were found to be decreasing. Moreover, the estimated coefficients in the technical inefficiency model are also as expected. The estimated coefficients of the instruction level of farmer and the rotation, technical variable, are negatives and statistically significant at 5% level, which indicates their positive...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Timmer index; Kopp index; TFP; Cereal farms; Tunisia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C43; O47; Q12.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122866

Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard; Balcombe, Kelvin George.

The relationship between income and nutrient intake is explored. Nonparametric, panel, and quantile regressions are used. Engle curves for calories, fat, and protein are approximately linear in logs with carbohydrate intakes exhibiting diminishing elasticities as incomes increase. Elasticities range from 0.10 to 0.25, with fat having the highest elasticities. Countries in higher quantiles have lower elasticities than those in lower quantiles. Results predict significant cumulative increases in calorie consumption which are increasingly composed of fats. Though policies aimed at poverty alleviation and economic growth may assuage hunger and malnutrition, they may also exacerbate problems associated with obesity.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND NEW ZEALAND'S PRODUCTIVITY MALAISE: AN INDUSTRY-LEVEL STUDY

Palavras-chave: Calorie and nutrient consumption; Food and nutrition policy; Income elasticities; Nonparametric; Panel; Quantile regression.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C14; C21; C23; O10; O47; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103647

Engelbrecht, Hans-Jurgen; Xayavong, Vilaphonh.

This paper examines the link between information and communication technology (ICT) and New Zealand's labour productivity (LP) growth in 29 industries over the period 1988-2003, and over relevant sub-periods. After deriving an ICT intensity index in order to classify industries into 'more ICT intensive' and 'less ICT intensive', we compare LP growth rates for these two industry groupings. Further, we employ dummy variable regression models, including difference-in-difference models, to more formally test the relationship between ICT intensity and LP growth. The results prove to be sensitive to the time period specified. When breaks in the data series are taken into account, there seems to be support for the view that LP growth of more ICT intensive...

Technology Capital: The Price of Admission to the Growth Club

Palavras-chave: Information and Communication Technology; Labour Productivity Growth; ICT Intensive Industries; New Zealand.; Productivity Analysis; O47; O50.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23698

Evenson, Robert E.; Fuglie, Keith O..

We assess long-run patterns of global agricultural productivity growth in developing countries between 1970 and 2005 and examine the relationship between investments in technology capital and productivity. To measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) we employ a Solow-type growth accounting method to decompose output growth into input and TFP growth. For technology capital we construct two indexes reflecting national capacities in agricultural research and education-extension for 87 developing countries. We then correlate technology capital levels with long-term growth rates in agricultural TFP. Our findings show that average agricultural TFP growth in developing countries accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s but fell marginally in the early...

Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural extension; Agricultural research; Land quality; Agricultural cost shares; Growth accounting; Total factor productivity (TFP); International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q10; Q16; O13; O30; O47; O57.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51398

Pendergast, Shannon M.; Clarke, Judith A.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents....

A contribuição de P&D Agropecuário para Convergência e Crescimento da Renda Agropecuária no Brasil

Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels and GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37913

Barreto, Ricardo Candéa Sá; Almeida, Eduardo Simões de.

Este artigo estuda o crescimento econômico e a convergência de renda Agropecuária dos estados Brasileiros de 1986 a 2004. Para este fim, utiliza-se um modelo econométrico de efeitos fixos, controlando-se a dependência espacial. Além de comprovar convergência condicional, o modelo econométrico revelou que o crescimento do PIB per capita agropecuário foi afetado por variáveis como capital físico agropecuário, infra-estrutura telefônica, infra-estrutura de armazenagem, crédito rural, número de trabalhadores rurais, e por externalidades espaciais. Além disso, ficou evidenciada a importância de P & D agropecuário para o crescimento e convergência de renda per capita no setor agropecuário e ainda a geração de externalidades espaciais...

Resource Abundance, Poverty and Development

Palavras-chave: Convergência de renda agropecuária; Nova geografia econômica; Modelo de efeitos fixos com dependência espacial; Income convergence; New economic geography; Fixed effect model with spatial dependence; Agricultural Finance; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O18; O47; R11; R23.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108170

Bulte, Erwin H.; Damania, Richard; Deacon, Robert T..

The negative correlation between resource endowments and GDP growth remains one of the most robust findings in the empirical growth literature, and has been coined the resource curse hypothesis. The policy consequences of this result are potentially far reaching. If natural resources are an inescapable curse, this may imply that countries richly endowed with natural resources can only develop by turning their backs on their comparative advantage and diversifying into other non-resource based activities. This paper analyzes whether the negative statistical relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth spills over to other important economic and social indicators. The impact of resource wealth on several proxies of economic...