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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (49) Autor Ando, Amy Whritenour (3) Swinnen, Johan F.M. (3) Adelaja, Adesoji O. (2) Anderson, Kym (2) Coggins, Jay S. (2) Graham-Tomasi, Theodore (2) Lopez, Rigoberto A. (2) Roe, Terry L. (2) Alston, Julian M. (1) Alvarenga, Patricia Silva (1) Arahata, Katsumi (1) Araujo Junior, Ari Francisco de (1) Bates, Robert H. (1) Besley, Timothy (1) Block, Steven A. (1) Borrmann, Axel (1) Boyd, James (1) Brennan, Timothy J. (1) Carter, Colin A. (1) Croser, Johanna L. (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Political economy (49) Political Economy (19) Agricultural and Food Policy (18) International Relations/Trade (17) F13 (13) Q18 (13) Q17 (11) O13 (10) Agricultural and trade policy reforms (8) Distorted incentives (8) F14 (8) National agricultural development (8) P16 (7) D72 (6) Environmental Economics and Policy (5) International Development (5) N50 (5) Agribusiness (4) Agricultural distortions (4) D78 (4) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (32) Conference Paper or Presentation (10) Journal Article (7) Ano 2011 (3) 2010 (3) 2009 (14) 2008 (1) 2005 (7) 2004 (4) 2003 (3) 2002 (2) 1999 (3) 1998 (1) 1997 (1) 1996 (2) 1994 (1) 1990 (1) 1989 (2) 1988 (1) Mais... País United States (49) Idioma Inglês (48) Português (1)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 49 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe AgEcon Rozelle, Scott; Swinnen, Johan F.M.. The paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia (China and Vietnam), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, etc), the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; Transition economies; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; O21; P22; P26. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50298 Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests AgEcon Masters, William A.; Garcia, Andres F.. This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50301 Evaluating rural development policy - review of the CMEF AgEcon Huelemeyer, Kerstin; Schiller, Simone. With the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (CMEF) a guidance document for evaluation of rural development policy has been published by the European Commission. The CMEF defines the requirements on monitoring and evaluation and specifies a limited number of quantitative common indicators applicable to each programme. While in general the introduction of the CMEF is considered as being a helpful tool for carrying out evaluation, substantial criticism has been expressed regarding the suggested methodological approach and the provided set of impact indicators. Based on qualitative analyses, this article focuses on contributing to a better understanding of the evaluation process in order to learn from stakeholder perceptions and draw conclusions on how... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Evaluation; CMEF; Indicators; Political economy; Success factors; Community/Rural/Urban Development. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94920 Regional Integration in Developing Countries: Some Lessons Based on Case Studies AgEcon Shams, Rasul. The main focus of this paper is the question if the success of regional integration organisation in developing countries is, in fact, dependent on factors like similarity of their economic structure, market size or lack of commitment. It is shown that there are also other more important institutional and politico-economical reasons to explain the functioning of such organisations in developing countries. Case studies of ECOWAS and SADC will be used to discuss this question. It is also very often argued that southsouth integration is inferior to north-south integration. This will be discussed considering the case of MERCOSUR as an example. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Economic development; Africa; Latin America; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; F15; O1; P16. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26272 How Trade Politics Affect Invasive Species Control AgEcon Margolis, Michael; Shogren, Jason F.. Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to govern the formation of tariffs so justified, using a straightforward incorporation of an invasive species externality into Grossman and Helpman's well-known political economy model. We show our measure of disguised protectionism -the gap between the optimal tariff and that set in the equilibrium of the political economy game- is equal to the tariff that would be set if... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Protectionism; Tariff; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q17; Q56; Q57. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10770 Evaluating the 1996 EU food aid reform: Did it really lead to better targeting? AgEcon Maas, Sarah. The paper analyses the 1996 EU food aid reform and addresses the question of its impact on improving EU food aid allocation in terms of reaching those countries which are most vulnerable to food insecurity. Using a two-stage regression model the analysis finds that EU food aid in kind is increasingly targeted towards developing countries affected by food insecurity. Most importantly, characteristics such as low calorie supply and balance-of-payments difficulties gained in importance in EU food aid allocation during the recent years. However, even though progress is noticeable, the results suggest a lack of coordination between the EU and other food aid donors which exacerbates food aid variability and may lower aid effectiveness. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: EU food aid; Policy reform; Political economy; Two-stage model; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; O13; Q18; Q19. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51618 Reflections AgEcon Ranis, Gustav. This paper examines the causes of Taiwan's exceptional economic performance, focusing on the influence of organizational and policy choices and how Taiwan's example differs from those of more typical less-developed countries. After briefly citing cultural factors as proposed by his late colleague John Fei, Ranis proceeds to explore the issues of organic nationalism, natural resource endowment, access to foreign capital and other political factors that have produced such economic success. The author demonstrates how Taiwan's unique combination of strong organic nationalism, meager natural resources and limited access to foreign capital helped curb the Extended Dutch Disease phenomenon endemic in LDCs. In addition, the government's nonoscillatory, relatively... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Economic development; LDC; Political economy; Taiwan; Extended Dutch disease; Democracy; International Development; Political Economy; O10; O11; O50; P16. Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28422 Trade Agreements, Political Economy and Endogenously Incomplete Contracts AgEcon Li, Na; Ker, Alan P.. We develop a political economy model of trade agreements following along the line of Grossman and Helpman (1995a) yet incorporating contracting costs, uncertainty and multiple policy instruments. We show that rent-seeking efforts do not affect tariff rates as they are offset by the substitution effect of domestic production subsidies. Similar to Horn et al (2010), we find the coexistence of uncertainty and contracting costs make optimal trade agreements incomplete contracts. Our model helps explain differential treatment on subsidies, countervailing duties, and the national treatment principle - all key provisions of the current WTO agreement. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Trade agreement; Political economy; Contracting cost; Uncertainty JEL Classification:; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116850 The Political Economy of International Development and Pro-Poor Livestock Policies: A Comparative Assessment AgEcon Leonard, David K.. Peasant livestock producers are particularly disadvantaged internationally and within their national systems because their political participation tends to be mediated through patron-client ties. The consequence is that poor producers most often trade their collective interests for very modest individual (or village) benefits. These patron-client networks are now being extended internationally, generally making them still less advantageous. Eventually poor livestock producers will address their interests through political associations (i.e. horizontal groupings of peers) rather than clientage (which is vertical in orientation). In the meantime, however, without outside help they are unlikely to engage in effective proactive political action on issues... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Political economy; Livestock policy; Decentralization; New institutional economics; Patron-client relations; Neo-liberalism; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23785 The Political Economy of Pro-Poor Livestock Policy-making in Ethiopia AgEcon Halderman, Michael. This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. Livestock are extremely important in Ethiopia and could play a key role in pro-poor development strategy. Livestock are estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of 60-70% of the Ethiopian population. There have been several negative livestock-related trends over the past 20-30 years, however, including a decline in: national and per capita production of livestock products, official livestock and livestock product exports and earnings from exports, and per capita consumption of food from livestock origin. The study used the key informant method supplemented with official... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Political economy; Policy-making; Livestock; Pro-poor livestock policies; Livestock marketing; Livestock exports; Unofficial livestock marketing and exports; Cross border trade; SPS standards; Animal health services; Pastoralists; Pastoral areas; Pastoral development; Settling pastoralists; Highland areas; Urban and peri-urban areas; Land tenure; Governance; Decentralization; Civil society; Conflict mitigation; Political feasibility; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23770 Existence of Equilibria in Lobbying Economics AgEcon Coggins, Jay S.; Graham-Tomasi, Theodore; Roe, Terry L.. Governments often establish economic policy in response to political pressure by interest groups. Since these groups' political activities may alter prices, economies so affected cannot be characterized by perfect competition. We develop a model of a "lobbying economy" in which consumers' choice of political activity simultaneously determines relative prices and income levels. They balance the loss in income due to lobbying payments against the potential gain in wealth from a favorable government price policy. This paper proves the existence of an equilibrium in economies of this sort. We reformulate the economy as a generalized lobbying game and prove the existence of a non-cooperative equilibrium in the game. This equilibrium is then shown to be an... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Political economy; Rent seeking; Generalized game; Lobbying equilibrium; Political Economy. Ano: 1988 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7468 The Political Economy of Downzoning AgEcon Adelaja, Adesoji O.; Gottlieb, Paul D.. “Substantial downzoning” is defined as the exercise of police power to significantly reduce the legally permitted density on undeveloped land in a community. This contentious practice is typically challenged by those who perceive the action to limit their market opportunities (e.g., farmers and developers), their sympathizers, and others who prefer the status quo. Supporters tend to be those who perceive positive benefits (e.g., environmentalists, conservationists, and homeowners) and those who see it as a supplement to other preservation techniques, based on concerns over such things as growing public costs of land acquisition, limited effectiveness of existing alternatives, or the perceived urgency to act to manage growth. Given the complexity of the... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Substantial downzoning; Takings; Land use; Growth management; Open space; Political economy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55865 Non-Tariff Barriers as a Test of Political Economy Theories AgEcon Levy, Philip I.. This paper provides a rough test of a broad and prominent class of political economy of trade models and finds them wanting. The class features governments with weighted social welfare functions, including the prominent model of Grossman and Helpman. Whether the government is the single domestic player or there are other players involved (as with the lobbies in the Grossman-Helpman case) the government ultimately acts as a unitary player in international dealings. Recent work has shown that such unitary actors care exclusively about terms of trade in international negotiations. This paper pursues the implication that governments’ choice of trade instruments may offer a better test of the unitary government framework than existing empirical work. We use the... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Lobbying; Tariffs; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; D72; F13. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28526 Efficient choice among domestic and trade policies in the Grossman-Helpman Interest-Group Model AgEcon Schleich, Joachim; Orden, David. This paper generalizes the recent political economy model of Helpman and Grossman in which contributions by producer lobbies and government decisions about trade policies are modeled as a common agency game. We allow the government to choose among domestic as well as trade interventions. When production and trade policies are available, the equilibrium production policies serve the lobbies while the trade policies reflect the country's international market power. When consumption and trade policies are available, tariffs and export subsidies are applied in a small-country model to serve the special interests, and the domestic policies are selected to restore consumer prices to world levels. In a large-country model, the optimal consumption and trade... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Political economy; Trade policies; Domestic subsidies and taxes; Efficient policies; Common agency; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13. Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7458 Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions: The Literature to Date AgEcon Swinnen, Johan F.M.. The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Developing countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; N50; O13; P16; P26. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50308 What makes reforms likely: Political economy determinants of reforms in Latin America AgEcon Lora, Eduardo; Olivera, Mauricio. The purpose of this paper is to test the main hypotheses of the recent theoretical literature on the political economy of reform for the case of the Latin American countries between 1985 and 1995. The paper first reviews the literature and extracts the main testable hypotheses. Then, a system of indices that measure the extent of reform in five policy areas is presented. These indices are used as the dependent variables in panel regressions where the main explanatory variables are indicators of crisis, political variables and indicators of channels of contagion. We find very strong support for the well-known hypothesis that crises make reform viable and also for the (less theoretically sound) hypotheses that reforms are more likely at the beginning of... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Structural reforms; Political economy; Latin America; D78; D72; C52. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43851 Why are Latin Americans so unhappy about reforms? AgEcon Panizza, Ugo; Yanez, Monica. This paper uses opinion surveys to document discontent with the pro-market reforms implemented by most Latin American countries during the 1990s. The paper also explores four possible sets of explanations for this discontent: (i) a general drift of the populace’s political views to the left; (ii) an increase in political activism by those who oppose reforms; (iii) a decline in the people’s trust of political actors; and (iv) the economic crisis. The paper’s principal finding is that the macroeconomic situation plays an important role in explaining the dissatisfaction with the reform process. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Political economy; Reforms; Crisis; Latin America; P16; O54. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37219 Economia política da disputa por terras em Minas Gerais AgEcon Araujo Junior, Ari Francisco de; Shikida, Claudio; Alvarenga, Patricia Silva. The article analyzes the determinants of the probability of dispute over land (conflicts, occupations and settlement projects) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Through the use of a logit model, we found that the main influences are political and economical ones. Apparently, the behavior of the agrarian reform’s supporters follows the political incentive, with fewer occurrences of conflicts in towns governed by political allies. By other hand, the economical determinants - degree of poverty and the economic growth - have negative impacts on it. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agrarian development; Political economy; Regional economics; Agribusiness; D72; D74; O43. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61236 Organic Food and Farming: Between Market Subordination and Retailer Growth Prospects AgEcon Kledal, Paul Rye. The paper is based on research conducted for DARCOF II (Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming, www.darcof.dk). The aim of the research project is to analyze the future development of the Danish organic food sector through focusing on two agro-commodities: vegetables and pork. Emphasis is placed on identification of economic forces within the supply chains. The main conclusions of the paper - being the results from the organic vegetable chain are that the rules and regulations, and the development of alternative transaction processes in organic food and farming have so far been founded on social counter reactions to the mechanisms of a free market economy that result in the marginalization of farmers, animals welfare and the environment. However,... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Political economy; Institutional economics; Supply chain management; Organic food & farming; Farmers' treadmill; Retail bargain power; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24218 Agricultural Distortion Patterns Since the 1950s: What Needs Explaining? AgEcon Anderson, Kym; Croser, Johanna L.; Sandri, Damiano; Valenzuela, Ernesto. This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price-support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50305 Registros recuperados: 49 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última

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