SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Fletcher, Stanley M.; Nadolnyak, Denis A..

In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...

JAPANESE IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. BEEF AND PORK: EFFECTS ON U.S. RED MEAT EXPORTS AND LIVESTOCK PRICES

Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F12; F13; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25362

Miljkovic, Dragan; Marsh, John M.; Brester, Gary W..

Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated. Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products. Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant. The comparative statistics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility. For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively. Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; Q17; F14; C32.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15072

Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade

Fletcher, Stanley M.; Nadolnyak, Denis A..

Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460

Fruit Policies in Japan

Ito, Kenzo; Dyck, John H..

Government programs and subsidies regulate and support Japan’s large fruit-production sector, bolstering farm incomes and output levels. Supply-management programs that target annual production levels for some fruits, in order to maintain market prices, contribute to higher prices for consumers, although other programs aim to increase fruit consumption. Japan’s tariffs and phytosanitary measures also create barriers to fruit consumption and limit imports. Producers in the United States, a major fruit supplier to Japan, could benefit from reduced barriers.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Japan; Fruits; Policies; Production; Subsidies; Insurance; Farm markets; Tariffs; Phytosanitary measures; U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA; Economic Research Service; ERS; FTS-341-01; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92336

The Impact of Catfish Imports on the U.S. Wholesale and Farm Sectors

Muhammad, Andrew; Neal, Sammy J.; Hanson, Terrill R.; Jones, Keithly G..

The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of catfish imports and tariffs on the U.S. catfish industry, with particular focus on the U.S. International Trade Commission ruling on Vietnam in 2003. Given the importance of Vietnam to the U.S. catfish market, it was assumed that catfish import prices would increase by 35 percent if the maximum tariff was imposed on catfish from Vietnam. With the tariff, domestic catfish prices at the wholesale level would increase by $0.06 per lb, and farm prices by $0.03 per lb. Processor sales would increase by 1.66 percent. Total welfare at the wholesale level would increase from $69.2 million to $71.7 million, an increase of about 3.63 percent, and processor and farm revenue would increase by 4.4 percent...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Catfish imports; Simultaneous equations; Supply; Demand; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95587

Growth and Equity Effects of Agricultural Marketing Efficiency Gains in India

Landes, Maurice R.; Burfisher, Mary E..

Agriculture is the largest source of employment in India, and food accounts for about half of consumer expenditures. Moving agricultural products from the farm to consumers more efficiently could result in large gains to producers, consumers, and India’s overall economy. This analysis uses a computable general equilibrium model with agricultural commodity detail and households disaggregated by rural, urban, and income class to study the potential impacts of reforms that achieve efficiency gains in agricultural marketing and reduce agricultural input subsidies and import tariffs. More efficient agricultural marketing generates economywide gains in output and wages, raises agricultural producer prices, reduces consumer food prices, and increases private...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Policy reform; Marketing efficiency; Tariffs; Subsidies; Households; Computable general equilibrium model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55959

Economic Impacts of Pink Hibiscus Mealybug in Florida and the United States

Ranjan, Ram.

Replaced with revised version of paper 12/15/05.

Non-Tariff Barriers as a Test of Political Economy Theories

Palavras-chave: Invasive Species; Political Economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest Groups; International Relations/Trade; H23; Q17; Q58.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19172

Levy, Philip I..

This paper provides a rough test of a broad and prominent class of political economy of trade models and finds them wanting. The class features governments with weighted social welfare functions, including the prominent model of Grossman and Helpman. Whether the government is the single domestic player or there are other players involved (as with the lobbies in the Grossman-Helpman case) the government ultimately acts as a unitary player in international dealings. Recent work has shown that such unitary actors care exclusively about terms of trade in international negotiations. This paper pursues the implication that governments choice of trade instruments may offer a better test of the unitary government framework than existing empirical work. We use the...

THE IMPACT OF THE REDUCTION IN THE AUSTRALIAN ORANGE-JUICE TARIFF

Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Lobbying; Tariffs; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; D72; F13.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28526

Brown, Mark G.; Spreen, Thomas H..

After substantial reduction in the Australian orange juice tariff, citrus growers in that country shifted their efforts away from Valencia orange production towards Navel oranges intended for the fresh market. Australia has been successful in penetrating the world market for fresh oranges. Given the large size of the orange industry in Florida, however, it is unlikely that Florida growers could follow the same model if the U.S. orange juice were substantially reduced or eliminated.

Tariff Liberalization, Wood Trade Flows, and Global Forests

Palavras-chave: Oranges; Tariffs; Australia; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15691

Sedjo, Roger A.; Simpson, R. David.

This paper examines the question of the likely effects on global forests of a further reduction in wood products tariffs including both solid wood products and pulp and paper, as has been proposed to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC). The tariff reductions would be an extension of the tariff reductions associated with the Uruguay Round (Federal Register 1999). The questions include both how international trade is likely to change in response to further tariff reduction and also the implications for timber harvests and forests generally of such trade liberalization in the various forest regions. The paper finds that the evidence suggests further reductions in tariffs on forest products are likely to generate...

NAFTA AND U.S.-MEXICAN BEEF TRADE: LONG-RUN IMPLICATIONS FOR CHANGES IN TRADE FLOWS FROM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS

Palavras-chave: International trade; Tariffs; Forest; Forest products; World Trade Organization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; F21; F13; Q23.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10557

Melton, Bryan E.; Huffman, Wallace E..

This study examines potential long-term impacts on the U.S. and Mexican beef industries of the reduction in trade barriers under NAFTA and likely associated international technology transfers (of beef cattle, feeding methods, and meat packing) and foreign capital investments. The beef industry is represented as four subsectors: cow-calf production, post-weaning beef production, meat packing, and leather production. The analysis is accomplished through a multi-sector model of the U.S. and Mexican beef industries, estimation of key parameters, and simulation of long-run outcomes under three alternative scenarios. Our results show that Mexico will dramatically expand the size of its cow herd. The expanded supply and lower post-slaughter processing cost in...

Nothing to Declare: Duty-free access to imports from LDCs

Palavras-chave: North American Free Trade Agreement; Beef industry; Meat packing; Technology transfer; Tariffs; United States; Mexico; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18256

Vanzetti, David; Peters, Ralf.

Developed countries have agreed to provide duty free and quota free access to imports from LDCs covered by 97 per cent of tariff lines. However, LDCs would like to extend the agreement to 100 per cent coverage, since 3 per cent of tariff lines can cover a substantial proportion of LDC exports. Products of major interest include textiles and clothing and agricultural goods such as rice, oilseeds, sugar and bananas. The potential trade and welfare impacts of expanding the coverage are analysed using a global general equilibrium model. Updated estimates indicate LDCs stand to gain $4.2 billion in additional exports, the bulk of which accrues to Bangladesh, Cambodia and West Africa. A further $1.8 billion increase in exports could be obtained if LDCs had duty...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: WTO negotiations; Trade; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124469

WTO Doha Round: Impact of an Agreement on Agriculture and the Importance of Sensitive Products

Binfield, Julian C.R.; Donnellan, Trevor; Hanrahan, Kevin F.; Westhoff, Patrick C..

The Doha round of WTO negotiations has been ongoing since 2001. In the summer of 2008 the negotiations on the modalities for a new WTO agriculture agreement collapsed when seemingly on the verge of a successful conclusion. In this paper we present quantitative analysis of the impact of a new WTO agreement undertaken using a partial equilibrium model of Irish and EU agriculture. Results are presented on the agreement’s impact on Irish and EU-27 agriculture markets and on Irish agricultural sector incomes. Our analysis highlights the importance of the Baseline counter-factual, and will illustrate that protection afforded by the conferral of sensitive product status differs from commodity to commodity. The paper will draw conclusions concerning the economic...

The Effects of China's Tariff Reductions on EU Agricultural Exports

Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Policy analysis; Partial equilibrium modelling; Baseline; Scenario analysis; Tariffs; Tariff rate quota; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50936

Niemi, Jyrki S.; Huan-Niemi, Ellen.

China's accession to the WTO means significant increases in export opportunities for China's trading partners. This study attempts to identify and measure quantitatively the effects of changing economic environment and trade policies on China's agricultural imports from the European Union (EU). The approach is to estimate demand functions for China's agri-food imports from the EU using semi-annual data from 1980 to 2000. The demand functions are used to measure the impacts of relative-price and trade policy changes on EU agricultural exports to China. The results suggest that in China, there is a relatively strong demand response for agrifood imports to changes in income and prices. Furthermore, the results indicate that relative-price variations affect...

EU market access for Mediterranean fruit and vegetables: A gravity model assessment

Palavras-chave: China; WTO; Agricultural trade; Tariffs; Demand functions; Estimation; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24839

Emlinger, Charlotte; Lozza, Emmanuelle Chevassus; Jacquet, Florence.

Since 1995, a liberalization process - the so- called Barcelona Process - has begun in the Mediterranean area. It aims at establishing a free trade area for 2010 in the Mediterranean Basin. For the moment the full liberalization concerns industrial product s trade whereas agriculture remains sensitive. Among agricultural product s, the fruit and vegetables (F&V) sector is essential for Mediterranean countries and the EU is their first trading partner. In this context, two questions arise: Firstly, to what extent protection influence trade for the med countries, compared to the other countries? Secondly, what would be the impacts of a greater liberalization on F&V trade between the EU and Mediterranean Countries? Our model, based on the new...

Effects of Tariffs and Sanitary Barriers on High- and Low-Value Poultry Trade

Palavras-chave: Fruit and Vegetables; EU-Med agreement; Gravity models; Transport cost; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10098

Peterson, Everett B.; Orden, David.

A competitive partial-equilibrium spatial model with heterogeneous goods is constructed to evaluate effects of the removal of tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, and sanitary regulations on world poultry trade. The model distinguishes between "highvalue" (mostly white meat) and "low-value" (mostly dark meat) poultry products and simulates the trade flows among eight exporting and importing countries and regions. Removing all barriers simultaneously has a larger impact on trade than removing only tariffs and tariff-rate quotas. Imposition of sanitary barriers against U.S. products by Russia shifts trade flows, but does not have large net impacts on U.S. producers.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Poultry trade; Sanitary barriers; Tariffs; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30785

Invasive Species Management through Tariffs: Are Prevention and Protection Synonymous?

Ranjan, Ram.

Replaced with revised version of paper 12/15/05.

OPENING GLOBAL MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURE: THE NEXT WTO ROUND

Palavras-chave: Invasive Species; Political Economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest Groups; International Relations/Trade; H23; Q17; Q58.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19515

The Costs of Restrictive Trade Policies in the Presence of Factor Tax Distortions

Sumner, Daniel A..

More open international markets benefit the economy as a whole, as well as most U.S. agricultural producers. The Uruguay Round Agreement laid out a useful framework. Specifically addressed here is why the key to further liberalizing agricultural trade is reduction of tariffs as comprehensively and rapidly as politics will allow. Other issues such as export subsidies, tariff-rate quota quantities, and developing-country relationships are also important, especially while tariffs are coming down. Internal support rules have much less potential to liberalize trade. Finally, as the December 1999 World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Seattle demonstrated, delay in the negotiation process threatens liberalization.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Commodity trade; Tariff-rate quotas; Tariffs; Trade negotiations; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14709

Parry, Ian W.H..

This paper uses a numerical general equilibrium model to examine the quantitative importance of pre-existing factor tax distortions for the welfare effects of restrictive trade policies in economies with and without market power in trade. We analyze tariffs, nonauctioned import quotas (with rents accruing to domestic firms) and voluntary export restraints (with rents accruing to foreign firms). We find that allowing for interactions with pre-existing taxes can greatly magnify the overall costs of these policies, f{fn possibly by over several hundred percent! In the case of import tariffs, much of this additional cost can be offset if the tariff revenues are used to reduce other distortionary taxes. Indeed the cost discrepancy between revenue-neutral...

Policy distortions in the segmented rice market

Palavras-chave: Pre-existing tax distortions; Tariffs; Import quotas; Second-best welfare costs; International Relations/Trade; F10; H21.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10563

Rakotoarisoa, Manitra A..

High production and export subsidies in developed countries and high protection in both developed and developing countries have distorted rice trade. This study estimates the impact of rice policy distortions on developing countries’ rice production and trade potential. Because rice markets are highly segmented, major rice types are differentiated to estimate the impact of current and likely policy reforms. Analysis in long-grain, high-quality rice focuses on rice import and export markets in Latin America and shows that reduction of direct and implicit export subsidies in the US will benefit regional suppliers such as Argentina and Uruguay. Analysis of Indonesia’s import market of ordinary long-grain rice, where protection is high, reveals that tariff...