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Dietary crude protein reduction on growth and carcass performance of 22 to 42-day-old broilers reared under different temperatures R. Bras. Zootec.
Oliveira,Will Pereira de; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira Neto,Adhemar Rodrigues de; Gomes,Paulo Cezar; Maia,Ana Paula de Assis; Campos,Paulo Henrique Reis Furtado; Gasparino,Eliane.
This study was conducted to verify the effects of dietary crude protein reduction on growth and carcass performance of 22-42-day-old broilers reared under different temperatures. Treatments were set up in a five by two factorial arrangement, with five crude protein levels (220, 210, 200, 190 and 184 g/kg) and two temperatures (21.6 and 32.2 ºC). Diets were isocaloric and essential amino acid-to-lysine ratio was maintained constant in all treatments. There was no interaction between crude protein reduction and environmental temperature for any of the parameters evaluated. Crude protein had no influence on feed intake. Nevertheless, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were linearly influenced by crude protein reduction. Worse performance was also observed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Breast yield; Heat stress; Temperature; Thermoneutral temperature.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982013000800010
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Available phosphorus for 15- to 30-kg pigs kept in hot environment R. Bras. Zootec.
Alebrante,Leandro; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flavia Miranda de; Saraiva,Alysson; Guimarães,Simoni Eliza Facioni; Ferreira,Aloízio Soares; Silva,Francisco Carlos de Oliveira; Abreu,Márvio Lobão Teixeira de.
This experiment was conducted to determine the requirement of available phosphorus (aP) for pigs kept in hot environment. Seventy-two pigs (36 castrated males and 36 females) with initial weight of 15.10±0.31 kg were allotted in a completely randomized block design with six treatments (0.107, 0.214, 0.321, 0.428, 0.535, and 0.642% of aP), six replicates and two pigs (1 castrated male and 1 female) per experimental unit. Pigs were kept in a hot environment with temperature of 34.1±0.8 ºC. The levels of aP influenced the daily weight gain, which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.477%, and feed conversion, which improved quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.457%. The levels of aP also influenced the content of phosphorus in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Genotype; Minerals; Requirement; Swine; Temperature.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011001200016
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Application of a precision nutrition tool for growing and finishing pigs R. Bras. Zootec.
Lovato,Gustavo Dias; Vale,Marcos Martinez do; Oliveira,Vladimir de; Klein,Daniela Regina; Branco,Tatiane.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate a growth model applied to adjust nutritional programs for growing and finishing pigs, in a commercial production context. The phase I (calibration) was conducted in a commercial pig production unit. The data were collected from a nutritional program, a feed program, and an animal profile. In experimental phase II, these data were entered in the InraPorc® model for simulations and to propose adjustments to the commercial nutritional program. Afterwards, the conventional nutritional program (CNP) and the adjusted nutritional program (ANP) were compared with InraPorc® simulation. Animal profile was collected by weighing 30% of pigs per stall and monitoring their feed intake in each stage. Four hundred and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: InraPorc®; Modeling; Pig production; Temperature.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982017000900755
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Available phosphorus levels in diets for pigs with high genetic potential for lean meat deposition kept in thermoneutral environment from 15 to 30 kg R. Bras. Zootec.
Alebrante,Leandro; Donzele,Juarez Lopes; Oliveira,Rita Flávia Miranda de; Saraiva,Alysson; Guimarães,Simone Eliza Facioni; Ferreira,Aloízio Soares.
It was used 72 pigs, 36 castrated males and 36 females, with initial weight of 14.97 ± 0.36 kg to evaluate levels of dietary available phosphorus (aP). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with six levels of aP (0.107; 0.214; 0.321; 0.428; 0.535 and 0.642%), six replicates and two animals (one castrated male and one female) per experimental unit. Air temperature and relative humidity in the room were kept at 24.5 ± 1.2°C and 76.3 ± 8.5%, respectively. The levels of aP influenced both daily feed intake and daily weight gain, which increased in a quadratic way up to the estimated levels of 0.420% and 0.443%, respectively and feed conversion, which improved in a quadratic manner up to the estimated level of 0.461%. It was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Genotype; Minerals; Requirement; Swine; Temperature.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982011000200013
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Productive performance and economic evaluation of tilapia stocked in different times of the year R. Bras. Zootec.
Costa,Jesaias Ismael da; Sabbag,Omar Jorge; Ayroza,Luiz Marques da Silva; Martins,Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine production cycles based on the stocking period and the influence of the cycles on productive performance indices, production costs, and profitability. The present study was carried out on a fish farm located in Palmital - SP, Brazil, which consists of 2706 m3 of net cages with an annual production of 400 tons of tilapia and regular harvests throughout the year. Production data, investment and expenditures were obtained by using a semi-structured questionnaire to calculate the total operational costs and profit indices. All monetary values of invested items have been corrected by the General Price Index (GPI) for December 2014. Three rearing phases were identified and characterized as the nursery, pre-finishing, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Fish farm; Production costs; Profitability; Temperature.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982017000700553
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Stress tolerance of Antarctic macroalgae in the early life stages RChHN
Navarro,Nelso P.; Huovinen,Pirjo; Gomez,Ivan.
BACKGROUND: Early life stages of macroalgae, especially from polar species, can be highly vulnerable to physical stressors, leading to important consequences for the fate of the whole population in scenarios of changing environmental variability. In the present study, tolerance to UV and temperature stress, as measured by rapid adjustment of photochemistry, Fv/Fm, and photosynthetic characteristics based on P-E curves (ETRmax, α and Ek), was assessed in the early life stages of six Antarctic macroalgal species from eulittoral (Pyropia endiviifolia, Iridaea cordata, Adenocystis utricularis and Monostroma hariotii) and sublittoral (Ascoseira mirabilis and Gigartina skottsbergii. RESULTS: Reproductive cells of eulittoral species showed the highest...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Reproductive cells; Seaweeds; Temperature; UV tolerance.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2016000100005
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Immunological vulnerability and adjustments to environmental thermal variability RChHN
BOZINOVIC,FRANCISCO; CATALÁN,TAMARA P; KALERGIS,ALEXIS M.
Ecological physiologists recognize the potential impacts of temperature on physiological traits, however less attention has been paid to changes in thermal variation on a scale that pertains directly to living organisms. Also, few studies have examined the effects of temperature variation or other climatic drivers on host-pathogen interactions. We evaluated the effect of acclimation to ambient temperature variability (0, 4 and 8 °C daily variability) on the immune performance in the insect Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera). We observed that antibacterial activity differed significantly between treatments. In addition, variances of antibacterial activity were larger under the more variable thermal conditions. Similarly to antibacterial responses, tyrosinase...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Ecoimmunology; Immune performance; Mealworm beetles; Temperature; Tyrosinase phenoloxidase.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2013000400009
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The effects of temperature and oxygen availability on intracapsular development of Acanthina monodon (Gastropoda: Muricidae) RChHN
FERNÁNDEZ,MIRIAM; PAPPALARDO,PAULA; JENO,KATHERINE.
Freshwater and marine organisms show similar models of parental care and are faced with similar constraints to brood, which suggest that comparable environmental limits drive the evolution of parental care in aquatic systems. In fact, the low diffusion coefficient and solubility of oxygen in aquatic environments affect oxygen acquisition and therefore the capacity to aggregate embryos. The effect of other critical environmental variables, such as temperature, is less clear. We assessed the effects of temperature and oxygen availability on (1) the number of developed and undeveloped encapsulated embryos, (2) the proportion of embryos reaching advanced stages during intracapsular development (counting not only developed and undeveloped embryos but also...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Brooding; Intracapsular development; Gastropods; Oxygen; Temperature.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2006000200002
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Variability in per capita oogonia and sporophyte production from giant kelp gametophytes (Macrocystis pyrifera, Phaeophyceae) RChHN
MUÑOZ,VERÓNICA; HERNÁNDEZ-GONZÁLEZ,MARÍA C.; BUSCHMANN,ALEJANDRO H.; GRAHAM,MICHAEL H.; VÁSQUEZ,JULIO A..
Vegetative growth and fertility of kelp gametophytes are thought to be antagonistic, such that most successful kelp recruitment is assumed to result from fertilization of single oogonia released from unicellular female gametophytes. We used laboratory culture experiments to study the effect of temperature and nutrient addition on the per capita production of oogonia and sporophytes from Macrocystis pyrifera female gametophytes. Our results indicate that individual multicellular female gametophytes can give rise to more than one oogonium and that per capita oogonia production significantly increases with the enhancement of culture conditions (i.e., decreased temperature and increased nutrient concentration). Furthermore, the production of multiple oogonia...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Gametophytes; Macrocystis pyrifera; Nutrients; Oogonia production; Sporophyte production; Temperature.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2004000400007
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Photosynthetic UV stress tolerance of the Antarctic snow alga Chlorella sp. modified by enhanced temperature? RChHN
Rivas,C.; Navarro,N.; Huovinen,P.; Gómez,I..
BACKGROUND: Photosynthetic characteristics and the effect of UV radiation and elevated temperature measured were studied in Chlorella sp. isolated from a snow microalgal community at King George Island, Maritime Antarctica through the chlorophyll florescence (rapid light curves and maximum quantum yield, respectively). The environmental context was monitored through measurements of spectral depth profiles of solar radiation (down to 40 cm) in the snowpack as well as a through continuous recording of temperature and PAR using dataloggers located at different depths (0-30 cm) within the snow column RESULTS: The photochemistry of Chlorella sp. was affected by UV radiation in a 12-h laboratory exposure under all studied temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 °C): the...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Snow algae; Chlorella sp; Photosynthesis; UV radiation; Temperature.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2016000100006
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Optimisation of the liquid-liquid extraction of soybean oil using a binary mixture1 Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
Martins,Glêndara Aparecida de Souza; Peluzio,Joênes Mucci.
The soybean has been widely studied due to its constituents and to their application. Authors have pointed out that its composition can vary, with its use frequently taking the form of oil. The oil extraction process, which is in constant application in the market, consists of the use of extraction solvents, with hexane being one of the most used; however the fact that this comes from non-renewable sources has aroused interest in its replacement. As a result, ethanol has been seen as an alternative solvent, despite increasing the cost of the process. This study therefore aims to evaluate the composition of three soybean cultivars planted in the region of Palmas, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, and to optimise oil extraction from the beans through the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extraction Solvent; Temperature; Time.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-66902015000100064
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Ecophysiology of seed germination in Digitaria insularis ((L.) Fedde) Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
Mendonça,Giovana Soares de; Martins,Cibele Chalita; Martins,Dagoberto; Costa,Neumárcio Vilanova da.
The invasive behaviour of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) in cultivated areas is due to its strategy of aggressive regeneration, which is based on seed germination. Knowledge of the physiological ecology of this species can contribute to the development of management and control strategies. The aim of this research was to understand the effects of provenance, temperature and light on the germination of sourgrass seeds collected in the Brazilian state of São Paulo in the cities of Americana, Botucatu and São José do Rio Preto and in the state of Paraná in the city of São Miguel do Iguaçu. The seeds were left to germinate at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 45 °C, both with and without light. The number of normal seedlings was recorded daily from seven to 60...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Sourgrass; Plant physiology; Provenance; Light; Temperature.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-66902014000400021
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CALIBRATION OF THE HARGREAVES-SAMANI EQUATION FOR SPECIFIC PERIODS OF THE YEAR IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF JAÍBA-MG, BRAZIL Engenharia na Agricultura
Duarte, Anunciene Barbosa; Ferreira, Lucas Borges; dos Santos, Edson Fagne.
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) explains the climatic effects on crop water demand. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommends the Penman Monteith equation as a standard method for estimating ET0. However, because this equation requires a large amount of meteorological data, it has limited application. An alternative is the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) equation, which only requires air temperature data, and can be calibrated to specifc locations and periods. The present study aimed to calibrate the empirical parameters (coeffcients and exponent) of the HS equation for specifc periods of the year, as well as evaluate the behavior and calibration of this equation throughout the year in the municipality of Jaíba-MG, Brazil. The daily meteorological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Metereologia Agrícola evapotranspiration; Irrigation scheduling; Missing data; Temperature.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.seer.ufv.br/seer/index.php/reveng/article/view/838
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Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho sob diferentes condições de armazenamento Sci. Agrar.Paran. / SAP
E. V. de Carvalho; Universidade Federal do Tocantins; S. C. Siebeneichler; Universidade Federal do Tocantins; W. L. Matos; Universidade Federal do Tocantins; R. P.L. dos Santos; Universidade Federal do Tocantins.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes de milho armazenadas em diferentes condições, durante os meses de maio a outubro de 2008. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Análise de Sementes do Campus Universitário de Gurupi  -  TO, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, utilizando-se sementes de cultivares comerciais de milho obtidas na geração F2, armazenadas em condições ambientais do estado do Tocantins, e em câmara fria (20 °C, e umidade relativa de 20%). Utilizou-se soluções de cloreto de potássio (KCl) para a obtenção do...
Tipo: Artigo Avaliado por Pares Palavras-chave: Temperature; Salt concentration; Zea mays; Analysis of seeds.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/scientiaagraria/article/view/5261
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Improving predictions of leaf appearance in field grown potato Scientia Agricola
Streck,Nereu Augusto; Lago,Isabel; Paula,Fabiana Luiza Matielo de; Bisognin,Dilson Antônio; Heldwein,Arno Bernardo.
The calculation of leaf appearance rate (LAR) and number of accumulated or emerged leaves (NL) on the main stem are part of many crop simulation models. The purpose of this study was to adapt and evaluate a model (WE model) for simulating the main stem LAR and NL in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The WE model is a non-linear multiplicative model that takes into account the effect of genotype and environmental factors on LAR. A linear model (Phyllochron model) was also used as a comparison with the WE model. A series of field experiments with 14 planting dates over two years (2003 and 2004) was carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, using the cultivar Asterix. Coefficients of the WE model and the phyllochron model were estimated with data from four...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Modeling; Temperature; Leaf development; Phyllochron.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162007000100002
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Scheduling optimum planting window for gladiola based on El Niño Southern Oscillation Scientia Agricola
Becker,Camila Coelho; Streck,Nereu Augusto; Uhlmann,Lilian Osmari; Silveira,Waleska Bolson.
ABSTRACT: Gladiola is an important cut flower worldwide and scheduling field gladiola production is largely dependent on planting at the correct time since its development is controlled by the air temperature. The aim of this study was to configure a planting window of gladiola in order to harvest spikes to be sold on All Souls' Day and Mother's Day holidays in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, taking into account the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. The PhenoGlad model, a dynamic process-based simulation model that simulates gladiola phenology on a daily time step was used in this study. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures over 55 years (1961-2015) from 18 weather stations across Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were used as input data...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: PhenoGlad; Peaks of consumption; Scheduling flowering; Temperature; Target date.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162020000500301
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Climatic risk for potato late blight in the Andes region of Venezuela Scientia Agricola
Garcia,Beatriz Ibet Lozada; Sentelhas,Paulo Cesar; Tapia,Luciano Roberto; Sparovek,Gerd.
Potato is an important crop for Venezuelan agriculture. However, its production is highly affected by late blight (Phytophtora infestans), since weather is commonly favorable for this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the sowing dates of low climatic risk for potato late blight in the Andes region of Venezuela, with an agrometeorological disease model and geographical information system (GIS) tools. The disease model used in this study was developed by Hyre (1954) which requires daily rainfall and temperature data which were obtained from 106 weather stations, located at the States of Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo, for a period of 31 years. Hyre's model was applied for all stations obtainig the following variables: number of disease favorable...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Phytophtora infestans; Hyre's model; Temperature; Rainfall.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162008000700007
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Hydrothermal treatment favors peeling of 'Pera' sweet orange fruit and does not alter quality Scientia Agricola
Arruda,Maria Cecília de; Jacomino,Angelo Pedro; Pinheiro,Ana Luíza; Ribeiro,Rafael Vasconcelos; Lochoski,Michelle Antonio; Moreira,Raquel Capistrano.
Consumer demand for ready-to-eat-products has stimulated the development of new processing techniques to prepare fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to propose a peeling method for 'Pera' oranges (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb.) by using a hydrothermal treatment and to determine its influence on the respiratory activity, physicochemical and sensorial characteristics, as well as on the peeling time. Cooled oranges (6ºC) were immersed in heated water (50ºC) for eight minutes and then, peeled and stored at 6ºC. The internal fruit temperatures taken at 1 and 3 cm depths (from fruit surface) were 15ºC and 10ºC, respectively, at the end of the hydrothermal treatment. Non-hydrothermally-treated peeled oranges were used as control. The peeling...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Citrus sinensis; Fresh-cut; Temperature.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162008000200007
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Temperature effect on CARBON biomass in soils FROM TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE REGIONS Scientia Agricola
Vasconcellos,C.A..
Four soils from various origins, (tropical and temperate regions) were amended with 14C labelled glucose (1mg C.g-1 soil) and incubated at 15ºC and 35ºC to determine the temperature effect on the carbon turnover and on the microbial biomass. The temperature effect on the biomass increased with the glucose addition. The biomass mineralization rates were higher at 35ºC than at 15ºC and higher for Woburn and Pegwell soils (temperate region) than for Capinopolis and Janauba (tropical region). Specific respiration rate (SRR) of new biomass (from glucose) and old biomass showed different behaviors between soils. At 15ºC, the turnover C was 207, 225, 115 and 141 days for Janauba, Capinopolis, Woburn and Pegwell soil, respectively. At 35ºC, it was 92, 69, 69 and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carbon biomass; Organic carbon; Soil; Temperature; Turnover.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90161998000100016
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Seasonal fluctuations of bacterial population and microbial activity in soils cultivated with eucalyptus and pinus Scientia Agricola
Rigobelo,Everlon Cid; Nahas,Ely.
The accumulation and decomposition of litter in soils under forests depend on climatic and biotic conditions. This work evaluated the effect of monthly rainfall and temperature on total bacteria, and on the dehydrogenase and respiration microbial activities. The effects of organic matter, total organic C and soil moisture were also evaluated. Performed from April, 1999 to March, 2000 in an Eucalyptus-cultivated and Pinus-cultivated Oxisol (Typic Haplustox), the study showed that climate and the soil variables affect the total number of bacteria and the microbial activities. The highest air temperatures and rainfall intensities were found during the Summer and, consequently, all the studied variables were maximal during this period. Minimal values varied...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: MPN; Dehydrogenase; Microbial respiration; Litter; Temperature.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162004000100015
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