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Registros recuperados: 490
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Aggregate stability as affected by short and long-term tillage systems and nutrient sources of a hapludox in southern Brazil Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Veiga,Milton da; Reinert,Dalvan José; Reichert,José Miguel.
The ability of a soil to keep its structure under the erosive action of water is usually high in natural conditions and decreases under frequent and intensive cultivation. The effect of five tillage systems (NT = no-till; CP = chisel plowing and one secondary disking; CT = primary and two secondary distings; CTb = CT with crop residue burning; and CTr = CT with removal of crop residues from the field), combined with five nutrient sources (C = control, no nutrient application; MF = mineral fertilizers according to technical recommendations for each crop; PL = 5 Mg ha-1 y-1 fresh matter of poultry litter; CM = 60 m³ ha-1 y-1 slurry cattle manure; and SM = 40 m³ ha-1 y-1 slurry swine manure) on wet-aggregate stability was determined after nine years (four...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil tillage; Manure; Sampling time; Soil structure; Aggregation.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832009000400003
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Changes in Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Long-Term Experiments in Southern Brazil Simulated with Century 4.5 Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Weber,Mirla Andrade; Mielniczuk,João; Tornquist,Carlos Gustavo.
ABSTRACT The Century model has successfully simulated soil organic matter dynamics in many agroecosystems. However, initial applications in southern Brazil produced mixed results. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate Century 4.5 to simulate soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics under diverse soil management practices in subtropical Brazil. Soil C and N data from two long-term experiments established on a degraded Acrisol in the early 1980s were used. Treatments were conventional or no-tillage; grass or grass/legume cropping systems; and corn with or without mineral N fertilizer. The calibration process iteratively modified model parameters to match simulated values of C additions and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Soil Organic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cover crop; Carbon storage in soil; Soil tillage; Soil organic matter.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832016000100519
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Water erosion and soil water infiltration in different stages of corn development and tillage systems AGRIAMBI
Carvalho,Daniel F. de; Eduardo,Eliete N.; Almeida,Wilk S. de; Santos,Lucas A. F.; Alves Sobrinho,Teodorico.
ABSTRACTThis study evaluated soil and water losses, soil water infiltration and infiltration rate models in soil tillage systems and corn (Zea mays, L.) development stages under simulated rainfall. The treatments were: cultivation along contour lines, cultivation down the slope and exposed soil. Soil losses and infiltration in each treatment were quantified for rains applied using a portable simulator, at 0, 30, 60 and 75 days after planting. Infiltration rates were estimated using the models of Kostiakov-Lewis, Horton and Philip. Based on the obtained results, the combination of effects between soil tillage system and corn development stages reduces soil and water losses. The contour tillage system promoted improvements in soil physical properties,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil loss; Infiltration rate; Soil tillage; Rainfall simulator.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662015001101072
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Microbial diversity in an Oxisol under no-tillage and conventional tillage in southern Brazil Rev. Ciênc. Agron.
Babujia,Letícia Carlos; Silva,Adriana Pereira; Nogueira,Marco Antonio; Hungria,Mariangela.
The no-tillage (NT) system of soil management is recognized as more sustainable than conventional tillage (CT), with an important role played by soil microorganisms. The objective of this study was to estimate differences in soil microbial diversity under NT and CT at different soil depths. For that, bacterial (16S rDNA) and fungal (18S rDNA) communities were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in a 20-year field experiment established on an Oxisol in southern Brazil on which soybean has been grown in the summer and wheat in the winter. Soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm, and submitted to DGGE analyses. The results revealed lower similarity (28%) between bacterial communities in the NT and the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Bacterial diversity; Fungal diversity; PCR-DGGE; Soil tillage.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-66902014000500001
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Aggregate distribution, stability and release of water dispersible clay for two subtropical Oxisols Scientia Agricola
Azevedo,Antonio Carlos de; Schulze,Darrel Gene.
The behavior of a soil regarding the dispersion and aggregation of its particles is very important for the development of environmental and agricultural soil functions. This study was conducted to determine how aggregate distribution and stability are impacted by land uses and how the release of Water Dispersible Clay (WDC) relates to disaggregation in Oxisols from subtropical Brazil. Samples from two Oxisols, collected at three depths from sites under no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and native vegetation (NV) land uses were shaken in 250 mL plastic bottles for intervals up to 27 hours. The mass of aggregates was measured in five size classes ranging from 53 to 2000 µm. Most aggregates larger than 500 mm disappeared during the first 7.5 hours of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Land use; Disaggregation; Soil tillage; Soil management.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162007000100006
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First-order decay models to describe soil C-CO2 Loss after rotary tillage Scientia Agricola
La Scala Jr.,Newton; Lopes,Afonso; Spokas,Kurt; Archer,David Walter; Reicosky,Donald.
To further understand the impact of tillage on CO2 emission, the applicability of two conceptual models was tested, which describe the CO2 emission after tillage as a function of the non-tilled emission plus a correction due to the tillage disturbance. Models assume that C in readily decomposable organic matter follows a first-order reaction kinetics equation as: dCsoil (t) / dt = -k Csoil (t), and that soil C-CO2 emission is proportional to the C decay rate in soil, where Csoil(t) is the available labile soil C (g m-2) at any time (t) and k is the decay constant (time-1). Two possible assumptions were tested to determine the tilled (F T) fluxes: the decay constants (k) of labile soil C before and after tillage are different (Model 1) or not (Model 2)....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil respiration; Soil tillage; Soil organic matter; Labile carbon decay.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162009000500010
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Planning soil tillage using quality function deployment (QFD) Scientia Agricola
Milan,Marcos; Barros,José Wandmark Duarte; Gava,José Luiz.
The Brazilian forest sector represents about 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) which is correspondent to US$ 21.0 billion. The natural forest area is approximately 4.8 million hectares and for the near future there will be a need to increase the planted area. To avoid or minimize the impact of mechanized practices on forest soils, the reduced tillage has been developed. The aim of this work is to define the technical priorities of the reduced tillage for eucalyptus seedlings, using quality function deployment (QDF). The design requirements classified as the most important to attend seedling demands were the furrow width and depth, and clod sizes. QFD has the potential to be applied to agro-forestry systems to translate plant demands into technical...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: QFD; Quality; Mechanization; Soil tillage; Forestry.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162003000200003
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Vertical tillage parameters to optimize energy consumption CIGR Journal
Reynolds, Marco Antonio; Campos, Santos Gabriel; Cadena, Martin; Lopez, Juan Antonio; Cuervo, Neftali.
Proper selection and correct use of machinery in agriculture must be understood as a component of a process which aims to optimize crop yield and to make a more efficient use of resources. The objective of this study was the assessment of different chisel plow body arrangements using different settings of the most important operating parameters for tillage work in order to optimize energy consumption for vertical tillage. The influence of different operating parameters of tillage tools on the performance in cultivation practice must be considered before applying deep plowing for a more efficient use of energy. The parameters considered in this study were: 1) working depth based in the critical depth theory 2) position and spacing of chisels 3) number of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Mecanization; Soil tillage; Conservation energy depth plowing; Tillage; Chisel plow; Energy consumption; Critical depth.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3146
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Evolution of the soil surface roughness using geostatistical analysis Bragantia
Vázquez,Eva Vidal; Bertol,Ildegardis; Siqueira,Glécio Machado; Paz-Ferreiro,Jorge; Dafonte,Jorge Dafonte.
The objective of this work was to investigate the decay of initial surface roughness induced by simulated rainfall under different soil residue cover and to compare classical statistical indices with geostatistical parameters. A conventionally tilled loamy soil with low structure stability, thus prone to crusting was placed at 1 m² microplots. Each microplot received three successive rainfall events which bring about cumulative 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm at 65 mm h-1 intensity. Five treatments without replication were tested with different corn straw quantities (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Mg ha"1). Soil surface microrelief was measured at the initial stage and after each simulated rainfall event. Five treatments and four surface stages were monitored, resulting in 20...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil tillage; Roughness index; Surface microrelief; Simulated rain.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052010000500015
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Predacious activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in conventional and in No-till agriculture systems BABT
Lange,Denise; Fernandes,Wedson Desidério; Raizer,Josué; Faccenda,Odival.
This study had the objective of assessing the differences in foraging activity of the predacious ants between two areas, one conventional and other with no-till agriculture systems. The research was conducted in two contiguous 1.5 ha plots in Dourados MS, Brazil, from February 2001 to December 2003. Each plot received 750 baits (Nasutitermes termites), 425 at daylight and 325 at night. The termites were placed on the filter paper, on the ground, and ant attack was monitored for 15 min, until removed. Sixteen ant species were found in the no-till system and nine in the conventional system. Baits removed from no-till were significantly higher than the conventional plots and were influenced by the sampling time, at day or night. The seasons of the year did...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agroecosystems; Biological control; Community structure; Soil tillage; Species richness; Predation effects.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132008000600015
Registros recuperados: 490
Primeira ... 171819202122232425 ... Última
 

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