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Quantifying the Trade Impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards: What is Known and Issues of Importance for Sub-Saharan Africa OceanDocs
Oyejide, T.A.; Ogunkola, E.O.; Bankole, S..
Generally, consuming countries require that many domestically produced and imported goods should satisfy certain minimum levels of quality, health and safety standards. These standards are particularly prominent with respect to agricultural, food and health products; and many of these fall under the category of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures.
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Trade; Health; Phytosanitary measures; Food sanitation; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37922; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35114.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/824
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Variaciones espaciales y temporales en el reclutamiento y la salud de corales hermatípicos en arrecifes de la región occidental de Cuba OceanDocs
Perera- Pérez, O..
La investigación se llevó a cabo entre Septiembre de 2009 y Agosto de 2010. El objetivo fue determinar la variabilidad espacial y temporal en el reclutamiento y la salud de corales hermatípicos en arrecifes con diferentes niveles de impacto. Se realizó un análisis espacial entre los arrecifes de Los Colorados (LC), La Habana (LH) y Punta Francés (PF) y un análisis trimestral entre las estaciones de LH. Los indicadores ecológicos seleccionados para llevar a cabo el análisis espacial y temporal a nivel de comunidad fueron: riqueza de especies, diversidad de Shannon, equitatividad de Pielou, densidad por especies, densidad de reclutas y juveniles y cubrimiento de sustrato (algas, esponjas y corales). Para el análisis espacial a nivel de población se...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Recruitment; Health; Temporal variations.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5512
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Agricultural efficiency, malaria incidence and health expenses among Ugandan farmers AgEcon
Ulimwengu, John M.; Badiane, Ousmane.
The importance of health in promoting economic development has been forcefully stated by the World Health Organization’s Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. In this paper, we look at the impact of own household health expenses on malaria incidence and ultimately on agricultural efficiency. We use a non-parametric method to estimate agricultural efficiency, therefore avoiding the issue of identification of the proper household agricultural production function. In addition the simar-wilson approach followed in this paper accounts for bias induced by serial correlation among farmers. A Tobit model with endogenous health production function is used to estimate the impact of malaria incidence on agricultural efficiency. Data come from the 2006 National...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Malaria; Efficiency; Tobit; Health; Agriculture; Expenses; Household; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103839
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HEALTH, BINGE DRINKING, AND LABOR MARKET SUCCESS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON YOUNG PEOPLE AgEcon
Keng, Shao-Hsun; Huffman, Wallace E..
Health, like schooling, is a form of human capital and can be expected to be positively related to labor productivity and labor supply. The production of good health and labor productivity, however, sometimes competes with an individual's lifestyle, e.g., binge drinking. In this study, an individual's health has three dimensions: current health status, binge drinking which is an unhealthy lifestyle, and stature or mature height which is a young adult's health endowment. This study presents and fits a dynamic model of an individual's demand for health, demand for binge drinking, labor supply, and wage or demand for labor equations to NLSY 1979 cohort panel data of young people. We find that binge drinking has a negative but insignificant effect on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Health; Labor productivity; Labor supply; Binge drinking; Youth; Panel data; Rational addiction; Human capital; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18252
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Malaria and National Income: Examining a Two Way Causal Relationship AgEcon
Datta, Saurabh; Reimer, Jeffrey J..
Simple plots of data show that malaria has a negative correlation with national income per capita, whether looking across countries at a point in time, or looking at a single country over time. Some countries have been able to move from an equilibrium characterized by low income and high malaria, to a new equilibrium with higher income and lower rates of malaria. This study develops and estimates a simultaneous equations model to explain these changes. We distinguish three potential causal chains: (a) the ability for decreases in malaria to increase income, (b) the ability for increases in income to reduce malaria (reverse causality), and (c) external factors that may lead to both higher income and lower malaria (incidental association). We find that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Antipoverty; GDP; Health; Economic growth; Malaria; Simultaneous equations; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; I1; I3; O1; O2.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61179
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The Economics of Obesity-Related Mortality among High Income Countries AgEcon
Huffman, Wallace E.; Huffman, Sonya Kostova; Tegene, Abebayehu; Rickertsen, Kyrre.
The high and rapidly rising adult obesity rates in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand are associated with major health risks, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and some forms of cancer; large health care costs; and premature deaths annually. For example, the death rate from diabetes mellitus has been rising in the U.S. In contrast, death rates from circulator diseases have a strong negative trend, but rising obesity rates almost certainly have slowed this trend. This paper focuses on obesity-related mortality from diabetes and circulatory diseases and establishes the econometric underpinning of an aggregate household health production function and an aggregate household health supply function using data for 15...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Health; Over nutrition; Obesity; Obesity-related mortality; High income countries; Economic factors; Household models; Food prices; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25567
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New Evidence on Overweight Children in Urban China and the Role of Socioeconomic Factors AgEcon
Dong, Fengxia; Jensen, Helen H..
Problems of overweight and obesity among children have increased in China and pose a problem both for individuals as well as for public social and health care systems. This study explores factors contributing to weight problems among children age 6 to 18 years old in urban China. Data come from the 2004 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Results from a binary probit model show that parents' being overweight, some patterns of TV use, and more frequent eating in fast food restaurants influence children being overweight. Among younger children, parent's dietary knowledge was a significant factor. For adolescents, TV habits and concern about being liked by friends were significant. The results suggest that targeted nutrition education, especially for parents...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: China; Children's nutrition; Health; Nutrition; Obesity; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6114
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Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective--Making Healthy Food Choices Easier: Ideas From Behavioral Economics AgEcon
Mancino, Lisa; Andrews, Margaret S..
With obesity the most prevalent nutrition problem facing Americans at all economic levels, promoting diets that provide adequate nutrition without too many calories has become an important objective for the Food Stamp Program. Findings from behavioral economics suggest innovative, low-cost ways to improve the diet quality of food stamp participants without restricting their freedom of choice. Unlike more traditional economic interventions, such as changing prices or banning specific foods, the strategies explored in this brief can be targeted to those participants who want help making more healthful food choices.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59436
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DAIRY '96, PART I: REFERENCE OF 1996 DAIRY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AgEcon
Ott, Stephen L..
The NAHMS Dairy '96 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's dairy animal population for education and research. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically valid sample yielding 2,542 producers. Included in the study were 20 states that represented 83.1 percent of the U.S. milk cows as of January 1, 1996. NASS interviewers collected data for Part I via a questionnaire administered on-farm from January 1 through 26, 1996. Contact for this paper: Steven Ott
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: NAHMS; Dairy; Cattle; Milk; Feed; Weaning; Culls; Health; Vaccination; Morbidity; Mortality; Births; Housing; Biosecurity; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32758
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Do Large Firms with More Technologies Pay More? AgEcon
Yu, Li; Ji, Yongjie.
Investigation of size wage premium in earning’s literature neglects the important role played by technology adoption. This study models the size selection corrected earning’s function by introducing an extra dimension of selection of technology complexity, using a sample from workers in US hog farms. The estimated wage gap between large and small farms is reduced once correction in selection is controlled. Workers compensate monetary income for better work environment, better health and more job security, in which large farms and technologically advanced farms have advantages.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Size; Technology adoption; Wage; Double selection; Agriculture; Health; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61493
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Non-Parametric Approaches to Education and Health Efficiency in OECD Countries AgEcon
Afonso, Antonio; St. Aubyn, Miguel.
We address the efficiency in education and health sectors for a sample of OECD countries by applying two alternative non-parametric methodologies: FDH and DEA. Those are two areas where public expenditure is of great importance so that findings have strong implications in what concerns public sector efficiency. When estimating the efficiency frontier we focus on measures of quantity inputs. We believe this approach to be advantageous since a country may well be efficient from a technical point of view but appear as inefficient if the inputs it uses are expensive. Efficient outcomes across sectors and analytical methods seem to cluster around a small number of core countries, even if for different reasons: Japan, Korea and Sweden.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Education; Health; Expenditure efficiency; Production possibility frontier; FDH; DEA; C14; H51; H52; I18; I21; I28.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37107
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A Non-Hypothetical and Incentive Compatible Method for Estimating Consumer Willingness-to-Pay for a Novel Functional Food: The Case of Pomegranates AgEcon
McAdams, Callie P.; Palma, Marco A.; Ishdorj, Ariun; Hall, Charles R..
A preference and valuation mechanism that compared results of an experimental auction and nonhypothetical preference rankings was developed and used to elicit preferences for pomegranate products from a representative sample of shoppers in Texas. Familiarity with pomegranate products increased willingness-to-pay (WTP) for pomegranates, as did tasting and providing additional information on the health benefits of the products. Ready-to-eat and juice products were preferred to whole fruit products. Subjects did not indicate an increased WTP for Texas varieties over California Wonderful pomegranate based on auction bids but indicated a preference for one Texas variety in the nonhypothetical ranking procedure; thus, the auction results and nonhypothetical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay; Pomegranate; Experimental auction; Ranking; Health; Novel product; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103682
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Testing environmental and health pesticide use risk indicators. The case of potato production in Boyacá, Colombia AgEcon
Feola, Giuseppe; Rahn, Eric; Binder, Claudia R..
Tropentag 2010 ETH Zurich, September 14 - 16, 2010 Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Pesticide risk; Indicators; Sustainability; Health; Environment; Colombia; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117650
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Nutrition Labeling in the Food-Away-From-Home Sector: An Economic Assessment AgEcon
Variyam, Jayachandran N..
Americans spent about 46 percent of their total food budget on food away from home in 2002, up from 27 percent in 1962. Such foods tend to be less nutritious and higher in calories than foods prepared at home, and some studies have linked eating away from home to overweight and obesity in adults and children. Current nutrition labeling law exempts much of the food-away-from-home sector from mandatory labeling regulations. Because consumers are less likely to be aware of the ingredients and nutrient content of away-from-home food than of foods prepared at home, public health advocates have called for mandatory nutrition labeling for major sources of food away from home, such as fast-food and chain restaurants. This report provides an economic assessment of...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Food labeling; Government regulation; Health; Mandatory disclosure; Nutrition information; Nutrition Labeling and Education Act; Obesity; Reformulation Acknowledgments; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7235
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Consumer health protection and Information and Communication Technology AgEcon
Misso, Rosa.
The environmental emergencies, the alimentary crisis, the increase of chronic illnesses, pushes the consumers to seek informative channels often also "virtual" as a reassurance for their own health, for the salubriousness of food and above all as a direct channel with the enterprises. For these last, then, it becomes fundamental to look at the information, to the virtual nets, and to the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) especially as powerful means of communication. Therefore, the work analyzes the role that the ICTs develop in the productive sector of ‘Mozzarella di Bufala Campana’, a particularly important product for the economy of the Region but in crisis because installed in a context of environmental emergencies that have seriously...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Health; Consumer protection; Food quality; Information and Communication Technologies.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58094
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A REVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY AND HUMAN NUTRITION ISSUES IN NEPAL AgEcon
Shively, Gerald E.; Gars, Jared; Sununtnasuk, Celeste.
Nepal faces multiple development challenges, including chronic and widespread food insecurity and adult and child malnutrition. Due to population growth, agricultural stagnation and a range of institutional failures, the threat of a serious food crisis in Nepal is substantial. The recent scaling back of WFP assistance means that food security conditions in some parts of Nepal will undoubtedly worsen in the near future. This paper presents a brief review of topics and available evidence regarding food security, malnutrition and related subjects in Nepal. It is intended to document important source material and provide an overview of topics for non-specialists or those moving into new areas of concern.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Health; Nutrition; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; I12; I31; O19; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116190
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The Role of Sensory Experiences and Information on the Willingness to Pay for Organic Wheat Bread AgEcon
Boxall, Peter C.; Cash, Sean B.; Wismer, Wendy V.; Muralidharan, Vijay; Annett, Lisa E..
This study examined the size and the determinants of the price premium a sample of Edmonton-area consumers was willing to pay for organic wheat bread. The development of these premiums included consideration of providing information on health or environmental advantages of organic production and consideration of sensory (taste) acceptance. To do this conventional and organic wheat was grown under similar conditions and milled and baked into 60% whole wheat bread under identical conditions. Samples of these breads were presented to consumers for sensory acceptance and a survey of their attitudes, behaviours and characteristics. The survey included a closed-ended contingent valuation question to examine consumers' willingness-to-pay (WTP) premiums for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Organic foods; Price premium; Willingness to pay; Taste; Health; Environment; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7712
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Child Care Practices Associated with Positive and Negative Nutritional Outcomes for Children in Bangladesh: A Descriptive Analysis AgEcon
Kumar Range, Shubh K.; Naved, Ruchira Tabassum; Bhattarai, Saroj.
Children are the most vulnerable among the malnourished population of Bangladesh. Child and maternal care practices are now being considered as important complements to increasing household income or targeted food interventions to address child growth needs. In Bangladesh, as elsewhere, many children, even in poor households, do well nutritionally, whereas others do not. This study attempts to identify characteristics of the existing child and the maternal care environment that could be used as a basis for designing policies and programs to improve the nutritional status of children. For the present study, all children between 6-18 months of age were selected from a nutrition survey of a cross section of 741 households conducted by the IFPRI Bangladesh...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Health; Child Care; Human Growth; Children; Nutritional Status; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97297
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THE ROLE OF LABELLING IN CONSUMERS’ FUNCTIONAL FOOD CHOICES AgEcon
Zou, Ning Ning (Helen); Hobbs, Jill E..
Given the credence nature of functional food attributes labelling plays a key role in allowing consumers to make informed choices about foods with enhanced health attributes. The degree to which a particular jurisdiction permits health claims for food products and the type of allowable health claim influence the information set available to consumers. In Canada the regulatory environment governing health claims for functional food products is somewhat more restrictive than in other jurisdictions, including the United States. Food manufacturers therefore also use visual imagery to suggest a health benefit, such as the picture of a red heart to imply that a product has heart health benefits. The paper characterizes these labelling strategies as “partial...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Discrete choice experiment; Latent class model; Health; Labelling; Omega-3; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116421
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DETERMINANTS OF FOOD AWAY FROM HOME AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICANS AgEcon
Pert, Calvert; Bhuyan, Sanjib.
The prominence of FAFH on consumers’ food expenditure raises some important questions, particularly those related to the health impact of such a trend. This is particularly true among African-Americans because on average African Americans are twice as likely as white Americans to develop Type 2 diabetes, which has been known to have some correlation with one’s diet. There is a plethora of studies focusing on FAFH by American consumers. However, there are very few studies that focus exclusively on African-Americans. This study tries to fill that gap.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food demand; FAFH; Minorities; Health; Nutrition; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9871
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