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| Registros recuperados: 159 | |
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| Grant, Jason H.; Boys, Kathryn A.. |
| Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Membership; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90886 |
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| Quiroga, Jose. |
| Abstract A framework for reconciling data in U.S. notifications of domestic support to the World Trade Organization (WTO) with data from numerous U.S. sources is presented. The framework also allows projections of possible data in the future U.S. notifications. A country’s calculation of the value of production (VOP) for individual agricultural products and the total value of production are important for the analysis of domestic support constraints under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and in the Doha negotiations. The framework consists of 65 linked spreadsheets, grouped into 54 data and 11 result tables. Information flows from the data tables to the result tables based on procedures deduced from the analysis of U.S. notifications. The... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Domestic support; United States; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51556 |
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| Moon, Wanki. |
| The notion of multifunctional agriculture has been actively researched from diverse disciplines including economics, ecology, sociology, and geography since emerged out of the Uruguay Round in the 1990s. In particular, the economics approach represents an attempt to tailor the concept of multifunctional agriculture to market-oriented WTO trade regime. The economics approach has been fundamentally troubled by the lack of concord among WTO member countries on the question of what constitutes multifunctional agriculture. Upon examining how differently the notion of multifunctional agriculture is perceived across the US, the EU, the Cairns group, the LDCs, and the developed food-importing countries (the G10), this article theorizes that multifunctional... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Multifunctional agriculture; Global governance of agriculture; WTO; Agricultural trade; International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119751 |
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| Tisdell, Clement A.. |
| There is a widespread belief that the WTO has made virtually no concessions to environmentalists about their concerns arising from free trade and the process of globalisation. There are concerns that these processes may undermine prospects for sustainable development. Following the United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Institute for Sustainable Development was established to advocate policies to support sustainable development within Canada and globally. In 1994, it proposed the Winnipeg Principles as a means for reconciling international trade and development so as to achieve sustainable development. These seven principles are outlined in this article and assessed. Although the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Winnipeg Principles; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48012 |
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| Rafajlovic, Juanita; Cardwell, Ryan T.. |
| Current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) World Trade Organisation negotiations include proposals that would affect the trade barriers that protect Canada’s chicken producers from foreign competition. This research analyses the effects of the most recent proposals to emerge from the DDA negotiation on Canada’s chicken industry. We develop a partial-equilibrium model that generates welfare effects for the Canadian chicken industry supply chain. We also introduce stochastic prices to evaluate the effects of world price instability on the Canadian chicken industry. The model is also adapted to represent chicken as two distinct products; white meat and dark meat. Simulation results suggest that the welfare effects of the DDA proposals on the Canadian chicken... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Chicken; Canada; Model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95814 |
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| Kerr, William A.. |
| Much has been made of "special and differential" treatment in the Doha Development Round of WTO negotiations. In particular, a conscious effort has been made to infer that special and differential treatment will promote development. While special and differential treatment may be a necessary evil given developing countries' higher adjustment costs, dignifying it as a development mechanism plays into the hands of protectionist interests. In particular, by allowing a general increase in the ability of developing countries to isolate their economies, it may reduce the efficacy of important forces that prod institutional reforms in developing countries. As institutional reform is one of the keys to economic development, lionizing special and differential... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Development; Institutional reform; Protectionism; Special and differential treatment; WTO; International Development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23896 |
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| Vincent, Michel. |
| The issue of extending geographic indicator protection to products other than wines and spirits has created wide divergences between demandeurs and opponent countries at the WTO. This article examines the economic impacts of the proposals submitted at the WTO by these two groups of countries, focusing mainly on market access, generic names and impacts for the consumer in North America. Results from our survey show that reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers in North America would be more important in improving market access for EU geographical indications (GIs) than would GI extension. In addition, it would appear that North American consumers may not benefit from extension of protection to products other than wines and spirits.. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Generic names; Geographical indications; Market access; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9383 |
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| Condon, Bradly; Sinha, Tapen. |
| In the NAFTA, the United States agreed to phase out restrictions on the operation of Mexican trucking companies in the United States. When the deadlines came, the Clinton Administration chose to maintain the restrictions. Following a NAFTA panel ruling against the United States, the Bush Administration announced it would remove the restrictions. The decision has met with opposition from both truckers and insurers in the United States, who cite safety concerns. This article examines the economic, political and legal forces at work in this debate, as well as the relationship between the NAFTA and WTO rules on trade in services that apply. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Insurance; Trucking; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23873 |
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| Meilke, Karl D.. |
| When high prices or natural calamities result in starvation and political unrest in the developing world emergency food aid is the best short run response. However, over a longer time frame it is important to have in place international rules that allow the market to function to help alleviate food shortages rather than making them worse. Given Canada’s trading position we have a huge stake in getting these rules right. Although the future of the Doha Round is unclear there is still time to make a start on developing better rules for export prohibitions, restrictions and export taxes that would serve the world better in times of shortage. A first step would be effective disciplines on the use of export taxes, and export restrictions and embargo’s. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: WTO; Food; Crisis; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43467 |
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| Benitah, Marc. |
| The recent WTO cotton ruling has led to a paradoxical result for the United States, a result that seems a textbook illustration of the "law of unintended consequences". Indeed, during the Uruguay Round negotiations of the present WTO agreements, the United States refused to put agricultural export credits in the category of agricultural export subsidies, where they would then have been subject only to reduction commitments. Paradoxically, the United States finds itself now in a position where these same agricultural export credits that it did not condescend to reduce during the Uruguay Round are openly considered as prohibited export subsidies. This article analyses and criticizes the tortuous legal path followed by the cotton panel before arriving at such... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agreement on Agriculture; Brazil; Cotton; Doha Round; Export credits; Export subsidies; SCM; United States; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23893 |
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| Gohin, Alexandre; Bureau, Jean-Christophe. |
| The various assessments of the effects of a liberalization of world sugar markets are inconsistent with each other. One cause seems to be the modeling of the EU supply response. We investigate three possible linkages between sugar production under quota and the out-of-quota or "C" sugar supply: i/ the existence of fixed costs covered by the in-quota sugar; ii / the "overshooting" behavior as prevention against poor yields; iii/ the production of C sugar as "reference building" in view of expected reforms. Modeling these effects results in the introduction of an implicit crosssubsidy between in-quota sugar and C sugar. The resulting specification is included in a detailed model of the EU agricultural sector so as to account for intersectoral linkages. We... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Common agricultural policy; Sugar; General equilibrium models; WTO; International Relations/Trade; D58; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18872 |
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| Blandford, David. |
| The impact of domestic support on trade is likely to become an increasingly important issue in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. Domestic support expenditures are increasing and existing disciplines on forms and levels of support are weak. While a shift from market price support to output subsidies should be less trade distorting, such support may not be minimally distorting as required under the so-called green-box criteria. Proposals submitted by WTO members could further expand permissible support measures and weaken disciplines on their use. In some cases, most notably support provided in pursuit of environmental objectives, there may be a contradiction between the aims of support measures and the requirement that these should be minimally trade... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic support; Green box; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23857 |
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| Registros recuperados: 159 | |
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