SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Manera, Matteo; Nicolini, Marcella; Vignati, Ilaria.

This paper analyses futures prices for four energy commodities (light sweet crude oil, heating oil, gasoline and natural gas) and five agricultural commodities (corn, oats, soybean oil, soybeans and wheat), over the period 1986-2010. Using CCC and DCC multivariate GARCH models, we find that financial speculation is poorly significant in modelling returns in commodities futures while macroeconomic factors help explaining returns in commodities futures. Moreover, spillovers between commodities are present and the conditional correlations among commodities are high and time-varying.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Energy; Commodities; Futures Markets; Financial Speculation; Multivariate GARCH; Financial Economics; C32; G13; Q11; Q43.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122868

Bringing pumps to people: giving the poor better access to groundwater irrigation: sustainable approaches and options for eastern India

International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program.

The State government has a vital role to play in developing groundwater resources to help improve the lot of the poorest people in eastern India's rural communities. Many States have tried to achieve this over the past 50 years through centrally planned public tube-well programs. Recently published research says that most of these efforts have failed to bring irrigation or improved livelihoods to the poor. This research shows how policy makers can have a significant positive impact on poverty reduction by removing pump subsidies and opening pump markets to international competition. Subsidies and import restrictions have kept pump prices in India artificially inflated, by more than 35-45%, over those of neighbouring Pakistan and Bangladesh. If a 'shock...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Groundwater irrigation; Pumps; Tube wells; Energy; Electricity supplies; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113062

Factors Affecting Direct and Indirect Energy Use in U.S. Corn Production

Musser, Wesley N.; Lambert, Dayton M.; Daberkow, Stan G..

The recent volatility of energy prices has numerous policy implications for agriculture. A better understanding of the factors associated with energy consumption as related to crop production management decisions and technology use may provide insight about how producers might respond to program or market incentives targeting energy use in particular, and soil and water conservation in general. Adoption of minimum tillage could reduce erosion and improved fertilizer management practices could reduce nitrogen runoff. Energy costs may be reduced with adoption of reduced tillage technology, improved drying and irrigation systems, or more careful attention to the application and timing of fertilizers.

Dynamic adjustments in the Dutch greenhouse sector due to environmental regulations

Palavras-chave: Energy; Fuel; Nitrogen; Farm management; Technology; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q40.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21063

Verreth, Daphne M.I.; Emvalomatis, Grigorios; Bunte, Frank H.J.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M..

Horticultural firms are dependent on energy to produce, while policy makers focus on reducing the use of energy and investment in energy-saving technologies. The paper aimed to asses Dutch greenhouse farmers‘ responses to policies that would affect prices of different energy inputs. The farmer’s behaviour is modelled in two steps: firms are assumed to maximize profit at given energy use level, and firms are assumed to minimize the discounted sum of energy costs. The model is estimated using farm survey data spanning the period 2001-2008. Short-run and long-run elasticities with respect to prices and investments in energy-using technology are estimated. The greenhouse sector shows a fast adjustment of energy capital towards its long-run equilibrium. This...

Dynamic and static behaviour with respect to energy use and investment of Dutch Greenhouse firms

Palavras-chave: Greenhouse horticulture; Energy; Dynamic duality; Adjustment costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; C51; C61; D92; Q12; Q18; Q48..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99364

Verreth, Daphne M.I.; Emvalomatis, Grigorios; Bunte, Frank H.J.; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M..

Dutch greenhouse horticultural firms are energy-intensive and major emitters of greenhouse gases. This paper develops a theoretically consistent model that is able to describe the greenhouse firms` behaviour regarding energy use and investments in energy technology. The behaviour of the firm is modelled using a combination of a dynamic cost function and a static profit function framework. This paper derives the optimal quantity of energy and energy capital from the link between these two functions. The model is applied to a panel of 97 Dutch greenhouse firms over the period 2001-2008. The results show that most Dutch greenhouse firms shift from being net electricity users to net electricity producers in the long run. Investing in energy capital contribute...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Greenhouse horticulture; Energy; Dynamic duality; Short-run marginal cost; Adjustment costs; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123508

Understanding the Underlying Fundamentals of Ethanol Markets: Linkages between Energy and Agriculture

Tokgoz, Simla; Elobeid, Amani E..

This study analyzes the impact of price shocks in three input and output markets critical to ethanol: gasoline, corn, and sugar. We investigate the impact of these shocks on ethanol and related agricultural markets in the United States and Brazil. We find that the composition of a country's vehicle fleet determines the direction of the response of ethanol consumption to changes in the gasoline price. We also find that a change in feedstock costs affects the profitability of ethanol producers and the domestic ethanol price. In Brazil, where two commodities compete for sugarcane, changes in the sugar market affect the competing ethanol market.

Climate Change, Energy Demand and Market Power in a General Equilibrium Model of the World Economy

Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Energy; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q11; Q18; Q42.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9795

Roson, Roberto; Bosello, Francesco; De Cian, Enrica.

Future energy demand will be affected by changes in prices and income, but also by other factors, like temperature levels. This paper draws upon an econometric study, disentangling the contribution of temperature in the determination of the annual regional demand for energy goods. Combining estimates of temperature elasticities with scenarios of future climate change, it is possible to assess variations in energy demand induced (directly) by the global warming. We use this information to simulate a change in the demand structure of households in a CGE model of the world economy, in a set of assessment exercises. The changing demand structure triggers a structural adjustment process, influencing trade flows, regional competitiveness of industries and...

Economic Competitiveness of Bioenergy Production and Effects on Agriculture of the Southern Region

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Energy; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Imperfect Competition; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D58; F12; Q43; Q54.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9095

English, Burton C.; Torre Ugarte, Daniel de la; Walsh, Marie E.; Hellwinckel, Chad M.; Menard, R. Jamey.

The economic competitiveness of biobased industries is discussed by comparing the South relative to other regions of the United States and biomass as a feedstock source relative to fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. An estimate of the biomass resource base is provided. Estimated changes in the agricultural sector over time resulting from the development of a large-scale biobased industry are reported, and a study on the potential to produce electricity from biomass compared with coal in the southern United States is reviewed. A biobased industry can increase net farm income and enhance economics development and job creation.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biobased industries; Biomass; Cofire; Energy; Ethanol; Lignocellulosic; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q41; R15; Q11.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43775

Understand the energy demand behaviours for a sustainable management of the natural resources in Cameroon.

Nkendah, Robert.

In order to fall under a prospect for sustainable management of the natural resources in Cameroon, this communication tries, using a 1996 survey carried out from 400 households in the towns of Yaounde, Mbalmayo and Ebolowa, to understand the demand behaviours of the urban households, with respect to the various sources of energy. The work aims to highlight the place of the firewood like source of energy. The results obtained confirm the important place of the firewood in its various forms like source of energy in urban areas and thus indicating a threat on the future of the natural resources, in particular forest, in Cameroon. The income-elasticity analysis showed that, contrary to "modern" fuels that are the oil and the gas which are normal goods, the...

The Impact of Energy Markets on the EU Agricultural Sector

Palavras-chave: Energy; Household surveys; Demand; Income-elasticity; Natural resources; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7927

Tokgoz, Simla.

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of crude oil prices on the EU agricultural sector in an era when the biofuels sector is expanding because of policy initiatives and the desire to find alternative fuel sources. To this end, first a baseline is set up for the EU ethanol, grain, and dried distillers grains markets. In the next step, two different scenarios are run. The first scenario incorporates a 10-Euros-per-barrel increase in the EU crude oil price with the ethanol import tariffs in place. The second scenario incorporates the same shock with the ethanol import tariffs removed. In the first scenario, higher crude oil prices increase ethanol consumption, production, and therefore grain prices. In the second scenario, the impact of trade...

AGRICULTURAL PRICE VOLATILITY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: The Impact of Multiple Objectives on Commodity Prices

Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic models; Energy; Trade analysis and policy.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Marketing.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47051

Fuss, Sabine; Havlik, Petr; Szolgayova, Jana; Obersteiner, Michael; Schmid, Erwin.

Agricultural price volatility has moved to the forefront of research efforts and political discussion, where much work is already being undertaken with respect to the impact of fluctuations in input prices (e.g. fertilizer, feed and energy). In this paper we also want to take into account the impact of climate change on prices via increased volatility in crop yields. In addition, we analyze the impact of having multiple objectives competing for the land on which crops are grown. In particular, we want to address the concerns that have been voiced about biofuel targets and calls for prioritization of food security.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Energy; Food security; Food price volatility; Optimization under uncertainty; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q18; Q28; C61; D81.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122539

BIO-ENERGY FROM WINERY BY-PRODUCTS: A NEW MULTIFUNCTIONAL TOOL FOR THE ITALIAN WINE DISTRICTS

Begalli, Diego; Codurri, Stefano; Gaeta, Davide.

This paper aims to investigate if the legislation will allow the production of energy from winery by-products and how this can contribute to multifunctionality of the wine makers’ income. A medium size winery was selected and an anaerobic digestor process was simulated using the company’s data. The main methods of financial evaluation were studied to create information to see if the project concepts were valid. The results highlight the positive level of earnings that the project will generate due to the high level of methane included in the pressings that could be transformed in energy, the short period needed for obtaining methane and the recent substantial level of government support both in Green Certificates and financing of the initial cost of the...

Market Structure and the Penetration of Alternative Energy Technologies

Palavras-chave: Biomass; Winery by-products; Multifunctionality; Energy; Wine district; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57492

Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos.

Energy market prices ignore external effects, hence miss-allocate energy generation between (polluting) fossil fuels and (clean) solar technologies. Correcting the failure requires understanding the market allocation forces at hand. An important feature of solar energy is that its cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investments in capital infrastructure (rather than to the actual supply rate) and this feature has far reaching implications for the market allocation outcome. Studying the market allocation process, we specify the conditions under which solar technologies penetrate the energy sector. The framework is then used to analyze policy regulation in the form of taxing fossil energy and subsidizing investments in solar energy. The first...

Macroeconomic and welfare consequences of high energy prices

Palavras-chave: Energy; Solar technologies; Fossil fuels; Price thresholds; Regulation; Environmental damage; Learning by doing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Marketing; C61; Q42; Q58.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47174

Twimukye, Evarist P.; Matovu, John Mary.

The current wave of volatile international oil process coupled with the low hydro-energy generation continues to exert negative impacts on the Ugandan economy. This paper analyzes the extent to which changes in energy prices affect the economy and examines policy options that can be undertaken to circumvent the negative effects. The impact of higher oil prices takes a large toll on all sectors including agriculture, manufacturing and services. With the existing loses in productivity of generating hydro electricity, this has exacerbated the energy crisis. The combined output loss for the manufacturing sector due to increase in fuel prices and a shortage of electricity is estimated at 2 percent on annual basis. While the government has title control on the...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Oil; Energy; Hydro-electricity; Public investment; Twimukye; Matovu; EPRC; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54803

ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS: FUTURO DO PLANETA E INCLUSÃO SOCIAL

Pacheco, Carlos Thadeu.

Atualmente, cerca de 5% de toda a energia produzida no planeta é de fonte renovável. O grande mercado energético brasileiro e mundial poderá dar sustentação a um imenso programa de geração de emprego e renda a partir da produção do biodiesel. Mais do que opções de matérias-primas, existem diferenças importantes com relação aos conhecimentos tecnológicos utilizados para a produção e consumo de biodiesel e derivados de petróleo, que os configuram como trajetórias tecnológicas distintas e concorrentes no mercado de combustíveis.-----------------------------------Currently, about 5% of all the energy produced in the planet it is of renewable source. The great Brazilian and world-wide energy market iwill be able to give to sustentation to an immense program of...

Energy and Economic Development: An Assessment of the State of Knowledge

Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Produção; Consumo; Petróleo; Energético; Production; Oil; Energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108167

Toman, Michael; Jemelkova, Barbora.

Energy development is an integral part of enhanced economic development. The fact that expanded provision and use of energy services is strongly associated with economic development leaves open how important energy is as a causal factor in economic development, however; and energy development competes with other opportunities for scarce capital and opportunities for policy and institutional reform. In this paper we first give a brief conceptual discussion that seeks to identify the channels through which increased availability of energy services might be a key to stimulating economic development along different stages of the development process. We then examine some empirical work to see what evidence it might provide regarding possible channels of...

Emissions Trading and the Convergence of the Australian Electricity and Transport Markets

Palavras-chave: Energy; Economic development; Productivity; Poverty alleviation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10685

Reedman, Luke J.; Graham, Paul W..

Bottom up partial equilibrium modelling of the energy sector has tended to focus on the electricity sector given its typically large share of total emissions, the deregulation of that market in many countries and the relatively well understood technology options. In contrast, this paper employs a model of the energy sector to investigate the proportion electricity and transport may contribute given the relative cost of abatement in those sectors, for specified emission targets. A related issue is the potential convergence of the two sectors through greater uptake of electrically powered transport.

The effect of biofuel on the international oil market

Palavras-chave: Energy; Emissions trading; Electricity and transport; Integrated modelling; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6042

Hochman, Gal; Rajagopal, Deepak; Zilberman, David.

This paper derives a method to quantify the short- to medium-run impact of biofuel on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by cartel of oil-rich countries, and that prices in these countries are set to maximize the sum of domestic consumer and producer surplus, leading to a wedge between domestic and international fuel prices. We model this behavior by applying the optimal export tax model (henceforth, the cartel-of-nations model) to the fuel markets. Using data from 2007 to calibrate the model, we show that the introduction of biofuels lowered global gasoline and diesel consumption and international fuel prices by about 1% and 2%, respectively. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the...

The Impact of Demographic and Structural Change on Transport Use

Palavras-chave: Energy; OPEC; Biofuel; Fuel; Carbon savings; Optimal export tax model; Cheap oil; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F1; Q4.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61722

Ballingall, John; Steel, Doug.

The 2002 New Zealand Transport Strategy states that in the long run, economic development and transport activity need not be directly related. This implies that a degree of „decoupling‟ is required – that economic development needs to occur without similar growth in transport. Before evaluating the possible impacts of policies that may be introduced to achieve decoupling, it is vital to consider what might happen to the relationship between economic development and transport over the next 50 or 100 years. Two key factors that are likely to impact upon this relationship in the future are demographic change and structural change. This paper suggests that in the absence of any policy change, some decoupling of economic development and transport may take place...

Energy-Based Economic Development: Mapping the Developing Country Context

Palavras-chave: Transport; Economic development; Decoupling; Demographics; Energy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97782