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Risk measurement: an introduction to value at risk AgEcon
Linsmeier, Thomas J.; Pearson, Neil D..
This paper is a self-contained introduction to the concept and methodology of "value at risk," which is a new tool for measuring an entity's exposure to market risk. We explain the concept of value at risk, and then describe in detail the three methods for computing it: historical simulation; the variance-covariance method; and Monte Carlo or stochastic simulation. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods for computing value at risk. Finally, we briefly describe some alternative measures of market risk.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14796
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Maximizing Probability of Return as a Method to Consider Risk in Farm Planning Models AgEcon
Kaiser, Eddie H.; Robinson, Bobby H..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1982 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116879
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Savings and technology choice for risk averse farmers AgEcon
Brennan, Donna C..
Farmers in developing countries have limited opportunities for borrowing to even out variability associated with risky farm income, but they can save. A dynamic programming model of savings is presented in the current paper which examines optimal savings strategies for farmers, using a case study of integrated rice-shrimp farms in Vietnam. It is shown that when savings are accounted for, the expected utility ranking of different risky farm choices may not differ that much between farmers with different levels of risk aversion.
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118593
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ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF RISK IN COMMODITY SUPPLY MODELS: AN ANALYSIS OF SOW FARROWING DECISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AgEcon
Holt, Matthew T.; Moschini, GianCarlo.
The role of price risk in sow farrowings is investigated by using bivariate ARCH-M and GARCH-M models and a nonparametric kernel estimator. To account for the relevant time horizon of irreversible supply decisions, predictions for mean price and conditional price variance are iterated forward. The empirical results vary markedly in terms of their implications for risk response in hog supply decisions, with the ARCH-M and GARCH-M models suggesting a small and negative risk effect. Estimates of the marginal risk premium also indicate moderate and variable departures from marginal cost pricing in sow farrowing supply decisions.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30737
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PROCUREMENT RISKS AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE QUALITY CONSISTENCY IN WHEAT SHIPMENTS AgEcon
Wilson, William W.; Dahl, Bruce L..
Consistency of functional characteristics in wheat is a concern confronting buyers and sellers. This research analyzes the cost and risk of different procurement strategies for importers. A stochastic simulation model is used to determine the probability of a functional characteristic being satisfied subject to quality targets and costs for alternative purchase strategies (purchase by protein only, variety, location, variety by location, or functional tests). Joint probabilities of meeting specifications and costs were determined for the alternative purchase strategies. Stochastic dominance was used to determine which purchase strategies dominate others, and stochastic efficiency was utilized to determine the degree of preference. Results indicate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Buying Strategies; Location; Variety; Functional Characteristic Tests; Costs; Risks; Simulation; Stochastic Dominance; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23498
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Zur Reduzierung niederschlagsbedingter Produktionsrisiken mit Wetterderivaten AgEcon
Musshoff, Oliver; Odening, Martin; Xu, Wei.
In this paper we price a precipitation option based on empirical weather data from Germany using different pricing methods, among them the burn analysis, index value simulation and daily simulation. For that purpose we develop a daily precipitation model. Moreover, a decorrelation analysis is proposed to analyse the spatial basis risk that is inherent to rainfall derivatives. The models are applied to precipitation data in Brandenburg, Germany. Based on simplifying assumptions of the production function we quantify and compare the risk exposure of grain producers with and without rainfall insurance. It turns out that a considerable risk remains with producers who are located remotely from the weather station. Another finding is that significant differences...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Weather risk; Weather derivatives; Precipitation model; Basis risk; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18822
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A COMPARISON OF RISK EFFICIENCY CRITERIA IN EVALUATING GROUNDNUT PERFORMANCE IN DROUGHT-PRONE AREAS AgEcon
Bailey, Elizabeth; Boisvert, Richard N..
This paper contributes to an evaluation of the performance of ground nuts in drought-prone areas by estimating yield response functions to water from experimental data. They are combined with meteorological data to simulate yields by location. Efficient genotypes are identified by several risk criteria. Genotype rankings based on these risk criteria and simulated yields are different from those based on experimental data and plant scientists' traditional methods of evaluation.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22997
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Safe Minimum Standards in Dynamic Resource Problems -- Conditions for Living on the Edge of Risk AgEcon
Margolis, Michael; Naevdal, Eric.
Safe Minimum Standards (SMSs) have been advocated as a policy rule for environmental problems where uncertainty about risks and consequences are thought to be profound. This paper explores the rationale for such a policy within a dynamic framework and derives conditions for when SMSs can be summarily dismissed as a policy choice and for when SMSs can be defended as an optimal policy based on standard economic criteria. We have determined that these conditions can be checked with quite limited information about damages and risks. In order to analyze the SMSs in a dynamic setting, we have developed a method for solving optimal control problems where the state space is divided into risky and non-risky subsets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Safe minimum standards; Optimal control; Critical zone; Threshold effects; Mixed risk spaces; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; Q20; Q30.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10568
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CREATING AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN THABA NCHU BY INTRODUCING WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES: A PROFITABILITY AND RISK ANALYSIS AgEcon
Baiphethi, Mompati N.; Viljoen, Machiel F.; Kundhlande, Godfrey.
Thaba Nchu is a semi-arid area with low and erratic annual rainfall not exceeding 600mm. Various dryland crops are produced with relatively low yields and high risk of failure. Lack of appropriate technology and other constraints has led to most of the arable land being unused thus restricting agribusiness opportunities in an area where unemployment and food insecurity are thriving. Rainwater harvesting has a huge potential to increase crop yields in Thaba Nchu and reduce the risk of losses, and thus improve food security and enhance sustainability. Different in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) techniques have been tested and applied at Glen and Thaba Nchu. This paper gives comparative results for three crops produced with regard to relative...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19076
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Food security in Uganda: a dilemma to achieving the millennium development goal AgEcon
Ssewanyana, Sarah N.; Kasirye, Ibrahim.
The status of food security in Uganda is worrying. The share of Ugandans suffering from food insecurity measured in terms of caloric intake is alarmingly high with low rates of income poverty. Based on the 2005/06 Uganda National Household Survey data, the study provides insights into access to food at household level. More importantly, the study shows that average caloric intake stood at 1,970 calories per person per day, which is below the minimum caloric requirement of 2,200 calories. As such, a population of 17.5 million Ugandans in 3.1 million households were unable to meet the minimum caloric requirement in 2006. This raises questions on whether Uganda will be able to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1: halving extreme poverty and hunger...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food security; Caloric intake; Famine; Ssewanyana; Food prices; EPRC; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113614
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Risk Efficient Strategies for Using Winter Wheat Pasture AgEcon
Taylor, Karen W.; Epplin, Francis M.; Peel, Derrell S..
Replaced with revised version of paper 08/31/06.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35393
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AN ECONOMIC AND RISK ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AND NITROGEN SOURCE ON SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN CORN PRODUCTION AgEcon
Pendell, Dustin L.; Boyles, Scott B.; Williams, Jeffery R.; Rice, Charles W.; Nelson, Richard G..
The economic potential of no-tillage versus conventional tillage to sequester soil carbon using either commercial nitrogen or manure for continuous corn production is evaluated. Results indicate which system provides the highest net returns, which system is preferred by risk averse decision makers, and the price of carbon credits under alternative risk aversion preferences.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34770
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Impact of Russia and Ukraine on the international price formation and the EU markets - A Model based analysis AgEcon
Banse, Martin; Salamon, Petra; Ledebur, Oliver von; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Bouma, Foppe; Salputra, Guna; Fellmann, Thomas; Nekhay, Olexandr.
This paper examines the effect of the future developments of Russian and Ukrainian agricultural sectors and their impact on the world market prices for arable crops. Employed in the study is AGMEMOD, a partial equilibrium economic model of EU agriculture at the Member State level that has been extended by Russia and Ukraine to gain quantitative insights. Vital for the project has also been the integration of an endogenous world market price module including a stylized Rest of the World (ROW) model. In Russia and Ukraine, there is a strong focus on plant production in general and on grain based animal production; Russia and Ukraine are mostly net-exports of those products. Under the baseline, in Russia prices for crops and oilseeds are below the world...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium model; Price formation; Russia; Ukraine; Agricultural and Food Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122536
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RISK ASSESSMENT FOR FOODBORNE ILLNESS AgEcon
Gardner, Ian A..
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33070
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Including risk in enterprise decisions in Australia’s riskiest businesses AgEcon
Keogh, Mick.
This study uses measures of revenue volatility to make comparisons between the business environments experienced by Australian and international farm businesses, and also between Australian farm businesses and businesses in other sectors of the Australian economy. The results indicate that Australian farm business managers operate in a more volatile business environment than is the case for virtually all national agriculture sectors world-wide, and also that businesses involved in Australian agriculture experience more than twice the level of volatility on average of businesses in other sectors of the Australian economy. These findings highlight the differences between agricultural and non-agricultural businesses, and therefore the need for different...
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124202
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Managing Crop Production Risk with Crop Index Insurance Products AgEcon
Deng, Xiaohui; Barnett, Barry J.; Yu, Yingzhuo; Hoogenboom, Gerrit.
Index crop insurance products can eliminate the asymmetric information problem inherent in farm-level multiple peril crop insurance. Purchasers of index insurance products are, however, exposed to basis risk. This study examines the feasibility of various index insurance products for corn farms in southern Georgia. Index insurance products considered are based on county yields, cooling degree days, and predicted yields from a crop simulation model.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35607
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Contractual Arrangements of Traders in Chinese Wholesale Markets AgEcon
Yu, Xiaohua; Abler, David G.; Zeng, Yinchu.
Using a survey data of 700 traders, this study scrutinizes contract choices and enforcement for agricultural traders in China. This study finds that market service and environment are very important for both contract choices and enforcement. Better market service and environment can increase the propensity of using contract and the probability of contract enforcement both for purchase and sales of products. Education and memberships of special associations are also important for contract choices and enforcement. Higher education and affiliation to special associations for traders can increase the propensity of contracts and reduce contract breaches. However, the formats of contracts, whether contracts are oral or written, are not important for contract...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural Contract; Trader; Wholesale Market; China; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Development; Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty; L14; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51399
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Measuring the economic benefits and costs of Bluetongue virus outbreak and control strategies in Scotland AgEcon
Fofana, Abdulai; Toma, Luiza; Moran, Dominic; Gunn, George J.; Stott, Alistair W..
This paper provides an ex-ante economic analysis, comparing six alternative control strategies for the eradication of Bluetongue virus 8 against five incursion scenarios in cattle and sheep populations. The economic analysis assumes a common baseline unavoidable cost of public and private measures that together contribute to prevention of incursion of BTV8 into Scotland. These costs continue over the five year horizon of this analysis regardless of whether a BTV8 epidemic ensues in Scotland and their total present value was found to be approximately £141m over the 5year period. The benefit of this investment is the costs of a BTV8 outbreak avoided; which depends on the time, location and nature of the incursion, on the control strategies adopted to counter...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Bluetongue virus; Epidemiology; Direct and indirect costs; Benefit analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51052
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Water management development and agriculture in Syria AgEcon
Haddad, George; Szeles, Ivett; Zsarnoczai, J. Sandor.
Irrigated agriculture has increased steadily in Syria over the last decades, almost doubling since 1985. This mounting pace has responded to the nation’s food security policy objectives to satisfy the food production needs of an increasing population that features one of the largest growth rates in the world, namely 3,50 percent in 1985 and still 3,39 percent in 2007. Total expenditures for irrigated agriculture accounted for almost 70 percent of all expenditures in agriculture. Sustainable irrigation water policies aimed at increasing the efficiency of water use in agriculture and at conserving water resources by reducing future consumption. The Euphrates River is 2.800 km long and its middle traverses a wide floodplain in Syria, where it is used...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Water utilisation; Water management; Modern irrigation technologies; Benefits of agricultural sector; Governmental supports; Total Renewable Water Resources (TRWR); Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47546
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Alternative Hedging Strategies in Maize Production to Cope with Climate Variability and Change AgEcon
Fuhrer, Jurg; Beniston, Martin; Calanca, Pierluigi; Torriani, Daniele Simone.
Climate change with increasing climate variability is likely to alter risks in agricultural production. The effectiveness of using weather derivatives to hedge against drought risks for rain-fed grain maize production was investigated for current (1981-2003) and future (2070- 2100) climates in Switzerland. The climate change scenario was extrapolated from results of a regional climate model (HIRHAM4) based on the IPCC A2 emission scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the mean and variance of the initial probability space for the seasonal precipitation sum. Profits and risks with and without hedging were compared using the analogy of the value-at-risk measure (VaR), i.e., a quantile-based measure of risk. A Monte Carlo chain...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climatic change; Climate risks; Drought; Maize production; Weather derivatives; Hedging; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9275
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