SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kiehl,J.C.; Silveira,R.I.; Brito Neto,J..

The effect of rate and method of urea application on the yield of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. IPA-1) was evaluated on a Red-Yellow Latosol (Psamentic Haplortox) of Arapiraca and on a Solodic Planosol (Ustalf) of Igaci, both sandy-clay-loams located in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Rates of 30,60 and 90 kg N/ha were applied placing the urea totally in the furrow at planting time; totally sidedressed twenty days after planting, mixed or not with the soil; or 1/3 of the amount in the furrow at planting plus 2/3 sidedressed twenty days after planting, mixed or not with the soil. Bean yield responses to nitrogen followed quadratic equations. In the Red-Yellow Latosol response to nitrogen occurred up to the rate of 66 kg N/ha, while in the Solodic...

Stalk yield and technological attributes of planted cane as related to nitrogen fertilization

Palavras-chave: Bean; Urea; Nitrogen; Method of application.

Ano: 1993

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90161993000200013

Franco,Henrique Coutinho Junqueira; Trivelin,Paulo Cesar Ocheuze; Carlos Eduardo,Faroni; Vitti,André Cesar; Otto,Rafael.

A still unclear question related to sugarcane cropping refers to the low response of the planted cane to nitrogen fertilization. Two experiments were carried out in areas under a Typic Hapludox, located in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, and an Arenic Kandiudult, located in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate planted cane response to nitrogen fertilization at planting. The experimental design was organized as random blocks and treatments consisted of three N rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 N-urea) and a control without N. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied to the bottom of the planting furrow and then incorporated into the soil. During the maximum growth stage, +1 leaf samples were collected from all experimental plots...

Cloning of putative ureG genes from Glomus intraradices and urease activities in tobacco arbuscular mycorrhizal roots

Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp.; Nitrogen; Urea.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162010000500012

Takahashi,Daniele; Ditt,Renata Fava; Lambais,Marcio R..

Even though the major benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizae is the increased uptake of phosphate from the soil solution and translocation to the plant, changes in the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen (N) metabolism have been detected in mycorrhizal roots. Using differential display of reverse-transcripts of tobacco roots not-inoculated or inoculated with Glomus intraradices (Gi), we have cloned two partial cDNAs (NtGi2 and NtGi3). The presence of a conserved CobW/HypB/UreG domain and phylogenetic analyses suggest that NtGi2 and NtGi3 encode isoforms of urease accessory protein G (ureG) highly similar to ureG from fungi. The steady state levels of the putative ureG transcripts were shown to be higher in roots colonized by Gi, as compared to...

Residual recovery and yield performance of nitrogen fertilizer applied at sugarcane planting

Palavras-chave: Nicotiana tabacum; DDRT-PCR; Arbuscular mycorrhiza; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Nitrogen.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162009000200016

Franco,Henrique Coutinho Junqueira; Otto,Rafael; Vitti,André Cesar; Faroni,Carlos Eduardo; Oliveira,Emídio Cantídio de Almeida; Fortes,Caio; Ferreira,Danilo Alves; Kölln,Oriel Tiago; Garside,Alan Leslie; Trivelin,Paulo Cesar Ocheuze.

ABSTRACTThe low effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is a substantial concern that threatens global sugarcane production. The aim of the research reported in this paper was to assess the residual effect of N-fertilizer applied at sugarcane planting over four crop seasons in relation to sugarcane crop yield. Toward this end three field experiments were established in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during February of 2005 and July of 2009, in a randomized block design with four treatments: 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha−1 of N applied as urea during sugarcane planting. Within each plot, a microplot was established to which 15N-labeled urea was applied. The application of N at planting increased plant cane yield in two of the three sites and sucrose content at...

Contribution of nitrogen from sugarcane harvest residues and urea for crop nutrition

Palavras-chave: Saccharum; Urea; Nitrogen fertilization; Isotopic technique.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000600528

Fortes,Caio; Vitti,André Cesar; Otto,Rafael; Ferreira,Danilo Alves; Franco,Henrique Coutinho Junqueira; Trivelin,Paulo Cesar Ocheuze.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) harvested without burning provides a substantial amount of remains (trash) on soil profiles which can be decomposed and release nutrients contributing to reduce fertilizer needs. The contribution of nitrogen (N) from sugarcane plant residues and fertilizer in sugarcane nutrition was assessed. Plant cane treatments were micro plots of 15N-labeled urea, sugarcane trash and root system; the last two to simulate the previous crop residues incorporated into the soil after crop renewal. For ratoons, N-ammonium nitrate (N-AN) micro plots, 150 kg ha-1 of N-AN and control (0 kg ha-1) were set up to evaluate the contribution of trash in N supply and quantify the effects of N-fertilizer on N-trash mineralization. The N balances derived from...

Soil organic matter as a function of nitrogen fertilization in crop successions

Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp.; 15N isotope; N balance; Urea; Straw; Roots and rhizomes.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162013000500005

Yagi,Renato; Ferreira,Manoel Evaristo; Cruz,Mara Cristina Pessôa da; Barbosa,José Carlos; Araújo,Luiz Alberto Navarro de.

The interdependence between the C and N cycles is reflected by the levels of soil organic matter (SOM). SOM and organic C levels in water soluble (C-WS) humic acids (C-HA), fulvic acids (C-FA), and humin fractions (C-H) were evaluated through the classic chemical fractionation method in samples of a Rhodic Eutrudox from a randomized blocks experimental design, with split-split-plots using five nitrogen sidedressing levels for corn (0; 60; 120; 180; and 240 kg ha-1 N) as the main treatment, two crop sequences (corn-corn and soybean-corn) as the secondary treatment, and two sampling depths (0 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 0.4 m) as a sub-subtreatment. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect SOM levels, but favored the synthesis of substances in the C-HA fraction. There...

Cumulative effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on the fourth-year corn grown on reddish brown lateritic soil

Palavras-chave: Humic acids; Humin; Urea; Corn; Soybean.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162005000400011

Amnat Suwanarit; Chairerk Suwannarat; Sodsai Changsaluk.

1 table

Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Yields; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Reddish brown lateritic soil; Cumulative effect; ข้าวโพด; การเจริญเติบโต; ปุ๋ยยูเรีย; แอมโมเนียมซัลเฟต; ดินสีแดงชุดปากช่อง.

Ano: 1989

URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4353

ผลของซัลเฟตและยูเรียต่อการผลิตก๊าซมีเทนในดินนาภายใต้สภาพการบ่มดินในห้องปฏิบัติการ

Patcharee Senjaen; Sophoanrith Ro; Thepparit Tulaphitak.

Methane is one of important greenhouse gases emitted from submerged paddy soil under anaerobic condition. The objective of the present experiment was to study the influence of sulfate and urea on methane production in paddy soil. Four rates of sulfate (0, 50, 100 and 210 kg SO42- ha-1) were set up by using ammonium phosphate (16-20-0, 42 % sulfate) with the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O for each treatment being balanced by using urea, rock phosphate and potassium chloride. In addition, soil without urea application was prepared. All soils were incubated in bottles for 21 days in oxygen-free nitrogen ambient. Result showed that there is a linear relationship with negative correlation between methane production in soil and sulfate contents. The soil without urea...

Tipo: Collection

Palavras-chave: Methane; Paddy soil; Sulfate; Urea; Soil incubation; ก๊าซมีเทน; ดินนา; ซัลเฟต; ยูเรีย; การบ่มดิน; ปุ๋ยแอมโมเนียมฟอสเฟต.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5283

การศึกษาการเพิ่มระดับโปรตีนของกากมะพร้าวสดและแห้ง โดยกระบวนการหมักยีสต์และยูเรีย

Narumon Somkuna; Jarous Sawangtap; Jiraprapa Rodjarkken; Surasak Uttarawichian.

The objective of this study was to compare the increasing protein level of fresh and dry coconut meal by urea-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) fermentation process. The design was 2 X 8 factorial in CRD : factor A composed of 2 factors (dry and fresh coconut meal) and factor B composed of 8 factors (day of fermentation: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days). The samples of each day of fermentation were collected for crude protein analysis. The data was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results were shown that the protein level at the different days of fermentation was different in fresh and dry coconut meal (P<0.05) which protein level of fresh coconut meal at day 10 was highest (34.40 %). While protein level in dry coconut meal was...

Tipo: PhysicalObject

Palavras-chave: Fresh coconut meal; Dry coconut meal; Coconut copra; Kernel meal; Fermentation process; Yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Urea; Animal feed; Crude protein level; กากมะพร้าวสด; กากมะพร้าวแห้ง; มะพร้าว; กระบวนการหมัก; ยีสต์; ยูเรีย; ระยะเวลาหมัก; อาหารสัตว์; โปรตีนหยาบ; การเพิ่มโปรตีน; ระดับโปรตีน.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5742

Comparative effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on maize grown on reddish brown lateritic soil

Amnat Suwanarit; Chairerk Suwannarat; Traisuda Waitruadrok.

Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Corn growth stage; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Lateritic soil; ข้าวโพด; การเจริญเติบโต; ปุ๋ย; ยูเรีย; อะลูมิเนียมซัลเฟต; ดินชุดปากช่องสีแดง.

Ano: 1986

URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4398

Cumulative effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on corn grown in second year on reddish brown lateritic soil

Amnat Suwanarit; Sodsai Changsaluk.

2 ill.

Palavras-chave: Corn; Maize; Growth; Urea; Ammonium sulphate; Reddish brown lateritic soil; ข้าวโพด; การเจริญเติบโต; ปุ๋ยยูเรีย; อะลูมิเนียมซัลเฟต; ดินชุดปากช่องสีแดง.

Ano: 1987

URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/4249

Evaluación de métodos de propagación, fertilización nitrogenada y fenología de estevia en condiciones del Valle del Cauca

Acta Agron. (Palmira)

Bonilla C,Carmen R; Sánchez O,Manuel S.; Perlaza,Diego F.

En el Centro Experimental de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira se evaluó el prendimiento de estacas apicales y basales de Stevia rebaudiana en tres sustratos de enraizamiento (carbonilla-arena, carbonilla-compost y arena-compost) y tres fuentes de nitrógeno (urea 46%N, compost 1.5%N y gallinaza 1% N). El mejor método de propagación fue la estaca apical en sustrato carbonilla-arena 1:1, volumen; las fuentes de nitrógeno no presentaron diferencias significativas en la acumulación de materia seca de hojas. Se diferenciaron los siguientes periodos fenológicos: Emergencia: 6 días después de la siembra (dís), Estado vegetativo: 17 dias, Floración: 71 dís, Fructificación: 115 dís, Senescencia: 169 dís y Rebrote: 201 dís

URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-28122007000300004

Palavras-chave: Hierba dulce; Carbonilla; Arena; Urea; Carbonilla; Arena.

Ano: 2007

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on productivity and quality of Mombasa forage (Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombasa)

Acta Agron. (Palmira)

Munari-Escarela,Carolina; Pietroski,Marizane; Mello-Prado,Renato de; Silva-Campos*,Cid Naudi; Caione,Gustavo.

Abstract Mombasa grass is very demanding and responsive to soil fertility. The objective of the present study was to evaluate forage production and the correlation among crude protein and the green color index of leaves of Megathyrsus maximum cultivar Mombasa in function of nitrogen levels. The study was conducted using 5 dm-3 pots in a greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. Treatments were nitrogen rates (0, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg dm-3 of N), corresponding to 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 kg ha-1 of N. We evaluated the production of grass dry matter, the green color index, the accumulation of nitrogen and crude...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-28122017000100042

Palavras-chave: Chlorophyll; Forage; Plant nutrition; Protein; Urea.

Ano: 2017

Efecto de la aplicación de zeolita en la recuperación de nitrógeno y el rendimiento de maíz

Acta Agron. (Palmira)

Obregón-Portocarrero,Nicolás; Díaz-Ortiz,Jaime Ernesto; Daza-Torres,Martha Constanza; Aristizabal-Rodríguez,Héctor Fabio.

La baja eficiencia de la fertilización nitrogenada ocasiona altos costos de producción y es responsable en un alto porcentaje de la contaminación ambiental; para reducir estos impactos negativos existen estrategias como la aplicación de zeolitas (clinoptilolita) que reducen las pérdidas de nitrógeno (N) en sistemas productivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de zeolita en la recuperación de N y el rendimiento de maíz (Zea mays L.), cuando se aplicó en dosis de 15, 25 y 35 kg/ha conjuntamente con 100 kg/ha de N utilizando urea en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La zeolita incidió significativamente (P < 0.05) en el rendimiento del cultivo, la altura de planta y el diámetro...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-28122016000100004

Palavras-chave: Clinoptilolita; Eficiencia de uso; Urea; Isótopo 15N; Zeolita.

Ano: 2016

Efectos del Monascus sobre albúmina, creatinina, urea y ácido úrico en conejos

ABCL

Toledo de Oliveira,Tânia; Nagem,Tanus Jorge; Matos Lopes,Renato; Machado,Hussein; Jóia de Mello,Vanessa; Queiroga de Lima,Ednaldo; da Silva Martins,Eliene.

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto verificar la acción de tres dosis del colorante Monascus sobre el metabolismo de la albúmina, urea, creatinina y ácido úrico en conejos de ambos sexos. Se usaron conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda, obtenidos del Departamento de Cunicultura de la Universidad Federal de Viçosa (Brasil) de unos 55 días de edad y que pesaban cerca de 1700 g al momento del experimento. Los animales fueron divididos por sexo constituyéndose cuatro grupos de cinco animales cada uno, que recibieron el colorante Monascus en las dosis de 24, 48 y 60 mg/kg. El grupo control recibió solamente ración alimenticia. Los animales recibieron, diariamente, durante 28 días, las cápsulas que contenían el colorante Monascus en las respectivas dosis. Se...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0325-29572005000400003

Palavras-chave: Monascus; Albúmina sérica; Creatinina; Urea; Ácido úrico.

Ano: 2005

Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio via foliar no feijoeiro irrigado cultivado em solo de cerrado - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v33i4.6387

Agronomy

Biscaro, Guilherme Augusto; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Freitas Junior, Nasir Augusto de; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul; Soratto, Rogério Peres; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Kikuti, Hamilton; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul; Goulart Junior, Sidney Antonio Roseiro; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul; Aguirre, Washington Marques; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul.

O nitrogênio é o nutriente exigido em maior quantidade pelo feijoeiro e, mesmo quando suprida adequadamente desse nutriente, a planta de feijão pode ter sua produtividade limitada pela deficiência de molibdênio, pela participação deste no metabolismo do nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar ‘BRS Pontal’, irrigado, à aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio via foliar, quando cultivado em Neossolo Quartzarênico, no município de Cassilândia, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1) aplicados em...

Palavras-chave: Produção vegetal Phaseolus vulgaris; Adubação nitrogenada; Adubação foliar; Nutrição mineral; Molibdato de amônio; Ureia Phaseolus vulgaris; Nitrogen fertilization; Leaf application; Mineral nutrition; Ammonium molybdate; Urea.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/6387

Fontes e doses de adubação nitrogenada na atividade microbiana e fertilidade do solo cultivado com Brachiaria brizantha - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v33i2.3946

Agronomy

Delbem, Flavia Cristina; UNESP - Araçatuba; Scabora, Márcia Helena; Unesp - Ilha Solteira; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega; Unesp; Heinrichs, Reges; Unesp - Dracena; Crociolli, Carlos Alberto; Unesp; Cassiolato, Ana Maria Rodrigues; Unesp - Ilha Solteira.

As pastagens geralmente perdem seu potencial produtivo e vigor de rebrota nos primeiros anos, frequentemente associada à falta de adubação nitrogenada. O objetivo deste foi verificar o efeito de fontes e doses de adubação nitrogenada na atividade microbiana (carbono da biomassa microbiana e carbono do CO2 liberado) e na fertilidade do solo cultivado com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4, envolvendo três fontes de nitrogênio (uréia, sulfato de amônio e Ajifer-L40) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1), nas profundidades 0 - 0,10 e 0,10 - 0,20 m, com três repetições. O aumento nas doses de nitrogênio, na camada 0,0 a 0,10 m de profundidade, reduziu os valores...

Palavras-chave: 5.01.01.00-5 Ciência do Solo Ajifer; Biomassa microbiana; Mineralização do C; Sulfato de amônio; Ureia Ajifer; Microbial biomass; C mineralization; Ammonium sulfate; Urea.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/3946

Colonização micorrízica e fertilidade do solo submetido a fontes e doses de adubação nitrogenada em Brachiaria brizantha - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i3.4002

Agronomy

Delbem, Flavia Cristina; Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba; Scabora, Márcia Helena; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Ilha Solteira; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba; Heinrichs, Reges; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Dracena; Ferrari, Tiago Augusto; Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba; Cassiolato, Ana Maria Rodrigues; UNESP, Ilha Solteira.

The feasibility and increase in the production of new cultivars can be obtained with the practice of nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of sources and levels of nitrogen fertilization, concerning the depths, on the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and soil fertility when covered by Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés. A randomized blocks design was used and the treatments were under a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, regarding three nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, and ajifer-L40) and 4 nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1), studied at 2 different depths (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), with 3 replications. In each plot, the soil samples, composed of 5 simple samples, were collected, sieved, homogenized and sent...

Palavras-chave: 5.01.01.04-8 Ajifer; Sulfato de amônio; Ureia; Pastagem Microbiologia e Bioquímica do Solo Ajifer; Ammonium sulfate; Urea; Pasture.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/4002

Chemical changes in sunflower silage associated with different additives - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i1.14049

Animal Sciences

Goes, Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Miyagi, Eliane Sayuri; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Oliveira, Euclides Reuter de; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Brabes, Kelly Cristina da Silva; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Patussi, Rosielen Augusto; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Dambrós, Carlos Eduardo; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados.

Thirty-six experimental silos arranged in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design were provided to evaluate the chemical changes of sunflower silage treated with soybean hulls, sunflower crushed and urea at 14, 21 and 28 days of ensilage. The additives were based on 5% natural matter, whereas control consisted of silage with 100% sunflower plant. OM, NDIP, and MM had average rates 911.2; 86.6 and 92.9 g kg-1 of dry matter respectively. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed increased DM rates after 28 and 21 days. Urea increased nitrogen fractions and the addition of soybean hulls increased total carbohydrate content of silage by 5.1%, whereas the addition of sunflower crushed decreased the same by 2.18%. NDF, ADF and hemicellulose...

Tipo: Pesquisa

Palavras-chave: 5.04.03.03-6 sunflower crushed; Lignin; NDF; PH; Soybean hulls; Urea.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/14049

Economic viability of production of Nellore heifers on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures deferred and fertilized with nitrogen

Animal Sciences

Aguilar, Poliana Batista de; Teixeira, Fábio Andrade; Silva, Fabiano Ferreira da; Pires, Aureliano José Vieira; Nascimento, Paulo Valter Nunes; Santos, Otanael Oliveira dos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on deferred pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, and the implications on the economic viability of production of Nellore heifers. This was a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 = deferred pasture without nitrogen fertilization; T2 = deferred pasture fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1, T3 = deferred pasture with 100 kg N ha-1, T4 = deferred pasture with 150 kg N ha-1) and four replications (16 fertilized paddocks). First, there were used 48 Nellore heifers, average eight months of age and initial body weight of 178.69 ± 26.67 kg, with three heifers in each paddock, in all treatments, in a continuous grazing system, with variable stocking rate. Only the...