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| Registros recuperados: 11.818 | |
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| The southern Iberian Peninsula is dominated by a savannah-like ecosystem, the montado, which is a typically Mediterranean cultural adaptation to generally poor productive areas. Montados are exploited for three main uses: forestry, agriculture, and extensive grazing, in proportions that vary according to local conditions (more or less productive land) and historical circumstances. Because these ecosystems occur over a large geographic area (they occupy some 6 million ha), biodiversity would be expected to vary among montados. However, differences in management practices may also influence species distribution. In this paper, we investigate differences in plant and bird species diversity among 60 montados distributed all across southern Portugal. The... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Birds; Conservation; Ecological concordance; Human versus nature; Montados; Plants. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Tainter, Joseph A; USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; jtainter@fs.fed.us; Allen, T. F. H.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; tfallen@facstaff.wisc.edu; Little, Amanda; University of Wisconsin-Madison; amlittle@students.wisc.edu; Hoekstra, Thomas W; USDA Forest Service, Inventory and Monitoring Institute; thoekstra@fs.fed.us. |
| Energy gain constrains resource use, social organization, and landscape organization in human and other living systems. Changes in energy gain have common characteristics across living systems. We describe these commonalities in selected case studies involving imperial taxation, fungus-farming ants, and North American beaver, and propose a suite of hypotheses for the organization of systems that subsist on different levels of energy gain. Organizational constraints arising from energy gain predict changes to settlement and organization in postcarbon societies. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Roman Empire; Beaver; Complexity; Energy; Energy gain; Fungus-farming ants; Leaf-cutting ants; Living systems; Organization; Renewable resources; Resources; Solar energy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Fraser, Evan D. G.; Leeds Institute for Environmental Science and Management; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk. |
| Between 1845 and 1850, a potato blight triggered a famine that killed or displaced 25% of the Irish population. Aside from its historical and cultural significance, the Irish Potato Famine illustrates how social and economic forces can create vulnerability to environmental disturbance. Therefore, studying the famine contributes to the on-going academic debate on theories to combine social and environmental data. This paper explores the conditions leading to the Irish famine using the “Entitlement” framework of Sen (1980) and the “Panarchy” model proposed by Gunderson and Holling (2002). Entitlement theory allows us to better understand how community food security may become vulnerable over time as different social... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Entitlement theory; Famine; Food security; Ireland; Panarchy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Schneider, Richard, R.; Ministik Environmental Consulting; rschneid@icrossroads.com; Stelfox, J. Brad; Forem Technologies; bstelfox@telusplanet.net; Boutin, Stan; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta; Stan.Boutin@ualberta.ca; Wasel, Shawn; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; waselsh@alpac.ca. |
| This case study from northeastern Alberta, Canada, demonstrates a fundamentally different approach to forest management in which stakeholders balance conservation and economic objectives by weighing current management options from the point of view of their long-term effects on the forest. ALCES®, a landscape-scale simulation model, is used to quantify the effects of the current regulatory framework and typical industrial practices on a suite of ecological and economic indicators over the next 100 yr. These simulations suggest that, if current practices continue, the combined activities of the energy and forestry industries in our 59,000 km2 study area will cause the density of edge of human origin to increase from 1.8 km/km 2 to a maximum of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; Boreal forest; Cumulative industrial impacts; Forestry industry; Integrated resource management; Petroleum industry; Simulation model. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Blumenthal, Dana M; University of Minnesota; dblumenthal@npa.ars.usda.gov; Jordan, Nicholas R; University of Minnesota; perr0128@tc.umn.edu; Svenson, Elizabeth L; University of Minnesota; esvenso1@swarthmore.edu. |
| The potential weed control benefits of ecological restoration are rarely cited and largely unstudied. Nevertheless, the nature of many restoration target communities, i.e., diverse, late-successional communities, suggests that restoration may control weeds and that the invasibility of plant communities may decrease with both diversity and successional age. Given the high cost of weed control in nonagricultural land, weed control benefits could be a strong incentive for restoration efforts. We examined the cumulative effects of restoration on weed populations 7 yr after tallgrass prairie restoration on a Minnesota sand plain. The numbers and biomass of volunteer weeds were compared among randomized plots with (1) no restoration, (2) prairie seed addition,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Community invasibility; Invasion; Prairie; Restoration; Succession; Weed competition; Weed control; Weeds. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Beard Jr., T. Douglas; Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources; BEARDT@dnr.state.wi.us; Beisner, Beatrix E; University of Wisconsin-Madison; bebeisner@facstaff.wisc.edu; Bennett, Elena M; University of Wisconsin-Madison; embennett@wisc.edu; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Dent, C. Lisa; University of Wisconsin-Madison; ldent@facstaff.wisc.edu,; Havlicek, Tanya D; University of Wisconsin-Madison; TDHAVLIC@students.wisc.edu. |
| The Northern Highlands Lake District of Wisconsin is in transition from a sparsely settled region to a more densely populated one. Expected changes offer benefits to northern Wisconsin residents but also threaten to degrade the ecological services they rely on. Because the future of this region is uncertain, it is difficult to make decisions that will avoid potential risks and take advantage of potential opportunities. We adopt a scenario planning approach to cope with this problem of prediction. We use an ecological assessment framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to determine key social and ecological driving forces in the Northern Highlands Lake District. From these, we describe three alternative scenarios to the year 2025 in which... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Northern Highlands Lake District; Wisconsin; Assessment; Ecosystem services; Freshwater; Futures; Prediction; Scenario planning. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Wali, Alaka; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; awali@fieldmuseum.org; Darlow, Gillian; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; gdarlow@fieldmuseum.org; Fialkowski, Carol; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; cfialkowski@fieldmuseum.org; Tudor, Madeleine; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; mtudor@fieldmuseum.org; del Campo, Hilary; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; hdelcampo@fieldmuseum.org; Stotz, Douglas; Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, The Field Museum; dstotz@fieldmuseum.org. |
| This article synthesizes recent work carried out at The Field Museum that applies an ecosystems approach to ecological and anthropological research, conservation planning, and environmental action. This work is part of an effort to protect biological diversity in the Lake Calumet region of metropolitan Chicago. The need for an ecosystems approach to urban areas, particularly in relation to conservation efforts, is discussed. Reviewing the problems of alternative, non-systemic perspectives in both research and policy toward urban problems, the article describes how the efforts of Field Museum scientists and educators integrate interdisciplinary research into a conservation and information design process. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Chicago; Conservation Design; Integrative Research; Lake Calumet; Urban ecosystem. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Wade, Timothy G; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wade.timothy@epa.gov; Riitters, Kurt; U.S. Forest Service; kriitters@fs.fed.us; Wickham, James D; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; wickham.james@epa.gov; Jones, K. Bruce; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory; jones.bruce@epa.gov. |
| Because human land uses tend to expand over time, forests that share a high proportion of their borders with anthropogenic uses are at higher risk of further degradation than forests that share a high proportion of their borders with non-forest, natural land cover (e.g., wetland). Using 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite-based land cover, we present a method to separate forest fragmentation into natural and anthropogenic components, and report results for all inhabited continents summarized by World Wildlife Fund biomes. Globally, over half of the temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome and nearly one quarter of the tropical rainforest biome have been fragmented or removed by humans, as opposed to only 4% of the boreal... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Forest fragmentation; Forest pattern; Global; Risk assessment; Targeting. |
| Ano: 2003 |
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| Registros recuperados: 11.818 | |
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