SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Tu, Anh Thuy; Beghin, John C..

We investigate the interface between trade and invasive species (IS) risk, focusing on the existing tariff escalation in agricultural and food-processing markets and its implication IS risk. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows towards increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. We show that reductions of tariff escalation by reduction of the tariff on processed goods increase allocative efficiency and reduce the IS externality, a win-win situation. We also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods leading to win-win situations.

MODELING TARIFF RATE QUOTAS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE CASE OF SUGAR MARKETS IN OECD COUNTRIES

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19518

van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique; Beghin, John C.; Mitchell, Don.

We use mixed-complementarity-problem programming to implement tariff rate quotas (TRQs) in the global computable general equilibrium (CGE) Linkage model. We apply the approach to TRQs in sugar markets in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. We calibrate the model on 2000 policy levels for OECD countries to reflect the full implementation of their World Trade Organization commitments. We look at reforms of TRQ and TRQ-like schemes in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, as well as multilateral trade liberalization. We derive the impact of reforms on welfare, bilateral trade flows, and terms of trade. A 33 percent multilateral decrease of ad valorem tariffs, combined with a 33 percent increase in imports under...

Farm Policies and Added Sugars in US Diets

Palavras-chave: CGE model; Doha; Liberalization; Sugar; Tariff rate quota; Trade negotiations; TRQ; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18612

Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

Major changes in the use of US sweeteners have occurred since 1970, in both the amount and composition. Increased consumption of caloric sweeteners, especially in beverages, has been linked to excess energy intake and lower-quality diets. We examine how US farm policies (specifically agricultural research and development [R&D] expenditures and commodity programs) have affected the consumption and composition of sweeteners in the US diet. R&D expenditures have lowered the unit cost of most commodities and increased their use in food production, ceteris paribus, although corn has benefited more than sugar crops in the technical progress. Commodity programs have raised the price of sugar and decreased the price of corn; high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)...

Trade Integration, Environmental Degradation, and Public Health in Chile: Assessing the Linkages

Palavras-chave: Added sugar; Agricultural policy; Caloric; Corn; Diet; Farm policies; HFCS; Subsidy; Sugar; Sweetener; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6308

Beghin, John C.; Bowland, Brad J.; Dessus, Sebastien; Roland-Holst, David W.; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

Intra-Industry Trade, Imperfect Competition, Trade Integration and Invasive Species Risk

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18485

Tu, Anh Thuy; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the linkage between protectionism and invasive species hazard in the context of imperfect competition, two-way trade, and multilateral trade liberalization, three major actual features of agricultural trade and policies in the real world. We revisit the reciprocal-dumping model with differentiated products, adding trade and agricultural policies into the framework in the presence of invasive-species risk associated with agriculture. We look at joint reduction of agricultural tariffs. This type of trade integration is much more likely to increase the damage from invasive species than predicted by unilateral trade liberalization under the classical HOS framework. We document the non-monotonic relationship between policy (trade barriers and farm...

Intra-Industry Trade, Multilateral Trade Integration, and Invasive Species Risk

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20032

Tu, Anh Thuy; Beghin, John C..

We analyze the linkage between protectionism and invasive species (IS) hazard in the context of two-way trade and multilateral trade integration, two major features of real-world agricultural trade. Multilateral integration includes the joint reduction of tariffs and trade costs among trading partners. Multilateral trade integration is more likely to increase damages from IS than predicted by unilateral trade opening under the classic Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) framework because domestic production (the base susceptible to damages) is likely to increase with expanding export markets. A country integrating its trade with a partner characterized by relatively higher tariff and trade costs is also more likely to experience increased IS damages via...

Determinants of World Demand for U.S. Corn Seeds: The Role of Trade Costs

Palavras-chave: Exotic pest; Intra-industry trade; Invasive species; Liberalization; Trade cost; Trade integration; Trade protection; Two-way trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18505

Jayasinghe, Sampath; Beghin, John C.; Moschini, GianCarlo.

The United States is a large net exporter of corn seeds. Seed trade, including that of corn, has been expanding, but its determinants are not well understood. This paper econometrically investigates the determinants of world demand for U.S. corn seeds with a detailed analysis of trade costs impeding export flows to various markets, including costs associated with distance, tariffs, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations. The analysis relies on a gravity-like model based on an explicit specification of derived demand for seed by foreign corn producers, estimated based on data from 48 countries and for the years 1989 to 2004. An SPS count variable is incorporated as a shifter in the unit cost of seeds faced by foreign users. A sample selection...

AGRICULTURAL MARKETS LIBERALIZATION AND THE DOHA ROUND

Palavras-chave: Corn; Distance; Phytosanitary; Seeds; SPS; Tariff; Technical barriers; Trade cost.; Demand and Price Analysis; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46589

Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; de Cara, Stephane; Fang, Cheng; Isik, Murat; Matthey, Holger.

Using a partial equilibrium model of world agriculture, we investigate the multilateral removal of all border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. These distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. World trade is also significantly impacted by both types of distortions. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters (Brazil, Australia, and Argentina) emerge with expanded exports; whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world markets prices and reduced imports. The US gains significant export shares in livestock products and imports more dairy products....

Are Eco-Labels Valuable? Evidence from the Apparel Industry

Palavras-chave: Doha; Agriculture; Trade liberalization; Domestic policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25875

Nimon, R. Wesley; Beghin, John C..

Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We also find a discount for the "no-dye" label. We do not, however, find any evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential heterogenous pricing of the organic-fiber attribute and find no evidence of different premia across firms.

AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE DOHA ROUND: LESSONS FROM COMMODITY STUDIES

Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Dyes; Hedonic price; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18417

Beghin, John C.; Aksoy, Ataman.

While global analytical approaches to agricultural trade liberalization yield large gains for most economies, there are substantial variations in the policy regimes across commodities. To clarify the multiplicity of distortions and impacts, the World Bank's Trade Department undertook a series of commodity studies. The studies highlight the important challenges faced by negotiating countries in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade negotiations. The studies provide a sharper look at the North-South dimensions of the agricultural trade debate, with the North's trade barriers, domestic support, and tariff escalation. They also underscore the South-South challenges on border protection and the reduced rural income opportunities for the...

Analysis of the Berlin Accord Reforms of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Commodities; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; WTO; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18301

Babcock, Bruce A.; Beghin, John C.; Mohanty, Samarendu; Fuller, Frank H.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Chaudhary, Sudhir; Kaus, Phillip J.; Fang, Cheng; Hart, Chad E.; Kovarik, Karen.

This document briefly summarizes the impacts of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms on the European agricultural sector and on international agricultural trade. Objectives of the CAP reform (as stated in EU Commission documents) are: to ensure the environmental viability of European agriculture, and to protect the livelihood of European farmers.

DECLINING U.S. TOBACCO EXPORTS TO AUSTRALIA: A DERIVED DEMAND APPROACH TO COMPETITIVENESS

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18282

Hu, Fan; Beghin, John C..

We investigate the loss of competitiveness of U.S. tobacco leaf exports in Australian cigarette manufacturing using industry-level time-series data. We account for relative prices, distorting policies, maturation of the cigarette market and scale, changing cigarette characteristics and market structure. We provide a decomposition analysis that reveals the relative impact of these factors over time on U.S. tobacco exports to Australia.

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

Palavras-chave: U.S. tobacco; Export; Competitiveness; Australia; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1994

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51224

Yue, Chengyan; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped TBT estimate to its key determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, and trade cost). We use the augmented approach to investigate the ongoing US-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.

U.S. TRADE THREATS: RHETORIC OR WAR?

Palavras-chave: Apple; Japan; SPS; TBT; Technical barriers to trade; Trade cost; Trade dispute; WTO; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18338

Kherallah, Mylene; Beghin, John C..

The Impact of The European Enlargement and CAP Reforms on Agricultural Markets. Much Ado about Nothing?

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51213

Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Beghin, John C.; Dong, Fengxia; Elobeid, Amani E.; Fuller, Frank H.; Matthey, Holger; Tokgoz, Simla; Wailes, Eric J..

We analyze the effects of the 2004 CAP reform and EU enlargement on European and world agricultural markets. We compare the results from a CAP reform only and a CAP reform plus enlargement scenarios to a no-enlargement baseline implementing Agenda 2000 CAP policies. We utilize the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute's policy analysis model to simulate the effects of CAP reform and EU enlargement on production, consumption, and trade for the EU, its New Member States (NMS), and major players in world agricultural markets. The model is a partial-equilibrium model of world agricultural markets including important producer and consumer countries in world livestock and products, dairy, grains, oilseeds and products, cotton and sugar markets. Each...

Emerging Biofuels: Outlook of Effects on U.S. Grain, Oilseed, and Livestock Markets

Palavras-chave: CAP; Trade reform; Policy reform; Enlargement; New member states; European Union; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; F1; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25618

Tokgoz, Simla; Elobeid, Amani E.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Hayes, Dermot J.; Babcock, Bruce A.; Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong, Fengxia; Hart, Chad E.; Beghin, John C..

Replaced with revised version of paper 06/04/08.

Accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to the European Union: Impacts on Agricultural Markets

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn acreage; Crop prices; Ethanol production; Food prices; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10009

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Mohanty, Samarendu; Fang, Cheng; Kaus, Phillip J..

Using a world agricultural multimarket model, we analyze the consequences of enlargement of the European Union (EU) to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland for agricultural markets. We produce a market outlook through the year 2010 for two enlargement scenarios, which are based on different assumptions regarding the restrictions on grain and dairy production in the acceding countries. In both scenarios, accession of the three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) leads to a permanent but moderate decrease in EU prices for virtually all commodities. For the three acceding CEECs, domestic prices increase dramatically. Their final consumption of agricultural products decreases in most instances, while production rises. Higher domestic...

Outlook for Grain and Oilseed Export Shipments from the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Palavras-chave: CAP; Economic integration; EU enlargement; Agricultural trade; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Marketing.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18388

Beghin, John C.; Babcock, Bruce A.; Young, Robert E., II; Westhoff, Patrick C..

Food Security and Agricultural Protection in South Korea

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18318

Beghin, John C.; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Park, Sung Joon.

As part of its food security policy, South Korea has been pursuing food self-sufficiency using high tariffs and high administrative prices in key agricultural and food markets. Using a dual approach to trade and trade restrictiveness indices, we analyze the impact of these market distortions on welfare and trade volume. Then, we compute optimum distortions, which minimize the welfare costs of observed self-sufficiency and production objectives. We rationalize these optimum distortions to what could be claimed as legitimate protection under a "food security" (FS) box in World Trade Organization negotiations. FS-box protection is sensitive to changes in the definition and the extent of the FS objectives. We show that FS via production targets and reliance on...