SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Moepeng, Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell, Clement A..

Poverty and social deprivation in Botswana are rising in rural areas while they are declining in urban towns and villages. Revenue from diamond mining is thought to have made a significant contribution to reducing poverty levels in cities and urban villages. However, the benefits from diamond revenue are perceived to have not reversed trends in rural poverty. In this study, contingency tables and chi-square tests are used to determine whether there is an association between the gender, educational status, and age of household heads and whether or not they believe their household is in the 20% of the least well-off households, in their selected rural village, Nshakashogwe. Such less well-off households if not in absolute poverty, are likely to be in...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Botswana; Gender inequality; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123455

Sustainable Agriculture

This paper provides an overview of concepts of sustainable agriculture and possible methods of attaining sustainability of agricultural yields and production. Reasons are given as to why modern industrialised agriculture might be less sustainable in terms of yields than traditional agriculture. The question of whether organic agriculture is likely to be more sustainable than non-organic agriculture is considered as well as organic agriculture’s likely impact on wild biodiversity. The impact of the development of agriculture on wild biodiversity is assessed because some environmentalists see the conservation of wild biodiversity as an important ingredient of sustainable development. However, there is a policy conflict between conservationist groups. Some...

The Socio-Economics of Gender Issues in Rural India: Results of Interviews in Three Villages and a Forest Meeting in Eastern India

Palavras-chave: Sustainable agriculture; Biodiversity; Conservation; Intensive agriculture; Modern industrialised agricultural systems; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55063

Tisdell, Clement A.; Roy, Kartik C..

Reports responses to interviews conducted in three rural villages in Eastern India in January 2000 as well as replies to questions to asked at a forest meeting of groups/persons interested in rural women and development. The questions were designed to provide information on gender-bias and possible reasons for it, especially any economic reasons. These interviews are intended to supplement detailed questionnaires directed to wives in these villages. Interviews were conducted with Kondhs and scheduled caste villages in a village west of Dashapalla in Orissa, with Santals in all Santal villages, Bandhgora, in the Midnapore region of West Bengal and with Santals and scheduled caste Hindus in a mixed village, Sanandapur, in the same region. The results...

Antarctic Tourists: A Case Study of Their Evaluation of Antarctic Wildlife and Environmental Issues

Palavras-chave: Gender inequality; India; Caste system; Tribal groups; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100030

Tisdell, Clement A.; Wilson, Clevo; Kriwoken, Lorne.

Reports the results of surveys of Antarctic cruise ship passengers on the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ who undertook their Antarctic journey in January 2003. The prime purposes of the surveys were to determine the socio-economic profile of these travellers, evaluate the importance of Antarctic wildlife for their travel, their attitude to Antarctic wildlife conservation as well as environmental issues involving Antarctica, both prior to their tourist visit to Antarctica and following it. This paper reports on the socio-economic profile of respondents, their willingness to pay for their Antarctic trip, and their knowledge of Antarctica. The comparative importance of Antarctic wildlife as a factor motivating respondents to undertake their journey is assessed and the...

OLS and Tobit Estimates: When is Substitution Defensible Operationally?

Palavras-chave: Antarctic wildlife conservation; Environmental issues; Willingness to pay; Antarctica; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48980

Wilson, Clevo; Tisdell, Clement A..

Field data are used to illustrate that, other things constant, regression results using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) converge to Tobit estimates as the number of zeros in the regressand decrease. Tobit estimates are theoretically superior to OLS estimates when using censored data. However, if little difference exists between OLS and Tobit estimates, OLS may be operationally acceptable. OLS may even be optimal in a bounded rationality sense because the extra cost of using Tobit analysis may be less than the extra benefits from a very slight increase in accuracy.

Bangladesh's Performance and the Millennium Development Goals: A Sketch of Progress

Palavras-chave: Bounded rationality; Censored data; Ordinary Least Squares; Tobit; Regressand; Willingness to pay studies.; Public Economics.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90519

The Environment and the Selection of Aquaculture Species and Systems: An Economic Analysis

Provides a sketch of Bangladesh’s socio-economic performance in the light of the UN’s Millennium Development Goals. After providing some background on these goals and on Bangladesh, this article considers trends in the incidence of poverty and hunger in Bangladesh, access to education and gender equality in Bangladesh, child mortality and maternal health, the incidence of important diseases in Bangladesh and Bangladesh’s progress in achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to its use and development of its energy resources. In addition, Bangladesh’s involvement in global partnerships providing financial and other assistance to it are considered.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Millennium Development Goals; Bangladesh; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123454

Environmental conditions play a significant role in the economic success of aquaculture. This article classifies environmental factors in a way that facilitates economic analysis of their implications for the selection of aquaculture species and systems. The implication of on-farm as on-site environmental conditions for this selection are considered first using profit-possibility frontiers and taking into account the biological law of environmental tolerance. However, in selecting, recommending and developing aquaculture species and systems, it is often unrealistic to assume the degree of managerial efficiency implied by the profit-possibility function. It is appropriate to take account of the degree of managerial inefficiency that actually exists, not all...

The Winnipeg Principles, WTO and Sustainable Development; Proposed Principles for Reconciling Trade and the Environment

Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Selection of aquaculture species; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55091

There is a widespread belief that the WTO has made virtually no concessions to environmentalists about their concerns arising from free trade and the process of globalisation. There are concerns that these processes may undermine prospects for sustainable development. Following the United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Institute for Sustainable Development was established to advocate policies to support sustainable development within Canada and globally. In 1994, it proposed the Winnipeg Principles as a means for reconciling international trade and development so as to achieve sustainable development. These seven principles are outlined in this article and assessed. Although the...

Associations between Poverty and Socio-economic Variables in a Typical Tswana Rural Village: New Insights

Palavras-chave: WTO; Sustainable Development; Winnipeg Principles; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48012

Moepeng, Pelotshweu T.; Tisdell, Clement A..

This paper reports on and analyzes primary survey data obtained from a survey of household heads on the rural village of Nshakazhogwe, a typical rural village in northeast Botswana. It examines the associations between the incidence of poverty of household heads in this village and the values of several socio-economic variables. The socio-economic variables considered are the age of the household head, the level of their educational attainment, their gender, the number of sources from which they obtain their income, whether or not they have some wage employment, whether they receive income transfers privately or from the government, whether they conduct a home business and whether or not they obtain income from sales of livestock, crops or natural...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Botswana; Poverty; Incidence of Poverty; Household heads; Gender; Education; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123546

Concepts of Competition in Theory and Practice

Svizzero, Serge; Tisdell, Clement A..

The Survival of Small-scale Agricultural Producers in Asia, particularly Vietnam: General Issues Illustrated by Vietnam's Agricultural Sector, especially its Pig Production

Palavras-chave: Allocative efficiency; Competition policy; Concepts of competition; Dynamic efficiency; Innovation; Productive efficiency; Uncertainty; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90469

Economic growth in more developed countries has resulted in farms increasing their scale of production and becoming more specialized in their production. The sizes of farms have tended to increase, agricultural production has become more capital-intensive, and the percentage of the workforce employed in agriculture has shown a falling trend. This process has been brought about by the operation of market systems and has reduced the number of small-scale agricultural producers. Asia still has a huge number of small-scale agricultural producers. As Asian countries experience economic growth and as market systems become more established in Asia, the survival of Asia’s small-scale agricultural producers is likely to be threatened. Since these producers are...

Marital Status, Farm Size and other Influences On the Extent of Cash Cropping in Kenya: A Household Case Study

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Asia; Economies of scale; Farm sizes; Household agriculture; Industrial agriculture; Pigs; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Q1; Q11; Q12; Q15; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90625

Kiriti, Tabitha; Tisdell, Clement A..

This article examines the effects of marital status, farm size and other factors on the extent of cash cropping (and allocation of land use) by means of a case study in the Nyeri district in Kenya. It was found that married women are involved in the production of a relatively greater amount of output of cash crops than unmarried women since husbands prefer to have more land under cash crops than food crops. Farmers with better quality land allocate a high proportion of it to non-food cash crops, which may expose some households to greater risks of possible famine. The proportion of land allocated to food crops declines as the farm size increases while the proportion of land allocated to non-food cash crops rises as the size of farm increases. Age is also...

Wildlife Damage, Insurance/Compensation for Farmers and Conservation: Sri Lankan Elephants as a Case

Palavras-chave: Agricultural commercialisation; Marital status; Non-food cash crops; Food cash crops; Non-cash food crops.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105586

Bandara, Ranjith; Tisdell, Clement A..

The interference with agriculture has been recognised as the main cause for the current conflict between farmers and wild elephants in Sri Lanka, as elsewhere in the Asian elephant range. Thus compensating farmers for the damages caused by elephants is essential, if this endangered species is to survive in the long run. This paper explores the practicality of establishing an improved publicly funded insurance/compensation scheme to recompense farmers for the elephant damages. It does so by analysing results from two contingent valuation surveys undertaken in Sri Lanka. We find that possible public support of farmers plus urban dwellers significantly exceeds the financial requirement of the insurance scheme proposed in this study for perpetuity. The article...

Conflicts over Natural Resources and the Environment: Economics and Security

Palavras-chave: Public support; Agricultural insurance/compensation; Asian elephant; Human-elephant conflict; Wildlife conservation.; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48958

Wilson, Clevo; Tisdell, Clement A..

None

Economic, Educational and Conservation Benefits of Sea Turtle Based Ecotourism: A Study focused on Mon Repos

Palavras-chave: Natural Resource Conflict; Shared Natural Resources; Asia; Economic Security; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48967

Tisdell, Clement A.; Wilson, Clevo.

Can Globalisation Result in Less Efficient and More Vulnerable Industries?

Palavras-chave: Sea turtle based ecotourism; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55110

Growing economic globalisation (a means of market extension) may increase the economic vulnerability of firms in modern industries, especially those in which firms experience substantial economies of scale. The possibility is explored that globalisation activates competitive pressures that forces firms into a situation where their leverage (fixed costs relative to variable costs, or overhead cost relative to operating costs or capital intensity) rises substantially. Consequently, they become increasingly vulnerable to a sudden adverse change in economic conditions, such as a collapse in the demand for their industry’s product. This is explored for monopolistically competitive markets and also for oligopolistic markets of the type considered and modelled...

Trends in Vietnam's Pork Supply and Structural Features of its Pig Sector

Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Vulnerability of industries; Oligopolistic markets; Monopolistic markets; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90536

Pork is the single most important source of animal protein in Vietnam and its availability has a substantial impact on the well-being of the Vietnamese. Since 1996, the local supply and per capita availability of pork in Vietnam have increased substantially. The trends in and sources of this growth in supply are identified by analysing official statistics. Differences in regional supply of pork are also identified, as well as regional variations in pork yields. Vietnam’s pork industry relies on many small-scale household producers for the bulk of its pork supply. The structure of the sector is investigated and found to be altering slowly – a slight increase in scale of production units has been occurring. The rate of growth in Vietnam’s supply of pork has...

The Precautionary Principle Revisited: Its Interpretations and their Conservation Consequences

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural economics; Agricultural policy; Economic performance; Pork yields; Vietnam; Vietnam’s pig sector; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90623

The precautionary principle was included in 1992 in the Rio Declaration on Environmental and Development and is a part of important international agreements and documents, for example, the Convention on Biological Diversity. Yet the interpretation of this principle is not straightforward as a guide for environmental policy – a variety of interpretations are possible. This paper identifies and examines various economic versions of the principle. Furthermore, it shows that different economic versions of the principle can give rise to conflicting policy recommendations for resource conservation. In addition, it demonstrates that applications of the principle do not always favour (natural) resource conservation (for example, biodiversity conservation) although...

THE PROMOTION OF WOOL AND SYNTHETIC FIBRE BLENDS: SOME ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES FOR THE WOOL INDUSTRY

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Conservation; Climate change; Flexibility; Learning; Precautionary principle; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q28; Q3; H43.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55339

Structural Transformation in the Pig Sector in an Adjusting Vietnam Market: A Preliminary Investigation of Supply-side Changes

This paper discusses from the wool industry's point of view its optimal level of expenditure on wool promotion and its optimal policy in promoting wool blends. The relevance of the Dorfman-Steiner and Nerlove-Waugh theorems relating to advertising is questioned. Mathematical conditions for the optimal allocation of promotional funds between pure wool and wool blends are outlined and game theory is used to consider whether the wool industry should leave the promotion of wool blends to makers of man-made fibres.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 1976

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9156

This abstract summarises this article which relies on available official statistics to outline salient features of Vietnam’s pig industry and changes in its structure occurring between 1996 and 2006. However, coverage of the latter aspect is limited by the availability of data. The focus of the article is on primary supplies of the quantity of pork. Between 1996 and 2006, Vietnam’s volume of production of pork more than doubled and its availability of pork per capita (from its own stock) approximately doubled. This was an outstanding achievement. In 2006, however, growth rates in pork supplies and its availability per capita slowed. Both increased pig numbers and rising pork yields contributed to the increased supply of pork in Vietnam between 1996 and...