SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages...

Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth: A Spatial Econometrics Analysis for Provinces in the Philippines

Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; Europe; International Relations/Trade; C21; F12; R12.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26148

Pede, Valerien O.; Sparks, Adam H.; McKinley, Justin D..

This paper revisits the inequality-growth relationship using data at the sub-national (provincial) level in the Philippines over the period 1991- 2000. A conditional convergence growth model is considered where the growth of per capita income depends on inequality and other growth factors. The contribution of each province to the overall inequality obtained from the Theil index is considered. Results indicate that inequality has a positive and significant effect on per capita income growth. However, the magnitude of the inequality effect is not stable across regions. Geographically Weighted Regression estimates show that the magnitude of the inequality growth relationship varies over a range of 0.72 to 3.36. Other results are also noteworthy in this study....

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Clusters; Growth; Inequality; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11; R12; O15; C21.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124402

SNAP Efficacy and Food Access – A Nationwide Spatial Analysis

Bonanno, Alessandro; Ghosh, Gaurav S..

As the public expenditure for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) - formerly the Food Stamp Program (FSP) - increases, improving the effectiveness of the policy becomes pivotal to limit further surges in public spending. Along with social stigma, transaction costs, associated in part to the accessibility and proximity to food outlets, are the main deterrent to program participation. This study presents an empirical assessment of the relationship between food access and FSP participation among eligible population. The analysis uses county-level data for the continental U.S., distinguished by different stores formats (grocery stores, convenience stores and a non-traditional, low-priced alternative, Wal-Mart Supercenters) accounting for the...

The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking water supply: A spatial econometric analysis

Palavras-chave: Food Stamps; Food Access; Spatial modelling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Q18; L81; C21.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116437

Abildtrup, Jens; Garcia, Serge; Stenger, Anne.

Forest land use is often associated with the protection of water resources from contamination and the reduced cost of drinking water supply. This study attempted to measure the value of the forest on the quality of water resources from a contingent market, namely drinking water supply, by estimating variations in drinking water costs as a function of variations in land uses. Spatial correlations were taken into account because of the use of different geographical scales (i.e., water service area and land uses) and the potential existence of organizational and technological spillovers between water services. We found a significant negative effect of forest land use on water costs. We found no evidence of spatial spillovers concerning the management regime...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Water quality; Land uses; Forest; Water supply service; Spatial spillovers; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; Q23; Q25; R14.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120385

Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economies of Scale in Production?

Omiti, John M.; Wanyoike, F.; Staal, Steven J.; Delgado, Christopher L.; Njoroge, L..

There is growing policy concern regarding the competitiveness of small-scale livestock production in the wake of the contemporary livestock revolution in many developing countries. In Kenya, this debate has focused on economies of scale and the undue influence of policy distortions on promoting the scaling up of dairy farms. This paper seeks to investigate economies of scale in Kenyan dairy in terms of relative profit efficiency at different levels of output, and identify policy and technology options to help small-scale farmers develop solutions to the challenges of competition. Data were collected from 204 dairy producers of different farm sizes in rural Kiambu and Thika, and urban Nairobi districts and a stochastic frontier model approach was used to...

Environmental Innovations, Local Networks and Internationalization

Palavras-chave: Dairy Production; Stochastic Production Frontier; Efficiency; Profitability; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q12.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25674

Cainelli, Giulio; Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montresor, Sandro.

This paper investigates the drivers of the environmental innovations (EI) introduced by firms in local production systems (LPS). The role of firm network relationships, agglomeration economies and internationalization strategies is analysed for a sample of 555 firms in the Emilia-Romagna region, North-East of Italy. Cooperating with ‘qualified’ local actors – i.e. universities and suppliers – is the most important driver of EI for most firms, along with their training policies and IT innovations. The role of agglomeration economies is less clear and seems to depend on the EI propensity of more locally oriented firms playing in district areas, which might even turn agglomeration into dis-economies. Networking effects and agglomeration economies are instead...

Geographic Distribution of Renewable Energy Sector Industries: An Analysis Using Recent Developments in Industry Concentration Measurement

Palavras-chave: Eco-Innovation; Foreign Ownership; Networking; District; Agglomeration Economics; Local Production Systems; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; L60; O13; O30; Q20; Q58; F23.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101298

What Determines the Economic Links among Organic Farmers? Empirical Evidence from Argentina

Recent developments in firm location analysis are applied to explore the concentration patterns of firms making up the green energy sectors in 2002 and 2006. A two-step procedure is applied in this analysis. First, Guimarães, Figueiredo, and Woodward’s spatial adaption of Ellison and Glaeser’s industry concentration index are applied to estimate the degree to which firms making up the so-called green energy sectors tend to exhibit concentration. In the second stage, the spatial distribution of concentration is analyzed using a statistical framework, also suggested by Guimarães, Figueiredo, and Woodward. Preliminary results suggest that green energy subsectors exhibit significant global concentration, but localized concentration appears to be random.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Global; Local; Industry concentration measures; Green energy sectors; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; L20.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124038

Casellas, Karina S.; Berges, Miriam E.; Cala, Daniela.

Farming and consumers` decisions are affected by markets globalizations, products differentiation, agricultural industrialization at the retail level and new organizational forms. The linkages among farmers emerge as a viable strategy to compete in this new context. Producers must develop skills to maintain market positioning and access to high value added niches. In Argentina, organic production has been an alternative for farmers to increase revenues, since the nineties, due to the major demand of developed countries and the price premiums. The objective of the paper is to investigate the extent to which Argentinian organic producers operate in an associated way and which the determinants of these linkages are. A count model regression is used to...

PRIMARY DETERMINANTS AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CORRUPTION

Palavras-chave: Horizontal Links; Organic producers; Count Model; Farm Management; D7; C21.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25651

Ortega, David L.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Delbecq, Benoit A..

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of corruption and its primary economic and political determinants. Economic freedom and development are found to lower incidences of corruption. Of notable significance, this study finds empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between a country’s level of democracy and corruption. Extreme authoritarian regimes are found to have lower corruption levels than hybrid regimes, but past a certain threshold democracy inhibits corruption. More importantly the analysis in this paper finds that the economic and political actions of a country have a significant impact on corruption levels worldwide.

Product Attribute Saliency and Region of Origin: Some Empirical Evidence from Portugal

Palavras-chave: Corruption; Spatial econometrics; Economic freedom; Political democracy; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; D73; H11.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101395

Santos, J. Freitas; Ribeiro, J. Cadima.

This paper empirically investigates the extent to which consumer preferences may act as promoters of regional products. Three products are studied in terms of the importance consumers attach to various product attributes with particular emphasis on region of origin information. The estimation of a hedonic price function, which relates the price of Portuguese regional products to its various attributes, provided empirical support to the hypothesis that region of origin matters to consumers. The study shows that wine, olive oil and cheese from some regions of origin have a significant impact on price. Particularly, some regions of origin are expected to have price premiums, while others are expected to have discounts.

Tenure Insecurity, Transaction Costs in the Land Lease Market and their Implications for Gendered Productivity Differentials

Palavras-chave: Regional products; Hedonic approach; Wine; Olive oil; Cheese; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C21; D83; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24667

Holden, Stein T.; Bezabih, Mintewab.

This study sets out to assess the link between land leasing behavior and productivity differentials between male and female-headed households. A double-moral hazard model allows us to show that landlord's tenure insecurity leads to sub-optimal level of effort on tenant's part, via its impact on the likelihood of contract renewal. The landlord's enforcement ability is also shown to increase the optimal level of effort. The empirical findings support the hypothesis that female heads of households have higher tenant turnover and lower enforcement ability. The results, however, show that contract renewal is not strongly linked to productivity.

Juvenile Delinquency and Conformism

Palavras-chave: Productivity; Female headed households; Contract length; Enforcement ability; Land Economics/Use; D2; Q12; Q15; C21; C7.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25273

Patacchini, Eleonora; Zenou, Yves.

This paper studies whether conformism behavior affects individual outcomes in crime. We present a social network model of peer effects with ex-ante heterogeneous agents and show how conformism and deterrence affect criminal activities. We then bring the model to the data by using a very detailed dataset of adolescent friendship networks. A novel social network-based empirical strategy allows us to identify peer effects for different types of crimes. We find that conformity plays an important role for all crimes, especially for petty crimes. This suggests that, for juvenile crime, an effective policy should not only be measured by the possible crime reduction it implies but also by the group interactions it engenders.

Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique

Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Linear-in-means Model; Spatial Autoregressive Model; Social Norms; Labor and Human Capital; A14; C21; D85; K42; Z13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90945

Benfica, Rui M.S.; Tschirley, David L.; Boughton, Duncan.

This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...

A two-stage productivity analysis using bootstrapped Malmquist index and quantile regression

Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244

Kaditi, Eleni A.; Nitsi, Elisavet I..

This paper examines the effects of farm characteristics and government policies in enhancing productivity growth for a sample of Greek farms, using a two-stage procedure. In the 1st-stage, non-parametric estimates of Malmquist index and its decompositions are computed, while a bootstrapping procedure is applied to provide their statistical precision. In the 2nd-stage, the productivity growth estimates are regressed on various covariates using a bootstrapped quantile regression approach. The effect that the covariates exert on productivity growth of the average producer is analyzed, as well as the marginal effect of a given covariate for individuals at different points in the conditional productivity distribution. The results indicate that there exists...

Relationship Between Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Trade Balance: An Econometric Investigation

Palavras-chave: Malmquist productivity index; Quantile regression; Bootstrap; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C14; C21; D24.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52845

Parikh, Ashok; Stirbu, Corneliu.

This is a study of 42 developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America in which we first examine the impact of trade liberalisation on economic growth, investment share of GDP, openness, trade balance and current accounts (as percentages of GDP). Both panel data and country by country data are used to measure the impact of liberalisation on domestic economic growth measured in PPP terms from the data available in Heston, Summers and Aten (2001) study. Domestic economic growth is often positively related to liberalisation for many countries of our sample. Next we analyse the impact of growth on trade balance and current account to examine whether higher economic growth due to liberalisation leads to adverse effect on balance of trade. Trade balance is...

Spatial and non spatial approaches to agricultural convergence in Europe

Palavras-chave: Liberalisation; Trade balance; Developing countries; Panel data estimation; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F32; F14; O24; C21; C23.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26267

Gutierrez, Luciano; Sassi, Maria.

The paper starts from the critiques to the Barro-style methodology for convergence analysis with the aim of reviewing the econometric approaches for testing spatial effects in convergence process related to both cross sectional and panel data regressions, a framework that is applied to a sample of 80 regions of the EU-15 at NUTS-2 level over the time period from 1980 to 2007. The empirical analysis compares results from approaches and, at the same time, provides empirical evidence from techniques that are now widely recognised in the understanding of regional growth and the influence of space but never or rarely applied to the agricultural context. Results point out the complexity of the process of agricultural regional convergence in Europe that cannot be...