SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sharma, Harsh.

The paper seeks to explore the opportunities created by climate change and mitigation efforts in agriculture sector in India for creating more, newer and better jobs. These new jobs which are termed as green jobs are not always going to be decent jobs and there is also uncertainty about the number of jobs so created vis-à-vis number of jobs destroyed in traditional fossil fuel based economy. Pivotal role played by agriculture in developing country's economy makes it ideal sector to study in this context. There is growing consensus that organic, sustainable agricultural practices can provide synergistic benefits that include adaptation and mitigation of climate change with addressing concerns like livelihood, employment and working conditions. In an...

Agricultural producer support estimates for developing countries : measurement issues and evidence from India, Indonesia, China, and Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Green Jobs; India; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115366

Changes in Returns to Education in India, 1983-94: By Gender, Age-Cohort and Location

Orden, David; Cheng, Fuzhi; Nguyen, Hoa; Grote, Ulrike; Thomas, Marcelle; Mullen, Kathleen; Sun, Dongsheng.

The levels of support that trade and domestic farm policies afford to agriculture, and the related processes of policy reform intended to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural production, processing, and marketing, are important issues for developing countries. The effects of policy on agriculture are well documented for wealthy countries, especially by the established and respected studies from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. However, systematic analysis is often lacking for poor countries because of the difficulty and cost of measuring policy effects consistently over time and across commodities. This study contributes to filling the existing research gap by examining the impacts of agricultural policies and policy...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state; India; Indonesia; China; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37879

Duraisamy, P..

There is hardly any estimate of the returns to schooling in India based on a national level representative data for the recent period. This paper provides estimates of the returns to education in India by gender, age cohort and location (by rural-urban) for the most recent period 1993/4, and also evaluates the changes in returns over a period of time from 1983-94 using a large national level household survey data. The data show that the returns to education increases up to the secondary level and declines thereafter. There is evidence of substantial gender and rural-urban differences in the returns to schooling. The returns to women's education for the primary and middle levels have declined while those for secondary and college levels have increased...

Adoption and Impact of Hybrid Wheat in India

Palavras-chave: Rate of return; Human capital; India; Labor and Human Capital; J31; I21.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28505

Matuschke, Ira; Qaim, Matin.

In the light of ongoing debates about the suitability of hybrid seeds for smallholder farmers, this paper analyzes the adoption and impact of hybrid wheat in India. Based on survey data we show that farmers can benefit significantly from the proprietary technology. Neither farm size nor the subsistence level influence the adoption decision, but access to information and credit matters. Moreover, willingness-to-pay analysis reveals that adoption levels would be higher if seed prices were reduced. Given decreasing public support to agricultural research, policies should be targeted at reducing institutional constraints, to ensure that resource-poor farmers are not bypassed by private sector innovations.

CONCLUDING THE DOHA ROUND: AN IMPERATIVE

Palavras-chave: Hybrid wheat; India; Technology adoption; Contingent valuation; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25678

Land Rental Markets in India: Efficiency and Equity Considerations

Rosario, Joe A..

Much water has flowed under the bridge since ministers failed to conclude world trade negotiations in July 2009. The world underwent an historical recession brought about by the U.S. financial toxic asset scandal. Global trade has declined sharply and is forecasted to decline by 9% in real terms in 2009. World economic growth rates have declined dramatically. There have been several cases of covert (and some overt) protectionism by both developed and advanced economies. Despite declarations from world leaders on several occasions for the need to refrain from protectionist measures and the need for the resumption and conclusion of the Doha Round of trade negotiations over the past nine months, no such action has materialized. The two major contestants in...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: WTO; International trade; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; India; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60427

Akter, Shaheen; Farrington, John; Deshingkar, Priya; Sharma, Pramod; Rao, Laxman.

Despite the fact that land rental is restricted to varying degrees in India, the participation in this market is widespread and it is observed to operate relatively efficiently in 12 villages studied in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The estimated probit models predicted that the rental market transferred land to those with relatively smaller holdings, but greater ability to make productive use of land, more assets to invest, more adults available for labour and fewer off-farm opportunities. Also land is rented out predominantly to younger farmers and to farmers not involved in off-farm jobs. Renting in is predicted to be relatively higher in the villages which are remote and weakly integrated into mainstream infrastructure and institutions. Land...

The Unforeseen Developments Clause in Safeguards under the WTO: Confusions in Compliance

Palavras-chave: Land rental markets; Economic efficiency; Equity; India; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25265

The Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET): A Model for Strengthening National Agricultural Research Systems

Raychaudhuri, Tilottama.

In this article the author explores in detail the “unforeseen developments” requirement in the Agreement on Safeguards under the WTO. The author seeks to answer questions such as whether the requirement (i.e., unforeseen developments must be demonstrated in order for safeguard measures to be justified) is an integral part of the Agreement on Safeguards, and how the subjectivity associated with this requirement contributes to the difficulty of constructing a reasoned and adequate account of the causal chain. The article also includes within its scope a brief analysis of larger issues such as the political and economic rationale behind safeguard measures, and how ambiguities in the Agreement on Safeguards can destabilize the discipline of safeguards and...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: India; International trade; Safeguards; Unforeseen developments; WTO; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90792

The Role of Policy and Industry Structure in India's Oilseed Markets

Pray, Carl E..

This report reviews the impacts of the Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET), organized by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with funding from the Asian Development Bank to strengthen the capacity of public maize research institutions in China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to produce high-yielding, disease resistant, stress tolerant maize cultivars. It was found that, during its lifetime (1998-2005), AMBIONET clearly benefited researchers and institutions in participating countries, as well as CIMMYT. In addition, there was good progress toward developing improved cultivars. Asian farmers are just beginning to gain from the work, but their future benefits will likely pay for AMBIONET’s relatively...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Breeding methods; Research methods; Disease resistance; Yield increases; Research institutions; China; India; Indonesia; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam; Asia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F30; F01.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56103

Persaud, Suresh Chand; Landes, Maurice R..

High tariff and nontariff protection of the Indian oilseed sector imposes costs on consumers, supports an inefficient processing industry, and has led to negligible gains in oilseed output. Model-based simulations indicate that higher levels of protection would increase the burden on consumers, but do little to meet key policy goals of supporting producers and reducing import dependence. A shift to direct support of oilseed producer prices would increase output, but may be complex to implement and subject to WTO discipline. Liberalization of oilseed imports, by permitting large gains in processing efficiency, could generate a stream of benefits that would allow producers, consumers, and processors to be better off, and also improve the trade balance.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: India; Oilseeds; Soybeans; Vegetable oil; Meal; Processing industry; Industry structure; Policy; Trade liberalization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7218

Agricultural research and productivity growth in India

Evenson, Robert E.; Pray, Carl E.; Rosegrant, Mark W..

India’s investments in agricultural research, extension, and irrigation have made it one of the largest publicly funded systems in the world. But some policymakers who perceive that the benefits to research may be declining are advocating a cut back on public spending on research. This research report, which examines the effects of research and development on productivity in India, finds that India is still benefiting from these investments. The main sources of agricultural productivity growth in India during 1956–87 were public agricultural research and extension; expansion of irrigated area and rural infrastructure and improvement in human capital were also important contributors. The report also shows that the public benefits from private research can...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Research; India; Agricultural productivity; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37901

Basin-level use and productivity of water: examples from South Asia

Molden, David J.; Sakthivadivel, Ramasamy; Habib, Zaigham.

Discusses and illustrates concepts for identifying ways of improving productivity of water within basins. The results of applying a water accounting procedure to four sub-basins in South Asia (Bhakra in India; Chishtian in Pakistan; Huruluwewa in northern Sri Lanka; and Kirindi Oya in southern Sri Lanka) are presented. The methodology used identifies the quantities and productivity of various uses of water within a basin. This information is then used to identify the water-saving potential, and the means of improving the productivity of the managed supplies.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water management; Water conservation; River basins; Water use; Productivity; Case studies; Irrigated farming; Indicators; Water scarcity; South Asia; India; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Bhakra; Chishtian; Kirindi Oya; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61099

UNDERSTANDING, MEASURING AND UTILIZING SOCIAL CAPITAL: CLARIFYING CONCEPTS AND PRESENTING A FIELD APPLICATION FROM INDIA

Impact of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems

Krishna, Anirudh.

Social capital is a resource, a propensity for mutually beneficial collective action that communities possess to different extents. Communities with high levels of social capital are able to act together collectively for achieving diverse common objectives. While the concept of social capital is valid universally, the measure of social capital will vary by context. It must be related in each case to aspects of social relations that assist mutually beneficial collective action within that particular cultural context. A locally relevant scale of social capital was developed to assess whether and how social capital mattered for development performance in 69 north Indian villages. Variables corresponding to other bodies of explanation, including extent of...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Social capital; India; Agency; Development; Institutions; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55443

Laxmi, Vijay; Erenstein, Olaf; Gupta, Raj K..

To date, the most widely adopted resource conserving technology (RCT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP)has been zero-tillage (ZT) for wheat after rice, particularly in India. This report reviews and synthesizes the experience with zero tillage in the Indian IGP. Zero tillage of wheat after rice generates significant benefits at the farm level, both in terms of significant yield gains (6–10%, particularly due to timelier planting of wheat) and cost savings (5–10%, particularly tillage savings). These benefits explain the widespread interest of farmers and the rapidity of the diffusion across the Indian IGP, further aided by the wide applicability of this mechanical innovation. The study subsequently reports on the findings of village-level focus-group...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Wheat; Rice; Agricultural development; Zero tillage; Farming systems; Rotational cropping; Water use; Environmental factors; Production costs; India; Crop Production/Industries; E16; F08.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56093

ON TESTS FOR LONG MEMORY PROCESS BEHAVIOR OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM MARKET: THAILAND AND INDIA

Sriboonchitta, Songsak; Chaitip, Prasert; Balogh, Peter; Kovacs, Sandor; Chaiboonsri, Chukiat.

In our research we examine the behaviour of both Thailand’s and India’s international tourism market by using long-memory analysis. The international tourism market of Thailand combined with seven groups such as East Asia, Europe, The Americas, South Asia, Oceania, Middle East and Africa. Similarly, the international tourism market of India combined with nine countries: USA, UK, Canada, Germany, France, Japan, Malaysia, Australia and Sri Lanka. Moreover, three statistical tests for long-memory process such as R/S test, Modified R/S test and GPH-test are employed to study these markets. The empirical findings in general provide more support for long memory process in international tourism market of Thailand and evidence for short-term dependence in...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Thailand; India; Long-memory process; Tourism Market; Marketing.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104679

Impact of Research Investment on Technology Development and Total Factor Productivity in Major Field Crops of Peninsular India

Ananth, G.S.; Chengappa, P.G.; Janaiah, Aldas.

Increase in agricultural productivity is induced by public investment in research. Several studies have analyzed the impact of research investment at the national level but such analyses at the state or regional level are a few. The present study is an attempt to analyze the pattern and quantify the returns to research investment made over a period of 25 years on major field crops such as rice, jowar, finger millet (ragi), red gram, groundnut, sunflower, cotton and sugarcane in a predominantly agrarian state of Karnataka in peninsular India. The impact of research investment was assessed in terms of technology developed and growth in total factor productivity. The agricultural research investment had profound effect on the development of technologies...

Financing Structures for CDM Projects in India and Capacity Building Options for EU-Indo Collaboration

Palavras-chave: Research investment; TFP; Technology development; India; Field crops; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25740

Deodhar, Vinay; Michaelowa, Axel; Krey, Matthias.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) enables industrialized countries to meet a part of their emission reduction requirements through purchase of emission reduction credits from projects in developing countries. Various studies have concluded that India is likely to be one of the major countries supplying such projects. However, in order that a large number of high-quality CDM projects is developed and result in Certified Emission Reductions as specified by the international CDM Executive Board, the institutional set up in the Indian finance sector has to be suitably geared up. So far, banks and financial institutions have not developed procedures for efficient financing of...

The Socio-Economics of Gender Issues in Rural India: Results of Interviews in Three Villages and a Forest Meeting in Eastern India

Palavras-chave: International Climate Policy; CDM; Financial Institutions; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26139

Tisdell, Clement A.; Roy, Kartik C..

Reports responses to interviews conducted in three rural villages in Eastern India in January 2000 as well as replies to questions to asked at a forest meeting of groups/persons interested in rural women and development. The questions were designed to provide information on gender-bias and possible reasons for it, especially any economic reasons. These interviews are intended to supplement detailed questionnaires directed to wives in these villages. Interviews were conducted with Kondhs and scheduled caste villages in a village west of Dashapalla in Orissa, with Santals in all Santal villages, Bandhgora, in the Midnapore region of West Bengal and with Santals and scheduled caste Hindus in a mixed village, Sanandapur, in the same region. The results...

Has Green Revolution Bypassed Coarse Cereals? The Indian Experience

Palavras-chave: Gender inequality; India; Caste system; Tribal groups; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100030

Janaiah, Aldas; Achoth, Lalith; Bantilan, Ma Cynthia S..

This paper analysed the growth performance of non-rice crop sectors by estimating total factor productivity (TFP) growth for the selected coarse cereals viz., maize, sorghum and pearl millet in India. The analysis indicates that the TFP growth contributed substantially to the output growth of coarse cereals over the past three decades. The TFP growth was higher in those states where coverage of irrigation was relatively high. TFP grew at an average of 1.4 percent per annum through out the Green Revolution (GR) period for sorghum in the sate of Maharashtra where about half of the India’s sorghum area is concentrated mostly under rainfed conditions. Although small in absolute terms over the past three decades, the overall findings suggest that GR...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Coarse cereals; Green revolution; Adoption rate; India; International Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110142

The Economics of Milk Production in Orissa, India, with particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers

Saha, Amit; Garcia, Otto; Hemme, Torsten.

The purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in the state of Orissa, one of the poorest states in India, and to evaluate the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry. The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of typical farms. Three broad farm types were selected to represent 'typical farms' in the state: farms stall feeding two dairy animals (buffalo or local cattle), representing the most common farm type found in the state, farms with six dairy animals, located in peri-urban areas benefiting from good market access, and rural farms practicing a form...