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Strategies to reduce mortality and morbidity due to AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis in Latin America 55
Vidal,Jose E.; Oliveira,Augusto C. Penalva de; Dauar,Rafi F.; Boulware,David R..
Latin America is the region with the third most AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis infections globally. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the number of infections; however, the number of deaths and the case-fatality rate continues to be unacceptable. In this review, we focus on the burden of AIDS-related cryptococcosis in Latin America and discuss potential strategies to reduce early mortality from Cryptococcus. In this review, we highlight the importance of: (1) earlier HIV diagnosis and HAART initiation with retention-in-care to avoid AIDS; (2) pre-HAART cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) screening with preemptive fluconazole treatment; (3) better diagnostics (e.g. CRAG testing); and (4) optimal treatment with aggressive management of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cryptococcal meningitis; Cryptococccosis; Epidemiology; Diagnosis; Treatment; Mortality; Latin America.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000300008
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Case report of lymph nodal, hepatic and splenic tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient 55
Barone,Bianca; Kreuzig,Patrícia Lago; Gusmão,Patricia Medeiros; Chamié,Daniel; Bezerra,Sabrina; Pinheiro,Pedro; Coscarelli,Pedro; Paiva,Daurita; Fonseca,Leila; Marsico,Anna; Cirigliano,André; Perez,Mário.
We describe a case of a male patient, 38 years old, HIV-positive (most recent CD4 count about 259/mm³), with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, and vespertine high fever with chills. His hemogram showed normocytic and normochromic anemia, with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and gross granulations in the neutrophils. Transaminases were normal. Bone marrow biopsy evidenced a chronic disease anemia pattern and a lack of infectious agents. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a normal-size spleen, which exhibited heterogeneous parenchyma and multiple small hypoechoic images, together with small ascites, peripancreatic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. These findings were confirmed by abdominal CT. The liver was normal in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; HIV; Treatment.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702006000200014
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Classical and recent advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases 56
Sales-Campos,H.; Basso,P.J.; Alves,V.B.F.; Fonseca,M.T.C.; Bonfá,G.; Nardini,V.; Cardoso,C.R.B..
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are intestinal disorders that comprise the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These disorders have a significant effect on the quality of life of affected patients and the increasing number of IBD cases worldwide is a growing concern. Because of the overall burden of IBD and its multifactorial etiology, efforts have been made to improve the medical management of these inflammatory conditions. The classical therapeutic strategies aim to control the exacerbated host immune response with aminosalicylates, antibiotics, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological agents. Although successful in the treatment of several CD or UC conditions, these drugs have limited...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn's disease; Ulcerative colitis; Treatment; Immune modulation; Cellular therapy.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015000200096
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Effect of strontium ranelate on pain behavior in an experimental model of osteoarthritis 56
Rodrigues,T.A.; Sampaio Junior,A.J.B.; Nunes,I.D.P.; Cartágenes,M.S.S.; Garcia,J.B.S..
Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is a drug usually prescribed to treat osteoporosis, with proven effects of decreasing the risk of fractures and an indication of reducing the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of SrRan as either a prophylactic or a treatment drug, using an OA rat model to assess pain behavior. A monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee joint OA model in Wistar rats was used. Thirty Wistar rats (both sexes, 60 days old) were distributed in five groups of 6 rats each: the control group, that received no intervention; a prophylactic group, that received oral administration of 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days before induction of OA; a group treated with 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days after OA...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Osteoarthritis; Strontium ranelate; Pain; Treatment; Prophylaxis.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017000900602
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated in São Paulo (Brazil): results of the PLATINO study 56
Nascimento,O.A.; Camelier,A.; Rosa,F.W.; Menezes,A.M.B.; Pérez-Padilla,R.; Jardim,J.R..
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in adults over 40 years of age and has a great social and economic impact. It remains little recognized and undertreated even in developed countries. However, there are no data about its diagnosis and treatment in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the proportion of COPD patients who had never been diagnosed and to determine if the COPD patients who had been identified were receiving appropriate treatment. The Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease (PLATINO) was a randomized epidemiological study of adults over 40 years living in five metropolitan areas, including São Paulo. The studied sample was randomly selected from the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Diagnosis; Treatment; Vaccination; Smoking; Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007000700001
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Strontium ranelate as a possible disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug: a systematic review 56
Rodrigues,T.A.; Freire,A.O.; Bonfim,B.F.; Cartágenes,M.S.S.; Garcia,J.B.S..
Considering that osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide, multiple pharmacological treatments have been proposed to alter the articular structure with potential benefit in the progression of the disease. The so-called disease-modifying OA drugs have been frequently investigated but conclusive findings are rare. Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is a drug usually prescribed to treat osteoporosis, with proven effects in decreasing the risk of fractures and possible effect in reducing the progression of OA. The objective of this review was to demonstrate the current panorama of knowledge on the use of SrRan in clinical and experimental models, clarifying its mechanisms of action and describing possible anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Osteoarthritis; Strontium ranelate; Treatment; Pain; Symptoms.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000800302
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Extracellular vesicles: structure, function, and potential clinical uses in renal diseases 56
Borges,F.T.; Reis,L.A.; Schor,N..
Interest in the role of extracellular vesicles in various diseases including cancer has been increasing. Extracellular vesicles include microvesicles, exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and argosomes, and are classified by size, content, synthesis, and function. Currently, the best characterized are exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes are small vesicles (40-100 nm) involved in intercellular communication regardless of the distance between them. They are found in various biological fluids such as plasma, serum, and breast milk, and are formed from multivesicular bodies through the inward budding of the endosome membrane. Microvesicles are 100-1000 nm vesicles released from the cell by the outward budding of the plasma membrane. The therapeutic potential of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Extracellular vesicles; Cell biology; Kidney diseases; Diagnosis; Treatment.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2013001000824
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Treatment of a subdural empyema complicated by intracerebral abscess due to Brucella infection 56
Zhang,J.; Chen,Z.; Xie,L.; Zhao,C.; Zhao,H.; Fu,C.; Chen,G.; Hao,Z.; Wang,L.; Li,W..
A 55-year-old male presented with fever, stupor, aphasia, and left hemiparesis. A history of head trauma 3 months before was also reported. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed slight contrast enhancement of lesions under the right frontal skull plate and right frontal lobe. Because of deterioration in nutritional status and intracranial hypertension, the patient was prepared for burr hole surgery. A subdural empyema (SDE) recurred after simple drainage. After detection of Brucella species in SDE, craniotomy combined with antibiotic treatment was undertaken. The patient received antibiotic therapy for 6 months (two doses of 2 g ceftriaxone, two doses of 100 mg doxycycline, and 700 mg rifapentine for 6 months) that resulted in complete cure of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Subdural empyema; Neurobrucellosis; Craniotomy; Infection; Treatment.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017000500501
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A randomized crossover clinical study showing that methylphenidate-SODAS improves attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents with substance use disorder 56
Szobot,C.M.; Rohde,L.A.; Katz,B.; Ruaro,P.; Schaefer,T.; Walcher,M.; Bukstein,O.; Pechansky,F..
Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a long-acting formulation of methylphenidate (MPH-SODAS) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in an outpatient sample of adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorders (SUD). Secondary goals were to evaluate the tolerability and impact on drug use of MPH-SODAS. This was a 6-week, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study assessing efficacy of escalated doses of MPH-SODAS on ADHD symptoms in 16 adolescents with ADHD/SUD. Participants were randomly allocated to either group A (weeks 1-3 on MPH-SODAS, weeks 4-6 on placebo) or group B (reverse order). The primary outcome measures were the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale, version IV (SNAP-IV) and the Clinical Global Impression...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Methylphenidate; Substance use disorder; Treatment; Adolescents.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000300012
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Mirtazapine versus fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder 56
Ribeiro,L.; Busnello,J.V.; Kauer-Sant'Anna,M.; Madruga,M.; Quevedo,J.; Busnello,E.A.D.; Kapczinski,F..
Mirtazapine is an antidepressant whose side effect profile differs from that of first-line agents (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) used in the treatment of panic disorder. The present study compared the effect of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder in a double-blind, randomized, flexible-dose trial conducted with outpatients. After a 1-week single-blind placebo run-in, 27 patients entered an 8-week double-blind phase in which they were randomly assigned to treatment with either mirtazapine or fluoxetine. Both groups improved significantly in all but one efficacy measure (P<=0.01). ANOVA showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups in number of panic attacks, Hamilton Anxiety Scale or Sheehan...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Mirtazapine; Fluoxetine; Panic disorder; Treatment; Randomized trial.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001001000010
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Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) deficit: the strength of recognition (51 cases) 56
Fragnan,N.T.M.L.; Tolentino,A.L.N.; Borba,G.B.; Oliveira,A.C.; Simões,J.A.; Palma,S.M.U.; Constantino-Silva,R.N.; Grumach,A.S..
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH). The disease is characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal edema in the absence of urticaria due to the accumulation of bradykinin. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HAE referred to our Outpatient Clinic between December 2009 and November 2017. Fifty-one patients (38 F, 13 M) with a mean age of 32 years (range: 7–70 y) were included. Family history of HAE was reported in 70% (36/51) of the cases; 33/46 patients became symptomatic by 18 years of age. The median time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 13 years (3 mo–50 y). The most frequent triggering factors...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Hereditary angioedema; C1 esterase inhibitor; Diagnosis; Treatment; Complement.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018001200607
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In vitro and in vivo inhibition of rabies virus replication by RNA interference 58
Ono,Ekaterina A. Durymanova; Iamamoto,Keila; Castilho,Juliana G.; Carnieli Jr.,Pedro; Oliveira,Rafael de Novaes; Achkar,Samira M.; Carrieri,Maria L.; Kotait,Ivanete; Brandão,Paulo E..
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects all mammals and leads to more than 55,000 human deaths every year, caused by rabies virus (RABV) (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae: Lyssavirus). Currently, human rabies treatment is based on the Milwaukee Protocol which consists on the induction of coma and massive antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the decrease in the titer of rabies virus both in vitro and in vivo using short-interfering RNAs. To this end, three siRNAs were used with antisense strands complementary to rabies virus nucleoprotein (N) mRNA. BHK-21 cells monolayers were infected with 1000 to 0.1 TCID50 of PV and after 2 hours the cells were transfected with each of tree RNAs in separate using Lipofectamine-2000. All three siRNAs...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Rabies; RNA interference; SiRNAs; Antiviral; Treatment.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822013000300034
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis and the expression of selected virulence and pathogenesis genes in response to 6°c, 65°c and ph 2.0 58
Pribylova,Radka; Kralik,Petr; Donnelly,Neysan; Matiasovic,Jan; Pavlik,Ivo.
The aim of this work was to study the expression of selected Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) genes connected with MAP virulence, adhesion and stress response. The temperature of 6°C and 65°C were chosen with regard to the food industry, storage conditions (refrigerator) and low-temperature pasteurization. A pH of 2.0, using lactic acid, was selected to mimic the natural environment of the stomach. Expression of selected genes was studied using real time reverse transcription PCR on three different MAP isolates. MAP isolates were chosen according to the number of their preceding cultivations. While isolates 8672 and 8819 were previously cultivated only once, MAP isolate 12146 went through four passages. Different expression profiles were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: MAP; Johne's disease; Stress; Treatment; Real time PCR.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822011000200049
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Short interfering RNAs targeting a vampire-bat related rabies virus phosphoprotein mRNA 58
Ono,Ekaterina Alexandrovna Durymanova; Taniwaki,Sueli Akemi; Brandão,Paulo.
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo effects of short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) mRNA in a post-infection treatment for rabies as an extension of a previous report (Braz J Microbiol. 2013 Nov 15;44(3):879-82). To this end, rabies virus strain RABV-4005 (related to the Desmodus rotundus vampire bat) were used to inoculate BHK-21 cells and mice, and the transfection with each of the siRNAs was made with Lipofectamine-2000™. In vitro results showed that siRNA 360 was able to inhibit the replication of strain RABV-4005 with a 1 log decrease in virus titter and 5.16-fold reduction in P mRNA, 24 h post-inoculation when compared to non-treated cells. In vivo, siRNA 360 was able to induce...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Rabies; Treatment; RNA interference.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822017000300566
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An update on equine laminitis 65
Laskoski,Luciane Maria; Valadão,Carlos Augusto Araújo; Dittrich,Rosangela Locatelli; Deconto,Ivan; Faleiros,Rafael Resende.
ABSTRACT: Laminitis is a severe podal affection, which pathophysiology remains partially renowned. Ischemic, enzymatic, metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms are connected to the development of laminar lesions. However, few therapeutic measures are effective to prevent or control the severity of acute laminitis and its prodromal stage, which often determines serious complications such as rotation and/or sinking of the distal phalanx and even the loss of hoof. The purpose of this study is to compile the actual knowledge in respect to the pathophysiology and treatment of equine laminitis.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Horse; Pathophysiology; Treatment; Podal disease.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782016000300547
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The measurement of urine pH to predict the amount of buffer used in the treatment of acute rumen lactic acidosis in cattle 65
Maruta,Celso Akio; Leal,Marta Lizandra do Rego; Mendes Netto,Daniel; Mori,Clara Satsuki; Antonelli,Alexandre Coutinho; Ortolani,Enrico Lippi.
The purpose of the present study was to establish a practical, fast, precise and low-cost procedure to estimate the degree of metabolic acidosis in cattle with acute rumen lactic acidosis for further treatment. The rumen acidosis was induced experimentally in 40 crossbreed rumen-cannulated 1.5-year-old steers. The induction caused the development of the most characteristic clinical signs of acute rumen lactic acidosis, severe rumen acidosis and a moderate metabolic acidosis, which was evidenced by low blood pH, and blood bicarbonate concentration and base excess (BE). A highly positive correlation (r=0.80) between urinary pH and BE concentration, and between urinary pH and blood pH (r=0.75) was observed. The BE concentration estimated by urinary pH was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lactic acidosis; Urine pH; Cattle; Base excess; Treatment.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782008000300019
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A weight loss protocol and owners participation in the treatment of canine obesity 65
Carciofi,Aulus Cavalieri; Gonçalves,Karina Nogueira Venturelli; Vasconcellos,Ricardo Souza; Bazolli,Rodrigo Sousa; Brunetto,Márcio Antonio; Prada,Flávio.
The success of a weight loss program for pets depends on the owners collaboration. Their compliance is fundamental in establishing the correct food management. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a weight loss program in two groups of dogs, one maintained under experimental conditions and the other with their owners. The same hypocaloric food was used to feed all animals, the amount being restricted to 60% of the estimated maintenance energy requirement for a 15% reduction of the present body weight of the dog. The animals were followed during 90 days. A standard questionnaire was used to study the owners' perception of obesity and its treatment. The protocol and the diet were found to be effective. The control dogs had an...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dogs; Obesity; Treatment; Diet.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782005000600016
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Economic impact of digital dermatitis treatment on a dairy farm: an application of the break-even analysis 65
Akin,Ibrahim; Akin,Tugba.
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the economic efficiency of DD treatment on milk yield in lame cows suffering from DD. A total of 33 Holstein dairy cows with DD were included in the study. The milk yields were assessed as (1st); beginning milk production (BMP), (2nd); peak milk production before the diagnosis (PMPBD), (3rd); diagnosis day milk production (DMP), and (4th); post-treatment milk production (TMP). In the first stage of analyses, using the E-views equity test of means program, cows were classified into three groups for diagnosis time of DD according to the day in milk (DIM) (Group 1: 0 ≤ DIM ≤ 50, Group 2: 51 ≤ DIM ≤ 100, and Group 3: 101 ≤ DIM ≤ 150). Analysis of variance (ANOVA F-Test) and the Welch F-Test were conducted to compare the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dairy cow; Digital dermatitis; Treatment; Dairy economics; Break-even analysis.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782018000800604
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Hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide against parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in jundiá fingerlings 65
Marchiori,Natalia da Costa; Silva,Fabiano Muller; Martins,Maurício Laterça; Amaral Junior,Hilton; Silva,Bruno Corrêa da.
ABSTRACT: Ichthyophthiriasis is a worldwide fish disease with great financial impact on freshwater fish farming due to its associated high mortality rates. Current study assesses the parasiticidal capacity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against the causative agent, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, in jundiá. Median lethal concentration (LC50, 96h) of each chemical agent was established, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of hydrogen peroxide for the parasite´s infectious larval phase (theront). Products were tested asynchronously in parasitized fingerlings for short and long baths at the following concentrations and exposure times: 1. Hydrogen peroxide: (T1) continuous bath - 30ppm and (T2) 50ppm; (T3) short bath -...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: “ich”; Parasite; Rhamdia quelen drug; Treatment.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782017001200501
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