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| Tischendorf, Lutz; ELUTIS Modelling and Consulting Inc.; lutz.tischendorf@gmx.net; Grez, Audrey; Universidad de Chile; agrez@uchile.cl; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca. |
| We conducted a factorial simulation experiment to analyze the relative importance of movement pattern, boundary-crossing probability, and mortality in habitat and matrix on population density, and its dependency on habitat fragmentation, as well as inter-patch distance. We also examined how the initial response of a species to a fragmentation event may affect our observations of population density in post-fragmentation experiments. We found that the boundary-crossing probability from habitat to matrix, which partly determines the emigration rate, is the most important determinant for population density within habitat patches. The probability of crossing a boundary from matrix to habitat had a weaker, but positive, effect on population density. Movement... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Boundary crossing; Emigration; Habitat fragmentation; Immigration; Modeling; Movement; Population density; Simulation; Time scale. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Waltner-Toews, David; University of Guelph; dwaltner@uoguelph.ca; Kay, James; ;. |
| Over the past 15 yr, an international network of researchers has developed and tested a methodology for integrating complex systems theories into sustainable development projects. Drawing on our best theoretical understanding of complex systems and combining it with best practices of community engagement drawn from a wide variety of sources, we have developed a methodology that is theoretically sound and practically effective. AMESH, an Adaptive Methodology for Ecosystem Sustainability and Health, has emerged from, and been tested in, Nepal, Kenya, Canada, and Peru. |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem approach; Research methodologies; Adaptive ecosystem management; Systems theory; Sustainable development; Development projects; Eco-social systems; Diamond schematic; Heuristics; Narratives; Cross-talk. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Koedam, Nico; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; nikoedam@vub.ac.be; Ruiz Luna, Arturo; CIAD-Mazatlan; arluna@victoria.ciad.mx; Troell, Max; Beijer Institute; max@beijer.kva.se; Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; fdahdouh@vub.ac.be. |
| The present study focuses on the Navachiste-San Ignacio-Macapule lagoon complex in northwest Mexico and evaluates the spatiotemporal change in the mangrove area over the last three decades using Landsat MSS and TM imagery. Local ethnobotanical uses of the mangrove forest and local perceptions about the status and recent development of the mangrove forest cover are also analyzed. The results of interviews with 54 inhabitants of four fishing villages in the study area indicated that, overall, Laguncularia racemosa is the most frequently used species in this region of the Mexican Pacific coast, where it serves as firewood and a construction material, particularly for walls and fences. The next-ranked species were Avicennia germinans, which is used for tea,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Mangrove; Ethnobiology; Remote sensing; Time series; Thematic Mapper; Multi-Spectral Scanner; Mexico. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Bhagwat, Shonil A; Natural History Museum, London; S.Bhagwat@nhm.ac.uk; Kushalappa, Cheppudira G; University of Agricultural Sciences College of Forestry; kushalcg@sancharnet.in; Williams, Paul H; Natural History Museum, London; P.Williams@nhm.ac.uk; Brown, Nick D; University of Oxford; nick.brown@plants.ox.ac.uk. |
| Although it is widely believed that an important function of protected areas is to conserve species that are unable to survive elsewhere, there are very few empirical studies in which a comparison is made between biodiversity of protected areas and that of the cultivated landscape surrounding them. We examined the diversity of trees, birds, and macrofungi at 58 sites in three land-use types in a tree-covered landscape in Kodagu district in the Western Ghats of India. Ten forest reserve sites in the formal protected area, and 25 sacred groves and 23 coffee plantations in the neighboring cultivated landscape were sampled. A total of 215 tree, 86 bird, and 163 macrofungus species were recorded. The forest reserve had a large number of trees that were... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Endemic and threatened species; Medicinal plants; Non-timber forest products; Protected areas; Sacred groves; Western Ghats of India. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Haller, William; Clemson University; whaller@clemson.edu. |
| This article traces the steel industry's restructuring during the 1980s and its consequences for older industrial regions tied historically to steel production. These regions contained large working-class communities that declined because of deindustrialization and restructuring. This article first examines the transition of the steel industry from its roots in extractive and primary manufacturing to a scrap-recycling industry that minimizes labor and raw material inputs. This transition parallels the structural changes in other industries addressed by political economic perspectives, such as the new international division of labor and globalization of production. The article then focuses on the socioeconomic and structural changes, using the Pittsburgh... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Deindustrialization; Economic restructuring; Underclass; Uneven development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Palo, Thomas R; Mid-Sweden University; Thomas.palo@miun.se. |
| Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, but the natural reservoir is unknown and environmental conditions for outbreaks in mammals and man are poorly understood. The present study analyzed the synchrony between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the number of human cases of tularemia reported in Sweden, and the density of hares. Climate variation at a lag of 2 yr explained as a single factor ~ 27% of the variation in the number of tularemia cases over time. A low NAO index, indicating cold winters, and low water flow in rivers during the coming summer were associated with high numbers of human cases of tularemia 2 yr later. The number of mountain hares was not related to NAO or to the number of cases of tularemia. The change... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Tularemia; Climate; North Atlantic Oscillation index; Disease transmission; Global warming; Francisella tularensis; Lepus timidus. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Cundill, Georgina N. R.; Rhodes University; gcundill@rides.cl; Fabricius, Christo; Rhodes University; c.fabricius@ru.ac.za; Marti, Neus; Autonomous University; neus@amauta.rcp.net.pe. |
| Complex systems are shaped by cross-scale interactions, nonlinear feedbacks, and uncertainty, among other factors. Transdisciplinary approaches that combine participatory and conventional methods and democratize knowledge to enable diverse inputs, including those from local, informal experts, are essential tools in understanding such systems. The metaphor of a “bridge” to overcome the divide between different disciplines and knowledge systems is often used to advocate for more inclusive approaches. However, there is a shortage of information and consensus on the process, methodologies, and techniques that are appropriate to achieve this. This paper compares two case studies from Peru and South Africa in which community-level assessments... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Ecological assessment; Community-based assessment; Complexity; Scale; Epistemology; Methodology; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Complex systems; Uncertainty; Peru; South Africa; Case studies; Transdisciplinary research. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Lessard, Robert B; University of Alberta; bob.lessard@ualberta.ca; Martell, Steven J. D.; University of British Columbia; s.martell@fisheries.ubc.ca; Walters, Carl J; University of British Columbia; c.walters@fisheries.ubc.ca; Essington, Timothy E; University of Washington; essing@u.washington.edu; Kitchell, James F; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin; kitchell@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu. |
| We review four case studies in which there is a risk of extinction or severe reduction in highly valued species if we ignore either, or both, of two ecosystem control options. “Symptomatic control” implies direct control of extinction risk through direct harvesting or culling of competitors and predators. “Systemic control” implies treating the causes of the problem that led to an unnaturally high abundance in the first place. We demonstrate, with a discussion of historically observed population trends, how surprising trophic interactions can emerge as a result of alterations to a system. Simulation models were developed for two of the case studies as aids to adaptive policy design, to expose possible abundance... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Predator control; Trophic interactions. |
| Ano: 2005 |
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| Silva Busso,Adrián; Santa Cruz,Jorge. |
| Se estudió la afectación ambiental de aguas subterráneas, incluyendo factores de origen humano, en las cuencas inferiores de los ríos Luján, Escobar y Garín en el partido de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se determinó la hidroquímica mediante un inventario de perforaciones, muestreo de pozos y cursos superficiales, relevamientos de fuentes de contaminación potencial y selección de indicadores de contaminación. Se elaboró un SIG con mapas base, georeferenciamiento y base de datos asociada y se confeccionó la cartografía temática para analizar relaciones. Se llevó a cabo un relevamiento del uso de la tierra y se realizó un análisis multivariado para establecer las asociaciones y los orígenes de los elementos traza presentes en el agua... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Hidrogeología; Hidrogeoquímica; Uso de la tierra; Contaminación; Riesgo. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2005000100005 |
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| Registros recuperados: 13.863 | |
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