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| Registros recuperados: 14.614 | |
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| Huigen, Marco G. A.; Leiden University; mhuigen@uni-hohenheim.de; Overmars, Koen P.; Leiden University; overmars@cml.leidenuniv.nl; de Groot, Wouter T.; Leiden University; degroot@cml.leidenuniv.nl. |
| Land-use system dynamics and demographic dynamics are tightly coupled. In environmental science and studies of changes in land use and land cover, an unequivocal relationship is sometimes found between both systems, especially in coarse-scale studies. To obtain a better understanding of these intermingling dynamics, we formulated an agent-based model, the MameLuke settlement model, that used a deductive approach to investigate these relationships. The model was constructed based on ethnographic histories of farm households in San Mariano, the Philippines. The model was calibrated visually. Although this calibration approach proved to be very inefficient, the model itself still outperformed a random model. The model formulation process and the model... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Actor decision-making; Agent-based models; Ethnic distribution; Ethnographic history; Land-use dynamics; Mameluke framework; Philippines; Population dynamics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Gunderson, Lance H; Emory University; lgunder@emory.edu; Carpenter, Steve R; University of Wisconsin; srcarpen@facstaff.wisc.edu; Folke, Carl; Stockholm University; calle@system.ecology.su.se; Olsson, Per; Centre for Transdiciplinary Environmental Research; per@ctm.su.se; Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca. |
| The lakes in the northern highlands of Wisconsin, USA, the lakes and wetlands of Kristianstads Vattenrike in southern Sweden, and the Everglades of Florida, USA, provide cases that can be used to compare the linkages between ecological resilience and social dynamics. The erosion of ecological resilience in aquatic and wetland ecosystems is often a result of past management actions and is manifest as a real or perceived ecological crisis. Learning is a key ingredient in response to the loss of ecological resilience. Learning is facilitated through networks that operate in distinct arenas and are structured for dialogue, synthesis, and imaginative solutions to chart alternative futures. The networks also help counter maladaptive processes such as information... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Resilience management social networks learning; Wetlands; Lakes; Wisconsin; Everglades; Florida; Sweden. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca. |
| Most research in the area of common and common-pool resources in the past two or three decades sought the simplicity of community-based resource management cases to develop theory. This was done mainly because of the relative ease of observing processes of self-governance in simple cases, but it raises questions related to scale. To what extent can the findings of small-scale, community-based commons be scaled up to generalize about regional and global commons? Even though some of the principles from community-based studies are likely to be relevant across scale, new and different principles may also come into play at different levels. The study of cross-level institutions such as institutions of co-management, provides ways to approach scale-related... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article |
Palavras-chave: Common property theory; Community-based resource management; Complex adaptive systems; Marine commons; Scale.. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Hammond, David S; NWFS Consulting; dhammond@nwfs.biz; Zagt, Roderick J; Tropenbos International; Roderick.Zagt@tropenbos.org. |
| Systems devised for managing tropical forests sustainably have yet to prove successful. In many instances, they have fallen short of initial prospects, but the reasons for these shortfalls are often not apparent. Here, we explore factors that can shape the likelihood of success, collectively referred to as background conditions, which are not always adequately considered prior to selecting a suitable management system. We examine the ability of one background condition, geologic terrane, to explain crude spatial variation in a number of trailing indicators of varying forest land use. Forest areas on Precambrian and Phanerozoic terranes show significant differences in production of fossil hydrocarbons, gold, and tropical roundwood, among other indicators,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article |
Palavras-chave: Enabling conditions; Tropical forest management; Geologic terrane; Climate; Sustainable development. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Nelson, Gerald C; University of Illinois; gnelson@uiuc.edu; Bennett, Elena; McGill University;; Berhe, Asmeret A; University of California at Berkeley;; Cassman, Kenneth; University of Nebraska;; DeFries, Ruth; University of Maryland;; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University;; Dobermann, Achim; University of Nebraska;; Dobson, Andrew; Princeton University;; Janetos, Anthony; Joint Global Change Research Institute;; Levy, Marc; Columbia University;; Nakicenovic, Nebojsa; Vienna University of Technology;; O'Neill, Brian; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;; Norgaard, Richard; University of California at Berkeley;; Petschel-Held, Gerhard; ;; Ojima, Dennis; Colorado State University;; Pingali, Prabhu; FAO;; Watson, Robert; World Bank;; Zurek, Monika; FAO;. |
| This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls “indirect and direct drivers” of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important direct drivers include changes in climate,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Drivers of change; Direct drivers; Indirect drivers; Demographic drivers; Economic drivers; Sociopolitical drivers; Cultural and religious drivers; Scientific and technological drivers; Physical and biological drivers; Climate change; Plant nutrient use; Land conversion; Diseases; Invasive species. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Newton, Adrian C; Bournemouth University; anewton@bournemouth.ac.uk; Marshall, Elaine; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre; elaine.marshall@unep-wcmc.org; Schreckenberg, Kathrin; Overseas Development Institute; KSchreckenberg@odi.org.uk; Golicher, Duncan; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; dgoliche@sclc.ecosur.mx; te Velde, Dirk W; Overseas Development Institute; dwtevelde@odi.org.uk; Edouard, Fabrice; Methodus Consultora;; Arancibia, Erik; ;. |
| Commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has been widely promoted as a means of sustainably developing tropical forest resources, in a way that promotes forest conservation while supporting rural livelihoods. However, in practice, NTFP commercialization has often failed to deliver the expected benefits. Progress in analyzing the causes of such failure has been hindered by the lack of a suitable framework for the analysis of NTFP case studies, and by the lack of predictive theory. We address these needs by developing a probabilistic model based on a livelihood framework, enabling the impact of NTFP commercialization on livelihoods to be predicted. The framework considers five types of capital asset needed to support livelihoods: natural,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Conservation; NTFP; Sustainable development; Tropical forest. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Meijaard, Erik; The Nature Conservancy-East Kalimantan; emeijaard@TNC.ORG; Sheil, Douglas; Center for International Forestry Research; d.sheil@cgiar.org; Stanley, Scott A.; The Nature Conservancy-East Kalimantan; sstanley@tnc.org. |
| Based on an extensive review of the literature, and broad consultation with experts, we have assessed the sensitivity of Bornean vertebrates to the direct and indirect effects of timber harvest. Well-implemented selective logging has a relatively limited direct impact on wildlife populations: few species appear quite sensitive, some benefit, some decline. However, current management practices in Indonesian Borneo generally cause a decline in wildlife populations. Guidelines for sustainable forest management are primarily focused on trees, with few specific recommendations on how to sustainably manage wildlife populations in timber concessions. Based on our findings, we provide extensive wildlife management guidelines, pointing out the importance of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Asia; Biodiversity; Borneo; Disturbance; Hunting; Sustainable forest management.. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Crona, Beatrice Irene; Department of Systems Ecology; beatrice@ecology.su.se. |
| The heterogeneous nature of even small communities has been acknowledged, yet how such heterogeneity is reflected in local ecological knowledge (LEK) among groups of resource users in a community is poorly studied. This study examines the ecological knowledge held by fisher groups using differing gear and operating in different subsystems of a coastal seascape in south Kenya. Knowledge is compared to that of nonfishing groups and is analyzed with respect to the scales of ecological processes and disturbances affecting the ecosystem to identify mismatches of scale between local knowledge and ecological processes, as well as points of convergence upon which emerging scientific and local community information exchange can build and develop. Results reveal... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous; Local ecological knowledge (LEK); Seascape; Kenya; East Africa; Artisanal fishery. |
| Ano: 2006 |
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| Registros recuperados: 14.614 | |
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