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| Registros recuperados: 167 | |
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| Mbatha, C. Nhlanhla; Antrobus, G.G.. |
| The Physical Externality Model is used to illustrate the potential limitations of blindly adopting formal models for economic investigation and explanation in varied geographical contexts. As argued by institutional economists for the last hundred years the practice limits the value and relevance of most general economic inquiry. This model postulates that the geographical location of farmers along a given watercourse, in which water is diverted individually, leads to structural inefficiencies that negatively affect the whole farming community. These effects are felt more severely at downstream sites and lead to a status quo where upstream farmers possess relative economic and political advantages over their counterparts elsewhere. In the study of the Kat... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Water allocation; Physical externality; Kat River Valley. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47657 |
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| Gandhi, Vasant P.; Marsh, Robin. |
| The paper examines the impact of local institutions on development and poverty in the rural areas of India. Recent research on the role of institutions on the path of economic development indicates the importance of both "macro" and "micro" institutions including local institutions. The study finds a large number of both formal and informal local institutions in the surveyed villages, and a substantial degree of interaction of the households with the institutions. These include both formal institutions such as service cooperatives and dairy cooperatives, as well as informal institutions such as savings groups, community associations and labour groups. The study finds that apart from the standard factors included such as land, capital and labour, the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Development; Poverty reduction; International Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25928 |
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| Petrick, Martin. |
| This paper reviews three arguments why government should not directly finance public goods provision in the countryside: (1) sorting and voting of residents leads to efficient local public goods provision, (2) community governance may better cope with incomplete contracting in public goods, and (3) public provision drives out voluntary private provision of public goods. Theory and empirical evidence partly support these arguments. The adequate level of rural governance appears to be often below the European or national level, and policy should focus on the institutional premises of public goods provision rather than on centralized payments to public good providers. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural areas; Public goods; Institutions; Agricultural policy reform; Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14961 |
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| Percoco, Marco. |
| In recent years a growing body of literature has begun to consider the possible presence of path dependence in the development processes of countries. This phenomenon has always been recognized in regional and urban studies because the path of development almost naturally follows a history-dependent spatial diffusion influenced by both physical geography and the quality of institutions. In this paper, I consider the case of firm concentration in Italy and its impact on local development. A large and growing literature has argued in favour of persisting effects of past institutions on current outcomes. Hence, in order to identify the impact of firm density on income, I use instruments from the history of a set of Italian cities: namely the presence of a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Path dependence; Urban development; Geography; Institutions; Firm density; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; R12. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94792 |
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| Michaelowa, Axel; Schmitz, Simon. |
| The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173 |
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| Carvalho, Murilo Sicchieri de; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando. |
| This paper compares governance structures in the Brazilian citrus production that appeared with the process of international certification of organic products. Both governance structures, between organic orange production and the processing plant, are analyzed through a study case methodology. These two governance structures are different from the traditional dominant structures that were consolidated with the industrial oligopoly of frozen and concentrated orange juice production along the last thirty years in Brazil. The analyzed cases (onward integration and onward partial-integration) can be used as a reference for possible penetrations of alternative organizational forms in citrus production in an agro-industrial complex predominantly directed at... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Governance; Certification; Citrus; Integration; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90694 |
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| Gebreegziabher, Zenebe. |
| Land is an essential factor of production for agriculture, horticulture, forestry as well as other land related activities. Institutions that govern its use determine the sustainability and efficient use of this essential resource. In Ethiopia all land is publicly owned. Such an institutional setting has resulted in major degradation of Ethiopia’s land resources and dissipation of the resource rent, as available forest and grazing lands are exploited in a suboptimal fashion. An alternative to current institutional setting is to assign private property institution, but this will lead to welfare costs. In this paper, we examine the welfare effects (from consumer perspective) of change in institutional setting to forest and grazing lands using a unique data... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Sustainable land use; Economic welfare.; Environmental Economics and Policy; K11; Q12; Q2; Q28. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51639 |
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| Krumalova, Veronika; Backman, Stefan. |
| The protected landscape area of the White Carpathians in Czech Republic is confronted with several threats. The protection of the landscape involves instituted policies and restrictions on production. Due to the approaching EU accession and the possible subsequent institutional changes, there is an increased demand for knowledge on production opportunities and threats. In addition there are immediate concerns on the relation between agricultural production and the environment. One major concern is the abandonment of agricultural land. In this article the combination of production elements and protection is described. Factor analyses are used to identify groups of farms with similarities in production structure and organisation. The results of the factor... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Factor analysis; Landscape protection; Livestock production; Policies; Institutions; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18883 |
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| di Gregorio, Monica; Hagedorn, Konrad; Kirk, Michael; Korf, Benedikt; McCarthy, Nancy; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Swallow, Brent M.. |
| This paper presents a conceptual framework on how institutions of property rights and collective action can contribute to poverty reduction, including through external interventions and action by poor people themselves. The first part of the paper examines the initial conditions of poverty, highlighting the role of assets, risks and vulnerability, legal structures and power relations. The latter part investigates the decision-making dynamics of actors—both poor and non-poor—and how they can use the tangible and intangible resources they have to shape their livelihoods and the institutions that govern their lives. The paper concludes with a discussion of how attention to property rights and collective action can improve the understanding of outcomes in... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Property rights; Poverty reduction; Conceptual framework; Vulnerability; Power; Institutions; Wellbeing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44354 |
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| Rodgers, Charles; Hellegers, Petra J.G.J.. |
| The increasing demand for water and limited degree of cost recovery for irrigation water delivery are important challenges for policymakers in Indonesia. To meet the increasing demand for water, it is important to reduce water use in irrigated paddy cultivation, long the dominant consumptive user, and to divert water away from agriculture to domestic and industrial sectors. Reducing water use in irrigated agriculture can be achieved through various means, including rationing, improved user management, and water markets. The appropriate method depends on the situation specific to each basin. In the Brantas Basin in East Java, rationing is already practiced, but often leaves the non-licensed, (non-paying) irrigators with insufficient supplies. Moreover, very... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Water pricing; Cost recovery; Value of water; Irrigation--Economic aspects; Prices; Water--pricing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58586 |
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| Goldstein, Markus; Udry, Christopher R.. |
| We examine the impact of ambiguous and contested land rights on investment and productivity in agricultural in Akwapim, Ghana. We show that individuals who hold powerful positions in a local political hierarchy have more secure tenure rights, and that as a consequence they invest more in land fertility and have substantially higher output. The intensity of investments on different plots cultivated by a given individual correspond to that individual's security of tenure over those specific plots, and in turn to the individual's position in the political hierarchy relevant to those specific plots. We interpret these results in the context of a simple model of the political allocation of land rights in local matrilineages. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land tenure; Investment; Institutions; Land Economics/Use; O12; O13; O17; P48. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28479 |
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| Registros recuperados: 167 | |
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