SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Yamamoto, Yasutaka; Sawauchi, Daisuke; Masuda, Kiyotaka.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture? In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database. The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well. The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...

The Integration of Tomato Markets in Ghana with and without Direct Trade Flows

Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

Ihle, Rico; Amikuzuno, Joseph.

Spatial market equilibrium theory views trade flow as the driving force behind market integration. We assess spatial price transmission between domestic tomato markets in Ghana to ascertain whether spatial price transmission veritably depends on direct trade between markets, or whether other forces drive market integration. We analyze a unique data set on tomato trade consisting of semi-weekly price and trade flow data for the five most important Ghanaian markets for fresh tomato, which represents one of the most important commercially produced and consumed vegetables in the country. A regime-dependent vector error correction model is proposed to investigate this question, and the results are compared with those of a linear vector error correction model....

Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008

Palavras-chave: Keywords— spatial market integration; Regime-dependent vector error correction model; Information flow; Ghana; Tomato.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; JEL: C32; Q11; Q13; F14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51402

Orden, David; Blandford, David; Josling, Timothy E..

This paper focuses on the political economy of U.S. farm policy since the Uruguay Round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the WTO. The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the United States to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha Round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.

Arm's-Length Transactions as a Source of Incomplete Cross-Border Transmission: the Case of Autos

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; United States farm policies; Political economy of agricultural distortions; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; O13; P22.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50297

Hellerstein, Rebecca; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto.

A growing share of international trade occurs through intra-firm transactions, transactions between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of a multinational firm. The difficulties associated with writing and enforcing a vertical contract compound when a product must cross a national border, and may explain the high rate of multinational trade across such borders. We show that this common crossborder organization of the firm may have implications for the well-documented incomplete transmission of shocks across such borders. We present new evidence of a positive relationship between an industry's share of multinational trade and its rate of exchange-rate pass-through to prices. We then develop a structural econometric model with both manufacturers and retailers...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand

Palavras-chave: Cross-border transmission: Multinationals; Arm's-length transactions; Real exchange rates; Exchange-rate pass-through; Vertical contracts; Autos; International Relations/Trade; F14; F3; F4.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7196

Anderson, Kym; Lattimore, Ralph G.; Lloyd, Peter J.; MacLaren, Donald.

In 1990, Australia and New Zealand were ranked around 25th and 35th in terms of GNP per capita, having been the highest-income countries in the world one hundred years earlier. The poor performance over that long period contrasts markedly with that of the past 15 years, when these two economies out-performed most other high-income countries. This difference in growth performance is due to major economic policy reforms during the past two to three decades. We provide new evidence on the extent of governmental distortions to agricultural incentives in particular in the two economies since the late 1940s, both directly and indirectly (and negatively) via manufacturing protection.

New Zealand's Pastoral Exports: Can Small Countries Practise Pricing-to-Market?

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10407

Tantirigama, Mangalika; Lee, Minsoo; Sanyal, Amal.

Literature presumes that exporters from small countries and particularly of primary products do not practice pricing-to-market (PTM) because of lack of market power. Out paper examines New Zealand’s pastoral exports over 1988-2002 and finds strong evidence of PTM. Evidence rejects the hypothesis that New Zealand is a price taker in these markets. We find incomplete pass-through in sheep meat markets and more than complete pass-through in wool. The degree of PTM is more pronounced in meat and less, but significant, in will. Interesting co-movement in export pricing of New Zealand and Australia and a high degree of PTM are noted when the two counties together dominate a market. Generally we report a smaller PTM when there is a larger promotional...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Meat and wool exports; Pricing-to-market; Exchange rate pass through; New Zealand economy; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D43.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50010

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India and Other South Asia

Gulati, Ashok; Pursell, Garry.

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48634

Silva, Orlando Monteiro da; Drumond, Rafael Rodrigues; Almeida, Fernanda Maria de.

This study aimed to calculate the patterns of similarity and income content of Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports by means of indexes, and compare those patterns with those of OECD countries, covering a period between 2000 and 2009. The results indicate that Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports became more similar between 2000 and 2006, but that similarity has declined ever since. Exports from China and India, in turn, are increasingly similar to each other and less different from the exports of OECD countries. Export sophistication has increased over the years, with higher growth rates in China and India. India and Russia's sophistication indexes surpassed that of Brazil in 2007, which signal that those countries currently export...

The sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers

Palavras-chave: Exports; Brazil; Russia; China; India; Similarity; Income content; Agribusiness; F14.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115527

Raimondi, Valentina; Olper, Alessandro.

This study analyzes the sensitivity of trade flows to trade barriers from gravity equations, using different econometric techniques recently highlighted in the literature. Specifically, we compare a benchmark OLS fixed effects specification a la Feenstra (2002) with three emerging estimation methods: the standard Heckman correction for selection bias, to account for zero trade flows; the Eaton and Tamura (1994) Tobit estimator, to solve limited-dependent variable issues; and, finally, the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) technique, to correct for the presence of heteroskedasticity. Our gravity model includes trade among 193 exporter and 99 importer countries, in 18 food industry sectors. The paper achieves two goals: First it provides estimates of...

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context

Palavras-chave: Gravity model; Food Trade; Substitution elasticity; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; F1; F13; F14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50658

Abbott, Brant; Stennes, Brad; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ecuador

Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

Valenzuela, Ernesto; Wong, Sara; Sandri, Damiano.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Malaysia

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48394

Athukorala, Prema-chandra; Wai-Heng, Loke.

On the Green Side of Trade Competitiveness? Environmental Policies and Innovation in the EU

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48476

Valeria, Costantini; Mazzanti, Massimiliano.

This paper aims to explore how the competitiveness of the EU economy, here captured by export dynamics over the medium run (1996-2007), has been affected by environmental regulation both on the public and private sector side. The strong and weak versions of the Porter hypothesis are tested by specifying the export dynamics of five aggregated manufacturing sectors classified by their technological or environmental content using a dynamic panel data estimator applied to a theoretically-based gravity model. When testing the strong version on export performances of manufacturing sectors, the overall effect of environmental policies does not conflict with export competitiveness. When testing the weak version using export flows of environmental goods,...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in the United States and Canada

Palavras-chave: Environmental Policies; Porter Hypothesis; Technological Innovation; Export Performances; Gravity Model; European Union; Environmental Economics and Policy; F14; O14; Q43; Q56.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92910

Gardner, Bruce L..

User's Manual for the SADCC Cereals Trade Database Compiled by the University of Zimbabwe and Michigan State University

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48573

Constitutional Rules and Agricultural Policy Outcomes

Kingsbury, David S..

Two databases were constructed on trade of three staple grains (maize, wheat, and rice) for 1970-1985. The first database includes information on trade quantities by destination and source country. The second database covers estimates of total annual imports by country from six different data sources. The paper also identifies data sources, discusses problems constructing trade databases as well as problems specific to Southern Africa trade data.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Trade; Maize; Wheat; Rice; International Relations/Trade; Downloads December 2008-June 2009: 5; F14.

Ano: 1989

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54736

Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina.

This paper deals with the effect of constitutional rules on agricultural policy outcomes in a panel of observations for more than 70 developing and developed countries in the 1955-2005 period. Testable hypotheses are drawn from recent developments in the comparative politics literature that see political institutions as key elements in shaping public policies. Using differences-in-differences regressions we find a positive effect of a transition into democracy on agricultural protection. However, this average effect masks substantial heterogeneities across different forms of democracy. Indeed, what matters are transitions to proportional (as opposed to majoritarian) democracies, as well as to permanent (as opposed to temporary) democracies. Moreover, while...

Concentration and Specialisation Trends in Germany since Reunification

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Comparative Political Economics; Agricultural Distortions; Constitutional Rules; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; H23; O13; P16.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50304

Suedekum, Jens.

In this paper we describe the development of regional specialisation and geographical concentration in Germany between 1993 and 2001. Somewhat contrary to theoretical expectations derived from the recent literature in location theory, we neither find compelling evidence for a specialisation process of German regions, nor for a concentration process of industries. By and large and with some exceptions, this conclusion holds both for West Germany and Germany as a whole, as well as for all levels of territorial aggregation (NUTS1-NUTS3). Urban areas are stronger specialised than rural districts, but also subject to faster de-specialisation. Those regions, which have increased regional specialisation against the trend, have performed significantly better in...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in China and Southeast Asia

Palavras-chave: Regional Specialisation; Geographical Concentration; Economic Integration; Location Theory; Employment Growth; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; F14; F15; R12.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26294

Anderson, Kym; Martin, William J..

TRADE AND SKILLED-UNSKILLED WAGE GAP IN A MODEL WITH DIFFERENTIATED GOODS

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48574

Thierfelder, Karen; Robinson, Sherman.

There is a continuing debate about whether international trade is responsible for the observed skilled-unskilled wage gap. In this paper we present a general equilibrium trade model with differentiated goods. We begin with an analytical model and show how changes in relative factor returns can be decomposed into changes in commodity prices, changes in the trade balance, and changes in the factor endowment Then we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) trade model calibrated to the U.S. economy in 1982 to analyze the effects of these shocks, as well as technology changes, observed in the U.S. in the 1980's.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe’s Transition Economies

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; F11; F14; F15.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16280

Anderson, Kym; Swinnen, Johan F.M..