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| Registros recuperados: 588 | |
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| Meier-Ploeger, Angelika; Vogtmann, H.. |
| Der umfassende Vergleich (von biologischen und konventionellen Anbauverfahren für Weizen und Kartoffeln) in der Anwendung von Bioabfallkompost im Vergleich zur N, P, K-Düngung ergibt deutliche Vorteile für die Kompostanwendung am Beispiel einiger Hauptkulturen im Ackerbau bezüglich der Produktion klimarelevanter Gase. Dabei wurde die Einsammlung und Kompostierung der biogenen Abfallstoffe als separater Teil der Prozesskette „Abfallverwertung“ nicht in die Bewertung einbezogen. Eine Abschätzung der Erzeugung klimarelevanter Gase durch unterschiedliche Kompostierungsverfahren zeigt auf, daß bei einer Einbeziehung dieser Prozeßkette nur die offene Mietenkompostierung den Vorteil der Kompostdüngung weiterhin aufrecht erhält. |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/2254/1/handbuch%2Dkein%2DDokument.pdf |
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| Paull, John. |
| Organic food is produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Four further exclusions in organic production are: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), irradiation, prophylactic antibiotics, and engineered nanoparticles. These six exclusions differentiate organic agriculture from chemical agriculture. Agriculture and food harvesting and production date back millennia, and until about a century ago that history is de facto organic. The Industrial Revolution ushered in an era of novel production strategies. Agriculture was not immune to new views of industrialization and reductionism. Advances in chemistry enabled some implementation of such views. Early in the diffusion of chemical farming practices, the Austrian mystic Rudolf Steiner... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems Values; Standards and certification World History of organics. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/33285/1/Paull2018.EncyclopediaAgEthics.pdf |
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| David, C.; Abecassis, J.; Carcea, M.; Celette, F.; Friedel, J.K.; Hellou, G.; Hiltbrunner, J.; Messmer, M.; Narducci, V.; Peigné, J.; Samson, M.-F.; Schweinzer, A.; Thomsen, I.K.; Thommen, A.. |
| This chapter is a first attempt to analyse bottlenecks and challenges of European organic bread wheat sector involving technical, political and market issues. From 2000, the organic grain market has largely increased in Western Europe. To balance higher consumer demand there is a need to increase organic production by a new transition and technical improvement. Bread wheat is grown in a variety of crop rotations and farming systems where four basic organic crop production systems have been defined. Weeds and nitrogen deficiency are considered to be the most serious threat inducing lowest grain yield under organic production. The choice of cultivar, green manure, fertilization and intercropping legumes – grain or forage – are efficient ways to obtain high... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Crop husbandry Markets and trade. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26365/1/David_etal_2013_SAR.pdf |
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| Rueda-Ayala, Victor; Rasmussen, Jesper; Gerhards, Roland. |
| Side effects of herbicides and increasing prevalence of organic farming nduce the need of further developments in mechanical weed control. Mechanical weed control is mainly associated with cultivating tillage (e.g. tertiary tillage), but also primary and secondary tillage influence weeds. Cultivating tillage is performed in growing crops with harrows, hoes, brushes and a number of special tools for intra-row weed control. Inter-row cultivations have been used in many decades in row crops and perform in general well. To increase their capacity and accuracy, guidance systems are important to steer the hoes along the rows. The success of inter- and intra-row cultivation is highly influenced by selectivity factors. The control mechanisms of all cultivating... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage; Weed management. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17843/4/17843.pdf |
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| Andres, C.; Comoé, H.; Beerli, A.; Schneider, M.; Rist, S.; Jacobi, J.. |
| The growing demand for cocoa beans and products worldwide has been met by expanding the area under cocoa production while productivity per hectare has stagnated at a low level of around 450 kg/ha per year in the last decade. Throughout the tropics cocoa has increasingly been cultivated in full-sun monocultures in order to maximize short-term productivity and profitability, which has been associated with soil erosion and degradation, biodiversity loss, as well as increased susceptibility to climate change impacts and pests and diseases. Dynamic agroforestry systems are an alternative production method which has long been practiced in Latin American countries such as Bolivia. Through mimicking natural forests, these systems offer multiple benefits such as... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/29774/1/Andres_etal_2016_SustAgriRev_chapter3_p121-153.pdf |
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| Alrøe, Hugo Fjelsted; Byrne, John; Glover, Leigh. |
| Ecological justice is a challenging concept in relation to the current development of agriculture, because it positions social and ecological interests against market liberalism and economic growth. Ecological justice concerns fairness with regard to the common environment based on the idea that environments are fundamen-tally shared. This chapter investigates the role that ecological justice may have in relation to the global challenges of organic agriculture. We perform a philoso-phical analysis of the ethics of ecological justice and the relation to sustainability and globalization. On this basis, we discuss the challenges that this important concept poses to organic agriculture and how it can be put into organic practice. Organic agriculture is in an... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Food systems Values; Standards and certification. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/3877/1/3877.pdf |
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| Pfiffner, Lukas; Armengot, Laura. |
| Over the last century, the intensification of agriculture with high inputs of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers combined with monocrop specialisation has been detrimental to the diversity of genetic resources of crop varieties and livestock breeds, to the wild flora and fauna species and to the diversity of ecosystems. Higher levels of biodiversity can strengthen farming systems and its resilience under changing environmental conditions. This chapter gives an overview of the impact of organic farming on biodiversity. The chapter considers land-use intensity, the impact of organic farming on biodiversity, biodiversity at different spatial scales and the impact of organic farming on selected functional groups. Finally, the chapter discusses some examples... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34334/1/Book-%20Improving%20organic%20crop%20cultivation.pdf |
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| Fliessbach, Dr. Andreas; Mäder, Dr. Paul. |
| In a long-term field trial in which organic and conventional agricultural systems were compared since 1978 we analyzed soil microbial biomass, microbial activity and substrate utilization patterns by the Biolog GN microplates. Microbial biomass and the Cmic -to-Corg ratio was distinctly higher in organic plots whilst the metabolic quotient qCO2 as an indicator of the energy requirement of soil microorganisms was lower. Substrate utilization profiles were affected by the different lon-term treatments, but also indicated differences of short-term effects like crop and soil management steps. |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/305/1/Submeco_1997.pdf |
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| Hauschild, Rüdiger; Speiser, Bernhard; Tamm, Lucius. |
| The data requirements and the administrative procedure needed for the registration of biological plant protection products and their active ingredients (micro-organisms including viruses, plant extracts, and semiochemicals) are described for the European Union, the USA, Canada und Australia and compared between these systems. Experiences from registration procedures are compared. While data requirements and formalities are rather similar in all systems considered, the time span needed for evaluation and the possibility to predict this time span are quite different. Alternative regulatory measures existing in different regulatory systems are described and initiatives for the facilitation are presented. |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Regulation. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/18724/1/Hauschild_etal_2011_Regulation_requirements.pdf |
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| Kristiansen, P.; Merfield, C.. |
| The acquisition of food, textiles and other resources from plants and animals has been a major concern for human societies, from the earliest days as hunter-gathers, through pastoral and swidden phases, to agrarian societies, with an associated trend away from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles. Yet as agricultural production intensified and expanded, the negative effects on the underlying resource base have also increased. The history of environmental damage caused by agriculture is well documented; impacts include air pollution from greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide; land degradation as a result of clearing, cultivation of sloping land and salinity; water pollution from fertilisers, pesticides, overuse and wetland draining; and... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14043/1/14043.pdf |
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| Fließbach, Andreas; Mäder, Paul. |
| Pesticides applied to potatoes in Swiss integrated farming were evaluated with respect to their cumulative effects on soil microorganisms in a study performed under controlled conditions. Potatoes were treated with a series of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides and were finally defoliated either by hand in the untreated control or with the total herbicides Basta (active ingredient glufosinate) or Super Kabrol (active ingredient dinoseb). Twenty-one and 135 days after the last pesticide application soil samples were collected and analysed for microbial biomass, activity and community level substrate utilisation (CLSU). In the short-term, cumulative pesticide side-effects on microbial biomass and microbial activities averaged 19% for the spraying... |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/6506/1/Fliessbach%2D2004%2Dpotato%2Dpesticide.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 588 | |
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