SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Drew, Joshua A; Boston University Marine Program; jdrew@bu.edu; Henne, Adam P; Anthropology Department - University of Georgia; ahenne@uga.edu.

Conservation biology and environmental anthropology are disciplines that are both concerned with the identification and preservation of diversity, in one case biological and in the other cultural. Both conservation biology and the study of traditional ecoloigcal knowledge function at the nexus of the social and natural worlds, yet historically there have been major impediments to integrating the two. Here we identify linguistic, cultural, and epistemological barriers between the two disciplines. We argue that the two disciplines are uniquely positioned to inform each other and to provide critical insights and new perspectives on the way these sciences are practiced. We conclude by synthesizing common themes found in conservation success stories, and by...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Anthropology; Conservation; Critical analysis; Multidisciplinary research..

Ano: 2006

Unpacking “Participation” in the Adaptive Management of Social–ecological Systems: a Critical Review

Stringer, Lindsay C; University of Manchester; Lindsay.stringer@manchester.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J; University of Leeds; adougill@env.leeds.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan; University of Leeds; evan@env.leeds.ac.uk; Hubacek, Klaus; University of Leeds; hubacek@env.leeds.ac.uk; Prell, Christina; University of Sheffield; c.prell@sheffield.ac.uk; Reed, Mark S; University of Leeds; mreed@env.leeds.ac.uk.

Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more democratic through the involvement of different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study research in...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Democratic governance; Participation; Stakeholder involvement.

Ano: 2006

Viability and Risk Assessment in Species Restoration: Planning Reintroductions for the Wild Boar, a Potential Disease Reservoir

Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; Thulke, Hans-Hermann; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research; hans.thulke@ufz.de.

The reintroduction of large mammals is often considered a priority conservation action in highly industrialized countries in which many of these species have been depleted. However, species reintroduction after decades of absence may involve important risks for human activities and ecological communities, such as favoring the spread of diseases. An example of a potentially troublesome reintroduction is the wild boar, which may act as a reservoir of diseases, e.g., classical swine fever, and cause high economic losses, and has become a species of concern in several European countries for both ecological and recreational reasons. Failure to prevent the disease consequences of species restoration can negate its conservation benefits. Here we evaluated the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Conservation; Introduced species; Risk assessment; Rule-based habitat models; Spatially explicit population models; Species reintroduction; Sus scrofa; Wildlife diseases.

Ano: 2006

Shorter Fallow Cycles Affect the Availability of Noncrop Plant Resources in a Shifting Cultivation System

Dalle, Sarah Paule; Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University; sarah.dalle@mail.mcgill.ca; de Blois, Sylvie; Department of Plant Science and McGill School of Environment, McGill University; sylvie.deblois@mcgill.ca.

Shifting cultivation systems, one of the most widely distributed forms of agriculture in the tropics, provide not only crops of cultural significance, but also medicinal, edible, ritual, fuel, and forage resources, which contribute to the livelihoods, health, and cultural identity of local people. In many regions across the globe, shifting cultivation systems are undergoing important changes, one of the most pervasive being a shortening of the fallow cycle. Although there has been much attention drawn to declines in crop yields in conjunction with reductions in fallow times, little if any research has focused on the dynamics of noncrop plant resources. In this paper, we use a data set of 26 fields of the same age, i.e., ~1.5 yr, but differing in the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Agricultural intensification; Ethnobotany; Fuelwood; Land-use change; Mexico; Milpa; Quintana Roo; Resource scarcity; Slash-and-burn; Swidden agriculture; Tropical succession; Wild plant resources; Yucatec Maya..

Ano: 2006

Integrating Ecosystem Management, Protected Areas, and Mammal Conservation in the Brazilian Amazon

Azevedo-Ramos, Claudia; IPAM-Amazon Institute of Environmental Research; c.azevedoramos@terra.com.br; do Amaral, Benedito Domingues; IPAM-Amazon Institute of Environmental Research; beneditoamaral@ipam.org.br; Nepstad, Daniel C.; The Woods Hole Research Center; dnepstad@whrc.org; Soares Filho, Britaldo; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; britaldo@csr.ufmg.br; Nasi, Robert; Center of International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Brazilian Amazon; Distribution ranges; Mammal species; Protected areas..

Ano: 2006

From LTER to LTSER: Conceptualizing the Socioeconomic Dimension of Long-term Socioecological Research

Haberl, Helmut; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; Helmut.Haberl@uni-klu.ac.at; Winiwarter, Verena; Dept. of Cultural Analysis, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; verena.winiwarter@univie.ac.at; Andersson, Krister; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; kanderss@indiana.edu; Ayres, Robert U.; INSEAD, Fountainebleau and IIASA, Laxenburg; Robert.AYRES@insead.edu; Boone, Christopher; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Global Institute of Sustainability,; Christopher.G.Boone@asu.edu; Castillo, Alicia; Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexic; castillo@oikos.unam.mx; Cunfer, Geoff; Department of History, University of Saskatchewan; geoff.cunfer@usask.ca; Fischer-Kowalski, Marina; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Klagenfurt University; marina.fischer-kowalski@uni-klu.ac.at; Freudenburg, William R.; Environmental Studies Programme, University of California, Santa Barbara; freudenburg@es.ucsb.edu; Furman, Eeva; Finnish Environment Institute, SYKE; Eeva.Furman@ymparisto.fi; Krausmann, Fridolin; Institute of Social Ecology, IFF Vienna, Austria; fridolin.krausmann@uni-klu.ac.at; Mirtl, Michael; Federal Environment Agency Austria; michael.mirtl@umweltbundesamt.at; Redman, Charles L.; International Institute for Sustainability, Arizona State University; charles.redman@asu.edu; Reenberg, Anette; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Wardell, Andrew; Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Warr, Benjamin; INSEAD, Fountainebleau; benjamin.warr@free.fr; Zechmeister, Harald; Vienna Ecology Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna; harald.zechmeister@univie.ac.at.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Communication; Governance; Land use; Long-term ecological research (LTER); Long-term socioecological research (LTSER); Scale; Society-nature interaction; Socioecological metabolism; Socioecological systems..

Ano: 2006

Contracts or Scripts? A Critical Review of the Application of Institutional Theories to the Study of Environmental Change

Hotimsky, Samy; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; s.hotimsky@uea.ac.uk; Cobb, Richard; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; d.cobb@uea.ac.uk; Bond, Alan; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; alan.bond@uea.ac.uk.

The impact of new institutionalism on the study of human environment interactions has been meaningful. Institutional perspectives have further shaped and modified the field problems of common pool resources, environmental hazards, and risk and environmental management. Given the relative potential of institutional theories to increase the comprehension of the various dimensions of human–environmental interactions, it has become increasingly important to attempt to consolidate different interpretations of what institutions are, and how they mediate and constrain possibilities for more successful environmental outcomes. This article focuses primarily on contending ontological perspectives on institutions and institutional change. It argues that...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight

Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Environmental change; Institutions; Ontology.

Ano: 2006

Efficient Conservation in a Utility-Maximization Framework

Davis, Frank W; University of California; fd@bren.ucsb.edu; Costello, Christopher; University of California; costello@bren.ucsb.edu; Stoms, David; University of California; stoms@bren.ucsb.edu.

Systematic planning for biodiversity conservation is being conducted at scales ranging from global to national to regional. The prevailing planning paradigm is to identify the minimum land allocations needed to reach specified conservation targets or maximize the amount of conservation accomplished under an area or budget constraint. We propose a more general formulation for setting conservation priorities that involves goal setting, assessing the current conservation system, developing a scenario of future biodiversity given the current conservation system, and allocating available conservation funds to alter that scenario so as to maximize future biodiversity. Under this new formulation for setting conservation priorities, the value of a site depends on...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Sierra Nevada; California; Conservation; Cost-effectiveness; Irreplaceability; Planning; Retention; Scenario.

Ano: 2006

Is Corruption Bad for Environmental Sustainability? A Cross-National Analysis.

Morse, Stephen; University of Reading; s.morse@reading.ac.uk.

This paper explores the hypothesis that higher levels of corruption are detrimental to environmental sustainability. It does this by employing the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) and its component variables and indicators as promoted by the World Economic Forum and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) created by Transparency International (TI). Both the CPI and ESI were shown to be statistically significantly related to income (proxied as GDP/capita) such that environmental sustainability declined with decreasing income while corruption worsened. The ESI for 2002 was also divided into indicators representing pressure, state, impact and response (i.e., the PSIR framework), and each of these were regressed onto a ‘residual CPI’...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Corruption Perception Index; Environmental Sustainability Index..

Ano: 2006

Understanding the Risk to Neotropical Migrant Bird Species of Multiple Human-Caused Stressors: Elucidating Processes Behind the Patterns.

Hames, Ralph S.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; rsh5@cornell.edu; Lowe, James D.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; jdl6@cornell.edu; Swarthout, Sara Barker; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; sb65@cornell.edu; Rosenberg, Kenneth V.; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; kvr2@cornell.edu.

Ubiquitous human-caused changes to the environment act as multiple stressors for organisms in the wild, and the effects of these stressors may be synergistic, rather than merely additive, with unexpected results. However, understanding how focal organisms respond to these stressors is crucial for conservation planning for these species. We propose a paradigm that alternates extensive, broadscale data collection by volunteer collaborators to document patterns of response, with intensive fine-scale studies by professional researchers, to elucidate the processes underlying these patterns. We demonstrate this technique, building on our existing work linking patterns of population declines in the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) to synergistic effects of acid...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Multiple scales; Synergistic effects; Citizen science; Habitat fragmentation; Acid rain; Forests; Anthropogenic change; Soil; Calcium; Invertebrates.

Ano: 2006

Rebrote basal de Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco en estado de plántula: mecanismo de persistencia en el Chaco Árido

Barchuk,Alicia; Iglesias,María del Rosario; Oviedo,Carolina.

La estrategia de rebrote contribuye fuertemente a la supervivencia de especies leñosas bajo condiciones de estrés y disturbios. En este trabajo se evaluó el impacto de la remoción de la biomasa aérea sobre la capacidad rebrotar desde el hipocótilo y el cuello de la raíz de plántulas de A. quebracho-blanco. En invernáculo, sobre plántulas de 9 meses de edad, fueron aplicados dos tratamientos: remoción total (por debajo del nudo cotiledonal y sin yemas axilares) y parcial de la biomasa aérea (por encima del nudo cotiledonal, con yemas axilares y presencia de cotiledones). A campo, en un bosque de A. quebracho blanco del Chaco Árido, se aplicó sobre plántulas de 2 años, la remoción total de la biomasa por debajo del nudo cotiledonal. En ambos experimentos se...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000200010

Palavras-chave: Banco de plántulas; Nicho de persistencia; Supervivencia; Rebrote; Nudo cotiledonar.

Ano: 2006

Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de especies leñosas del Chaco Árido sometidas a remoción de la biomasa aérea

Barchuk,Alicia H; Campos,Elena B; Oviedo,Carolina; Díaz,María Del Pilar.

La capacidad de rebrote es una característica común en especies leñosas que forman banco de plántulas que asegura la supervivencia ante la pérdida eventual de la biomasa aérea. Analizamos el efecto de la remoción total de la biomasa aérea sobre la supervivencia y el crecimiento de las plántulas de 14 especies leñosas del Chaco Árido con el objetivo de evaluar su aptitud para formar banco de plántulas. Las especies seleccionadas difieren en su persistencia foliar (caducifolias y perennifolias) y filiación filogenética (leguminosas y no leguminosas). Semillas de las 14 especies fueron sembradas en invernadero y a las 12 semanas se practicó la remoción de la parte aérea en un subgrupo de las plántulas emergidas. Se midieron la tasa de emergencia, la...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000100005

Palavras-chave: Regeneración; Rebrote; Banco de plántulas; Esclerófilas; Decíduas; Fabaceae; No- Fabaceae; Simulación de herbivoría.

Ano: 2006

Energy density of freshwater Patagonian organisms

Ciancio,Javier; Pascual,Miguel.

We assessed by using a bomb calorimeter the energy density of the main species of Patagonian freshwater ecosystems, including fish, crustaceans, gastropods, oligochaetes, and insects. Fish (5048-5789 Cal/g) were the most energy density group, followed by insects (5062- 5232), crustaceans (3364-3994), oligochaetes (3471) and gastropods (1143). These data consist on the first direct energy density estimations of freshwater species and are intended as a baseline information for modelling the energy fluxes in Patagonian freshwater ecosystems.

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Bomb calorimeter; Bioenergetic model.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000100009

Caracterización de la vegetación en la Reserva de Biósfera Laguna Blanca (Catamarca, Argentina)

Borgnia,Mariela; Maggi,Alejandro; Arriaga,Mirta; Aued,Betina; Vilá,Bibiana L; Cassini,Marcelo H.

En este trabajo presentamos la primera caracterización y clasificación con imágenes de los ambientes y la vegetación en un área típica de la Puna seca argentina, correspondiente a la Reserva de Biósfera Laguna Blanca (Catamarca, Argentina). Se realizó un relevamiento florístico del lugar identificando 75 especies. Se describieron y se mapearon seis tipos de ambientes utilizando técnicas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica: estepas arbustivas, estepas graminosas, estepas mixtas, vegas, salinas y peladares. Dentro de las estepas arbustivas se reconocieron tres tipos, dependiendo de la especie de arbusto dominante: rica-rical (Acantholippia sp.), tolillar alto (Fabiana densa) y tolillar bajo (Fabiana spp.). Dentro de las estepas graminosas, se reconocieron...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000100004

Palavras-chave: Puna; Áreas protegidas; Relevamiento florístico; Mapa temático; SIG; Biodiversidad; Manejo de recursos.

Ano: 2006

Invasión de coníferas forestales en áreas de estepa y bosques de ciprés de la cordillera en la Región Andino Patagónica

Sarasola,Mauro M; Rusch,Verónica E; Schlichter,Tomás M; Ghersa,Claudio M.

La implantación de masas forestales con fines productivos se realiza con un conjunto reducido de especies de las que se conoce su manejo silvícola e industrial. Por tal motivo se las introduce en áreas distintas a las de su origen. Potencialmente, estas introducciones pueden desencadenar procesos de invasión de los sistemas naturales o seminaturales contiguos a las plantaciones. En la región andino patagónica, la actividad forestal con especies introducidas es aún incipiente, tanto por la superficie forestada como por la edad de las plantaciones más importantes. Se estima la superficie implantada en aproximadamente 70000 hectáreas, con una tendencia creciente en el ritmo de forestación en la última década. La especie más plantada es el Pinus ponderosa Doug...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000200006

Palavras-chave: Invasiones; Pino ponderosa; Pino oregón; Pino murrayana; Estepa; Bosque de ciprés; Patagonia.

Ano: 2006

Dinámica del paisaje para el período 1980-2004 en la cuenca costera del Lago Budi, Chile: Consideraciones para la conservación de sus humedales

Peña-Cortés,Fernando; Rebolledo,Gonzalo; Hermosilla,Katherine; Hauenstein,Enrique; Bertrán,Carlos; Schlatter,Roberto; Tapia,Jaime.

Se analizó la dinámica del paisaje por medio de la variación en las superficies de distintos usos y coberturas de suelo y su tasa de cambio, utilizando mapas categóricos elaborados de la fotointerpretación de imágenes de vuelos de los años 1980, 1994 y 2004, donde se identificaron ocho tipologías en el paisaje. A su vez se evaluó la variación en los patrones del paisaje aplicando 21 métricas relacionadas a la tipología y superficie, bordes, formas, diversidad, agregación y yuxtaposición, como indicadores de la dinámica y evolución del paisaje. Se observó un aumento significativo en la superficie de humedales ribereños (3039.7 ha en 1980 a 4384.8 ha en 2004), una disminución en la superficie del espejo de agua y un aumento de las plantaciones forestales a...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000200009

Palavras-chave: Paisaje; Patrones del paisaje; Planificación ecológica; Conservación de humedales; Cambio de uso.

Ano: 2006

La Revista Ecología Austral como producto de la ecología argentina actual

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000200001

Cassini,Marcelo H..

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Ano: 2006

Does the global microbiota consist of a few cosmopolitan species?

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000100008

Logares,Ramiro E.

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Ano: 2006

Perspectivas teóricas sobre la dinámica de la mixomatosis con aplicaciones en control biológico

Aparicio,Juan P; Solari,Hernán G; Bonino,Never A.

La mixomatosis es una enfermedad altamente mortal del conejo europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus) producida por el virus myxoma, transmitida por mosquitos y pulgas, y utilizada como control biológico en algunos países como Australia. Poblaciones exóticas de conejos constituyen plagas que generan gran perjuicio económico en diversas partes del mundo incluyendo la Argentina. En este trabajo presentamos modelos para la dinámica y la dispersión de la mixomatosis en poblaciones silvestres de O. cuniculus. Utilizando un modelo espacialmente explícito estudiamos la dispersión de la enfermedad. Las velocidades de dispersión obtenidas son del orden de magnitud de las observadas en el campo para el caso de Gran Bretaña, pero subestima las observaciones realizadas en...

URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2006000100003

Palavras-chave: Coevolución; Dispersión de infección; Modelos espacialmente explícitos; Modelos matemáticos; Oryctolagus cuniculus.

Ano: 2006

Banco de semillas de un pastizal uruguayo bajo diferentes condiciones de pastoreo

Haretche,Federico; Rodríguez,Claudia.

Se estudió el banco de semillas persistente de un pastizal uruguayo bajo diferentes condiciones de pastoreo: un área bajo pastoreo continuo y otra clausurada al ganado durante 9 años. También se comparó la composición de la vegetación con la del banco de semillas, usando datos disponibles sobre la frecuencia relativa de las especies de la vegetación de ambas áreas. Para cuantificar las semillas del suelo se utilizó el método de emergencia de plántulas, las cuales fueron clasificadas en cuatro grupos funcionales definidos para la vegetación establecida: gramíneas invernales, gramíneas estivales, graminoides (juncáceas y ciperáceas) y dicotiledóneas. En la parcela pastoreada, la densidad del banco de semillas fue significativamente mayor y predominaron las...