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| Registros recuperados: 10.106 | |
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| Abrams, Jesse B; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; jabrams@uoregon.edu; Knapp, Melanie; U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation; previous: Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; knapp@udall.gov; Paveglio, Travis B; Department Of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho; tpaveglio@uidaho.edu; Ellison, Autumn; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; autumne@uoregon.edu; Moseley, Cassandra; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University; maxnp@pdx.edu; Carroll, Matthew S; School of the Environment, Washington State University; carroll@wsu.edu. |
| Prompted by a series of increasingly destructive, expensive, and highly visible wildfire crises in human communities across the globe, a robust body of scholarship has emerged to theorize, conceptualize, and measure community-level resilience to wildfires. To date, however, insufficient consideration has been given to wildfire resilience as a process of adaptive governance mediated by institutions at multiple scales. Here we explore the possibilities for addressing this gap through an analysis of wildfire resilience among wildland-urban interface communities in the western region of the United States. We re-engage important but overlooked components of social-ecological system resilience by situating rural communities within their state- to national-level... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Disaster resilience; Institutions; Learning; Scale-matching; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| van Vliet, Nathalie; Center for International Forestry Research; vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com; Jonhson Neves de Aquino, Lindon; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; lj.aquino@bol.com.br; Schor, Tatiana; Geography Department, Federal University of Amazonas; NEPECAB; tatiana.schor@gmail.com; Hernandez, Sara; Independent Expert in Environmental Economics; sarah-hernandez-p@hotmail.com; Nasi, Robert; Center for International Forestry Research; r.nasi@cgiar.org. |
| Recent studies have intended to quantify urban consumption and trade in Amazonian towns. However, little is still known about the different ways in which bushmeat is made available in urban areas, including commercial and noncommercial flows, and how those flows contribute to link forests to urban livelihoods. In this study we qualitatively describe the structure and functioning of bushmeat flows in terms of species, catchment area, stakeholders involved, and the motivations for their activity in the main towns of the Amazon trifrontier region between Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. We show that bushmeat trade to urban areas exists under an organized but invisible commodity chain providing a source of income to about 195 persons. Bushmeat is made available... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Amazon; Bushmeat; Exchange networks; Indigenous people; Trade; Urban areas. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Ewing, Patrick M; University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics ; ewing069@umn.edu; Runck, Bryan C; University of Minnesota, Department of Geography, Environment and Society; runck014@umn.edu. |
| The importance of corn production to the midwestern United States cannot be overestimated. However, high production requires high nitrogen fertilization, which carries costs to environmental services such as water quality. Therefore, a trade-off exists between the production of corn yield and water quality. We used the Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for Shallow depths and Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize models to investigate the nature of this trade-off while testing the Simple Analytic Framework trade-offs featured in this Special Feature. First, we estimated the current levels of yield and water quality production in northeastern Iowa and southern Minnesota at the 1-square-kilometer, county, and regional scales. We then constructed an... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Agroecology; Corn belt; DSSAT; Fertilization rate; Frontier analysis; Groundwater nitrate; GWAVA-S; Land use; Nitrogen; Rotation; Row crops; Simple Analytics Framework; Yield. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| A vast literature is now available on ecosystem services (ES), their potential as a tool for analyzing intertwined processes of ecological and social change, and their monetary valuation. Much less is known about the social value of different ES for different social actors (SA), and their links with specific components of biodiversity. We unpack the social aspects of an interdisciplinary and multi-SA methodology that allows us to assess how different SA perceive and value different ES, and how they associate them with different components of biodiversity, ecological attributes, and ecosystem types. We apply the methodology to a study area in the Gran Chaco region of South America, presenting original social-ecological information from the field. Being... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Chaco region; Ecosystem services; Interdisciplinary research; Land use change; Multifunctional landscapes; Nature’ S benefits to people; Social value of biodiversity. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Diniz, Fabio H.; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazil; fabio.homero@embrapa.br; Kok, Kasper; Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kasper.Kok@wur.nl; Hoogstra-Klein, Marjanke A.; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Marjanke.Hoogstra@wur.nl; Arts, Bas; Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; bas.arts@wur.nl. |
| Deforestation is a widely recognized problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Small farmers play a key role in this process in that they earn their livelihood by ranching and farming. Many studies have addressed the link between deforestation and livelihood strategies adopted by small farmers. Most have focused on advanced monitoring systems, simulation models, and GIS approaches to analyze the interaction of both dimensions, i.e., livelihoods and forest cover change. Although the current toolbox of methods has proved successful in increasing our understanding of these interactions, the models and approaches employed do not consider small farmers’ perspectives. On the assumption that local small farmers are agents of land-cover change, understanding how... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Deforestation; Fuzzy cognitive maps; Mental model; Pará ; Scenarios. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Lockwood, Michael; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Michael.Lockwood@utas.edu.au; Raymond, Christopher M.; Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania; Centre for Regulation and Market Analysis and Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia; Enviroconnect; chris.raymond@enviroconnect.com.au; Oczkowski, Eddie; School of Accounting and Finance, Charles Sturt University; eoczkowski@csu.edu.au; Morrison, Mark; School of Management and Marketing, Charles Sturt University; mmorrison@csu.edu.au. |
| Although previous studies have examined adaptive capacity using a range of self-assessment procedures, no objective self-report approaches have been used to identify the dimensions of adaptive capacity and their relative importance. We examine the content, structure, and relative importance of dimensions of adaptive capacity as perceived by rural landholders in an agricultural landscape in South-Eastern Australia. Our findings indicate that the most important dimensions influencing perceived landholder adaptive capacity are related to their management style, particularly their change orientation. Other important dimensions are individual financial capacity, labor availability, and the capacity of communities and local networks to support... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Psychometric scales; Rural landholders; Structural equation modelling. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Spencer, Andrew G; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; agordonspencer@gmail.com; Schultz, Courtney A; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; courtney.schultz@colostate.edu; Hoffman, Chad M; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; c.hoffman@colostate.edu. |
| Prescribed fire is a critical tool for promoting restoration and increasing resilience in fire-adapted ecosystems, but there are barriers to its use, including a shortage of personnel with adequate ecological knowledge and operational expertise to implement prescribed fire across multijurisdictional landscapes. In the United States, recognized needs for both professional development and increased use of fire are not being met, often because of institutional limitations. The Fire Learning Network has been characterized as a multiscalar, collaborative network that works to enhance the adaptive capacity of fire management institutions, and this network developed the Prescribed Fire Training Exchanges (TREXs) to address persistent challenges in increasing the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Ecological restoration; Fire Learning Network; Fire management; Prescribed fire; Resilience; Workforce capacity. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| van Buuren, Arwin; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; vanbuuren@fsw.eur.nl; Keessen, Andrea M.; Utrecht Centre for Water Oceans and Sustainability Law, Utrecht University; a.m.keessen@uu.nl; van Leeuwen, Corniel; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; leeuwen@fsw.eur.nl; Eshuis, Jasper; Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University Rotterdam; eshuis@fsw.eur.nl; Ellen, Gerald Jan; Urban Water and Subsurface Management, Deltares; geraldjan.ellen@deltares.nl. |
| Adaptation to climate change is a rapidly emerging policy domain. Over the last decade we have witnessed many attempts to enhance the climate robustness of agriculture, urban development, water systems, and nature to an increase in flood and drought risks due to a higher variability in rainfall patterns and sea level rise. In the vulnerable Dutch delta, regional authorities have developed adaptation measures that deal with flood risk, the availability of fresh water, subsidence, and salt water intrusion. In view of all the uncertainties that surround climate change, scientists emphasize that it should be possible to make changes when conditions change or insights evolve. The concept of adaptive governance has been introduced to facilitate the process of... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Climate adaptation; Flexible arrangements; Governance; Implementation. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Fath, Brian D; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University; bfath@towson.edu; Dean, Carly A; Advanced Systems Analysis, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis; carly.ann.dean@gmail.com; Katzmair, Harald; FAS.research; harald.katzmair@fas.at. |
| The concept of resilience continues to crescendo since the 1990s, touching on multiple fields with multiple interpretations and uses. Here, we start from its origins in systems ecology, framing the resilience concept explicitly in the adaptive cycle with the observation that resilient systems are ones that successfully navigate all stages of growth, development, collapse, and reorientation of this cycle. The model is explored in terms of the traps and pathologies that hinder this successful navigation, particularly when applied to socioeconomic organizations and decision-management situations. For example, for continuous function over the adaptive life cycle, a system needs activation energy or resources to grow, followed by adequate structure and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Collapse; Development; Growth; Re-orientation; Resilience; Succession; Thresholds. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Anderson, William F. A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; banderso@unb.ca; MacLean, David A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; macleand@unb.ca. |
| In a 15-year case study, we used the multiple streams approach (MSA) and the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine a controversial industry-led proposal for increased harvest of Crown forests in New Brunswick, Canada, in an adversarial policy subsystem. Study participants were queried on their perceptions of policy problems and reasons for community attention, the relationship between science and policy, and whether policy decisions were consistent with scientific understanding. Thematic analysis was used to examine interview data for evidence of Kingdon’s MSA and Sabatier’s ACF. During public hearings of a Legislative Select Committee on Wood Supply, two competing policy alternatives emerged. The first, put forward by the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Crown forests; Forest management; Forest policy; Government agenda; Jaakko Pö Yry report; Policy; Policy-oriented learning; Policy windows. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Webster, D.G.; Dartmouth College; D.G.Webster@Dartmouth.Edu. |
| There is a growing consensus that environmental governance is a wicked problem that requires understanding of the many linkages and feedbacks between human and natural systems. Here, I propose an action cycle/structural context (AC/SC) framework that is based on the concept of responsive governance, in which individuals and decision makers respond to problems rather than working to prevent them. By linking agency and structure, the AC/SC framework points out two key problems in the realm of environmental governance: the profit disconnect, whereby economic signals of environmental harm are dampened by endogenous or exogenous forces, and the power disconnect, whereby those who feel the costs of harm are politically marginalized and so have little influence... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Complexity; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Social-ecological systems. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Schleicher, Judith; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, S Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; schleicher.judith@gmail.com; Hymas, Olivier; Human Ecology Research Group, Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, UK; ohymas@onetel.com; Coad, Lauren; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, UK; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; lauren.coad@ouce.ox.ac.uk. |
| Addressing today’s environmental challenges is intimately linked to understanding and improving natural resource governance institutions. As a result conservation initiatives are increasingly realizing the importance of integrating local perspectives of land tenure arrangements, natural resource rights, and local beliefs into conservation approaches. However, current work has not sufficiently considered the dynamic nature of natural resource governance institutions over time and the potential implications for current conservation interventions. We therefore explored how and why hunting governance has changed since the precolonial period in two ethnic hunting communities in Gabon, Central Africa, integrating various ethnographic methods with... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article |
Palavras-chave: Bushmeat; Gabon; Historical ecology; Hunting; Natural resource governance. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Wright Morton, Lois; Department of Sociology, Iowa State University; lwmorton@iastate.edu; Eigenbrode, Sanford D; Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho; sanforde@uidaho.edu; Martin, Timothy A; University of Florida; tamartin@ufl.edu. |
| Collaborations to address complex societal problems associated with managing human-natural systems often require large teams comprised of scientists from multiple disciplines. For many such problems, large-scale, transdisciplinary projects whose members include scientists, stakeholders, and other professionals are necessary. The success of very large, transdisciplinary projects can be facilitated by attending to the diversity of types of collaboration that inevitably occur within them. As projects progress and evolve, the resulting dynamic collaborative heterogeneity within them constitutes architectures of adaptive integration (AAI). Management that acknowledges this dynamic and fosters and promotes awareness of it within a project can better facilitate... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Architectures of adaptive integration; Collaborative science; Team science. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Baggio, Jacopo A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, Arizona State University; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University; jbaggio@asu.edu; Rollins, Nathan D.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; nathan.rollins@asu.edu; Janssen, Marco A.; Center for Behavior, Institutions and the Environment, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu. |
| Research on collective action and common-pool resources is extensive. However, little work has concentrated on the effect of variability in resource availability and collective action, especially in the context of asymmetric access to resources. Earlier works have demonstrated that environmental variability often leads to a reduction of collective action in the governance of shared resources. Here we assess how environmental variability may impact collective action. We performed a behavioral experiment involving an irrigation dilemma. In this dilemma participants invested first into a public fund that generated water resources for the group, which were subsequently appropriated by one participant at a time from head end to tail end. The amount of resource... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Asymmetry; Common-pool resources; Feedbacks; Laboratory experiments; Trust; Variability. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Barnett, Jon; School of Geography, University of Melbourne; jbarn@unimelb.edu.au; Evans, Louisa S; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University; louisa.evans@exeter.ac.uk; Gross, Catherine; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University; catherine.gross@anu.edu.au; Kiem, Anthony S; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle; anthony.kiem@newcastle.edu.au; Kingsford, Richard T.; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales; richard.kingsford@unsw.edu.au; Palutikof, Jean P.; National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Griffith University; j.palutikof@griffith.edu.au; Pickering, Catherine M; School of Environment, Griffith University; c.pickering@griffith.edu.au; Smithers, Scott G; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University; scott.smithers@jcu.edu.au. |
| Research on the barriers and limits to climate change adaptation identifies many factors, but describes few processes whereby adaptation is constrained or may indeed fail to avoid catastrophic losses. It often assumes that barriers are by and large distinct from limits to adaptation. We respond to recent calls for comparative studies that are able to further knowledge about the underlying drivers of barriers and limits to adaptation. We compare six cases from across Australia, including those in alpine areas, rivers, reefs, wetlands, small inland communities, and islands, with the aim of identifying common underlying drivers of barriers and limits to adaptation. We find that the path-dependent nature of the institutions that govern natural resources and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Communities; Cultures; Ecosystems; Markets; Path dependence; Transformation; Values. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Levin, Phillip S; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; phil.levin@noaa.gov; Williams, Gregory D; Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; greg.williams@noaa.gov; Rehr, Amanda; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; pearlgrl@gmail.com; Norman, Karma C; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center; karma.norman@noaa.gov; Harvey, Chris J; National Marine Fisheries Service; Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov. |
| The development of targets is foundational in conservation. Although progress has been made in setting targets, the diverse linkages among ecological and social components make target setting for coupled social-ecological systems extremely challenging. Developing integrated social-ecological targets is difficult because it forces policy makers to consider how management actions propagate throughout social-ecological systems, and because ultimately it is society, not scientists, that defines targets. We developed an interdisciplinary approach for identifying management targets and illustrate this approach using an example motivated by Puget Sound, USA. Our approach blends ecological modeling with empirical social science to articulate trade-offs and reveal... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Conservation target; Ecosystem assessment; Scenario analysis; Social norm analysis. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Registros recuperados: 10.106 | |
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