SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sakurai, Seiichi; Yokoyama, Shigeki.

This study investigates the effect of community factors on the development and diversification of rural Japan. Diversification is a matter of concern in rural communities as a means of revitalizing regional socio-economies. To establish new diversified activities, cooperation between rural residents is essential. Social capital (SC) is an important community factor that facilitates collective community action. The area analyzed in this study is the Awa area, where various kinds of agro-related activities have emerged, including rural-urban exchanges and agro-tourism. Traditional customs are also preserved in the area. We conducted both community and household-level surveys to collect data and investigate the general characteristics of the study area....

Spatial networks in multi-region computable general equilibrium models

Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; M2; O18; Q13; Q26; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25550

Lofgren, Hans; Robinson, Sherman.

"January 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).

Factors Influencing the Temporal Diffusion of Broadband Adoption: Evidence from Oklahoma

Palavras-chave: Equilibrium (Economics); Economic policy; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Computable general equilibrium (CGE); General Equilibrium; Spatial Network; Multi-Region Modeling; Transportation Costs; Trade Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C68; D58; R13; O18.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97555

Whitacre, Brian E..

This paper examines the shifting influence of household characteristics and telecommunications infrastructure on the residential broadband adoption decision for Oklahoma residents between 2003 and 2006. In particular, the spread of wired telecommunications infrastructure (namely cable Internet and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)) is examined, along with the effect that this diffusion has had on broadband access rates. The data indicates that the gap in broadband access rates between rural and urban areas has remained relatively constant over this period despite increased levels of cable and DSL throughout the state. In addition, an inter-temporal decomposition shows that the increasing levels of infrastructure are not the dominant cause of higher broadband...

Lessons of best practice in rural development: is there a pan-European consensus?

Palavras-chave: Broadband; Internet; Temporal Diffusion; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; O18; C1.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6934

Hubbard, Carmen; Gorton, Matthew.

This paper analyses expert attitudes to managing rural development in both established (EU15) and New Member States (NMS). It draws on case studies of five regions in the EU15 that have undergone, at least in some respects, successful rural development post-accession. Lessons of best practice were identified from interviews and supporting documentation, and verified / refined using a policy Delphi exercise. The results highlight the importance of creating appropriate national and regional structures to implement EU funded projects, capacity building, decentralisation, social capital and networking, and the role of “institutional memory”.

Integration Effects in Border Regions - A Survey of Economic Theory and Empirical Studies

Palavras-chave: Rural development; EU; Policy Delphi; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; P25; R58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94906

Niebuhr, Annekatrin; Stiller, Silvia.

Border regions and border effects currently attract a lot of attention in political practice and economic research. Substantial interest in regions located along the frontiers of integrating countries is predominantly inspired by the presumption that their specific geographic position might cause peculiarities in economic adjustments to integration. This survey explores whether economic theory and empirical studies support the assessment that integration effects concentrate in border regions. Economic theory alone allows only very vague conclusions about the spatial effects of integration. Depending on specific circumstances, border regions might benefit, lose or not be affected by integration. Empirical research on border regions - undertaken so far -...

Mapping Serbia: more targeted rural areas for better policies

Palavras-chave: Regional development; Border regions; Integration effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; R12; F15; O18.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26340

Monasterolo, Irene; Coppola, Nicola.

The analysis of the experiences of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEs) in transition, which became EU members in the historical 2004 (and 2007) enlargement, evidences the importance of timing and targeting policy intervention for a balanced growth (Monasterolo et. al, 2008). In fact, even if the Countries, till the last financial and economic crisis, showed a clear path of convergence (EC, 2008; EC, 2009) with EU average levels of development thanks to a sustained growth in GDP, at the same time they had to face a notable increase in regional inequality (Brasili, 2005), mainly driven by the persisting backwardness of agricultural and rural areas. The European pre-accession funds had limited effect in preventing the spread in internal divergence...

Credit Constraint and Non-separable Behavior of Rural Households — Evidence from China

Palavras-chave: Mapping rural areas; Policy targeting; RD policy evaluation; EU enlargement; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; P25; R58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94737

Zhao, Jianmei; Zhang, Jun.

This article addresses the separability issue in the context of Chinese rural households. Deviating from previous research, our test on separability is embedded in the capital market imperfections and from the perspective of farm living consumption and their production inputs. Our theoretical framework incorporates the credit constraint and predicts both separability and non-separability behavior from rural households. Empirical estimation presents the evidence of non-separability behavior for credit constrained farm families, while independent decisions on farm living consumption and their production inputs exist among unconstrained households. Our overall results reject the separability for financially constraint farm households in China.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Non-separable behavior; Switching regression; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q14; O18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123950

Monitoring Poverty without Consumption Data: an Application Using the Albania Panel Survey

Azzarri, Carlo; Carletto, Calogero; Davis, Benjamin; Zezza, Alberto.

In developing countries poverty is generally measured with expenditure data. Such data are difficult and costly to obtain and it is generally recommended to collect them every 3-5 years. In between surveys, however, there is a clear need to provide policymakers with information for the monitoring of poverty trends. The paper reviews several such methods and compares the poverty estimates and trends resulting from their application to a panel dataset for Albania. The results are broadly consistent across methods and point to an overall improvement in welfare conditions over time, although the magnitude of the changes differs by locale, with urban areas showing a larger improvement than their rural counterparts. However, given the sensitivity of the...

The role of rural off-farm employment in agricultural development among farm households in low-income countries: Evidence from Zimbabwe

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Welfare; Asset index; Poverty measurement; Poverty monitoring.; Food Security and Poverty; O12; O18; O47; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23809

Is There a Link between the Changing Skills of Labor Used in U.S. Processed Food Trade and Rural Employment?

Chikwama, Cornilius.

This study examines the widely held view that earnings from rural wage employment can help farm households overcome constraints on farm investments. It uses a panel dataset of 359 randomly selected farm households from three resettlement areas in Zimbabwe over the period 1996/97 to 1998/99. It finds no evidence to support the hypothesis that income from rural wage employment contributes towards increasing farm investment for the sampled households, and it attributes this to very low savings rates on rural wage employment income. Further, it finds that levels of farm investment increase with the amount of labor and land used in farm production in the previous year, and for households with male and/or older household heads. It also finds an inverse relation...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural off-farm wage employment; Farm investment; Agricultural development; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; O12; O18; J40; R20.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93874

Schluter, Gerald E.; Lee, Chinkook.

Between the 1970s and the 1990s, processed food exports switched from using more skilled labor per unit of output than imports to the opposite. Processed food trade also expanded during this period. More meat and poultry products in processed food trade could explain this switch in skill intensity. Growing meat trade paralleled an urban-to-rural shift in meat processing. Although this could have been a win-win situation for rural areas, many of the jobs related to expanded meat trade benefited commuter and migrant workers because late-1990s jobs slaughtering livestock and processing meat did not appeal to domestic rural workers.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Consolidation in the meat industry; Factor content of trade; Input-output analysis; International meat trade; Processed food trade; Rural development; Rural labor demand; Skill intensity; C67; D24; F14; F16; J61; L66; O18; Q17; R15.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43465

Gender Needs Awareness and Gender Asymmetry: An Analysis of a Rural Women Survey in Mountainous Areas of South-eastern Spain

Calatrava-Requena, Javier; Samir, Sayadi.

Achieving gender symmetry in rural areas is an important target for the European Union. There is no shortage of talent, ideas and energy amongst women in rural areas, nor are there legal constraints. However, a range of cultural obstacles still stand in the way of their full participation in rural development (the persistence of traditional views about women's and men's roles in society, etc.) particularly in the Mediterranean areas. The integration of equal opportunities will no longer be a choice, but it will be an obligation in the design and implementation of rural development programmes and projects. Some European initiatives (NOW, EQUAL, LEADER, etc.) have already been taken to improve rural women's opportunities to participate more actively in...

Freer International Trade and the Consequences for EU rural areas

Palavras-chave: Gender needs; Rural development; Gender asymmetry; Southeastern Spain; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; O18; Q01; R13.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24646

SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELING OF AGRICULTURAL YIELD MONITOR DATA

Bureau, Jean-Christophe.

General equilibrium models estimated by various authors and institutions show that, although trade liberalization leads to aggregate welfare gains, there are winners and losers when it comes to the distribution. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent rural regions have won or lost in the trade opening process that has been underway since the 1990s. The economic literature on international trade and regional development suggests the presence of opposing forces, making the global impact of international trade liberalization on rural areas ambiguous. Using a series of empirical studies, in particular the DREAM model (CEPII), the author assesses the impact of trade opening on the European Regions, observing a significant proportion of losers...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; European Rural regions; Rural development policies; International Relations/Trade; O18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7995

Nistor, Adela P.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Lowenberg-DeBoer, James; Brown, Jason P..

Replaced with revised version of paper 03/06/08.

Household resources, household composition, and child nutritional outcomes

Palavras-chave: Corn; Drainage; Precision agriculture; Spatial panel model; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O18; Q18; R15; R38; R58.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6717

Cameron, Michael P.; Lim, Steven.

In many developing countries the composition of rural households is influenced by the migration of adult household members to urban locations in search of employment. Children may be left in the care of their mother alone, or in the care of grandparents when both parents have migrated. Using representative data from rural Northeast Thailand, this paper investigates whether household composition has any effect on the nutritional outcomes of children. Our findings suggest that household types other than nuclear families result in some significantly worse child nutritional outcomes. One implication is that governments should target programs to protect the welfare of the children of migrants in origin communities.

Risk and De-Collectivisation: Evidence from the Czech Republic

Palavras-chave: Migration; Household composition; Children; Thailand; Consumer/Household Economics; I12; O15; O18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10371

Bezemer, Dirk J..

The replacement of wage-labour farms by family farms in Central and Eastern Europe during the transformation has been more limited than was initially expected. In this paper a formal framework is developed in order to analyse the behaviour of family farms and socialist-style farms in the presence of risk, given the typical post-socialist environment. Management incentives, ownership structure, lump-sum transfers and consumption choices are shown to have the potential to limit the size of family farms relative to socialist-style farms. The hypotheses are tested with survey data collected by the author in the Czech Republic.

Rural development in the EU

Palavras-chave: Transition; Agriculture; Structural change; Risk; Survey data; Risk and Uncertainty; D21; D81; O18; Q12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24888

The Entrepreneur's Choice of Location: Evidence from the Life Sciences

Buckwell, Allan.

This article analyses the evolution of European rural regional economies and the Community's public regional policies, with a view to drawing lessons for other areas of the world, especially Latin America. After presenting relative size data for the EU regions based on population, territory, employment and income, the article analyses the key economic and social trends in these areas, together with the underlying explanatory factors. The main conclusion is that the economic development of the rural regions of the EU is much more due to the overall national economic development issues, than to rural development policies. Therefore, the way to achieve rural development is by means of a good overall economic development policy, and national policies are more...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Economic development of rural areas; Overall economic development; EU rural development policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7988

Kolympiris, Christos; Klein, Peter G.; Kalaitzandonakes, Nicholas G..

Why do biotech firms cluster? New and established firms in biotech clusters are said to capitalize on knowledge spillovers, labor-market pooling, and other externalities. Some have even argued that such spillovers are so strong that the cluster itself, rather than the individual, is the locus of entrepreneurship. Such arguments, however, do not resolve the mechanism by which clusters might contribute to the establishment of new firms. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing the locational choices of entrepreneurial firms in the life-sciences industry. Building on both the cluster literature and the literature on entrepreneurship, we develop hypotheses about how cluster characteristics, the entrepreneurs personal characteristics, and...

Harnessing the Forces of Urban Expansion - The Public Economics of Farmland Development Allowance

Palavras-chave: Entrepreneurship; Biotechnology; Clusters; Knowledge spillovers; Agglomeration economies; Industrial Organization; L26; L65; O18; O32.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9761

Chau, Nancy H.; Zhang, Weiwen.

For decades, rapid urban expansion has led to concerns over the loss of cultivated land in rural China. This contrasts sharply with another salient feature of the Chinese land policy reform landscape that has gone on largely unnoticed - the addition of newly cultivated land in China through land development has consistently exceeded land conversion. In a model featuring fiscal decentralization, local governments as custodians of land use and development, along with a land development allowance policy instituted in 1998, we show that a land development allowance policy can harness the forces of urban expansion to encourage agricultural land development.

Toward a Territorial Approach to Rural Development

Palavras-chave: Land development allowance; Fiscal decentralization; Inter-jurisdictional competition; Agricultural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H11; H77; P35; R5; R14; O18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99416

de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth.

This paper explores a territorial approach to rural development in Latin America. It first reviews evidence that progress in rural social development has not been accompanied by reductions in income poverty and inequality. It then assesses qualitative changes that have occurred in rural incomes and the emergence of new opportunities for rural poverty reduction and draws implications for the potential of a territorial approach to rural development. Recent experiences with territorial approaches are briefly reviewed and lessons extracted for the implementation of such an approach. It concludes with a series of recommendations for implementation of a territorial approach to rural development.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Rural development; Rural poverty; Territorial approach; Inequality; Latin America; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O15; O18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112593

Die Osterweiterung aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive - Prognosen regionalokonomischer Theorien und Erfahrungen aus der bisherigen Integration in Europa

Lammers, Konrad.

Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union eröffnen sich für die Beitrittskandidatenländer gute Möglichkeiten, wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten aus Westeuropa und anderswo zu attrahieren und im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen aufzuholen. Der Aufholprozess der Beitrittsländer wird jedoch von zunehmender regionaler Divergenz in diesen Ländern begleitet sein. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf den Erfahrungen bei früheren Integrationsprozessen in Europa, insbesondere bei der Süderweiterung, und der ökonomischen Entwicklung in den Kohäsionsländern. Die bisherige Entwicklung der Beitrittskandidatenländer, die im Hinblick auf Handels- und Direktinvestitionsverflechtungen bereits in hohem Maße mit Westeuropa verflochten sind, bestätigen diese Einschätzungen. In the course of...