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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Liu, Jing; Arndt, Channing; Hertel, Thomas W.. |
| Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used for quantitative analysis of global economic issues. However, CGE models are frequently criticized for resting on weak empirical foundations. This paper builds on recent work in macro-econometric estimation, developing an approach to parameter estimation for a widely employed global CGE model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model. An approximate likelihood function is developed and the set of optimum elasticity values is obtained by maximizing this approximate likelihood function in the context of a back casting exercise. In addition, two statistical tests are performed. The first of these tests compares the standard GTAP elasticity vector with the estimated trade elasticity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28687 |
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| Uaiene, Rafael N.; Arndt, Channing. |
| This article provides estimates of farm household efficiency and its determinants among smallholder farmers in Mozambique. A translog stochastic frontier production function and a first difference model incorporating a model of farm household inefficiency effects are applied to test the existence of agricultural farm household inefficiencies and their determinants in Mozambique. The null hypothesis of equal farm household efficiency among households was rejected. Variation in farm household efficiency indicates that access to agricultural technology is a severe constraint for most farm households. Factors such as access to advisory services, access to rural credit, membership to an agricultural association, use of improved agricultural technology... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier analysis; Farm production efficiency; Productivity Analysis; C12; C13. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51438 |
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| Arndt, Channing; Wobst, Peter. |
| We analyze the implications of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Tanzania for labor markets and human capital accumulation. Three analyses are undertaken. First, we examine the 2000/01 Labor Force Survey and compare it with the 1990/91 Labor Force Survey. Since these two surveys encompass a period where accumulated AIDS deaths increased dramatically, their comparison provides an opportunity to make inferences about the impact of HIV/AIDS over that period. Second, we study rates of human capital accumulation, proxied by educational attainment, for the period 1991 to 2000. While the most obvious impact of HIV/AIDS on human capital comes about through the deaths of skilled people, this might not be the greatest concern in terms of long run economic impact. In poor... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16288 |
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| Simler, Kenneth R.; Arndt, Channing. |
| The objective of measuring poverty is usually to make comparisons over time or between two or more groups. Comm on statistical inference methods are used to determine whether an apparent difference in measured poverty is statistically significant. Studies of relative poverty have long recognized that when the poverty line is calculated from sample survey data, both the variance of the poverty line and the variance of the welfare metric contribute to the variance of the poverty estimate. In contrast, studies using absolute poverty lines have ignored the poverty line variance, even when the poverty lines are estimated from sample survey data. Including the poverty line variance could either reduce or increase the precision of poverty estimates, depending on... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty measurement; Bootstrap; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; I32; C13; 012. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25775 |
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| Arndt, Channing; Jensen, Henning Tarp; Robinson, Sherman; Tarp, Finn. |
| "July 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). Published as Arndt, Channing, Jensen, Henning Tarp, Robinson, Sherman, Tarp, Finn. 2000. Marketing margins and agricultural technology in Mozambique. Journal of Development Studies 37(1): 121-137. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Rice -- Prices -- Models; Agricultural development; Marketing; Technology; Mozambique; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97537 |
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| Tarp, Finn; Jensen, Henning Tarp; Arndt, Channing; Robinson, Sherman; Herlberg, Rasmus. |
| This study responds to some of Mozambique's basic development challenges and provides qualitative and quantitative insights for policymaking from an economywide perspective. The report highlights the importance of agricultural development showing agriculture's large sectoral multiplier effects and that applying scarce capital to agriculture is generally more effective than applying it to industry and services. A novel CGE model is developed and used in a series of analyses focused on the impact and design of economic policy. Issues addressed are aid dependency, biases in price incentives facing the agriculture sector, improvement in agricultural technology and marketing margins, risk-reducing behavior and gender roles in agricultural production, and food... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16541 |
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| Langyintuo, Augustine S.; Lowenberg-DeBoer, James; Arndt, Channing. |
| Member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are expected to form a West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) by 2004 whereby member countries would use a common currency in an attempt to promote regional integration. Evidence suggests that reduction in transaction cost as a result of a decrease or complete elimination of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and a decrease in real interest rates in response to elimination of exchange rate differentials positively influence trade. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of (a) a 7% real interest rate on capital and (b) zero NTBs within ECOWAS countries on cowpea trade in West and Central Africa in order to provide a measure of the potential impacts of a common monetary policy. The... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22236 |
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| Simler, Kenneth R.; Arndt, Channing. |
| The objective of measuring poverty is usually to make comparisons over time or between two or more groups. Common statistical inference methods are used to determine whether an apparent difference in measured poverty is statistically significant. Studies of relative poverty have long recognized that when the poverty line is calculated from sample survey data, both the variance of the poverty line and the variance of the welfare metric contribute to the variance of the poverty estimate. In contrast, studies using absolute poverty lines have ignored the poverty line variance, even when the poverty lines are estimated from sample survey data. Including the poverty line variance could either reduce or increase the precision of poverty estimates, depending on... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Poverty measurement; Bootstrap; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55894 |
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| Arndt, Channing. |
| As in other countries in the southern Africa region, a human development catastrophe is unfolding in Mozambique. Recently released data estimate HIV prevalence rates amongst the adult population in the year 2000 at around 12% with substantial regional variation. Due to the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, it has become a top priority development issue in the southern Africa region, including Mozambique. The goal of this paper is to try to come to grips with the economic dimension. In this initial assessment, focus is on the implications for macroeconomic prospects. A dynamic computable general equilibrium approach is employed to quantify impacts on key macroeconomic variables and identify the major channels through which these impacts occur. Particular... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16315 |
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| Arndt, Channing. |
| Economists recognize that results from simulation models are dependent, sometimes highly dependent, on values employed for critical exogenous variables. To account for this, analysts sometimes conduct sensitivity analysis with respect to key exogenous variables. This paper presents a practical approach for conducting systematic sensitivity analysis, called Gaussian quadrature. The approach views key exogenous variables as random variables with associated distributions. It produces estimates of means and standard deviations of model results while requiring a limited number of solves of the model. Under mild conditions, all of which hold with respect to the GTAP model, there is strong reason to believe that the estimates of means and standard... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28709 |
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| Arndt, Channing; Dorosh, Paul A.; Fontana, Marzia; Zohir, Sajjad; El-Said, Moataz; Lungren, Christen. |
| For the past two decades, Bangladesh has enjoyed steady growth in per capita incomes enabling a significant reduction in poverty. An increase in rice productivity, achieved through a combination of improved seeds, increased fertilizer use, and public and private investments in irrigation, played a major role in the increase in incomes. Among the other major factors were a large expansion in textile exports, made possible by changes in world demand, Bangladesh trade liberalization, and macro-economic stability; and increases in workers. remittances. In order to accelerate or even maintain income growth rates and poverty reduction, future policies must be carefully designed to capture the benefits and minimize the risks of international trade and a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16294 |
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| Arndt, Channing; Simler, Kenneth R.. |
| The “Cost of Basic Needs” (CBN) approach to drawing consumption-based poverty lines is widely applied and lays credible claim to being the best practice for estimating poverty measures. Unfortunately, a growing mass of evidence indicates that poverty estimates obtained under the CBN approach are often demonstrably utility inconsistent. Here, we introduce an information theoretic approach for estimating utility-consistent poverty lines. An example of the approach is provided for the case of Mozambique. The approach represents a powerful addition to the poverty analyst’s tool kit and enhances the attractiveness of the CBN approach for practical poverty measurement problems. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Poverty lines; Entropy estimation; Revealed preferences; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59591 |
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| Arndt, Channing. |
| Price responsiveness of herbicide demand in corn for farmers in Indiana's White River Basin using cross-section data from individual farms is estimated. Particular attention is paid to appropriate treatment of binding nonnegativity constraints. Estimation was first attempted using an approach to demand systems estimation suggested by Lee and Pitt. However, analytical and computational difficulties effectively preclude estimation by the Lee and Pitt approach. As an alternative, a maximum entropy (ME) approach is presented and discussed. Results from the ME estimator tentatively indicate limited response of herbicide demand to changes in own prices. The maximum entropy approach to demand systems estimation appears to have merit and warrants further attention. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30866 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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