SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Blandford, David; Boisvert, Richard N..

The concept of multifunctionality, in which agriculture is viewed as a source of both commodity and non-commodity outputs, has stimulated debate on the desirability of further trade liberalization. We explore the economics of multifunctionality and its policy implications. We argue for a new policy approach in which land and natural resource managers are remunerated for positive non-commodity outputs and penalized for negative outputs. This would require devolution in policy implementation from the centre to the local level. Such an approach would permit countries to achieve broader social objectives, while at the same time continuing to pursue trade liberalization.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic policy; Multifunctionality; Trade policy; WTO; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23910

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Assessing the Benefits of Trade Liberalization

Abbott, Philip C.; Johnston, Brian G.; Blandford, David; Kilkenny, Maureen; Bochniarz, Henryka; Magiera, Stephen L.; Dixit, Praveen M.; McGregor, Robert M.; Frohberg, Klaus; Robinson, Sherman; Hickenbotham, Terry L.; Roningen, Vernon O.; House, Robert M..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1988

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49873

THE CURRENT WTO AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS: OPTIONS FOR PROGRESS; SYNTHESIS

Dixit, Praveen M.; Josling, Timothy E.; Blandford, David.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14623

Facilitating Farm-Level Adjustment to the Reform of Trade and Agricultural Policies

Hill, Berkeley; Blandford, David.

This document was prepared by David Blandford, Penn State University and Berkeley Hill, London University. It is based on results from a research project funded by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture entitled "Policy Reform and Agricultural Adjustment" under a Cooperative Agreement with the Pennsylvania State University (No. 43-3AEK-3-80047). Additional funding was provided by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC). Under the project, there was an international workshop at Imperial College, London in October 2003 and an IATRC symposium in Philadelphia in June 2004. The studies that are used as the basis of this paper are contained in an edited volume to be published by CABI Publishing (Blandford...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14572

GLOBALIZATION AND NORTHEAST AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF THE UPCOMING ROUND OF WORLD TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

THE IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES, STORAGE, AND EXCHANGE RATES ON EXPORTS OF CANADIAN FRESH CARROTS TO THE UNITED STATES

The signing of the Uruguay Round agreement on agriculture (URAA) in 1994 was a significant step towards the liberalization of world agricultural trade. A new round of negotiations on agriculture is scheduled to begin under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the end of 1999. This paper discusses the likely agenda of those negotiations and their implications for agriculture in the northeastern United States.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31288

Bierlen, Ralph W.; Blandford, David.

Canadian exports of fresh carrots to the United States have increased substantially in recent years. The depreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar has been a major factor. Canadian government subsidies also may have had an impact by accelerating the construction of cold storage facilities. These have permitted the marketing period to be extended. However, an analysis of costs and returns suggests that cold storage of carrots is commercially profitable. Storage capacity would probably have increased without government aid. The returns to storage and the change in exchange rates are the primary factors contributing to the expansion of Canadian exports.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1987

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28976

Overview of Adjustment Policies in Industrialized Countries

Arguments for adjustment policies center on efficiency, equity and political economy considerations. The principal types of policies, targeted to individuals, firms or communities, are reviewed. A number of general issues relating to adjustment policies are identified.

Activity level, emission intensity, and optimal GHG abatement policy: An application to Norwegian agriculture

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15754

Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar; Vardal, Erling.

Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically...

THE UPCOMING ROUND OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: POSSIBLE US OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108780

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23682

U.S. Sugar Policy Options and Their Consequences under NAFTA and Doha

The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries. RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

Abler, David G.; Beghin, John C.; Blandford, David; Elobeid, Amani E..

We analyze the potential impact of continuing the existing U.S. sugar program, replacing it with a standard program, and implementing the standard program with multilateral trade liberalization. Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), duty-free sugar imports from Mexico will undermine the programs ability to operate on a "no-cost" basis to U.S. taxpayers. As the Mexican beverage industry is likely to expand considerably its high-fructose corn syrup use, the sugar thereby displaced will seek a market in the United States. Under these conditions, marketing allotments could not be utilized under current legislation and prices would likely fall to the loan rate. The government would accumulate significant sugar stocks. The replacement of the...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Doha; NAFTA; Policy; Sugar; U.S. sugar program; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18510

Taxation Concessions As Instruments Of Agricultural Policy

Hill, Berkeley; Blandford, David.

Economists have rarely considered the implications of taxation systems for the agricultural sector. Management specialists and accountants have usually approached the issue from the perspective of how farmers and landowners can avoid it. Little has been written on the extent to which the special treatments that agriculture commonly receives in national tax systems impact on the sector and its performance. This paper considers these broader issues and builds on an inventory of tax treatments compiled for the OECD by one of the authors. Tax concessions can act as forms of support to incomes and wealth accumulation, though the identification and quantification of this support present fundamental conceptual difficulties and practical problems. Taxes are often...

Are Disciplines Required on Domestic Support?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7976

The Impact of Feedstock Supply and Petroleum Price Variability on Domestic Biofuel and Feedstock Markets – The Case of the United States

The impact of domestic support on trade is likely to become an increasingly important issue in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. Domestic support expenditures are increasing and existing disciplines on forms and levels of support are weak. While a shift from market price support to output subsidies should be less trade distorting, such support may not be minimally distorting as required under the so-called green-box criteria. Proposals submitted by WTO members could further expand permissible support measures and weaken disciplines on their use. In some cases, most notably support provided in pursuit of environmental objectives, there may be a contradiction between the aims of support measures and the requirement that these should be minimally trade...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic support; Green box; WTO; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23857

Yano, Yuki; Blandford, David; Surry, Yves R..

The promotion of biofuel use in preference to traditional petroleum-based transportation fuel has linked agricultural commodity markets and energy markets more closely together. Biofuel policies can involve multiple policy instruments, but studies examining their effects on biofuel feedstock and energy markets are scarce. In addition, the impact of alternative policy approaches in the context of variability in petroleum prices and the supply of biofuel feedstock has received limited attention. Focusing on the current situation in the United States, in which prohibitively high duties prevent imports of ethanol, this paper examines how variability in the price of petroleum and corn supply affects domestic market variability under three types of domestic...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Subsidies; Mandates; Variability; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58486

Do Current U.S. Ethanol Policies Make Sense?

Yano, Yuki; Blandford, David; Surry, Yves R..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Q48; Q42; Q27; Q28.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93686

Copenhagen meets Doha: Greenhouse gas emission reduction and trade liberalization in Norwegian agriculture

Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar; Vardal, Erling.

As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to...

Implicit Tariffs on Imported Dairy Product Components in the United States

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91729

Tellioglu, Isin; Bailey, Kenneth W.; Blandford, David.

The majority of the dairy products imported by the United States are intermediate products used in food processing. As such, they are demanded for their components such as milk fat and protein. The implications of the U.S. tariff structure for import demand must be viewed in terms of the tariff's effects upon the relative prices of imported milk components. In this article we examine the implications of the current tariff structure and proposed changes under the Doha Round of international trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization. We show that implicit ad valorem equivalent tariffs (AVEs) on components vary substantially under the current tariff schedule. Proposed changes under the Doha Round would lead to not only a reduction in the level of...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Dairy; Doha Round; Milk components; Tariff structure; United States; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9240

Bringing Agriculture into the GATT: Designing Acceptable Agricultural Policies

Barichello, Richard R.; Harvey, David R.; Barkley, Paul W.; Offutt, Susan E.; Blandford, David; Sutton, John; de Gorter, Harry; Webb, Alan J.; Gardner, Bruce L.; Webb, Shu-Eng.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1988

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49871

Achieving Environmental Objectives Under Reduced Domestic Agricultural Support and Trade Liberalization: An Empirical Application to Taiwan

Chang, Hung-Hao; Boisvert, Richard N.; Blandford, David.

We focus on rice policy reform required for Taiwan's admission to the WTO, and examine the effects, theoretically and empirically, of the re-instrumentation of domestic policy needed to achieve environmental objectives when both positive and negative environmental externalities exist. Policies that treat non-commodity attributes in agriculture as secondary to existing aims, such as income support, are unlikely to result in the desired supplies of environmental goods. Those supplies can be achieved at lower government and social costs using policy instruments to achieve environmental goals directly. Results are relatively insensitive to the social values assigned to environmental goods.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: WTO policy reform; Multifunctionality; Agri-environmental policy; Rice policy; Agricultural trade policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10201

Animal Welfare