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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (42) Autor Burtraw, Dallas (42) Palmer, Karen L. (21) Krupnick, Alan J. (9) Bharvirkar, Ranjit (6) Paul, Anthony (5) Shih, Jhih-Shyang (3) Austin, David H. (2) Bloyd, Cary (2) Bohi, Douglas R. (2) Evans, David A. (2) Kahn, Danny (2) Lile, Ronald D. (2) Mansur, Erin T. (2) Pizer, William A. (2) Toman, Michael (2) Ahman, Markus (1) Banzhaf, H. Spencer (1) Cannon, Matthew (1) Carlson, Curtis (1) Cropper, Maureen L. (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Environmental Economics and Policy (34) Electricity (18) Q25 (17) Q4 (17) Air pollution (16) Q2 (15) L94 (14) Carbon dioxide (10) Nitrogen oxides (10) Sulfur dioxide (10) Climate change (7) Emissions trading (7) Particulates (7) Acid rain (6) Cost-effectiveness (6) L51 (6) Q28 (6) Q48 (6) Resource /Energy Economics and Policy (6) Auction (5) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (40) Conference Paper or Presentation (1) Journal Article (1) Ano 2010 (1) 2006 (1) 2005 (9) 2003 (2) 2002 (3) 2001 (6) 2000 (4) 1999 (3) 1998 (4) 1997 (3) 1996 (5) 1995 (1) Mais... País United States (42) Idioma Inglês (42)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 42 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última The Benefits of Air Pollutant Emissions Reductions in Maryland: Results from the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model AgEcon Austin, David H.; Krupnick, Alan J.; Burtraw, Dallas; Stoessell, Terrell. This paper reports the results of policy simulations of environmental and human health externalities arising from the production of electricity. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the Maryland Externalities Screening and Valuation Model, developed for the State of Maryland's Department of Natural Resources. A secondary purpose is to estimate likely Maryland benefits from Title IV emissions reductions at electric power generation facilities. Sources and scope of benefits, and the potential of policy to achieve specific environmental and human health goals, are suggested by the results. We find that expected health benefits from reductions in power plant emissions dominate the estimated benefits of improved recreational visibility and... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Integrated assessment; Health and environmental benefits; Valuation; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; I81; Q24; Q25; Q26; Q49. Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10825 Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Kahn, Danny. Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders.... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650 Investment in Electricity Transmission and Ancillary Environmental Benefits AgEcon Bloyd, Cary; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Burtraw, Dallas. Planning of the electricity transmission system generally focuses on the pros and cons of providing generation close to the source of the power demand versus remote generation linked via the transmission system. Recent electricity supply problems in the western United States have renewed interest in the role of transmission in assuring the reliability of electricity supply. Recently, the Western Governors' Association led the development of a planning exercise that examined the tradeoffs over the next 10 years between locating new natural gas powered generation close to the load centers versus new coal, wind, hydro, and geothermal generation in remote areas. Although the analysis concentrated on the direct system costs, the choice of new generation will... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Transmission; Air pollution; Ancillary benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q41. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10519 Restructuring and the Cost of Reducing NOx Emissions in Electricity Generation AgEcon Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. We look at the effects of restructuring on three issues: (a) economic surplus and environmental quality, (b) the cost of NOx control policies and who bears the costs, and (c) the cost-effectiveness of a seasonal and an annual NOx cap in the SIP Call region. We find that without the NOx cap, nationwide restructuring leads to higher NOx and carbon emissions from the electricity sector. Adding either a seasonal or an annual NOx cap-and-trade regime in the eastern United States mitigates the increase in NOx emissions but has a much smaller effect on carbon emissions. The out-of-pocket compliance cost associated with achieving a seasonal or an annual NOx cap is moderately higher with nationwide restructuring than without, but the changes in economic surplus are... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Restructuring; Deregulation; Competition; Emissions trading; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Cost effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10549 The Environmental Impacts of Electricity Restructuring: Looking Back and Looking Forward AgEcon Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. In the mid-1990s, when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was preparing to release Order 888 requiring open access to the transmission grid, the commission, environmental groups, and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others, raised the question of how open access and greater competition in wholesale electricity markets might affect the environment. If open access worked as expected, underutilized older coal-fired generators in the Midwest and elsewhere might find new markets for their power, leading to associated increases in air pollution emissions. Restructuring also might lead to retirements of inefficient nuclear facilities, whose generation would be replaced by fossil generation, further increasing emissions. On the other hand, some... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Electric utilities; Regulation; Competition; Environment; Air pollution; Natural gas; Coal; Nuclear; Renewables; Customer choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; L94; L98. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10656 Cost Savings, Market Performance, and Economic Benefits of the U.S. Acid Rain Program AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas. This paper reports on four areas of research concerning Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that regulates emissions of SO2 from electricity generation. The first is the costs of the program over the long-run as estimated from the current perspective taking into account recent changes in fuel markets and technology. We compare projected costs with potential cost savings that can be attributable to formal trading of emission allowances. The second area is an evaluation of how well allowance trading has worked to date. The third area is the relationship between compliance costs and economic costs from a general equilibrium perspective. The fourth area is a comparison of benefits and costs for the program. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Benefit-cost analysis; Air pollution; Permit trading; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10885 The Second-Best Use of Social Cost Estimates AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.. A significant literature has developed to estimate the damages to third parties from new electricity generation technologies. This paper focuses on how such estimates can be profitably used in the present regulatory environment, and in the potential new environment that may result from restructuring in the electricity industry. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electricity; Environment; Social costs; Adders; Externalities; Demand and Price Analysis; H23; L94; L98. Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10693 The Benefits of Reduced Air Pollutants in the U.S. from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Toman, Michael. Policies that reduce emissions of greenhouse gases can simultaneously alter emissions of conventional pollutants that have deleterious effects on human health and the environment. This paper first describes how these "ancillary" benefits--benefits in addition to reduced risks of climate change--can result from greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts. It then discusses methodologies for assessing ancillary benefits and provides a critical review of estimates associated with reductions of criteria air pollutants. We find that these benefits in the U.S. may be significant, indicating a higher level of "no regrets" greenhouse gas abatement than might be expected based on simple economic calculations of abatement cost. However, the magnitude of ancillary... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48. Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10496 The Effect of Allowance Allocation on the Cost of Carbon Emission Trading AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. We investigate the cost-effectiveness and distributional effects of a revenue-raising auction, grandfathering, and a generation performance standard as alternative approaches for distributing carbon emission allowances in the electricity sector. We solve a detailed national electricity market model and find the auction is roughly one-half the societal cost of the other approaches. This result holds under a variety of assumptions about the future state of economic regulation and competition in the electricity sector. The differences in the cost of the approaches flow from the effect of each approach on electricity price. Grandfathering is the best for producers but it imposes a substantial cost on consumers. The generation performance standard yields the... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon; Emission allowance trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Safety valve; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10536 The Paparazzi Take a Look at a Living Legend: The SO2 Cap-and-Trade Program for Power Plants in the United States AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.. For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) presents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. This paper provides an overview of the origins, design, and performance of the U.S. acid rain program, and an analysis of its specific features and its adaptability as a model for addressing other pollution problems, such as control of NOX or CO2 emissions. The program also has resulted in innovation through changes in organizational technology, in the organization of markets, and through experimentation at individual boilers, much of which arguably would... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emission trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10665 Reducing Emissions from the Electricity Sector: The Costs and Benefits Nationwide and in the Empire State AgEcon Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas; Shih, Jhih-Shyang. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10484 The Costs and Benefits of Reducing Acid Rain AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Mansur, Erin T.; Austin, David H.; Farrell, Deirdre. Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper presents the results of an integrated assessment of the benefits and costs of the program, using the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF) developed for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). Although dramatic uncertainties characterize our estimates especially with respect to the benefits of the program, many of which we have modeled explicitly, we find that the benefits can be expected to substantially outweigh the costs of the emission reductions. The lion's share of benefits result from reduced risk of premature mortality, especially through reduced exposure to... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Cost-benefit analysis; Clean Air Act; Title IV; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10692 An Assessment of the EPA's SO2 Emission Allowance Tracking System AgEcon Lile, Ronald D.; Bohi, Douglas R.; Burtraw, Dallas. On November 8, 1996, various Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials, scholars and industry representatives gathered at Resources for the Future (RFF) to examine the EPA's method for classifying private SO2 allowance transactions by the Allowance Tracking System (ATS). The one-day workshop at RFF was designed to evaluate how well the EPA's classification scheme within the ATS currently meets the needs of constituencies with a vested interest in the allowance trading system, and to determine if other classifications would be more beneficial. The EPA has limited its collection of information to that which is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental goals. In particular, the EPA has interpreted its mission to be one of minimal interference in... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Regulated industries; Electric utilities; Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D49; H70; K23; L94; Q25. Ano: 1996 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10890 Cost-Effective Reduction of NOx Emissions from Electricity Generation AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NOX contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states that is associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOX emissions. Our analysis considers three NOX reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOX SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10677 Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; McGuinness, Meghan. This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOX; Health benefits; Market structure; Restructuring; Deregulation; Value of statistical life; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10846 The Effect on Asset Values of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Paul, Anthony. Paradoxically, owners of existing generation assets may be better off paying for carbon dioxide emission allowances than having them distributed for free. This analysis shows that it takes just 7.5% of the revenue raised under an auction to preserve the asset values of existing generators. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Emission allowance trading; Allocation; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Outputbased allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94. Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10705 Innovation Under the Tradable Sulfur Dioxide Emission Permits Program in the U.S. Electricity Sector AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas. The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) instituted a national program in tradable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission permits, referred to as "emission allowances," in the U.S. electricity sector. This paper provides a survey and assessment of the SO2 allowance trading program with a focus on the role of innovation. Over the last decade the cost of compliance has fallen dramatically compared with most expectations, and today the total cost of the program is 40-140% lower than projections (depending on the timing of those projections and the counter-factual baseline considered). Marginal costs of reductions are less than one-half the cost considered in most analyses at the time the program was introduced. Innovation accounts for a large portion of these... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Innovation; Incentive-based regulation; SO2 trading; Clean Air Act Amendments; Environmental Economics and Policy; O31; Q25. Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10599 State-Level Policies and Regulatory Guidance for Compliance in the Early Years of the SO2 Emission Allowance Trading Program AgEcon Lile, Ronald D.; Burtraw, Dallas. The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 instituted a historic experiment in emission allowance trading for sulfur dioxide (SO2). A necessary requirement for evaluating this experiment is an understanding of how the cost recovery rules and other guidance given to firms by state-level public utility commissions (PUCs) and elected bodies has affected compliance behavior. From the onset of the CAAA, there has been varied response by state policy-makers toward SO2 compliance. This paper presents a compilation of these actions as they took shape in states that were affected by the SO2 program. Our primary interest is on the proposals that emerged during the embryonic years of the allowance program, from 1990 to 1993, when investment plans for utilities... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Clean Air Act Amendments; Sulfur dioxide; Allowance trading; Regulation; Electricity; Public utility commissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10828 The Effects of Trading and Banking in the SO2 Allowance Market AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Mansur, Erin T.. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments initiated a dramatic reduction in emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by electric power plants. This paper provides an evaluation of the environmental and public health consequences of the trading and banking provisions of Title IV. A sizable shift in the geographic location of emissions under Title IV (in some states of over 20 percent of emissions after Title IV is implemented) is attributable to trading and/or to banking. There has been considerable concern that this shift in emissions would cause harm to downwind areas due to long-range transport of pollution. We find the resulting change in atmospheric concentrations and deposition of pollutants, and the change in monetized health benefits, are most... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Sulfur dioxide; Trading; Benefit-cost analysis; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10630 Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector AgEcon Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Paul, Anthony; Toman, Michael; Bloyd, Cary. This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48. Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664 Registros recuperados: 42 Primeira ... 1 2 3 ... Última

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