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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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| Gray, Richard S.. |
| This paper examines the larger economic forces that shape multilateral trade agreements and concludes that further WTO trade reform in the grain and oilseed sectors will be difficult to achieve. The somewhat successful Uruguay Round had budget and internal reform pressure to assist the process. The United States currently has large budget surpluses, and efficiency effects from policy reform following the Uruguay Round have reduced the possible gains from further domestic reform. Without these pressures, further negotiated reform in the grain and oilseed sectors is a remote possibility. On the other hand, there are good prospects for a multilateral environmental agreement on climate change. Ratification of a climate change agreement could have a large... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Food security; Grain; Kyoto Accord; Oilseed; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23856 |
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| Malla, Stavroula; Gray, Richard S.. |
| The study examines the incentives and incidence of private R&D investment in the today's biotech industry. A three-stage search/imperfect competition model is developed to derive the optimal pricing and investment decisions of private firms and to develop conjectures about how these decisions are affected by exogenous factors. The analysis shows that basic public research "crowds in" applied private research while applied public research "crowds out" applied private research. The current technology level and the cost of the experimentation negatively affect private investment, while the price of the final product positively affects the private investment. Moreover, the greater the product heterogeneity, the higher the price charged with the same... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20544 |
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| Fulton, Murray E.; Gray, Richard S.. |
| Grain transportation is one of the most important economic issues for grain producers in the Northern Plains. The reliance on export markets and the long distances to port position means that transportation costs have a significant effect on the price received by farmers. In the prairie region of Canada, rail transportation is undergoing a major transformation that will affect the competitive positions of agriculture in both the United States and Canada and influence the direction of grain flows between the two countries. Rail rates are no longer legislated although a cap is still in place), restrictions on branch line abandonment have been lifted, and further deregulation of price and car allocation is being considered. Some parties, including the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Barriers to entry; Competition; Grain handling; Grain transportation; Monopoly; Railroads; Regulation; Public Economics; K2; L1; L9; L5. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29164 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Harper, Deborah; Highmoore, T.. |
| This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14568 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Malla, Stavroula; Tran, Kien C.. |
| This paper develops an empirical framework for estimating a number of inter-firm and downstream research spillovers in the canola crop research industry. The spillovers include basic research, human capital/ knowledge (as measured through other-firm expenditures), and genetics (as measured through yields of other-firms). The model used to examine spillover effects on research productivity provides evidence that there are many positive inter-firm non-pecuniary research spillovers, which is consistent with a research clustering effect. The second model, which examines spillovers at the level of firm revenue , shows that, while private firms tend to crowd one another, public firm expenditure on basic and applied research creates a crowding-in effect for... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Basic research; Applied research; Public research expenditures; Private research expenditures; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24776 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Bolek, Katarzyna. |
| The Australian grain research system has undergone a profound transformation over the past 25 years. This began with the creation of Grains Research Development Corporation, which gave producers a voice within a national research system. In the second phase of development, the GRDC tendered for the development of three for profit public corporations (AGT, HRZ and InterGrain) that would invest revenues from endpoint royalties (EPRs) to fund wheat breeding. This new funding for breeding allowed the GRDC to move upstream to focus on pre-breeding research efforts. As of 2012, these breeding firms had each acquired a multinational private partner and had collectively reached the point where end point royalties were sufficient to cover breeding costs. While this... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Toll goods; R&D funding models; Research levies; Seed pricing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124176 |
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| Schmitz, Troy G.; Gray, Richard S.. |
| According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) is the largest state trading enterprise reporting to the World Trade Organization under article XVII requirements. This study estimates the market power exerted by the CWB in international barley markets. The analysis incorporates international price discrimination across markets for similar types of barley, the intertwining relationships between feed and malting barley markets, and producer behavior in the absence of the CWB. The CWB was able to capture an annual average of $72 million in additional revenue beyond the amount that would have been generated by purely competitive multiple sellers of Canadian barley during the period 1985-94. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30897 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Smith, Vincent H.. |
| The United States and Canada share the longest common border and largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Recent trading agreements--CUSTA, NAFTA and WTO--have enhanced trade by encouraging elimination of many remaining trade barriers. However, one cause for concern about the effectiveness of these trade agreements has been the frequency of Canadian-U.S. trade disputes over bilateral wheat and barley trade arrangements and trade flows. To some extent, these disputes have arisen because of differences in and lack of harmonization between the domestic and trade policies implemented by the two countries, although other political factors have also clearly been important causes of these disagreements. Since 1986, many dimensions of the agricultural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Harmonization and convergence; Grains; Oilseeds; International Relations/Trade; Q1. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29163 |
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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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