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| Registros recuperados: 69 | |
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| Keng, Shao-Hsun; Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| Health, like schooling, is a form of human capital and can be expected to be positively related to labor productivity and labor supply. The production of good health and labor productivity, however, sometimes competes with an individual's lifestyle, e.g., binge drinking. In this study, an individual's health has three dimensions: current health status, binge drinking which is an unhealthy lifestyle, and stature or mature height which is a young adult's health endowment. This study presents and fits a dynamic model of an individual's demand for health, demand for binge drinking, labor supply, and wage or demand for labor equations to NLSY 1979 cohort panel data of young people. We find that binge drinking has a negative but insignificant effect on the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Health; Labor productivity; Labor supply; Binge drinking; Youth; Panel data; Rational addiction; Human capital; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18252 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Huffman, Sonya Kostova; Tegene, Abebayehu; Rickertsen, Kyrre. |
| The high and rapidly rising adult obesity rates in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand are associated with major health risks, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and some forms of cancer; large health care costs; and premature deaths annually. For example, the death rate from diabetes mellitus has been rising in the U.S. In contrast, death rates from circulator diseases have a strong negative trend, but rising obesity rates almost certainly have slowed this trend. This paper focuses on obesity-related mortality from diabetes and circulatory diseases and establishes the econometric underpinning of an aggregate household health production function and an aggregate household health supply function using data for 15... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Health; Over nutrition; Obesity; Obesity-related mortality; High income countries; Economic factors; Household models; Food prices; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25567 |
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| Abdulai, Awudu; Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| This paper employs a stochastic frontier model to examine profit inefficiency of rice farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana using farm-level survey data. The efficiency index, based on a half-normal distribution of the stochastic error term is related to farm and household characteristics. The empirical results show that farmers' human capital represented by the level of schooling contributes positively to production efficiency, suggesting that investment in farmers' education improves their allocative performance. Access to credit and greater specialization in rice production, are found to be positively related to production efficiency. A farmer's participation in nonfarm employment and being older, however, reduce production efficiency. Farmers... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Ghana; Production efficiency; Profit frontier; Rice; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18271 |
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| Chen, Adam Zhuo; Huffman, Wallace E.; Rozelle, Scott. |
| This article examines technical efficiency of the Chinese grain sector using the framework of stochastic production frontier. The results reveal that: the marginal products of labor and fertilizer are much smaller than that of land; human capital and farm-level specialization have positive effect on efficiency, land fragmentation is detrimental to efficiency, and elder farmers are as efficient as younger farmers. We also examine the effects of size, mechanization and geographic location. Simulation results show that significant output gains can be obtained by eliminating land fragmentation, improving rural education and promoting specialization and mechanization. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22116 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Just, Richard E.. |
| The United States has developed a very successful R&D system for agriculture. It is a system with shared cost/financing and performance by the federal and state governments and by the private sector. The paper presents an economic analysis of alternative organization, management, incentive, and funding mechanisms for agricultural research under budget constraints, including some emphasis on the kinds of benefits that are generated and the groups that receive them. We conclude that the private sector should be permitted to carry out research that it finds profitable to undertake with minimal competition from the public sector. The public research institutions should focus on general and pretechnology science programs that complement private R&D... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research; R&D; Funding; Innovations; Science; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18259 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Rousu, Matthew C.; Shogren, Jason F.; Tegene, Abebayehu. |
| This paper addressed the puzzling resistance of Presidents of southern African countries to food aid in 2002, given near certain starvation and long-term negative health effects of malnutrition of their constituents. First, I show that NGOs led by Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth are disseminating information claiming that GM foods are dangerous to human health and are "Frankenfoods." Second, people in European Union countries, who are not in any danger of starvation, have strong preferences for non-GM foods, which they can easily afford. Over the long term, however, the tastes of EU consumers matter to southern African countries because some of these countries hope to export agricultural products in the future. GM-food aid, which most likely would... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18208 |
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| Li, Yangi; Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| This study focuses on re-migration, where individuals return to their place of birth after living in a new location for several years. Puerto Rican male householders, born in Puerto Rico but residing on the U.S. mainland and re-migrating to Puerto Rico, is the sample for fitting a hazard rate model of re-migration. We find a strong quadratic effect of an individual's age on his hazard rate. Also, males having English proficiency, less schooling, and working disability are less likely to re-migrate. A higher predicted job growth rate for Puerto Rico (U.S. mainland) and unemployment rate for the mainland (Puerto Rico) have positive (negative) effects on the hazard rate. The hazard rate is negatively related to the Puerto Rican real minimum wage. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18255 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Rousu, Matthew C.; Shogren, Jason F.; Tegene, Abebayehu. |
| This paper examines the market characteristics that push consumers in high income countries to resist GM foods, with an emphasis on negative information from environmental groups and third-party, verifiable information. For this study, unique data were collected from adult consumers in the United States who participated in laboratory auctions of three food types with randomly assigned labeling and information treatments. Using U.S. consumers is important because U.S. consumers are generally supportive of GM foods and free from the BSE "food scare" fears and bias towards "natural" that are hypothesized to lead Europeans to reject GM foods. Key findings are that negative GM-product information supplied by environmental groups pushes some consumers out of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25837 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| This paper examines methods frequently used by agricultural economists to measure the cost of farm labor, including operator and other unpaid, and to provide insights for improving them. The tradition is broken of treating labor and management separately, and labor is defined as encompassing all the productive activities of individuals or human agents used in a business, including farming. Conceptual issues are first addressed: (1) the nature of economic cost and the cost of unpaid labor and (2) time allocation in agricultural household models where an individual's annual time endowment is allocated potentially to leisure, farm work, and off-farm work. Measurement issues are addressed second: (1) specific methods for improving the measurement of the cost... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18254 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Rousu, Matthew C.; Shogren, Jason F.; Tegene, Abebayehu. |
| In many countries, including those in the European Union, Japan, Australia, and China, labeling is required for foods that contain genetically modified material. Other countries, including the United States, do not require mandatory labeling of GM foods. The United States, however, does allow firms to voluntarily label their products as non-GM. This raises the question of whether a mandatory labeling or voluntary labeling policy is more efficient. Proponents of voluntary labeling policies say they are less expensive, because only the firms that wish to label their products must incur the labeling costs. In a mandatory labeling regime, all firms would need to incur additional costs, whether the costs are due to product testing, label design,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19857 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.; Just, Richard E.. |
| This paper examines efficiency implications of national and local policies for fund allocation and management of agricultural research, which produce pure and impure public goods. The possibility is examined that competitive grants programs increase rent seeking activities by scientists relative to specific block grants or formula allocations and thereby reduce both the real resources available to produce traditional research outputs and the productivity with which research resources are used. Management of local research units, including advantages of incentive compatible contracts, is also considered. Additional conceptual and empirical work are needed before the issues are resolved. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18240 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| Duality theory and static multi-product technology have been applied to analyze aggregate agricultural data by Shumway; Weaver; and McKay, Lawrence and Vlastuin. Several studies (e.g., Antle; Binswanger; and Lopez, 1985a) have indexed technology with a time trend, but no study has attempted to investigate the effects of agricultural research, extension, and education in the multiple-output dual static framework. The objectives of this paper are (i) to assess the bias effects in cash-grain farmers' production decisions caused by public agricultural research, public extension, and farmers' schooling and (ii) to present new estimates of the shadow values of agricultural research, extension, and schooling obtained from the static dual model of agricultural... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50024 |
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| Huffman, Wallace E.. |
| This paper applies production theory to define a new set of inputs for U.S. households for the post-war II period, tests the new inputs to see if they support a complete household-demand system, and reports a new social cost-of-living index. The data support a demand system with nine major input categories and yield plausible price, income, and translating-variable effects. Women's and men's housework are complements, but other input categories are substitutes for women's housework. Some changes in the demand are associated with household technology and demographics. My social cost-of-living index rises at an approximately 1.4 percent per year slower over the post-war era than the implicit price deflator. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18229 |
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| Registros recuperados: 69 | |
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