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Short notes and reviews Carrying metazoan phylogenetics forward in the 21st century Naturalis
Jenner, Ronald A..
Review of and commentary on: Animal Evolution. Interrelationships of the Living Phyla, by Claus Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2001, x + 563 pp., ISBN 0-19-850682-1 (Pbk). My initial browsing of the new edition of Claus Nielsen’s Animal Evolution could scarcely have produced a bigger surprise. Opening the book from the back I first read the last line of the last chapter on molecular phylogeny: “The evolutionary scenario pictured in fig. 57.2 [a molecular cladogram based on 18S rDNA sequences] is fully compatible with the phylogeny proposed on morphological evidence in this book...” (p. 519). Imagine the surprise! Anyone even marginally familiar with recent developments in higher-level animal phylogenetics will be aware of some major conflicting...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534282
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Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida, Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of central Montana Naturalis
Jenner, Ronald A.; Hof, Cees H.J.; Schram, Frederick R..
The palaeostomatopod crustacean Bairdops beargulchensis Schram & Horner, 1978 (Malacostraca, Hoplocarida) from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone is now seen as a taxonomic composite that arose from the confusion of specimens of two distinct hoplocarid species. These species are herein described as the palaeostomatopod Bairdops beargulchensis Schram & Horner, 1978 and a new species of archaeostomatopod, Tyrannophontes acanthocercus. quite distinct from the Pennsylvanian archaeostomatopod Tyrannophontes acanthocercus is T. theridion from the Essex fauna (Mazon Creek), with which it was originally compared. Bairdops beargulchensis is very similar to the Mississippian palaeostomatopod, B. elegans, from the Scottish Glencartholm fauna. A previously...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Malacostraca; Hoplocarida; Stomatopoda; Phylogeny; Bear Gulch.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534339
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Boolean logic and character state identity: pitfalls of character coding in metazoan cladistics Naturalis
Jenner, Ronald A..
A critical study of the morphological data sets used for the most recent analyses of metazoan cladistics exposes a rather cavalier attitude towards character coding. Binary absence/presence coding is ubiquitous, but without any explicit justification. This uncompromising application of Boolean logic in character coding is remarkable since several recent investigations have nominated absence/presence coding as the most problematic coding method available for standard cladistic analysis. Moreover, the prevalence of unspecified “absence” character states in the published data sets introduces a discrepancy between the theoretical foundations of phylogenetic parsimony and current practices in metazoan cladistics. Because phylogenetic parsimony assumes...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Metazoan cladistics; Metazoa; Character coding; Character state identity; Boolean logic; Nonadditive binary coding; Absence/presence coding.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534396
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Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters Naturalis
Jenner, Ronald A..
This paper critically assesses all morphological cladistic analyses of the Metazoa that were published during the last one and a half decades. Molecular and total evidence analyses are also critically reviewed. This study focuses on evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of the ‘acoelomate’ worms: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, all recently proposed sister group hypotheses and the supporting synapomorphies for these phyla are evaluated. Discrepancies in the treatment of corresponding characters in different cladistic analyses are identified, and where possible, resolved. In Part II, the overall phylogenetic significance across the Metazoa of all characters relevant for placing the...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Platyhelminthes; Nemertea; Gnathostomulida; Metazoa; Bilateria; Phylogeny; Morphological cladistics; 18S rDNA; Total evidence.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534337
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