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Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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Ahearn, Mary Clare; Korb, Penelope J.; Banker, David E.. |
This paper examines the industrialization process of U.S. agriculture by examining the trends in the number of farms, the concentration of production during the last decade, and the dynamics of farm survivability, entry, and exit underlying aggregate statistics. We next examine vertical coordination as part of the industrialization process and highlight contracting in the poultry industry. The analysis provides evidence that production is continuing to be concentrated on a smaller number of farms at a relatively rapid rate, in spite of the stability in the number of farms. Although contracting clearly dominates the broiler industry, it is less prevalent in egg and turkey production, where other forms of vertical coordination are likely established. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Broilers; Contracting; Eggs; Industrialization; Poultry; Structural change; Turkeys; Vertical integration; D23; D40; L11; L14 L22; L23; Q12. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43511 |
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Hoppe, Robert A.; Banker, David E.; Korb, Penelope J.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.; MacDonald, James M.. |
American farms encompass a wide range of sizes, ownership structures, and business types, but most farms are still family farms. Family farms account for 98 percent of farms and 85 percent of production. Although most farms are small and own most of the farmland, production has shifted to very large farms. Farms with sales of $1 million or more make up less than 2 percent of all farms, but they account for 48 percent of farm product sales. Most of these million-dollar farms are family farms. Because small-farm households rely on off-farm work for most of their income, general economic policies, such as tax or economic development policy, can be as important to them as traditional farm policy. |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Farm program payments; Farm production; Farm household income; Commodity payments; Direct payments; Government payments; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Contracting; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59029 |
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Ahearn, Mary Clare; Collender, Robert N.; Diao, Xinshen; Harrington, David H.; Hoppe, Robert A.; Korb, Penelope J.; Makki, Shiva S.; Morehart, Mitchell J.; Roberts, Michael J.; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi; Vandeveer, Monte; Westcott, Paul C.; Young, C. Edwin. |
The studies in this report analyze the effects of decoupled payments in the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act on recipient households, and assess land, labor, risk management, and capital market conditions that can lead to links between decoupled payments and production choices. Each study contributes a different perspective to understanding the response of U.S. farm households and production to decoupled income transfers. Some use new microdata on farm households collected through USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), initiated in 1996, and its predecessor survey. These data are used to compare household and producer behavior and outcomes before and after the FAIR Act. Other studies use applied or conceptual models to... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33981 |
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Hoppe, Robert A.; Korb, Penelope J.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Banker, David E.. |
U.S. farms are diverse, ranging from small retirement and residential farms to enterprises with annual sales in the millions. Nevertheless, most U.S. farms—98 percent in 2004—are family farms. Even the largest farms tend to be family farms. Large-scale family farms and nonfamily farms account for 10 percent of U.S farms, but 75 percent of the value of production. In contrast, small family farms make up most of the U.S. farm count, produce a modest share of farm output, and receive substantial off-farm income. Many farm households have a large net worth, reflecting the land-intensive nature of farming. |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Million-dollar farms; Small farms; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59032 |
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MacDonald, James M.; Hoppe, Robert A.; Korb, Penelope J.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.. |
We use two comprehensive and representative USDA databases to assess the performance of small farms in the U.S. Farm production is shifting to much larger farms, and the number of small commercial farms is declining. Most large U.S. farms remain family-owned and operated enterprises, and most remain small businesses by U.S. standards. Small commercial farms tend to focus on three commodities: beef cattle, grains and oilseeds, and poultry. On average, large farm financial returns substantially exceed those on small farms, but the range of performance among small farms is quite wide. About one quarter of the nearly 800,000 small commercial farms show very good financial returns. |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Small farms; Structural change; Farm income; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52870 |
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Johnson, James D.; Perry, Janet E.; Korb, Penelope J.; Sommer, Judith E.; Ryan, James T.; Green, Robert C.; Durst, Ron L.; Monke, James D.. |
Family farms vary widely in size and other characteristics, ranging from very small retirement and residential farms to establishments with sales in the millions of dollars. The farm typology developed by the Economic Research Service (ERS) categorizes farms into groups based primarily on occupation of the operator and sales class of the farm. The typology groups reflect operators' expectations from farming, position in the life cycle, and dependence on agriculture. The groups differ in their importance to the farm sector, product specialization, program participation, and dependence on farm income. These (and other) differences are discussed in this report. |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Resource Management Study (ARMS); Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial situation; Farm operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm typology; Female farm operators; Government payments; Spouses of farm operators; Taxes; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33707 |
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Sommer, Judith E.; Hoppe, Robert A.; Green, Robert C.; Korb, Penelope J.. |
National average statistics related to farm production mask the diversity in the Nation's 2 million farms and the people who operate them. Farms in the United States differ not only by size (sales and acres) and type of production, but also by organizational characteristics (land ownership, legal organization, contracting arrangements) and financial characteristics (debt, assets, income, expenditures). Farm operators and their households vary with respect to demographic characteristics (occupation, age, education), financial characteristics (dependence on farm income, operator/spouse labor allocation), and management characteristics (information sources, business goals). |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Farm structure; Farm income; Financial performance; Farm management; Farm business; Government payments; Farm loans; Computer use; Minority farmers; Female farm operators; Farm operator household; Family farm; Small farm; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management. |
Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33620 |
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Biggs, Brian; Murray, Paul; Dubman, Robert W.; Erickson, Kenneth W.; Korb, Penelope J.. |
Following a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements, the past two decades have seen increased trade and investment liberalization between Canada and the United States in the agri-food sector. Changes in trade policy are one of several paths by which farm structure can change. This increased liberalization, together with the largest drop in Canadian farm numbers recorded by the Census of Agriculture in thirty years, has provided the impetus to review some aspects of farm structure. In particular, this article presents the latest Canadian and U.S. data on the number of farms by sales class, the concentration of sales and other production-related variables, and the distribution of income and receipts. We explore whether significant changes in the... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45741 |
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MacDonald, James M.; Korb, Penelope J.. |
We use 2003 and 2004 ARMS data to analyze variations in contract duration among growers of broilers who hold production contracts. Most contracts cover just a single flock, but many extend for 1-2 years, and a significant minority of broiler contracts specify lengths of 5, 10, and even 15 years. We find that grower debt and production volume are inversely related to the choice of a short term (a year or less) contract, while lengthy prior experience with the contractor promotes short term contracts. Some contract terms appear to act as substitutes or complements to duration. |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21112 |
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Hoppe, Robert A.; Korb, Penelope J.; Banker, David E.. |
Million-dollar farms—those with annual sales of at least $1 million—accounted for about half of U.S. farm sales in 2002, up from a fourth in 1982 (with sales measured in constant 2002 dollars). By 2006, million-dollar farms, accounting for 2 percent of all U.S. farms, dominated U.S. production of high-value crops, milk, hogs, poultry, and beef. The shift to million-dollar farms is likely to continue because they tend to be more profitable than smaller farms, giving them a competitive advantage. Most million-dollar farms (84 percent) are family farms, that is, the farm operator and relatives of the operator own the business. The million-dollar farms organized as nonfamily corporations tend to have no more than 10 stockholders. |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Million-dollar farms; Farm Management. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58623 |
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Hoppe, Robert A.; MacDonald, James M.; Korb, Penelope J.. |
Ninety-one percent of U.S. farms are classified as small—gross cash farm income (GCFI) of less than $250,000. About 60 percent of these small farms are very small, generating GCFI of less than $10,000. These very small noncommercial farms, in some respects, exist independently of the farm economy because their operators rely heavily on off-farm income. The remaining small farms—small commercial farms—account for most small-farm production. Overall farm production, however, continues to shift to larger operations, while the number of small commercial farms and their share of sales maintain a long-term decline. The shift to larger farms will continue to be gradual, because some small commercial farms are profitable and others are willing to accept losses. |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Noncommercial farms; Small farms; Small commercial farms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58300 |
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Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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