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Dual-frequency ADCPs measuring turbidity ArchiMer
Jourdin, Frederic; Tessier, Caroline; Le Hir, Pierre; Verney, Romaric; Lunven, Michel; Loyer, Sophie; Lusven, Andre; Filipot, Jean-francois; Lepesqueur, Jeremy.
A pair of self-contained acoustic Doppler current profilers (SC-ADCPs) operating with different frequencies were moored on a muddy sea bottom at about 20 m depth in the Bay of Vilaine off the French Atlantic coast. With their acoustic beams oriented upwards, the SC-ADCPs ensonified most of the water column. The results of several months of in situ recorded echo intensity data spanning 2 years (2003 to 2004) from the dual-frequency ADCPs are presented in this paper. The aim was to estimate suspended particle mass concentration and mean size. A concentration index CI is proposed for the estimation of particle concentration. Based on theory the CI-unlike the volume backscatter strength-does not depend on particle size. Compared with in situ optical data, the...
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Ano: 2014 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00213/32427/30896.pdf
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Etude d'impact du rejet des eaux d'exaure du tunnel sur l'environnement marin ArchiMer
Monbet, Yves; Delpech, Jean-paul; Le Hir, Pierre.
En 1983, plus de 20 millions de voyageurs et près de 20 millions de tonnes de marchandises ont traversé la Manche ou la Mer du Nord entre la Grande-Bretagne et le continent. Ces échanges sont trois fois supérieurs à ceux enregistrés en 1970, ce qui représente une augmentation annuelle de l'ordre de 10 %. Les prévisions les plus réalistes tablent actuellement sur une augmentation moyenne légeretnent supérieure à 4 % par an d'ici l'an 2000, ce qui équivaut à plus que doubler à cette date le trafic actuel. Pour répondre à une telle demande, il a été nécessaire d'envisager différentes solutions permettant de faire face à l'augmentation prévue.
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Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00080/19124/16719.pdf
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Suspended Sediment Dynamics in the Macrotidal Seine Estuary (France) - Part 2: Numerical Modeling of Sediment Fluxes and Budgets Under Typical Hydrological and Meteorological Conditions ArchiMer
Schulz, Elisabeth; Grasso, Florent; Le Hir, Pierre; Verney, Romaric; Thouvenin, Benedicte.
Understanding the sediment dynamics in an estuary is important for its morphodynamic and ecological assessment as well as, in case of an anthropogenically controlled system, for its maintenance. However, the quantification of sediment fluxes and budgets is extremely difficult from in-situ data and requires thoroughly validated numerical models. In the study presented here, sediment fluxes and budgets in the lower Seine Estuary were quantified and investigated from seasonal to annual time scales with respect to realistic hydro- and meteorological conditions. A realistic three-dimensional process-based hydro- and sediment-dynamic model was used to quantify mud and sand fluxes through characteristic estuarine cross-sections. In addition to a reference...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Macrotidal estuary; Sediment fluxes; Numerical modelling; Mud/sand; Wind/waves; River discharge.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00416/52772/53640.pdf
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Erosions, dépots et transits sédimentaires associés dans le bassin de Marennes-Oléron ArchiMer
Le Hir, Pierre; Kervella, Stephane; Walker, Patrice; Brenon, Isabelle.
Managing sediments in the bate de Marennes-Oleron (Atlantic coast of France) can be achieved providing particulate fluxes at the scale of the basin are available as well as tidal and meteorological conditions during which major transports occur A sediment dynamics model accounting for tide- and wave-induced sand and mud transport has been applied to the Pertuis Charentais area Consolidation of pure mud and mixtures of sand and mud is accounted for The model validation is achieved by current and turbidity measurements, local altimetric surveys during one year and pressure measurements for waves on the tidal flat An asymmetry between eastern and western halves of the bay is observed on turbidity signals in agreement with a residual circulation from north to...
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Ano: 2010 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00019/13034/10302.pdf
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Modélisation des turbidités en Bretagne sud et validation par des mesures in situ ArchiMer
Tessier, Caroline; Le Hir, Pierre; Dumas, Franck; Jourdin, F.
A hydrodynamic and sediment model of South Brittany is calibrated with ADCP measurements, which allow to estimate hydrodynamic forcing and concentration of suspended particulate matter. The exercise of comparison between observed and simulated concentrations reveals that turbidity is highly dependant on numerous strongly coupled sedimentary and physical processes.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Waves; ADCP; Acoustical backscattering; Modelisation; Turbidity; Vagues; ADCP; Rétrodiffusion acoustique; Modélisation; Turbidité.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6300.pdf
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Formulating Fine to Medium Sand Erosion for Suspended Sediment Transport Models ArchiMer
Dufois, Francois; Le Hir, Pierre.
The capacity of an advection/diffusion model to predict sand transport under varying wave and current conditions is evaluated. The horizontal sand transport rate is computed by vertical integration of the suspended sediment flux. A correction procedure for the near-bed concentration is proposed so that model results are independent of the vertical resolution. The method can thus be implemented in regional models with operational applications. Simulating equilibrium sand transport rates, when erosion and deposition are balanced, requires a new empirical erosion law that involves the non-dimensional excess shear stress and a parameter that depends on the size of the sand grain. Comparison with several datasets and sediment transport formulae demonstrated the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sand; 1DV model; Erosion rate; Suspended sediment transport.
Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00276/38763/37304.pdf
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Golfe Normano-Breton - Etude Régionale Intégrée ArchiMer
Le Hir, Pierre; Bassoullet, Philippe; Erard, E.; Blanchard, Michel; Hamon, Dominique; Jegou, Anne-marie.
Ce rapport en 6 volumes est le résultat d'une étude pluridisciplinaire (6 thèmes correspondant aux volumes du rapport), réalisée sur un secteur géographique bien délimité, présentant des caractéristiques physiques et biologiques particulières (très fort marnage, grande hétérogénéité des fonds, forte production biologique à base de mollusques filtreurs…), et siège d'activités humaines importantes et diversifiées (essentiellement basées sur l'exploitation des ressources du milieu). L'étude fait suite à un Livre Blanc établi en 1982, synthétise les données existantes, et les complète par des travaux originaux sur la connaissance des mécanismes naturels, en particulier de ceux qui ont une relation directe ou indirecte avec les activités humaines (processus...
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Ano: 1986 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00047/15837/13240.pdf
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Development and validation of a sediment dynamics model within a coastal operational oceanographic system ArchiMer
Cayocca, Florence; Verney, Romaric; Petton, Sebastien; Caillaud, Matthieu; Dussauze, Morgan; Dumas, Franck; Le Roux, Jean-francois; Pineau-guillou, Lucia; Le Hir, Pierre.
The rising interest in environmental and ecosystem dynamics have lead coastal oceanographers to not only investigate the “traditional” physical parameters describing the ocean state and its dynamics (e.g. temperature, salinity, currents, water levels in coastal areas), but to also account for the dynamics of parameters describing its biogeochemical components. To that end, MARS3D regional and coastal modelling system has been coupled to ecosystem modules (ECO-MARS3D, ECO3M) as well as sediment dynamics modules (MARS3D-SEDIM): sediment, nutrient and primary production contents can be considered as the lower level environment and ecosystem descriptors of the “biogeochemical” ocean. Early investments into physical and biological analysis at the regional scale...
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Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00194/30572/29015.pdf
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Impact du régime du barrage d'Arzal sur la stratification a l'embouchure de la Vilaine : étude par modélisation numérique ArchiMer
Le Hir, Pierre; Duchene, C.; Merel, A; De Nadaillac, G.; Merceron, Michel; Breton, Marguerite.
The rate of flow of the fresh water releases at the Arzal Dam into the Vilaine is likely to influence the haline structure of Vilaine Bay. In order to determine the rate of flow that causes a minimum downstream stratification, a vertical two-dimensional mathematical modelling of the Vilaine's estuary was undertaken. We obtain very similar stratification flows for different fresh water release scenarios, in spite of the rather different desalinisations and currents.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Water release; Stratification; Estuary; Numerical model; Vilaine; Rejet de barrage; Stratification; Estuaire; Modèle numérique; Vilaine.
Ano: 1986 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1986/rapport-2654.pdf
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Amélioration de la salubrité des eaux conchylicoles de l'estuaire de l'Elorn et du Nord de la Rade de Brest - Etude du milieu marin ArchiMer
Le Hir, Pierre; Breton, M; L'Yavanc, J..
Afin de préciser les rejets où il est préférable d'intervenir pour réduire les contaminations des secteurs conchylicoles de l'Elorn et du Nord de la rade de Brest, un calcul de dilution de chacun des rejets a été mené à l'aide d'un modèle mathématique. Après une description des courants de marée calculés dans tout le secteur d'étude, des figures de dilution sont présentées. L'impact de chaque rejet se déduit facilement.
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Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00103/21460/19041.pdf
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Modelling Pb and Cd dynamics in the Seine estuary ArchiMer
Thouvenin, Benedicte; Gonzalez, Jean-louis; Chiffoleau, Jean-francois; Boutier, Bernard; Le Hir, Pierre.
The Seine estuary (France) is currently one of the world's most contaminated estuaries, due in particular to its high cadmium and lead content. Proper understanding of contaminant transfer, transformation and retention mechanisms throughout the estuary and up to the adjacent marine zone require a range of studies involving data collections, experiments, and modeling tool. A multivariable transport model (SiAM-3D) was used to simulate dissolved and particulate transport and it is applied to several calculation grids; a speciation model (MOCO) was used to select key species and obtain a schematic system representation. The coupled model for Cd and Pb was compared with field measurements. The complementary character of various tools (model applied to annual...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: 3D modeling; Cd and Pb trace metals; Seine estuary.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3009.pdf
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Modèle hydro-sédimentaire du bassin de Marennes-Oléron : présentation et principaux résultats ArchiMer
Raillard, Olivier; Le Hir, Pierre; Lazure, Pascal.
Depuis plusieurs années l'écosystème conchylicole de Marennes-Oléron est l' objet de modélisations de complexité croissante qui tendent à intégrer de plus en plus de processus physiques et biologiques (Bacher, 1989 ; Raillard, 1991) afin d'accroître le réalisme et le champ d'investigation de l'outil (Héral et al., 1991 ) . Confrontés au problème de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des concentrations du matériel dissous et particulaire de l'eau, les travaux les plus récents ont pu mettre en évidence les limitations des modèles d'écosystème qui asservissent spatialement et temporellement la représentation des processus physiques à celle des mécanismes biologiques (Raillard, 1991). Le but de cette étude est de développer une modélisation de l'écosystème...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modèle hydro-sédimentaire; Concentration particulaire; Concentration dissoute; Production primaire; Production secondaire; Bassin de Marennes Oléron; Charente Maritime Dep..
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00102/21305/18918.pdf
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Influence des conditions hydrométéorologiques sur les flux et bilans sédimentaires en estuaire de Seine ArchiMer
Grasso, Florent; Schulz, Elisabeth; Le Hir, Pierre; Verney, Romaric; Thouvenin, Benedicte.
La dynamique sédimentaire à l’embouchure de l’estuaire de Seine est principalement contrôlée par les forçages hydrométéorologiques (débit, vent, vagues, marée) et les fortes pressions anthropiques (endiguement, dragage, clapage). La compréhension et la quantification de la dynamique des flux sédimentaires en suspension (sable/vase) est un enjeu majeur, autant d’un point vu écologique (ex. turbidité, envasement) que financier (ex. gestion des chenaux de navigation). La mise en place de réseaux de mesure in situ permet une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique sédimentaire de l’estuaire, mais leur caractère local rend difficile toute estimation des flux et bilans sédimentaires. Pour répondre à ces questions, cette étude s’appuie sur la modélisation...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire; Sable/vase; Estuaire de Seine; Modélisation numérique; Mesures in situ; Dragage; Flux résiduels et bilans; Année/trimestres.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00348/45928/45621.pdf
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Modélisation hydro-sédimentaire de la baie du Mont Saint-Michel ArchiMer
Cayocca, Florence; Dussauze, Morgan; Le Hir, Pierre; Bassoullet, Philippe; Jestin, Herve.
A numerical model for hydrodynamics and sediment transport is applied to Mont Saint Michel Bay, where ecological concerns are related to sediment transfers. Recent current datasets recorded on the tidal flat show the wind influence on the currents during neap tide. They are compared to model outputs. The simulation of sediment transfers driven by tides and waves accurately mimics the sediment repartition in the Bay.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Turbidité; Sédiments cohésifs; Modèle; Courant; Mont Saint Michel.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-6274.pdf
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Etude de l'estuaire de la Seine - Modélisation numérique des phénomènes physiques ArchiMer
Salomon, Jean-claude; Le Hir, Pierre.
Les zones côtières, et les estuaires en particulier, fournissent au bien-être de l'homme et à son activité économique une aide très appréciable. Contrairement au milieu terrestre pauvre en eau, et au milieu marin pauvre en éléments nutritifs, les estuaires riches de ces deux constituants sont un lieu de vie privilégié. On connait le rôle de frayère et de nurserie qu'ils jouent pour de très nombreuses espèces. Ces estuaires sont actuellement utilisés comme collecteurs des rejets industriels et domestiques. Bien que ces rejets lorsqu'ils sont convenablement traités et dilués ne soient pas obligatoirement néfastes, il est de première utilité de pouvoir juger de leurs effets selon leur nature, leur localisation et leur importance, pour ne pas mettre en danger...
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Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00105/21638/19219.pdf
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Spatio-temporal variations in intertidal mudflat erodability: Marennes-Oleron Bay, western France ArchiMer
Orvain, Francis; Sauriau, Pierre-guy; Le Hir, Pierre; Guillou, Gael; Cann, Philippe; Paillard, Michel.
A portable erosion device (ERIS) was deployed in November 2000 and May 2001 to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of fine-grained sediment erosion over a transect on the intertidal mudflats of Marennes-Oleron Bay, western France. The objective was to relate changes in bed erodability over diurnal emersion periods to bioturbation, rapid changes in sediment characteristics, and microphytobenthos biomass. Macrofaunal assemblages were dominated by the bivalve, Scrobicularia plana, on the upper mudflat, and by the gastropod, Hydrobia ulvae. on the middle mudflat. A power relationship was obtained where tau(cr) was plotted as a function of sediment density. Results from the upper part of the mudflat deviated from this relationship due to bioturbation by...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: EPS; Microphytobenthos; Erodability; Intertidal mudflat; Sediment; Scrobicularia plana; Hydrobia ulvae; Bioturbation; Resuspension; Eris.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3779.pdf
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Aide mémoire de dynamique sédimentaire. 7ème édition ArchiMer
Le Hir, Pierre.
This aide-mémoire is not a lesson on sedimentary dynamics but more of a calculation form. Its use implies a good knowledge of the involved processes. This report presents the basic formulations used for the calculation of the hydrodynamic forcings as well as the main sediment behavioural laws, in order to help the reader conduct a basic sediment transportation calculation.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bottom shear stress; Boundary layer; Mathematical modelling; Transport rate; Cohesive sediments; Non cohesive sediments; Sediment dynamics; Contrainte de cisaillement au fond; Couche limite; Modélisation mathématique; Fonctions de transport; Sédiments cohésifs; Sédiments non cohésifs; Dynamique sédimentaire.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/rapport-6273.pdf
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Remaniements sédimentaires superficiels sur l'estran occidental de la baie du Mont Saint-Michel ArchiMer
Bonnot-courtois, C; Bassoullet, Philippe; Tessier, B; Cayocca, Florence; Le Hir, Pierre; Baltzer, A.
In order to define and quantify the rhythm and amplitude of the processes of erosion and sedimentation on broad tidal flats, in situ measurements of sediment elevation have been performed in the western part of the Mont-Saint-Michel bay. The amplitude of reworking is generally low (< ± 5 cm), and variable from west to east. The wind influence on tidal currents and surficial reworking emphasizes erosion phases rapidly followed by accretion of similar amplitude on the whole tidal flat. A numerical model for hydrodynamics and sediment transport is applied to Mont Saint Michel Bay, where ecological concerns are related to sediment transfers.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sediment transport; Numerical model; Erosion sedimentation budget; "In situ" measurements; Tidal sandy mud flat; Transport sédimentaire; Modèle numérique; Bilan érosion sédimentation; Mesures in situ; Estran sablo vaseux.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6279.pdf
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Bottom trawling contribution to the spatio-temporal variability of sediment fluxes on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay (France) ArchiMer
Mengual, Baptiste; Le Hir, Pierre; Cayocca, Florence; Garlan, T..
Based on experiments, a trawling-induced erosion dynamics was included in a 3D realistic and pre-validated hydro-sedimentary model so as to assess its contribution to the overall regional sediment dynamics in the specific case of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. The effect of trawling was investigated throughout a 5-year period in terms of horizontal/vertical fluxes and changes in seabed mud content, and compared to the natural variability of sediment fluxes at different spatio-temporal scales. Trawling is shown in the model to significantly contribute to sediment re-suspension, and changes in the seabed at the scale of the shelf. The contribution of trawling to re-suspension is >80% during the high fishing season at many locations on the outer...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sediment fluxes; Bottom trawling; Numerical modelling; Bay of Biscay; Continental shelf.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00500/61146/64574.pdf
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Modélisation environnementale de l'estuaire de la Seine ArchiMer
Bacq, Nicolas; Cugier, Philippe; Grasso, Florent; Le Gendre, Romain; Le Hir, Pierre; Lemoine, Jean-philippe; Riou, Philippe; Schulz, Elisabeth; Thouvenin, Benedicte; Verney, Romaric.
Dans le cadre du programme de recherche Seine-Aval 5, différentes stratégies de modélisation numérique sont mises en place pour aider à répondre aux questionnements scientifiques et sociétaux associés au fonctionnement physique, biologique, chimique et écologique de l'estuaire de la Seine (ex. projets RESET et HYMOSED). Les forçages météo-marins (vent, vague, marée) et hydrologique (débit) contrôlent le fonctionnement hydro-morpho-sédimentaire et biogéochimique de l'estuaire, modifiant ainsi les paramètres environnementaux de l’estuaire amont jusqu’à la baie de Seine (ex. nature des fonds, courant, turbidité, salinité, température, oxygène dissous, chlorophylle-a). La modélisation de ces paramètres, ainsi que leur évolution face à différents scénarios...
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Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00284/39480/37966.pdf
Registros recuperados: 58
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