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| Registros recuperados: 27 | |
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| Cooper, J.M.; Schmidt, C.S.; Lueck, L.; Shotton, P.N.; Leifert, C.. |
| The Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison (NFSC) experiments are part of a long-term field trial that compares organic and conventional systems of crop rotation, crop protection and fertility management, in a factorial design. Pest and disease incidence in vegetables in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 season are reported. Cabbage root fly damage was always reduced under organic crop protection, but there were no consistent trends for the effects of fertility management on this pest. Sclerotinia in lettuce was consistently higher under conventional fertility management. Blight in potatoes was enhanced in the 2007 season by the combination of conventional fertility management and organic crop protection practices. Mechanisms for these effects, including the... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/11747/1/Cooper__11747_ed.doc |
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| Speiser, B.; Tamm, L.; Amsler, T.; Lambion, J.; Bertrand, C.; Hermansen, A.; Ruissen, M. A.; Haaland, P.; Zarb, J.; Santos, J.; Shotton, P.; Wilcockson, S.; Juntharathep, P.; Ghorbani, R.; Leifert, C.. |
| Late blight of potatoes, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is particularly difficult to prevent or control in organic agriculture. In this study, the host resistance of selected varieties to foliar and tuber blight and their yield under organic growing conditions were assessed in trials carried out in four countries (Switzerland, France, England and Norway) in 2001 and 2002. The objective was to identify new, more resistant varieties which might replace some of the more susceptible varieties which are currently grown in organic agriculture. In each country, five test varieties were compared with two reference varieties, identical for all sites, and with two locally popular varieties. In addition, the effect of copper fungicides was assessed for all... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8358/1/Speiser_etal_2006_late_blight.pdf |
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| Leifert, C.; Wilcockson, S.J.. |
| Blight-MOP Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) is the most devastating fungal disease affecting organic (and conventional) potato production in the EU. It kills the foliage and usually results in losses of yield which can be very large when infection is severe and occurs early in the season. The disease may be transmitted to the tubers which become unmarketable and these can lead to complete deterioration of the stored crop if put into storage with healthy tubers. To a great extent, conventional production systems rely upon frequent applications of synthetic fungicides with different modes of action for late blight control, but this is seldom completely successful. However, in organic systems, the availability of chemical fungicides is... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10650/1/leifert%2Dwilcockson%2D2005%2Dblight_mop%2Dreport_Front_Cover.pdf |
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| Cooper, J. M.; Schmidt, C. S.; Lueck, L.; Shotton, P. N.; Turnbull, C.; Leifert, C.. |
| The effect of organic, low-input and conventional management practices on barley yield and disease incidence was assessed in field trials over two years. Conventional fertility management (based on mineral fertiliser applications) and conventional crop protection (based on chemosynthetic pesticides) significantly increased the yield of winter barley as compared to organic fertility and crop protection regimes. Severity of leaf blotch (Rhynchosporium secalis) was highest under organic fertility and crop protection management and was correlated inversely with yield. For mildew (Erysiphe graminis), an interaction between fertility management and crop protection was detected. Conventional crop protection reduced severity of the disease, only under conventional... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10357/1/cooper%2Detal%2D2007%2Dwinter_barley.pdf |
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| Lueck, L.; Schmidt, C.S.; Cooper, J.M.; Shotton, P.N.; Hajslova, J.; Schulzova, V.; Leifert, C.. |
| The Nafferton factorial systems comparison (NFSC) experiments facilitate the investigation of effects of, and interaction between, three production system components - a) rotational position, b) fertility and c) crop protection management - in organic, conventional and low-input crop management systems. This paper presents first results on pesticide and growth regulator residues observed over a period of two years. Residues were only detected for three (Chlormequat, Chlorothalonil and Aldicarb) of the 28 pesticides used in the experiments. As expected, residue levels were affected by the crop protection practices, but significant effects of fertility management practices were also detected. This indicates that the human health risks associated with... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects Crop health; Quality; Protection Farming Systems. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10380/1/lueck%2Detal%2D2007%2Dpesticide%2Dgrowth%2Dregulator.pdf |
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| Tamm, L.; Koepke, U.; Cohen, Y.; Leifert, C.. |
| The overall aims of organic and low input crop production include the economically viable and environmentally sound production of high quality food and feed. Technological bottlenecks in such systems include insufficient and instable yields and in some instances unsatisfactory processing, sensory and/or nutritional quality of the final product. Recently, concerns have also been raised that the intensive use of manures may lead to increased risk for contamination of food by enteropathogenic micro-organisms. Crop production in low input systems is based on key pillars, i.e. (i) a fertile soil which provides sufficient capacity to allow for plant growth while preventing soil-borne diseases, (ii) high quality, disease-free seeds and plant material, (iii) a... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover Food security; Food quality and human health. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10626/1/Tamm%2Detal%2D2007%2Dcrop_production_system.pdf |
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| Lammerts van Bueren, E. T.; Jones, S.S.; Tamm, L.; Murphy, K.M.; Myers, J. R; Leifert, C.; Messmer, M.. |
| It is estimated that more than 95% of organic production is based on crop varieties that were bred for the conventional high-input sector. Recent studies have shown that such varieties lack important traits required under organic and low-input production conditions. This is primarily due to selection in conventional breeding programmes being carried out in the background of high inorganic fertilizer and crop protection inputs. Also, some of the traits (e.g., semi-dwarf genes) that were introduced to address problems like lodging in cereals in high-input systems were shown to have negative side-effects (reduced resistance to diseases such as Septoria, lower protein content and poorer nutrient-use efficiency) on the performance of varieties under organic and... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Vegetables Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17861/1/LammertsvanBueren_et_al_NJAS_wheat%2C_tomato%2C_broccoli.pdf |
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| Leifert, C.; Rembiałkowska, E.; Nielson, J.H.; Cooper, J.M.; Butler, G.; Lueck, L.. |
| The intensification of agricultural production in the last century has resulted in a significant loss of biodiversity, environmental problems and associated societal costs. The use of shorter rotations or monocropping and high levels of mineral fertilisers, pesticides and crop growth regulators may also have had negative impacts on food quality and safety. To reverse the negative environmental and biodiversity impacts of agricultural intensification, a range of different ‘low input’ farming systems have been developed and are now supported by EU and government support schemes. A range of recent reviews concluded that switching to low input, integrated or organic farming practices results in significant environmental benefits and increased biodiversity in... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10482/1/Leifert%2Detal%2D2007%2Dfood%2Dquality%2Dsafety.pdf |
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| Kasselaki, A. M.; Malathrakis, N. E.; Goumas, D. E.; Leifert, C.. |
| The fungus Didymella lycopersici infects tomato seed and results in great losses before and after germination. To control the disease, seed companies use thiram preventively, although human allergy problems have been reported. For this reason as well as to address needs in organic agriculture, this study has focused on the effects of alternative methods of control. Nitrite solutions and resistance inducers were tested in a growth chamber. Results showed that soaking the seed in a nitrite solution with a concentration of 300mΜ (in citric acid buffer, pH 2) for 10 minutes reduced losses due to low seed germination and disease incidence in the germinated seedlings completely. When applied for longer intervals sodium nitrite proved phytotoxic whereas in... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10400/1/Kasselaki%2Detal%2D2007%2Dseedbornediseases.pdf |
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| Eyre, M.D.; Volakakis, N.; Shotton, P.N.; Leifert, C.. |
| Beneficial invertebrate activity (13 groups) was assessed in five crop types on a split-plot experimental system in northern England using pitfall trapping and suction sampling in May-October 2005. Very significant differences were detected in activity between crop type, and in the preference of groups for individual crops. Within crop types, differences in fertiliser and crop protection approaches appeared to significantly affect activity, with preferences for either organic or conventional management differing between groups. In general, inorganic fertiliser application had more effect on activity than pesticide, herbicide and fungicide use. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions; Farming Systems; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10391/1/eyre%2Detal%2D2007%2Dbeneficial_invertebrates.pdf |
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| Wagenaar, J.-P.; Klocke, P.; Butler, G.; Smolders, G.; Nielsen, J.H.; Canever, A.; Leifert, C.. |
| In the last decade the main goals of organic dairying have been to attain acceptable levels of milk production, increase opportunities for animals to perform species own behaviour, resulting in improved animal welfare and animal health, and minimize the use of therapeutic interventions, including the reduction of the (preventive) use of antibiotics. Maintaining animal health without the use of therapeutic interventions is a major challenge for organic dairy farmers. In particular, udder health remains a major problem in both conventional and organic farming. In the QualityLowInputFood (QLIF) project udder health status and management were assessed in different production systems and European regions. These studies suggest that good udder health can be... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Dairy cattle; Health and welfare. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/20475/1/Wagenaar_et_al_2011.pdf |
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| Butler, G.; Stergiadis, S.; Eyre, M.; Leifert, C.; Borsari, A.; Canever, A.; Slots, T.; Nielsen, H.J.. |
| A main reason for the rapid increase in organic food consumption is the perception that organic foods have a superior nutritional composition and/or convey health benefits. However, there is currently limited scientific knowledge about the effect of production systems on food composition. The study reported here compared fatty acid profiles and levels of fat soluble antioxidants in milk from organic and conventional production systems in 5 geographic regions in Europe (Wales, England, Denmark, Sweden and Italy). Levels of nutritionally desirable mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (vaccenic acid, CLA, α-linolenic acid) and/or a range of fat soluble antioxidants were found to be significantly higher in organic milk. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10625/1/butler%2Detal%2D2007%2DProductionSystem_MilkQuality.pdf |
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| Stergiadis, S.; Leifert, C.; Seal, C.J.; Eyre, M.D.; Steinshamm, H.; Butler, G.. |
| Many studies show concentrations of nutritionally desirable fatty acids in bovine milk are lower when cows have no access to grazing, leading to seasonal fluctuations in milk quality if cows are housed for part of the year. This study investigated the potential to improve the fatty acid profiles of bovine milk by oilseed supplementation (rolled linseed and rapeseed) during a period of indoor feeding in both organic and conventional production systems. Both linseed and rapeseed increased the concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, oleic acid and rumenic acid in milk, but decreased the concentration of the total and certain individual saturated fatty acids. Linseed resulted in greater changes than rapeseed, and also significantly... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Dairy cattle; Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26495/1/stergiadis-etal-2014-FoodChem-p293-300.pdf |
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| Schmidt, C. S.; Agostini, F.; Simon, A. M.; Whyte, J.; Townend, J.; Leifert, C.; Killham, K.; Mullins, C.. |
| In five different soils originating from Scotland (Craibstone and Cruden Bay), Germany ( Magdeburg and Uelzen) and Greece (Tymbaki), Pseudomonas fluorescens B5 reached higher population sizes (4.7-5.7 log CFU/plant) on 12-day-old sugar beet seedlings than Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 (4.1 - 4.8 log CFU/ plant). Total population size per plant was not affected by soil type. In all five soils, the antagonists reached highest population densities in the hypocotyl and the upper 2 cm root section (P. fluorescens B5: 5.2-6.8 log(10) CFU/g plant fresh weight, Bacillus subtilis MBI 600: 5.2 - 6.1 log(10) CFU/g plant fresh weight) and declined to 0 - 3 log(10) CFU below 4 cm root depth. Colonisation by P. fluorescens B5 down the root was slightly increased in the... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Soil biology. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/10761/1/Schmidt_et_al_2004.pdf |
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| Kasselaki, A. M.; Goumas, D.; Tamm, L.; Fuchs, J.; Cooper, J.; Leifert, C.. |
| Currently there is a lack of effective seed treatments for bacterial pathogens, with Cu-based compounds (the only chemical treatments permitted under organic farming standards) only providing partial control. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of alternative treatments for the control of bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), a major seed-borne bacterial disease in tomato. Treatments assessed were acidified nitrite (a treatment previously shown to control the seed-borne fungal disease Didymella lycopersici), antagonistic strains of Bacillus spp. and compost extracts, which were not previously evaluated as treatments for seed-borne diseases. Efficacy of treatments was determined in a seed disinfection assay.... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Vegetables Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19610/1/kasselaki%2Detal%2D2011%2Dclavibacter%2DNJAS.pdf |
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| Flier, W. G.; Kroon, L. P. N. M.; Hermansen, A.; van Raaij, H. M. G.; Speiser, B.; Tamm, L.; Fuchs, J. G.; Lambion, J.; Razzaghian, J.; Andrivon, D.; Wilcockson, S.; Leifert, C.. |
| Genetic variation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from organic potato crops of the susceptible cv. Bintje and the moderately resistant cv. Santé were assessed in France, Norway, and the United Kingdom in 2001 and in Switzerland in 2001 and 2002. Population structures differed considerably between the four P. infestans populations. Those from France, Switzerland and the UK were mainly clonal populations showing restricted levels of genetic diversity, whilst those from Norway were mixed A1 and A2 mating type populations with high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting periodical sexual reproduction. Isolates collected from cv. Bintje were on average more aggressive than or comparable to isolates from cv. Santé. Race complexity... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/11106/1/speiser%2Detal%2D2007%2Dplant_pathology_56.pdf |
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| Tamm, L.; Smit, A.B.; Hospers, M.; Janssens, S.R.M.; Buurma, J.S.; Molgaard, J.-P.; Laerke, P.E.; Hansen, H.H.; Hermans, A.; Boedker, L.; Bertrand, C.; Lambion, J.; Finckh, M.R.; Schüler, Chr.; Lammerts van Bueren, E.; Ruissen, T.; Nielsen, B.J.; Solberg, S.; Speiser, B.; Wolfe, M.S.; Phillips, S.; Wilcoxon, S.J.; Leifert, C.. |
| In Europe, late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease affecting organic (and conventional) potato production. Under suitable environmental conditions the disease can spread rapidly and it can cause complete crop loss. The extent of damage due to late blight depends on several factors: in organic production systems these factors include climate, choice of variety, soil management and use of crop protection agents such as copper. Therefore, the extent of economic damage varies between European regions. Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91, amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 473/2002 of 15 March 2002 regulates the use of copper in organic agriculture. Copper has been the single most important control agent in... |
| Tipo: Book |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/2936/1/tamm%2Det%2Dal%2D2004%2Dblight%2Dmop%2Doe.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 27 | |
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