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| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
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| Martin, William J.. |
| Random variation in output may lead to serious bias in cost function estimates. Despite the availability of simple, consistent instrumental variable estimators to deal with this problem, most empirical studies appear to have ignored this errors-in-variables problem, or dealt with it in an ad hoc manner. In this note, an instrumental variable approach is suggested, and applied to the estimation of cost-output relationships for a sample of irrigated citrus farms. Ordinary least squares was found to result in a statistically significant bias. Although this bias did not alter the economic interpretation of the results for the sample used, the bias is likely to be more serious for samples with greater chance variation in output. Thus, it is argued that all cost... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12514 |
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| Martin, William J.. |
| Recent discussion of the process of policy reform has tended to focus on public and private interest theories of public choice as alternative models. The analysis of Australian agricultural policy presented in this paper draws on several extensions of the private interest model including the contractarian framework, extra-rational considerations such as moral attitudes and the desire to participate. Recent agricultural policy reforms in Australia are examined in the light of those theories. This examination highlights the importance of ideas and changes in the rules for policy formulation in influencing policy outcomes. In some cases the private interest theory appears to offer an adequate explanation while, in others, it provides only a partial... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22355 |
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| Martin, William J.; Anderson, Kym. |
| This paper shows that research on international agricultural trade reform can make much greater contributions to understanding than was feasible in earlier trade negotiations. Part of this is due to improvements in the basic data on production, consumption and trade associated with the development of the GTAP database and part due to the greater availability of disaggregated data on applied and bound rates of protection. Unfortunately, the framework in which we operate means that we are reduced to measuring gains that are substantially less than one percent of GDP. New developments in theory and method provide the potential for our quantitative analysis to be improved in at least six areas, including improvements in: the measurement of protection;... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Trade negotiations; Multilateral; Agricultural trade; Welfare evaluation; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; F11; F12. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25628 |
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| Roberts, Roland K.; Martin, William J.. |
| Interest has grown in analyzing the impact of national imports of foreign beef on state agricultural sectors. In this study, an interfaced Hawaiian-national model is simulated for a change in national beef imports. Hawaiian and national impacts demonstrate wide variation in both sign and magnitude. Usefulness of state models is emphasized for situations where state impacts of national policies are of interest. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1984 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29735 |
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| Lin, Justin Yifu; Martin, William J.. |
| The financial crisis arose in the industrial countries, but has affected developing countries through higher interest rates, sharp changes in commodity prices and reductions in investment, trade, migration and remittances. Some also see the recent food price crisis as a strongly related phenomenon. For most low income countries, shocks that affect food prices or wage rates for unskilled workers seem likely to have the biggest impact on poverty. Policies to address the crisis must include measures: to deal with financial sector problems; the resulting reductions in aggregate demand; and the particular vulnerabilities of poor people. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53208 |
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| Anderson, Kym; Dimaranan, Betina V.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Martin, William J.. |
| Rapid industrialization in East Asia, particularly China, is raising questions about who will feed the region in the next century and how Asia will be able to pay for its food imports. The paper ®rst reviews existing food sector projections and then takes an economy-wide perspective using projections to 2005, based on the global CGE model known as GTAP. After showing the impact of implementing the Uruguay Round, the paper explores several alternative scenarios. A slowdown in farm productivity growth is shown to be costly to the world economy, as is slower economic growth in China. Failure to honour Uruguay Round obligations to open textile and clothing markets in OECD countries would reduce East Asia's industrialization and thereby slow its net imports of... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118006 |
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| Martin, William J.; Porter, Darrell. |
| Quarterly data from 1962 to 1983 for beef, lamb, mutton, pig meat and poultry were used to test for constancy in the structure of meat demand in Australia. The cumulative sum, cumulative sum of squares and Farley-Hinich tests were applied to a range of models to ensure that any rejection of stability was not due to an inappropriate functional form or omitted dynamics. Little evidence was found of a marked swing away from consumption of any meat, with the exception of mutton. The results suggest that changes in prices and in total consumer expenditure are far more important than changes in tastes as determinants of meat consumption. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1985 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22511 |
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| Martin, William J.; Anderson, Kym. |
| A successful agreement on agriculture is critical for an overall agreement under the Doha negotiations. But before the final agreement is known, some critical decisions must be made about issues such as resumption of the negotiations, and the key tradeoffs to be made following resumption. We consider four of the most controversial areas of the agricultural negotiations: the relative importance of domestic support, market access and export subsidies; the sensitive-product exceptions sought for all countries; the additional special product exceptions sought for developing countries; and the proposed special safeguard mechanism. We show that the decisions made on reform in these areas will have a critical influence on whether the negotiations achieve their... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9467 |
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| Jean, Sebastien; Laborde, David; Martin, William J.. |
| The current negotiating framework for WTO negotiations on agriculture includes flexibilities for "sensitive" products to be chosen by the importer. Without knowing which products their partners are likely to select, WTO members cannot assess the implications of an agreement for their market access opportunities. In this paper, we begin by specifying a Grossman-Helpman type political-economy welfare function, and use this to determine which products are likely to be selected as sensitive products. Assuming these products are subjected to smaller reduction in protection, we find that allowing even 2 percent of tariff lines to be treated as sensitive can greatly reduce the impact of an agreement on market access. This problem is, in part, a consequence of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18860 |
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| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
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