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| Registros recuperados: 48 | |
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| Hammelehle, Andreas; Oberson, Astrid; Lüscher, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen. |
| Aims Belowground legume nitrogen (N) composed of roots and rhizodeposition is an important N input to soils, but published data of belowground N vary broadly, probably due to extrapolation from short-term experiments and dissimilar growing conditions. We quantified belowground N inputs of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) during two consecutive years in a clover-grass sward along a soil nutrient availability gradient. Methods We established a red clover-perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) model sward in microplots located in field plots of the DOK experiment, which has a 33-year history of organic and conventional cropping, resulting in a soil nutrient availability gradient. Four treatments were examined: the zero fertilisation control, bio-organic... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Composting and manuring. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34924/1/hammelehle-etal-2018-PlantSoil-Vol425-Issue1-2-p507-525.pdf |
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| Mayer, Jochen; Scheid, Susanne; Widmer, Franco; Fließbach, Andreas; Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf. |
| Effective microorganisms® (EM) is a microbial inoculant promoted to stimulate plant growth and soil fertility in agriculture. In our study we investigated the effects of EM on crop yields and soil microbial parameters in a 4-year field experiment under organic management (2003–2006) in Zurich, Switzerland. Treatments of the EM preparations (i) the spraying agent EMA, (ii) EMA with the EM enriched organic substrate Bokashi and (iii) EMA with Bokashi and farmyard manure were applied in each year. As controls to treatments (i)–(iii) the same treatments were included with sterilised EM preparations and a control without EM application. Crop yields in each year and the soil microbiological parameters soil respiration, microbial biomass (SIR, CFE), dehydrogenase... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17863/1/Mayer%2Detal%2D2010see%2Dfront%2Dmatter.pdf |
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| Mayer, Jochen; Jarosch, KA.; Hammelehle, Andreas; Dubois, David; Gunst, Lucie; Bosshard, C.; Frossard, Emmanuel; Mäder, Paul; Oberson, Astrid. |
| N-balances over 35 years from the DOK trial are presented and combined with Nstock changes in DOK treatments on different fertilisation levels. Results strongly indicate an N efficiency-sustainability dilemma: DOK treatments with a high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) lose more soil stock N than those with a lower NUE but higher N losses from the system. The biodynamic system showed little advantage in terms of soil N stocks sustainability while the solely mineral fertilised conventional treatment had highest NUE across all inputs including soil N change. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Farm nutrient management. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31925/1/Stickstoffbilanzen%20in%20biologischen%20und%20konventionellen.pdf |
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| Hammelehle, Andreas; Müller, Torsten; Oberson, Astrid; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen. |
| Symbiotic N2 fixation (Nfix) and N-balance was determined from organic and conven-tional grown soybean in the DOK experiment (Switzerland). Nfix was calculated i) based solely on soybean aboveground N (AGN) and ii) additionally taking into account belowground N (BGN), comprising N in physical roots and N rhizodeposition. Nfix was averagely two times higher considering AGN and BGN, ranging from 22 g N m-2 (conventional manure) to 37 g N m-2 (conventional mineral). N balances were positive in all treatments, but with 2 – 7 g N m-2 based on AGN solely comparatively small. These values were exceeded fourfold when considering BGN ranging from 13 g N m-2 (conventional manure) to 21 g N m-2 (organic and conventional mineral). |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry; Soil. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21426/1/21426_hammelehle.pdf |
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| Rotchés-Ribalta, Roser; Armengot, Laura; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen; Sans, Francesc Xavier. |
| The intensification of farming practices has reduced weed infestations, but it has also led to a reduction in weed diversity and changes in species composition. These effects are well described for aboveground flora; however, it is less clear how these effects might be expressed in the soil weed seedbank. We evaluated the effects of different long-term farm management strategies on the weed seedbank abundance, diversity, and community composition in the DOK (bioDynamic, bioOrganic, and Konventionell) field trial established in 1978 at Therwil, Switzerland. The trial compares biodynamic, organic, and conventional farming systems, which mainly differ in fertilization, weed control strategies, and pest control. The species richness and seed abundance of the... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Weed management. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31248/1/rotches-ribalta-etal-2017-WeedScience-Vol65-p73-82.pdf |
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| Fuchs, Jacques G.; Berner, Alfred; Mayer, Jochen; Smidt, Ena; Schleiss, Konrad. |
| Composts can influence soil fertility and plant health. These influences can be positive or negative, depending of the quality of the composts. In order to estimate the potential of Swiss composts to influence soil fertility and plant health, one hundred composts representative of the different composting systems and qualities available on the market were analyzed. The organic substance and the nutrient content of the composts varied greatly between the composts; the materials of origin were the major factor influencing these values. The respiration rate and enzyme activities also varied greatly, particularly in the youngest composts. These differences decreased when the composts become more mature. Maturity, the degradation stage of the organic matter,... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology Composting and manuring Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17977/1/fuchs%2Detal%2D2008%2Dcodis.pdf |
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| Mayer, Jochen; Scheid, Susanne; Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf. |
| The effectiveness of ‘Effective Microorganisms’ (EM) was investigated in a four years field experiment (2003-2006) at Zurich, Switzerland. The experiment was designed to enable clear differentiation between effects of the microorganisms in the EM treatments (Bokashi and EMA) and its substrate (sterilized treatments). Crop yields and soil microbiological parameters as soil respiration and microbial biomass were determined. The EM treatments showed no effect on yield and soil microorganisms which were caused by the EM microorganisms. Observed effects could be related to the effect of the carrier substrate of the EM products. The sampling time showed stronger effects on soil microbial biomass and soil respiration compared to the effect of the treatments.... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Farm nutrient management. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14838/1/Mayer_14838_ed.doc |
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| Skinner, Colin; Krauss, Maike; Conen, Franz; Hansen, Sissel; Mayer, Jochen; Neftel, Albrecht; Mäder, Paul; Gattinger, Andreas. |
| Organic farming systems provide multiple environmental benefits. Concerning climate change they have a substantial mitigation potential. Skinner et al. (2014) evaluated with Meta-Analysis the global dataset on comparative field measurements of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes under organic and non-organic agricultural management that have been published by the end of 2012. They showed that for arable land-use under organic management compared to non-organic 1) the cumulated area-scaled N2O emissions are about 15 % lower, 2) yield-scaled N2O emissions are slightly higher and 3) CH4 uptake is higher. However, this database is thin and further field measurements covering whole crop rotations are needed to close knowledge gaps. Therefore soil GHG fluxes are... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26920/2/26920_skinner.pdf |
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| Keller, Martina; Oberson, Astrid; Frossard, Emmanuel; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen; Bünemann, Else K.. |
| The impact of cropping systems on soil phosphorus (P) forms and P dynamics was studied. The systems were a biodynamic (DYN), a bioorganic (BIO), a conventional (CON), a stockless system (MIN) and an unfertilized control (NON). These cropping systems are part of the DOK field trial in Therwil near Basel. The systems differed in fertilization and plant protection. The P budgets over 30 years were negative except for CON and increased in the order: NON < DYN < ORG < MIN < CON. A sequential P extraction scheme was used to characterize the P forms in soil samples from 2007 and 1977 (before the start of the trial). Labile inorganic P (Pi) forms differed significantly between cropping systems. Organic P forms (Po) and stable Pi forms were not... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Soil; Composting and manuring. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14255/1/Keller_14255.pdf |
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| Jarosch, KA.; Gunst, Lucie; Dubois, David; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen. |
| We calculated a phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) balance for the DOK-trial (Therwil, Switzerland) for a 35-years cropping period. In the DOK-trial, three cropping systems (D: biodynamic, O: bioorganic and K: conventional) are maintained on both a full (2) and a halved (1) fertilization level. Additionally, a treatment with no fertilization (N) and mineral fertilization (M; since 1985) are included. Balance inputs included fertilization, deposition, nutrients inputs by seeds, while in the outputs removal of nutrients by harvested plant material and leaching was considered. For P, the balance was positive for treatment M and treatment O2, but negative for the other treatments. The K-balance was positive only for treatment M, while treatments D2, O2 and K2... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Nutrient turnover. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31861/1/Phosphor-%20und%20Kalium-Bilanzen%20%C3%BCber%2035%20Jahre%20DOK-Versuch.pdf |
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| Dierauer, Hansueli; Anken, Thomas; Hiltbrunner, Jürg; Kessler, Willy; Mayer, Jochen; Strasser, Fredi; Schmutz, Res. |
| Maize cultivation provides a valuable addition to the feed ration in farms with dairy cows. However, the cultivation of organic maize is challenging and posing risks regarding erosion, leaching of nutrients and soil compaction. Not all sites are suitable for maize cultivation. Therefore, it is important to first study the site before the cultivation. This leaflet provides some general information on how to cultivate organic maize optimally. Different topics about the needs of maize, the sowing, the right crop rotation and pest management are covered. Finally, there is also some information about economic aspects. This leaflet was made for farmers that want to begin cultivating organic maize, but it might also be of use to conventional maize farmers. The... |
| Tipo: Practice tool |
Palavras-chave: Root crops. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31993/1/1017-mais.pdf |
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| Oberson, Astrid; Frossard, Emmanuel; Mayer, Jochen; Flura, Thomas; Mäder, Paul; Lüscher, Andreas. |
| Because of lower nitrogen (N) input it is assumed that organically cultivated legumes fix more N2 than legumes grown under conventional cropping. Using the natural 15N abundance method, we assessed symbiotic N2 fixation by white and red clover. The clover was growing in a grass-clover meadow installed as part of the crop rotation of a long term (30 years) field experiment. Dry matter yields were similar for organic and conventional meadows on plots fertilized at levels typical for the respective system, but organic meadows tended to higher clover yields. The proportion of N derived from atmosphere (Ndfa) in both clover species was on average 84%. It was not significantly affected by the cropping system. Because of more legumes, amounts of fixed N2... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Pasture and forage crops. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14215/1/Oberson_14215.pdf |
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| Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf; Fließbach, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen. |
| Im DOK-Feldversuch in Therwil, Schweiz werden seit 1978 folgende landwirtschaftlichen Anbausysteme verglichen: Konventionell (CONFYM, mineralische und organische Düngung, synthetische Pflanzenschutzmittel), biologisch organisch (BIOORG, organische Düngung, mechanische Unkrautbekämpfung und biologische Krankheits- und Schädlingsbekämpfung) sowie biologisch-dynamisch (BIODYN, organische Düngung mit kompostiertem Mist, Pflanzenschutz wie BIOORG,aber ohne Cu, biologisch-dynamische Präparate). |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Composting and manuring; Weed management. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26502/1/Oberholzer_Fliessbach_etal_2009_VDLUFA.pdf |
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| Keller, Martina; Oberson, Astrid; Annaheim, Kathrin E.; Tamburini, Federica; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen; Frossard, Emmanuel; Bünemann, Else K.. |
| Lower P-input levels in organic than conventional farming can decrease soil total and available P, which can potentially be resupplied from soil organic P. We studied the effect of 30 y of conventional and organic farming on soil P forms, focussing especially on organic P. Soil samples (0–20 cm) were taken in a field experiment with a nonfertilized control, two organic systems receiving P inputs as animal manure, and two conventional systems receiving only mineral P or mineral P and manure. Soils were analyzed for total, inorganic, organic, and microbial P, by sequential P fractionation and by enzyme additions to alkaline soil extracts. Samples taken prior to starting the experiment were also analyzed. Average annual P balances ranged from –20 to +5 kg... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Crop husbandry. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21783/1/keller-etal-2012-JPlantNutrSoilSci-Vol175-p385-393.pdf |
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| Grüter, Roman; Costerousse, Benjamin; Bertoni, Angelina; Mayer, Jochen; Thonar, Cécile; Frossard, Emmanuel; Schulin, Rainer; Tandy, Susan. |
| Zinc (Zn) deficiency in human populations depending on cereals as a main source of Zn is a global malnutrition problem. In this field study, we investigated the potential of green manure application to increase soil Zn availability and wheat grain Zn concentrations (biofortification) on a Luvisol with different long-term fertilizer management. We also studied cadmium (Cd), as wheat is a major contributor of this undesired non-essential element to human diets. Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) or no green manure was grown on field plots which had been managed with farmyard manure or mineral fertilizers for 65 years in Switzerland. After green manure incorporation into the soil, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on all... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Composting and manuring Nutrient turnover. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/32663/1/greuter-etal-2017-SciTotalEnv-vol599-600-p1330-1343.pdf |
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| Mäder, Paul; Fliessbach, Andreas; Niggli, Urs; Gunst, Lucie; Mayer, Jochen. |
| Sustainable food and feed production is becoming a major issue with regard to the growing world’s population and the scarcity of non-renewable resources such as energy and fertilizers. Long-term trials offer the unique opportunity to assess the performance of cropping systems over decades, providing meaningful data. While many studies have proven, that organic farming generally increases soil fertility and biodiversity, long-term productivity of organic systems is questioned. Here we show that across all crops of a seven year rotation, yields of the organic system were approx. 81% of those of the conventional system in the fifth rotation period of the DOK trial (2006-2012), but with much lower input of nutrients and pesticides. Two major food and feed... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Crop husbandry Soil Root crops. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21600/1/21600_Maeder.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 48 | |
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